xref: /linux/lib/ubsan.c (revision 43db1111073049220381944af4a3b8a5400eda71)

// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
 * UBSAN error reporting functions
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2014 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
 * Author: Andrey Ryabinin <ryabinin.a.a@gmail.com>
 */

#include <linux/bitops.h>
#include <linux/bug.h>
#include <linux/ctype.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/ubsan.h>
#include <kunit/test-bug.h>

#include "ubsan.h"

#if defined(CONFIG_UBSAN_TRAP) || defined(CONFIG_UBSAN_KVM_EL2)
/*
 * Only include matches for UBSAN checks that are actually compiled in.
 * The mappings of struct SanitizerKind (the -fsanitize=xxx args) to
 * enum SanitizerHandler (the traps) in Clang is in clang/lib/CodeGen/.
 */
const char *report_ubsan_failure(u32 check_type)
{
	switch (check_type) {
#ifdef CONFIG_UBSAN_BOUNDS
	/*
	 * SanitizerKind::ArrayBounds and SanitizerKind::LocalBounds
	 * emit SanitizerHandler::OutOfBounds.
	 */
	case ubsan_out_of_bounds:
		return "UBSAN: array index out of bounds";
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_UBSAN_SHIFT
	/*
	 * SanitizerKind::ShiftBase and SanitizerKind::ShiftExponent
	 * emit SanitizerHandler::ShiftOutOfBounds.
	 */
	case ubsan_shift_out_of_bounds:
		return "UBSAN: shift out of bounds";
#endif
#if defined(CONFIG_UBSAN_DIV_ZERO) || defined(CONFIG_UBSAN_INTEGER_WRAP)
	/*
	 * SanitizerKind::IntegerDivideByZero and
	 * SanitizerKind::SignedIntegerOverflow emit
	 * SanitizerHandler::DivremOverflow.
	 */
	case ubsan_divrem_overflow:
		return "UBSAN: divide/remainder overflow";
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_UBSAN_UNREACHABLE
	/*
	 * SanitizerKind::Unreachable emits
	 * SanitizerHandler::BuiltinUnreachable.
	 */
	case ubsan_builtin_unreachable:
		return "UBSAN: unreachable code";
#endif
#if defined(CONFIG_UBSAN_BOOL) || defined(CONFIG_UBSAN_ENUM)
	/*
	 * SanitizerKind::Bool and SanitizerKind::Enum emit
	 * SanitizerHandler::LoadInvalidValue.
	 */
	case ubsan_load_invalid_value:
		return "UBSAN: loading invalid value";
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_UBSAN_ALIGNMENT
	/*
	 * SanitizerKind::Alignment emits SanitizerHandler::TypeMismatch
	 * or SanitizerHandler::AlignmentAssumption.
	 */
	case ubsan_alignment_assumption:
		return "UBSAN: alignment assumption";
	case ubsan_type_mismatch:
		return "UBSAN: type mismatch";
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_UBSAN_INTEGER_WRAP
	/*
	 * SanitizerKind::SignedIntegerOverflow emits
	 * SanitizerHandler::AddOverflow, SanitizerHandler::SubOverflow,
	 * or SanitizerHandler::MulOverflow.
	 */
	case ubsan_add_overflow:
		return "UBSAN: integer addition overflow";
	case ubsan_sub_overflow:
		return "UBSAN: integer subtraction overflow";
	case ubsan_mul_overflow:
		return "UBSAN: integer multiplication overflow";
#endif
	default:
		return "UBSAN: unrecognized failure code";
	}
}

#endif

#ifndef CONFIG_UBSAN_TRAP
static const char * const type_check_kinds[] = {
	"load of",
	"store to",
	"reference binding to",
	"member access within",
	"member call on",
	"constructor call on",
	"downcast of",
	"downcast of"
};

#define REPORTED_BIT 31

#if (BITS_PER_LONG == 64) && defined(__BIG_ENDIAN)
#define COLUMN_MASK (~(1U << REPORTED_BIT))
#define LINE_MASK   (~0U)
#else
#define COLUMN_MASK   (~0U)
#define LINE_MASK (~(1U << REPORTED_BIT))
#endif

