xref: /linux/init/main.c (revision a430d95c5efa2b545d26a094eb5f624e36732af0)
1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
2 /*
3  *  linux/init/main.c
4  *
5  *  Copyright (C) 1991, 1992  Linus Torvalds
6  *
7  *  GK 2/5/95  -  Changed to support mounting root fs via NFS
8  *  Added initrd & change_root: Werner Almesberger & Hans Lermen, Feb '96
9  *  Moan early if gcc is old, avoiding bogus kernels - Paul Gortmaker, May '96
10  *  Simplified starting of init:  Michael A. Griffith <grif@acm.org>
11  */
12 
13 #define DEBUG		/* Enable initcall_debug */
14 
15 #include <linux/types.h>
16 #include <linux/extable.h>
17 #include <linux/module.h>
18 #include <linux/proc_fs.h>
19 #include <linux/binfmts.h>
20 #include <linux/kernel.h>
21 #include <linux/syscalls.h>
22 #include <linux/stackprotector.h>
23 #include <linux/string.h>
24 #include <linux/ctype.h>
25 #include <linux/delay.h>
26 #include <linux/ioport.h>
27 #include <linux/init.h>
28 #include <linux/initrd.h>
29 #include <linux/memblock.h>
30 #include <linux/acpi.h>
31 #include <linux/bootconfig.h>
32 #include <linux/console.h>
33 #include <linux/nmi.h>
34 #include <linux/percpu.h>
35 #include <linux/kmod.h>
36 #include <linux/kprobes.h>
37 #include <linux/kmsan.h>
38 #include <linux/vmalloc.h>
39 #include <linux/kernel_stat.h>
40 #include <linux/start_kernel.h>
41 #include <linux/security.h>
42 #include <linux/smp.h>
43 #include <linux/profile.h>
44 #include <linux/kfence.h>
45 #include <linux/rcupdate.h>
46 #include <linux/srcu.h>
47 #include <linux/moduleparam.h>
48 #include <linux/kallsyms.h>
49 #include <linux/buildid.h>
50 #include <linux/writeback.h>
51 #include <linux/cpu.h>
52 #include <linux/cpuset.h>
53 #include <linux/cgroup.h>
54 #include <linux/efi.h>
55 #include <linux/tick.h>
56 #include <linux/sched/isolation.h>
57 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
58 #include <linux/taskstats_kern.h>
59 #include <linux/delayacct.h>
60 #include <linux/unistd.h>
61 #include <linux/utsname.h>
62 #include <linux/rmap.h>
63 #include <linux/mempolicy.h>
64 #include <linux/key.h>
65 #include <linux/debug_locks.h>
66 #include <linux/debugobjects.h>
67 #include <linux/lockdep.h>
68 #include <linux/kmemleak.h>
69 #include <linux/padata.h>
70 #include <linux/pid_namespace.h>
71 #include <linux/device/driver.h>
72 #include <linux/kthread.h>
73 #include <linux/sched.h>
74 #include <linux/sched/init.h>
75 #include <linux/signal.h>
76 #include <linux/idr.h>
77 #include <linux/kgdb.h>
78 #include <linux/ftrace.h>
79 #include <linux/async.h>
80 #include <linux/shmem_fs.h>
81 #include <linux/slab.h>
82 #include <linux/perf_event.h>
83 #include <linux/ptrace.h>
84 #include <linux/pti.h>
85 #include <linux/blkdev.h>
86 #include <linux/sched/clock.h>
87 #include <linux/sched/task.h>
88 #include <linux/sched/task_stack.h>
89 #include <linux/context_tracking.h>
90 #include <linux/random.h>
91 #include <linux/moduleloader.h>
92 #include <linux/list.h>
93 #include <linux/integrity.h>
94 #include <linux/proc_ns.h>
95 #include <linux/io.h>
96 #include <linux/cache.h>
97 #include <linux/rodata_test.h>
98 #include <linux/jump_label.h>
99 #include <linux/kcsan.h>
100 #include <linux/init_syscalls.h>
101 #include <linux/stackdepot.h>
102 #include <linux/randomize_kstack.h>
103 #include <linux/pidfs.h>
104 #include <linux/ptdump.h>
105 #include <net/net_namespace.h>
106 
107 #include <asm/io.h>
108 #include <asm/setup.h>
109 #include <asm/sections.h>
110 #include <asm/cacheflush.h>
111 
112 #define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
113 #include <trace/events/initcall.h>
114 
115 #include <kunit/test.h>
116 
117 static int kernel_init(void *);
118 
119 /*
120  * Debug helper: via this flag we know that we are in 'early bootup code'
121  * where only the boot processor is running with IRQ disabled.  This means
122  * two things - IRQ must not be enabled before the flag is cleared and some
123  * operations which are not allowed with IRQ disabled are allowed while the
124  * flag is set.
125  */
126 bool early_boot_irqs_disabled __read_mostly;
127 
128 enum system_states system_state __read_mostly;
129 EXPORT_SYMBOL(system_state);
130 
131 /*
132  * Boot command-line arguments
133  */
134 #define MAX_INIT_ARGS CONFIG_INIT_ENV_ARG_LIMIT
135 #define MAX_INIT_ENVS CONFIG_INIT_ENV_ARG_LIMIT
136 
137 /* Default late time init is NULL. archs can override this later. */
138 void (*__initdata late_time_init)(void);
139 
140 /* Untouched command line saved by arch-specific code. */
141 char __initdata boot_command_line[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE];
142 /* Untouched saved command line (eg. for /proc) */
143 char *saved_command_line __ro_after_init;
144 unsigned int saved_command_line_len __ro_after_init;
145 /* Command line for parameter parsing */
146 static char *static_command_line;
147 /* Untouched extra command line */
148 static char *extra_command_line;
149 /* Extra init arguments */
150 static char *extra_init_args;
151 
152 #ifdef CONFIG_BOOT_CONFIG
153 /* Is bootconfig on command line? */
154 static bool bootconfig_found;
155 static size_t initargs_offs;
156 #else
157 # define bootconfig_found false
158 # define initargs_offs 0
159 #endif
160 
161 static char *execute_command;
162 static char *ramdisk_execute_command = "/init";
163 
164 /*
165  * Used to generate warnings if static_key manipulation functions are used
166  * before jump_label_init is called.
