xref: /freebsd/UPDATING (revision 8b4e4c2737305df8807abc6cd054a32586085c93)
1Updating Information for users of FreeBSD-CURRENT.
2
3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4See end of file for further details.  For commonly done items, please see the
5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file.  These instructions assume that you
6basically know what you are doing.  If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
7handbook:
8
9    https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/cutting-edge/#makeworld
10
11Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12/usr/ports/UPDATING.  Please read that file before updating system packages
13and/or ports.
14
15NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 16.x IS SLOW:
16	FreeBSD 16.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
17	and userland.  These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
18	system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
19	checking and fail stop semantics.  They also substantially impact
20	system performance.  If you want to do performance measurement,
21	benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off.  This
22	includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
23	debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
24	kernel.  Many developers choose to disable these features on build
25	machines to maximize performance.  (To completely disable malloc
26	debugging, define WITH_MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/src.conf and rebuild
27	world, or to merely disable the most expensive debugging functionality
28	at runtime, run "ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
29
3020250905:
31	FreeBSD 16.0-CURRENT.
32
3320250903:
34	The BLOAT_KERNEL_WITH_EXTERR kernel config option has been renamed to
35	EXTERR_STRINGS.
36
3720250827:
38	The names of pkg repositories defined in /etc/pkg/FreeBSD.conf have
39	changed: "FreeBSD" is now "FreeBSD-ports", and "FreeBSD-kmods" is now
40	"FreeBSD-ports-kmods".  Users with /usr/local/etc/pkg/repos files
41	which override these will need to adjust their configuration to match
42	the new names.
43
4420250823:
45	The set of pkgbase packages for Kerberos and OpenSSL has changed.
46	After updating past 250e77d4f0a5, you should check 'pkg orphans'
47	and remove any orphaned packages, then examine the output of
48	'pkg install -r base -g FreeBSD-openssl\* FreeBSD-kerberos\*'
49	and install any new packages you need.
50
5120250823:
52	To restore bridge(4)'s ABI compatibility with ifconfig from 14.x or
53	earlier, the size of struct ifbreq has changed, so you must update
54	the kernel and /sbin/ifconfig at the same time or you will not be
55	able to add interfaces to bridge.  This is particularly important
56	if you require bridge for network access during boot, in which case
57	you should install the new kernel and the new /sbin/ifconfig prior
58	to rebooting.
59
6020250820:
61	The WITHOUT_GSSAPI src.conf knob has been removed.  This was already
62	a no-op for MIT Kerberos, so this only affects builds which set
63	WITHOUT_MITKRB5=1, in which case you now always get libgssapi.
64
65	Also, Heimdal's compile_et and libcom_err are now controlled by
66	WITHOUT_KERBEROS, not WITHOUT_KERBEROS_SUPPORT.  This matches
67	the behaviour of the MIT Kerberos versions.
68
6920250820:
70	Commits 08c7dd2fbe4f and a4197ea47777 have changed the ABI between
71	libvmmapi and the vmm device. If using a custom kernel configuration,
72	please ensure that the COMPAT_FREEBSD14 option is included so older
73	versions of libvmmapi continue working as expected.
74
7520250819:
76	The CLEAN option has been switched back from default-on to default-off.
77	This reverts the 20250808 change below, which had reverted the 20240729
78	change before it.  Note that some src.conf(5) options are known to break
79	ABI or compatibility in ways that may require a clean build initially
80	when switched.
81
8220250816:
83	Sendmail's libmilter has been moved to its own package.  If you want
84	to compile applications that use libmilter, you should install the
85	FreeBSD-libmilter* packages.
86
87	If you only have FreeBSD-sendmail installed for applications that
88	require libmilter, you can now remove it.
89
9020250815:
91	The [gs]etgroups(2)syscalls have changed. To maintain backwards
92	compatibility with existing programs, you need COMPAT_FREEBSD14 in
93	your kernel config until all applications which use this are
94	rebuild/reinstalled.
95
9620250815:
97	jemalloc 5.3.0 has been committed to the tree.
98
9920250815:
100	The removal of Secure RPC DES authentication noted in 20250810
101	has been reverted.  (However, it is still non-functional.)
102
10320250813:
104	Commit cce64f2e6851 changed the internal KAPI between the NFS
105	modules.  As such, all of them need to be rebuilt from sources.
106	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped to 1500060 already today,
107	 so I will not bump it again for this.
108
10920250813:
110	The gpiobus_attach_bus() function has been removed. Drivers should now
111	use the gpiobus_add_bus() function instead. The difference being that
112	gpiobus_add_bus() doesn't call bus_attach_children(), calling it will
113	be the responsibility of the caller now.
114
11520250810:
116	Support for Secure RPC DES authentication has been removed.
117	The keyserv(8) daemon was already removed, but support for it in libc
118	has also been removed, so if you somehow still had keyserv installed,
119	it will now stop working.  There is no workaround for this.  Removing
120	DES is considered a feature.
121
12220250808:
123	The CLEAN option has been switched back from default-off to
124	default-on.  This reverts the 20240729 change below.
125
12620250807:
127	routed(8) and route6d(8) have moved to the FreeBSD-rip package.
128	If you use either of these, you should install the new package.
129
13020250806:
131	if_epair(4) now uses ether_gen_addr(9) to generate a stable MAC
132	address.
133	To keep using the random address, set the loader tunable
134	net.link.epair.ether_gen_addr=0.
135
13620250804:
137	bsdconfig (including sysrc(8)) has moved to the new bsdconfig
138	package.  If you use pkgbase and wish to use bsdconfig, you should
139	install FreeBSD-bsdconfig.
140
14120250730:
142	The usbhid(4) USB HID driver is now enabled by default, and will be
143	used in preference to other USB HID drivers like ukbd(4), ums(4), and
144	uhid(4).  Work on a FIDO/U2F driver and moused(8) is in progress.
145	The default is being switched now so that we can find and fix any
146	additional issues prior to FreeBSD 15.0.
147
148	To revert to the previous USB HID driver behavior, set the loader
149	tunable hw.usb.usbhid.enable=0.
150
15120250727:
152	bmake (i.e., /usr/bin/make and /usr/share/mk) has moved to a new
153	package, FreeBSD-bmake.  If you use pkgbase and you need make, you
154	should install this package.
155
15620250726:
157	amd64 kernel configurations must contain "options SMP".
158
15920250725:
160	gssd(8) has been moved to a new package, FreeBSD-gssd.  If you use
161	pkgbase and you need gssd, you should install this package.
162
16320250724:
164	The Kerberos packages which are built when WITH_MITKRB5 is enabled
165	have been renamed from FreeBSD-krb5* to FreeBSD-kerberos*.  This
166	affects pkgbase users who manually enabled WITH_MITKRB5, *or* use
167	the default value of WITH_MITKRB5 and updated past c7da9fb90b0b
168	(20250721) which made WITH_MITKRB5 the default.
169
170	In either case, if you have FreeBSD-krb5* packages installed, you
171	should remove them and (re)install the equivalent FreeBSD-kerberos*
172	packages instead.
173
17420250721:
175	WITH_MITKRB5 is now enabled by default. MIT KRB5 has replaced
176	Heimdal in base. Ports that use USES=gssapi must be rebuilt.
177	A clean buildworld is required.
178
17920250719:
180	Commits 392a82b225 and c00baac0ab both changed the
181	internal API between the NFS modules.  As such, all
182	these modules need to be rebuilt from sources.
183	__FreeBSD_version was bumped to 1500053 for this.
184
18520250710:
186	The shar(1) utility has been removed from base.  The
187	sysutils/freebsd-shar port was created to maintain this version of
188	shar(1) past its removal from base.
189
19020250704:
191	LinuxKPI device.h and acpi changes effecting drivers and drm-kmod.
192	Bump __FreeBSD_version 1500050 to be able to detect these changes.
193
19420250630:
195	Commits 171f66b0c2ca and 8e2a90ac8089 changed the internal
196	api between nfscommon.ko and the other nfs modules.
197	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1500049 for this.
198	All NFS related modules must be rebuilt from up-to-date
199	sources.
200
20120250625:
202	"make delete-old" will now remove the Forth bootloader entirely
203	if the system is built with WITHOUT_FORTH.
204
20520250614:
206	MIT KRB5 (MIT Kerberos5) has been imported into 15-CURRENT. To
207	and install MIT KRB5, add WITH_MITKRB5=yes to /etc/src.conf. This
208	will build and install MIT KRB5 1.21.3. And it will remove Heimdal
209	1.5.2 when delete-old and delete-old-libs are run. To revert back
210	simply buildworld/installworld again with delete-old-libs and
211	delete-old.
212
213	At the moment we only know of a couple of ports that might be
214	affected. Adjusting libmap.conf does not circumvent runtime issues.
215	The few affected ports must be rebuilt. A successful exp-run will be
216	run before MIT KRB5 becomes default.
217
218	Those using the KDC in FreeBSD base may wish to wait. The Heimdal
219	HDB is incompatible with the MIT KRB5 KDC. The migration procedure
220	is a little involved.
221
22220250603:
223	LinuxKPI dma-mapping.h were pulled into the tree from drm-kmod.
224	Bump _FreeBSD_version to 1500045 to be able to detect this change.
225
22620250527:
227	pf changed extension header handling. It now treats AH headers on IPv4 just
228	like AH headers on IPv6 and skips over them, allowing filtering on the inner
229	protocol.
