xref: /linux/fs/nfsd/vfs.c (revision 7ed37e9d5c05bf3dc74146572d89e7391091e1a4)

// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
/*
 * File operations used by nfsd. Some of these have been ripped from
 * other parts of the kernel because they weren't exported, others
 * are partial duplicates with added or changed functionality.
 *
 * Note that several functions dget() the dentry upon which they want
 * to act, most notably those that create directory entries. Response
 * dentry's are dput()'d if necessary in the release callback.
 * So if you notice code paths that apparently fail to dput() the
 * dentry, don't worry--they have been taken care of.
 *
 * Copyright (C) 1995-1999 Olaf Kirch <okir@monad.swb.de>
 * Zerocpy NFS support (C) 2002 Hirokazu Takahashi <taka@valinux.co.jp>
 */

#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/file.h>
#include <linux/splice.h>
#include <linux/falloc.h>
#include <linux/fcntl.h>
#include <linux/namei.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/fsnotify.h>
#include <linux/posix_acl_xattr.h>
#include <linux/xattr.h>
#include <linux/jhash.h>
#include <linux/pagemap.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/exportfs.h>
#include <linux/writeback.h>
#include <linux/security.h>
#include <linux/sunrpc/xdr.h>
#include <linux/fileattr.h>

#include "xdr3.h"

#ifdef CONFIG_NFSD_V4
#include "acl.h"
#include "idmap.h"
#include "xdr4.h"
#endif /* CONFIG_NFSD_V4 */

#include "nfsd.h"
#include "netns.h"
#include "stats.h"
#include "vfs.h"
#include "filecache.h"
#include "trace.h"

#define NFSDDBG_FACILITY		NFSDDBG_FILEOP

bool nfsd_disable_splice_read __read_mostly;
u64 nfsd_io_cache_read __read_mostly = NFSD_IO_BUFFERED;
u64 nfsd_io_cache_write __read_mostly = NFSD_IO_BUFFERED;

/**
 * nfserrno - Map Linux errnos to NFS errnos
 * @errno: POSIX(-ish) error code to be mapped
 *
 * Returns the appropriate (net-endian) nfserr_* (or nfs_ok if errno is 0). If
 * it's an error we don't expect, log it once and return nfserr_io.
 */
__be32
nfserrno (int errno)
{
	static struct {
		__be32	nfserr;
		int	syserr;
	} nfs_errtbl[] = {
		{ nfs_ok, 0 },
		{ nfserr_perm, -EPERM },
		{ nfserr_noent, -ENOENT },
		{ nfserr_io, -EIO },
		{ nfserr_nxio, -ENXIO },
		{ nfserr_fbig, -E2BIG },
		{ nfserr_stale, -EBADF },
		{ nfserr_acces, -EACCES },
		{ nfserr_exist, -EEXIST },
		{ nfserr_xdev, -EXDEV },
		{ nfserr_nodev, -ENODEV },
		{ nfserr_notdir, -ENOTDIR },
		{ nfserr_isdir, -EISDIR },
		{ nfserr_inval, -EINVAL },
		{ nfserr_fbig, -EFBIG },
		{ nfserr_nospc, -ENOSPC },
		{ nfserr_rofs, -EROFS },
		{ nfserr_mlink, -EMLINK },
		{ nfserr_nametoolong, -ENAMETOOLONG },
		{ nfserr_notempty, -ENOTEMPTY },
		{ nfserr_dquot, -EDQUOT },
		{ nfserr_stale, -ESTALE },
		{ nfserr_jukebox, -ETIMEDOUT },
		{ nfserr_jukebox, -ERESTARTSYS },
		{ nfserr_jukebox, -EAGAIN },
		{ nfserr_jukebox, -EWOULDBLOCK },
		{ nfserr_jukebox, -ENOMEM },
		{ nfserr_io, -ETXTBSY },
		{ nfserr_notsupp, -EOPNOTSUPP },
		{ nfserr_toosmall, -ETOOSMALL },
		{ nfserr_serverfault, -ESERVERFAULT },
		{ nfserr_serverfault, -ENFILE },
		{ nfserr_io, -EREMOTEIO },
		{ nfserr_stale, -EOPENSTALE },
		{ nfserr_io, -EUCLEAN },
		{ nfserr_perm, -ENOKEY },
		{ nfserr_no_grace, -ENOGRACE},
		{ nfserr_io, -EBADMSG },
	};
	int	i;

	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(nfs_errtbl); i++) {
		if (nfs_errtbl[i].syserr == errno)
			return nfs_errtbl[i].nfserr;
	}
	WARN_ONCE(1, "nfsd: non-standard errno: %d\n", errno);
	return nfserr_io;
}

/*
 * Called from nfsd_lookup and encode_dirent. Check if we have crossed
 * a mount point.
 * Returns -EAGAIN or -ETIMEDOUT leaving *dpp and *expp unchanged,
 *  or nfs_ok having possibly changed *dpp and *expp
 */
int
nfsd_cross_mnt(struct svc_rqst *rqstp, struct dentry **dpp,
		        struct svc_export **expp)
{
	struct svc_export *exp = *expp, *exp2 = NULL;
	struct dentry *dentry = *dpp;
	struct path path = {.mnt = mntget(exp->ex_path.mnt),
			    .dentry = dget(dentry)};
	unsigned int follow_flags = 0;
	int err = 0;

	if (exp->ex_flags & NFSEXP_CROSSMOUNT)
		follow_flags = LOOKUP_AUTOMOUNT;

	err = follow_down(&path, follow_flags);
	if (err < 0)
		goto out;

	if (path.mnt == exp->ex_path.mnt && path.dentry == dentry &&
	    nfsd_mountpoint(dentry, exp) == 2) {
		/* This is only a mountpoint in some other namespace */
		goto out;
	}

	exp2 = rqst_exp_get_by_name(rqstp, &path);
	if (IS_ERR(exp2)) {
		err = PTR_ERR(exp2);
		exp2 = NULL;
		/*
		 * We normally allow NFS clients to continue
		 * "underneath" a mountpoint that is not exported.
		 * The exception is V4ROOT, where no traversal is ever
		 * allowed without an explicit export of the new
		 * directory.
		 */
		if (err == -ENOENT && !(exp->ex_flags & NFSEXP_V4ROOT))
			err = 0;
	} else if (nfsd_v4client(rqstp) ||
		(exp->ex_flags & NFSEXP_CROSSMOUNT) || EX_NOHIDE(exp2)) {
		/* successfully crossed mount point */
		/*
		 * This is subtle: path.dentry is *not* on path.mnt
		 * at this point.  The only reason we are safe is that
		 * original mnt is pinned down by exp, so we should
		 * put path *before* putting exp
		 */
		*dpp = path.dentry;
		path.dentry = dentry;
		*expp = exp2;
		exp2 = exp;
	}
out:
	path_put(&path);
	if (exp2)
		exp_put(exp2);
	return err;
}

static void follow_to_parent(struct path *path)
{
	struct dentry *dp;

	while (path->dentry == path->mnt->mnt_root && follow_up(path))
		;
	dp = dget_parent(path->dentry);
	dput(path->dentry);
	path->dentry = dp;
}

static int nfsd_lookup_parent(struct svc_rqst *rqstp, struct dentry *dparent, struct svc_export **exp, struct dentry **dentryp)
{
	struct svc_export *exp2;
	struct path path = {.mnt = mntget((*exp)->ex_path.mnt),
			    .dentry = dget(dparent)};

	follow_to_parent(&path);

	exp2 = rqst_exp_parent(rqstp, &path);
	if (PTR_ERR(exp2) == -ENOENT) {
		*dentryp = dget(dparent);
	} else if (IS_ERR(exp2)) {
		path_put(&path);
		return PTR_ERR(exp2);
	} else {
		*dentryp = dget(path.dentry);
		exp_put(*exp);
		*exp = exp2;
	}
	path_put(&path);
	return 0;
}

/*
 * For nfsd purposes, we treat V4ROOT exports as though there was an
 * export at *every* directory.
 * We return:
 * '1' if this dentry *must* be an export point,
 * '2' if it might be, if there is really a mount here, and
 * '0' if there is no chance of an export point here.
 */
int nfsd_mountpoint(struct dentry *dentry, struct svc_export *exp)
{
	if (!d_inode(dentry))
		return 0;
	if (exp->ex_flags & NFSEXP_V4ROOT)
		return 1;
	if (nfsd4_is_junction(dentry))
		return 1;
	if (d_managed(dentry))
		/*
		 * Might only be a mountpoint in a different namespace,
		 * but we need to check.
		 */
		return 2;
	return 0;
}

__be32
nfsd_lookup_dentry(struct svc_rqst *rqstp, struct svc_fh *fhp,
		   const char *name, unsigned int len,
		   struct svc_export **exp_ret, struct dentry **dentry_ret)
{
	struct svc_export	*exp;
	struct dentry		*dparent;
	struct dentry		*dentry;
	int			host_err;

	trace_nfsd_vfs_lookup(rqstp, fhp, name, len);

	dparent = fhp->fh_dentry;
	exp = exp_get(fhp->fh_export);

	/* Lookup the name, but don't follow links */
	if (name_is_dot_dotdot(name, len)) {
		if (len==1)
			dentry = dget(dparent);
		else if (dparent != exp->ex_path.dentry)
			dentry = dget_parent(dparent);
		else if (!EX_NOHIDE(exp) && !nfsd_v4client(rqstp))
			dentry = dget(dparent); /* .. == . just like at / */
		else {
			/* checking mountpoint crossing is very different when stepping up */
			host_err = nfsd_lookup_parent(rqstp, dparent, &exp, &dentry);
			if (host_err)
				goto out_nfserr;
		}
	} else {
		dentry = lookup_one_unlocked(&nop_mnt_idmap,
					     &QSTR_LEN(name, len), dparent);
		host_err = PTR_ERR(dentry);
		if (IS_ERR(dentry))
			goto out_nfserr;
		if (nfsd_mountpoint(dentry, exp)) {
			host_err = nfsd_cross_mnt(rqstp, &dentry, &exp);
			if (host_err) {
				dput(dentry);
				goto out_nfserr;
			}
		}
	}
	*dentry_ret = dentry;
	*exp_ret = exp;
	return 0;

out_nfserr:
	exp_put(exp);
	return nfserrno(host_err);
}

/**
 * nfsd_lookup - look up a single path component for nfsd
 *
 * @rqstp:   the request context
 * @fhp:     the file handle of the directory
 * @name:    the component name, or %NULL to look up parent
 * @len:     length of name to examine
 * @resfh:   pointer to pre-initialised filehandle to hold result.
 *
 * Look up one component of a pathname.
 * N.B. After this call _both_ fhp and resfh need an fh_put
 *
 * If the lookup would cross a mountpoint, and the mounted filesystem
 * is exported to the client with NFSEXP_NOHIDE, then the lookup is
 * accepted as it stands and the mounted directory is
 * returned. Otherwise the covered directory is returned.
 * NOTE: this mountpoint crossing is not supported properly by all
 *   clients and is explicitly disallowed for NFSv3
 *
 */
__be32
nfsd_lookup(struct svc_rqst *rqstp, struct svc_fh *fhp, const char *name,
	    unsigned int len, struct svc_fh *resfh)
{
	struct svc_export	*exp;
	struct dentry		*dentry;
	__be32 err;

	err = fh_verify(rqstp, fhp, S_IFDIR, NFSD_MAY_EXEC);
	if (err)
		return err;
	err = nfsd_lookup_dentry(rqstp, fhp, name, len, &exp, &dentry);
	if (err)
		return err;
	err = check_nfsd_access(exp, rqstp, false);
	if (err)
		goto out;
	/*
	 * Note: we compose the file handle now, but as the
	 * dentry may be negative, it may need to be updated.
	 */
	err = fh_compose(resfh, exp, dentry, fhp);
	if (!err && d_really_is_negative(dentry))
		err = nfserr_noent;
out:
	dput(dentry);
	exp_put(exp);
	return err;
}

static void
commit_reset_write_verifier(struct nfsd_net *nn, struct svc_rqst *rqstp,
			    int err)
{
	switch (err) {
	case -EAGAIN:
	case -ESTALE:
		/*
		 * Neither of these are the result of a problem with
		 * durable storage, so avoid a write verifier reset.
		 */
		break;
	default:
		nfsd_reset_write_verifier(nn);
		trace_nfsd_writeverf_reset(nn, rqstp, err);
	}
}