#define VALUE_LENGTH 40

static bool was_reported(struct source_location *location)
{
	return test_and_set_bit(REPORTED_BIT, &location->reported);
}

static bool suppress_report(struct source_location *loc)
{
	return current->in_ubsan || was_reported(loc);
}

static bool type_is_int(struct type_descriptor *type)
{
	return type->type_kind == type_kind_int;
}

static bool type_is_signed(struct type_descriptor *type)
{
	WARN_ON(!type_is_int(type));
	return  type->type_info & 1;
}

static unsigned type_bit_width(struct type_descriptor *type)
{
	return 1 << (type->type_info >> 1);
}

static bool is_inline_int(struct type_descriptor *type)
{
	unsigned inline_bits = sizeof(unsigned long)*8;
	unsigned bits = type_bit_width(type);

	WARN_ON(!type_is_int(type));

	return bits <= inline_bits;
}

static s_max get_signed_val(struct type_descriptor *type, void *val)
{
	if (is_inline_int(type)) {
		unsigned extra_bits = sizeof(s_max)*8 - type_bit_width(type);
		unsigned long ulong_val = (unsigned long)val;

		return ((s_max)ulong_val) << extra_bits >> extra_bits;
	}

	if (type_bit_width(type) == 64)
		return *(s64 *)val;

	return *(s_max *)val;
}

static bool val_is_negative(struct type_descriptor *type, void *val)
{
	return type_is_signed(type) && get_signed_val(type, val) < 0;
}

static u_max get_unsigned_val(struct type_descriptor *type, void *val)
{
	if (is_inline_int(type))
		return (unsigned long)val;

	if (type_bit_width(type) == 64)
		return *(u64 *)val;

	return *(u_max *)val;
}

static void val_to_string(char *str, size_t size, struct type_descriptor *type,
			void *value)
{
	if (type_is_int(type)) {
		if (type_bit_width(type) == 128) {
#if defined(CONFIG_ARCH_SUPPORTS_INT128)
			u_max val = get_unsigned_val(type, value);

			scnprintf(str, size, "0x%08x%08x%08x%08x",
				(u32)(val >> 96),
				(u32)(val >> 64),
				(u32)(val >> 32),
				(u32)(val));
#else
			WARN_ON(1);
#endif
		} else if (type_is_signed(type)) {
			scnprintf(str, size, "%lld",
				(s64)get_signed_val(type, value));
		} else {
			scnprintf(str, size, "%llu",
				(u64)get_unsigned_val(type, value));
		}
	}
}

static void ubsan_prologue(struct source_location *loc, const char *reason)
{
	current->in_ubsan++;

	pr_warn(CUT_HERE);

	pr_err("UBSAN: %s in %s:%d:%d\n", reason, loc->file_name,
		loc->line & LINE_MASK, loc->column & COLUMN_MASK);

	kunit_fail_current_test("%s in %s", reason, loc->file_name);
}

static void ubsan_epilogue(void)
{
	dump_stack();
	pr_warn("---[ end trace ]---\n");

	current->in_ubsan--;

	check_panic_on_warn("UBSAN");
}

static void handle_overflow(struct overflow_data *data, void *lhs,
			void *rhs, char op)
{

	struct type_descriptor *type = data->type;
	char lhs_val_str[VALUE_LENGTH];
	char rhs_val_str[VALUE_LENGTH];

	if (suppress_report(&data->location))
		return;

	ubsan_prologue(&data->location, type_is_signed(type) ?
			"signed-integer-overflow" :
			"unsigned-integer-overflow");

	val_to_string(lhs_val_str, sizeof(lhs_val_str), type, lhs);
	val_to_string(rhs_val_str, sizeof(rhs_val_str), type, rhs);
	pr_err("%s %c %s cannot be represented in type %s\n",
		lhs_val_str,
		op,
		rhs_val_str,
		type->type_name);

	ubsan_epilogue();
}

void __ubsan_handle_add_overflow(void *data,
				void *lhs, void *rhs)
{

	handle_overflow(data, lhs, rhs, '+');
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(__ubsan_handle_add_overflow);

void __ubsan_handle_sub_overflow(void *data,
				void *lhs, void *rhs)
{
	handle_overflow(data, lhs, rhs, '-');
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(__ubsan_handle_sub_overflow);

void __ubsan_handle_mul_overflow(void *data,
				void *lhs, void *rhs)
{
	handle_overflow(data, lhs, rhs, '*');
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(__ubsan_handle_mul_overflow);