230
23120250527:
232	pf now blocks IPv6 packets with a hop-by-hop or destination options header by
233	default. Such packets can be passed by adding "allow-opts" to the rule. IPv6
234	options are now handled just like their IPv4 counterparts.
235
23620250527:
237	The CAM target layer userland, i.e. ctld(8), ctladm(8) and ctlstat(8),
238	has moved to the new FreeBSD-ctl package.  If you use pkgbase and you
239	need the CAM Target Layer, you should install the new package.
240
241	Development-related tools (e.g. ar and nm) have moved to the new
242	"FreeBSD-toolchain" package, which subsumes and obsoletes the
243	existing "FreeBSD-elftoolchain" package.  If you use pkgbase and
244	need to compile software, you should install the new package and
245	ensure the old FreeBSD-elftoolchain* packages are completely removed.
246
24720250521:
248	Commit e64fe5ad3a23 removed in6_maxmtu and its setter in6_setmaxmtu().
249	in6_maxmtu is used to store the max IPv6 MTU of all interfaces,
250	however it does not have any in-tree consumers since the introduction
251	from the KAME project. The removal should have little impact, and the
252	max IPv6 MTU can be easily retrieved by iterating over all the attached
253	interface if 3rd party modules need it.
254
25520250515:
256	Commit 772258c89f28 changed the internal API between the nfscommon
257	and nfscl modules.  Both need to be built from updated sources.
258
25920250513:
260	The bridge(4) sysctl net.link.bridge.member_ifaddrs now defaults to 0,
261	meaning that interfaces added to a bridge may not have IP addresses
262	assigned.  Refer to bridge(4) for more information.
263
26420250507:
265	UMASS quirks and auto-quirk probing has been overhauled. CAM now won't
266	send SYNCHRONIZE CACHE unless MODE PAGE 8 is present and valid. This
267	should allow more devices to work (since the auto quirk code was updated
268	in 14 and broke several e-readers and the like). Please send imp@freebsd.org
269	any regression reports.
270
27120250504:
272	Commit 9419e086e1a3 changed the internal API between the nfscommon
273	and nfscl modules.  Both need to be built from updated sources.
274
27520250412:
276	LinuxKPI alloc routines were changed to return physically contiguous
277	memory where expected. These changes may require out-of-tree drivers
278	to be recompiled.
279	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1500037 to be able to detect this change.
280
28120250409:
282	Intel iwlwifi firmware has been removed from the src repository.
283	Before updating their system, users of iwlwifi(4) or iwx(4) must
284	install the appropriate firmware for their chipset using fwget(8) or
285	building it from ports.
286
28720250314:
288	We now use LLVM's binary utilities (nm, objcopy, etc.) by default.
289	The WITHOUT_LLVM_BINUTILS src.conf(5) knob can be used to revert to
290	ELF Tool Chain tools if desired.
291
29220250303:
293	Commit 4a77657cbc01 changed the ABI between ipfw(8) and ipfw(4).
294	Please note that the old ipfw(8) binary will not work with the new
295	ipfw(4) module. Therefore, it is recommended to disable ipfw during
296	the upgrade, otherwise the host system may become inaccessible because
297	ipfw rules cannot be installed with the old binary.
298
29920250214:
300	Commit 4517fbfd4251 modified the internal API between the
301	nfscommon and nfscl modules.  As such, both of these modules
302	need to be rebuilt from sources.
303
30420250201:
305	The NFS related daemons, that provide RPC services to the kernel:
306	gssd(8), rpcbind(8), rpc.tlsservd(8) and rpc.tlsclntd(8), now use a
307	different transport - netlink(4) socket instead of unix(4).  Users of
308	NFS need to upgrade both kernel and world (binaries and libc) at once.
309	Also, any revision between 88cd1e17a7d8 and 99e5a70046da should be
310	avoided.
311
31220250129:
313	Defer the January 19, 2038 date limit in UFS1 filesystems to
314	February 7, 2106. This affects only UFS1 format filesystems.
315	See commit message 1111a44301da for details.
316
31720250127:
318	The Allwinner a10_timer driver has been renamed to aw_driver. If you
319	have a custom kernel configuration including the line 'device
320	a10_timer', it must be adjusted to 'device aw_timer'. The same applies
321	for device exclusions with 'nodevice'.
322
32320250106:
324	A new SOC_ROCKCHIP options appeared, so if you have a custom kernel configuration
325	targetting Rockchip SoC you need to add it so shared and mandatory drivers for
326	this SoC familly will be selected.
327	Also a new rk8xx device was added, this select the base driver for Rockchip PMIC.
328
32920241223:
330	The layout of NFS file handles for the tarfs, tmpfs, cd9660, and ext2fs
331	file systems has changed.  An NFS server that exports any of these file
332	systems will need its clients to unmount and remount the exports.
333
33420241216:
335	The iwm(4) firmwares are no longer compiled as kernel modules but instead
336	shipped as raw files. For pkgbase users if you use iwm(4) you will need
337	to install the FreeBSD-firmware-iwm package.
338
33920241124:
340	The OpenBSD derived bc and dc implementations and the WITHOUT_GH_BC
341	option that allowed building them instead of the advanced version
342	imported more than 4 years ago have been removed.
343
34420241107:
345	The ng_ubt(4) driver now requires firmwares to be loaded on Realtek
346	adaptors with rtlbtfw(8) utility. It no longer attaches to devices
347	standing in bootloader mode. Firmware files are available in the
348	comms/rtlbt-firmware port.
349
35020241025:
351	The support for the rc_fast_and_loose variable has been removed from
352	rc.subr(8). Users setting rc_fast_and_loose on their systems are
353	advised to make sure their customizations to rc service scripts
354	do not depend on having a single shell environment shared across
355	all the rc service scripts during booting and shutdown.
356
35720241013:
358	The ciss driver was updated to cope better with hotplug events that
359	caused it to panic before, and to support more than 48 drives attached
360	to the card. These changes were made w/o benefit of hardware for testing
361	and ciss(4) users should be on the lookout for regressions.
362
36320240729:
364	The build now defaults to WITHOUT_CLEAN - i.e., no automatic clean
365	is performed at the beginning of buildworld or buildkernel.  The
366	WITH_CLEAN src.conf(5) knob can be used to restore the previous
367	behaviour.
368
369	If you encounter incremental build issues, please report them to the
370	freebsd-current mailing list so that a special-case dependency can be
371	added, if necessary.
372
37320240715:
374	We now lean more heavily on ACPI enumeration for some traditional
375	devices. uart has moved from isa to acpi so the hints act as wiring
376	instead of device enumeration. Hints for parallel port, floppy, etc
377	have been removed.  Before upgrading, grep your dmesg for lines like:
378		uart1: non-PNP ISA device will be removed from GENERIC in FreeBSD 15.
379	to see if you need to start including hints for the device on isa
380	in your loader.conf or device.hints file. APU1 (but not APU2) boards
381	are known to be affected, but there may be others.
382
38320240712:
384	Support for armv6 has been disconnected and is being removed.
385
38620240617:
387	ifconfig now treats IPv4 addresses without a width or mask as an error.
388	Specify the desired mask or width along with the IP address on the
389	ifconfig command line and in rc.conf.
390
39120240428:
392	OpenBSM auditing runtime (auditd, etc.) has been moved into the new
393	package FreeBSD-audit.  If you use OpenBSM auditing and pkgbase, you
394	should install FreeBSD-audit.
395
39620240424:
397	cron, lpr, and ntpd have been moved from FreeBSD-utilities into their
398	own packages.  If you use pkgbase, you should install the relevant
399	packages: FreeBSD-cron, FreeBSD-lp, or FreeBSD-ntp.
400
40120240406:
402	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
403	been upgraded to 18.1.6. It is important that you run `make delete-old`
404	as described in the COMMON ITEMS section, otherwise several libc++
405	headers that are obsolete and need to be removed can cause compilation
406	errors in C++ programs.
407
40820240205:
409	For dynamically linked programs, system calls are now made from
410	libsys rather than libc.  No change in linkage is required as
411	libsys is an auxiliary filter for libc.  People building custom
412	images must ensure that libsys.so.7 is included.
413
41420240202:
415	Loader now also read configuration files listed in local_loader_conf_files.
416	Files listed here are the last ones read. And /boot/loader.conf.local was
417	moved from loader_conf_files to local_loader_conf_files leaving only
418	loader.conf and device.hints in loader_conf_files by default.
419
420	The following sequencing is applied:
421
422	1. Bootstrap:
423	    /boot/defaults/loader.conf
424
425	2. Read loader_conf_files files:
426	    /boot/device.hints
427	    /boot/loader.conf
428
429	3. Read loader_conf_dirs files:
430	    /boot/loader.conf.d/*.conf
431
432	4. And finally, rread local_loader_conf_files files:
433	    /boot/loader.conf.local
434
43520240201:
436	sendmail 8.18.1 has been imported and merged.  This version enforces
437	stricter RFC compliance by default, especially with respect to line
438	endings.  This may cause issues with receiving messages from
439	non-compliant MTAs; please see the first 8.18.1 release note in
440	contrib/sendmail/RELEASE_NOTES for mitigations.
441
44220240111:
443	Commit cc760de2183f changed the internal interface between
444	the nfscommon and nfscl modules.  As such, both need to be
445	rebuilt from sources.  Therefore, __FreeBSD_version was
446	bumped to 1500010.
