xref: /linux/net/sunrpc/xprtrdma/svc_rdma_sendto.c (revision 2c26b68cd5c51689b8cee9cb6a21abb5d2ab2d0f)

// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 OR BSD-3-Clause
/*
 * Copyright (c) 2016-2018 Oracle. All rights reserved.
 * Copyright (c) 2014 Open Grid Computing, Inc. All rights reserved.
 * Copyright (c) 2005-2006 Network Appliance, Inc. All rights reserved.
 *
 * This software is available to you under a choice of one of two
 * licenses.  You may choose to be licensed under the terms of the GNU
 * General Public License (GPL) Version 2, available from the file
 * COPYING in the main directory of this source tree, or the BSD-type
 * license below:
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 *
 *      Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *
 *      Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
 *      copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
 *      disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
 *      with the distribution.
 *
 *      Neither the name of the Network Appliance, Inc. nor the names of
 *      its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
 *      derived from this software without specific prior written
 *      permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
 * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
 * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
 * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
 * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 * Author: Tom Tucker <tom@opengridcomputing.com>
 */

/* Operation
 *
 * The main entry point is svc_rdma_sendto. This is called by the
 * RPC server when an RPC Reply is ready to be transmitted to a client.
 *
 * The passed-in svc_rqst contains a struct xdr_buf which holds an
 * XDR-encoded RPC Reply message. sendto must construct the RPC-over-RDMA
 * transport header, post all Write WRs needed for this Reply, then post
 * a Send WR conveying the transport header and the RPC message itself to
 * the client.
 *
 * svc_rdma_sendto must fully transmit the Reply before returning, as
 * the svc_rqst will be recycled as soon as sendto returns. Remaining
 * resources referred to by the svc_rqst are also recycled at that time.
 * Therefore any resources that must remain longer must be detached
 * from the svc_rqst and released later.
 *
 * Page Management
 *
 * The I/O that performs Reply transmission is asynchronous, and may
 * complete well after sendto returns. Thus pages under I/O must be
 * removed from the svc_rqst before sendto returns.
 *
 * The logic here depends on Send Queue and completion ordering. Since
 * the Send WR is always posted last, it will always complete last. Thus
 * when it completes, it is guaranteed that all previous Write WRs have
 * also completed.
 *
 * Write WRs are constructed and posted. Each Write segment gets its own
 * svc_rdma_rw_ctxt, allowing the Write completion handler to find and
 * DMA-unmap the pages under I/O for that Write segment. The Write
 * completion handler does not release any pages.
 *
 * When the Send WR is constructed, it also gets its own svc_rdma_send_ctxt.
 * The ownership of all of the Reply's pages are transferred into that
 * ctxt, the Send WR is posted, and sendto returns.
 *
 * The svc_rdma_send_ctxt is presented when the Send WR completes. The
 * Send completion handler finally releases the Reply's pages.
 *
 * This mechanism also assumes that completions on the transport's Send
 * Completion Queue do not run in parallel. Otherwise a Write completion
 * and Send completion running at the same time could release pages that
 * are still DMA-mapped.
 *
 * Error Handling
 *
 * - If the Send WR is posted successfully, it will either complete
 *   successfully, or get flushed. Either way, the Send completion
 *   handler releases the Reply's pages.
 * - If the Send WR cannot be not posted, the forward path releases
 *   the Reply's pages.
 *
 * This handles the case, without the use of page reference counting,
 * where two different Write segments send portions of the same page.
 */

#include <linux/spinlock.h>
#include <linux/unaligned.h>

#include <rdma/ib_verbs.h>
#include <rdma/rdma_cm.h>

#include <linux/sunrpc/debug.h>
#include <linux/sunrpc/svc_rdma.h>

#include "xprt_rdma.h"
#include <trace/events/rpcrdma.h>

static void svc_rdma_wc_send(struct ib_cq *cq, struct ib_wc *wc);

static struct svc_rdma_send_ctxt *
svc_rdma_send_ctxt_alloc(struct svcxprt_rdma *rdma)
{
	int node = ibdev_to_node(rdma->sc_cm_id->device);
	struct svc_rdma_send_ctxt *ctxt;
	unsigned long pages;
	dma_addr_t addr;
	void *buffer;
	int i;

	ctxt = kzalloc_node(struct_size(ctxt, sc_sges, rdma->sc_max_send_sges),
			    GFP_KERNEL, node);
	if (!ctxt)
		goto fail0;
	pages = svc_serv_maxpages(rdma->sc_xprt.xpt_server);
	ctxt->sc_pages = kcalloc_node(pages, sizeof(struct page *),
				      GFP_KERNEL, node);
	if (!ctxt->sc_pages)
		goto fail1;
	ctxt->sc_maxpages = pages;
	buffer = kmalloc_node(rdma->sc_max_req_size, GFP_KERNEL, node);
	if (!buffer)
		goto fail2;
	addr = ib_dma_map_single(rdma->sc_pd->device, buffer,
				 rdma->sc_max_req_size, DMA_TO_DEVICE);
	if (ib_dma_mapping_error(rdma->sc_pd->device, addr))
		goto fail3;

