xref: /linux/lib/group_cpus.c (revision bf4afc53b77aeaa48b5409da5c8da6bb4eff7f43)

// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
/*
 * Copyright (C) 2016 Thomas Gleixner.
 * Copyright (C) 2016-2017 Christoph Hellwig.
 */
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/cpu.h>
#include <linux/sort.h>
#include <linux/group_cpus.h>

#ifdef CONFIG_SMP

static void grp_spread_init_one(struct cpumask *irqmsk, struct cpumask *nmsk,
				unsigned int cpus_per_grp)
{
	const struct cpumask *siblmsk;
	int cpu, sibl;

	for ( ; cpus_per_grp > 0; ) {
		cpu = cpumask_first(nmsk);

		/* Should not happen, but I'm too lazy to think about it */
		if (cpu >= nr_cpu_ids)
			return;

		cpumask_clear_cpu(cpu, nmsk);
		cpumask_set_cpu(cpu, irqmsk);
		cpus_per_grp--;

		/* If the cpu has siblings, use them first */
		siblmsk = topology_sibling_cpumask(cpu);
		for (sibl = -1; cpus_per_grp > 0; ) {
			sibl = cpumask_next(sibl, siblmsk);
			if (sibl >= nr_cpu_ids)
				break;
			if (!cpumask_test_and_clear_cpu(sibl, nmsk))
				continue;
			cpumask_set_cpu(sibl, irqmsk);
			cpus_per_grp--;
		}
	}
}

static cpumask_var_t *alloc_node_to_cpumask(void)
{
	cpumask_var_t *masks;
	int node;

	masks = kzalloc_objs(cpumask_var_t, nr_node_ids);
	if (!masks)
		return NULL;

	for (node = 0; node < nr_node_ids; node++) {
		if (!zalloc_cpumask_var(&masks[node], GFP_KERNEL))
			goto out_unwind;
	}

	return masks;

out_unwind:
	while (--node >= 0)
		free_cpumask_var(masks[node]);
	kfree(masks);
	return NULL;
}

static void free_node_to_cpumask(cpumask_var_t *masks)
{
	int node;

	for (node = 0; node < nr_node_ids; node++)
		free_cpumask_var(masks[node]);
	kfree(masks);
}

static void build_node_to_cpumask(cpumask_var_t *masks)
{
	int cpu;

	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
		cpumask_set_cpu(cpu, masks[cpu_to_node(cpu)]);
}

static int get_nodes_in_cpumask(cpumask_var_t *node_to_cpumask,
				const struct cpumask *mask, nodemask_t *nodemsk)
{
	int n, nodes = 0;

	/* Calculate the number of nodes in the supplied affinity mask */
	for_each_node(n) {
		if (cpumask_intersects(mask, node_to_cpumask[n])) {
			node_set(n, *nodemsk);
			nodes++;
		}
	}
	return nodes;
}

struct node_groups {
	unsigned id;

	union {
		unsigned ngroups;
		unsigned ncpus;
	};
};

static int ncpus_cmp_func(const void *l, const void *r)
{
	const struct node_groups *ln = l;
	const struct node_groups *rn = r;

	return ln->ncpus - rn->ncpus;
}

static void alloc_groups_to_nodes(unsigned int numgrps,
				  unsigned int numcpus,
				  struct node_groups *node_groups,
				  unsigned int num_nodes)
{
	unsigned int n, remaining_ncpus = numcpus;
	unsigned int  ngroups, ncpus;

	sort(node_groups, num_nodes, sizeof(node_groups[0]),
	     ncpus_cmp_func, NULL);