447
44820231120:
449	If you have an arm64 system that uses ACPI, you will need to update your
450	loader.efi in the ESP when you update past this point.  Detection of ACPI
451	was moved earlier in the binary so the scripts could use it, but old
452	binaries don't have this, so we default to 'no ACPI' in this case. You can
453	undisable ACPI by doing
454		OK unset hint.acpi.0.disabled
455	This can also be used to recover any other system that was updated in the
456	small window where amd64 was also broken.
457
45820231113:
459	The WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD option has been removed.  When LLD is enabled
460	it is always installed as /usr/bin/ld.
461
46220231027:
463	Forward compatibility (running the new code on old kernels) for the
464	"ino64" project have been removed. The need for it has passed long ago.
465
46620231018:
467	Commit 57ce37f9dcd0 changed the internal KAPI between the
468	nfscommon and nfscl modules.  Both must be rebuilt from sources.
469
47020231010:
471	dialog(1) has been replaced in base by bsddialog(1), while most of the
472	time replacing a dialog(1) call by a bsddialog(1) call works out of the
473	box, bsddialog(1) is not considered as a drop-in replacement for
474	dialog(1).
475
476	If you do depend on dialog(1) functionality, please install cdialog
477	from ports:
478
479	pkg install cdialog
480
48120230927:
482	The EARLY_AP_STARTUP kernel option is mandatory on x86.  The option
483	has been added to DEFAULTS, so it should automatically be included in
484	custom kernel configurations without any additional change.
485
48620230922:
487	A new loader tunable net.pf.default_to_drop allows pf(4)’s default
488	behaviour to be changed from pass to drop. Previously this required
489	recompiling the kernel with the option PF_DEFAULT_TO_DROP.
490
49120230914:
492	Enable splitting out pkgbase manpages into separate packages by
493	default. To disable this, set WITHOUT_MANSPLITPKG=yes in src.conf.
494
49520230911:
496	Move standard include files to the clibs-dev package and move clang
497	internal libraries and headers to clang and clang-dev. Upgrading systems
498	installed using pkgbase past this change involves extra steps to allow
499	for these file moves:
500
501		pkg upgrade -y FreeBSD-utilities
502		pkg upgrade -y FreeBSD-utilities-dev
503		pkg upgrade -y
504
50520230909:
506	Enable vnet sysctl variables to be loader tunable. SYSCTLs which
507	belongs to VNETs can be initialized during early boot or module
508	loading if they are marked with CTLFLAG_TUN and there are
509	corresponding kernel environment variables.
510
51120230901:
512	The WITH_INIT_ALL_PATTERN and WITH_INIT_ALL_ZERO build options have
513	been replaced by INIT_ALL=pattern and INIT_ALL=zero respectively.
514
51520230824:
516	FreeBSD 15.0-CURRENT.
517
51820230817:
519	Serial communication (in boot loaders, kernel, and userland) has
520	been changed to default to 115200 bps, in line with common industry
521	practice and typcial firmware serial console redirection
522	configuration.
523
524	Note that the early x86 BIOS bootloader (i.e., boot0sio) does not
525	support rates above 9600 bps and is not changed. boot0sio users may
526	set BOOT_COMCONSOLE_SPEED=9600 to use 9600 for all of the boot
527	components, or use the standard boot0 and have the boot2 stage start
528	with the serial port at 115200.
529
53020230807:
531	Following the general removal of MIPS support, the ath(4) AHB bus-
532	frontend has been removed, too, and building of the PCI support is
533	integrated with the ath(4) main module again. As a result, there's
534	no longer a need for if_ath_pci_load="YES" in /boot/loader.conf or
535	"device ath_pci" in the kernel configuration.
536
53720230803:
538	MAXCPU has been increased to 1024 in the amd64 GENERIC kernel config.
539	Out-of-tree kernel modules will need to be rebuilt.
540
54120230724:
542	CAM has been mechanically updated s/u_int(64|32|16|8)_t/uint\1_t/g
543	to move to the standard uintXX_t types from the old, traditional
544	BSD u_intXX_t types. This should be a NOP, but may cause problems
545	for out of tree changes. The SIMs were not updated since most of
546	the old u_intXX_t uses weren't due to CAM interfaces.
547
54820230713:
549	stable/14 branch created.
550
55120230629:
552	The heuristic for detecting old chromebooks with an EC bug that requires
553	atkbdc driver workarounds has changed. There should be no functional
554	change, but if your old chromebook's keyboard stops working, please
555	file a PR and assign it to imp.
556
55720230623:
558	OpenSSL has been updated to version 3.0, including changes throughout
559	the base system.  It is important to rebuild third-party software
560	after upgrading.
561
56220230619:
563	To enable pf rdr rules for connections initiated from the host, pf
564	filter rules can be optionally enabled for packets delivered
565	locally. This can change the behavior of rules which match packets
566	delivered to lo0. To enable this feature:
567
568		sysctl net.pf.filter_local=1
569		service pf restart
570
571	When enabled, its best to ensure that packets delivered locally are not
572	filtered, e.g. by adding a 'skip on lo' rule.
573
57420230613:
575	Improvements to libtacplus(8) mean that tacplus.conf(5) now
576	follows POSIX shell syntax rules. This may cause TACACS+
577	authentication to fail if the shared secret contains a single
578	quote, double quote, or backslash character which isn't
579	already properly quoted or escaped.
580
58120230612:
582	Belatedly switch the default nvme block device on x86 from nvd to nda.
583	nda created nvd compatibility links by default, so this should be a
584	nop. If this causes problems for your application, set hw.nvme.use_nvd=1
585	in your loader.conf or add `options NVME_USE_NVD=1` to your kernel
586	config. To disable the nvd compatibility aliases, add
587	kern.cam.nda.nvd_compat=0 to loader.conf.  The default has been nda on
588	all non-x86 platforms for some time now. If you need to fall back,
589	please email imp@freebsd.org about why.
590
591	Encrypted swap partitions need to be changed from nvd to nda if you
592	migrate, or you need to use the above to switch back to nvd.
593
59420230422:
595	Remove portsnap(8).  Users are encouraged to obtain the ports tree
596	using git instead.
597
59820230420:
599	Add jobs.mk to save typing. Enables -j${JOB_MAX} and logging
600	eg.
601		make buildworld-jobs
602	runs
603		make -j${JOB_MAX} buildworld > ../buildworld.log 2>&1
604
605	where JOB_MAX is derrived from ncpus in local.sys.mk if not set in env.
606
60720230316:
608	Video related devices for some arm devices have been renamed.
609	If you have a custom kernel config and want to use hdmi output on
610	IMX6 board you need to add "device dwc_hdmi" "device imx6_hdmi" and
611	"device imx6_ipu" to it.
612	If you have a custom kernel config and want to use hdmi output on
613	TI AM335X board you need to add "device tda19988" to it.
614	If you add "device hdmi" in it you need to remove it as it doesn't
615	exist anymore.
616
61720230221:
618	Introduce new kernel options KBD_DELAY1 and KBD_DELAY2. See atkbdc(4)
619	for details.
620
62120230206:
622	sshd now defaults to having X11Forwarding disabled, following upstream.
623	Administrators who wish to enable X11Forwarding should add
624	`X11Forwarding yes` to /etc/ssh/sshd_config.
625
62620230204:
627	Since commit 75d41cb6967 Huawei 3G/4G LTE Mobile Devices do not default
628	to ECM, but NCM mode and need u3g and ucom modules loaded. See cdce(4).
629
63020230130:
631	As of commit 7c40e2d5f685, the dependency on netlink(4) has been added
632	to the linux_common(4) module. Users relying on linux_common may need
633	to complile netlink(4) module if it is not present in their kernel.
634
63520230126:
636	The WITHOUT_CXX option has been removed. C++ components in the base
637	system are now built unconditionally.
638
63920230113:
640	LinuxKPI pci.h changes may require out-of-tree drivers to be recompiled.
641	Bump _FreeBSD_version to 1400078 to be able to detect this change.
642
64320221212:
644	llvm-objump is now always installed as objdump.  Previously there was
645	no /usr/bin/objdump unless the WITH_LLVM_BINUTILS knob was used.
646
647	Some LLVM objdump options have a different output format compared to
648	GNU objdump; readelf is available for inspecting ELF files, and GNU
649	objdump is available from the devel/binutils port or package.
650
65120221205:
652	dma(8) has replaced sendmail(8) as the default mta.  For people willing
653	to reenable sendmail(8):
654
655	$ cp /usr/share/examples/sendmail/mailer.conf /etc/mail/mailer.conf
656
657	and add sendmail_enable="YES" to rc.conf.
658
65920221204:
660	hw.bus.disable_failed_devices has changed from 'false' to 'true' by
661	default. Now if newbus succeeds in probing a device, but fails to attach
662	the device, we'll disable the device. In the past, we'd keep retrying
663	the device on each new driver loaded. To get that behavior now, one
664	needs to use devctl to re-enable the device, and reprobe it (or set
665	the sysctl/tunable hw.bus.disable_failed_devices=false).
666
667	NOTE: This was reverted 20221205 due to unexpected compatibility issues
668
66920221122:
670	pf no longer accepts 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'.
671	These configurations are no longer automatically reinterpreted as
672	'scrub fragment reassemble'.
673
67420221121:
675	The WITHOUT_CLANG_IS_CC option has been removed.  When Clang is enabled
676	it is always installed as /usr/bin/cc (and c++, cpp).
677
67820221026:
679	Some programs have been moved into separate packages. It is recommended
680	for pkgbase users to do:
681
682	pkg install FreeBSD-dhclient FreeBSD-geom FreeBSD-resolvconf \
683	  FreeBSD-devd FreeBSD-devmatch
684
685	after upgrading to restore all the component that were previously
686	installed.