	svc_rdma_send_cid_init(rdma, &ctxt->sc_cid);

	ctxt->sc_rdma = rdma;
	ctxt->sc_send_wr.next = NULL;
	ctxt->sc_send_wr.wr_cqe = &ctxt->sc_cqe;
	ctxt->sc_send_wr.sg_list = ctxt->sc_sges;
	ctxt->sc_send_wr.send_flags = IB_SEND_SIGNALED;
	ctxt->sc_cqe.done = svc_rdma_wc_send;
	ctxt->sc_xprt_buf = buffer;
	xdr_buf_init(&ctxt->sc_hdrbuf, ctxt->sc_xprt_buf,
		     rdma->sc_max_req_size);
	ctxt->sc_sges[0].addr = addr;

	for (i = 0; i < rdma->sc_max_send_sges; i++)
		ctxt->sc_sges[i].lkey = rdma->sc_pd->local_dma_lkey;
	return ctxt;

fail3:
	kfree(buffer);
fail2:
	kfree(ctxt->sc_pages);
fail1:
	kfree(ctxt);
fail0:
	return NULL;
}

/**
 * svc_rdma_send_ctxts_destroy - Release all send_ctxt's for an xprt
 * @rdma: svcxprt_rdma being torn down
 *
 */
void svc_rdma_send_ctxts_destroy(struct svcxprt_rdma *rdma)
{
	struct svc_rdma_send_ctxt *ctxt;
	struct llist_node *node;

	while ((node = llist_del_first(&rdma->sc_send_ctxts)) != NULL) {
		ctxt = llist_entry(node, struct svc_rdma_send_ctxt, sc_node);
		ib_dma_unmap_single(rdma->sc_pd->device,
				    ctxt->sc_sges[0].addr,
				    rdma->sc_max_req_size,
				    DMA_TO_DEVICE);
		kfree(ctxt->sc_xprt_buf);
		kfree(ctxt->sc_pages);
		kfree(ctxt);
	}
}

/**
 * svc_rdma_send_ctxt_get - Get a free send_ctxt
 * @rdma: controlling svcxprt_rdma
 *
 * Returns a ready-to-use send_ctxt, or NULL if none are
 * available and a fresh one cannot be allocated.
 */
struct svc_rdma_send_ctxt *svc_rdma_send_ctxt_get(struct svcxprt_rdma *rdma)
{
	struct svc_rdma_send_ctxt *ctxt;
	struct llist_node *node;

	spin_lock(&rdma->sc_send_lock);
	node = llist_del_first(&rdma->sc_send_ctxts);
	spin_unlock(&rdma->sc_send_lock);
	if (!node)
		goto out_empty;

	ctxt = llist_entry(node, struct svc_rdma_send_ctxt, sc_node);

out:
	rpcrdma_set_xdrlen(&ctxt->sc_hdrbuf, 0);
	xdr_init_encode(&ctxt->sc_stream, &ctxt->sc_hdrbuf,
			ctxt->sc_xprt_buf, NULL);

	svc_rdma_cc_init(rdma, &ctxt->sc_reply_info.wi_cc);
	ctxt->sc_send_wr.num_sge = 0;
	ctxt->sc_cur_sge_no = 0;
	ctxt->sc_page_count = 0;
	ctxt->sc_wr_chain = &ctxt->sc_send_wr;
	ctxt->sc_sqecount = 1;

	return ctxt;

out_empty:
	ctxt = svc_rdma_send_ctxt_alloc(rdma);
	if (!ctxt)
		return NULL;
	goto out;
}

static void svc_rdma_send_ctxt_release(struct svcxprt_rdma *rdma,
				       struct svc_rdma_send_ctxt *ctxt)
{
	struct ib_device *device = rdma->sc_cm_id->device;
	unsigned int i;

	svc_rdma_reply_chunk_release(rdma, ctxt);

	if (ctxt->sc_page_count)
		release_pages(ctxt->sc_pages, ctxt->sc_page_count);

	/* The first SGE contains the transport header, which
	 * remains mapped until @ctxt is destroyed.
	 */
	for (i = 1; i < ctxt->sc_send_wr.num_sge; i++) {
		trace_svcrdma_dma_unmap_page(&ctxt->sc_cid,
					     ctxt->sc_sges[i].addr,
					     ctxt->sc_sges[i].length);
		ib_dma_unmap_page(device,
				  ctxt->sc_sges[i].addr,
				  ctxt->sc_sges[i].length,
				  DMA_TO_DEVICE);
	}

	llist_add(&ctxt->sc_node, &rdma->sc_send_ctxts);
}

static void svc_rdma_send_ctxt_put_async(struct work_struct *work)
{
	struct svc_rdma_send_ctxt *ctxt;

	ctxt = container_of(work, struct svc_rdma_send_ctxt, sc_work);
	svc_rdma_send_ctxt_release(ctxt->sc_rdma, ctxt);
}

/**
 * svc_rdma_send_ctxt_put - Return send_ctxt to free list
 * @rdma: controlling svcxprt_rdma
 * @ctxt: object to return to the free list
 *
 * Pages left in sc_pages are DMA unmapped and released.
 */
void svc_rdma_send_ctxt_put(struct svcxprt_rdma *rdma,
			    struct svc_rdma_send_ctxt *ctxt)
{
	INIT_WORK(&ctxt->sc_work, svc_rdma_send_ctxt_put_async);
	queue_work(svcrdma_wq, &ctxt->sc_work);
}

