xref: /linux/kernel/rcu/rcuscale.c (revision 83684c4e4d62cb02b2e4d0d18963d1035439278e)
1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
2 /*
3  * Read-Copy Update module-based scalability-test facility
4  *
5  * Copyright (C) IBM Corporation, 2015
6  *
7  * Authors: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
8  */
9 
10 #define pr_fmt(fmt) fmt
11 
12 #include <linux/types.h>
13 #include <linux/kernel.h>
14 #include <linux/init.h>
15 #include <linux/mm.h>
16 #include <linux/module.h>
17 #include <linux/kthread.h>
18 #include <linux/err.h>
19 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
20 #include <linux/smp.h>
21 #include <linux/rcupdate.h>
22 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
23 #include <linux/sched.h>
24 #include <uapi/linux/sched/types.h>
25 #include <linux/atomic.h>
26 #include <linux/bitops.h>
27 #include <linux/completion.h>
28 #include <linux/moduleparam.h>
29 #include <linux/percpu.h>
30 #include <linux/notifier.h>
31 #include <linux/reboot.h>
32 #include <linux/freezer.h>
33 #include <linux/cpu.h>
34 #include <linux/delay.h>
35 #include <linux/stat.h>
36 #include <linux/srcu.h>
37 #include <linux/slab.h>
38 #include <asm/byteorder.h>
39 #include <linux/torture.h>
40 #include <linux/vmalloc.h>
41 #include <linux/rcupdate_trace.h>
42 #include <linux/sched/debug.h>
43 
44 #include "rcu.h"
45 
46 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Read-Copy Update module-based scalability-test facility");
47 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
48 MODULE_AUTHOR("Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>");
49 
50 #define SCALE_FLAG "-scale:"
51 #define SCALEOUT_STRING(s) \
52 	pr_alert("%s" SCALE_FLAG " %s\n", scale_type, s)
53 #define VERBOSE_SCALEOUT_STRING(s) \
54 	do { if (verbose) pr_alert("%s" SCALE_FLAG " %s\n", scale_type, s); } while (0)
55 #define SCALEOUT_ERRSTRING(s) \
56 	pr_alert("%s" SCALE_FLAG "!!! %s\n", scale_type, s)
57 
58 /*
59  * The intended use cases for the nreaders and nwriters module parameters
60  * are as follows:
61  *
62  * 1.	Specify only the nr_cpus kernel boot parameter.  This will
63  *	set both nreaders and nwriters to the value specified by
64  *	nr_cpus for a mixed reader/writer test.
65  *
66  * 2.	Specify the nr_cpus kernel boot parameter, but set
67  *	rcuscale.nreaders to zero.  This will set nwriters to the
68  *	value specified by nr_cpus for an update-only test.
69  *
70  * 3.	Specify the nr_cpus kernel boot parameter, but set
71  *	rcuscale.nwriters to zero.  This will set nreaders to the
72  *	value specified by nr_cpus for a read-only test.
73  *
74  * Various other use cases may of course be specified.
75  *
76  * Note that this test's readers are intended only as a test load for
77  * the writers.  The reader scalability statistics will be overly
78  * pessimistic due to the per-critical-section interrupt disabling,
79  * test-end checks, and the pair of calls through pointers.
80  */
81 
82 torture_param(bool, gp_async, false, "Use asynchronous GP wait primitives");
83 torture_param(int, gp_async_max, 1000, "Max # outstanding waits per writer");
84 torture_param(bool, gp_exp, false, "Use expedited GP wait primitives");
85 torture_param(int, holdoff, 10, "Holdoff time before test start (s)");
86 torture_param(int, minruntime, 0, "Minimum run time (s)");
87 torture_param(int, nreaders, -1, "Number of RCU reader threads");
88 torture_param(int, nwriters, -1, "Number of RCU updater threads");
89 torture_param(int, shutdown_secs, !IS_MODULE(CONFIG_RCU_SCALE_TEST) * 300,
90 	      "Shutdown at end of scalability tests or at specified timeout (s).");
91 torture_param(int, verbose, 1, "Enable verbose debugging printk()s");
92 torture_param(int, writer_holdoff, 0, "Holdoff (us) between GPs, zero to disable");
93 torture_param(int, writer_holdoff_jiffies, 0, "Holdoff (jiffies) between GPs, zero to disable");
94 torture_param(int, nexp, 0, "Number of expedited GP threads to run concurrently");
95 torture_param(int, exp_interval, 0, "Interval (us) between expedited GPs, zero to disable");
96 torture_param(int, kfree_rcu_test, 0, "Do we run a kfree_rcu() scale test?");
97 torture_param(int, kfree_mult, 1, "Multiple of kfree_obj size to allocate.");
98 torture_param(int, kfree_by_call_rcu, 0, "Use call_rcu() to emulate kfree_rcu()?");
99 
100 static char *scale_type = "rcu";
101 module_param(scale_type, charp, 0444);
102 MODULE_PARM_DESC(scale_type, "Type of RCU to scalability-test (rcu, srcu, ...)");
103 
104 // Structure definitions for custom fixed-per-task allocator.
105 struct writer_mblock {
106 	struct rcu_head wmb_rh;
107 	struct llist_node wmb_node;
108 	struct writer_freelist *wmb_wfl;
109 };
110 
111 struct writer_freelist {
112 	struct llist_head ws_lhg;
113 	atomic_t ws_inflight;
114 	struct llist_head ____cacheline_internodealigned_in_smp ws_lhp;
115 	struct writer_mblock *ws_mblocks;
116 };
117 
118 static int nrealreaders;
119 static int nrealwriters;
120 static int nrealexp;
121 static struct task_struct **writer_tasks;
122 static struct task_struct **reader_tasks;
123 static struct task_struct **exp_tasks;
124 
125 static u64 **writer_durations;
126 static bool *writer_done;
127 static struct writer_freelist *writer_freelists;
128 static int *writer_n_durations;
129 static atomic_t n_rcu_scale_reader_started;
130 static atomic_t n_rcu_scale_writer_started;
131 static atomic_t n_rcu_scale_writer_finished;
132 static u64 t_rcu_scale_writer_started;
133 static u64 t_rcu_scale_writer_finished;
134 static unsigned long b_rcu_gp_test_started;
135 static unsigned long b_rcu_gp_test_finished;
136 
137 #define MAX_MEAS 10000
138 #define MIN_MEAS 100
139 
140 /*
141  * Operations vector for selecting different types of tests.
