xref: /linux/drivers/hid/hidraw.c (revision 3a39d672e7f48b8d6b91a09afa4b55352773b4b5)
1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
2 /*
3  * HID raw devices, giving access to raw HID events.
4  *
5  * In comparison to hiddev, this device does not process the
6  * hid events at all (no parsing, no lookups). This lets applications
7  * to work on raw hid events as they want to, and avoids a need to
8  * use a transport-specific userspace libhid/libusb libraries.
9  *
10  *  Copyright (c) 2007-2014 Jiri Kosina
11  */
12 
13 
14 #define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt
15 
16 #include <linux/fs.h>
17 #include <linux/module.h>
18 #include <linux/errno.h>
19 #include <linux/kernel.h>
20 #include <linux/init.h>
21 #include <linux/cdev.h>
22 #include <linux/poll.h>
23 #include <linux/device.h>
24 #include <linux/major.h>
25 #include <linux/slab.h>
26 #include <linux/hid.h>
27 #include <linux/mutex.h>
28 #include <linux/sched/signal.h>
29 #include <linux/string.h>
30 
31 #include <linux/hidraw.h>
32 
33 static int hidraw_major;
34 static struct cdev hidraw_cdev;
35 static const struct class hidraw_class = {
36 	.name = "hidraw",
37 };
38 static struct hidraw *hidraw_table[HIDRAW_MAX_DEVICES];
39 static DECLARE_RWSEM(minors_rwsem);
40 
hidraw_is_revoked(struct hidraw_list * list)41 static inline bool hidraw_is_revoked(struct hidraw_list *list)
42 {
43 	return list->revoked;
44 }
45 
hidraw_read(struct file * file,char __user * buffer,size_t count,loff_t * ppos)46 static ssize_t hidraw_read(struct file *file, char __user *buffer, size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
47 {
48 	struct hidraw_list *list = file->private_data;
49 	int ret = 0, len;
50 	DECLARE_WAITQUEUE(wait, current);
51 
52 	if (hidraw_is_revoked(list))
53 		return -ENODEV;
54 
55 	mutex_lock(&list->read_mutex);
56 
57 	while (ret == 0) {
58 		if (list->head == list->tail) {
59 			add_wait_queue(&list->hidraw->wait, &wait);
60 			set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
61 
62 			while (list->head == list->tail) {
63 				if (signal_pending(current)) {
64 					ret = -ERESTARTSYS;
65 					break;
66 				}
67 				if (!list->hidraw->exist) {
68 					ret = -EIO;
69 					break;
70 				}
71 				if (file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK) {
72 					ret = -EAGAIN;
73 					break;
74 				}
75 
76 				/* allow O_NONBLOCK to work well from other threads */
77 				mutex_unlock(&list->read_mutex);
78 				schedule();
79 				mutex_lock(&list->read_mutex);
80 				set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
81 			}
82 
83 			set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);
84 			remove_wait_queue(&list->hidraw->wait, &wait);
85 		}
86 
87 		if (ret)
88 			goto out;
89 
90 		len = list->buffer[list->tail].len > count ?
91 			count : list->buffer[list->tail].len;
92 
93 		if (list->buffer[list->tail].value) {
94 			if (copy_to_user(buffer, list->buffer[list->tail].value, len)) {
95 				ret = -EFAULT;
96 				goto out;
97 			}
98 			ret = len;
99 		}
100 
101 		kfree(list->buffer[list->tail].value);
102 		list->buffer[list->tail].value = NULL;
103 		list->tail = (list->tail + 1) & (HIDRAW_BUFFER_SIZE - 1);
104 	}
105 out:
106 	mutex_unlock(&list->read_mutex);
107 	return ret;
108 }
109 
110 /*
111  * The first byte of the report buffer is expected to be a report number.