/**
 * svc_rdma_wake_send_waiters - manage Send Queue accounting
 * @rdma: controlling transport
 * @avail: Number of additional SQEs that are now available
 *
 */
void svc_rdma_wake_send_waiters(struct svcxprt_rdma *rdma, int avail)
{
	atomic_add(avail, &rdma->sc_sq_avail);
	smp_mb__after_atomic();
	if (unlikely(waitqueue_active(&rdma->sc_send_wait)))
		wake_up(&rdma->sc_send_wait);
}

/**
 * svc_rdma_wc_send - Invoked by RDMA provider for each polled Send WC
 * @cq: Completion Queue context
 * @wc: Work Completion object
 *
 * NB: The svc_xprt/svcxprt_rdma is pinned whenever it's possible that
 * the Send completion handler could be running.
 */
static void svc_rdma_wc_send(struct ib_cq *cq, struct ib_wc *wc)
{
	struct svcxprt_rdma *rdma = cq->cq_context;
	struct ib_cqe *cqe = wc->wr_cqe;
	struct svc_rdma_send_ctxt *ctxt =
		container_of(cqe, struct svc_rdma_send_ctxt, sc_cqe);

	svc_rdma_wake_send_waiters(rdma, ctxt->sc_sqecount);

	if (unlikely(wc->status != IB_WC_SUCCESS))
		goto flushed;

	trace_svcrdma_wc_send(&ctxt->sc_cid);
	svc_rdma_send_ctxt_put(rdma, ctxt);
	return;

flushed:
	if (wc->status != IB_WC_WR_FLUSH_ERR)
		trace_svcrdma_wc_send_err(wc, &ctxt->sc_cid);
	else
		trace_svcrdma_wc_send_flush(wc, &ctxt->sc_cid);
	svc_rdma_send_ctxt_put(rdma, ctxt);
	svc_xprt_deferred_close(&rdma->sc_xprt);
}

/**
 * svc_rdma_post_send - Post a WR chain to the Send Queue
 * @rdma: transport context
 * @ctxt: WR chain to post
 *
 * Copy fields in @ctxt to stack variables in order to guarantee
 * that these values remain available after the ib_post_send() call.
 * In some error flow cases, svc_rdma_wc_send() releases @ctxt.
 *
 * Note there is potential for starvation when the Send Queue is
 * full because there is no order to when waiting threads are
 * awoken. The transport is typically provisioned with a deep
 * enough Send Queue that SQ exhaustion should be a rare event.
 *
 * Return values:
 *   %0: @ctxt's WR chain was posted successfully
 *   %-ENOTCONN: The connection was lost
 */
int svc_rdma_post_send(struct svcxprt_rdma *rdma,
		       struct svc_rdma_send_ctxt *ctxt)
{
	struct ib_send_wr *first_wr = ctxt->sc_wr_chain;
	struct ib_send_wr *send_wr = &ctxt->sc_send_wr;
	const struct ib_send_wr *bad_wr = first_wr;
	struct rpc_rdma_cid cid = ctxt->sc_cid;
	int ret, sqecount = ctxt->sc_sqecount;

	might_sleep();

	/* Sync the transport header buffer */
	ib_dma_sync_single_for_device(rdma->sc_pd->device,
				      send_wr->sg_list[0].addr,
				      send_wr->sg_list[0].length,
				      DMA_TO_DEVICE);

	/* If the SQ is full, wait until an SQ entry is available */
	while (!test_bit(XPT_CLOSE, &rdma->sc_xprt.xpt_flags)) {
		if (atomic_sub_return(sqecount, &rdma->sc_sq_avail) < 0) {
			svc_rdma_wake_send_waiters(rdma, sqecount);

			/* When the transport is torn down, assume
			 * ib_drain_sq() will trigger enough Send
			 * completions to wake us. The XPT_CLOSE test
			 * above should then cause the while loop to
			 * exit.
			 */
			percpu_counter_inc(&svcrdma_stat_sq_starve);
			trace_svcrdma_sq_full(rdma, &cid);
			wait_event(rdma->sc_send_wait,
				   atomic_read(&rdma->sc_sq_avail) > 0);
			trace_svcrdma_sq_retry(rdma, &cid);
			continue;
		}

		trace_svcrdma_post_send(ctxt);
		ret = ib_post_send(rdma->sc_qp, first_wr, &bad_wr);
		if (ret) {
			trace_svcrdma_sq_post_err(rdma, &cid, ret);
			svc_xprt_deferred_close(&rdma->sc_xprt);

			/* If even one WR was posted, there will be a
			 * Send completion that bumps sc_sq_avail.
			 */
			if (bad_wr == first_wr) {
				svc_rdma_wake_send_waiters(rdma, sqecount);
				break;
			}
		}
		return 0;
	}
	return -ENOTCONN;
}