142  */
143 
144 struct rcu_scale_ops {
145 	int ptype;
146 	void (*init)(void);
147 	void (*cleanup)(void);
148 	int (*readlock)(void);
149 	void (*readunlock)(int idx);
150 	unsigned long (*get_gp_seq)(void);
151 	unsigned long (*gp_diff)(unsigned long new, unsigned long old);
152 	unsigned long (*exp_completed)(void);
153 	void (*async)(struct rcu_head *head, rcu_callback_t func);
154 	void (*gp_barrier)(void);
155 	void (*sync)(void);
156 	void (*exp_sync)(void);
157 	struct task_struct *(*rso_gp_kthread)(void);
158 	void (*stats)(void);
159 	const char *name;
160 };
161 
162 static struct rcu_scale_ops *cur_ops;
163 
164 /*
165  * Definitions for rcu scalability testing.
166  */
167 
rcu_scale_read_lock(void)168 static int rcu_scale_read_lock(void) __acquires(RCU)
169 {
170 	rcu_read_lock();
171 	return 0;
172 }
173 
rcu_scale_read_unlock(int idx)174 static void rcu_scale_read_unlock(int idx) __releases(RCU)
175 {
176 	rcu_read_unlock();
177 }
178 
rcu_no_completed(void)179 static unsigned long __maybe_unused rcu_no_completed(void)
180 {
181 	return 0;
182 }
183 
rcu_sync_scale_init(void)184 static void rcu_sync_scale_init(void)
185 {
186 }
187 
188 static struct rcu_scale_ops rcu_ops = {
189 	.ptype		= RCU_FLAVOR,
190 	.init		= rcu_sync_scale_init,
191 	.readlock	= rcu_scale_read_lock,
192 	.readunlock	= rcu_scale_read_unlock,
193 	.get_gp_seq	= rcu_get_gp_seq,
194 	.gp_diff	= rcu_seq_diff,
195 	.exp_completed	= rcu_exp_batches_completed,
196 	.async		= call_rcu_hurry,
197 	.gp_barrier	= rcu_barrier,
198 	.sync		= synchronize_rcu,
199 	.exp_sync	= synchronize_rcu_expedited,
200 	.name		= "rcu"
201 };
202 
203 /*
204  * Definitions for srcu scalability testing.
205  */
206 
207 DEFINE_STATIC_SRCU(srcu_ctl_scale);
208 static struct srcu_struct *srcu_ctlp = &srcu_ctl_scale;
209 
srcu_scale_read_lock(void)210 static int srcu_scale_read_lock(void) __acquires(srcu_ctlp)
211 {
212 	return srcu_read_lock(srcu_ctlp);
213 }
214 
srcu_scale_read_unlock(int idx)215 static void srcu_scale_read_unlock(int idx) __releases(srcu_ctlp)
216 {
217 	srcu_read_unlock(srcu_ctlp, idx);
218 }
219 
srcu_scale_completed(void)220 static unsigned long srcu_scale_completed(void)
221 {
222 	return srcu_batches_completed(srcu_ctlp);
223 }
224 
srcu_call_rcu(struct rcu_head * head,rcu_callback_t func)225 static void srcu_call_rcu(struct rcu_head *head, rcu_callback_t func)
226 {
227 	call_srcu(srcu_ctlp, head, func);
228 }
229 
srcu_rcu_barrier(void)230 static void srcu_rcu_barrier(void)
231 {
232 	srcu_barrier(srcu_ctlp);
233 }
234 
srcu_scale_synchronize(void)235 static void srcu_scale_synchronize(void)
236 {
237 	synchronize_srcu(srcu_ctlp);
238 }
239 
srcu_scale_stats(void)240 static void srcu_scale_stats(void)
241 {
242 	srcu_torture_stats_print(srcu_ctlp, scale_type, SCALE_FLAG);
243 }
244 
srcu_scale_synchronize_expedited(void)245 static void srcu_scale_synchronize_expedited(void)
246 {
247 	synchronize_srcu_expedited(srcu_ctlp);
248 }
249 
250 static struct rcu_scale_ops srcu_ops = {
251 	.ptype		= SRCU_FLAVOR,
252 	.init		= rcu_sync_scale_init,
253 	.readlock	= srcu_scale_read_lock,
254 	.readunlock	= srcu_scale_read_unlock,
255 	.get_gp_seq	= srcu_scale_completed,
256 	.gp_diff	= rcu_seq_diff,
257 	.exp_completed	= srcu_scale_completed,
258 	.async		= srcu_call_rcu,
259 	.gp_barrier	= srcu_rcu_barrier,
260 	.sync		= srcu_scale_synchronize,
261 	.exp_sync	= srcu_scale_synchronize_expedited,
262 	.stats		= srcu_scale_stats,
263 	.name		= "srcu"
264 };
265 
266 static struct srcu_struct srcud;
267 
srcu_sync_scale_init(void)268 static void srcu_sync_scale_init(void)
269 {
270 	srcu_ctlp = &srcud;
271 	init_srcu_struct(srcu_ctlp);
272 }
273 
srcu_sync_scale_cleanup(void)274 static void srcu_sync_scale_cleanup(void)
275 {
276 	cleanup_srcu_struct(srcu_ctlp);
277 }
278 
279 static struct rcu_scale_ops srcud_ops = {
280 	.ptype		= SRCU_FLAVOR,
281 	.init		= srcu_sync_scale_init,
282 	.cleanup	= srcu_sync_scale_cleanup,
283 	.readlock	= srcu_scale_read_lock,
284 	.readunlock	= srcu_scale_read_unlock,
285 	.get_gp_seq	= srcu_scale_completed,
286 	.gp_diff	= rcu_seq_diff,
287 	.exp_completed	= srcu_scale_completed,
288 	.async		= srcu_call_rcu,
289 	.gp_barrier	= srcu_rcu_barrier,
290 	.sync		= srcu_scale_synchronize,
291 	.exp_sync	= srcu_scale_synchronize_expedited,
292 	.stats		= srcu_scale_stats,
293 	.name		= "srcud"
294 };
295 
296 #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_RCU
297 
298 /*
299  * Definitions for RCU-tasks scalability testing.