	/*
	 * Allocate groups for each node according to the ratio of this
	 * node's nr_cpus to remaining un-assigned ncpus. 'numgrps' is
	 * bigger than number of active numa nodes. Always start the
	 * allocation from the node with minimized nr_cpus.
	 *
	 * This way guarantees that each active node gets allocated at
	 * least one group, and the theory is simple: over-allocation
	 * is only done when this node is assigned by one group, so
	 * other nodes will be allocated >= 1 groups, since 'numgrps' is
	 * bigger than number of numa nodes.
	 *
	 * One perfect invariant is that number of allocated groups for
	 * each node is <= CPU count of this node:
	 *
	 * 1) suppose there are two nodes: A and B
	 * 	ncpu(X) is CPU count of node X
	 * 	grps(X) is the group count allocated to node X via this
	 * 	algorithm
	 *
	 * 	ncpu(A) <= ncpu(B)
	 * 	ncpu(A) + ncpu(B) = N
	 * 	grps(A) + grps(B) = G
	 *
	 * 	grps(A) = max(1, round_down(G * ncpu(A) / N))
	 * 	grps(B) = G - grps(A)
	 *
	 * 	both N and G are integer, and 2 <= G <= N, suppose
	 * 	G = N - delta, and 0 <= delta <= N - 2
	 *
	 * 2) obviously grps(A) <= ncpu(A) because:
	 *
	 * 	if grps(A) is 1, then grps(A) <= ncpu(A) given
	 * 	ncpu(A) >= 1
	 *
	 * 	otherwise,
	 * 		grps(A) <= G * ncpu(A) / N <= ncpu(A), given G <= N
	 *
	 * 3) prove how grps(B) <= ncpu(B):
	 *
	 * 	if round_down(G * ncpu(A) / N) == 0, vecs(B) won't be
	 * 	over-allocated, so grps(B) <= ncpu(B),
	 *
	 * 	otherwise:
	 *
	 * 	grps(A) =
	 * 		round_down(G * ncpu(A) / N) =
	 * 		round_down((N - delta) * ncpu(A) / N) =
	 * 		round_down((N * ncpu(A) - delta * ncpu(A)) / N)	 >=
	 * 		round_down((N * ncpu(A) - delta * N) / N)	 =
	 * 		cpu(A) - delta
	 *
	 * 	then:
	 *
	 * 	grps(A) - G >= ncpu(A) - delta - G
	 * 	=>
	 * 	G - grps(A) <= G + delta - ncpu(A)
	 * 	=>
	 * 	grps(B) <= N - ncpu(A)
	 * 	=>
	 * 	grps(B) <= cpu(B)
	 *
	 * For nodes >= 3, it can be thought as one node and another big
	 * node given that is exactly what this algorithm is implemented,
	 * and we always re-calculate 'remaining_ncpus' & 'numgrps', and
	 * finally for each node X: grps(X) <= ncpu(X).
	 *
	 */

	for (n = 0; n < num_nodes; n++) {
		if (node_groups[n].ncpus == UINT_MAX)
			continue;

		WARN_ON_ONCE(numgrps == 0);

		ncpus = node_groups[n].ncpus;
		ngroups = max_t(unsigned, 1,
				 numgrps * ncpus / remaining_ncpus);
		WARN_ON_ONCE(ngroups > ncpus);

		node_groups[n].ngroups = ngroups;

		remaining_ncpus -= ncpus;
		numgrps -= ngroups;
	}
}

/*
 * Allocate group number for each node, so that for each node:
 *
 * 1) the allocated number is >= 1
 *
 * 2) the allocated number is <= active CPU number of this node
 *
 * The actual allocated total groups may be less than @numgrps when
 * active total CPU number is less than @numgrps.
 *
 * Active CPUs means the CPUs in '@cpu_mask AND @node_to_cpumask[]'
 * for each node.
 */
static void alloc_nodes_groups(unsigned int numgrps,
			       cpumask_var_t *node_to_cpumask,
			       const struct cpumask *cpu_mask,
			       const nodemask_t nodemsk,
			       struct cpumask *nmsk,
			       struct node_groups *node_groups)
{
	unsigned int n, numcpus = 0;

	for (n = 0; n < nr_node_ids; n++) {
		node_groups[n].id = n;
		node_groups[n].ncpus = UINT_MAX;
	}