void __ubsan_handle_negate_overflow(void *_data, void *old_val)
{
	struct overflow_data *data = _data;
	char old_val_str[VALUE_LENGTH];

	if (suppress_report(&data->location))
		return;

	ubsan_prologue(&data->location, "negation-overflow");

	val_to_string(old_val_str, sizeof(old_val_str), data->type, old_val);

	pr_err("negation of %s cannot be represented in type %s:\n",
		old_val_str, data->type->type_name);

	ubsan_epilogue();
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(__ubsan_handle_negate_overflow);

void __ubsan_handle_implicit_conversion(void *_data, void *from_val, void *to_val)
{
	struct implicit_conversion_data *data = _data;
	char from_val_str[VALUE_LENGTH];
	char to_val_str[VALUE_LENGTH];

	if (suppress_report(&data->location))
		return;

	val_to_string(from_val_str, sizeof(from_val_str), data->from_type, from_val);
	val_to_string(to_val_str, sizeof(to_val_str), data->to_type, to_val);

	ubsan_prologue(&data->location, "implicit-conversion");

	pr_err("cannot represent %s value %s during %s %s, truncated to %s\n",
		data->from_type->type_name,
		from_val_str,
		type_check_kinds[data->type_check_kind],
		data->to_type->type_name,
		to_val_str);

	ubsan_epilogue();
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(__ubsan_handle_implicit_conversion);

void __ubsan_handle_divrem_overflow(void *_data, void *lhs, void *rhs)
{
	struct overflow_data *data = _data;
	char rhs_val_str[VALUE_LENGTH];

	if (suppress_report(&data->location))
		return;

	ubsan_prologue(&data->location, "division-overflow");

	val_to_string(rhs_val_str, sizeof(rhs_val_str), data->type, rhs);

	if (type_is_signed(data->type) && get_signed_val(data->type, rhs) == -1)
		pr_err("division of %s by -1 cannot be represented in type %s\n",
			rhs_val_str, data->type->type_name);
	else
		pr_err("division by zero\n");

	ubsan_epilogue();
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(__ubsan_handle_divrem_overflow);

static void handle_null_ptr_deref(struct type_mismatch_data_common *data)
{
	if (suppress_report(data->location))
		return;

	ubsan_prologue(data->location, "null-ptr-deref");

	pr_err("%s null pointer of type %s\n",
		type_check_kinds[data->type_check_kind],
		data->type->type_name);

	ubsan_epilogue();
}

static void handle_misaligned_access(struct type_mismatch_data_common *data,
				unsigned long ptr)
{
	if (suppress_report(data->location))
		return;

	ubsan_prologue(data->location, "misaligned-access");

	pr_err("%s misaligned address %p for type %s\n",
		type_check_kinds[data->type_check_kind],
		(void *)ptr, data->type->type_name);
	pr_err("which requires %ld byte alignment\n", data->alignment);

	ubsan_epilogue();
}

static void handle_object_size_mismatch(struct type_mismatch_data_common *data,
					unsigned long ptr)
{
	if (suppress_report(data->location))
		return;

	ubsan_prologue(data->location, "object-size-mismatch");
	pr_err("%s address %p with insufficient space\n",
		type_check_kinds[data->type_check_kind],
		(void *) ptr);
	pr_err("for an object of type %s\n", data->type->type_name);
	ubsan_epilogue();
}

static void ubsan_type_mismatch_common(struct type_mismatch_data_common *data,
				unsigned long ptr)
{
	unsigned long flags = user_access_save();

	if (!ptr)
		handle_null_ptr_deref(data);
	else if (data->alignment && !IS_ALIGNED(ptr, data->alignment))
		handle_misaligned_access(data, ptr);
	else
		handle_object_size_mismatch(data, ptr);

	user_access_restore(flags);
}

void __ubsan_handle_type_mismatch(struct type_mismatch_data *data,
				void *ptr)
{
	struct type_mismatch_data_common common_data = {
		.location = &data->location,
		.type = data->type,
		.alignment = data->alignment,
		.type_check_kind = data->type_check_kind
	};

	ubsan_type_mismatch_common(&common_data, (unsigned long)ptr);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(__ubsan_handle_type_mismatch);

void __ubsan_handle_type_mismatch_v1(void *_data, void *ptr)
{
	struct type_mismatch_data_v1 *data = _data;
	struct type_mismatch_data_common common_data = {
		.location = &data->location,
		.type = data->type,
		.alignment = 1UL << data->log_alignment,
		.type_check_kind = data->type_check_kind
	};