300  */
301 
tasks_scale_read_lock(void)302 static int tasks_scale_read_lock(void)
303 {
304 	return 0;
305 }
306 
tasks_scale_read_unlock(int idx)307 static void tasks_scale_read_unlock(int idx)
308 {
309 }
310 
rcu_tasks_scale_stats(void)311 static void rcu_tasks_scale_stats(void)
312 {
313 	rcu_tasks_torture_stats_print(scale_type, SCALE_FLAG);
314 }
315 
316 static struct rcu_scale_ops tasks_ops = {
317 	.ptype		= RCU_TASKS_FLAVOR,
318 	.init		= rcu_sync_scale_init,
319 	.readlock	= tasks_scale_read_lock,
320 	.readunlock	= tasks_scale_read_unlock,
321 	.get_gp_seq	= rcu_no_completed,
322 	.gp_diff	= rcu_seq_diff,
323 	.async		= call_rcu_tasks,
324 	.gp_barrier	= rcu_barrier_tasks,
325 	.sync		= synchronize_rcu_tasks,
326 	.exp_sync	= synchronize_rcu_tasks,
327 	.rso_gp_kthread	= get_rcu_tasks_gp_kthread,
328 	.stats		= IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_TINY_RCU) ? NULL : rcu_tasks_scale_stats,
329 	.name		= "tasks"
330 };
331 
332 #define TASKS_OPS &tasks_ops,
333 
334 #else // #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_RCU
335 
336 #define TASKS_OPS
337 
338 #endif // #else // #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_RCU
339 
340 #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_RUDE_RCU
341 
342 /*
343  * Definitions for RCU-tasks-rude scalability testing.
344  */
345 
tasks_rude_scale_read_lock(void)346 static int tasks_rude_scale_read_lock(void)
347 {
348 	return 0;
349 }
350 
tasks_rude_scale_read_unlock(int idx)351 static void tasks_rude_scale_read_unlock(int idx)
352 {
353 }
354 
rcu_tasks_rude_scale_stats(void)355 static void rcu_tasks_rude_scale_stats(void)
356 {
357 	rcu_tasks_rude_torture_stats_print(scale_type, SCALE_FLAG);
358 }
359 
360 static struct rcu_scale_ops tasks_rude_ops = {
361 	.ptype		= RCU_TASKS_RUDE_FLAVOR,
362 	.init		= rcu_sync_scale_init,
363 	.readlock	= tasks_rude_scale_read_lock,
364 	.readunlock	= tasks_rude_scale_read_unlock,
365 	.get_gp_seq	= rcu_no_completed,
366 	.gp_diff	= rcu_seq_diff,
367 	.sync		= synchronize_rcu_tasks_rude,
368 	.exp_sync	= synchronize_rcu_tasks_rude,
369 	.rso_gp_kthread	= get_rcu_tasks_rude_gp_kthread,
370 	.stats		= IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_TINY_RCU) ? NULL : rcu_tasks_rude_scale_stats,
371 	.name		= "tasks-rude"
372 };
373 
374 #define TASKS_RUDE_OPS &tasks_rude_ops,
375 
376 #else // #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_RUDE_RCU
377 
378 #define TASKS_RUDE_OPS
379 
380 #endif // #else // #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_RUDE_RCU
381 
382 #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_TRACE_RCU
383 
384 /*
385  * Definitions for RCU-tasks-trace scalability testing.
386  */
387 
tasks_trace_scale_read_lock(void)388 static int tasks_trace_scale_read_lock(void)
389 {
390 	rcu_read_lock_trace();
391 	return 0;
392 }
393 
tasks_trace_scale_read_unlock(int idx)394 static void tasks_trace_scale_read_unlock(int idx)
395 {
396 	rcu_read_unlock_trace();
397 }
398 
399 static struct rcu_scale_ops tasks_tracing_ops = {
400 	.ptype		= RCU_TASKS_FLAVOR,
401 	.init		= rcu_sync_scale_init,
402 	.readlock	= tasks_trace_scale_read_lock,
403 	.readunlock	= tasks_trace_scale_read_unlock,
404 	.get_gp_seq	= rcu_no_completed,
405 	.gp_diff	= rcu_seq_diff,
406 	.async		= call_rcu_tasks_trace,
407 	.gp_barrier	= rcu_barrier_tasks_trace,
408 	.sync		= synchronize_rcu_tasks_trace,
409 	.exp_sync	= synchronize_rcu_tasks_trace,
410 	.name		= "tasks-tracing"
411 };
412 
413 #define TASKS_TRACING_OPS &tasks_tracing_ops,
414 
415 #else // #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_TRACE_RCU
416 
417 #define TASKS_TRACING_OPS
418 
419 #endif // #else // #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_TRACE_RCU
420 
rcuscale_seq_diff(unsigned long new,unsigned long old)421 static unsigned long rcuscale_seq_diff(unsigned long new, unsigned long old)
422 {
423 	if (!cur_ops->gp_diff)
424 		return new - old;
425 	return cur_ops->gp_diff(new, old);
426 }
427 
428 /*
429  * If scalability tests complete, wait for shutdown to commence.
430  */
rcu_scale_wait_shutdown(void)431 static void rcu_scale_wait_shutdown(void)
432 {
433 	cond_resched_tasks_rcu_qs();
434 	if (atomic_read(&n_rcu_scale_writer_finished) < nrealwriters)
435 		return;
436 	while (!torture_must_stop())
437 		schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);
438 }
439 
440 /*
441  * RCU scalability reader kthread.  Repeatedly does empty RCU read-side
442  * critical section, minimizing update-side interference.  However, the
443  * point of this test is not to evaluate reader scalability, but instead
444  * to serve as a test load for update-side scalability testing.
445  */
446 static int
rcu_scale_reader(void * arg)447 rcu_scale_reader(void *arg)
448 {
449 	unsigned long flags;
450 	int idx;
451 	long me = (long)arg;
452 
453 	VERBOSE_SCALEOUT_STRING("rcu_scale_reader task started");
454 	set_cpus_allowed_ptr(current, cpumask_of(me % nr_cpu_ids));
455 	set_user_nice(current, MAX_NICE);
456 	atomic_inc(&n_rcu_scale_reader_started);
457 
458 	do {
459 		local_irq_save(flags);
460 		idx = cur_ops->readlock();
461 		cur_ops->readunlock(idx);
462 		local_irq_restore(flags);
463 		rcu_scale_wait_shutdown();
464 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
465 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_scale_reader");
466 	return 0;
467 }
468 
469 /*
470  * RCU expedited GP kthread.  Repeatedly invokes expedited grace periods
471  * to generate concurrent expedited GP load while the normal-GP writers
472  * are being measured.  This allows measuring the benefit of callbacks
473  * that can piggyback on expedited grace periods.
474  */
475 static int
rcu_scale_exp(void * arg)476 rcu_scale_exp(void *arg)
477 {
478 	long me = (long)arg;
479 
480 	VERBOSE_SCALEOUT_STRING("rcu_scale_exp task started");
481 	set_cpus_allowed_ptr(current, cpumask_of(me % nr_cpu_ids));
482 	set_user_nice(current, MIN_NICE);
483 
484 	if (holdoff)
485 		schedule_timeout_idle(holdoff * HZ);
486 
487 	do {
488 		if (exp_interval)
489 			udelay(exp_interval);
490 		cur_ops->exp_sync();
491 		rcu_scale_wait_shutdown();
492 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
493 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_scale_exp");
494 	return 0;
495 }
496 
497 /*
498  * Allocate a writer_mblock structure for the specified rcu_scale_writer
499  * task.