112  */
hidraw_send_report(struct file * file,const char __user * buffer,size_t count,unsigned char report_type)113 static ssize_t hidraw_send_report(struct file *file, const char __user *buffer, size_t count, unsigned char report_type)
114 {
115 	unsigned int minor = iminor(file_inode(file));
116 	struct hid_device *dev;
117 	__u8 *buf;
118 	int ret = 0;
119 
120 	lockdep_assert_held(&minors_rwsem);
121 
122 	if (!hidraw_table[minor] || !hidraw_table[minor]->exist) {
123 		ret = -ENODEV;
124 		goto out;
125 	}
126 
127 	dev = hidraw_table[minor]->hid;
128 
129 	if (count > HID_MAX_BUFFER_SIZE) {
130 		hid_warn(dev, "pid %d passed too large report\n",
131 			 task_pid_nr(current));
132 		ret = -EINVAL;
133 		goto out;
134 	}
135 
136 	if (count < 2) {
137 		hid_warn(dev, "pid %d passed too short report\n",
138 			 task_pid_nr(current));
139 		ret = -EINVAL;
140 		goto out;
141 	}
142 
143 	buf = memdup_user(buffer, count);
144 	if (IS_ERR(buf)) {
145 		ret = PTR_ERR(buf);
146 		goto out;
147 	}
148 
149 	if ((report_type == HID_OUTPUT_REPORT) &&
150 	    !(dev->quirks & HID_QUIRK_NO_OUTPUT_REPORTS_ON_INTR_EP)) {
151 		ret = __hid_hw_output_report(dev, buf, count, (u64)(long)file, false);
152 		/*
153 		 * compatibility with old implementation of USB-HID and I2C-HID:
154 		 * if the device does not support receiving output reports,
155 		 * on an interrupt endpoint, fallback to SET_REPORT HID command.
156 		 */
157 		if (ret != -ENOSYS)
158 			goto out_free;
159 	}
160 
161 	ret = __hid_hw_raw_request(dev, buf[0], buf, count, report_type,
162 				   HID_REQ_SET_REPORT, (u64)(long)file, false);
163 
164 out_free:
165 	kfree(buf);
166 out:
167 	return ret;
168 }
169 
hidraw_write(struct file * file,const char __user * buffer,size_t count,loff_t * ppos)170 static ssize_t hidraw_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buffer, size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
171 {
172 	struct hidraw_list *list = file->private_data;
173 	ssize_t ret;
174 	down_read(&minors_rwsem);
175 	if (hidraw_is_revoked(list))
176 		ret = -ENODEV;
177 	else
178 		ret = hidraw_send_report(file, buffer, count, HID_OUTPUT_REPORT);
179 	up_read(&minors_rwsem);
180 	return ret;
181 }
182 
183 
184 /*
185  * This function performs a Get_Report transfer over the control endpoint
186  * per section 7.2.1 of the HID specification, version 1.1.  The first byte
187  * of buffer is the report number to request, or 0x0 if the device does not
188  * use numbered reports. The report_type parameter can be HID_FEATURE_REPORT
189  * or HID_INPUT_REPORT.
190  */
hidraw_get_report(struct file * file,char __user * buffer,size_t count,unsigned char report_type)191 static ssize_t hidraw_get_report(struct file *file, char __user *buffer, size_t count, unsigned char report_type)
192 {
193 	unsigned int minor = iminor(file_inode(file));
194 	struct hid_device *dev;
195 	__u8 *buf;
196 	int ret = 0, len;
197 	unsigned char report_number;
198 
199 	lockdep_assert_held(&minors_rwsem);
200 
201 	if (!hidraw_table[minor] || !hidraw_table[minor]->exist) {
202 		ret = -ENODEV;
203 		goto out;
204 	}
205 
206 	dev = hidraw_table[minor]->hid;
207 
208 	if (!dev->ll_driver->raw_request) {
209 		ret = -ENODEV;
210 		goto out;
211 	}
212 
213 	if (count > HID_MAX_BUFFER_SIZE) {
214 		hid_warn(dev, "pid %d passed too large report\n",
215 			task_pid_nr(current));
216 		ret = -EINVAL;
217 		goto out;
218 	}
219 
220 	if (count < 2) {
221 		hid_warn(dev, "pid %d passed too short report\n",
222 			task_pid_nr(current));
223 		ret = -EINVAL;
224 		goto out;
225 	}
226 
227 	buf = kmalloc(count, GFP_KERNEL);
228 	if (!buf) {
229 		ret = -ENOMEM;
230 		goto out;
231 	}
232 
233 	/*
234 	 * Read the first byte from the user. This is the report number,
235 	 * which is passed to hid_hw_raw_request().