687
68820221002:
689	OPIE has been removed from the base system.  If needed, it can
690	be installed from ports (security/opie) or packages (opie).
691	Otherwise, make sure that your PAM policies do not reference
692	pam_opie or pam_opieaccess.
693
69420220610:
695	LinuxKPI pm.h changes require an update to the latest drm-kmod version
696	before re-compiling to avoid errors.
697
69820211230:
699	The macros provided for the manipulation of CPU sets (e.g. CPU_AND)
700	have been modified to take 2 source arguments instead of only 1.
701	Externally maintained sources that use these macros will have to
702	be adapted. The FreeBSD version has been bumped to 1400046 to
703	reflect this change.
704
70520211214:
706	A number of the kernel include files are able to be included by
707	themselves.  A test has been added to buildworld to enforce this.
708
70920211209:
710	Remove mips as a recognized target. This starts the decommissioning of
711	mips support in FreeBSD. mips related items will be removed wholesale in
712	the coming days and weeks.
713
714	This broke the NO_CLEAN build for some people. Either do a clean build
715	or touch
716		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/Targets.def
717		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/AsmParsers.def
718		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/Disassemblers.def
719		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/AsmPrinters.def
720	before the build to force everything to rebuild that needs to.
721
72220211202:
723	Unbound support for RFC8375: The special-use domain 'home.arpa' is
724	by default blocked. To unblock it use a local-zone nodefault
725	statement in unbound.conf:
726		local-zone: "home.arpa." nodefault
727
728	Or use another type of local-zone to override with your choice.
729
730	The reason for this is discussed in Section 6.1 of RFC8375:
731	Because 'home.arpa.' is not globally scoped and cannot be secured
732	using DNSSEC based on the root domain's trust anchor, there is no way
733	to tell, using a standard DNS query, in which homenet scope an answer
734	belongs.  Consequently, users may experience surprising results with
735	such names when roaming to different homenets.
736
73720211110:
738	Commit b8d60729deef changed the TCP congestion control framework so
739	that any of the included congestion control modules could be
740	the single module built into the kernel. Previously newreno
741	was automatically built in through direct reference. As of
742	this commit you are required to declare at least one congestion
743	control module (e.g. 'options CC_NEWRENO') and to also declare a
744	default using the CC_DEFAULT option (e.g. options CC_DEFAULT="newreno\").
745	The GENERIC configuration includes CC_NEWRENO and defines newreno
746	as the default. If no congestion control option is built into the
747	kernel and you are including networking, the kernel compile will
748	fail. Also if no default is declared the kernel compile will fail.
749
75020211118:
751	Mips has been removed from universe builds. It will be removed from the
752	tree shortly.
753
75420211106:
755	Commit f0c9847a6c47 changed the arguments for VOP_ALLOCATE.
756	The NFS modules must be rebuilt from sources and any out
757	of tree file systems that implement their own VOP_ALLOCATE
758	may need to be modified.
759
76020211022:
761	The synchronous PPP kernel driver sppp(4) has been removed.
762	The cp(4) and ce(4) drivers are now always compiled with netgraph(4)
763	support, formerly enabled by NETGRAPH_CRONYX option.
764
76520211020:
766	sh(1) is now the default shell for the root user.  To force root to use
767	the csh shell, please run the following command as root:
768
769	# chsh -s csh
770
77120211004:
772	Ncurses distribution has been split between libtinfow and libncurses
773	with libncurses.so becoming a linker (ld) script to seamlessly link
774	to libtinfow as needed. Bump _FreeBSD_version to 1400035 to reflect
775	this change.
776
77720210923:
778	As of commit 8160a0f62be6, the dummynet module no longer depends on the
779	ipfw module. Dummynet can now be used by pf as well as ipfw. As such
780	users who relied on this dependency may need to include ipfw in the
781	list of modules to load on their systems.
782
78320210922:
784	As of commit 903873ce1560, the mixer(8) utility has got a slightly
785	new syntax. Please refer to the mixer(8) manual page for more
786	information. The old mixer utility can be installed from ports:
787	audio/freebsd-13-mixer
788
78920210911:
790	As of commit 55089ef4f8bb, the global variable nfs_maxcopyrange has
791	been deleted from the nfscommon.ko.  As such, nfsd.ko must be built
792	from up to date sources to avoid an undefined reference when
793	being loaded.
794
79520210817:
796	As of commit 62ca9fc1ad56 OpenSSL no longer enables kernel TLS
797	by default.  Users can enable kernel TLS via the "KTLS" SSL
798	option.  This can be enabled globally by using a custom
799	OpenSSL config file via OPENSSL_CONF or via an
800	application-specific configuration option for applications
801	which permit setting SSL options via SSL_CONF_cmd(3).
802
80320210811:
804	Commit 3ad1e1c1ce20 changed the internal KAPI between the NFS
805	modules. Therefore, all need to be rebuilt from sources.
806
80720210730:
808	Commit b69019c14cd8 removes pf's DIOCGETSTATESNV ioctl.
809	As of be70c7a50d32 it is no longer used by userspace, but it does mean
810	users may not be able to enumerate pf states if they update the kernel
811	past b69019c14cd8 without first updating userspace past be70c7a50d32.
812
81320210729:
814	As of commit 01ad0c007964 if_bridge member interfaces can no longer
815	change their MTU. Changing the MTU of the bridge itself will change the
816	MTU on all member interfaces instead.
817
81820210716:
819	Commit ee29e6f31111 changed the internal KAPI between the nfscommon
820	and nfsd modules. Therefore, both need to be rebuilt from sources.
821	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400026 for this KAPI change.
822
82320210715:
824	The 20210707 awk update brought in a change in behavior. This has
825	been corrected as of d4d252c49976. Between these dates, if you
826	installed a new awk binary, you may not be able to build a new
827	kernel because the change in behavior affected the genoffset
828	script used to build the kernel. If you did update, the fix is
829	to update your sources past the above hash and do
830		% cd usr.bin/awk
831		% make clean all
832		% sudo -E make install
833	to enable building kernels again.
834
83520210708:
836	Commit 1e0a518d6548 changed the internal KAPI between the NFS
837	modules. They all need to be rebuilt from sources.  I did not
838	bump __FreeBSD_version, since it was bumped recently.
839
84020210707:
841	awk has been updated to the latest one-true-awk version 20210215.
842	This contains a number of minor bug fixes.
843
84420210624:
845	The NFSv4 client now uses the highest minor version of NFSv4
846	supported by the NFSv4 server by default instead of minor version 0,
847	for NFSv4 mounts.
848	The "minorversion" mount option may be used to override this default.
849
85020210618:
851	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400024 for LinuxKPI changes.
852	Most notably netdev.h can change now as the (last) dependencies
853	(mlx4/ofed) are now using struct ifnet directly, but also for PCI
854	additions and others.
855
85620210618:
857	The directory "blacklisted" under /usr/share/certs/ has been
858	renamed to "untrusted".
859
86020210611:
861	svnlite has been removed from base. Should you need svn for any reason
862	please install the svn package or port.
863
86420210611:
865	Commit e1a907a25cfa changed the internal KAPI between the krpc
866	and nfsserver.  As such, both modules must be rebuilt from
867	sources.  Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400022.
868
86920210610:
870	The an(4) driver has been removed from FreeBSD.
871
87220210608:
873	The vendor/openzfs branch was renamed to vendor/openzfs/legacy to
874	start tracking OpenZFS upstream more closely. Please see
875https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-current/2021-June/000153.html
876	for details on how to correct any errors that might result. The
877	short version is that you need to remove the old branch locally:
878	    git update-ref -d refs/remotes/freebsd/vendor/openzfs
879	(assuming your upstream origin is named 'freebsd').
880
88120210525:
882	Commits 17accc08ae15 and de102f870501 add new files to LinuxKPI
883	which break drm-kmod.  In addition various other additions where
884	committed. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400015 to be able to
885	detect this.
886
88720210513:
888	Commit ca179c4d74f2 changed the package in which the OpenSSL
889	libraries and utilities are packaged.
890	It is recommended for pkgbase user to do:
891	pkg install -f FreeBSD-openssl
892	before pkg upgrade otherwise some dependencies might not be met
893	and pkg will stop working as libssl will not be present anymore
894	on the system.
895
89620210426:
897	Commit 875977314881 changed the internal KAPI between
898	the nfsd and nfscommon modules.  As such these modules
899	need to be rebuilt from sources.
900	Without this patch in your NFSv4.1/4.2 server, enabling
901	delegations by setting vfs.nfsd.issue_delegations non-zero
902	is not recommended.
903
90420210411:
905	Commit 7763814fc9c2 changed the internal KAPI between
906	the krpc and NFS.  As such, the krpc, nfscommon and
907	nfscl modules must all be rebuilt from sources.
908	Without this patch, NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts should not
909	be done with the nfscbd(8) daemon running, to avoid
910	needing a working back channel for server->client RPCs.
911
91220210330:
913	Commit 01ae8969a9ee fixed the NFSv4.1/4.2 server so that it
914	handles binding of the back channel as required by RFC5661.
915	Until this patch is in your server, avoid use of the "nconnects"
916	mount option for Linux NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts.
917
91820210225:
919	For 64-bit architectures the base system is now built with Position
920	Independent Executable (PIE) support enabled by default.  It may be
921	disabled using the WITHOUT_PIE knob.  A clean build is required.