500  */
rcu_scale_alloc(long me)501 static struct writer_mblock *rcu_scale_alloc(long me)
502 {
503 	struct llist_node *llnp;
504 	struct writer_freelist *wflp;
505 	struct writer_mblock *wmbp;
506 
507 	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!writer_freelists))
508 		return NULL;
509 	wflp = &writer_freelists[me];
510 	if (llist_empty(&wflp->ws_lhp)) {
511 		// ->ws_lhp is private to its rcu_scale_writer task.
512 		wmbp = container_of(llist_del_all(&wflp->ws_lhg), struct writer_mblock, wmb_node);
513 		wflp->ws_lhp.first = &wmbp->wmb_node;
514 	}
515 	llnp = llist_del_first(&wflp->ws_lhp);
516 	if (!llnp)
517 		return NULL;
518 	return container_of(llnp, struct writer_mblock, wmb_node);
519 }
520 
521 /*
522  * Free a writer_mblock structure to its rcu_scale_writer task.
523  */
rcu_scale_free(struct writer_mblock * wmbp)524 static void rcu_scale_free(struct writer_mblock *wmbp)
525 {
526 	struct writer_freelist *wflp;
527 
528 	if (!wmbp)
529 		return;
530 	wflp = wmbp->wmb_wfl;
531 	llist_add(&wmbp->wmb_node, &wflp->ws_lhg);
532 }
533 
534 /*
535  * Callback function for asynchronous grace periods from rcu_scale_writer().
536  */
rcu_scale_async_cb(struct rcu_head * rhp)537 static void rcu_scale_async_cb(struct rcu_head *rhp)
538 {
539 	struct writer_mblock *wmbp = container_of(rhp, struct writer_mblock, wmb_rh);
540 	struct writer_freelist *wflp = wmbp->wmb_wfl;
541 
542 	atomic_dec(&wflp->ws_inflight);
543 	rcu_scale_free(wmbp);
544 }
545 
546 static void rcu_scale_cleanup(void);
547 
548 /*
549  * RCU scale writer kthread.  Repeatedly does a grace period.
550  */
551 static int
rcu_scale_writer(void * arg)552 rcu_scale_writer(void *arg)
553 {
554 	int i = 0;
555 	int i_max;
556 	unsigned long jdone;
557 	long me = (long)arg;
558 	bool selfreport = false;
559 	bool started = false, done = false, alldone = false;
560 	u64 t;
561 	DEFINE_TORTURE_RANDOM(tr);
562 	u64 *wdp;
563 	u64 *wdpp = writer_durations[me];
564 	struct writer_freelist *wflp = &writer_freelists[me];
565 	struct writer_mblock *wmbp = NULL;
566 
567 	VERBOSE_SCALEOUT_STRING("rcu_scale_writer task started");
568 	WARN_ON(!wdpp);
569 	set_cpus_allowed_ptr(current, cpumask_of(me % nr_cpu_ids));
570 	current->flags |= PF_NO_SETAFFINITY;
571 	sched_set_fifo_low(current);
572 
573 	if (holdoff)
574 		schedule_timeout_idle(holdoff * HZ);
575 
576 	/*
577 	 * Wait until rcu_end_inkernel_boot() is called for normal GP tests
578 	 * so that RCU is not always expedited for normal GP tests.
579 	 * The system_state test is approximate, but works well in practice.
580 	 */
581 	while (!gp_exp && system_state != SYSTEM_RUNNING)
582 		schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);
583 
584 	t = ktime_get_mono_fast_ns();
585 	if (atomic_inc_return(&n_rcu_scale_writer_started) >= nrealwriters) {
586 		t_rcu_scale_writer_started = t;
587 		if (gp_exp) {
588 			b_rcu_gp_test_started =
589 				cur_ops->exp_completed() / 2;
590 		} else {
591 			b_rcu_gp_test_started = cur_ops->get_gp_seq();
592 		}
593 	}
594 
595 	jdone = jiffies + minruntime * HZ;
596 	do {
597 		bool gp_succeeded = false;
598 
599 		if (writer_holdoff)
600 			udelay(writer_holdoff);
601 		if (writer_holdoff_jiffies)
602 			schedule_timeout_idle(torture_random(&tr) % writer_holdoff_jiffies + 1);
603 		wdp = &wdpp[i];
604 		*wdp = ktime_get_mono_fast_ns();
605 		if (gp_async && !WARN_ON_ONCE(!cur_ops->async)) {
606 			if (!wmbp)
607 				wmbp = rcu_scale_alloc(me);
608 			if (wmbp && atomic_read(&wflp->ws_inflight) < gp_async_max) {
609 				atomic_inc(&wflp->ws_inflight);
610 				cur_ops->async(&wmbp->wmb_rh, rcu_scale_async_cb);
611 				wmbp = NULL;
612 				gp_succeeded = true;
613 			} else if (!kthread_should_stop()) {
614 				cur_ops->gp_barrier();
615 			} else {
616 				rcu_scale_free(wmbp); /* Because we are stopping. */
617 				wmbp = NULL;
618 			}
619 		} else if (gp_exp) {
620 			cur_ops->exp_sync();
621 			gp_succeeded = true;
622 		} else {
623 			cur_ops->sync();
624 			gp_succeeded = true;
625 		}
626 		t = ktime_get_mono_fast_ns();
627 		*wdp = t - *wdp;
628 		i_max = i;
629 		if (!started &&
630 		    atomic_read(&n_rcu_scale_writer_started) >= nrealwriters)
631 			started = true;
632 		if (!done && i >= MIN_MEAS && time_after(jiffies, jdone)) {
633 			done = true;
634 			WRITE_ONCE(writer_done[me], true);
635 			sched_set_normal(current, 0);
636 			pr_alert("%s%s rcu_scale_writer %ld has %d measurements\n",
637 				 scale_type, SCALE_FLAG, me, MIN_MEAS);
638 			if (atomic_inc_return(&n_rcu_scale_writer_finished) >=
639 			    nrealwriters) {
640 				schedule_timeout_interruptible(10);
641 				rcu_ftrace_dump(DUMP_ALL);
642 				SCALEOUT_STRING("Test complete");
643 				t_rcu_scale_writer_finished = t;
644 				if (gp_exp) {
645 					b_rcu_gp_test_finished =
646 						cur_ops->exp_completed() / 2;
647 				} else {
648 					b_rcu_gp_test_finished =
649 						cur_ops->get_gp_seq();
650 				}
651 				if (shutdown_secs) {
652 					writer_tasks[me] = NULL;
653 					smp_mb(); /* Assign before wake. */
654 					rcu_scale_cleanup();
655 					kernel_power_off();
656 				}
657 			}
658 		}
659 		if (done && !alldone &&
660 		    atomic_read(&n_rcu_scale_writer_finished) >= nrealwriters)