236 	 */
237 	if (copy_from_user(&report_number, buffer, 1)) {
238 		ret = -EFAULT;
239 		goto out_free;
240 	}
241 
242 	ret = __hid_hw_raw_request(dev, report_number, buf, count, report_type,
243 				   HID_REQ_GET_REPORT, (u64)(long)file, false);
244 
245 	if (ret < 0)
246 		goto out_free;
247 
248 	len = (ret < count) ? ret : count;
249 
250 	if (copy_to_user(buffer, buf, len)) {
251 		ret = -EFAULT;
252 		goto out_free;
253 	}
254 
255 	ret = len;
256 
257 out_free:
258 	kfree(buf);
259 out:
260 	return ret;
261 }
262 
hidraw_poll(struct file * file,poll_table * wait)263 static __poll_t hidraw_poll(struct file *file, poll_table *wait)
264 {
265 	struct hidraw_list *list = file->private_data;
266 	__poll_t mask = EPOLLOUT | EPOLLWRNORM; /* hidraw is always writable */
267 
268 	poll_wait(file, &list->hidraw->wait, wait);
269 	if (list->head != list->tail)
270 		mask |= EPOLLIN | EPOLLRDNORM;
271 	if (!list->hidraw->exist || hidraw_is_revoked(list))
272 		mask |= EPOLLERR | EPOLLHUP;
273 	return mask;
274 }
275 
hidraw_open(struct inode * inode,struct file * file)276 static int hidraw_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
277 {
278 	unsigned int minor = iminor(inode);
279 	struct hidraw *dev;
280 	struct hidraw_list *list;
281 	unsigned long flags;
282 	int err = 0;
283 
284 	if (!(list = kzalloc(sizeof(struct hidraw_list), GFP_KERNEL))) {
285 		err = -ENOMEM;
286 		goto out;
287 	}
288 
289 	/*
290 	 * Technically not writing to the hidraw_table but a write lock is
291 	 * required to protect the device refcount. This is symmetrical to
292 	 * hidraw_release().
293 	 */
294 	down_write(&minors_rwsem);
295 	if (!hidraw_table[minor] || !hidraw_table[minor]->exist) {
296 		err = -ENODEV;
297 		goto out_unlock;
298 	}
299 
300 	dev = hidraw_table[minor];
301 	if (!dev->open++) {
302 		err = hid_hw_power(dev->hid, PM_HINT_FULLON);
303 		if (err < 0) {
304 			dev->open--;
305 			goto out_unlock;
306 		}
307 
308 		err = hid_hw_open(dev->hid);
309 		if (err < 0) {
310 			hid_hw_power(dev->hid, PM_HINT_NORMAL);
311 			dev->open--;
312 			goto out_unlock;
313 		}
314 	}
315 
316 	list->hidraw = hidraw_table[minor];
317 	mutex_init(&list->read_mutex);
318 	spin_lock_irqsave(&hidraw_table[minor]->list_lock, flags);
319 	list_add_tail(&list->node, &hidraw_table[minor]->list);
320 	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&hidraw_table[minor]->list_lock, flags);
321 	file->private_data = list;
322 out_unlock:
323 	up_write(&minors_rwsem);
324 out:
325 	if (err < 0)
326 		kfree(list);
327 	return err;
328 
329 }
330 
hidraw_fasync(int fd,struct file * file,int on)331 static int hidraw_fasync(int fd, struct file *file, int on)
332 {
333 	struct hidraw_list *list = file->private_data;
334 
335 	if (hidraw_is_revoked(list))
336 		return -ENODEV;
337 
338 	return fasync_helper(fd, file, on, &list->fasync);
339 }
340 
drop_ref(struct hidraw * hidraw,int exists_bit)341 static void drop_ref(struct hidraw *hidraw, int exists_bit)
342 {
343 	if (exists_bit) {
344 		hidraw->exist = 0;
345 		if (hidraw->open) {
346 			hid_hw_close(hidraw->hid);
347 			wake_up_interruptible(&hidraw->wait);
348 		}
349 		device_destroy(&hidraw_class,