/*
 * Commit metadata changes to stable storage.
 */
static int
commit_inode_metadata(struct inode *inode)
{
	const struct export_operations *export_ops = inode->i_sb->s_export_op;

	if (export_ops->commit_metadata)
		return export_ops->commit_metadata(inode);
	return sync_inode_metadata(inode, 1);
}

static int
commit_metadata(struct svc_fh *fhp)
{
	struct inode *inode = d_inode(fhp->fh_dentry);

	if (!EX_ISSYNC(fhp->fh_export))
		return 0;
	return commit_inode_metadata(inode);
}

/*
 * Go over the attributes and take care of the small differences between
 * NFS semantics and what Linux expects.
 */
static void
nfsd_sanitize_attrs(struct inode *inode, struct iattr *iap)
{
	/* Ignore mode updates on symlinks */
	if (S_ISLNK(inode->i_mode))
		iap->ia_valid &= ~ATTR_MODE;

	/* sanitize the mode change */
	if (iap->ia_valid & ATTR_MODE) {
		iap->ia_mode &= S_IALLUGO;
		iap->ia_mode |= (inode->i_mode & ~S_IALLUGO);
	}

	/* Revoke setuid/setgid on chown */
	if (!S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode) &&
	    ((iap->ia_valid & ATTR_UID) || (iap->ia_valid & ATTR_GID))) {
		iap->ia_valid |= ATTR_KILL_PRIV;
		if (iap->ia_valid & ATTR_MODE) {
			/* we're setting mode too, just clear the s*id bits */
			iap->ia_mode &= ~S_ISUID;
			if (iap->ia_mode & S_IXGRP)
				iap->ia_mode &= ~S_ISGID;
		} else {
			/* set ATTR_KILL_* bits and let VFS handle it */
			iap->ia_valid |= ATTR_KILL_SUID;
			iap->ia_valid |=
				setattr_should_drop_sgid(&nop_mnt_idmap, inode);
		}
	}
}

static __be32
nfsd_may_truncate(struct svc_rqst *rqstp, struct svc_fh *fhp,
		  struct iattr *iap)
{
	struct inode *inode = d_inode(fhp->fh_dentry);

	if (iap->ia_size >= i_size_read(inode))
		return nfs_ok;

	return nfsd_permission(&rqstp->rq_cred, fhp->fh_export, fhp->fh_dentry,
			       NFSD_MAY_TRUNC | NFSD_MAY_OWNER_OVERRIDE);
}

static __be32
nfsd_get_write_access(struct svc_fh *fhp)
{
	return nfserrno(get_write_access(d_inode(fhp->fh_dentry)));
}

static int __nfsd_setattr(struct dentry *dentry, struct iattr *iap)
{
	int host_err;

	if (iap->ia_valid & ATTR_SIZE) {
		/*
		 * RFC5661, Section 18.30.4:
		 *   Changing the size of a file with SETATTR indirectly
		 *   changes the time_modify and change attributes.
		 *
		 * (and similar for the older RFCs)
		 */
		struct iattr size_attr = {
			.ia_valid	= ATTR_SIZE | ATTR_CTIME | ATTR_MTIME,
			.ia_size	= iap->ia_size,
		};

		if (iap->ia_size < 0)
			return -EFBIG;

		host_err = notify_change(&nop_mnt_idmap, dentry, &size_attr, NULL);
		if (host_err)
			return host_err;
		iap->ia_valid &= ~ATTR_SIZE;

		/*
		 * Avoid the additional setattr call below if the only other
		 * attribute that the client sends is the mtime, as we update
		 * it as part of the size change above.
		 */
		if ((iap->ia_valid & ~ATTR_MTIME) == 0)
			return 0;
	}

	if ((iap->ia_valid & ~ATTR_DELEG) == 0)
		return 0;

	/*
	 * If ATTR_DELEG is set, then this is an update from a client that
	 * holds a delegation. If this is an update for only the atime, the
	 * ctime should not be changed. If the update contains the mtime
	 * too, then ATTR_CTIME should already be set.
	 */
	if (!(iap->ia_valid & ATTR_DELEG))
		iap->ia_valid |= ATTR_CTIME;

	return notify_change(&nop_mnt_idmap, dentry, iap, NULL);
}

/**
 * nfsd_setattr - Set various file attributes.
 * @rqstp: controlling RPC transaction
 * @fhp: filehandle of target
 * @attr: attributes to set
 * @guardtime: do not act if ctime.tv_sec does not match this timestamp
 *
 * This call may adjust the contents of @attr (in particular, this
 * call may change the bits in the na_iattr.ia_valid field).
 *
 * Returns nfs_ok on success, otherwise an NFS status code is
 * returned. Caller must release @fhp by calling fh_put in either
 * case.
 */
__be32
nfsd_setattr(struct svc_rqst *rqstp, struct svc_fh *fhp,
	     struct nfsd_attrs *attr, const struct timespec64 *guardtime)
{
	struct dentry	*dentry;
	struct inode	*inode;
	struct iattr	*iap = attr->na_iattr;
	int		accmode = NFSD_MAY_SATTR;
	umode_t		ftype = 0;
	__be32		err;
	int		host_err = 0;
	bool		get_write_count;
	bool		size_change = (iap->ia_valid & ATTR_SIZE);
	int		retries;

	trace_nfsd_vfs_setattr(rqstp, fhp, iap, guardtime);

	if (iap->ia_valid & ATTR_SIZE) {
		accmode |= NFSD_MAY_WRITE|NFSD_MAY_OWNER_OVERRIDE;
		ftype = S_IFREG;
	}

	/*
	 * If utimes(2) and friends are called with times not NULL, we should
	 * not set NFSD_MAY_WRITE bit. Otherwise fh_verify->nfsd_permission
	 * will return EACCES, when the caller's effective UID does not match
	 * the owner of the file, and the caller is not privileged. In this
	 * situation, we should return EPERM(notify_change will return this).
	 */
	if (iap->ia_valid & (ATTR_ATIME | ATTR_MTIME)) {
		accmode |= NFSD_MAY_OWNER_OVERRIDE;
		if (!(iap->ia_valid & (ATTR_ATIME_SET | ATTR_MTIME_SET)))
			accmode |= NFSD_MAY_WRITE;
	}

	/* Callers that do fh_verify should do the fh_want_write: */
	get_write_count = !fhp->fh_dentry;

	/* Get inode */
	err = fh_verify(rqstp, fhp, ftype, accmode);
	if (err)
		return err;
	if (get_write_count) {
		host_err = fh_want_write(fhp);
		if (host_err)
			goto out;
	}

	dentry = fhp->fh_dentry;
	inode = d_inode(dentry);

	nfsd_sanitize_attrs(inode, iap);

	/*
	 * The size case is special, it changes the file in addition to the
	 * attributes, and file systems don't expect it to be mixed with
	 * "random" attribute changes.  We thus split out the size change
	 * into a separate call to ->setattr, and do the rest as a separate
	 * setattr call.
	 */
	if (size_change) {
		err = nfsd_get_write_access(fhp);
		if (err)
			return err;
	}

	inode_lock(inode);
	if (size_change) {
		err = nfsd_may_truncate(rqstp, fhp, iap);
		if (err)
			goto out_unlock;
	}
	err = fh_fill_pre_attrs(fhp);
	if (err)
		goto out_unlock;

	if (guardtime) {
		struct timespec64 ctime = inode_get_ctime(inode);
		if ((u32)guardtime->tv_sec != (u32)ctime.tv_sec ||
		    guardtime->tv_nsec != ctime.tv_nsec) {
			err = nfserr_notsync;
			goto out_fill_attrs;
		}
	}

	for (retries = 1;;) {
		struct iattr attrs;

		/*
		 * notify_change() can alter its iattr argument, making
		 * @iap unsuitable for submission multiple times. Make a
		 * copy for every loop iteration.
		 */
		attrs = *iap;
		host_err = __nfsd_setattr(dentry, &attrs);
		if (host_err != -EAGAIN || !retries--)
			break;
		if (!nfsd_wait_for_delegreturn(rqstp, inode))
			break;
	}
	if (attr->na_seclabel && attr->na_seclabel->len)
		attr->na_labelerr = security_inode_setsecctx(dentry,
			attr->na_seclabel->data, attr->na_seclabel->len);
	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_FS_POSIX_ACL) && attr->na_dpacl) {
		if (!S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode))
			attr->na_dpaclerr = -EINVAL;
		else if (attr->na_dpacl->a_count > 0)
			/* a_count == 0 means delete the ACL. */
			attr->na_dpaclerr = set_posix_acl(&nop_mnt_idmap,
						dentry, ACL_TYPE_DEFAULT,
						attr->na_dpacl);
		else
			attr->na_dpaclerr = set_posix_acl(&nop_mnt_idmap,
						dentry, ACL_TYPE_DEFAULT,
						NULL);
	}
	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_FS_POSIX_ACL) && attr->na_pacl) {
		/*
		 * For any file system that is not ACL_SCOPE_FILE_OBJECT,
		 * a_count == 0 MUST reply nfserr_inval.
		 * For a file system that is ACL_SCOPE_FILE_OBJECT,
		 * a_count == 0 deletes the ACL.
		 * XXX File systems that are ACL_SCOPE_FILE_OBJECT
		 * are not yet supported.
		 */
		if (attr->na_pacl->a_count > 0)
			attr->na_paclerr = set_posix_acl(&nop_mnt_idmap,
							dentry, ACL_TYPE_ACCESS,
							attr->na_pacl);
		else
			attr->na_paclerr = -EINVAL;
	}
out_fill_attrs:
	/*
	 * RFC 1813 Section 3.3.2 does not mandate that an NFS server
	 * returns wcc_data for SETATTR. Some client implementations
	 * depend on receiving wcc_data, however, to sort out partial
	 * updates (eg., the client requested that size and mode be
	 * modified, but the server changed only the file mode).
	 */
	fh_fill_post_attrs(fhp);
out_unlock:
	inode_unlock(inode);
	if (size_change)
		put_write_access(inode);
out:
	if (!host_err)
		host_err = commit_metadata(fhp);
	return err != 0 ? err : nfserrno(host_err);
}

#if defined(CONFIG_NFSD_V4)
/*
 * NFS junction information is stored in an extended attribute.
 */
#define NFSD_JUNCTION_XATTR_NAME	XATTR_TRUSTED_PREFIX "junction.nfs"

/**
 * nfsd4_is_junction - Test if an object could be an NFS junction
 *
 * @dentry: object to test
 *
 * Returns 1 if "dentry" appears to contain NFS junction information.
 * Otherwise 0 is returned.
 */
int nfsd4_is_junction(struct dentry *dentry)
{
	struct inode *inode = d_inode(dentry);

	if (inode == NULL)
		return 0;
	if (inode->i_mode & S_IXUGO)
		return 0;
	if (!(inode->i_mode & S_ISVTX))
		return 0;
	if (vfs_getxattr(&nop_mnt_idmap, dentry, NFSD_JUNCTION_XATTR_NAME,
			 NULL, 0) <= 0)
		return 0;
	return 1;
}

static struct nfsd4_compound_state *nfsd4_get_cstate(struct svc_rqst *rqstp)
{
	return &((struct nfsd4_compoundres *)rqstp->rq_resp)->cstate;
}

__be32 nfsd4_clone_file_range(struct svc_rqst *rqstp,
		struct nfsd_file *nf_src, u64 src_pos,
		struct nfsd_file *nf_dst, u64 dst_pos,
		u64 count, bool sync)
{
	struct file *src = nf_src->nf_file;
	struct file *dst = nf_dst->nf_file;
	errseq_t since;
	loff_t cloned;
	__be32 ret = 0;

	since = READ_ONCE(dst->f_wb_err);
	cloned = vfs_clone_file_range(src, src_pos, dst, dst_pos, count, 0);
	if (cloned < 0) {
		ret = nfserrno(cloned);
		goto out_err;
	}
	if (count && cloned != count) {
		ret = nfserrno(-EINVAL);
		goto out_err;
	}
	if (sync) {
		loff_t dst_end = count ? dst_pos + count - 1 : LLONG_MAX;
		int status = vfs_fsync_range(dst, dst_pos, dst_end, 0);

		if (!status)
			status = filemap_check_wb_err(dst->f_mapping, since);
		if (!status)
			status = commit_inode_metadata(file_inode(src));
		if (status < 0) {
			struct nfsd_net *nn = net_generic(nf_dst->nf_net,
							  nfsd_net_id);

			trace_nfsd_clone_file_range_err(rqstp,
					&nfsd4_get_cstate(rqstp)->save_fh,
					src_pos,
					&nfsd4_get_cstate(rqstp)->current_fh,
					dst_pos,
					count, status);
			commit_reset_write_verifier(nn, rqstp, status);
			ret = nfserrno(status);
		}
	}
out_err:
	return ret;
}

ssize_t nfsd_copy_file_range(struct file *src, u64 src_pos, struct file *dst,
			     u64 dst_pos, u64 count)
{
	ssize_t ret;