922
92320210128:
924	Various LinuxKPI functionality was added which conflicts with DRM.
925	Please update your drm-kmod port to after the __FreeBSD_version 1400003
926	update.
927
92820210121:
929	stable/13 branch created.
930
93120210108:
932	PC Card attachments for all devices have been removed. In the case of
933	wi and cmx, the entire drivers were removed because they were only
934	PC Card devices. FreeBSD_version 1300134 should be used for this
935	since it was bumped so recently.
936
93720210107:
938	Transport-independent parts of HID support have been split off the USB
939	code in to separate subsystem.  Kernel configs which include one of
940	ums, ukbd, uhid, atp, wsp, wmt, uaudio, ugold or ucycom drivers should
941	be updated with adding of "device hid" line.
942
94320210105:
944	ncurses installation has been modified to only keep the widechar
945	enabled version.  Incremental build is broken for that change, so it
946	requires a clean build.
947
94820201223:
949	The FreeBSD project has migrated from Subversion to Git. Temporary
950	instructions can be found at
951	https://github.com/bsdimp/freebsd-git-docs/blob/main/src-cvt.md
952	and other documents in that repo.
953
95420201216:
955	The services database has been updated to cover more of the basic
956	services expected in a modern system. The database is big enough
957	that it will cause issues in mergemaster in Releases previous to
958	12.2 and 11.3, or in very old current systems from before r358154.
959
96020201215:
961	Obsolete in-tree GDB 6.1.1 has been removed.  GDB (including kgdb)
962	may be installed from ports or packages.
963
96420201124:
965	ping6 has been merged into ping.  It can now be called as "ping -6".
966	See ping(8) for details.
967
96820201108:
969	Default value of net.add_addr_allfibs has been changed to 0.
970	If you have multi-fib configuration and rely on existence of all
971	interface routes in every fib, you need to set the above sysctl to 1.
972
97320201030:
974	The internal pre-processor in the calendar(1) program has been
975	extended to support more C pre-processor commands (e.g. #ifdef, #else,
976	and #undef) and to detect unbalanced conditional statements.
977	Error messages have been extended to include the filename and line
978	number if processing stops to help fixing malformed data files.
979
98020201026:
981	All the data files for the calendar(1) program, except calendar.freebsd,
982	have been moved to the deskutils/calendar-data port, much like the
983	jewish calendar entries were moved to deskutils/hebcal years ago. After
984	make delete-old-files, you need to install it to retain full
985	functionality. calendar(1) will issue a reminder for files it can't
986	find.
987
98820200923:
989	LINT files are no longer generated. We now include the relevant NOTES
990	files. Note: This may cause conflicts with updating in some cases.
991	        find sys -name LINT\* -delete
992	is suggested across this commit	to remove the generated	LINT files.
993
994	If you have tried to update with generated files there, the svn
995	command you want to un-auger the tree is
996		cd sys/amd64/conf
997		svn revert -R .
998	and then do the above find from the top level. Substitute 'amd64'
999	above with where the error message indicates a conflict.
1000
100120200824:
1002	OpenZFS support has been integrated. Do not upgrade root pools until
1003	the loader is updated to support zstd. Furthermore, we caution against
1004	'zpool upgrade' for the next few weeks. The change should be transparent
1005	unless you  want to use new features.
1006
1007	Not all "NO_CLEAN" build scenarios work across these changes. Many
1008	scenarios have been tested and fixed, but rebuilding kernels without
1009	rebuilding world may fail.
1010
1011	The ZFS cache file has moved from /boot to /etc to match the OpenZFS
1012	upstream default. A fallback to /boot has been added for mountroot.
1013
1014	Pool auto import behavior at boot has been moved from the kernel module
1015	to an explicit "zpool import -a" in one of the rc scripts enabled by
1016	zfs_enable=YES. This means your non-root zpools won't auto import until
1017	you upgrade your /etc/rc.d files.
1018
101920200824:
1020	The resume code now notifies devd with the 'kernel' system
1021	rather than the old 'kern' subsystem to be consistent with
1022	other use. The old notification will be created as well, but
1023	will be removed prior to FreeBSD 14.0.
1024
102520200821:
1026	r362275 changed the internal API between the kernel RPC and the
1027	NFS modules. As such, all the modules must be recompiled from
1028	sources.
1029
103020200817:
1031	r364330 modified the internal API used between the NFS modules.
1032	As such, all the NFS modules must be re-compiled from sources.
1033
103420200816:
1035	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
1036	been upgraded to 11.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
1037	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
1038	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1039
104020200810:
1041	r364092 modified the internal ABI used between the kernel NFS
1042	modules.  As such, all of these modules need to be rebuilt
1043	from sources, so a version bump was done.
1044
104520200807:
1046	Makefile.inc has been updated to work around the issue documented in
1047	20200729. It was a case where the optimization of using symbolic links
1048	to point to binaries created a situation where we'd run new binaries
1049	with old libraries starting midway through the installworld process.
1050
105120200729:
1052	r363679 has redefined some undefined behavior in regcomp(3); notably,
1053	extraneous escapes of most ordinary characters will no longer be
1054	accepted.  An exp-run has identified all of the problems with this in
1055	ports, but other non-ports software may need extra escapes removed to
1056	continue to function.
1057
1058	Because of this change, installworld may encounter the following error
1059	from rtld: Undefined symbol "regcomp@FBSD_1.6" -- It is imperative that
1060	you do not halt installworld. Instead, let it run to completion (whether
1061	successful or not) and run installworld once more.
1062
106320200627:
1064	A new implementation of bc and dc has been imported in r362681. This
1065	implementation corrects non-conformant behavior of the previous bc
1066	and adds GNU bc compatible options. It offers a number of extensions,
1067	is much faster on large values, and has support for message catalogs
1068	(a number of languages are already supported, contributions of further
1069	languages welcome). The option WITHOUT_GH_BC can be used to build the
1070	world with the previous versions of bc and dc.
1071
107220200625:
1073	r362639 changed the internal API used between the NFS kernel modules.
1074	As such, they all need to be rebuilt from sources.
1075
107620200613:
1077	r362158 changed the arguments for VFS_CHECKEXP().  As such, any
1078	out of tree file systems need to be modified and rebuilt.
1079	Also, any file systems that are modules must be rebuilt.
1080
108120200604:
1082	read(2) of a directory fd is now rejected by default.  root may
1083	re-enable it for system root only on non-ZFS filesystems with the
1084	security.bsd.allow_read_dir sysctl(8) MIB if
1085	security.bsd.suser_enabled=1.
1086
1087	It may be advised to setup aliases for grep to default to `-d skip` if
1088	commonly non-recursively grepping a list that includes directories and
1089	the potential for the resulting stderr output is not tolerable.  Example
1090	aliases are now installed, commented out, in /root/.cshrc and
1091	/root/.shrc.
1092
109320200523:
1094	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
1095	been upgraded to 10.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
1096	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
1097	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1098
109920200512:
1100	Support for obsolete compilers has been removed from the build system.
1101	Clang 6 and GCC 6.4 are the minimum supported versions.
1102
110320200424:
1104	closefrom(2) has been moved under COMPAT12, and replaced in libc with a
1105	stub that calls close_range(2).  If using a custom kernel configuration,
1106	you may want to ensure that the COMPAT_FREEBSD12 option is included, as
1107	a slightly older -CURRENT userland and older FreeBSD userlands may not
1108	be functional without closefrom(2).
1109
111020200414:
1111	Upstream DTS from Linux 5.6 was merged and they now have the SID
1112	and THS (Secure ID controller and THermal Sensor) node present.
1113	The DTB overlays have now been removed from the tree for the H3/H5 and
1114	A64 SoCs and the aw_sid and aw_thermal driver have been updated to
1115	deal with upstream DTS. If you are using those overlays you need to
1116	remove them from loader.conf and update the DTBs on the FAT partition.
1117
111820200310:
1119	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
1120	been upgraded to 10.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
1121	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
1122	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1123
112420200309:
1125	The amd(8) automount daemon has been removed from the source tree.
1126	As of FreeBSD 10.1 autofs(5) is the preferred tool for automounting.
1127	amd is still available in the sysutils/am-utils port.
1128
112920200301:
1130	Removed brooktree driver (bktr.4) from the tree.
1131
113220200229:
1133	The WITH_GPL_DTC option has been removed.  The BSD-licenced device tree
1134	compiler in usr.bin/dtc is used on all architectures which use dtc, and
1135	the GPL dtc is available (if needed) from the sysutils/dtc port.
1136
113720200229:
1138	The WITHOUT_LLVM_LIBUNWIND option has been removed.  LLVM's libunwind
1139	is used by all supported CPU architectures.
1140
114120200229:
1142	GCC 4.2.1 has been removed from the tree.  The WITH_GCC,
1143	WITH_GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and WITH_GNUCXX options are no longer available.
1144	Users who wish to build FreeBSD with GCC must use the external toolchain
1145	ports or packages.
1146
114720200220:
1148	ncurses has been updated to a newer version (6.2-20200215). Given the ABI
1149	has changed, users will have to rebuild all the ports that are linked to
1150	ncurses.
1151
115220200217:
1153	The size of struct vnet and the magic cookie have changed.
1154	Users need to recompile libkvm and all modules using VIMAGE
1155	together with their new kernel.