661 			alldone = true;
662 		if (done && !alldone && time_after(jiffies, jdone + HZ * 60)) {
663 			static atomic_t dumped;
664 			int i;
665 
666 			if (!atomic_xchg(&dumped, 1)) {
667 				for (i = 0; i < nrealwriters; i++) {
668 					if (writer_done[i])
669 						continue;
670 					pr_info("%s: Task %ld flags writer %d:\n", __func__, me, i);
671 					sched_show_task(writer_tasks[i]);
672 				}
673 				if (cur_ops->stats)
674 					cur_ops->stats();
675 			}
676 		}
677 		if (!selfreport && time_after(jiffies, jdone + HZ * (70 + me))) {
678 			pr_info("%s: Writer %ld self-report: started %d done %d/%d->%d i %d jdone %lu.\n",
679 				__func__, me, started, done, writer_done[me], atomic_read(&n_rcu_scale_writer_finished), i, jiffies - jdone);
680 			selfreport = true;
681 		}
682 		if (gp_succeeded && started && !alldone && i < MAX_MEAS - 1)
683 			i++;
684 		rcu_scale_wait_shutdown();
685 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
686 	if (gp_async && cur_ops->async) {
687 		rcu_scale_free(wmbp);
688 		cur_ops->gp_barrier();
689 	}
690 	writer_n_durations[me] = i_max + 1;
691 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_scale_writer");
692 	return 0;
693 }
694 
695 static void
rcu_scale_print_module_parms(struct rcu_scale_ops * cur_ops,const char * tag)696 rcu_scale_print_module_parms(struct rcu_scale_ops *cur_ops, const char *tag)
697 {
698 	pr_alert("%s" SCALE_FLAG
699 		 "--- %s: gp_async=%d gp_async_max=%d gp_exp=%d holdoff=%d minruntime=%d nreaders=%d nwriters=%d nexp=%d exp_interval=%d writer_holdoff=%d writer_holdoff_jiffies=%d verbose=%d shutdown_secs=%d\n",
700 		 scale_type, tag, gp_async, gp_async_max, gp_exp, holdoff,
701 		 minruntime, nrealreaders, nrealwriters, nrealexp, exp_interval,
702 		 writer_holdoff, writer_holdoff_jiffies, verbose, shutdown_secs);
703 }
704 
705 /*
706  * Return the number if non-negative.  If -1, the number of CPUs.
707  * If less than -1, that much less than the number of CPUs, but
708  * at least one.
709  */
compute_real(int n)710 static int compute_real(int n)
711 {
712 	int nr;
713 
714 	if (n >= 0) {
715 		nr = n;
716 	} else {
717 		nr = num_online_cpus() + 1 + n;
718 		if (nr <= 0)
719 			nr = 1;
720 	}
721 	return nr;
722 }
723 
724 /*
725  * kfree_rcu() scalability tests: Start a kfree_rcu() loop on all CPUs for number
726  * of iterations and measure total time and number of GP for all iterations to complete.
727  */
728 
729 torture_param(int, kfree_nthreads, -1, "Number of threads running loops of kfree_rcu().");
730 torture_param(int, kfree_alloc_num, 8000, "Number of allocations and frees done in an iteration.");
731 torture_param(int, kfree_loops, 10, "Number of loops doing kfree_alloc_num allocations and frees.");
732 torture_param(bool, kfree_rcu_test_double, false, "Do we run a kfree_rcu() double-argument scale test?");
733 torture_param(bool, kfree_rcu_test_single, false, "Do we run a kfree_rcu() single-argument scale test?");
734 
735 static struct task_struct **kfree_reader_tasks;
736 static int kfree_nrealthreads;
737 static atomic_t n_kfree_scale_thread_started;
738 static atomic_t n_kfree_scale_thread_ended;
739 static struct task_struct *kthread_tp;
740 static u64 kthread_stime;
741 
742 struct kfree_obj {
743 	char kfree_obj[8];
744 	struct rcu_head rh;
745 };
746 
747 /* Used if doing RCU-kfree'ing via call_rcu(). */
kfree_call_rcu(struct rcu_head * rh)748 static void kfree_call_rcu(struct rcu_head *rh)
749 {
750 	struct kfree_obj *obj = container_of(rh, struct kfree_obj, rh);
751 
752 	kfree(obj);
753 }
754 
755 static void kfree_scale_cleanup(void);
756 
757 static int
kfree_scale_thread(void * arg)758 kfree_scale_thread(void *arg)
759 {
760 	int i, loop = 0;
761 	long me = (long)arg;
762 	struct kfree_obj *alloc_ptr;
763 	u64 start_time, end_time;
764 	long long mem_begin, mem_during = 0;
765 	bool kfree_rcu_test_both;
766 	DEFINE_TORTURE_RANDOM(tr);
767 
768 	VERBOSE_SCALEOUT_STRING("kfree_scale_thread task started");
769 	set_cpus_allowed_ptr(current, cpumask_of(me % nr_cpu_ids));
770 	set_user_nice(current, MAX_NICE);
771 	kfree_rcu_test_both = (kfree_rcu_test_single == kfree_rcu_test_double);
772 
773 	start_time = ktime_get_mono_fast_ns();
774 
775 	if (atomic_inc_return(&n_kfree_scale_thread_started) >= kfree_nrealthreads) {
776 		if (gp_exp)
777 			b_rcu_gp_test_started = cur_ops->exp_completed() / 2;
778 		else
779 			b_rcu_gp_test_started = cur_ops->get_gp_seq();
780 	}
781 
782 	do {
783 		if (!mem_during) {
784 			mem_during = mem_begin = si_mem_available();
785 		} else if (loop % (kfree_loops / 4) == 0) {
786 			mem_during = (mem_during + si_mem_available()) / 2;
787 		}
788 
789 		for (i = 0; i < kfree_alloc_num; i++) {
790 			alloc_ptr = kzalloc_objs(struct kfree_obj, kfree_mult);
791 			if (!alloc_ptr)
792 				return -ENOMEM;
793 
794 			if (kfree_by_call_rcu) {
795 				call_rcu(&(alloc_ptr->rh), kfree_call_rcu);
796 				continue;
797 			}
798 
799 			// By default kfree_rcu_test_single and kfree_rcu_test_double are
800 			// initialized to false. If both have the same value (false or true)
801 			// both are randomly tested, otherwise only the one with value true
802 			// is tested.