	for_each_node_mask(n, nodemsk) {
		unsigned int ncpus;

		cpumask_and(nmsk, cpu_mask, node_to_cpumask[n]);
		ncpus = cpumask_weight(nmsk);

		if (!ncpus)
			continue;
		numcpus += ncpus;
		node_groups[n].ncpus = ncpus;
	}

	numgrps = min_t(unsigned int, numcpus, numgrps);
	alloc_groups_to_nodes(numgrps, numcpus, node_groups, nr_node_ids);
}

static void assign_cpus_to_groups(unsigned int ncpus,
				  struct cpumask *nmsk,
				  struct node_groups *nv,
				  struct cpumask *masks,
				  unsigned int *curgrp,
				  unsigned int last_grp)
{
	unsigned int v, cpus_per_grp, extra_grps;
	/* Account for rounding errors */
	extra_grps = ncpus - nv->ngroups * (ncpus / nv->ngroups);

	/* Spread allocated groups on CPUs of the current node */
	for (v = 0; v < nv->ngroups; v++, *curgrp += 1) {
		cpus_per_grp = ncpus / nv->ngroups;

		/* Account for extra groups to compensate rounding errors */
		if (extra_grps) {
			cpus_per_grp++;
			--extra_grps;
		}

		/*
		 * wrapping has to be considered given 'startgrp'
		 * may start anywhere
		 */
		if (*curgrp >= last_grp)
			*curgrp = 0;
		grp_spread_init_one(&masks[*curgrp], nmsk, cpus_per_grp);
	}
}

static int alloc_cluster_groups(unsigned int ncpus,
				unsigned int ngroups,
				struct cpumask *node_cpumask,
				cpumask_var_t msk,
				const struct cpumask ***clusters_ptr,
				struct node_groups **cluster_groups_ptr)
{
	unsigned int ncluster = 0;
	unsigned int cpu, nc, n;
	const struct cpumask *cluster_mask;
	const struct cpumask **clusters;
	struct node_groups *cluster_groups;

	cpumask_copy(msk, node_cpumask);

	/* Probe how many clusters in this node. */
	while (1) {
		cpu = cpumask_first(msk);
		if (cpu >= nr_cpu_ids)
			break;

		cluster_mask = topology_cluster_cpumask(cpu);
		if (!cpumask_weight(cluster_mask))
			goto no_cluster;
		/* Clean out CPUs on the same cluster. */
		cpumask_andnot(msk, msk, cluster_mask);
		ncluster++;
	}

	/* If ngroups < ncluster, cross cluster is inevitable, skip. */
	if (ncluster == 0 || ncluster > ngroups)
		goto no_cluster;

	/* Allocate memory based on cluster number. */
	clusters = kzalloc_objs(*clusters, ncluster);
	if (!clusters)
		goto no_cluster;
	cluster_groups = kzalloc_objs(struct node_groups, ncluster);
	if (!cluster_groups)
		goto fail_cluster_groups;

	/* Filling cluster info for later process. */
	cpumask_copy(msk, node_cpumask);
	for (n = 0; n < ncluster; n++) {
		cpu = cpumask_first(msk);
		cluster_mask = topology_cluster_cpumask(cpu);
		nc = cpumask_weight_and(cluster_mask, node_cpumask);
		clusters[n] = cluster_mask;
		cluster_groups[n].id = n;
		cluster_groups[n].ncpus = nc;
		cpumask_andnot(msk, msk, cluster_mask);
	}

	alloc_groups_to_nodes(ngroups, ncpus, cluster_groups, ncluster);