350 			       MKDEV(hidraw_major, hidraw->minor));
351 	} else {
352 		--hidraw->open;
353 	}
354 	if (!hidraw->open) {
355 		if (!hidraw->exist) {
356 			hidraw_table[hidraw->minor] = NULL;
357 			kfree(hidraw);
358 		} else {
359 			/* close device for last reader */
360 			hid_hw_close(hidraw->hid);
361 			hid_hw_power(hidraw->hid, PM_HINT_NORMAL);
362 		}
363 	}
364 }
365 
hidraw_release(struct inode * inode,struct file * file)366 static int hidraw_release(struct inode * inode, struct file * file)
367 {
368 	unsigned int minor = iminor(inode);
369 	struct hidraw_list *list = file->private_data;
370 	unsigned long flags;
371 
372 	down_write(&minors_rwsem);
373 
374 	spin_lock_irqsave(&hidraw_table[minor]->list_lock, flags);
375 	while (list->tail != list->head) {
376 		kfree(list->buffer[list->tail].value);
377 		list->buffer[list->tail].value = NULL;
378 		list->tail = (list->tail + 1) & (HIDRAW_BUFFER_SIZE - 1);
379 	}
380 	list_del(&list->node);
381 	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&hidraw_table[minor]->list_lock, flags);
382 	kfree(list);
383 
384 	drop_ref(hidraw_table[minor], 0);
385 
386 	up_write(&minors_rwsem);
387 	return 0;
388 }
389 
hidraw_revoke(struct hidraw_list * list)390 static int hidraw_revoke(struct hidraw_list *list)
391 {
392 	list->revoked = true;
393 
394 	return 0;
395 }
396 
hidraw_ioctl(struct file * file,unsigned int cmd,unsigned long arg)397 static long hidraw_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd,
398 							unsigned long arg)
399 {
400 	struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
401 	unsigned int minor = iminor(inode);
402 	long ret = 0;
403 	struct hidraw *dev;
404 	struct hidraw_list *list = file->private_data;
405 	void __user *user_arg = (void __user*) arg;
406 
407 	down_read(&minors_rwsem);
408 	dev = hidraw_table[minor];
409 	if (!dev || !dev->exist || hidraw_is_revoked(list)) {
410 		ret = -ENODEV;
411 		goto out;
412 	}
413 
414 	switch (cmd) {
415 		case HIDIOCGRDESCSIZE:
416 			if (put_user(dev->hid->rsize, (int __user *)arg))
417 				ret = -EFAULT;
418 			break;
419 
420 		case HIDIOCGRDESC:
421 			{
422 				__u32 len;
423 
424 				if (get_user(len, (int __user *)arg))
425 					ret = -EFAULT;
426 				else if (len > HID_MAX_DESCRIPTOR_SIZE - 1)
427 					ret = -EINVAL;
428 				else if (copy_to_user(user_arg + offsetof(
429 					struct hidraw_report_descriptor,
430 					value[0]),
431 					dev->hid->rdesc,
432 					min(dev->hid->rsize, len)))
433 					ret = -EFAULT;
434 				break;
435 			}
436 		case HIDIOCGRAWINFO:
437 			{
438 				struct hidraw_devinfo dinfo;
439 
440 				dinfo.bustype = dev->hid->bus;
441 				dinfo.vendor = dev->hid->vendor;
442 				dinfo.product = dev->hid->product;
443 				if (copy_to_user(user_arg, &dinfo, sizeof(dinfo)))
444 					ret = -EFAULT;
445 				break;
446 			}
447 		case HIDIOCREVOKE:
448 			{
449 				if (user_arg)
450 					ret = -EINVAL;
451 				else
452 					ret = hidraw_revoke(list);
453 				break;
454 			}
455 		default:
456 			{
457 				struct hid_device *hid = dev->hid;
458 				if (_IOC_TYPE(cmd) != 'H') {
459 					ret = -EINVAL;
460 					break;
461 				}
462 
463 				if (_IOC_NR(cmd) == _IOC_NR(HIDIOCSFEATURE(0))) {