/**
 * svc_rdma_encode_read_list - Encode RPC Reply's Read chunk list
 * @sctxt: Send context for the RPC Reply
 *
 * Return values:
 *   On success, returns length in bytes of the Reply XDR buffer
 *   that was consumed by the Reply Read list
 *   %-EMSGSIZE on XDR buffer overflow
 */
static ssize_t svc_rdma_encode_read_list(struct svc_rdma_send_ctxt *sctxt)
{
	/* RPC-over-RDMA version 1 replies never have a Read list. */
	return xdr_stream_encode_item_absent(&sctxt->sc_stream);
}

/**
 * svc_rdma_encode_write_segment - Encode one Write segment
 * @sctxt: Send context for the RPC Reply
 * @chunk: Write chunk to push
 * @remaining: remaining bytes of the payload left in the Write chunk
 * @segno: which segment in the chunk
 *
 * Return values:
 *   On success, returns length in bytes of the Reply XDR buffer
 *   that was consumed by the Write segment, and updates @remaining
 *   %-EMSGSIZE on XDR buffer overflow
 */
static ssize_t svc_rdma_encode_write_segment(struct svc_rdma_send_ctxt *sctxt,
					     const struct svc_rdma_chunk *chunk,
					     u32 *remaining, unsigned int segno)
{
	const struct svc_rdma_segment *segment = &chunk->ch_segments[segno];
	const size_t len = rpcrdma_segment_maxsz * sizeof(__be32);
	u32 length;
	__be32 *p;

	p = xdr_reserve_space(&sctxt->sc_stream, len);
	if (!p)
		return -EMSGSIZE;

	length = min_t(u32, *remaining, segment->rs_length);
	*remaining -= length;
	xdr_encode_rdma_segment(p, segment->rs_handle, length,
				segment->rs_offset);
	trace_svcrdma_encode_wseg(sctxt, segno, segment->rs_handle, length,
				  segment->rs_offset);
	return len;
}

/**
 * svc_rdma_encode_write_chunk - Encode one Write chunk
 * @sctxt: Send context for the RPC Reply
 * @chunk: Write chunk to push
 *
 * Copy a Write chunk from the Call transport header to the
 * Reply transport header. Update each segment's length field
 * to reflect the number of bytes written in that segment.
 *
 * Return values:
 *   On success, returns length in bytes of the Reply XDR buffer
 *   that was consumed by the Write chunk
 *   %-EMSGSIZE on XDR buffer overflow
 */
static ssize_t svc_rdma_encode_write_chunk(struct svc_rdma_send_ctxt *sctxt,
					   const struct svc_rdma_chunk *chunk)
{
	u32 remaining = chunk->ch_payload_length;
	unsigned int segno;
	ssize_t len, ret;

	len = 0;
	ret = xdr_stream_encode_item_present(&sctxt->sc_stream);
	if (ret < 0)
		return ret;
	len += ret;

	ret = xdr_stream_encode_u32(&sctxt->sc_stream, chunk->ch_segcount);
	if (ret < 0)
		return ret;
	len += ret;

	for (segno = 0; segno < chunk->ch_segcount; segno++) {
		ret = svc_rdma_encode_write_segment(sctxt, chunk, &remaining, segno);
		if (ret < 0)
			return ret;
		len += ret;
	}

	return len;
}

/**
 * svc_rdma_encode_write_list - Encode RPC Reply's Write chunk list
 * @rctxt: Reply context with information about the RPC Call
 * @sctxt: Send context for the RPC Reply
 *
 * Return values:
 *   On success, returns length in bytes of the Reply XDR buffer
 *   that was consumed by the Reply's Write list
 *   %-EMSGSIZE on XDR buffer overflow
 */
static ssize_t svc_rdma_encode_write_list(struct svc_rdma_recv_ctxt *rctxt,
					  struct svc_rdma_send_ctxt *sctxt)
{
	struct svc_rdma_chunk *chunk;
	ssize_t len, ret;

	len = 0;
	pcl_for_each_chunk(chunk, &rctxt->rc_write_pcl) {
		ret = svc_rdma_encode_write_chunk(sctxt, chunk);
		if (ret < 0)
			return ret;
		len += ret;
	}

	/* Terminate the Write list */
	ret = xdr_stream_encode_item_absent(&sctxt->sc_stream);
	if (ret < 0)
		return ret;

	return len + ret;
}

/**
 * svc_rdma_encode_reply_chunk - Encode RPC Reply's Reply chunk
 * @rctxt: Reply context with information about the RPC Call
 * @sctxt: Send context for the RPC Reply
 * @length: size in bytes of the payload in the Reply chunk
 *
 * Return values:
 *   On success, returns length in bytes of the Reply XDR buffer
 *   that was consumed by the Reply's Reply chunk
 *   %-EMSGSIZE on XDR buffer overflow
 *   %-E2BIG if the RPC message is larger than the Reply chunk
 */
static ssize_t
svc_rdma_encode_reply_chunk(struct svc_rdma_recv_ctxt *rctxt,
			    struct svc_rdma_send_ctxt *sctxt,
			    unsigned int length)
{
	struct svc_rdma_chunk *chunk;

	if (pcl_is_empty(&rctxt->rc_reply_pcl))
		return xdr_stream_encode_item_absent(&sctxt->sc_stream);

	chunk = pcl_first_chunk(&rctxt->rc_reply_pcl);
	if (length > chunk->ch_length)
		return -E2BIG;

	chunk->ch_payload_length = length;
	return svc_rdma_encode_write_chunk(sctxt, chunk);
}

struct svc_rdma_map_data {
	struct svcxprt_rdma		*md_rdma;
	struct svc_rdma_send_ctxt	*md_ctxt;
};

