xref: /linux/kernel/locking/mcs_spinlock.h (revision 4f9786035f9e519db41375818e1d0b5f20da2f10)
1 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
2 /*
3  * MCS lock defines
4  *
5  * This file contains the main data structure and API definitions of MCS lock.
6  *
7  * The MCS lock (proposed by Mellor-Crummey and Scott) is a simple spin-lock
8  * with the desirable properties of being fair, and with each cpu trying
9  * to acquire the lock spinning on a local variable.
10  * It avoids expensive cache bounces that common test-and-set spin-lock
11  * implementations incur.
12  */
13 #ifndef __LINUX_MCS_SPINLOCK_H
14 #define __LINUX_MCS_SPINLOCK_H
15 
16 #include <asm/mcs_spinlock.h>
17 
18 #ifndef arch_mcs_spin_lock_contended
19 /*
20  * Using smp_cond_load_acquire() provides the acquire semantics
21  * required so that subsequent operations happen after the
22  * lock is acquired. Additionally, some architectures such as
23  * ARM64 would like to do spin-waiting instead of purely
24  * spinning, and smp_cond_load_acquire() provides that behavior.
25  */
26 #define arch_mcs_spin_lock_contended(l)					\
27 	smp_cond_load_acquire(l, VAL)
28 #endif
29 
30 #ifndef arch_mcs_spin_unlock_contended
31 /*
32  * smp_store_release() provides a memory barrier to ensure all
33  * operations in the critical section has been completed before
34  * unlocking.
35  */
36 #define arch_mcs_spin_unlock_contended(l)				\
37 	smp_store_release((l), 1)
38 #endif
39 
40 /*
41  * Note: the smp_load_acquire/smp_store_release pair is not
42  * sufficient to form a full memory barrier across
43  * cpus for many architectures (except x86) for mcs_unlock and mcs_lock.
44  * For applications that need a full barrier across multiple cpus
45  * with mcs_unlock and mcs_lock pair, smp_mb__after_unlock_lock() should be
46  * used after mcs_lock.
47  */
48 
49 /*
50  * In order to acquire the lock, the caller should declare a local node and
51  * pass a reference of the node to this function in addition to the lock.
52  * If the lock has already been acquired, then this will proceed to spin
53  * on this node->locked until the previous lock holder sets the node->locked
54  * in mcs_spin_unlock().
55  */
56 static inline
57 void mcs_spin_lock(struct mcs_spinlock **lock, struct mcs_spinlock *node)
58 {
59 	struct mcs_spinlock *prev;
60 
61 	/* Init node */
62 	node->locked = 0;
63 	node->next   = NULL;
64 
65 	/*
66 	 * We rely on the full barrier with global transitivity implied by the
67 	 * below xchg() to order the initialization stores above against any
68 	 * observation of @node. And to provide the ACQUIRE ordering associated
69 	 * with a LOCK primitive.
70 	 */
71 	prev = xchg(lock, node);
72 	if (likely(prev == NULL)) {
73 		/*
74 		 * Lock acquired, don't need to set node->locked to 1. Threads
75 		 * only spin on its own node->locked value for lock acquisition.
76 		 * However, since this thread can immediately acquire the lock
77 		 * and does not proceed to spin on its own node->locked, this
78 		 * value won't be used. If a debug mode is needed to
79 		 * audit lock status, then set node->locked value here.
80 		 */
81 		return;
82 	}
83 	WRITE_ONCE(prev->next, node);
84 
85 	/* Wait until the lock holder passes the lock down. */
86 	arch_mcs_spin_lock_contended(&node->locked);
87 }
88 
89 /*
90  * Releases the lock. The caller should pass in the corresponding node that
91  * was used to acquire the lock.
92  */
93 static inline
94 void mcs_spin_unlock(struct mcs_spinlock **lock, struct mcs_spinlock *node)
95 {
96 	struct mcs_spinlock *next = READ_ONCE(node->next);
97 
98 	if (likely(!next)) {
99 		/*
100 		 * Release the lock by setting it to NULL
101 		 */
102 		if (likely(cmpxchg_release(lock, node, NULL) == node))
103 			return;
104 		/* Wait until the next pointer is set */
105 		while (!(next = READ_ONCE(node->next)))
106 			cpu_relax();
107 	}
108 
109 	/* Pass lock to next waiter. */
110 	arch_mcs_spin_unlock_contended(&next->locked);
111 }
112 
113 #endif /* __LINUX_MCS_SPINLOCK_H */
114