167  */
168 bool static_key_initialized __read_mostly;
169 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(static_key_initialized);
170 
171 /*
172  * If set, this is an indication to the drivers that reset the underlying
173  * device before going ahead with the initialization otherwise driver might
174  * rely on the BIOS and skip the reset operation.
175  *
176  * This is useful if kernel is booting in an unreliable environment.
177  * For ex. kdump situation where previous kernel has crashed, BIOS has been
178  * skipped and devices will be in unknown state.
179  */
180 unsigned int reset_devices;
181 EXPORT_SYMBOL(reset_devices);
182 
set_reset_devices(char * str)183 static int __init set_reset_devices(char *str)
184 {
185 	reset_devices = 1;
186 	return 1;
187 }
188 
189 __setup("reset_devices", set_reset_devices);
190 
191 static const char *argv_init[MAX_INIT_ARGS+2] = { "init", NULL, };
192 const char *envp_init[MAX_INIT_ENVS+2] = { "HOME=/", "TERM=linux", NULL, };
193 static const char *panic_later, *panic_param;
194 
obsolete_checksetup(char * line)195 static bool __init obsolete_checksetup(char *line)
196 {
197 	const struct obs_kernel_param *p;
198 	bool had_early_param = false;
199 
200 	p = __setup_start;
201 	do {
202 		int n = strlen(p->str);
203 		if (parameqn(line, p->str, n)) {
204 			if (p->early) {
205 				/* Already done in parse_early_param?
206 				 * (Needs exact match on param part).
207 				 * Keep iterating, as we can have early
208 				 * params and __setups of same names 8( */
209 				if (line[n] == '\0' || line[n] == '=')
210 					had_early_param = true;
211 			} else if (!p->setup_func) {
212 				pr_warn("Parameter %s is obsolete, ignored\n",
213 					p->str);
214 				return true;
215 			} else if (p->setup_func(line + n))
216 				return true;
217 		}
218 		p++;
219 	} while (p < __setup_end);
220 
221 	return had_early_param;
222 }
223 
224 /*
225  * This should be approx 2 Bo*oMips to start (note initial shift), and will
226  * still work even if initially too large, it will just take slightly longer
227  */
228 unsigned long loops_per_jiffy = (1<<12);
229 EXPORT_SYMBOL(loops_per_jiffy);
230 
debug_kernel(char * str)231 static int __init debug_kernel(char *str)
232 {
233 	console_loglevel = CONSOLE_LOGLEVEL_DEBUG;
234 	return 0;
235 }
236 
quiet_kernel(char * str)237 static int __init quiet_kernel(char *str)
238 {
239 	console_loglevel = CONSOLE_LOGLEVEL_QUIET;
240 	return 0;
241 }
242 
243 early_param("debug", debug_kernel);
244 early_param("quiet", quiet_kernel);
245 
loglevel(char * str)246 static int __init loglevel(char *str)
247 {
248 	int newlevel;
249 
250 	/*
251 	 * Only update loglevel value when a correct setting was passed,
252 	 * to prevent blind crashes (when loglevel being set to 0) that
253 	 * are quite hard to debug
254 	 */
255 	if (get_option(&str, &newlevel)) {
256 		console_loglevel = newlevel;
257 		return 0;
258 	}
259 
260 	return -EINVAL;
261 }
262 
263 early_param("loglevel", loglevel);
264 
265 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
get_boot_config_from_initrd(size_t * _size)266 static void * __init get_boot_config_from_initrd(size_t *_size)
267 {
268 	u32 size, csum;
269 	char *data;
270 	u32 *hdr;
271 	int i;
272 
273 	if (!initrd_end)
274 		return NULL;
275 
276 	data = (char *)initrd_end - BOOTCONFIG_MAGIC_LEN;
277 	/*
278 	 * Since Grub may align the size of initrd to 4, we must
279 	 * check the preceding 3 bytes as well.
280 	 */
281 	for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
282 		if (!memcmp(data, BOOTCONFIG_MAGIC, BOOTCONFIG_MAGIC_LEN))
283 			goto found;
284 		data--;
285 	}
286 	return NULL;
287 
288 found:
289 	hdr = (u32 *)(data - 8);
290 	size = le32_to_cpu(hdr[0]);
291 	csum = le32_to_cpu(hdr[1]);
292 
293 	data = ((void *)hdr) - size;
294 	if ((unsigned long)data < initrd_start) {
295 		pr_err("bootconfig size %d is greater than initrd size %ld\n",
296 			size, initrd_end - initrd_start);
297 		return NULL;
298 	}
299 
300 	if (xbc_calc_checksum(data, size) != csum) {
301 		pr_err("bootconfig checksum failed\n");
302 		return NULL;
303 	}
304 
305 	/* Remove bootconfig from initramfs/initrd */
306 	initrd_end = (unsigned long)data;
307 	if (_size)
308 		*_size = size;
309 
310 	return data;
311 }
312 #else
get_boot_config_from_initrd(size_t * _size)313 static void * __init get_boot_config_from_initrd(size_t *_size)
314 {
315 	return NULL;
316 }
317 #endif
318 
319 #ifdef CONFIG_BOOT_CONFIG
320 
321 static char xbc_namebuf[XBC_KEYLEN_MAX] __initdata;
322 
323 #define rest(dst, end) ((end) > (dst) ? (end) - (dst) : 0)
324 
xbc_snprint_cmdline(char * buf,size_t size,struct xbc_node * root)325 static int __init xbc_snprint_cmdline(char *buf, size_t size,
326 				      struct xbc_node *root)
327 {
328 	struct xbc_node *knode, *vnode;
329 	char *end = buf + size;
330 	const char *val, *q;
331 	int ret;
332 
333 	xbc_node_for_each_key_value(root, knode, val) {
334 		ret = xbc_node_compose_key_after(root, knode,
335 					xbc_namebuf, XBC_KEYLEN_MAX);
336 		if (ret < 0)
337 			return ret;
338 
339 		vnode = xbc_node_get_child(knode);
340 		if (!vnode) {
341 			ret = snprintf(buf, rest(buf, end), "%s ", xbc_namebuf);
342 			if (ret < 0)
343 				return ret;
344 			buf += ret;
345 			continue;
346 		}
347 		xbc_array_for_each_value(vnode, val) {
348 			/*
349 			 * For prettier and more readable /proc/cmdline, only
350 			 * quote the value when necessary, i.e. when it contains
351 			 * whitespace.