/**
 * svc_rdma_page_dma_map - DMA map one page
 * @data: pointer to arguments
 * @page: struct page to DMA map
 * @offset: offset into the page
 * @len: number of bytes to map
 *
 * Returns:
 *   %0 if DMA mapping was successful
 *   %-EIO if the page cannot be DMA mapped
 */
static int svc_rdma_page_dma_map(void *data, struct page *page,
				 unsigned long offset, unsigned int len)
{
	struct svc_rdma_map_data *args = data;
	struct svcxprt_rdma *rdma = args->md_rdma;
	struct svc_rdma_send_ctxt *ctxt = args->md_ctxt;
	struct ib_device *dev = rdma->sc_cm_id->device;
	dma_addr_t dma_addr;

	++ctxt->sc_cur_sge_no;

	dma_addr = ib_dma_map_page(dev, page, offset, len, DMA_TO_DEVICE);
	if (ib_dma_mapping_error(dev, dma_addr))
		goto out_maperr;

	trace_svcrdma_dma_map_page(&ctxt->sc_cid, dma_addr, len);
	ctxt->sc_sges[ctxt->sc_cur_sge_no].addr = dma_addr;
	ctxt->sc_sges[ctxt->sc_cur_sge_no].length = len;
	ctxt->sc_send_wr.num_sge++;
	return 0;

out_maperr:
	trace_svcrdma_dma_map_err(&ctxt->sc_cid, dma_addr, len);
	return -EIO;
}

/**
 * svc_rdma_iov_dma_map - DMA map an iovec
 * @data: pointer to arguments
 * @iov: kvec to DMA map
 *
 * ib_dma_map_page() is used here because svc_rdma_dma_unmap()
 * handles DMA-unmap and it uses ib_dma_unmap_page() exclusively.
 *
 * Returns:
 *   %0 if DMA mapping was successful
 *   %-EIO if the iovec cannot be DMA mapped
 */
static int svc_rdma_iov_dma_map(void *data, const struct kvec *iov)
{
	if (!iov->iov_len)
		return 0;
	return svc_rdma_page_dma_map(data, virt_to_page(iov->iov_base),
				     offset_in_page(iov->iov_base),
				     iov->iov_len);
}

/**
 * svc_rdma_xb_dma_map - DMA map all segments of an xdr_buf
 * @xdr: xdr_buf containing portion of an RPC message to transmit
 * @data: pointer to arguments
 *
 * Returns:
 *   %0 if DMA mapping was successful
 *   %-EIO if DMA mapping failed
 *
 * On failure, any DMA mappings that have been already done must be
 * unmapped by the caller.
 */
static int svc_rdma_xb_dma_map(const struct xdr_buf *xdr, void *data)
{
	unsigned int len, remaining;
	unsigned long pageoff;
	struct page **ppages;
	int ret;

	ret = svc_rdma_iov_dma_map(data, &xdr->head[0]);
	if (ret < 0)
		return ret;

	ppages = xdr->pages + (xdr->page_base >> PAGE_SHIFT);
	pageoff = offset_in_page(xdr->page_base);
	remaining = xdr->page_len;
	while (remaining) {
		len = min_t(u32, PAGE_SIZE - pageoff, remaining);

		ret = svc_rdma_page_dma_map(data, *ppages++, pageoff, len);
		if (ret < 0)
			return ret;

		remaining -= len;
		pageoff = 0;
	}

	ret = svc_rdma_iov_dma_map(data, &xdr->tail[0]);
	if (ret < 0)
		return ret;

	return xdr->len;
}

struct svc_rdma_pullup_data {
	u8		*pd_dest;
	unsigned int	pd_length;
	unsigned int	pd_num_sges;
};

/**
 * svc_rdma_xb_count_sges - Count how many SGEs will be needed
 * @xdr: xdr_buf containing portion of an RPC message to transmit
 * @data: pointer to arguments
 *
 * Returns:
 *   Number of SGEs needed to Send the contents of @xdr inline
 */
static int svc_rdma_xb_count_sges(const struct xdr_buf *xdr,
				  void *data)
{
	struct svc_rdma_pullup_data *args = data;
	unsigned int remaining;
	unsigned long offset;

	if (xdr->head[0].iov_len)
		++args->pd_num_sges;

	offset = offset_in_page(xdr->page_base);
	remaining = xdr->page_len;
	while (remaining) {
		++args->pd_num_sges;
		remaining -= min_t(u32, PAGE_SIZE - offset, remaining);
		offset = 0;
	}

	if (xdr->tail[0].iov_len)
		++args->pd_num_sges;