	/*
	 * Limit copy to 4MB to prevent indefinitely blocking an nfsd
	 * thread and client rpc slot.  The choice of 4MB is somewhat
	 * arbitrary.  We might instead base this on r/wsize, or make it
	 * tunable, or use a time instead of a byte limit, or implement
	 * asynchronous copy.  In theory a client could also recognize a
	 * limit like this and pipeline multiple COPY requests.
	 */
	count = min_t(u64, count, 1 << 22);
	ret = vfs_copy_file_range(src, src_pos, dst, dst_pos, count, 0);

	if (ret == -EOPNOTSUPP || ret == -EXDEV)
		ret = vfs_copy_file_range(src, src_pos, dst, dst_pos, count,
					  COPY_FILE_SPLICE);
	return ret;
}

__be32 nfsd4_vfs_fallocate(struct svc_rqst *rqstp, struct svc_fh *fhp,
			   struct file *file, loff_t offset, loff_t len,
			   int flags)
{
	int error;

	if (!S_ISREG(file_inode(file)->i_mode))
		return nfserr_inval;

	error = vfs_fallocate(file, flags, offset, len);
	if (!error)
		error = commit_metadata(fhp);

	return nfserrno(error);
}
#endif /* defined(CONFIG_NFSD_V4) */

/*
 * Check server access rights to a file system object
 */
struct accessmap {
	u32		access;
	int		how;
};
static struct accessmap	nfs3_regaccess[] = {
    {	NFS3_ACCESS_READ,	NFSD_MAY_READ			},
    {	NFS3_ACCESS_EXECUTE,	NFSD_MAY_EXEC			},
    {	NFS3_ACCESS_MODIFY,	NFSD_MAY_WRITE|NFSD_MAY_TRUNC	},
    {	NFS3_ACCESS_EXTEND,	NFSD_MAY_WRITE			},

#ifdef CONFIG_NFSD_V4
    {	NFS4_ACCESS_XAREAD,	NFSD_MAY_READ			},
    {	NFS4_ACCESS_XAWRITE,	NFSD_MAY_WRITE			},
    {	NFS4_ACCESS_XALIST,	NFSD_MAY_READ			},
#endif

    {	0,			0				}
};

static struct accessmap	nfs3_diraccess[] = {
    {	NFS3_ACCESS_READ,	NFSD_MAY_READ			},
    {	NFS3_ACCESS_LOOKUP,	NFSD_MAY_EXEC			},
    {	NFS3_ACCESS_MODIFY,	NFSD_MAY_EXEC|NFSD_MAY_WRITE|NFSD_MAY_TRUNC},
    {	NFS3_ACCESS_EXTEND,	NFSD_MAY_EXEC|NFSD_MAY_WRITE	},
    {	NFS3_ACCESS_DELETE,	NFSD_MAY_REMOVE			},

#ifdef CONFIG_NFSD_V4
    {	NFS4_ACCESS_XAREAD,	NFSD_MAY_READ			},
    {	NFS4_ACCESS_XAWRITE,	NFSD_MAY_WRITE			},
    {	NFS4_ACCESS_XALIST,	NFSD_MAY_READ			},
#endif

    {	0,			0				}
};

static struct accessmap	nfs3_anyaccess[] = {
	/* Some clients - Solaris 2.6 at least, make an access call
	 * to the server to check for access for things like /dev/null
	 * (which really, the server doesn't care about).  So
	 * We provide simple access checking for them, looking
	 * mainly at mode bits, and we make sure to ignore read-only
	 * filesystem checks
	 */
    {	NFS3_ACCESS_READ,	NFSD_MAY_READ			},
    {	NFS3_ACCESS_EXECUTE,	NFSD_MAY_EXEC			},
    {	NFS3_ACCESS_MODIFY,	NFSD_MAY_WRITE|NFSD_MAY_LOCAL_ACCESS	},
    {	NFS3_ACCESS_EXTEND,	NFSD_MAY_WRITE|NFSD_MAY_LOCAL_ACCESS	},

    {	0,			0				}
};

__be32
nfsd_access(struct svc_rqst *rqstp, struct svc_fh *fhp, u32 *access, u32 *supported)
{
	struct accessmap	*map;
	struct svc_export	*export;
	struct dentry		*dentry;
	u32			query, result = 0, sresult = 0;
	__be32			error;

	error = fh_verify(rqstp, fhp, 0, NFSD_MAY_NOP);
	if (error)
		goto out;

	export = fhp->fh_export;
	dentry = fhp->fh_dentry;

	if (d_is_reg(dentry))
		map = nfs3_regaccess;
	else if (d_is_dir(dentry))
		map = nfs3_diraccess;
	else
		map = nfs3_anyaccess;


	query = *access;
	for  (; map->access; map++) {
		if (map->access & query) {
			__be32 err2;

			sresult |= map->access;

			err2 = nfsd_permission(&rqstp->rq_cred, export,
					       dentry, map->how);
			switch (err2) {
			case nfs_ok:
				result |= map->access;
				break;

			/* the following error codes just mean the access was not allowed,
			 * rather than an error occurred */
			case nfserr_rofs:
			case nfserr_acces:
			case nfserr_perm:
				/* simply don't "or" in the access bit. */
				break;
			default:
				error = err2;
				goto out;
			}
		}
	}
	*access = result;
	if (supported)
		*supported = sresult;

 out:
	return error;
}

int nfsd_open_break_lease(struct inode *inode, int access)
{
	unsigned int mode;

	if (access & NFSD_MAY_NOT_BREAK_LEASE)
		return 0;
	mode = (access & NFSD_MAY_WRITE) ? O_WRONLY : O_RDONLY;
	return break_lease(inode, mode | O_NONBLOCK);
}

/*
 * Open an existing file or directory.
 * The may_flags argument indicates the type of open (read/write/lock)
 * and additional flags.
 * N.B. After this call fhp needs an fh_put
 */
static int
__nfsd_open(struct svc_fh *fhp, umode_t type, int may_flags, struct file **filp)
{
	struct path	path;
	struct inode	*inode;
	struct file	*file;
	int		flags = O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE;
	int		host_err = -EPERM;

	path.mnt = fhp->fh_export->ex_path.mnt;
	path.dentry = fhp->fh_dentry;
	inode = d_inode(path.dentry);

	if (IS_APPEND(inode) && (may_flags & NFSD_MAY_WRITE))
		goto out;

	if (!inode->i_fop)
		goto out;

	host_err = nfsd_open_break_lease(inode, may_flags);
	if (host_err) /* NOMEM or WOULDBLOCK */
		goto out;

	if (may_flags & NFSD_MAY_WRITE) {
		if (may_flags & NFSD_MAY_READ)
			flags = O_RDWR|O_LARGEFILE;
		else
			flags = O_WRONLY|O_LARGEFILE;
	}

	file = dentry_open(&path, flags, current_cred());
	if (IS_ERR(file)) {
		host_err = PTR_ERR(file);
		goto out;
	}

	host_err = security_file_post_open(file, may_flags);
	if (host_err) {
		fput(file);
		goto out;
	}

	*filp = file;
out:
	return host_err;
}

__be32
nfsd_open(struct svc_rqst *rqstp, struct svc_fh *fhp, umode_t type,
		int may_flags, struct file **filp)
{
	__be32 err;
	int host_err;
	bool retried = false;

	/*
	 * If we get here, then the client has already done an "open",
	 * and (hopefully) checked permission - so allow OWNER_OVERRIDE
	 * in case a chmod has now revoked permission.
	 *
	 * Arguably we should also allow the owner override for
	 * directories, but we never have and it doesn't seem to have
	 * caused anyone a problem.  If we were to change this, note
	 * also that our filldir callbacks would need a variant of
	 * lookup_one_positive_unlocked() that doesn't check permissions.
	 */
	if (type == S_IFREG)
		may_flags |= NFSD_MAY_OWNER_OVERRIDE;
retry:
	err = fh_verify(rqstp, fhp, type, may_flags);
	if (!err) {
		host_err = __nfsd_open(fhp, type, may_flags, filp);
		if (host_err == -EOPENSTALE && !retried) {
			retried = true;
			fh_put(fhp);
			goto retry;
		}
		err = nfserrno(host_err);
	}
	return err;
}

/**
 * nfsd_open_verified - Open a regular file for the filecache
 * @fhp: NFS filehandle of the file to open
 * @type: S_IFMT inode type allowed (0 means any type is allowed)
 * @may_flags: internal permission flags
 * @filp: OUT: open "struct file *"
 *
 * Returns zero on success, or a negative errno value.
 */
int
nfsd_open_verified(struct svc_fh *fhp, umode_t type, int may_flags, struct file **filp)
{
	return __nfsd_open(fhp, type, may_flags, filp);
}

/*
 * Grab and keep cached pages associated with a file in the svc_rqst
 * so that they can be passed to the network sendmsg routines
 * directly. They will be released after the sending has completed.
 *
 * Return values: Number of bytes consumed, or -EIO if there are no
 * remaining pages in rqstp->rq_pages.
 */
static int
nfsd_splice_actor(struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, struct pipe_buffer *buf,
		  struct splice_desc *sd)
{
	struct svc_rqst *rqstp = sd->u.data;
	struct page *page = buf->page;	// may be a compound one
	unsigned offset = buf->offset;
	struct page *last_page;

	last_page = page + (offset + sd->len - 1) / PAGE_SIZE;
	for (page += offset / PAGE_SIZE; page <= last_page; page++) {
		/*
		 * Skip page replacement when extending the contents of the
		 * current page.  But note that we may get two zero_pages in a
		 * row from shmem.
		 */
		if (page == *(rqstp->rq_next_page - 1) &&
		    offset_in_page(rqstp->rq_res.page_base +
				   rqstp->rq_res.page_len))
			continue;
		if (unlikely(!svc_rqst_replace_page(rqstp, page)))
			return -EIO;
	}
	if (rqstp->rq_res.page_len == 0)	// first call
		rqstp->rq_res.page_base = offset % PAGE_SIZE;
	rqstp->rq_res.page_len += sd->len;
	return sd->len;
}

static int nfsd_direct_splice_actor(struct pipe_inode_info *pipe,
				    struct splice_desc *sd)
{
	return __splice_from_pipe(pipe, sd, nfsd_splice_actor);
}

static u32 nfsd_eof_on_read(struct file *file, loff_t offset, ssize_t len,
		size_t expected)
{
	if (expected != 0 && len == 0)
		return 1;
	if (offset+len >= i_size_read(file_inode(file)))
		return 1;
	return 0;
}

static __be32 nfsd_finish_read(struct svc_rqst *rqstp, struct svc_fh *fhp,
			       struct file *file, loff_t offset,
			       unsigned long *count, u32 *eof, ssize_t host_err)
{
	if (host_err >= 0) {
		struct nfsd_net *nn = net_generic(SVC_NET(rqstp), nfsd_net_id);

		nfsd_stats_io_read_add(nn, fhp->fh_export, host_err);
		*eof = nfsd_eof_on_read(file, offset, host_err, *count);
		*count = host_err;
		trace_nfsd_read_io_done(rqstp, fhp, offset, *count);
		return 0;
	} else {
		trace_nfsd_read_err(rqstp, fhp, offset, host_err);
		return nfserrno(host_err);
	}
}

/**
 * nfsd_splice_read - Perform a VFS read using a splice pipe
 * @rqstp: RPC transaction context
 * @fhp: file handle of file to be read
 * @file: opened struct file of file to be read
 * @offset: starting byte offset
 * @count: IN: requested number of bytes; OUT: number of bytes read
 * @eof: OUT: set non-zero if operation reached the end of the file
 *
 * Returns nfs_ok on success, otherwise an nfserr stat value is
 * returned.
 */
__be32 nfsd_splice_read(struct svc_rqst *rqstp, struct svc_fh *fhp,
			struct file *file, loff_t offset, unsigned long *count,
			u32 *eof)
{
	ssize_t host_err;

	trace_nfsd_read_splice(rqstp, fhp, offset, *count);
	host_err = vfs_splice_to_actor(file, offset, *count,
				       nfsd_direct_splice_actor, rqstp);
	return nfsd_finish_read(rqstp, fhp, file, offset, count, eof, host_err);
}