352 			 */
353 			q = strpbrk(val, " \t\r\n") ? "\"" : "";
354 			ret = snprintf(buf, rest(buf, end), "%s=%s%s%s ",
355 				       xbc_namebuf, q, val, q);
356 			if (ret < 0)
357 				return ret;
358 			buf += ret;
359 		}
360 	}
361 
362 	return buf - (end - size);
363 }
364 #undef rest
365 
366 /* Make an extra command line under given key word */
xbc_make_cmdline(const char * key)367 static char * __init xbc_make_cmdline(const char *key)
368 {
369 	struct xbc_node *root;
370 	char *new_cmdline;
371 	int ret, len = 0;
372 
373 	root = xbc_find_node(key);
374 	if (!root)
375 		return NULL;
376 
377 	/* Count required buffer size */
378 	len = xbc_snprint_cmdline(NULL, 0, root);
379 	if (len <= 0)
380 		return NULL;
381 
382 	new_cmdline = memblock_alloc(len + 1, SMP_CACHE_BYTES);
383 	if (!new_cmdline) {
384 		pr_err("Failed to allocate memory for extra kernel cmdline.\n");
385 		return NULL;
386 	}
387 
388 	ret = xbc_snprint_cmdline(new_cmdline, len + 1, root);
389 	if (ret < 0 || ret > len) {
390 		pr_err("Failed to print extra kernel cmdline.\n");
391 		memblock_free(new_cmdline, len + 1);
392 		return NULL;
393 	}
394 
395 	return new_cmdline;
396 }
397 
bootconfig_params(char * param,char * val,const char * unused,void * arg)398 static int __init bootconfig_params(char *param, char *val,
399 				    const char *unused, void *arg)
400 {
401 	if (strcmp(param, "bootconfig") == 0) {
402 		bootconfig_found = true;
403 	}
404 	return 0;
405 }
406 
warn_bootconfig(char * str)407 static int __init warn_bootconfig(char *str)
408 {
409 	/* The 'bootconfig' has been handled by bootconfig_params(). */
410 	return 0;
411 }
412 
setup_boot_config(void)413 static void __init setup_boot_config(void)
414 {
415 	static char tmp_cmdline[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE] __initdata;
416 	const char *msg, *data;
417 	int pos, ret;
418 	size_t size;
419 	char *err;
420 
421 	/* Cut out the bootconfig data even if we have no bootconfig option */
422 	data = get_boot_config_from_initrd(&size);
423 	/* If there is no bootconfig in initrd, try embedded one. */
424 	if (!data)
425 		data = xbc_get_embedded_bootconfig(&size);
426 
427 	strscpy(tmp_cmdline, boot_command_line, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
428 	err = parse_args("bootconfig", tmp_cmdline, NULL, 0, 0, 0, NULL,
429 			 bootconfig_params);
430 
431 	if (IS_ERR(err) || !(bootconfig_found || IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_BOOT_CONFIG_FORCE)))
432 		return;
433 
434 	/* parse_args() stops at the next param of '--' and returns an address */
435 	if (err)
436 		initargs_offs = err - tmp_cmdline;
437 
438 	if (!data) {
439 		/* If user intended to use bootconfig, show an error level message */
440 		if (bootconfig_found)
441 			pr_err("'bootconfig' found on command line, but no bootconfig found\n");
442 		else
443 			pr_info("No bootconfig data provided, so skipping bootconfig");
444 		return;
445 	}
446 
447 	if (size >= XBC_DATA_MAX) {
448 		pr_err("bootconfig size %ld greater than max size %d\n",
449 			(long)size, XBC_DATA_MAX);
450 		return;
451 	}
452 
453 	ret = xbc_init(data, size, &msg, &pos);
454 	if (ret < 0) {
455 		if (pos < 0)
456 			pr_err("Failed to init bootconfig: %s.\n", msg);
457 		else
458 			pr_err("Failed to parse bootconfig: %s at %d.\n",
459 				msg, pos);
460 	} else {
461 		xbc_get_info(&ret, NULL);
462 		pr_info("Load bootconfig: %ld bytes %d nodes\n", (long)size, ret);
463 		/* keys starting with "kernel." are passed via cmdline */
464 		extra_command_line = xbc_make_cmdline("kernel");
465 		/* Also, "init." keys are init arguments */
466 		extra_init_args = xbc_make_cmdline("init");
467 	}
468 	return;
469 }
470 
exit_boot_config(void)471 static void __init exit_boot_config(void)
472 {
473 	xbc_exit();
474 }
475 
476 #else	/* !CONFIG_BOOT_CONFIG */
477 
setup_boot_config(void)478 static void __init setup_boot_config(void)
479 {
480 	/* Remove bootconfig data from initrd */
481 	get_boot_config_from_initrd(NULL);
482 }
483 
warn_bootconfig(char * str)484 static int __init warn_bootconfig(char *str)
485 {
486 	pr_warn("WARNING: 'bootconfig' found on the kernel command line but CONFIG_BOOT_CONFIG is not set.\n");
487 	return 0;
488 }
489 
490 #define exit_boot_config()	do {} while (0)
491 
492 #endif	/* CONFIG_BOOT_CONFIG */
493 
494 early_param("bootconfig", warn_bootconfig);
495 
cmdline_has_extra_options(void)496 bool __init cmdline_has_extra_options(void)
497 {
498 	return extra_command_line || extra_init_args;
499 }
500 
501 /* Change NUL term back to "=", to make "param" the whole string. */
repair_env_string(char * param,char * val)502 static void __init repair_env_string(char *param, char *val)
503 {
504 	if (val) {
505 		/* param=val or param="val"? */
506 		if (val == param+strlen(param)+1)
507 			val[-1] = '=';
508 		else if (val == param+strlen(param)+2) {
509 			val[-2] = '=';
510 			memmove(val-1, val, strlen(val)+1);
511 		} else
512 			BUG();
513 	}
514 }
515 
516 /* Anything after -- gets handed straight to init. */
set_init_arg(char * param,char * val,const char * unused,void * arg)517 static int __init set_init_arg(char *param, char *val,
518 			       const char *unused, void *arg)
519 {
520 	unsigned int i;
521 
522 	if (panic_later)
523 		return 0;
524 
525 	repair_env_string(param, val);
526 
527 	for (i = 0; argv_init[i]; i++) {
528 		if (i == MAX_INIT_ARGS) {
529 			panic_later = "init";
530 			panic_param = param;
531 			return 0;
532 		}
533 	}
534 	argv_init[i] = param;
535 	return 0;
536 }
537 
538 /*
539  * Unknown boot options get handed to init, unless they look like
540  * unused parameters (modprobe will find them in /proc/cmdline).