1156
115720200212:
1158	Defining the long deprecated NO_CTF, NO_DEBUG_FILES, NO_INSTALLLIB,
1159	NO_MAN, NO_PROFILE, and NO_WARNS variables is now an error.  Update
1160	your Makefiles and scripts to define MK_<var>=no instead as required.
1161
1162	One exception to this is that program or library Makefiles should
1163	define MAN to empty rather than setting MK_MAN=no.
1164
116520200108:
1166	Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler and LLD the default
1167	linker for riscv64.
1168
116920200107:
1170	make universe no longer uses GCC 4.2.1 on any architectures.
1171	Architectures not supported by in-tree Clang/LLVM require an
1172	external toolchain package.
1173
117420200104:
1175	GCC 4.2.1 is now not built by default, as part of the GCC 4.2.1
1176	retirement plan.  Specifically, the GCC, GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and GNUCXX
1177	options default to off for all supported CPU architectures.  As a
1178	short-term transition aid they may be enabled via WITH_* options.
1179	GCC 4.2.1 is expected to be removed from the tree on 2020-03-31.
1180
118120200102:
1182	Support for armv5 has been disconnected and is being removed. The
1183	machine combination MACHINE=arm MACHINE_ARCH=arm is no longer valid.
1184	You must now use a MACHINE_ARCH of armv6 or armv7. The default
1185	MACHINE_ARCH for MACHINE=arm is now armv7.
1186
118720191226:
1188	Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler for all powerpc architectures.
1189	LLD is now the default linker for powerpc64.  The change for powerpc64
1190	also includes a change to the ELFv2 ABI, incompatible with the existing
1191	ABI.
1192
119320191226:
1194	Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are no longer unloadable.
1195
119620191222:
1197	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
1198	been upgraded to 9.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
1199	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
1200	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1201
120220191212:
1203	r355677 has modified the internal interface used between the
1204	NFS modules in the kernel. As such, they must all be upgraded
1205	simultaneously. I will do a version bump for this.
1206
120720191205:
1208	The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
1209	imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
1210	utility.  If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
1211	with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
1212	differences between those included in the port and those included in
1213	base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
1214	frequency.  Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
1215	format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
1216
121720191120:
1218	The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be
1219	removed in the future.  As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available
1220	for automounting.
1221
122220191107:
1223	The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
1224	If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
1225	you should add device superio to it.  If you use one of these drivers
1226	as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
1227	add superio to the set.
1228
122920191021:
1230	KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed.
1231	Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel.
1232
123320191021:
1234	The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of
1235	already created /dev/tapNN devices.  Access is still controlled by
1236	node permissions, just like tun devices.  The net.link.tap.user_open
1237	sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of
1238	tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not
1239	in the appropriate group.  This sysctl may be deprecated/removed
1240	completely in the future.
1241
124220191009:
1243	mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of
1244	universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If
1245	not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for
1246	the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe
1247	builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they
1248	will be removed from the list.
1249
125020191009:
1251	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
1252	been upgraded to 9.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
1253	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
1254	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1255
125620191003:
1257	The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
1258	GENERIC.  They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
1259	to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
1260	hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
1261
126220190913:
1263	ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
1264	to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
1265	historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
1266	to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
1267
126820190823:
1269	Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
1270	with ping.  If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
1271	scripts.  See ping6(8) for details.
1272
127320190727:
1274	The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
1275	and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
1276	been removed from mount_fusefs(8).  You can safely remove them from
1277	your scripts, because they had no effect.
1278
1279	The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
1280	vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
1281	vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
1282	sysctls have been removed.  If you felt the need to set any of them to
1283	a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
1284
128520190713:
1286	Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
1287	rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
1288	because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
1289	world-readable.  If the /var/account directory must be created by
1290	rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750.  Admins who use the
1291	accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
1292	/var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
1293
129420190620:
1295	Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
1296	components.  The "device random" option has been removed.
1297	Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
1298	with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
1299
130020190612:
1301	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
1302	been upgraded to 8.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
1303	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
1304	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1305
130620190608:
1307	A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
1308	dpcpu or vnet.  Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
1309	having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
1310
131120190513:
1312	User-wired pages now have their own counter,
1313	vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count.  The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
1314	to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
1315	long.  bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
1316	wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
1317	avoid running into the limit.
1318
131920190507:
1320	The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC.  Users requiring
1321	ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
1322
132320190507:
1324	The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
1325	renamed to tuntap.  You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
1326	kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
1327	if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
1328	module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
1329	config files to select the tuntap device instead.
1330
133120190418:
1332	The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
1333	safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
1334	entropy:
1335
1336	kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
1337	non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
1338	block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
1339	For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
1340	availability properties.
1341
1342	kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
1343	read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
1344	read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
1345	initial condition, if desired.
1346
1347	kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
1348	Similar to the above, but for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
1349
1350	kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
1351	non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
1352	met as for the diagnostic sysctls above.  Defaults to zero, i.e.,
1353	produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
1354
135520190416:
1356	The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
1357	routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
1358	method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
1359	therefore unblocked).
1360
136120190404:
1362	r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
1363	built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
1364	r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
1365	is added to the command line.
1366	nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
1367	not affected and should continue to work.
1368
136920190320:
1370	The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
1371	other filesystems.  You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
1372	/etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
1373	"options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
1374
137520190304:
1376	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1377	8.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1378	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1379	or higher.
1380
138120190226:
1382	geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz.  If geom_uzip is statically
1383	compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
1384	kernel config.
1385
138620190219:
1387	drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
1388	https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
1389	migrating to the drm ports.
1390
139120190131:
1392	Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel.  Drivers
1393	using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
1394	the 'device iflib' config option.  For the same drivers loaded as
1395	modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
1396	is loaded automatically.
1397
139820190125:
1399	The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
1400	options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
1401	nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
1402	kernel config files.
1403
140420181230:
1405	r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
1406	the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
1407	specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
1408	'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
1409
141020181220:
1411	r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
1412	in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3.  This implies that NFSv4
1413	servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
1414	from clients using a reserved port. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
1415	NFSv4 clients use reserved ports by default, this should not affect
1416	most NFSv4 mounts.
1417
141820181219:
1419	The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
1420	kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
1421	to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
1422
1423	The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
1424	the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
1425
1426	The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
1427	removed from the mips port.
1428
142920181211:
1430	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1431	7.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1432	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1433	or higher.
1434
143520181211:
1436	Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree.  Setting
1437	the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
1438
143920181126:
1440	On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
1441	linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
1442	it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use.  Users needing
1443	GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
1444
144520181123:
1446	The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
1447	had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
1448	by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
1449
145020181115:
1451	The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
1452	has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
1453	FreeBSD-13.  It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
1454	FreeBSD versions.
1455
145620181110:
1457	The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
1458	files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
1459	the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
1460
1461	You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
1462	this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
1463	being included using the command:
1464		$ newsyslog -Nrv
1465
146620181019:
1467	Stable/12 was branched created.
1468
146920181015:
1470	Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
1471	just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
1472	drm-legacy-kmod.
1473
1474	Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
1475	drm-kmod.  For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
1476	to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
1477	than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
1478	only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
1479	market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
1480	have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
1481	that as you will get better support.
1482
1483	Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
1484	elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
1485	soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
1486	asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
1487
1488	Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
1489	WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
1490	cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
1491	loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
1492	shortly.
1493
149420181012:
1495	The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4).  As a consequence,
1496	custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
1497	accordingly.  Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
1498	system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
1499	be adjusted as necessary.
1500
150120181009:
1502	OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1.  This update included
1503	additional various API changes throughout the base system.  It is
1504	important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading.  The value
1505	of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
1506
150720181006:
1508	The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
1509	module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
1510	The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
1511	'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
1512	encouraged.
1513
151420181002:
1515	The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
1516	powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
1517	loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
1518	driver.  Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
1519	nda device name.
1520
152120180913:
1522	Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
1523	FreeBSD 12.0.  This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
1524	host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
1525	corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
1526	The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
1527	knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
1528
152920180826:
1530	The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
1531	supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
1532	default since FreeBSD-11.
1533
153420180822:
1535	devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
1536	updated to use them and devmatch has been changed.  You should update
1537	kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
1538
153920180818:
1540	The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
1541	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
1542	interpreter.  If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
1543	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
1544	src.conf for the build.  This will create default hard links between
1545	loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
1546	If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
1547
1548	bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
1549	regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
1550
155120180815:
1552	ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
1553	systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
1554	supported and desired.  If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
1555	be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
1556	environment, or using `ls --color=never`.  The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
1557	may not be observed in a future release.
1558
155920180808:
1560	The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less".  To
1561	restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
1562	your environment.
1563
156420180731:
1565	The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
1566	is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
1567	driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
1568	in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
1569
157020180730:
1571	amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
1572	This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
1573	EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
1574	has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
1575	runtime services.
1576
157720180727:
1578	Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
1579	support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
1580	obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
1581
158220180723:
1583	loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
1584	UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
1585	BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
1586	or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
1587	efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
1588
158920180720:
1590	zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
1591	zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
1592	boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
1593	hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
1594	until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
1595	zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
1596
159720180719:
1598	ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
1599	on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
1600	setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
1601	boot_serial=YES
1602	boot_multicons=YES
1603	in /boot/loader.conf
1604	For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
1605	an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
1606	u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
1607
160820180719:
1609	New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123).  Be sure to run mergemaster
1610	or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
1611	existing systems.  Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
1612	installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
1613	of this document.  Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
1614	if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
1615	the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
1616	When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
1617	still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
1618	taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
1619	by the ntpd user.