/*
 * The byte range of the client's READ request is expanded on both ends
 * until it meets the underlying file system's direct I/O alignment
 * requirements. After the internal read is complete, the byte range of
 * the NFS READ payload is reduced to the byte range that was originally
 * requested.
 *
 * Note that a direct read can be done only when the xdr_buf containing
 * the NFS READ reply does not already have contents in its .pages array.
 * This is due to potentially restrictive alignment requirements on the
 * read buffer. When .page_len and @base are zero, the .pages array is
 * guaranteed to be page-aligned.
 */
static noinline_for_stack __be32
nfsd_direct_read(struct svc_rqst *rqstp, struct svc_fh *fhp,
		 struct nfsd_file *nf, loff_t offset, unsigned long *count,
		 u32 *eof)
{
	u64 dio_start, dio_end;
	unsigned long v, total;
	struct iov_iter iter;
	struct kiocb kiocb;
	ssize_t host_err;
	size_t len;

	init_sync_kiocb(&kiocb, nf->nf_file);
	kiocb.ki_flags |= IOCB_DIRECT;

	/* Read a properly-aligned region of bytes into rq_bvec */
	dio_start = round_down(offset, nf->nf_dio_read_offset_align);
	dio_end = round_up((u64)offset + *count, nf->nf_dio_read_offset_align);

	kiocb.ki_pos = dio_start;

	v = 0;
	total = dio_end - dio_start;
	while (total && v < rqstp->rq_maxpages &&
	       rqstp->rq_next_page < rqstp->rq_page_end) {
		len = min_t(size_t, total, PAGE_SIZE);
		bvec_set_page(&rqstp->rq_bvec[v], *rqstp->rq_next_page,
			      len, 0);

		total -= len;
		++rqstp->rq_next_page;
		++v;
	}

	trace_nfsd_read_direct(rqstp, fhp, offset, *count - total);
	iov_iter_bvec(&iter, ITER_DEST, rqstp->rq_bvec, v,
		      dio_end - dio_start - total);

	host_err = vfs_iocb_iter_read(nf->nf_file, &kiocb, &iter);
	if (host_err >= 0) {
		unsigned int pad = offset - dio_start;

		/* The returned payload starts after the pad */
		rqstp->rq_res.page_base = pad;

		/* Compute the count of bytes to be returned */
		if (host_err > pad + *count)
			host_err = *count;
		else if (host_err > pad)
			host_err -= pad;
		else
			host_err = 0;
	} else if (unlikely(host_err == -EINVAL)) {
		struct inode *inode = d_inode(fhp->fh_dentry);

		pr_info_ratelimited("nfsd: Direct I/O alignment failure on %s/%llu\n",
				    inode->i_sb->s_id, inode->i_ino);
		host_err = -ESERVERFAULT;
	}

	return nfsd_finish_read(rqstp, fhp, nf->nf_file, offset, count,
				eof, host_err);
}

/**
 * nfsd_iter_read - Perform a VFS read using an iterator
 * @rqstp: RPC transaction context
 * @fhp: file handle of file to be read
 * @nf: opened struct nfsd_file of file to be read
 * @offset: starting byte offset
 * @count: IN: requested number of bytes; OUT: number of bytes read
 * @base: offset in first page of read buffer
 * @eof: OUT: set non-zero if operation reached the end of the file
 *
 * Some filesystems or situations cannot use nfsd_splice_read. This
 * function is the slightly less-performant fallback for those cases.
 *
 * Returns nfs_ok on success, otherwise an nfserr stat value is
 * returned.
 */
__be32 nfsd_iter_read(struct svc_rqst *rqstp, struct svc_fh *fhp,
		      struct nfsd_file *nf, loff_t offset, unsigned long *count,
		      unsigned int base, u32 *eof)
{
	struct file *file = nf->nf_file;
	unsigned long v, total;
	struct iov_iter iter;
	struct kiocb kiocb;
	ssize_t host_err;
	size_t len;

	init_sync_kiocb(&kiocb, file);

	switch (nfsd_io_cache_read) {
	case NFSD_IO_BUFFERED:
		break;
	case NFSD_IO_DIRECT:
		/* When dio_read_offset_align is zero, dio is not supported */
		if (nf->nf_dio_read_offset_align && !rqstp->rq_res.page_len)
			return nfsd_direct_read(rqstp, fhp, nf, offset,
						count, eof);
		fallthrough;
	case NFSD_IO_DONTCACHE:
		if (file->f_op->fop_flags & FOP_DONTCACHE)
			kiocb.ki_flags = IOCB_DONTCACHE;
		break;
	}

	kiocb.ki_pos = offset;

	v = 0;
	total = *count;
	while (total && v < rqstp->rq_maxpages &&
	       rqstp->rq_next_page < rqstp->rq_page_end) {
		len = min_t(size_t, total, PAGE_SIZE - base);
		bvec_set_page(&rqstp->rq_bvec[v], *rqstp->rq_next_page,
			      len, base);

		total -= len;
		++rqstp->rq_next_page;
		++v;
		base = 0;
	}

	trace_nfsd_read_vector(rqstp, fhp, offset, *count - total);
	iov_iter_bvec(&iter, ITER_DEST, rqstp->rq_bvec, v, *count - total);
	host_err = vfs_iocb_iter_read(file, &kiocb, &iter);
	return nfsd_finish_read(rqstp, fhp, file, offset, count, eof, host_err);
}

/*
 * Gathered writes: If another process is currently writing to the file,
 * there's a high chance this is another nfsd (triggered by a bulk write
 * from a client's biod). Rather than syncing the file with each write
 * request, we sleep for 10 msec.
 *
 * I don't know if this roughly approximates C. Juszak's idea of
 * gathered writes, but it's a nice and simple solution (IMHO), and it
 * seems to work:-)
 *
 * Note: we do this only in the NFSv2 case, since v3 and higher have a
 * better tool (separate unstable writes and commits) for solving this
 * problem.
 */
static int wait_for_concurrent_writes(struct file *file)
{
	struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
	static ino_t last_ino;
	static dev_t last_dev;
	int err = 0;

	if (atomic_read(&inode->i_writecount) > 1
	    || (last_ino == inode->i_ino && last_dev == inode->i_sb->s_dev)) {
		dprintk("nfsd: write defer %d\n", task_pid_nr(current));
		msleep(10);
		dprintk("nfsd: write resume %d\n", task_pid_nr(current));
	}

	if (inode_state_read_once(inode) & I_DIRTY) {
		dprintk("nfsd: write sync %d\n", task_pid_nr(current));
		err = vfs_fsync(file, 0);
	}
	last_ino = inode->i_ino;
	last_dev = inode->i_sb->s_dev;
	return err;
}

struct nfsd_write_dio_seg {
	struct iov_iter			iter;
	int				flags;
};

static unsigned long
iov_iter_bvec_offset(const struct iov_iter *iter)
{
	return (unsigned long)(iter->bvec->bv_offset + iter->iov_offset);
}

static void
nfsd_write_dio_seg_init(struct nfsd_write_dio_seg *segment,
			struct bio_vec *bvec, unsigned int nvecs,
			unsigned long total, size_t start, size_t len,
			struct kiocb *iocb)
{
	iov_iter_bvec(&segment->iter, ITER_SOURCE, bvec, nvecs, total);
	if (start)
		iov_iter_advance(&segment->iter, start);
	iov_iter_truncate(&segment->iter, len);
	segment->flags = iocb->ki_flags;
}

static unsigned int
nfsd_write_dio_iters_init(struct nfsd_file *nf, struct bio_vec *bvec,
			  unsigned int nvecs, struct kiocb *iocb,
			  unsigned long total,
			  struct nfsd_write_dio_seg segments[3])
{
	u32 offset_align = nf->nf_dio_offset_align;
	loff_t prefix_end, orig_end, middle_end;
	u32 mem_align = nf->nf_dio_mem_align;
	size_t prefix, middle, suffix;
	loff_t offset = iocb->ki_pos;
	unsigned int nsegs = 0;

	/*
	 * Check if direct I/O is feasible for this write request.
	 * If alignments are not available, the write is too small,
	 * or no alignment can be found, fall back to buffered I/O.
	 */
	if (unlikely(!mem_align || !offset_align) ||
	    unlikely(total < max(offset_align, mem_align)))
		goto no_dio;

	prefix_end = round_up(offset, offset_align);
	orig_end = offset + total;
	middle_end = round_down(orig_end, offset_align);

	prefix = prefix_end - offset;
	middle = middle_end - prefix_end;
	suffix = orig_end - middle_end;

	if (!middle)
		goto no_dio;

	if (prefix)
		nfsd_write_dio_seg_init(&segments[nsegs++], bvec,
					nvecs, total, 0, prefix, iocb);

	nfsd_write_dio_seg_init(&segments[nsegs], bvec, nvecs,
				total, prefix, middle, iocb);

	/*
	 * Check if the bvec iterator is aligned for direct I/O.
	 *
	 * bvecs generated from RPC receive buffers are contiguous: After
	 * the first bvec, all subsequent bvecs start at bv_offset zero
	 * (page-aligned). Therefore, only the first bvec is checked.
	 */
	if (iov_iter_bvec_offset(&segments[nsegs].iter) & (mem_align - 1))
		goto no_dio;
	segments[nsegs].flags |= IOCB_DIRECT;
	nsegs++;

	if (suffix)
		nfsd_write_dio_seg_init(&segments[nsegs++], bvec, nvecs, total,
					prefix + middle, suffix, iocb);

	return nsegs;

no_dio:
	/* No DIO alignment possible - pack into single non-DIO segment. */
	nfsd_write_dio_seg_init(&segments[0], bvec, nvecs, total, 0,
				total, iocb);
	return 1;
}

static noinline_for_stack int
nfsd_direct_write(struct svc_rqst *rqstp, struct svc_fh *fhp,
		  struct nfsd_file *nf, unsigned int nvecs,
		  unsigned long *cnt, struct kiocb *kiocb)
{
	struct nfsd_write_dio_seg segments[3];
	struct file *file = nf->nf_file;
	unsigned int nsegs, i;
	ssize_t host_err;
	size_t expected;

	nsegs = nfsd_write_dio_iters_init(nf, rqstp->rq_bvec, nvecs,
					  kiocb, *cnt, segments);

	*cnt = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < nsegs; i++) {
		kiocb->ki_flags = segments[i].flags;
		if (kiocb->ki_flags & IOCB_DIRECT)
			trace_nfsd_write_direct(rqstp, fhp, kiocb->ki_pos,
						segments[i].iter.count);
		else {
			trace_nfsd_write_vector(rqstp, fhp, kiocb->ki_pos,
						segments[i].iter.count);
			/*
			 * Mark the I/O buffer as evict-able to reduce
			 * memory contention.
			 */
			if (nf->nf_file->f_op->fop_flags & FOP_DONTCACHE)
				kiocb->ki_flags |= IOCB_DONTCACHE;
		}

		expected = iov_iter_count(&segments[i].iter);

		host_err = vfs_iocb_iter_write(file, kiocb, &segments[i].iter);
		if (host_err < 0)
			return host_err;
		*cnt += host_err;
		if (host_err < (ssize_t)expected)
			break;	/* partial write */
	}

	return 0;
}

/**
 * nfsd_vfs_write - write data to an already-open file
 * @rqstp: RPC execution context
 * @fhp: File handle of file to write into
 * @nf: An open file matching @fhp
 * @offset: Byte offset of start
 * @payload: xdr_buf containing the write payload
 * @cnt: IN: number of bytes to write, OUT: number of bytes actually written
 * @stable: An NFS stable_how value
 * @verf: NFS WRITE verifier
 *
 * Upon return, caller must invoke fh_put on @fhp.
 *
 * Return values:
 *   An nfsstat value in network byte order.
 */
__be32
nfsd_vfs_write(struct svc_rqst *rqstp, struct svc_fh *fhp,
	       struct nfsd_file *nf, loff_t offset,
	       const struct xdr_buf *payload, unsigned long *cnt,
	       int stable, __be32 *verf)
{
	struct nfsd_net		*nn = net_generic(SVC_NET(rqstp), nfsd_net_id);
	struct file		*file = nf->nf_file;
	struct super_block	*sb = file_inode(file)->i_sb;
	struct kiocb		kiocb;
	struct svc_export	*exp;
	struct iov_iter		iter;
	errseq_t		since;
	__be32			nfserr;
	int			host_err;
	unsigned long		exp_op_flags = 0;
	unsigned int		pflags = current->flags;
	bool			restore_flags = false;
	int			nvecs;