541  */
unknown_bootoption(char * param,char * val,const char * unused,void * arg)542 static int __init unknown_bootoption(char *param, char *val,
543 				     const char *unused, void *arg)
544 {
545 	size_t len = strlen(param);
546 
547 	/* Handle params aliased to sysctls */
548 	if (sysctl_is_alias(param))
549 		return 0;
550 
551 	repair_env_string(param, val);
552 
553 	/* Handle obsolete-style parameters */
554 	if (obsolete_checksetup(param))
555 		return 0;
556 
557 	/* Unused module parameter. */
558 	if (strnchr(param, len, '.'))
559 		return 0;
560 
561 	if (panic_later)
562 		return 0;
563 
564 	if (val) {
565 		/* Environment option */
566 		unsigned int i;
567 		for (i = 0; envp_init[i]; i++) {
568 			if (i == MAX_INIT_ENVS) {
569 				panic_later = "env";
570 				panic_param = param;
571 			}
572 			if (!strncmp(param, envp_init[i], len+1))
573 				break;
574 		}
575 		envp_init[i] = param;
576 	} else {
577 		/* Command line option */
578 		unsigned int i;
579 		for (i = 0; argv_init[i]; i++) {
580 			if (i == MAX_INIT_ARGS) {
581 				panic_later = "init";
582 				panic_param = param;
583 			}
584 		}
585 		argv_init[i] = param;
586 	}
587 	return 0;
588 }
589 
init_setup(char * str)590 static int __init init_setup(char *str)
591 {
592 	unsigned int i;
593 
594 	execute_command = str;
595 	/*
596 	 * In case LILO is going to boot us with default command line,
597 	 * it prepends "auto" before the whole cmdline which makes
598 	 * the shell think it should execute a script with such name.
599 	 * So we ignore all arguments entered _before_ init=... [MJ]
600 	 */
601 	for (i = 1; i < MAX_INIT_ARGS; i++)
602 		argv_init[i] = NULL;
603 	return 1;
604 }
605 __setup("init=", init_setup);
606 
rdinit_setup(char * str)607 static int __init rdinit_setup(char *str)
608 {
609 	unsigned int i;
610 
611 	ramdisk_execute_command = str;
612 	/* See "auto" comment in init_setup */
613 	for (i = 1; i < MAX_INIT_ARGS; i++)
614 		argv_init[i] = NULL;
615 	return 1;
616 }
617 __setup("rdinit=", rdinit_setup);
618 
619 #ifndef CONFIG_SMP
setup_nr_cpu_ids(void)620 static inline void setup_nr_cpu_ids(void) { }
smp_prepare_cpus(unsigned int maxcpus)621 static inline void smp_prepare_cpus(unsigned int maxcpus) { }
622 #endif
623 
624 /*
625  * We need to store the untouched command line for future reference.
626  * We also need to store the touched command line since the parameter
627  * parsing is performed in place, and we should allow a component to
628  * store reference of name/value for future reference.
629  */
setup_command_line(char * command_line)630 static void __init setup_command_line(char *command_line)
631 {
632 	size_t len, xlen = 0, ilen = 0;
633 
634 	if (extra_command_line)
635 		xlen = strlen(extra_command_line);
636 	if (extra_init_args) {
637 		extra_init_args = strim(extra_init_args); /* remove trailing space */
638 		ilen = strlen(extra_init_args) + 4; /* for " -- " */
639 	}
640 
641 	len = xlen + strlen(boot_command_line) + ilen + 1;
642 
643 	saved_command_line = memblock_alloc(len, SMP_CACHE_BYTES);
644 	if (!saved_command_line)
645 		panic("%s: Failed to allocate %zu bytes\n", __func__, len);
646 
647 	len = xlen + strlen(command_line) + 1;
648 
649 	static_command_line = memblock_alloc(len, SMP_CACHE_BYTES);
650 	if (!static_command_line)
651 		panic("%s: Failed to allocate %zu bytes\n", __func__, len);
652 
653 	if (xlen) {
654 		/*
655 		 * We have to put extra_command_line before boot command
656 		 * lines because there could be dashes (separator of init
657 		 * command line) in the command lines.
658 		 */
659 		strcpy(saved_command_line, extra_command_line);
660 		strcpy(static_command_line, extra_command_line);
661 	}
662 	strcpy(saved_command_line + xlen, boot_command_line);
663 	strcpy(static_command_line + xlen, command_line);
664 
665 	if (ilen) {
666 		/*
667 		 * Append supplemental init boot args to saved_command_line
668 		 * so that user can check what command line options passed
669 		 * to init.
670 		 * The order should always be
671 		 * " -- "[bootconfig init-param][cmdline init-param]
672 		 */
673 		if (initargs_offs) {
674 			len = xlen + initargs_offs;
675 			strcpy(saved_command_line + len, extra_init_args);
676 			len += ilen - 4;	/* strlen(extra_init_args) */
677 			strcpy(saved_command_line + len,
678 				boot_command_line + initargs_offs - 1);
679 		} else {
680 			len = strlen(saved_command_line);
681 			strcpy(saved_command_line + len, " -- ");
682 			len += 4;
683 			strcpy(saved_command_line + len, extra_init_args);
684 		}
685 	}
686 
687 	saved_command_line_len = strlen(saved_command_line);
688 }
689 
690 /*
691  * We need to finalize in a non-__init function or else race conditions
692  * between the root thread and the init thread may cause start_kernel to
693  * be reaped by free_initmem before the root thread has proceeded to
694  * cpu_idle.