	*clusters_ptr = clusters;
	*cluster_groups_ptr = cluster_groups;
	return ncluster;

 fail_cluster_groups:
	kfree(clusters);
 no_cluster:
	return 0;
}

/*
 * Try group CPUs evenly for cluster locality within a NUMA node.
 *
 * Return: true if success, false otherwise.
 */
static bool __try_group_cluster_cpus(unsigned int ncpus,
				     unsigned int ngroups,
				     struct cpumask *node_cpumask,
				     struct cpumask *masks,
				     unsigned int *curgrp,
				     unsigned int last_grp)
{
	struct node_groups *cluster_groups;
	const struct cpumask **clusters;
	unsigned int ncluster;
	bool ret = false;
	cpumask_var_t nmsk;
	unsigned int i, nc;

	if (!zalloc_cpumask_var(&nmsk, GFP_KERNEL))
		goto fail_nmsk_alloc;

	ncluster = alloc_cluster_groups(ncpus, ngroups, node_cpumask, nmsk,
					&clusters, &cluster_groups);

	if (ncluster == 0)
		goto fail_no_clusters;

	for (i = 0; i < ncluster; i++) {
		struct node_groups *nv = &cluster_groups[i];

		/* Get the cpus on this cluster. */
		cpumask_and(nmsk, node_cpumask, clusters[nv->id]);
		nc = cpumask_weight(nmsk);
		if (!nc)
			continue;
		WARN_ON_ONCE(nv->ngroups > nc);

		assign_cpus_to_groups(nc, nmsk, nv, masks, curgrp, last_grp);
	}

	ret = true;
	kfree(cluster_groups);
	kfree(clusters);
 fail_no_clusters:
	free_cpumask_var(nmsk);
 fail_nmsk_alloc:
	return ret;
}

static int __group_cpus_evenly(unsigned int startgrp, unsigned int numgrps,
			       cpumask_var_t *node_to_cpumask,
			       const struct cpumask *cpu_mask,
			       struct cpumask *nmsk, struct cpumask *masks)
{
	unsigned int i, n, nodes, done = 0;
	unsigned int last_grp = numgrps;
	unsigned int curgrp = startgrp;
	nodemask_t nodemsk = NODE_MASK_NONE;
	struct node_groups *node_groups;

	if (cpumask_empty(cpu_mask))
		return 0;

	nodes = get_nodes_in_cpumask(node_to_cpumask, cpu_mask, &nodemsk);

	/*
	 * If the number of nodes in the mask is greater than or equal the
	 * number of groups we just spread the groups across the nodes.
	 */
	if (numgrps <= nodes) {
		for_each_node_mask(n, nodemsk) {
			/* Ensure that only CPUs which are in both masks are set */
			cpumask_and(nmsk, cpu_mask, node_to_cpumask[n]);
			cpumask_or(&masks[curgrp], &masks[curgrp], nmsk);
			if (++curgrp == last_grp)
				curgrp = 0;
		}
		return numgrps;
	}

	node_groups = kzalloc_objs(struct node_groups, nr_node_ids);
	if (!node_groups)
		return -ENOMEM;

	/* allocate group number for each node */
	alloc_nodes_groups(numgrps, node_to_cpumask, cpu_mask,
			   nodemsk, nmsk, node_groups);
	for (i = 0; i < nr_node_ids; i++) {
		unsigned int ncpus;
		struct node_groups *nv = &node_groups[i];

		if (nv->ngroups == UINT_MAX)
			continue;

		/* Get the cpus on this node which are in the mask */
		cpumask_and(nmsk, cpu_mask, node_to_cpumask[nv->id]);
		ncpus = cpumask_weight(nmsk);
		if (!ncpus)
			continue;

		WARN_ON_ONCE(nv->ngroups > ncpus);

		if (__try_group_cluster_cpus(ncpus, nv->ngroups, nmsk,
					     masks, &curgrp, last_grp)) {
			done += nv->ngroups;
			continue;
		}

		assign_cpus_to_groups(ncpus, nmsk, nv, masks, &curgrp,
				      last_grp);
		done += nv->ngroups;
	}
	kfree(node_groups);
	return done;
}