	trace_nfsd_write_opened(rqstp, fhp, offset, *cnt);

	if (sb->s_export_op)
		exp_op_flags = sb->s_export_op->flags;

	if (test_bit(RQ_LOCAL, &rqstp->rq_flags) &&
	    !(exp_op_flags & EXPORT_OP_REMOTE_FS)) {
		/*
		 * We want throttling in balance_dirty_pages()
		 * and shrink_inactive_list() to only consider
		 * the backingdev we are writing to, so that nfs to
		 * localhost doesn't cause nfsd to lock up due to all
		 * the client's dirty pages or its congested queue.
		 */
		current->flags |= PF_LOCAL_THROTTLE;
		restore_flags = true;
	}

	exp = fhp->fh_export;

	if (!EX_ISSYNC(exp))
		stable = NFS_UNSTABLE;
	init_sync_kiocb(&kiocb, file);
	kiocb.ki_pos = offset;
	if (likely(!fhp->fh_use_wgather)) {
		switch (stable) {
		case NFS_FILE_SYNC:
			/* persist data and timestamps */
			kiocb.ki_flags |= IOCB_DSYNC | IOCB_SYNC;
			break;
		case NFS_DATA_SYNC:
			/* persist data only */
			kiocb.ki_flags |= IOCB_DSYNC;
			break;
		}
	}

	nvecs = xdr_buf_to_bvec(rqstp->rq_bvec, rqstp->rq_maxpages, payload);
	if (nvecs < 0) {
		host_err = nvecs;
		goto out_nfserr;
	}

	since = READ_ONCE(file->f_wb_err);
	if (verf)
		nfsd_copy_write_verifier(verf, nn);

	switch (nfsd_io_cache_write) {
	case NFSD_IO_DIRECT:
		host_err = nfsd_direct_write(rqstp, fhp, nf, nvecs,
					     cnt, &kiocb);
		break;
	case NFSD_IO_DONTCACHE:
		if (file->f_op->fop_flags & FOP_DONTCACHE)
			kiocb.ki_flags |= IOCB_DONTCACHE;
		fallthrough;
	case NFSD_IO_BUFFERED:
		iov_iter_bvec(&iter, ITER_SOURCE, rqstp->rq_bvec, nvecs, *cnt);
		host_err = vfs_iocb_iter_write(file, &kiocb, &iter);
		if (host_err < 0)
			break;
		*cnt = host_err;
		break;
	}
	if (host_err < 0) {
		commit_reset_write_verifier(nn, rqstp, host_err);
		goto out_nfserr;
	}
	nfsd_stats_io_write_add(nn, exp, *cnt);
	fsnotify_modify(file);
	host_err = filemap_check_wb_err(file->f_mapping, since);
	if (host_err < 0) {
		commit_reset_write_verifier(nn, rqstp, host_err);
		goto out_nfserr;
	}

	if (stable && fhp->fh_use_wgather) {
		host_err = wait_for_concurrent_writes(file);
		if (host_err < 0)
			commit_reset_write_verifier(nn, rqstp, host_err);
	}

out_nfserr:
	if (host_err >= 0) {
		trace_nfsd_write_io_done(rqstp, fhp, offset, *cnt);
		nfserr = nfs_ok;
	} else {
		trace_nfsd_write_err(rqstp, fhp, offset, host_err);
		nfserr = nfserrno(host_err);
	}
	if (restore_flags)
		current_restore_flags(pflags, PF_LOCAL_THROTTLE);
	return nfserr;
}

/**
 * nfsd_read_splice_ok - check if spliced reading is supported
 * @rqstp: RPC transaction context
 *
 * Return values:
 *   %true: nfsd_splice_read() may be used
 *   %false: nfsd_splice_read() must not be used
 *
 * NFS READ normally uses splice to send data in-place. However the
 * data in cache can change after the reply's MIC is computed but
 * before the RPC reply is sent. To prevent the client from
 * rejecting the server-computed MIC in this somewhat rare case, do
 * not use splice with the GSS integrity and privacy services.
 */
bool nfsd_read_splice_ok(struct svc_rqst *rqstp)
{
	if (nfsd_disable_splice_read)
		return false;
	switch (svc_auth_flavor(rqstp)) {
	case RPC_AUTH_GSS_KRB5I:
	case RPC_AUTH_GSS_KRB5P:
		return false;
	}
	return true;
}

/**
 * nfsd_read - Read data from a file
 * @rqstp: RPC transaction context
 * @fhp: file handle of file to be read
 * @offset: starting byte offset
 * @count: IN: requested number of bytes; OUT: number of bytes read
 * @eof: OUT: set non-zero if operation reached the end of the file
 *
 * The caller must verify that there is enough space in @rqstp.rq_res
 * to perform this operation.
 *
 * N.B. After this call fhp needs an fh_put
 *
 * Returns nfs_ok on success, otherwise an nfserr stat value is
 * returned.
 */
__be32 nfsd_read(struct svc_rqst *rqstp, struct svc_fh *fhp,
		 loff_t offset, unsigned long *count, u32 *eof)
{
	struct nfsd_file	*nf;
	struct file *file;
	__be32 err;

	trace_nfsd_read_start(rqstp, fhp, offset, *count);
	err = nfsd_file_acquire_gc(rqstp, fhp, NFSD_MAY_READ, &nf);
	if (err)
		return err;

	file = nf->nf_file;
	if (file->f_op->splice_read && nfsd_read_splice_ok(rqstp))
		err = nfsd_splice_read(rqstp, fhp, file, offset, count, eof);
	else
		err = nfsd_iter_read(rqstp, fhp, nf, offset, count, 0, eof);

	nfsd_file_put(nf);
	trace_nfsd_read_done(rqstp, fhp, offset, *count);
	return err;
}

/**
 * nfsd_write - open a file and write data to it
 * @rqstp: RPC execution context
 * @fhp: File handle of file to write into; nfsd_write() may modify it
 * @offset: Byte offset of start
 * @payload: xdr_buf containing the write payload
 * @cnt: IN: number of bytes to write, OUT: number of bytes actually written
 * @stable: An NFS stable_how value
 * @verf: NFS WRITE verifier
 *
 * Upon return, caller must invoke fh_put on @fhp.
 *
 * Return values:
 *   An nfsstat value in network byte order.
 */
__be32
nfsd_write(struct svc_rqst *rqstp, struct svc_fh *fhp, loff_t offset,
	   const struct xdr_buf *payload, unsigned long *cnt, int stable,
	   __be32 *verf)
{
	struct nfsd_file *nf;
	__be32 err;

	trace_nfsd_write_start(rqstp, fhp, offset, *cnt);

	err = nfsd_file_acquire_gc(rqstp, fhp, NFSD_MAY_WRITE, &nf);
	if (err)
		goto out;

	err = nfsd_vfs_write(rqstp, fhp, nf, offset, payload, cnt,
			     stable, verf);
	nfsd_file_put(nf);
out:
	trace_nfsd_write_done(rqstp, fhp, offset, *cnt);
	return err;
}

/**
 * nfsd_commit - Commit pending writes to stable storage
 * @rqstp: RPC request being processed
 * @fhp: NFS filehandle
 * @nf: target file
 * @offset: raw offset from beginning of file
 * @count: raw count of bytes to sync
 * @verf: filled in with the server's current write verifier
 *
 * Note: we guarantee that data that lies within the range specified
 * by the 'offset' and 'count' parameters will be synced. The server
 * is permitted to sync data that lies outside this range at the
 * same time.
 *
 * Unfortunately we cannot lock the file to make sure we return full WCC
 * data to the client, as locking happens lower down in the filesystem.
 *
 * Return values:
 *   An nfsstat value in network byte order.
 */
__be32
nfsd_commit(struct svc_rqst *rqstp, struct svc_fh *fhp, struct nfsd_file *nf,
	    u64 offset, u32 count, __be32 *verf)
{
	__be32			err = nfs_ok;
	u64			maxbytes;
	loff_t			start, end;
	struct nfsd_net		*nn;

	trace_nfsd_commit_start(rqstp, fhp, offset, count);

	/*
	 * Convert the client-provided (offset, count) range to a
	 * (start, end) range. If the client-provided range falls
	 * outside the maximum file size of the underlying FS,
	 * clamp the sync range appropriately.
	 */
	start = 0;
	end = LLONG_MAX;
	maxbytes = (u64)fhp->fh_dentry->d_sb->s_maxbytes;
	if (offset < maxbytes) {
		start = offset;
		if (count && (offset + count - 1 < maxbytes))
			end = offset + count - 1;
	}

	nn = net_generic(nf->nf_net, nfsd_net_id);
	if (EX_ISSYNC(fhp->fh_export)) {
		errseq_t since = READ_ONCE(nf->nf_file->f_wb_err);
		int err2;

		err2 = vfs_fsync_range(nf->nf_file, start, end, 0);
		switch (err2) {
		case 0:
			nfsd_copy_write_verifier(verf, nn);
			err2 = filemap_check_wb_err(nf->nf_file->f_mapping,
						    since);
			if (err2 < 0)
				commit_reset_write_verifier(nn, rqstp, err2);
			err = nfserrno(err2);
			break;
		case -EINVAL:
			err = nfserr_notsupp;
			break;
		default:
			commit_reset_write_verifier(nn, rqstp, err2);
			err = nfserrno(err2);
		}
	} else
		nfsd_copy_write_verifier(verf, nn);

	trace_nfsd_commit_done(rqstp, fhp, offset, count);
	return err;
}

/**
 * nfsd_create_setattr - Set a created file's attributes
 * @rqstp: RPC transaction being executed
 * @fhp: NFS filehandle of parent directory
 * @resfhp: NFS filehandle of new object
 * @attrs: requested attributes of new object
 *
 * Returns nfs_ok on success, or an nfsstat in network byte order.
 */
__be32
nfsd_create_setattr(struct svc_rqst *rqstp, struct svc_fh *fhp,
		    struct svc_fh *resfhp, struct nfsd_attrs *attrs)
{
	struct iattr *iap = attrs->na_iattr;
	__be32 status;

	/*
	 * Mode has already been set by file creation.
	 */
	iap->ia_valid &= ~ATTR_MODE;

	/*
	 * Setting uid/gid works only for root.  Irix appears to
	 * send along the gid on create when it tries to implement
	 * setgid directories via NFS:
	 */
	if (!uid_eq(current_fsuid(), GLOBAL_ROOT_UID))
		iap->ia_valid &= ~(ATTR_UID|ATTR_GID);

	/*
	 * Callers expect new file metadata to be committed even
	 * if the attributes have not changed.
	 */
	if (nfsd_attrs_valid(attrs))
		status = nfsd_setattr(rqstp, resfhp, attrs, NULL);
	else
		status = nfserrno(commit_metadata(resfhp));

	/*
	 * Transactional filesystems had a chance to commit changes
	 * for both parent and child simultaneously making the
	 * following commit_metadata a noop in many cases.
	 */
	if (!status)
		status = nfserrno(commit_metadata(fhp));

	/*
	 * Update the new filehandle to pick up the new attributes.
	 */
	if (!status)
		status = fh_update(resfhp);

	return status;
}

/* HPUX client sometimes creates a file in mode 000, and sets size to 0.
 * setting size to 0 may fail for some specific file systems by the permission
 * checking which requires WRITE permission but the mode is 000.
 * we ignore the resizing(to 0) on the just new created file, since the size is
 * 0 after file created.
 *
 * call this only after vfs_create() is called.
 * */
static void
nfsd_check_ignore_resizing(struct iattr *iap)
{
	if ((iap->ia_valid & ATTR_SIZE) && (iap->ia_size == 0))
		iap->ia_valid &= ~ATTR_SIZE;
}