695  *
696  * gcc-3.4 accidentally inlines this function, so use noinline.
697  */
698 
699 static __initdata DECLARE_COMPLETION(kthreadd_done);
700 
rest_init(void)701 static noinline void __ref __noreturn rest_init(void)
702 {
703 	struct task_struct *tsk;
704 	int pid;
705 
706 	rcu_scheduler_starting();
707 	/*
708 	 * We need to spawn init first so that it obtains pid 1, however
709 	 * the init task will end up wanting to create kthreads, which, if
710 	 * we schedule it before we create kthreadd, will OOPS.
711 	 */
712 	pid = user_mode_thread(kernel_init, NULL, CLONE_FS);
713 	/*
714 	 * Pin init on the boot CPU. Task migration is not properly working
715 	 * until sched_init_smp() has been run. It will set the allowed
716 	 * CPUs for init to the non isolated CPUs.
717 	 */
718 	rcu_read_lock();
719 	tsk = find_task_by_pid_ns(pid, &init_pid_ns);
720 	tsk->flags |= PF_NO_SETAFFINITY;
721 	set_cpus_allowed_ptr(tsk, cpumask_of(smp_processor_id()));
722 	rcu_read_unlock();
723 
724 	numa_default_policy();
725 	pid = kernel_thread(kthreadd, NULL, NULL, CLONE_FS | CLONE_FILES);
726 	rcu_read_lock();
727 	kthreadd_task = find_task_by_pid_ns(pid, &init_pid_ns);
728 	rcu_read_unlock();
729 
730 	/*
731 	 * Enable might_sleep() and smp_processor_id() checks.
732 	 * They cannot be enabled earlier because with CONFIG_PREEMPTION=y
733 	 * kernel_thread() would trigger might_sleep() splats. With
734 	 * CONFIG_PREEMPT_VOLUNTARY=y the init task might have scheduled
735 	 * already, but it's stuck on the kthreadd_done completion.
736 	 */
737 	system_state = SYSTEM_SCHEDULING;
738 
739 	complete(&kthreadd_done);
740 
741 	/*
742 	 * The boot idle thread must execute schedule()
743 	 * at least once to get things moving:
744 	 */
745 	schedule_preempt_disabled();
746 	/* Call into cpu_idle with preempt disabled */
747 	cpu_startup_entry(CPUHP_ONLINE);
748 }
749 
750 /* Check for early params. */
do_early_param(char * param,char * val,const char * unused,void * arg)751 static int __init do_early_param(char *param, char *val,
752 				 const char *unused, void *arg)
753 {
754 	const struct obs_kernel_param *p;
755 
756 	for (p = __setup_start; p < __setup_end; p++) {
757 		if ((p->early && parameq(param, p->str)) ||
758 		    (strcmp(param, "console") == 0 &&
759 		     strcmp(p->str, "earlycon") == 0)
760 		) {
761 			if (p->setup_func(val) != 0)
762 				pr_warn("Malformed early option '%s'\n", param);
763 		}
764 	}
765 	/* We accept everything at this stage. */
766 	return 0;
767 }
768 
parse_early_options(char * cmdline)769 void __init parse_early_options(char *cmdline)
770 {
771 	parse_args("early options", cmdline, NULL, 0, 0, 0, NULL,
772 		   do_early_param);
773 }
774 
775 /* Arch code calls this early on, or if not, just before other parsing. */
parse_early_param(void)776 void __init parse_early_param(void)
777 {
778 	static int done __initdata;
779 	static char tmp_cmdline[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE] __initdata;
780 
781 	if (done)
782 		return;
783 
784 	/* All fall through to do_early_param. */
785 	strscpy(tmp_cmdline, boot_command_line, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
786 	parse_early_options(tmp_cmdline);
787 	done = 1;
788 }
789 
arch_post_acpi_subsys_init(void)790 void __init __weak arch_post_acpi_subsys_init(void) { }
791 
smp_setup_processor_id(void)792 void __init __weak smp_setup_processor_id(void)
793 {
794 }
795 
smp_prepare_boot_cpu(void)796 void __init __weak smp_prepare_boot_cpu(void)
797 {
798 }
799 
800 # if THREAD_SIZE >= PAGE_SIZE
thread_stack_cache_init(void)801 void __init __weak thread_stack_cache_init(void)
802 {
803 }
804 #endif
805 
poking_init(void)806 void __init __weak poking_init(void) { }
807 
pgtable_cache_init(void)808 void __init __weak pgtable_cache_init(void) { }
809 
trap_init(void)810 void __init __weak trap_init(void) { }
811 
812 bool initcall_debug;
813 core_param(initcall_debug, initcall_debug, bool, 0644);
814 
815 #ifdef TRACEPOINTS_ENABLED
816 static void __init initcall_debug_enable(void);
817 #else
initcall_debug_enable(void)818 static inline void initcall_debug_enable(void)
819 {
820 }
821 #endif
822 
823 #ifdef CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_KSTACK_OFFSET
824 DEFINE_STATIC_KEY_MAYBE_RO(CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_KSTACK_OFFSET_DEFAULT,
825 			   randomize_kstack_offset);
826 DEFINE_PER_CPU(u32, kstack_offset);
827 
early_randomize_kstack_offset(char * buf)828 static int __init early_randomize_kstack_offset(char *buf)
829 {
830 	int ret;
831 	bool bool_result;
832 
833 	ret = kstrtobool(buf, &bool_result);
834 	if (ret)
835 		return ret;
836 
837 	if (bool_result)
838 		static_branch_enable(&randomize_kstack_offset);
839 	else
840 		static_branch_disable(&randomize_kstack_offset);
841 	return 0;
842 }
843 early_param("randomize_kstack_offset", early_randomize_kstack_offset);
844 #endif
845 
print_unknown_bootoptions(void)846 static void __init print_unknown_bootoptions(void)
847 {
848 	char *unknown_options;
849 	char *end;
850 	const char *const *p;
851 	size_t len;
852 
853 	if (panic_later || (!argv_init[1] && !envp_init[2]))
854 		return;
855 
856 	/*
857 	 * Determine how many options we have to print out, plus a space
858 	 * before each
859 	 */