/**
 * group_cpus_evenly - Group all CPUs evenly per NUMA/CPU locality
 * @numgrps: number of groups
 * @nummasks: number of initialized cpumasks
 *
 * Return: cpumask array if successful, NULL otherwise. And each element
 * includes CPUs assigned to this group. nummasks contains the number
 * of initialized masks which can be less than numgrps.
 *
 * Try to put close CPUs from viewpoint of CPU and NUMA locality into
 * same group, and run two-stage grouping:
 *	1) allocate present CPUs on these groups evenly first
 *	2) allocate other possible CPUs on these groups evenly
 *
 * We guarantee in the resulted grouping that all CPUs are covered, and
 * no same CPU is assigned to multiple groups
 */
struct cpumask *group_cpus_evenly(unsigned int numgrps, unsigned int *nummasks)
{
	unsigned int curgrp = 0, nr_present = 0, nr_others = 0;
	cpumask_var_t *node_to_cpumask;
	cpumask_var_t nmsk, npresmsk;
	int ret = -ENOMEM;
	struct cpumask *masks = NULL;

	if (numgrps == 0)
		return NULL;

	if (!zalloc_cpumask_var(&nmsk, GFP_KERNEL))
		return NULL;

	if (!zalloc_cpumask_var(&npresmsk, GFP_KERNEL))
		goto fail_nmsk;

	node_to_cpumask = alloc_node_to_cpumask();
	if (!node_to_cpumask)
		goto fail_npresmsk;

	masks = kzalloc_objs(*masks, numgrps);
	if (!masks)
		goto fail_node_to_cpumask;

	build_node_to_cpumask(node_to_cpumask);

	/*
	 * Make a local cache of 'cpu_present_mask', so the two stages
	 * spread can observe consistent 'cpu_present_mask' without holding
	 * cpu hotplug lock, then we can reduce deadlock risk with cpu
	 * hotplug code.
	 *
	 * Here CPU hotplug may happen when reading `cpu_present_mask`, and
	 * we can live with the case because it only affects that hotplug
	 * CPU is handled in the 1st or 2nd stage, and either way is correct
	 * from API user viewpoint since 2-stage spread is sort of
	 * optimization.
	 */
	cpumask_copy(npresmsk, data_race(cpu_present_mask));

	/* grouping present CPUs first */
	ret = __group_cpus_evenly(curgrp, numgrps, node_to_cpumask,
				  npresmsk, nmsk, masks);
	if (ret < 0)
		goto fail_node_to_cpumask;
	nr_present = ret;

	/*
	 * Allocate non present CPUs starting from the next group to be
	 * handled. If the grouping of present CPUs already exhausted the
	 * group space, assign the non present CPUs to the already
	 * allocated out groups.
	 */
	if (nr_present >= numgrps)
		curgrp = 0;
	else
		curgrp = nr_present;
	cpumask_andnot(npresmsk, cpu_possible_mask, npresmsk);
	ret = __group_cpus_evenly(curgrp, numgrps, node_to_cpumask,
				  npresmsk, nmsk, masks);
	if (ret >= 0)
		nr_others = ret;

 fail_node_to_cpumask:
	free_node_to_cpumask(node_to_cpumask);

 fail_npresmsk:
	free_cpumask_var(npresmsk);

 fail_nmsk:
	free_cpumask_var(nmsk);
	if (ret < 0) {
		kfree(masks);
		return NULL;
	}
	*nummasks = min(nr_present + nr_others, numgrps);
	return masks;
}
#else /* CONFIG_SMP */
struct cpumask *group_cpus_evenly(unsigned int numgrps, unsigned int *nummasks)
{
	struct cpumask *masks;

	if (numgrps == 0)
		return NULL;

	masks = kzalloc_objs(*masks, numgrps);
	if (!masks)
		return NULL;

	/* assign all CPUs(cpu 0) to the 1st group only */
	cpumask_copy(&masks[0], cpu_possible_mask);
	*nummasks = 1;
	return masks;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_SMP */
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(group_cpus_evenly);