/* The parent directory should already be locked - we will unlock */
__be32
nfsd_create_locked(struct svc_rqst *rqstp, struct svc_fh *fhp,
		   struct nfsd_attrs *attrs,
		   int type, dev_t rdev, struct svc_fh *resfhp)
{
	struct dentry	*dentry, *dchild;
	struct inode	*dirp;
	struct iattr	*iap = attrs->na_iattr;
	__be32		err;
	int		host_err = 0;

	dentry = fhp->fh_dentry;
	dirp = d_inode(dentry);

	dchild = dget(resfhp->fh_dentry);
	err = nfsd_permission(&rqstp->rq_cred, fhp->fh_export, dentry,
			      NFSD_MAY_CREATE);
	if (err)
		goto out;

	if (!(iap->ia_valid & ATTR_MODE))
		iap->ia_mode = 0;
	iap->ia_mode = (iap->ia_mode & S_IALLUGO) | type;

	if (!IS_POSIXACL(dirp))
		iap->ia_mode &= ~current_umask();

	err = 0;
	switch (type) {
	case S_IFREG:
		host_err = vfs_create(&nop_mnt_idmap, dchild, iap->ia_mode, NULL);
		if (!host_err)
			nfsd_check_ignore_resizing(iap);
		break;
	case S_IFDIR:
		dchild = vfs_mkdir(&nop_mnt_idmap, dirp, dchild, iap->ia_mode, NULL);
		if (IS_ERR(dchild)) {
			host_err = PTR_ERR(dchild);
		} else if (d_is_negative(dchild)) {
			err = nfserr_serverfault;
			goto out;
		} else if (unlikely(dchild != resfhp->fh_dentry)) {
			dput(resfhp->fh_dentry);
			resfhp->fh_dentry = dget(dchild);
		}
		break;
	case S_IFCHR:
	case S_IFBLK:
	case S_IFIFO:
	case S_IFSOCK:
		host_err = vfs_mknod(&nop_mnt_idmap, dirp, dchild,
				     iap->ia_mode, rdev, NULL);
		break;
	default:
		printk(KERN_WARNING "nfsd: bad file type %o in nfsd_create\n",
		       type);
		host_err = -EINVAL;
	}
	if (host_err < 0)
		goto out_nfserr;

	err = nfsd_create_setattr(rqstp, fhp, resfhp, attrs);

out:
	if (!err)
		fh_fill_post_attrs(fhp);
	end_creating(dchild);
	return err;

out_nfserr:
	err = nfserrno(host_err);
	goto out;
}

/*
 * Create a filesystem object (regular, directory, special).
 * Note that the parent directory is left locked.
 *
 * N.B. Every call to nfsd_create needs an fh_put for _both_ fhp and resfhp
 */
__be32
nfsd_create(struct svc_rqst *rqstp, struct svc_fh *fhp,
	    char *fname, int flen, struct nfsd_attrs *attrs,
	    int type, dev_t rdev, struct svc_fh *resfhp)
{
	struct dentry	*dentry, *dchild = NULL;
	__be32		err;
	int		host_err;

	trace_nfsd_vfs_create(rqstp, fhp, type, fname, flen);

	if (name_is_dot_dotdot(fname, flen))
		return nfserr_exist;

	err = fh_verify(rqstp, fhp, S_IFDIR, NFSD_MAY_NOP);
	if (err)
		return err;

	dentry = fhp->fh_dentry;

	host_err = fh_want_write(fhp);
	if (host_err)
		return nfserrno(host_err);

	dchild = start_creating(&nop_mnt_idmap, dentry, &QSTR_LEN(fname, flen));
	host_err = PTR_ERR(dchild);
	if (IS_ERR(dchild))
		return nfserrno(host_err);

	err = fh_compose(resfhp, fhp->fh_export, dchild, fhp);
	if (err)
		goto out_unlock;
	err = fh_fill_pre_attrs(fhp);
	if (err != nfs_ok)
		goto out_unlock;
	err = nfsd_create_locked(rqstp, fhp, attrs, type, rdev, resfhp);
	/* nfsd_create_locked() unlocked the parent */
	dput(dchild);
	return err;

out_unlock:
	end_creating(dchild);
	return err;
}

/*
 * Read a symlink. On entry, *lenp must contain the maximum path length that
 * fits into the buffer. On return, it contains the true length.
 * N.B. After this call fhp needs an fh_put
 */
__be32
nfsd_readlink(struct svc_rqst *rqstp, struct svc_fh *fhp, char *buf, int *lenp)
{
	__be32		err;
	const char *link;
	struct path path;
	DEFINE_DELAYED_CALL(done);
	int len;

	err = fh_verify(rqstp, fhp, S_IFLNK, NFSD_MAY_NOP);
	if (unlikely(err))
		return err;

	path.mnt = fhp->fh_export->ex_path.mnt;
	path.dentry = fhp->fh_dentry;

	if (unlikely(!d_is_symlink(path.dentry)))
		return nfserr_inval;

	touch_atime(&path);

	link = vfs_get_link(path.dentry, &done);
	if (IS_ERR(link))
		return nfserrno(PTR_ERR(link));

	len = strlen(link);
	if (len < *lenp)
		*lenp = len;
	memcpy(buf, link, *lenp);
	do_delayed_call(&done);
	return 0;
}

/**
 * nfsd_symlink - Create a symlink and look up its inode
 * @rqstp: RPC transaction being executed
 * @fhp: NFS filehandle of parent directory
 * @fname: filename of the new symlink
 * @flen: length of @fname
 * @path: content of the new symlink (NUL-terminated)
 * @attrs: requested attributes of new object
 * @resfhp: NFS filehandle of new object
 *
 * N.B. After this call _both_ fhp and resfhp need an fh_put
 *
 * Returns nfs_ok on success, or an nfsstat in network byte order.
 */
__be32
nfsd_symlink(struct svc_rqst *rqstp, struct svc_fh *fhp,
	     char *fname, int flen,
	     char *path, struct nfsd_attrs *attrs,
	     struct svc_fh *resfhp)
{
	struct dentry	*dentry, *dnew;
	__be32		err, cerr;
	int		host_err;

	trace_nfsd_vfs_symlink(rqstp, fhp, fname, flen, path);

	err = nfserr_noent;
	if (!flen || path[0] == '\0')
		goto out;
	err = nfserr_exist;
	if (name_is_dot_dotdot(fname, flen))
		goto out;

	err = fh_verify(rqstp, fhp, S_IFDIR, NFSD_MAY_CREATE);
	if (err)
		goto out;

	host_err = fh_want_write(fhp);
	if (host_err) {
		err = nfserrno(host_err);
		goto out;
	}

	dentry = fhp->fh_dentry;
	dnew = start_creating(&nop_mnt_idmap, dentry, &QSTR_LEN(fname, flen));
	if (IS_ERR(dnew)) {
		err = nfserrno(PTR_ERR(dnew));
		goto out_drop_write;
	}
	err = fh_fill_pre_attrs(fhp);
	if (err != nfs_ok)
		goto out_unlock;
	host_err = vfs_symlink(&nop_mnt_idmap, d_inode(dentry), dnew, path, NULL);
	err = nfserrno(host_err);
	cerr = fh_compose(resfhp, fhp->fh_export, dnew, fhp);
	if (!err)
		nfsd_create_setattr(rqstp, fhp, resfhp, attrs);
	fh_fill_post_attrs(fhp);
out_unlock:
	end_creating(dnew);
	if (!err)
		err = nfserrno(commit_metadata(fhp));
	if (!err)
		err = cerr;
out_drop_write:
	fh_drop_write(fhp);
out:
	return err;
}

/**
 * nfsd_link - create a link
 * @rqstp: RPC transaction context
 * @ffhp: the file handle of the directory where the new link is to be created
 * @name: the filename of the new link
 * @len: the length of @name in octets
 * @tfhp: the file handle of an existing file object
 *
 * After this call _both_ ffhp and tfhp need an fh_put.
 *
 * Returns a generic NFS status code in network byte-order.
 */
__be32
nfsd_link(struct svc_rqst *rqstp, struct svc_fh *ffhp,
				char *name, int len, struct svc_fh *tfhp)
{
	struct dentry	*ddir, *dnew, *dold;
	struct inode	*dirp;
	int		type;
	__be32		err;
	int		host_err;

	trace_nfsd_vfs_link(rqstp, ffhp, tfhp, name, len);

	err = fh_verify(rqstp, ffhp, S_IFDIR, NFSD_MAY_CREATE);
	if (err)
		goto out;
	err = fh_verify(rqstp, tfhp, 0, NFSD_MAY_NOP);
	if (err)
		goto out;
	err = nfserr_isdir;
	if (d_is_dir(tfhp->fh_dentry))
		goto out;
	err = nfserr_perm;
	if (!len)
		goto out;
	err = nfserr_exist;
	if (name_is_dot_dotdot(name, len))
		goto out;

	err = nfs_ok;
	type = d_inode(tfhp->fh_dentry)->i_mode & S_IFMT;
	host_err = fh_want_write(tfhp);
	if (host_err)
		goto out;

	ddir = ffhp->fh_dentry;
	dirp = d_inode(ddir);
	dnew = start_creating(&nop_mnt_idmap, ddir, &QSTR_LEN(name, len));

	if (IS_ERR(dnew)) {
		host_err = PTR_ERR(dnew);
		goto out_drop_write;
	}

	dold = tfhp->fh_dentry;

	err = nfserr_noent;
	if (d_really_is_negative(dold))
		goto out_unlock;
	err = fh_fill_pre_attrs(ffhp);
	if (err != nfs_ok)
		goto out_unlock;
	host_err = vfs_link(dold, &nop_mnt_idmap, dirp, dnew, NULL);
	fh_fill_post_attrs(ffhp);
out_unlock:
	end_creating(dnew);
	if (!host_err) {
		host_err = commit_metadata(ffhp);
		if (!host_err)
			host_err = commit_metadata(tfhp);
	}

out_drop_write:
	fh_drop_write(tfhp);
	if (host_err == -EBUSY) {
		/*
		 * See RFC 8881 Section 18.9.4 para 1-2: NFSv4 LINK
		 * wants a status unique to the object type.
		 */
		if (type != S_IFDIR)
			err = nfserr_file_open;
		else
			err = nfserr_acces;
	}
out:
	return err != nfs_ok ? err : nfserrno(host_err);
}

static void
nfsd_close_cached_files(struct dentry *dentry)
{
	struct inode *inode = d_inode(dentry);

	if (inode && S_ISREG(inode->i_mode))
		nfsd_file_close_inode_sync(inode);
}

static bool
nfsd_has_cached_files(struct dentry *dentry)
{
	bool		ret = false;
	struct inode *inode = d_inode(dentry);

	if (inode && S_ISREG(inode->i_mode))
		ret = nfsd_file_is_cached(inode);
	return ret;
}

/**
 * nfsd_rename - rename a directory entry
 * @rqstp: RPC transaction context
 * @ffhp: the file handle of parent directory containing the entry to be renamed
 * @fname: the filename of directory entry to be renamed
 * @flen: the length of @fname in octets
 * @tfhp: the file handle of parent directory to contain the renamed entry
 * @tname: the filename of the new entry
 * @tlen: the length of @tlen in octets
 *
 * After this call _both_ ffhp and tfhp need an fh_put.
 *
 * Returns a generic NFS status code in network byte-order.
 */
__be32
nfsd_rename(struct svc_rqst *rqstp, struct svc_fh *ffhp, char *fname, int flen,
			    struct svc_fh *tfhp, char *tname, int tlen)
{
	struct dentry	*fdentry, *tdentry;
	int		type = S_IFDIR;
	struct renamedata rd = {};
	__be32		err;
	int		host_err;
	struct dentry	*close_cached;

	trace_nfsd_vfs_rename(rqstp, ffhp, tfhp, fname, flen, tname, tlen);

	err = fh_verify(rqstp, ffhp, S_IFDIR, NFSD_MAY_REMOVE);
	if (err)
		goto out;
	err = fh_verify(rqstp, tfhp, S_IFDIR, NFSD_MAY_CREATE);
	if (err)
		goto out;

	fdentry = ffhp->fh_dentry;

	tdentry = tfhp->fh_dentry;

	err = nfserr_perm;
	if (!flen || name_is_dot_dotdot(fname, flen) ||
	    !tlen || name_is_dot_dotdot(tname, tlen))
		goto out;

	err = nfserr_xdev;
	if (ffhp->fh_export->ex_path.mnt != tfhp->fh_export->ex_path.mnt)
		goto out;
	if (ffhp->fh_export->ex_path.dentry != tfhp->fh_export->ex_path.dentry)
		goto out;

retry:
	close_cached = NULL;
	host_err = fh_want_write(ffhp);
	if (host_err) {
		err = nfserrno(host_err);
		goto out;
	}

	rd.mnt_idmap	= &nop_mnt_idmap;
	rd.old_parent	= fdentry;
	rd.new_parent	= tdentry;

	host_err = start_renaming(&rd, 0, &QSTR_LEN(fname, flen),
				  &QSTR_LEN(tname, tlen));

	if (host_err) {
		err = nfserrno(host_err);
		goto out_want_write;
	}
	err = fh_fill_pre_attrs(ffhp);
	if (err != nfs_ok)
		goto out_unlock;
	err = fh_fill_pre_attrs(tfhp);
	if (err != nfs_ok)
		goto out_unlock;

	type = d_inode(rd.old_dentry)->i_mode & S_IFMT;

	if (d_inode(rd.new_dentry))
		type = d_inode(rd.new_dentry)->i_mode & S_IFMT;

	if ((rd.new_dentry->d_sb->s_export_op->flags & EXPORT_OP_CLOSE_BEFORE_UNLINK) &&
	    nfsd_has_cached_files(rd.new_dentry)) {
		close_cached = dget(rd.new_dentry);
		goto out_unlock;
	} else {
		int retries;

		for (retries = 1;;) {
			host_err = vfs_rename(&rd);
			if (host_err != -EAGAIN || !retries--)
				break;
			if (!nfsd_wait_for_delegreturn(rqstp, d_inode(rd.old_dentry)))
				break;
		}
		if (!host_err) {
			host_err = commit_metadata(tfhp);
			if (!host_err)
				host_err = commit_metadata(ffhp);
		}
	}
	if (host_err == -EBUSY) {
		/*
		 * See RFC 8881 Section 18.26.4 para 1-3: NFSv4 RENAME
		 * wants a status unique to the object type.
		 */
		if (type != S_IFDIR)
			err = nfserr_file_open;
		else
			err = nfserr_acces;
	} else {
		err = nfserrno(host_err);
	}

	if (!close_cached) {
		fh_fill_post_attrs(ffhp);
		fh_fill_post_attrs(tfhp);
	}
out_unlock:
	end_renaming(&rd);
out_want_write:
	fh_drop_write(ffhp);