860 	len = 1; /* null terminator */
861 	for (p = &argv_init[1]; *p; p++) {
862 		len++;
863 		len += strlen(*p);
864 	}
865 	for (p = &envp_init[2]; *p; p++) {
866 		len++;
867 		len += strlen(*p);
868 	}
869 
870 	unknown_options = memblock_alloc(len, SMP_CACHE_BYTES);
871 	if (!unknown_options) {
872 		pr_err("%s: Failed to allocate %zu bytes\n",
873 			__func__, len);
874 		return;
875 	}
876 	end = unknown_options;
877 
878 	for (p = &argv_init[1]; *p; p++)
879 		end += sprintf(end, " %s", *p);
880 	for (p = &envp_init[2]; *p; p++)
881 		end += sprintf(end, " %s", *p);
882 
883 	/* Start at unknown_options[1] to skip the initial space */
884 	pr_notice("Unknown kernel command line parameters \"%s\", will be passed to user space.\n",
885 		&unknown_options[1]);
886 	memblock_free(unknown_options, len);
887 }
888 
early_numa_node_init(void)889 static void __init early_numa_node_init(void)
890 {
891 #ifdef CONFIG_USE_PERCPU_NUMA_NODE_ID
892 #ifndef cpu_to_node
893 	int cpu;
894 
895 	/* The early_cpu_to_node() should be ready here. */
896 	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
897 		set_cpu_numa_node(cpu, early_cpu_to_node(cpu));
898 #endif
899 #endif
900 }
901 
902 asmlinkage __visible __init __no_sanitize_address __noreturn __no_stack_protector
start_kernel(void)903 void start_kernel(void)
904 {
905 	char *command_line;
906 	char *after_dashes;
907 
908 	set_task_stack_end_magic(&init_task);
909 	smp_setup_processor_id();
910 	debug_objects_early_init();
911 	init_vmlinux_build_id();
912 
913 	cgroup_init_early();
914 
915 	local_irq_disable();
916 	early_boot_irqs_disabled = true;
917 
918 	/*
919 	 * Interrupts are still disabled. Do necessary setups, then
920 	 * enable them.
921 	 */
922 	boot_cpu_init();
923 	page_address_init();
924 	pr_notice("%s", linux_banner);
925 	setup_arch(&command_line);
926 	/* Static keys and static calls are needed by LSMs */
927 	jump_label_init();
928 	static_call_init();
929 	early_security_init();
930 	setup_boot_config();
931 	setup_command_line(command_line);
932 	setup_nr_cpu_ids();
933 	setup_per_cpu_areas();
934 	smp_prepare_boot_cpu();	/* arch-specific boot-cpu hooks */
935 	early_numa_node_init();
936 	boot_cpu_hotplug_init();
937 
938 	pr_notice("Kernel command line: %s\n", saved_command_line);
939 	/* parameters may set static keys */
940 	parse_early_param();
941 	after_dashes = parse_args("Booting kernel",
942 				  static_command_line, __start___param,
943 				  __stop___param - __start___param,
944 				  -1, -1, NULL, &unknown_bootoption);
945 	print_unknown_bootoptions();
946 	if (!IS_ERR_OR_NULL(after_dashes))
947 		parse_args("Setting init args", after_dashes, NULL, 0, -1, -1,
948 			   NULL, set_init_arg);
949 	if (extra_init_args)
950 		parse_args("Setting extra init args", extra_init_args,
951 			   NULL, 0, -1, -1, NULL, set_init_arg);
952 
953 	/* Architectural and non-timekeeping rng init, before allocator init */
954 	random_init_early(command_line);
955 
956 	/*
957 	 * These use large bootmem allocations and must precede
958 	 * initalization of page allocator
959 	 */
960 	setup_log_buf(0);
961 	vfs_caches_init_early();
962 	sort_main_extable();
963 	trap_init();
964 	mm_core_init();
965 	poking_init();
966 	ftrace_init();
967 
968 	/* trace_printk can be enabled here */
969 	early_trace_init();
970 
971 	/*
972 	 * Set up the scheduler prior starting any interrupts (such as the
973 	 * timer interrupt). Full topology setup happens at smp_init()
974 	 * time - but meanwhile we still have a functioning scheduler.
975 	 */
976 	sched_init();
977 
978 	if (WARN(!irqs_disabled(),
979 		 "Interrupts were enabled *very* early, fixing it\n"))
980 		local_irq_disable();
981 	radix_tree_init();
982 	maple_tree_init();
983 
984 	/*
985 	 * Set up housekeeping before setting up workqueues to allow the unbound
986 	 * workqueue to take non-housekeeping into account.
987 	 */
988 	housekeeping_init();
989 
990 	/*
991 	 * Allow workqueue creation and work item queueing/cancelling
992 	 * early.  Work item execution depends on kthreads and starts after
993 	 * workqueue_init().
994 	 */
995 	workqueue_init_early();
996 
997 	rcu_init();
998 
999 	/* Trace events are available after this */
1000 	trace_init();
1001 
1002 	if (initcall_debug)
1003 		initcall_debug_enable();
1004 
1005 	context_tracking_init();
1006 	/* init some links before init_ISA_irqs() */
1007 	early_irq_init();
1008 	init_IRQ();
1009 	tick_init();
1010 	rcu_init_nohz();
1011 	init_timers();
1012 	srcu_init();
1013 	hrtimers_init();
1014 	softirq_init();
1015 	timekeeping_init();
1016 	time_init();
1017 
1018 	/* This must be after timekeeping is initialized */
1019 	random_init();
1020 
1021 	/* These make use of the fully initialized rng */
1022 	kfence_init();
1023 	boot_init_stack_canary();
1024 
1025 	perf_event_init();
1026 	profile_init();
1027 	call_function_init();
1028 	WARN(!irqs_disabled(), "Interrupts were enabled early\n");
1029 
1030 	early_boot_irqs_disabled = false;
1031 	local_irq_enable();
1032 
1033 	kmem_cache_init_late();
1034 
1035 	/*
1036 	 * HACK ALERT! This is early. We're enabling the console before
1037 	 * we've done PCI setups etc, and console_init() must be aware of
1038 	 * this. But we do want output early, in case something goes wrong.