1620
162120180717:
1622	Big endian arm support has been removed.
1623
162420180711:
1625	The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
1626	exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default.  In order to
1627	restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
1628	environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
1629	loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
1630
163120180705:
1632	The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
1633	netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
1634	64-bit kernels without modification.  These programs will need
1635	to match the kernel in order to function.  External programs may
1636	require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
1637	structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
1638
163920180702:
1640	On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
1641	atomics will need to be rebuilt.
1642
164320180701:
1644	The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
1645	core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
1646	debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
1647	index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
1648	only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
1649	Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
1650	index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
1651
165220180630:
1653	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1654	6.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1655	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1656	or higher.
1657
165820180628:
1659	r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
1660	needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
1661	and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
1662	file.
1663
166420180612:
1665	r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
1666	need to be rebuilt.  r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
1667
166820180530:
1669	As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
1670	as /usr/bin/ld.  Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
1671	longer necessary.
1672
167320180530:
1674	The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
1675	need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
1676	lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
1677	not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
1678
167920180523:
1680	The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
1681	threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
1682	and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
1683	later than r334108.
1684
168520180517:
1686	The vxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was introduced into
1687	HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
1688	known to be used.  If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
1689	it must be removed.
1690
169120180510:
1692	The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
1693	working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
1694	on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
1695	it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
1696	way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
1697	binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
1698	will go away.
1699
1700	NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
1701	workaround is necessary.
1702
170320180508:
1704	The nxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for PCI-X 10g
1705	cards made by s2io/Neterion.  The company was acquired by Exar and
1706	no longer sells or supports Ethernet products.  If you have device
1707	nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
1708
170920180504:
1710	The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e.  This version more
1711	correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
1712	Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
1713	Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017).  This does not affect the UT offsets, only
1714	time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
1715
171620180502:
1717	The ixgb(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for an early and
1718	uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
1719	quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family.  If you have device
1720	ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
1721
172220180501:
1723	The lmc(4) driver has been removed.  This was a WAN interface
1724	card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
1725	license.  If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
1726	be removed.
1727
172820180413:
1729	Support for Arcnet networks has been removed.  If you have device
1730	arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
1731	removed.
1732
173320180411:
1734	Support for FDDI networks has been removed.  If you have device
1735	fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
1736	removed.
1737
173820180406:
1739	In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
1740	syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
1741	log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
1742	may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
1743	microseconds and time zone offsets.
1744
1745	Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
1746	send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
1747	daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
1748	negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
1749	updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
1750	logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
1751	adjustments, depending on the software used.
1752
1753	When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
1754	input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
1755
1756		source src {
1757			unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
1758		}
1759
1760	When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
1761	of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
1762	regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
1763
1764		module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
1765
1766	Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
1767	applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
1768	store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
1769	remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
1770	purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
1771	future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
1772	thus expected to continue to function as before.
1773
1774	__FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
1775	change.
1776
177720180328:
1778	Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
1779	have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
1780	it. No device drivers supported token ring.
1781
178220180323:
1783	makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
1784	entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
1785	The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
1786	release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
1787	updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
1788	should be as simple as:
1789
1790		$ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
1791		$ make depend all install
1792
179320180212:
1794	FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
1795	now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
1796	Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
1797	complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
1798	thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
1799	provisions for backup boot methods.
1800
180120180211:
1802	devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
1803	load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
1804	to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
1805	imp@freebsd.org.
1806
180720180114:
1808	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1809	6.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1810	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1811	or higher.
1812
181320180110:
1814	LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
1815	This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
1816	executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
1817
1818	To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
1819	WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
1820
182120180110:
1822	On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
1823	into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
1824	still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
1825	remove it from kernel config files.
1826
182720180104:
1828	The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
1829	disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
1830	the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
1831
1832	This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
1833	net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
1834
183520180102:
1836	The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
1837	hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
1838	configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
1839	watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
1840
184120171215:
1842	r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
1843	r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
1844
184520171214:
1846	r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
1847	it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
1848	by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
1849	GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
1850
185120171125:
1852	PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
1853	installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
1854	changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
1855	successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
1856	root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
1857	Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
1858
185920171110:
1860	The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable has been renamed to
1861	WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
1862	to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
1863
186420171106:
1865	The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
1866	has been removed as of r325320.  The system call now returns EINVAL
1867	when used on a ZFS file.  Although the new behavior complies with the
1868	standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
1869	One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
1870
187120171102:
1872	Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
1873	directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
1874	'make obj' was not ran.  Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
1875	This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
1876	/etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
1877	environment.
1878
187920171101:
1880	The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
1881	builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
1882	/usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>.  This behavior can be changed to the old
1883	format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
1884	the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
1885	The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
1886	removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
1887	tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
1888	than hardcoding paths.
1889
189020171028:
1891	The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
1892	OBJDIR.  Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
1893	to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
1894
189520171021:
1896	As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
1897	options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
1898	to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
1899	shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
1900
190120171010:
1902	libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
1903	It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
1904
190520171005:
1906	The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
1907	a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
1908	and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
1909	MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
1910
191120171003:
1912	When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
1913	files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
1914	missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
1915	why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
1916	desired kernel was never built in the first place.
1917
191820170912:
1919	The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed.  This will
1920	affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
1921	or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers.  Users who
1922	require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
1923	/etc/ctl.conf .
1924
192520170912:
1926	For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
1927	binaries now always get their shared libraries from
1928	LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
1929	/usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
1930	soft-float everything else should be affected.
1931
193220170826:
1933	The geli password typed at boot is now hidden.  To restore the previous
1934	behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
1935
193620170825:
1937	Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
1938	sysctl values.  Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
1939	to complete.
1940
194120170814:
1942	"make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
1943	execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
1944	${TESTSDIR}.
1945
1946	Behavioral changes:
1947	- The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
1948	- ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
1949	- Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
1950	  WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
1951
1952	If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
1953	"make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
1954	sandbox if successful.
1955
1956	The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
1957	root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
1958	The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
1959	environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
1960	an unprivileged user.
1961
196220170808:
1963	Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
1964	unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
1965	the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
1966	moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
1967	Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
1968	will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
1969	created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
1970	created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
1971	foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
1972	starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
1973	to which you should answer yes.
1974
197520170728:
1976	As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
1977	Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
1978	owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
1979	the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
1980	machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
1981
198220170722:
1983	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
1984	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1985	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1986
198720170701:
1988	WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
1989	r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
1990
199120170625:
1992	The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t.  This is
1993	a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
1994	be careful when performing source upgrades.  It is best to run
1995	'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
1996	CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition.  Additionally, all ports
1997	must be recompiled.  powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
1998	of 32-bit compatibility.  All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
1999
200020170623:
2001	Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
2002	will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
2003	fashion.  This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
2004	upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
2005	the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
2006	enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
2007
200820170620:
2009	Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
2010	if you require the GPL compiler.
2011
201220170619:
2013	Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
2014	will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
2015	fashion.  This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
2016	upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
2017	the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
2018	enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
2019
202020170618:
2021	The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
2022	was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
2023	ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
2024
202520170617:
2026	The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
2027	member to 64bit and adding ext fields.  For upgrade, same
2028	precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
2029	followed.
2030
203120170531:
2032	The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
2033	which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
2034	from ports (and recommends to install it).
2035	To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
2036	heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
2037	via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
2038
203920170524:
2040	The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
2041	smaller runtime footprint builds.  This is useful for embedded systems
2042	which only require one chipset support.
2043
2044	If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
2045
2046	if_ath_load="YES"
2047
2048	This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
2049	If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
2050	if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
2051
2052	If you want to selectively load things (eg on cheaper ARM/MIPS
2053	platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
2054
2055	* load ath_hal
2056	* load the chip modules in question
2057	* load ath_rate, ath_dfs
2058	* load ath_main
2059	* load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
2060	  bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
2061
2062	For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
2063
206420170523:
2065	The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
2066	a number of types to 64 bits.  Upgrading in place requires care and
2067	adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
2068
2069	If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
2070	COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
2071	system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
2072
2073	For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
2074	artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*".  Then, carefully follow the full
2075	procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
2076	install it on the current system."  Specifically, a reboot is required
2077	after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
2078	installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
2079	the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
2080	upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
2081
208220170424:
2083	The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
2084	patm(4) devices has been removed.  Consumers should plan a
2085	migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
2086
208720170420:
2088	GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
2089	diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
2090	GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
2091
209220170413:
2093	As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
2094	keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
2095	documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
2096	This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
2097	and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
2098	To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
2099	keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
2100
210120170407:
2102	arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
2103	instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
2104	installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
2105	CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
2106
210720170405:
2108	The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
2109	net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted.  L2 broadcast
2110	packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
2111
211220170331:
2113	Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
2114	use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
2115	instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
2116
211720170329:
2118	The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
2119	cfiscsi.ko does instead.
2120
2121	If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
2122	via one of the following methods:
2123	- `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
2124	- Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
2125	- ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
2126	  (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
2127
2128	Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
2129
213020170316:
2131	The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
2132	Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
2133	same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
2134	missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
2135	with mmc.ko).
2136
213720170315:
2138	The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
2139	If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
2140	them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
2141	be prefixed with colon.
2142
214320170311:
2144	The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
2145	removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
2146	(sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
2147
214820170302:
2149	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
2150	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
2151	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
2152
215320170221:
2154	The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
2155	has been reimplemented.  It's not possible now to create a snapshot
2156	by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/.  That should be the only user visible
2157	change.