	/*
	 * If the target dentry has cached open files, then we need to
	 * try to close them prior to doing the rename.  Final fput
	 * shouldn't be done with locks held however, so we delay it
	 * until this point and then reattempt the whole shebang.
	 */
	if (close_cached) {
		nfsd_close_cached_files(close_cached);
		dput(close_cached);
		goto retry;
	}
out:
	return err;
}

/**
 * nfsd_unlink - remove a directory entry
 * @rqstp: RPC transaction context
 * @fhp: the file handle of the parent directory to be modified
 * @type: enforced file type of the object to be removed
 * @fname: the name of directory entry to be removed
 * @flen: length of @fname in octets
 *
 * After this call fhp needs an fh_put.
 *
 * Returns a generic NFS status code in network byte-order.
 */
__be32
nfsd_unlink(struct svc_rqst *rqstp, struct svc_fh *fhp, int type,
				char *fname, int flen)
{
	struct dentry	*dentry, *rdentry;
	struct inode	*dirp;
	struct inode	*rinode = NULL;
	__be32		err;
	int		host_err;

	trace_nfsd_vfs_unlink(rqstp, fhp, fname, flen);

	err = nfserr_acces;
	if (!flen || name_is_dot_dotdot(fname, flen))
		goto out;
	err = fh_verify(rqstp, fhp, S_IFDIR, NFSD_MAY_REMOVE);
	if (err)
		goto out;

	host_err = fh_want_write(fhp);
	if (host_err)
		goto out_nfserr;

	dentry = fhp->fh_dentry;
	dirp = d_inode(dentry);

	rdentry = start_removing(&nop_mnt_idmap, dentry, &QSTR_LEN(fname, flen));

	host_err = PTR_ERR(rdentry);
	if (IS_ERR(rdentry))
		goto out_drop_write;

	err = fh_fill_pre_attrs(fhp);
	if (err != nfs_ok)
		goto out_unlock;

	rinode = d_inode(rdentry);
	/* Prevent truncation until after locks dropped */
	ihold(rinode);

	if (!type)
		type = d_inode(rdentry)->i_mode & S_IFMT;

	if (type != S_IFDIR) {
		int retries;

		if (rdentry->d_sb->s_export_op->flags & EXPORT_OP_CLOSE_BEFORE_UNLINK)
			nfsd_close_cached_files(rdentry);

		for (retries = 1;;) {
			host_err = vfs_unlink(&nop_mnt_idmap, dirp, rdentry, NULL);
			if (host_err != -EAGAIN || !retries--)
				break;
			if (!nfsd_wait_for_delegreturn(rqstp, rinode))
				break;
		}
	} else {
		host_err = vfs_rmdir(&nop_mnt_idmap, dirp, rdentry, NULL);
	}
	fh_fill_post_attrs(fhp);

out_unlock:
	end_removing(rdentry);
	if (!err && !host_err)
		host_err = commit_metadata(fhp);
	iput(rinode);    /* truncate the inode here */

out_drop_write:
	fh_drop_write(fhp);
out_nfserr:
	if (host_err == -EBUSY) {
		/*
		 * See RFC 8881 Section 18.25.4 para 4: NFSv4 REMOVE
		 * wants a status unique to the object type.
		 */
		if (type != S_IFDIR)
			err = nfserr_file_open;
		else
			err = nfserr_acces;
	}
out:
	return err != nfs_ok ? err : nfserrno(host_err);
}

/*
 * We do this buffering because we must not call back into the file
 * system's ->lookup() method from the filldir callback. That may well
 * deadlock a number of file systems.
 *
 * This is based heavily on the implementation of same in XFS.
 */
struct buffered_dirent {
	u64		ino;
	loff_t		offset;
	int		namlen;
	unsigned int	d_type;
	char		name[];
};

struct readdir_data {
	struct dir_context ctx;
	char		*dirent;
	size_t		used;
	int		full;
};

static bool nfsd_buffered_filldir(struct dir_context *ctx, const char *name,
				 int namlen, loff_t offset, u64 ino,
				 unsigned int d_type)
{
	struct readdir_data *buf =
		container_of(ctx, struct readdir_data, ctx);
	struct buffered_dirent *de = (void *)(buf->dirent + buf->used);
	unsigned int reclen;

	reclen = ALIGN(sizeof(struct buffered_dirent) + namlen, sizeof(u64));
	if (buf->used + reclen > PAGE_SIZE) {
		buf->full = 1;
		return false;
	}

	de->namlen = namlen;
	de->offset = offset;
	de->ino = ino;
	de->d_type = d_type;
	memcpy(de->name, name, namlen);
	buf->used += reclen;

	return true;
}

static __be32 nfsd_buffered_readdir(struct file *file, struct svc_fh *fhp,
				    nfsd_filldir_t func, struct readdir_cd *cdp,
				    loff_t *offsetp)
{
	struct buffered_dirent *de;
	int host_err;
	int size;
	loff_t offset;
	struct readdir_data buf = {
		.ctx.actor = nfsd_buffered_filldir,
		.dirent = kmalloc(PAGE_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL)
	};

	if (!buf.dirent)
		return nfserrno(-ENOMEM);

	offset = *offsetp;

	while (1) {
		unsigned int reclen;

		cdp->err = nfserr_eof; /* will be cleared on successful read */
		buf.used = 0;
		buf.full = 0;

		host_err = iterate_dir(file, &buf.ctx);
		if (buf.full)
			host_err = 0;

		if (host_err < 0)
			break;

		size = buf.used;

		if (!size)
			break;

		de = (struct buffered_dirent *)buf.dirent;
		while (size > 0) {
			offset = de->offset;

			if (func(cdp, de->name, de->namlen, de->offset,
				 de->ino, de->d_type))
				break;

			if (cdp->err != nfs_ok)
				break;

			trace_nfsd_dirent(fhp, de->ino, de->name, de->namlen);

			reclen = ALIGN(sizeof(*de) + de->namlen,
				       sizeof(u64));
			size -= reclen;
			de = (struct buffered_dirent *)((char *)de + reclen);
		}
		if (size > 0) /* We bailed out early */
			break;

		offset = vfs_llseek(file, 0, SEEK_CUR);
	}

	kfree((buf.dirent));

	if (host_err)
		return nfserrno(host_err);

	*offsetp = offset;
	return cdp->err;
}

/**
 * nfsd_readdir - Read entries from a directory
 * @rqstp: RPC transaction context
 * @fhp: NFS file handle of directory to be read
 * @offsetp: OUT: seek offset of final entry that was read
 * @cdp: OUT: an eof error value
 * @func: entry filler actor
 *
 * This implementation ignores the NFSv3/4 verifier cookie.
 *
 * NB: normal system calls hold file->f_pos_lock when calling
 * ->iterate_shared and ->llseek, but nfsd_readdir() does not.
 * Because the struct file acquired here is not visible to other
 * threads, it's internal state does not need mutex protection.
 *
 * Returns nfs_ok on success, otherwise an nfsstat code is
 * returned.
 */
__be32
nfsd_readdir(struct svc_rqst *rqstp, struct svc_fh *fhp, loff_t *offsetp,
	     struct readdir_cd *cdp, nfsd_filldir_t func)
{
	__be32		err;
	struct file	*file;
	loff_t		offset = *offsetp;
	int             may_flags = NFSD_MAY_READ;

	err = nfsd_open(rqstp, fhp, S_IFDIR, may_flags, &file);
	if (err)
		goto out;

	if (fhp->fh_64bit_cookies)
		file->f_mode |= FMODE_64BITHASH;
	else
		file->f_mode |= FMODE_32BITHASH;

	offset = vfs_llseek(file, offset, SEEK_SET);
	if (offset < 0) {
		err = nfserrno((int)offset);
		goto out_close;
	}

	err = nfsd_buffered_readdir(file, fhp, func, cdp, offsetp);

	if (err == nfserr_eof || err == nfserr_toosmall)
		err = nfs_ok; /* can still be found in ->err */
out_close:
	nfsd_filp_close(file);
out:
	return err;
}

/**
 * nfsd_filp_close: close a file synchronously
 * @fp: the file to close
 *
 * nfsd_filp_close() is similar in behaviour to filp_close().
 * The difference is that if this is the final close on the
 * file, the that finalisation happens immediately, rather then
 * being handed over to a work_queue, as it the case for
 * filp_close().
 * When a user-space process closes a file (even when using
 * filp_close() the finalisation happens before returning to
 * userspace, so it is effectively synchronous.  When a kernel thread
 * uses file_close(), on the other hand, the handling is completely
 * asynchronous.  This means that any cost imposed by that finalisation
 * is not imposed on the nfsd thread, and nfsd could potentually
 * close files more quickly than the work queue finalises the close,
 * which would lead to unbounded growth in the queue.
 *
 * In some contexts is it not safe to synchronously wait for
 * close finalisation (see comment for __fput_sync()), but nfsd
 * does not match those contexts.  In partcilarly it does not, at the
 * time that this function is called, hold and locks and no finalisation
 * of any file, socket, or device driver would have any cause to wait
 * for nfsd to make progress.
 */
void nfsd_filp_close(struct file *fp)
{
	get_file(fp);
	filp_close(fp, NULL);
	__fput_sync(fp);
}

/*
 * Get file system stats
 * N.B. After this call fhp needs an fh_put
 */
__be32
nfsd_statfs(struct svc_rqst *rqstp, struct svc_fh *fhp, struct kstatfs *stat, int access)
{
	__be32 err;

	trace_nfsd_vfs_statfs(rqstp, fhp);

	err = fh_verify(rqstp, fhp, 0, NFSD_MAY_NOP | access);
	if (!err) {
		struct path path = {
			.mnt	= fhp->fh_export->ex_path.mnt,
			.dentry	= fhp->fh_dentry,
		};
		if (vfs_statfs(&path, stat))
			err = nfserr_io;
	}
	return err;
}

static int exp_rdonly(struct svc_cred *cred, struct svc_export *exp)
{
	return nfsexp_flags(cred, exp) & NFSEXP_READONLY;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_NFSD_V4
/*
 * Helper function to translate error numbers. In the case of xattr operations,
 * some error codes need to be translated outside of the standard translations.
 *
 * ENODATA needs to be translated to nfserr_noxattr.
 * E2BIG to nfserr_xattr2big.
 *
 * Additionally, vfs_listxattr can return -ERANGE. This means that the
 * file has too many extended attributes to retrieve inside an
 * XATTR_LIST_MAX sized buffer. This is a bug in the xattr implementation:
 * filesystems will allow the adding of extended attributes until they hit
 * their own internal limit. This limit may be larger than XATTR_LIST_MAX.
 * So, at that point, the attributes are present and valid, but can't
 * be retrieved using listxattr, since the upper level xattr code enforces
 * the XATTR_LIST_MAX limit.
 *
 * This bug means that we need to deal with listxattr returning -ERANGE. The
 * best mapping is to return TOOSMALL.
 */
static __be32
nfsd_xattr_errno(int err)
{
	switch (err) {
	case -ENODATA:
		return nfserr_noxattr;
	case -E2BIG:
		return nfserr_xattr2big;
	case -ERANGE:
		return nfserr_toosmall;
	}
	return nfserrno(err);
}