	args->pd_length += xdr->len;
	return 0;
}

/**
 * svc_rdma_pull_up_needed - Determine whether to use pull-up
 * @rdma: controlling transport
 * @sctxt: send_ctxt for the Send WR
 * @write_pcl: Write chunk list provided by client
 * @xdr: xdr_buf containing RPC message to transmit
 *
 * Returns:
 *   %true if pull-up must be used
 *   %false otherwise
 */
static bool svc_rdma_pull_up_needed(const struct svcxprt_rdma *rdma,
				    const struct svc_rdma_send_ctxt *sctxt,
				    const struct svc_rdma_pcl *write_pcl,
				    const struct xdr_buf *xdr)
{
	/* Resources needed for the transport header */
	struct svc_rdma_pullup_data args = {
		.pd_length	= sctxt->sc_hdrbuf.len,
		.pd_num_sges	= 1,
	};
	int ret;

	ret = pcl_process_nonpayloads(write_pcl, xdr,
				      svc_rdma_xb_count_sges, &args);
	if (ret < 0)
		return false;

	if (args.pd_length < RPCRDMA_PULLUP_THRESH)
		return true;
	return args.pd_num_sges >= rdma->sc_max_send_sges;
}

/**
 * svc_rdma_xb_linearize - Copy region of xdr_buf to flat buffer
 * @xdr: xdr_buf containing portion of an RPC message to copy
 * @data: pointer to arguments
 *
 * Returns:
 *   Always zero.
 */
static int svc_rdma_xb_linearize(const struct xdr_buf *xdr,
				 void *data)
{
	struct svc_rdma_pullup_data *args = data;
	unsigned int len, remaining;
	unsigned long pageoff;
	struct page **ppages;

	if (xdr->head[0].iov_len) {
		memcpy(args->pd_dest, xdr->head[0].iov_base, xdr->head[0].iov_len);
		args->pd_dest += xdr->head[0].iov_len;
	}

	ppages = xdr->pages + (xdr->page_base >> PAGE_SHIFT);
	pageoff = offset_in_page(xdr->page_base);
	remaining = xdr->page_len;
	while (remaining) {
		len = min_t(u32, PAGE_SIZE - pageoff, remaining);
		memcpy(args->pd_dest, page_address(*ppages) + pageoff, len);
		remaining -= len;
		args->pd_dest += len;
		pageoff = 0;
		ppages++;
	}

	if (xdr->tail[0].iov_len) {
		memcpy(args->pd_dest, xdr->tail[0].iov_base, xdr->tail[0].iov_len);
		args->pd_dest += xdr->tail[0].iov_len;
	}

	args->pd_length += xdr->len;
	return 0;
}

/**
 * svc_rdma_pull_up_reply_msg - Copy Reply into a single buffer
 * @rdma: controlling transport
 * @sctxt: send_ctxt for the Send WR; xprt hdr is already prepared
 * @write_pcl: Write chunk list provided by client
 * @xdr: prepared xdr_buf containing RPC message
 *
 * The device is not capable of sending the reply directly.
 * Assemble the elements of @xdr into the transport header buffer.
 *
 * Assumptions:
 *  pull_up_needed has determined that @xdr will fit in the buffer.
 *
 * Returns:
 *   %0 if pull-up was successful
 *   %-EMSGSIZE if a buffer manipulation problem occurred
 */
static int svc_rdma_pull_up_reply_msg(const struct svcxprt_rdma *rdma,
				      struct svc_rdma_send_ctxt *sctxt,
				      const struct svc_rdma_pcl *write_pcl,
				      const struct xdr_buf *xdr)
{
	struct svc_rdma_pullup_data args = {
		.pd_dest	= sctxt->sc_xprt_buf + sctxt->sc_hdrbuf.len,
	};
	int ret;

	ret = pcl_process_nonpayloads(write_pcl, xdr,
				      svc_rdma_xb_linearize, &args);
	if (ret < 0)
		return ret;

	sctxt->sc_sges[0].length = sctxt->sc_hdrbuf.len + args.pd_length;
	trace_svcrdma_send_pullup(sctxt, args.pd_length);
	return 0;
}

/* svc_rdma_map_reply_msg - DMA map the buffer holding RPC message
 * @rdma: controlling transport
 * @sctxt: send_ctxt for the Send WR
 * @write_pcl: Write chunk list provided by client
 * @reply_pcl: Reply chunk provided by client
 * @xdr: prepared xdr_buf containing RPC message
 *
 * Returns:
 *   %0 if DMA mapping was successful.
 *   %-EMSGSIZE if a buffer manipulation problem occurred
 *   %-EIO if DMA mapping failed
 *
 * The Send WR's num_sge field is set in all cases.
 */
int svc_rdma_map_reply_msg(struct svcxprt_rdma *rdma,
			   struct svc_rdma_send_ctxt *sctxt,
			   const struct svc_rdma_pcl *write_pcl,
			   const struct svc_rdma_pcl *reply_pcl,
			   const struct xdr_buf *xdr)
{
	struct svc_rdma_map_data args = {
		.md_rdma	= rdma,
		.md_ctxt	= sctxt,
	};