803 			if ((kfree_rcu_test_single && !kfree_rcu_test_double) ||
804 					(kfree_rcu_test_both && torture_random(&tr) & 0x800))
805 				kfree_rcu_mightsleep(alloc_ptr);
806 			else
807 				kfree_rcu(alloc_ptr, rh);
808 		}
809 
810 		cond_resched();
811 	} while (!torture_must_stop() && ++loop < kfree_loops);
812 
813 	if (atomic_inc_return(&n_kfree_scale_thread_ended) >= kfree_nrealthreads) {
814 		end_time = ktime_get_mono_fast_ns();
815 
816 		if (gp_exp)
817 			b_rcu_gp_test_finished = cur_ops->exp_completed() / 2;
818 		else
819 			b_rcu_gp_test_finished = cur_ops->get_gp_seq();
820 
821 		pr_alert("Total time taken by all kfree'ers: %llu ns, loops: %d, batches: %ld, memory footprint: %lldMB\n",
822 		       (unsigned long long)(end_time - start_time), kfree_loops,
823 		       rcuscale_seq_diff(b_rcu_gp_test_finished, b_rcu_gp_test_started),
824 		       PAGES_TO_MB(mem_begin - mem_during));
825 
826 		if (shutdown_secs) {
827 			kfree_reader_tasks[me] = NULL;
828 			smp_mb(); /* Assign before wake. */
829 			kfree_scale_cleanup();
830 			kernel_power_off();
831 		}
832 	}
833 
834 	torture_kthread_stopping("kfree_scale_thread");
835 	return 0;
836 }
837 
838 static void
kfree_scale_cleanup(void)839 kfree_scale_cleanup(void)
840 {
841 	int i;
842 
843 	if (torture_cleanup_begin())
844 		return;
845 
846 	if (exp_tasks) {
847 		for (i = 0; i < nrealexp; i++)
848 			torture_stop_kthread(rcu_scale_exp, exp_tasks[i]);
849 		kfree(exp_tasks);
850 		exp_tasks = NULL;
851 	}
852 
853 	if (kfree_reader_tasks) {
854 		for (i = 0; i < kfree_nrealthreads; i++)
855 			torture_stop_kthread(kfree_scale_thread,
856 					     kfree_reader_tasks[i]);
857 		kfree(kfree_reader_tasks);
858 		kfree_reader_tasks = NULL;
859 	}
860 
861 	torture_cleanup_end();
862 }
863 
864 // Used if doing RCU-kfree'ing via call_rcu().
865 static unsigned long jiffies_at_lazy_cb;
866 static struct rcu_head lazy_test1_rh;
867 static int rcu_lazy_test1_cb_called;
call_rcu_lazy_test1(struct rcu_head * rh)868 static void call_rcu_lazy_test1(struct rcu_head *rh)
869 {
870 	jiffies_at_lazy_cb = jiffies;
871 	WRITE_ONCE(rcu_lazy_test1_cb_called, 1);
872 }
873 
874 static int __init
kfree_scale_init(void)875 kfree_scale_init(void)
876 {
877 	int firsterr = 0;
878 	long i;
879 	unsigned long jif_start;
880 	unsigned long orig_jif;
881 
882 	pr_alert("%s" SCALE_FLAG
883 		 "--- kfree_rcu_test: kfree_mult=%d kfree_by_call_rcu=%d kfree_nthreads=%d kfree_alloc_num=%d kfree_loops=%d kfree_rcu_test_double=%d kfree_rcu_test_single=%d\n",
884 		 scale_type, kfree_mult, kfree_by_call_rcu, kfree_nthreads, kfree_alloc_num, kfree_loops, kfree_rcu_test_double, kfree_rcu_test_single);
885 
886 	// Also, do a quick self-test to ensure laziness is as much as
887 	// expected.
888 	if (kfree_by_call_rcu && !IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RCU_LAZY)) {
889 		pr_alert("CONFIG_RCU_LAZY is disabled, falling back to kfree_rcu() for delayed RCU kfree'ing\n");
890 		kfree_by_call_rcu = 0;
891 	}
892 
893 	if (kfree_by_call_rcu) {
894 		/* do a test to check the timeout. */
895 		orig_jif = rcu_get_jiffies_lazy_flush();
896 
897 		rcu_set_jiffies_lazy_flush(2 * HZ);
898 		rcu_barrier();
899 
900 		jif_start = jiffies;
901 		jiffies_at_lazy_cb = 0;
902 		call_rcu(&lazy_test1_rh, call_rcu_lazy_test1);
903 
904 		smp_cond_load_relaxed(&rcu_lazy_test1_cb_called, VAL == 1);
905 
906 		rcu_set_jiffies_lazy_flush(orig_jif);
907 
908 		if (WARN_ON_ONCE(jiffies_at_lazy_cb - jif_start < 2 * HZ)) {
909 			pr_alert("ERROR: call_rcu() CBs are not being lazy as expected!\n");
910 			firsterr = -1;
911 			goto unwind;
912 		}
913 
914 		if (WARN_ON_ONCE(jiffies_at_lazy_cb - jif_start > 3 * HZ)) {
915 			pr_alert("ERROR: call_rcu() CBs are being too lazy!\n");
916 			firsterr = -1;
917 			goto unwind;
918 		}
919 	}
920 
921 	kfree_nrealthreads = compute_real(kfree_nthreads);
922 	/* Start up the kthreads. */
923 	if (shutdown_secs) {
924 		firsterr = torture_shutdown_init(shutdown_secs, kfree_scale_cleanup);
925 		if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
926 			goto unwind;
927 	}
928 
929 	pr_alert("kfree object size=%zu, kfree_by_call_rcu=%d\n",
930 			kfree_mult * sizeof(struct kfree_obj),
931 			kfree_by_call_rcu);
932 
933 	kfree_reader_tasks = kzalloc_objs(kfree_reader_tasks[0],
934 					  kfree_nrealthreads);
935 	if (kfree_reader_tasks == NULL) {
936 		firsterr = -ENOMEM;
937 		goto unwind;
938 	}
939 
940 	for (i = 0; i < kfree_nrealthreads; i++) {
941 		firsterr = torture_create_kthread(kfree_scale_thread, (void *)i,
942 						  kfree_reader_tasks[i]);
943 		if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
944 			goto unwind;
945 	}
946 
947 	if (nrealexp > 0 && cur_ops->exp_sync) {
948 		exp_tasks = kzalloc_objs(exp_tasks[0], nrealexp);
949 		if (!exp_tasks) {
950 			SCALEOUT_ERRSTRING("out of memory");
951 			firsterr = -ENOMEM;
952 			goto unwind;
953 		}
954 		for (i = 0; i < nrealexp; i++) {
955 			firsterr = torture_create_kthread(rcu_scale_exp,
956 							  (void *)i,
957 							  exp_tasks[i]);
958 			if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
959 				goto unwind;
960 		}
961 	}
962 
963 	while (atomic_read(&n_kfree_scale_thread_started) < kfree_nrealthreads)
964 		schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);
965 
966 	torture_init_end();
967 	return 0;
968 
969 unwind:
970 	torture_init_end();
971 	kfree_scale_cleanup();
972 	return firsterr;
973 }
974 
975 static void
rcu_scale_cleanup(void)976 rcu_scale_cleanup(void)
977 {
978 	int i;
979 	int j;
980 	int ngps = 0;
981 	u64 *wdp;
982 	u64 *wdpp;
983 
984 	/*
985 	 * Would like warning at start, but everything is expedited
986 	 * during the mid-boot phase, so have to wait till the end.