1039 	 */
1040 	console_init();
1041 	if (panic_later)
1042 		panic("Too many boot %s vars at `%s'", panic_later,
1043 		      panic_param);
1044 
1045 	lockdep_init();
1046 
1047 	/*
1048 	 * Need to run this when irqs are enabled, because it wants
1049 	 * to self-test [hard/soft]-irqs on/off lock inversion bugs
1050 	 * too:
1051 	 */
1052 	locking_selftest();
1053 
1054 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
1055 	if (initrd_start && !initrd_below_start_ok &&
1056 	    page_to_pfn(virt_to_page((void *)initrd_start)) < min_low_pfn) {
1057 		pr_crit("initrd overwritten (0x%08lx < 0x%08lx) - disabling it.\n",
1058 		    page_to_pfn(virt_to_page((void *)initrd_start)),
1059 		    min_low_pfn);
1060 		initrd_start = 0;
1061 	}
1062 #endif
1063 	setup_per_cpu_pageset();
1064 	numa_policy_init();
1065 	acpi_early_init();
1066 	if (late_time_init)
1067 		late_time_init();
1068 	sched_clock_init();
1069 	calibrate_delay();
1070 
1071 	arch_cpu_finalize_init();
1072 
1073 	pid_idr_init();
1074 	anon_vma_init();
1075 #ifdef CONFIG_X86
1076 	if (efi_enabled(EFI_RUNTIME_SERVICES))
1077 		efi_enter_virtual_mode();
1078 #endif
1079 	thread_stack_cache_init();
1080 	cred_init();
1081 	fork_init();
1082 	proc_caches_init();
1083 	uts_ns_init();
1084 	key_init();
1085 	security_init();
1086 	dbg_late_init();
1087 	net_ns_init();
1088 	vfs_caches_init();
1089 	pagecache_init();
1090 	signals_init();
1091 	seq_file_init();
1092 	proc_root_init();
1093 	nsfs_init();
1094 	pidfs_init();
1095 	cpuset_init();
1096 	cgroup_init();
1097 	taskstats_init_early();
1098 	delayacct_init();
1099 
1100 	acpi_subsystem_init();
1101 	arch_post_acpi_subsys_init();
1102 	kcsan_init();
1103 
1104 	/* Do the rest non-__init'ed, we're now alive */
1105 	rest_init();
1106 
1107 	/*
1108 	 * Avoid stack canaries in callers of boot_init_stack_canary for gcc-10
1109 	 * and older.
1110 	 */
1111 #if !__has_attribute(__no_stack_protector__)
1112 	prevent_tail_call_optimization();
1113 #endif
1114 }
1115 
1116 /* Call all constructor functions linked into the kernel. */
do_ctors(void)1117 static void __init do_ctors(void)
1118 {
1119 /*
1120  * For UML, the constructors have already been called by the
1121  * normal setup code as it's just a normal ELF binary, so we
1122  * cannot do it again - but we do need CONFIG_CONSTRUCTORS
1123  * even on UML for modules.
1124  */
1125 #if defined(CONFIG_CONSTRUCTORS) && !defined(CONFIG_UML)
1126 	ctor_fn_t *fn = (ctor_fn_t *) __ctors_start;
1127 
1128 	for (; fn < (ctor_fn_t *) __ctors_end; fn++)
1129 		(*fn)();
1130 #endif
1131 }
1132 
1133 #ifdef CONFIG_KALLSYMS
1134 struct blacklist_entry {
1135 	struct list_head next;
1136 	char *buf;
1137 };
1138 
1139 static __initdata_or_module LIST_HEAD(blacklisted_initcalls);
1140 
initcall_blacklist(char * str)1141 static int __init initcall_blacklist(char *str)
1142 {
1143 	char *str_entry;
1144 	struct blacklist_entry *entry;
1145 
1146 	/* str argument is a comma-separated list of functions */
1147 	do {
1148 		str_entry = strsep(&str, ",");
1149 		if (str_entry) {
1150 			pr_debug("blacklisting initcall %s\n", str_entry);
1151 			entry = memblock_alloc(sizeof(*entry),
1152 					       SMP_CACHE_BYTES);
1153 			if (!entry)
1154 				panic("%s: Failed to allocate %zu bytes\n",
1155 				      __func__, sizeof(*entry));
1156 			entry->buf = memblock_alloc(strlen(str_entry) + 1,
1157 						    SMP_CACHE_BYTES);
1158 			if (!entry->buf)
1159 				panic("%s: Failed to allocate %zu bytes\n",
1160 				      __func__, strlen(str_entry) + 1);
1161 			strcpy(entry->buf, str_entry);
1162 			list_add(&entry->next, &blacklisted_initcalls);
1163 		}
1164 	} while (str_entry);
1165 
1166 	return 1;
1167 }
1168 
initcall_blacklisted(initcall_t fn)1169 static bool __init_or_module initcall_blacklisted(initcall_t fn)
1170 {
1171 	struct blacklist_entry *entry;
1172 	char fn_name[KSYM_SYMBOL_LEN];
1173 	unsigned long addr;
1174 
1175 	if (list_empty(&blacklisted_initcalls))
1176 		return false;
1177 
1178 	addr = (unsigned long) dereference_function_descriptor(fn);
1179 	sprint_symbol_no_offset(fn_name, addr);
1180 
1181 	/*
1182 	 * fn will be "function_name [module_name]" where [module_name] is not
1183 	 * displayed for built-in init functions.  Strip off the [module_name].