	/* Set up the (persistently-mapped) transport header SGE. */
	sctxt->sc_send_wr.num_sge = 1;
	sctxt->sc_sges[0].length = sctxt->sc_hdrbuf.len;

	/* If there is a Reply chunk, nothing follows the transport
	 * header, so there is nothing to map.
	 */
	if (!pcl_is_empty(reply_pcl))
		return 0;

	/* For pull-up, svc_rdma_send() will sync the transport header.
	 * No additional DMA mapping is necessary.
	 */
	if (svc_rdma_pull_up_needed(rdma, sctxt, write_pcl, xdr))
		return svc_rdma_pull_up_reply_msg(rdma, sctxt, write_pcl, xdr);

	return pcl_process_nonpayloads(write_pcl, xdr,
				       svc_rdma_xb_dma_map, &args);
}

/* The svc_rqst and all resources it owns are released as soon as
 * svc_rdma_sendto returns. Transfer pages under I/O to the ctxt
 * so they are released by the Send completion handler.
 */
static void svc_rdma_save_io_pages(struct svc_rqst *rqstp,
				   struct svc_rdma_send_ctxt *ctxt)
{
	int i, pages = rqstp->rq_next_page - rqstp->rq_respages;

	ctxt->sc_page_count += pages;
	for (i = 0; i < pages; i++) {
		ctxt->sc_pages[i] = rqstp->rq_respages[i];
		rqstp->rq_respages[i] = NULL;
	}

	/* Prevent svc_xprt_release from releasing pages in rq_pages */
	rqstp->rq_next_page = rqstp->rq_respages;
}

/* Prepare the portion of the RPC Reply that will be transmitted
 * via RDMA Send. The RPC-over-RDMA transport header is prepared
 * in sc_sges[0], and the RPC xdr_buf is prepared in following sges.
 *
 * Depending on whether a Write list or Reply chunk is present,
 * the server may Send all, a portion of, or none of the xdr_buf.
 * In the latter case, only the transport header (sc_sges[0]) is
 * transmitted.
 *
 * Assumptions:
 * - The Reply's transport header will never be larger than a page.
 */
static int svc_rdma_send_reply_msg(struct svcxprt_rdma *rdma,
				   struct svc_rdma_send_ctxt *sctxt,
				   const struct svc_rdma_recv_ctxt *rctxt,
				   struct svc_rqst *rqstp)
{
	struct ib_send_wr *send_wr = &sctxt->sc_send_wr;
	int ret;

	ret = svc_rdma_map_reply_msg(rdma, sctxt, &rctxt->rc_write_pcl,
				     &rctxt->rc_reply_pcl, &rqstp->rq_res);
	if (ret < 0)
		return ret;

	/* Transfer pages involved in RDMA Writes to the sctxt's
	 * page array. Completion handling releases these pages.
	 */
	svc_rdma_save_io_pages(rqstp, sctxt);

	if (rctxt->rc_inv_rkey) {
		send_wr->opcode = IB_WR_SEND_WITH_INV;
		send_wr->ex.invalidate_rkey = rctxt->rc_inv_rkey;
	} else {
		send_wr->opcode = IB_WR_SEND;
	}

	return svc_rdma_post_send(rdma, sctxt);
}

/**
 * svc_rdma_send_error_msg - Send an RPC/RDMA v1 error response
 * @rdma: controlling transport context
 * @sctxt: Send context for the response
 * @rctxt: Receive context for incoming bad message
 * @status: negative errno indicating error that occurred
 *
 * Given the client-provided Read, Write, and Reply chunks, the
 * server was not able to parse the Call or form a complete Reply.
 * Return an RDMA_ERROR message so the client can retire the RPC
 * transaction.
 *
 * The caller does not have to release @sctxt. It is released by
 * Send completion, or by this function on error.
 */
void svc_rdma_send_error_msg(struct svcxprt_rdma *rdma,
			     struct svc_rdma_send_ctxt *sctxt,
			     struct svc_rdma_recv_ctxt *rctxt,
			     int status)
{
	__be32 *rdma_argp = rctxt->rc_recv_buf;
	__be32 *p;

	rpcrdma_set_xdrlen(&sctxt->sc_hdrbuf, 0);
	xdr_init_encode(&sctxt->sc_stream, &sctxt->sc_hdrbuf,
			sctxt->sc_xprt_buf, NULL);

	p = xdr_reserve_space(&sctxt->sc_stream,
			      rpcrdma_fixed_maxsz * sizeof(*p));
	if (!p)
		goto put_ctxt;

	*p++ = *rdma_argp;
	*p++ = *(rdma_argp + 1);
	*p++ = rdma->sc_fc_credits;
	*p = rdma_error;

	switch (status) {
	case -EPROTONOSUPPORT:
		p = xdr_reserve_space(&sctxt->sc_stream, 3 * sizeof(*p));
		if (!p)
			goto put_ctxt;

		*p++ = err_vers;
		*p++ = rpcrdma_version;
		*p = rpcrdma_version;
		trace_svcrdma_err_vers(*rdma_argp);
		break;
	default:
		p = xdr_reserve_space(&sctxt->sc_stream, sizeof(*p));
		if (!p)
			goto put_ctxt;