987 	 */
988 	if (rcu_gp_is_expedited() && !rcu_gp_is_normal() && !gp_exp)
989 		SCALEOUT_ERRSTRING("All grace periods expedited, no normal ones to measure!");
990 	if (rcu_gp_is_normal() && gp_exp)
991 		SCALEOUT_ERRSTRING("All grace periods normal, no expedited ones to measure!");
992 	if (gp_exp && gp_async)
993 		SCALEOUT_ERRSTRING("No expedited async GPs, so went with async!");
994 
995 	// If built-in, just report all of the GP kthread's CPU time.
996 	if (IS_BUILTIN(CONFIG_RCU_SCALE_TEST) && !kthread_tp && cur_ops->rso_gp_kthread)
997 		kthread_tp = cur_ops->rso_gp_kthread();
998 	if (kthread_tp) {
999 		u32 ns;
1000 		u64 us;
1001 
1002 		kthread_stime = kthread_tp->stime - kthread_stime;
1003 		us = div_u64_rem(kthread_stime, 1000, &ns);
1004 		pr_info("rcu_scale: Grace-period kthread CPU time: %llu.%03u us\n", us, ns);
1005 		show_rcu_gp_kthreads();
1006 	}
1007 	if (kfree_rcu_test) {
1008 		kfree_scale_cleanup();
1009 		return;
1010 	}
1011 
1012 	if (torture_cleanup_begin())
1013 		return;
1014 	if (!cur_ops) {
1015 		torture_cleanup_end();
1016 		return;
1017 	}
1018 
1019 	if (exp_tasks) {
1020 		for (i = 0; i < nrealexp; i++)
1021 			torture_stop_kthread(rcu_scale_exp, exp_tasks[i]);
1022 		kfree(exp_tasks);
1023 		exp_tasks = NULL;
1024 	}
1025 
1026 	if (reader_tasks) {
1027 		for (i = 0; i < nrealreaders; i++)
1028 			torture_stop_kthread(rcu_scale_reader,
1029 					     reader_tasks[i]);
1030 		kfree(reader_tasks);
1031 		reader_tasks = NULL;
1032 	}
1033 
1034 	if (writer_tasks) {
1035 		for (i = 0; i < nrealwriters; i++) {
1036 			torture_stop_kthread(rcu_scale_writer,
1037 					     writer_tasks[i]);
1038 			if (!writer_n_durations)
1039 				continue;
1040 			j = writer_n_durations[i];
1041 			pr_alert("%s%s writer %d gps: %d\n",
1042 				 scale_type, SCALE_FLAG, i, j);
1043 			ngps += j;
1044 		}
1045 		pr_alert("%s%s start: %llu end: %llu duration: %llu gps: %d batches: %ld\n",
1046 			 scale_type, SCALE_FLAG,
1047 			 t_rcu_scale_writer_started, t_rcu_scale_writer_finished,
1048 			 t_rcu_scale_writer_finished -
1049 			 t_rcu_scale_writer_started,
1050 			 ngps,
1051 			 rcuscale_seq_diff(b_rcu_gp_test_finished,
1052 					   b_rcu_gp_test_started));
1053 		for (i = 0; i < nrealwriters; i++) {
1054 			if (!writer_durations)
1055 				break;
1056 			if (!writer_n_durations)
1057 				continue;
1058 			wdpp = writer_durations[i];
1059 			if (!wdpp)
1060 				continue;
1061 			for (j = 0; j < writer_n_durations[i]; j++) {
1062 				wdp = &wdpp[j];
1063 				pr_alert("%s%s %4d writer-duration: %5d %llu\n",
1064 					scale_type, SCALE_FLAG,
1065 					i, j, *wdp);
1066 				if (j % 100 == 0)
1067 					schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);
1068 			}
1069 			kfree(writer_durations[i]);
1070 			if (writer_freelists) {
1071 				int ctr = 0;
1072 				struct llist_node *llnp;
1073 				struct writer_freelist *wflp = &writer_freelists[i];
1074 
1075 				if (wflp->ws_mblocks) {
1076 					llist_for_each(llnp, wflp->ws_lhg.first)
1077 						ctr++;
1078 					llist_for_each(llnp, wflp->ws_lhp.first)
1079 						ctr++;
1080 					WARN_ONCE(ctr != gp_async_max,
1081 						  "%s: ctr = %d gp_async_max = %d\n",
1082 						  __func__, ctr, gp_async_max);
1083 					kfree(wflp->ws_mblocks);
1084 				}
1085 			}
1086 		}
1087 		kfree(writer_tasks);
1088 		writer_tasks = NULL;
1089 		kfree(writer_durations);
1090 		writer_durations = NULL;
1091 		kfree(writer_n_durations);
1092 		writer_n_durations = NULL;
1093 		kfree(writer_done);
1094 		writer_done = NULL;
1095 		kfree(writer_freelists);
1096 		writer_freelists = NULL;
1097 	}
1098 
1099 	/* Do torture-type-specific cleanup operations.  */
1100 	if (cur_ops->cleanup != NULL)
1101 		cur_ops->cleanup();
1102 
1103 	torture_cleanup_end();
1104 }
1105 
1106 static int __init
rcu_scale_init(void)1107 rcu_scale_init(void)
1108 {
1109 	int firsterr = 0;
1110 	long i;
1111 	long j;
1112 	static struct rcu_scale_ops *scale_ops[] = {
1113 		&rcu_ops, &srcu_ops, &srcud_ops, TASKS_OPS TASKS_RUDE_OPS TASKS_TRACING_OPS
1114 	};
1115 
1116 	if (!torture_init_begin(scale_type, verbose))
1117 		return -EBUSY;
1118 
1119 	/* Process args and announce that the scalability'er is on the job. */
1120 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(scale_ops); i++) {
1121 		cur_ops = scale_ops[i];
1122 		if (strcmp(scale_type, cur_ops->name) == 0)
1123 			break;
1124 	}
1125 	if (i == ARRAY_SIZE(scale_ops)) {