464 					int len = _IOC_SIZE(cmd);
465 					ret = hidraw_send_report(file, user_arg, len, HID_FEATURE_REPORT);
466 					break;
467 				}
468 				if (_IOC_NR(cmd) == _IOC_NR(HIDIOCGFEATURE(0))) {
469 					int len = _IOC_SIZE(cmd);
470 					ret = hidraw_get_report(file, user_arg, len, HID_FEATURE_REPORT);
471 					break;
472 				}
473 
474 				if (_IOC_NR(cmd) == _IOC_NR(HIDIOCSINPUT(0))) {
475 					int len = _IOC_SIZE(cmd);
476 					ret = hidraw_send_report(file, user_arg, len, HID_INPUT_REPORT);
477 					break;
478 				}
479 				if (_IOC_NR(cmd) == _IOC_NR(HIDIOCGINPUT(0))) {
480 					int len = _IOC_SIZE(cmd);
481 					ret = hidraw_get_report(file, user_arg, len, HID_INPUT_REPORT);
482 					break;
483 				}
484 
485 				if (_IOC_NR(cmd) == _IOC_NR(HIDIOCSOUTPUT(0))) {
486 					int len = _IOC_SIZE(cmd);
487 					ret = hidraw_send_report(file, user_arg, len, HID_OUTPUT_REPORT);
488 					break;
489 				}
490 				if (_IOC_NR(cmd) == _IOC_NR(HIDIOCGOUTPUT(0))) {
491 					int len = _IOC_SIZE(cmd);
492 					ret = hidraw_get_report(file, user_arg, len, HID_OUTPUT_REPORT);
493 					break;
494 				}
495 
496 				/* Begin Read-only ioctls. */
497 				if (_IOC_DIR(cmd) != _IOC_READ) {
498 					ret = -EINVAL;
499 					break;
500 				}
501 
502 				if (_IOC_NR(cmd) == _IOC_NR(HIDIOCGRAWNAME(0))) {
503 					int len = strlen(hid->name) + 1;
504 					if (len > _IOC_SIZE(cmd))
505 						len = _IOC_SIZE(cmd);
506 					ret = copy_to_user(user_arg, hid->name, len) ?
507 						-EFAULT : len;
508 					break;
509 				}
510 
511 				if (_IOC_NR(cmd) == _IOC_NR(HIDIOCGRAWPHYS(0))) {
512 					int len = strlen(hid->phys) + 1;
513 					if (len > _IOC_SIZE(cmd))
514 						len = _IOC_SIZE(cmd);
515 					ret = copy_to_user(user_arg, hid->phys, len) ?
516 						-EFAULT : len;
517 					break;
518 				}
519 
520 				if (_IOC_NR(cmd) == _IOC_NR(HIDIOCGRAWUNIQ(0))) {
521 					int len = strlen(hid->uniq) + 1;
522 					if (len > _IOC_SIZE(cmd))
523 						len = _IOC_SIZE(cmd);
524 					ret = copy_to_user(user_arg, hid->uniq, len) ?
525 						-EFAULT : len;
526 					break;
527 				}
528 			}
529 
530 		ret = -ENOTTY;
531 	}
532 out:
533 	up_read(&minors_rwsem);
534 	return ret;
535 }
536 
537 static const struct file_operations hidraw_ops = {
538 	.owner =        THIS_MODULE,
539 	.read =         hidraw_read,
540 	.write =        hidraw_write,
541 	.poll =         hidraw_poll,
542 	.open =         hidraw_open,
543 	.release =      hidraw_release,
544 	.unlocked_ioctl = hidraw_ioctl,
545 	.fasync =	hidraw_fasync,
546 	.compat_ioctl   = compat_ptr_ioctl,
547 	.llseek =	noop_llseek,
548 };
549 
hidraw_report_event(struct hid_device * hid,u8 * data,int len)550 int hidraw_report_event(struct hid_device *hid, u8 *data, int len)
551 {
552 	struct hidraw *dev = hid->hidraw;
553 	struct hidraw_list *list;
554 	int ret = 0;
555 	unsigned long flags;
556 
557 	spin_lock_irqsave(&dev->list_lock, flags);
558 	list_for_each_entry(list, &dev->list, node) {
559 		int new_head = (list->head + 1) & (HIDRAW_BUFFER_SIZE - 1);
560 
561 		if (hidraw_is_revoked(list) || new_head == list->tail)
562 			continue;
563 
564 		if (!(list->buffer[list->head].value = kmemdup(data, len, GFP_ATOMIC))) {