	ubsan_type_mismatch_common(&common_data, (unsigned long)ptr);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(__ubsan_handle_type_mismatch_v1);

void __ubsan_handle_out_of_bounds(void *_data, void *index)
{
	struct out_of_bounds_data *data = _data;
	char index_str[VALUE_LENGTH];

	if (suppress_report(&data->location))
		return;

	ubsan_prologue(&data->location, "array-index-out-of-bounds");

	val_to_string(index_str, sizeof(index_str), data->index_type, index);
	pr_err("index %s is out of range for type %s\n", index_str,
		data->array_type->type_name);
	ubsan_epilogue();
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(__ubsan_handle_out_of_bounds);

void __ubsan_handle_shift_out_of_bounds(void *_data, void *lhs, void *rhs)
{
	struct shift_out_of_bounds_data *data = _data;
	struct type_descriptor *rhs_type = data->rhs_type;
	struct type_descriptor *lhs_type = data->lhs_type;
	char rhs_str[VALUE_LENGTH];
	char lhs_str[VALUE_LENGTH];
	unsigned long ua_flags = user_access_save();

	if (suppress_report(&data->location))
		goto out;

	ubsan_prologue(&data->location, "shift-out-of-bounds");

	val_to_string(rhs_str, sizeof(rhs_str), rhs_type, rhs);
	val_to_string(lhs_str, sizeof(lhs_str), lhs_type, lhs);

	if (val_is_negative(rhs_type, rhs))
		pr_err("shift exponent %s is negative\n", rhs_str);

	else if (get_unsigned_val(rhs_type, rhs) >=
		type_bit_width(lhs_type))
		pr_err("shift exponent %s is too large for %u-bit type %s\n",
			rhs_str,
			type_bit_width(lhs_type),
			lhs_type->type_name);
	else if (val_is_negative(lhs_type, lhs))
		pr_err("left shift of negative value %s\n",
			lhs_str);
	else
		pr_err("left shift of %s by %s places cannot be"
			" represented in type %s\n",
			lhs_str, rhs_str,
			lhs_type->type_name);

	ubsan_epilogue();
out:
	user_access_restore(ua_flags);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(__ubsan_handle_shift_out_of_bounds);


void __ubsan_handle_builtin_unreachable(void *_data)
{
	struct unreachable_data *data = _data;
	ubsan_prologue(&data->location, "unreachable");
	pr_err("calling __builtin_unreachable()\n");
	ubsan_epilogue();
	panic("can't return from __builtin_unreachable()");
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(__ubsan_handle_builtin_unreachable);

void __ubsan_handle_load_invalid_value(void *_data, void *val)
{
	struct invalid_value_data *data = _data;
	char val_str[VALUE_LENGTH];
	unsigned long ua_flags = user_access_save();

	if (suppress_report(&data->location))
		goto out;

	ubsan_prologue(&data->location, "invalid-load");

	val_to_string(val_str, sizeof(val_str), data->type, val);

	pr_err("load of value %s is not a valid value for type %s\n",
		val_str, data->type->type_name);

	ubsan_epilogue();
out:
	user_access_restore(ua_flags);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(__ubsan_handle_load_invalid_value);

void __ubsan_handle_alignment_assumption(void *_data, unsigned long ptr,
					 unsigned long align,
					 unsigned long offset)
{
	struct alignment_assumption_data *data = _data;
	unsigned long real_ptr;

	if (suppress_report(&data->location))
		return;

	ubsan_prologue(&data->location, "alignment-assumption");

	if (offset)
		pr_err("assumption of %lu byte alignment (with offset of %lu byte) for pointer of type %s failed",
		       align, offset, data->type->type_name);
	else
		pr_err("assumption of %lu byte alignment for pointer of type %s failed",
		       align, data->type->type_name);

	real_ptr = ptr - offset;
	pr_err("%saddress is %lu aligned, misalignment offset is %lu bytes",
	       offset ? "offset " : "", BIT(real_ptr ? __ffs(real_ptr) : 0),
	       real_ptr & (align - 1));

	ubsan_epilogue();
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(__ubsan_handle_alignment_assumption);

#endif /* !CONFIG_UBSAN_TRAP */