/*
 * Retrieve the specified user extended attribute. To avoid always
 * having to allocate the maximum size (since we are not getting
 * a maximum size from the RPC), do a probe + alloc. Hold a reader
 * lock on i_rwsem to prevent the extended attribute from changing
 * size while we're doing this.
 */
__be32
nfsd_getxattr(struct svc_rqst *rqstp, struct svc_fh *fhp, char *name,
	      void **bufp, int *lenp)
{
	ssize_t len;
	__be32 err;
	char *buf;
	struct inode *inode;
	struct dentry *dentry;

	err = fh_verify(rqstp, fhp, 0, NFSD_MAY_READ);
	if (err)
		return err;

	err = nfs_ok;
	dentry = fhp->fh_dentry;
	inode = d_inode(dentry);

	inode_lock_shared(inode);

	len = vfs_getxattr(&nop_mnt_idmap, dentry, name, NULL, 0);

	/*
	 * Zero-length attribute, just return.
	 */
	if (len == 0) {
		*bufp = NULL;
		*lenp = 0;
		goto out;
	}

	if (len < 0) {
		err = nfsd_xattr_errno(len);
		goto out;
	}

	if (len > *lenp) {
		err = nfserr_toosmall;
		goto out;
	}

	buf = kvmalloc(len, GFP_KERNEL);
	if (buf == NULL) {
		err = nfserr_jukebox;
		goto out;
	}

	len = vfs_getxattr(&nop_mnt_idmap, dentry, name, buf, len);
	if (len <= 0) {
		kvfree(buf);
		buf = NULL;
		err = nfsd_xattr_errno(len);
	}

	*lenp = len;
	*bufp = buf;

out:
	inode_unlock_shared(inode);

	return err;
}

/*
 * Retrieve the xattr names. Since we can't know how many are
 * user extended attributes, we must get all attributes here,
 * and have the XDR encode filter out the "user." ones.
 *
 * While this could always just allocate an XATTR_LIST_MAX
 * buffer, that's a waste, so do a probe + allocate. To
 * avoid any changes between the probe and allocate, wrap
 * this in inode_lock.
 */
__be32
nfsd_listxattr(struct svc_rqst *rqstp, struct svc_fh *fhp, char **bufp,
	       int *lenp)
{
	ssize_t len;
	__be32 err;
	char *buf;
	struct inode *inode;
	struct dentry *dentry;

	err = fh_verify(rqstp, fhp, 0, NFSD_MAY_READ);
	if (err)
		return err;

	dentry = fhp->fh_dentry;
	inode = d_inode(dentry);
	*lenp = 0;

	inode_lock_shared(inode);

	len = vfs_listxattr(dentry, NULL, 0);
	if (len <= 0) {
		err = nfsd_xattr_errno(len);
		goto out;
	}

	if (len > XATTR_LIST_MAX) {
		err = nfserr_xattr2big;
		goto out;
	}

	buf = kvmalloc(len, GFP_KERNEL);
	if (buf == NULL) {
		err = nfserr_jukebox;
		goto out;
	}

	len = vfs_listxattr(dentry, buf, len);
	if (len <= 0) {
		kvfree(buf);
		err = nfsd_xattr_errno(len);
		goto out;
	}

	*lenp = len;
	*bufp = buf;

	err = nfs_ok;
out:
	inode_unlock_shared(inode);

	return err;
}

/**
 * nfsd_removexattr - Remove an extended attribute
 * @rqstp: RPC transaction being executed
 * @fhp: NFS filehandle of object with xattr to remove
 * @name: name of xattr to remove (NUL-terminate)
 *
 * Pass in a NULL pointer for delegated_inode, and let the client deal
 * with NFS4ERR_DELAY (same as with e.g. setattr and remove).
 *
 * Returns nfs_ok on success, or an nfsstat in network byte order.
 */
__be32
nfsd_removexattr(struct svc_rqst *rqstp, struct svc_fh *fhp, char *name)
{
	__be32 err;
	int ret;

	err = fh_verify(rqstp, fhp, 0, NFSD_MAY_WRITE);
	if (err)
		return err;

	ret = fh_want_write(fhp);
	if (ret)
		return nfserrno(ret);

	inode_lock(fhp->fh_dentry->d_inode);
	err = fh_fill_pre_attrs(fhp);
	if (err != nfs_ok)
		goto out_unlock;
	ret = __vfs_removexattr_locked(&nop_mnt_idmap, fhp->fh_dentry,
				       name, NULL);
	err = nfsd_xattr_errno(ret);
	fh_fill_post_attrs(fhp);
out_unlock:
	inode_unlock(fhp->fh_dentry->d_inode);
	fh_drop_write(fhp);

	return err;
}

__be32
nfsd_setxattr(struct svc_rqst *rqstp, struct svc_fh *fhp, char *name,
	      void *buf, u32 len, u32 flags)
{
	__be32 err;
	int ret;

	err = fh_verify(rqstp, fhp, 0, NFSD_MAY_WRITE);
	if (err)
		return err;

	ret = fh_want_write(fhp);
	if (ret)
		return nfserrno(ret);
	inode_lock(fhp->fh_dentry->d_inode);
	err = fh_fill_pre_attrs(fhp);
	if (err != nfs_ok)
		goto out_unlock;
	ret = __vfs_setxattr_locked(&nop_mnt_idmap, fhp->fh_dentry,
				    name, buf, len, flags, NULL);
	fh_fill_post_attrs(fhp);
	err = nfsd_xattr_errno(ret);
out_unlock:
	inode_unlock(fhp->fh_dentry->d_inode);
	fh_drop_write(fhp);
	return err;
}
#endif

/*
 * Check for a user's access permissions to this inode.
 */
__be32
nfsd_permission(struct svc_cred *cred, struct svc_export *exp,
		struct dentry *dentry, int acc)
{
	struct inode	*inode = d_inode(dentry);
	int		err;

	if ((acc & NFSD_MAY_MASK) == NFSD_MAY_NOP)
		return 0;
#if 0
	dprintk("nfsd: permission 0x%x%s%s%s%s%s%s%s mode 0%o%s%s%s\n",
		acc,
		(acc & NFSD_MAY_READ)?	" read"  : "",
		(acc & NFSD_MAY_WRITE)?	" write" : "",
		(acc & NFSD_MAY_EXEC)?	" exec"  : "",
		(acc & NFSD_MAY_SATTR)?	" sattr" : "",
		(acc & NFSD_MAY_TRUNC)?	" trunc" : "",
		(acc & NFSD_MAY_NLM)?	" nlm"  : "",
		(acc & NFSD_MAY_OWNER_OVERRIDE)? " owneroverride" : "",
		inode->i_mode,
		IS_IMMUTABLE(inode)?	" immut" : "",
		IS_APPEND(inode)?	" append" : "",
		__mnt_is_readonly(exp->ex_path.mnt)?	" ro" : "");
	dprintk("      owner %d/%d user %d/%d\n",
		inode->i_uid, inode->i_gid, current_fsuid(), current_fsgid());
#endif

	/* Normally we reject any write/sattr etc access on a read-only file
	 * system.  But if it is IRIX doing check on write-access for a
	 * device special file, we ignore rofs.
	 */
	if (!(acc & NFSD_MAY_LOCAL_ACCESS))
		if (acc & (NFSD_MAY_WRITE | NFSD_MAY_SATTR | NFSD_MAY_TRUNC)) {
			if (exp_rdonly(cred, exp) ||
			    __mnt_is_readonly(exp->ex_path.mnt))
				return nfserr_rofs;
			if (/* (acc & NFSD_MAY_WRITE) && */ IS_IMMUTABLE(inode))
				return nfserr_perm;
		}
	if ((acc & NFSD_MAY_TRUNC) && IS_APPEND(inode))
		return nfserr_perm;

	/*
	 * The file owner always gets access permission for accesses that
	 * would normally be checked at open time. This is to make
	 * file access work even when the client has done a fchmod(fd, 0).
	 *
	 * However, `cp foo bar' should fail nevertheless when bar is
	 * readonly. A sensible way to do this might be to reject all
	 * attempts to truncate a read-only file, because a creat() call
	 * always implies file truncation.
	 * ... but this isn't really fair.  A process may reasonably call
	 * ftruncate on an open file descriptor on a file with perm 000.
	 * We must trust the client to do permission checking - using "ACCESS"
	 * with NFSv3.
	 */
	if ((acc & NFSD_MAY_OWNER_OVERRIDE) &&
	    uid_eq(inode->i_uid, current_fsuid()))
		return 0;

	/* This assumes  NFSD_MAY_{READ,WRITE,EXEC} == MAY_{READ,WRITE,EXEC} */
	err = inode_permission(&nop_mnt_idmap, inode,
			       acc & (MAY_READ | MAY_WRITE | MAY_EXEC));

	/* Allow read access to binaries even when mode 111 */
	if (err == -EACCES && S_ISREG(inode->i_mode) &&
	     (((acc & NFSD_MAY_MASK) == NFSD_MAY_READ) &&
	      (acc & (NFSD_MAY_OWNER_OVERRIDE | NFSD_MAY_READ_IF_EXEC))))
		err = inode_permission(&nop_mnt_idmap, inode, MAY_EXEC);

	return err? nfserrno(err) : 0;
}

/**
 * nfsd_get_case_info - get case sensitivity info for a dentry
 * @dentry: dentry to query
 * @case_insensitive: set to true if name comparison ignores case
 * @case_preserving: set to true if case is preserved on disk
 *
 * On casefold-capable filesystems the flag lives on the directory,
 * not on its entries, so for a non-directory @dentry the parent is
 * queried instead. A directory (including an export root, whose
 * parent lies outside the export) is queried as-is so its own
 * contents' lookup behavior is reported. NFSD advertises
 * fattr4_homogeneous as FALSE, so per-directory answers may differ
 * within an export.
 *
 * The probe runs with kernel credentials. case_insensitive and
 * case_preserving describe the directory's structural lookup
 * behavior, not the caller's identity; running under the calling
 * client's mapped credentials would let per-client MAC policy on
 * the parent directory turn this query into NFS4ERR_ACCESS even
 * though the underlying property is the same for every client.
 *
 * When the filesystem does not expose case-folding state (no
 * ->fileattr_get, or the callback returns -EOPNOTSUPP /
 * -ENOIOCTLCMD / -ENOTTY / -EINVAL), the outputs are filled with
 * POSIX defaults (case-sensitive, case-preserving) on the premise
 * that a filesystem with case-folding support wires up
 * fileattr_get.
 *
 * Return: 0 with outputs filled, -EOPNOTSUPP with outputs filled
 *         to POSIX defaults, or a negative errno (e.g., -EIO,
 *         -ESTALE, -ENOMEM) with outputs unmodified.
 */
int
nfsd_get_case_info(struct dentry *dentry, bool *case_insensitive,
		   bool *case_preserving)
{
	struct file_kattr fa = {};
	const struct cred *saved;
	struct cred *probe;
	struct dentry *cd;
	bool put = false;
	int err;

	if (d_is_dir(dentry)) {
		cd = dentry;
	} else {
		cd = dget_parent(dentry);
		put = true;
	}

	probe = prepare_kernel_cred(&init_task);
	if (!probe) {
		err = -ENOMEM;
		goto out;
	}
	saved = override_creds(probe);

	err = vfs_fileattr_get(cd, &fa);

	put_cred(revert_creds(saved));
out:
	if (put)
		dput(cd);
	switch (err) {
	case 0:
		*case_insensitive = fa.fsx_xflags & FS_XFLAG_CASEFOLD;
		*case_preserving =
			!(fa.fsx_xflags & FS_XFLAG_CASENONPRESERVING);
		return 0;
	case -EINVAL:
	case -ENOTTY:
	case -ENOIOCTLCMD:
	case -EOPNOTSUPP:
		/*
		 * Filesystem does not expose case state.
		 * Report POSIX defaults.
		 */
		*case_insensitive = false;
		*case_preserving = true;
		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
	default:
		return err;
	}
}