1126 		pr_alert("rcu-scale: invalid scale type: \"%s\"\n", scale_type);
1127 		pr_alert("rcu-scale types:");
1128 		for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(scale_ops); i++)
1129 			pr_cont(" %s", scale_ops[i]->name);
1130 		pr_cont("\n");
1131 		firsterr = -EINVAL;
1132 		cur_ops = NULL;
1133 		goto unwind;
1134 	}
1135 	if (cur_ops->init)
1136 		cur_ops->init();
1137 
1138 	if (cur_ops->rso_gp_kthread) {
1139 		kthread_tp = cur_ops->rso_gp_kthread();
1140 		if (kthread_tp)
1141 			kthread_stime = kthread_tp->stime;
1142 	}
1143 	nrealexp = nexp;
1144 	if (kfree_rcu_test)
1145 		return kfree_scale_init();
1146 
1147 	nrealwriters = compute_real(nwriters);
1148 	nrealreaders = compute_real(nreaders);
1149 	atomic_set(&n_rcu_scale_reader_started, 0);
1150 	atomic_set(&n_rcu_scale_writer_started, 0);
1151 	atomic_set(&n_rcu_scale_writer_finished, 0);
1152 	rcu_scale_print_module_parms(cur_ops, "Start of test");
1153 
1154 	/* Start up the kthreads. */
1155 
1156 	if (shutdown_secs) {
1157 		firsterr = torture_shutdown_init(shutdown_secs, rcu_scale_cleanup);
1158 		if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
1159 			goto unwind;
1160 	}
1161 	reader_tasks = kzalloc_objs(reader_tasks[0], nrealreaders);
1162 	if (reader_tasks == NULL) {
1163 		SCALEOUT_ERRSTRING("out of memory");
1164 		firsterr = -ENOMEM;
1165 		goto unwind;
1166 	}
1167 	for (i = 0; i < nrealreaders; i++) {
1168 		firsterr = torture_create_kthread(rcu_scale_reader, (void *)i,
1169 						  reader_tasks[i]);
1170 		if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
1171 			goto unwind;
1172 	}
1173 	while (atomic_read(&n_rcu_scale_reader_started) < nrealreaders)
1174 		schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);
1175 	if (nrealexp > 0 && cur_ops->exp_sync) {
1176 		exp_tasks = kzalloc_objs(exp_tasks[0], nrealexp);
1177 		if (!exp_tasks) {
1178 			SCALEOUT_ERRSTRING("out of memory");
1179 			firsterr = -ENOMEM;
1180 			goto unwind;
1181 		}
1182 		for (i = 0; i < nrealexp; i++) {
1183 			firsterr = torture_create_kthread(rcu_scale_exp,
1184 							  (void *)i,
1185 							  exp_tasks[i]);
1186 			if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
1187 				goto unwind;
1188 		}
1189 	}
1190 	writer_tasks = kzalloc_objs(writer_tasks[0], nrealwriters);
1191 	writer_durations = kcalloc(nrealwriters, sizeof(*writer_durations), GFP_KERNEL);
1192 	writer_n_durations = kzalloc_objs(*writer_n_durations, nrealwriters);
1193 	writer_done = kzalloc_objs(writer_done[0], nrealwriters);
1194 	if (gp_async) {
1195 		if (gp_async_max <= 0) {
1196 			pr_warn("%s: gp_async_max = %d must be greater than zero.\n",
1197 				__func__, gp_async_max);
1198 			WARN_ON_ONCE(IS_BUILTIN(CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST));
1199 			firsterr = -EINVAL;
1200 			goto unwind;
1201 		}
1202 		writer_freelists = kzalloc_objs(writer_freelists[0],
1203 						nrealwriters);
1204 	}
1205 	if (!writer_tasks || !writer_durations || !writer_n_durations || !writer_done ||
1206 	    (gp_async && !writer_freelists)) {
1207 		SCALEOUT_ERRSTRING("out of memory");
1208 		firsterr = -ENOMEM;
1209 		goto unwind;
1210 	}
1211 	for (i = 0; i < nrealwriters; i++) {
1212 		writer_durations[i] =
1213 			kcalloc(MAX_MEAS, sizeof(*writer_durations[i]),
1214 				GFP_KERNEL);
1215 		if (!writer_durations[i]) {
1216 			firsterr = -ENOMEM;
1217 			goto unwind;
1218 		}
1219 		if (writer_freelists) {
1220 			struct writer_freelist *wflp = &writer_freelists[i];
1221 
1222 			init_llist_head(&wflp->ws_lhg);
1223 			init_llist_head(&wflp->ws_lhp);
1224 			wflp->ws_mblocks = kzalloc_objs(wflp->ws_mblocks[0],
1225 							gp_async_max);
1226 			if (!wflp->ws_mblocks) {
1227 				firsterr = -ENOMEM;
1228 				goto unwind;
1229 			}
1230 			for (j = 0; j < gp_async_max; j++) {
1231 				struct writer_mblock *wmbp = &wflp->ws_mblocks[j];
1232 
1233 				wmbp->wmb_wfl = wflp;
1234 				llist_add(&wmbp->wmb_node, &wflp->ws_lhp);
1235 			}
1236 		}
1237 		firsterr = torture_create_kthread(rcu_scale_writer, (void *)i,
1238 						  writer_tasks[i]);
1239 		if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
1240 			goto unwind;
1241 	}
1242 	torture_init_end();
1243 	return 0;
1244 
1245 unwind:
1246 	torture_init_end();
1247 	rcu_scale_cleanup();
1248 	if (shutdown_secs) {
1249 		WARN_ON(!IS_MODULE(CONFIG_RCU_SCALE_TEST));
1250 		kernel_power_off();
1251 	}
1252 	return firsterr;
1253 }
1254 
1255 module_init(rcu_scale_init);
1256 module_exit(rcu_scale_cleanup);
1257