2158
215920170216:
2160	EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
2161	valid.
2162
216320170215:
2164	MCA bus support has been removed.
2165
216620170127:
2167	The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
2168	WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
2169
217020170112:
2171	The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
2172	the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
2173
217420170109:
2175	The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
2176	IFLIB.  If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
2177	but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
2178	configuration.
2179
218020161217:
2181	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
2182	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
2183	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
2184
218520161124:
2186	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
2187	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
2188	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
2189
219020161119:
2191	The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
2192	statistics at the front for all CPU variations.  libkvm(3) and all tools
2193	that link against it need to be recompiled.
2194
219520161030:
2196	isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
2197	chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
2198	On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
2199	device hints.  Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
2200
220120161017:
2202	The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
2203	rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
2204	parts.
2205	Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
2206	conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
2207
220820161015:
2209	GNU rcs has been removed from base.  It is available as packages:
2210	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
2211	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
2212	removed from base.
2213
221420161008:
2215	Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
2216	modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
2217	TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
2218
221920161003:
2220	The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
2221	ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
2222
222320160924:
2224	Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
2225	to use an extension of .pico instead.  The purpose of this change is
2226	to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
2227	systems.  On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
2228
222920160918:
2230	GNU rcs has been turned off by default.  It can (temporarily) be built
2231	again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
2232	Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
2233	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
2234	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
2235
223620160918:
2237	The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
2238
223920160908:
2240	The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
2241	two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
2242	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH.  Define both for the original
2243	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
2244
224520160824:
2246	r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
2247	programs and the kernel.  ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
2248	rebuilt to work with new kernels.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
2249	to 1200005.
2250
225120160818:
2252	The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
2253	packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
2254	broadcast packets.  It is not expected that this will affect any
2255	standards-conforming UDP application.  The new behaviour can be
2256	disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
2257	0.
2258
225920160818:
2260	Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
2261	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
2262
226320160708:
2264	The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
2265
2266After branch N is created, entries older than the N-2 branch point are removed
2267from this file. After stable/14 is branched and current becomes FreeBSD 15,
2268entries older than stable/12 branch point will be removed from current's
2269UPDATING file.
2270
2271COMMON ITEMS:
2272
2273	General Notes
2274	-------------
2275	Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
2276	poisoning.  This can happen because the make utility reads its
2277	environment when searching for values for global variables.  To run
2278	your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
2279	commands with 'env -i '.  See the env(1) manual page for more details.
2280	Occasionally a build failure will occur with "make -j" due to a race
2281	condition.  If this happens try building again without -j, and please
2282	report a bug if it happens consistently.
2283
2284	When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
2285	upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
2286	do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
2287	and has the highest probability of being successful.  Please try this
2288	approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade.  Since
2289	the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
2290	anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
2291	last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
2292	an exception.
2293
2294	The update process will emit an error on an attempt to perform a build
2295	or install from a FreeBSD version below the earliest supported version.
2296	When updating from an older version the update should be performed one
2297	major release at a time, including running `make delete-old` at each
2298	step.
2299
2300	When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
2301	installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
2302	around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
2303	starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
2304
2305	This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
2306	information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
2307	Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
2308	placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
2309	older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
2310	should write them with this in mind.
2311
2312	ZFS notes
2313	---------
2314	When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version (via zpool upgrade),
2315	always follow these three steps:
2316
2317	1) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
2318	(this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
2319
2320	2) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive (only required when
2321	doing a zpool upgrade):
2322
2323	When booting on x86 via BIOS, use the following to update the ZFS boot
2324	block on the freebsd-boot partition of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
2325		gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i $N ada0
2326	The value $N will typically be 1.  For EFI booting, see EFI notes.
2327
2328	3) zpool upgrade the root pool. New bootblocks will work with old
2329	pools, but not vice versa, so they need to be updated before any
2330	zpool upgrade.
2331
2332	Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
2333
2334	EFI notes
2335	---------
2336
2337	There are two locations the boot loader can be installed into. The
2338	current location (and the default) is \efi\freebsd\loader.efi and using
2339	efibootmgr(8) to configure it. The old location, that must be used on
2340	deficient systems that don't honor efibootmgr(8) protocols, is the
2341	fallback location of \EFI\BOOT\BOOTxxx.EFI. Generally, you will copy
2342	/boot/loader.efi to this location, but on systems installed a long time
2343	ago the ESP may be too small and /boot/boot1.efi may be needed unless
2344	the ESP has been expanded in the meantime.
2345
2346	Recent systems will have the ESP mounted on /boot/efi, but older ones
2347	may not have it mounted at all, or mounted in a different
2348	location. Older arm SD images with MBR used /boot/msdos as the
2349	mountpoint. The ESP is a MSDOS filesystem.
2350
2351	The EFI boot loader rarely needs to be updated. For ZFS booting,
2352	however, you must update loader.efi before you do 'zpool upgrade' the
2353	root zpool, otherwise the old loader.efi may reject the upgraded zpool
2354	since it does not automatically understand some new features.
2355
2356	See loader.efi(8) and uefi(8) for more details.
2357
2358	To build a kernel
2359	-----------------
2360	If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
2361	a few days old), you should follow this procedure.  It is the most
2362	failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
2363
2364	make kernel-toolchain
2365	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2366	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2367
2368	If you are running kernel modules from ports, see FOOTNOTE [1].
2369
2370	To test a kernel once
2371	---------------------
2372	If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
2373	if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
2374	debugging information) run
2375	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
2376	nextboot -k testkernel
2377
2378	To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
2379	-----------------------------------------------------------
2380	# Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
2381	# is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
2382
2383	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>		[2]
2384	make buildworld
2385	<make sure any needed PORTS_MODULES are set>	[1]
2386	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2387	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2388	<reboot in single user>				[3]
2389	etcupdate -p					[5]
2390	make installworld
2391	etcupdate -B					[4]
2392	make delete-old					[6]
2393	<reboot>
2394
2395	To cross-install current onto a separate partition
2396	--------------------------------------------------
2397	# In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
2398	# current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories.   A partition
2399	# holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
2400	# size.
2401
2402	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2403	<boot into -stable>
2404	make buildworld
2405	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE	[1]
2406	<maybe newfs current's root partition>
2407	<mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
2408	make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
2409	make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
2410	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
2411	cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab 		   # if newfs'd
2412	<edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
2413	<reboot into current>
2414	<do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
2415	<maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
2416	<reboot>
2417
2418
2419	To upgrade in-place from stable to current
2420	----------------------------------------------
2421	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>		[2]
2422	make buildworld					[9]
2423	<make sure any needed PORTS_MODULES are set>	[1]
2424	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE	[8]
2425	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2426	<reboot in single user>				[3]
2427	etcupdate -p					[5]
2428	make installworld
2429	etcupdate -B					[4]
2430	make delete-old					[6]
2431	<reboot>
2432
2433	Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2434	tweaks to various things you need.  At this point in the life
2435	cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2436	to cope.  The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2437	the UPDATING entries.
2438
2439	Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2440	freebsd-current@freebsd.org.  Make sure that before you update
2441	your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2442	messages there.  If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2443	much fewer pitfalls.
2444
2445FOOTNOTES:
2446
2447	[1] If you have third party modules, such as drm-kmod or vmware, you
2448	should disable them at this point so they don't crash your system on
2449	reboot. Alternatively, you should rebuild all the modules you have in
2450	your system and install them as well.  If you are running -current, you
2451	should seriously consider placing all sources to all the modules for
2452	your system (or symlinks to them) in /usr/local/sys/modules so this
2453	happens automatically. If all your modules come from ports, then adding
2454	the port origin directories to PORTS_MODULES instead is also automatic
2455	and effective, eg:
2456	     PORTS_MODULES+=graphics/drm-kmod graphics/nvidia-drm-kmod
2457
2458	[2] To make complete dumps on zfs(4), use bectl(8), which
2459	creates bootable snapshots of configurable depth that are
2460	selectable via the bootloader. For ufs(4), use dump(8) and
2461	restore(8).
2462
2463	[3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2464		fsck -p
2465		mount -u /
2466		mount -a
2467		sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start	# mount zfs filesystem, if needed
2468		cd src			# full path to source
2469		adjkerntz -i		# if CMOS is wall time
2470	Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that you boot
2471	into single user mode to do the installworld.
2472
2473	[4] Note: This step is non-optional.  Failure to do this step
2474	can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2475	system.  Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2476	that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2477	as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2478	for potential gotchas.  See etcupdate(8) for more information.
2479
2480	[5] Usually this step is a no-op.  However, from time to time
2481	you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2482	step.
2483
2484	[6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2485	can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2486	sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2487
2488	[8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
2489	installworld.  When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
2490	configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
2491	existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries).  Failure
2492	to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
2493	GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
2494	binaries from older branches.  Note that the ability to run binaries
2495	from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
2496
2497	Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2498	last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2499	change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2500	for these as well.
2501
2502	[9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2503	"?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2504	override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2505
2506	MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2507	not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf.  buildworld will
2508	warn if it is improperly defined.
2509FORMAT:
2510
2511This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2512breakages in tracking -current.  It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2513list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2514If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2515to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2516
2517Copyright information:
2518
2519Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org>
2520
2521Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2522modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2523document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2524
2525THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2526IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2527WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2528DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2529INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2530(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2531SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2532HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2533STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2534IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2535POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2536
2537Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of
2538this document.
2539