565 			ret = -ENOMEM;
566 			break;
567 		}
568 		list->buffer[list->head].len = len;
569 		list->head = new_head;
570 		kill_fasync(&list->fasync, SIGIO, POLL_IN);
571 	}
572 	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dev->list_lock, flags);
573 
574 	wake_up_interruptible(&dev->wait);
575 	return ret;
576 }
577 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(hidraw_report_event);
578 
hidraw_connect(struct hid_device * hid)579 int hidraw_connect(struct hid_device *hid)
580 {
581 	int minor, result;
582 	struct hidraw *dev;
583 
584 	/* we accept any HID device, all applications */
585 
586 	dev = kzalloc(sizeof(struct hidraw), GFP_KERNEL);
587 	if (!dev)
588 		return -ENOMEM;
589 
590 	result = -EINVAL;
591 
592 	down_write(&minors_rwsem);
593 
594 	for (minor = 0; minor < HIDRAW_MAX_DEVICES; minor++) {
595 		if (hidraw_table[minor])
596 			continue;
597 		hidraw_table[minor] = dev;
598 		result = 0;
599 		break;
600 	}
601 
602 	if (result) {
603 		up_write(&minors_rwsem);
604 		kfree(dev);
605 		goto out;
606 	}
607 
608 	dev->dev = device_create(&hidraw_class, &hid->dev, MKDEV(hidraw_major, minor),
609 				 NULL, "%s%d", "hidraw", minor);
610 
611 	if (IS_ERR(dev->dev)) {
612 		hidraw_table[minor] = NULL;
613 		up_write(&minors_rwsem);
614 		result = PTR_ERR(dev->dev);
615 		kfree(dev);
616 		goto out;
617 	}
618 
619 	init_waitqueue_head(&dev->wait);
620 	spin_lock_init(&dev->list_lock);
621 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&dev->list);
622 
623 	dev->hid = hid;
624 	dev->minor = minor;
625 
626 	dev->exist = 1;
627 	hid->hidraw = dev;
628 
629 	up_write(&minors_rwsem);
630 out:
631 	return result;
632 
633 }
634 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(hidraw_connect);
635 
hidraw_disconnect(struct hid_device * hid)636 void hidraw_disconnect(struct hid_device *hid)
637 {
638 	struct hidraw *hidraw = hid->hidraw;
639 
640 	down_write(&minors_rwsem);
641 
642 	drop_ref(hidraw, 1);
643 
644 	up_write(&minors_rwsem);
645 }
646 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(hidraw_disconnect);
647 
hidraw_init(void)648 int __init hidraw_init(void)
649 {
650 	int result;
651 	dev_t dev_id;
652 
653 	result = alloc_chrdev_region(&dev_id, HIDRAW_FIRST_MINOR,
654 			HIDRAW_MAX_DEVICES, "hidraw");
655 	if (result < 0) {
656 		pr_warn("can't get major number\n");
657 		goto out;
658 	}
659 
660 	hidraw_major = MAJOR(dev_id);
661 
662 	result = class_register(&hidraw_class);
663 	if (result)
664 		goto error_cdev;
665 
666         cdev_init(&hidraw_cdev, &hidraw_ops);
667 	result = cdev_add(&hidraw_cdev, dev_id, HIDRAW_MAX_DEVICES);
668 	if (result < 0)
669 		goto error_class;
670 
671 	pr_info("raw HID events driver (C) Jiri Kosina\n");
672 out:
673 	return result;
674 
675 error_class:
676 	class_unregister(&hidraw_class);
677 error_cdev:
678 	unregister_chrdev_region(dev_id, HIDRAW_MAX_DEVICES);
679 	goto out;
680 }
681 
hidraw_exit(void)682 void hidraw_exit(void)
683 {
684 	dev_t dev_id = MKDEV(hidraw_major, 0);
685 
686 	cdev_del(&hidraw_cdev);
687 	class_unregister(&hidraw_class);
688 	unregister_chrdev_region(dev_id, HIDRAW_MAX_DEVICES);
689 
690 }
691