		*p = err_chunk;
		trace_svcrdma_err_chunk(*rdma_argp);
	}

	/* Remote Invalidation is skipped for simplicity. */
	sctxt->sc_send_wr.num_sge = 1;
	sctxt->sc_send_wr.opcode = IB_WR_SEND;
	sctxt->sc_sges[0].length = sctxt->sc_hdrbuf.len;
	if (svc_rdma_post_send(rdma, sctxt))
		goto put_ctxt;
	return;

put_ctxt:
	svc_rdma_send_ctxt_put(rdma, sctxt);
}

/**
 * svc_rdma_sendto - Transmit an RPC reply
 * @rqstp: processed RPC request, reply XDR already in ::rq_res
 *
 * Any resources still associated with @rqstp are released upon return.
 * If no reply message was possible, the connection is closed.
 *
 * Returns:
 *	%0 if an RPC reply has been successfully posted,
 *	%-ENOMEM if a resource shortage occurred (connection is lost),
 *	%-ENOTCONN if posting failed (connection is lost).
 */
int svc_rdma_sendto(struct svc_rqst *rqstp)
{
	struct svc_xprt *xprt = rqstp->rq_xprt;
	struct svcxprt_rdma *rdma =
		container_of(xprt, struct svcxprt_rdma, sc_xprt);
	struct svc_rdma_recv_ctxt *rctxt = rqstp->rq_xprt_ctxt;
	__be32 *rdma_argp = rctxt->rc_recv_buf;
	struct svc_rdma_send_ctxt *sctxt;
	unsigned int rc_size;
	__be32 *p;
	int ret;

	ret = -ENOTCONN;
	if (svc_xprt_is_dead(xprt))
		goto drop_connection;

	ret = -ENOMEM;
	sctxt = svc_rdma_send_ctxt_get(rdma);
	if (!sctxt)
		goto drop_connection;

	ret = -EMSGSIZE;
	p = xdr_reserve_space(&sctxt->sc_stream,
			      rpcrdma_fixed_maxsz * sizeof(*p));
	if (!p)
		goto put_ctxt;

	ret = svc_rdma_send_write_list(rdma, rctxt, &rqstp->rq_res);
	if (ret < 0)
		goto put_ctxt;

	rc_size = 0;
	if (!pcl_is_empty(&rctxt->rc_reply_pcl)) {
		ret = svc_rdma_prepare_reply_chunk(rdma, &rctxt->rc_write_pcl,
						   &rctxt->rc_reply_pcl, sctxt,
						   &rqstp->rq_res);
		if (ret < 0)
			goto reply_chunk;
		rc_size = ret;
	}

	*p++ = *rdma_argp;
	*p++ = *(rdma_argp + 1);
	*p++ = rdma->sc_fc_credits;
	*p = pcl_is_empty(&rctxt->rc_reply_pcl) ? rdma_msg : rdma_nomsg;

	ret = svc_rdma_encode_read_list(sctxt);
	if (ret < 0)
		goto put_ctxt;
	ret = svc_rdma_encode_write_list(rctxt, sctxt);
	if (ret < 0)
		goto put_ctxt;
	ret = svc_rdma_encode_reply_chunk(rctxt, sctxt, rc_size);
	if (ret < 0)
		goto put_ctxt;

	ret = svc_rdma_send_reply_msg(rdma, sctxt, rctxt, rqstp);
	if (ret < 0)
		goto put_ctxt;
	return 0;

reply_chunk:
	if (ret != -E2BIG && ret != -EINVAL)
		goto put_ctxt;

	/* Send completion releases payload pages that were part
	 * of previously posted RDMA Writes.
	 */
	svc_rdma_save_io_pages(rqstp, sctxt);
	svc_rdma_send_error_msg(rdma, sctxt, rctxt, ret);
	return 0;

put_ctxt:
	svc_rdma_send_ctxt_put(rdma, sctxt);
drop_connection:
	trace_svcrdma_send_err(rqstp, ret);
	svc_xprt_deferred_close(&rdma->sc_xprt);
	return -ENOTCONN;
}

/**
 * svc_rdma_result_payload - special processing for a result payload
 * @rqstp: RPC transaction context
 * @offset: payload's byte offset in @rqstp->rq_res
 * @length: size of payload, in bytes
 *
 * Assign the passed-in result payload to the current Write chunk,
 * and advance to cur_result_payload to the next Write chunk, if
 * there is one.
 *
 * Return values:
 *   %0 if successful or nothing needed to be done
 *   %-E2BIG if the payload was larger than the Write chunk
 */
int svc_rdma_result_payload(struct svc_rqst *rqstp, unsigned int offset,
			    unsigned int length)
{
	struct svc_rdma_recv_ctxt *rctxt = rqstp->rq_xprt_ctxt;
	struct svc_rdma_chunk *chunk;

	chunk = rctxt->rc_cur_result_payload;
	if (!length || !chunk)
		return 0;
	rctxt->rc_cur_result_payload =
		pcl_next_chunk(&rctxt->rc_write_pcl, chunk);

	if (length > chunk->ch_length)
		return -E2BIG;
	chunk->ch_position = offset;
	chunk->ch_payload_length = length;
	return 0;
}