1184 	 */
1185 	strreplace(fn_name, ' ', '\0');
1186 
1187 	list_for_each_entry(entry, &blacklisted_initcalls, next) {
1188 		if (!strcmp(fn_name, entry->buf)) {
1189 			pr_debug("initcall %s blacklisted\n", fn_name);
1190 			return true;
1191 		}
1192 	}
1193 
1194 	return false;
1195 }
1196 #else
initcall_blacklist(char * str)1197 static int __init initcall_blacklist(char *str)
1198 {
1199 	pr_warn("initcall_blacklist requires CONFIG_KALLSYMS\n");
1200 	return 0;
1201 }
1202 
initcall_blacklisted(initcall_t fn)1203 static bool __init_or_module initcall_blacklisted(initcall_t fn)
1204 {
1205 	return false;
1206 }
1207 #endif
1208 __setup("initcall_blacklist=", initcall_blacklist);
1209 
1210 static __init_or_module void
trace_initcall_start_cb(void * data,initcall_t fn)1211 trace_initcall_start_cb(void *data, initcall_t fn)
1212 {
1213 	ktime_t *calltime = data;
1214 
1215 	printk(KERN_DEBUG "calling  %pS @ %i\n", fn, task_pid_nr(current));
1216 	*calltime = ktime_get();
1217 }
1218 
1219 static __init_or_module void
trace_initcall_finish_cb(void * data,initcall_t fn,int ret)1220 trace_initcall_finish_cb(void *data, initcall_t fn, int ret)
1221 {
1222 	ktime_t rettime, *calltime = data;
1223 
1224 	rettime = ktime_get();
1225 	printk(KERN_DEBUG "initcall %pS returned %d after %lld usecs\n",
1226 		 fn, ret, (unsigned long long)ktime_us_delta(rettime, *calltime));
1227 }
1228 
1229 static ktime_t initcall_calltime;
1230 
1231 #ifdef TRACEPOINTS_ENABLED
initcall_debug_enable(void)1232 static void __init initcall_debug_enable(void)
1233 {
1234 	int ret;
1235 
1236 	ret = register_trace_initcall_start(trace_initcall_start_cb,
1237 					    &initcall_calltime);
1238 	ret |= register_trace_initcall_finish(trace_initcall_finish_cb,
1239 					      &initcall_calltime);
1240 	WARN(ret, "Failed to register initcall tracepoints\n");
1241 }
1242 # define do_trace_initcall_start	trace_initcall_start
1243 # define do_trace_initcall_finish	trace_initcall_finish
1244 #else
do_trace_initcall_start(initcall_t fn)1245 static inline void do_trace_initcall_start(initcall_t fn)
1246 {
1247 	if (!initcall_debug)
1248 		return;
1249 	trace_initcall_start_cb(&initcall_calltime, fn);
1250 }
do_trace_initcall_finish(initcall_t fn,int ret)1251 static inline void do_trace_initcall_finish(initcall_t fn, int ret)
1252 {
1253 	if (!initcall_debug)
1254 		return;
1255 	trace_initcall_finish_cb(&initcall_calltime, fn, ret);
1256 }
1257 #endif /* !TRACEPOINTS_ENABLED */
1258 
do_one_initcall(initcall_t fn)1259 int __init_or_module do_one_initcall(initcall_t fn)
1260 {
1261 	int count = preempt_count();
1262 	char msgbuf[64];
1263 	int ret;
1264 
1265 	if (initcall_blacklisted(fn))
1266 		return -EPERM;
1267 
1268 	do_trace_initcall_start(fn);
1269 	ret = fn();
1270 	do_trace_initcall_finish(fn, ret);
1271 
1272 	msgbuf[0] = 0;
1273 
1274 	if (preempt_count() != count) {
1275 		sprintf(msgbuf, "preemption imbalance ");
1276 		preempt_count_set(count);
1277 	}
1278 	if (irqs_disabled()) {
1279 		strlcat(msgbuf, "disabled interrupts ", sizeof(msgbuf));
1280 		local_irq_enable();
1281 	}
1282 	WARN(msgbuf[0], "initcall %pS returned with %s\n", fn, msgbuf);
1283 
1284 	add_latent_entropy();
1285 	return ret;
1286 }
1287 
1288 
1289 static initcall_entry_t *initcall_levels[] __initdata = {
1290 	__initcall0_start,
1291 	__initcall1_start,
1292 	__initcall2_start,
1293 	__initcall3_start,
1294 	__initcall4_start,
1295 	__initcall5_start,
1296 	__initcall6_start,
1297 	__initcall7_start,
1298 	__initcall_end,
1299 };
1300 
1301 /* Keep these in sync with initcalls in include/linux/init.h */
1302 static const char *initcall_level_names[] __initdata = {
1303 	"pure",
1304 	"core",
1305 	"postcore",
1306 	"arch",
1307 	"subsys",
1308 	"fs",
1309 	"device",
1310 	"late",
1311 };
1312 
ignore_unknown_bootoption(char * param,char * val,const char * unused,void * arg)1313 static int __init ignore_unknown_bootoption(char *param, char *val,
1314 			       const char *unused, void *arg)
1315 {
1316 	return 0;
1317 }
1318 
do_initcall_level(int level,char * command_line)1319 static void __init do_initcall_level(int level, char *command_line)
1320 {
1321 	initcall_entry_t *fn;
1322 
1323 	parse_args(initcall_level_names[level],
1324 		   command_line, __start___param,
1325 		   __stop___param - __start___param,
1326 		   level, level,
1327 		   NULL, ignore_unknown_bootoption);
1328 
1329 	trace_initcall_level(initcall_level_names[level]);
1330 	for (fn = initcall_levels[level]; fn < initcall_levels[level+1]; fn++)
1331 		do_one_initcall(initcall_from_entry(fn));
1332 }
1333 
do_initcalls(void)1334 static void __init do_initcalls(void)
1335 {
1336 	int level;
1337 	size_t len = saved_command_line_len + 1;
1338 	char *command_line;
1339 
1340 	command_line = kzalloc(len, GFP_KERNEL);
1341 	if (!command_line)
1342 		panic("%s: Failed to allocate %zu bytes\n", __func__, len);
1343 
1344 	for (level = 0; level < ARRAY_SIZE(initcall_levels) - 1; level++) {
1345 		/* Parser modifies command_line, restore it each time */
1346 		strcpy(command_line, saved_command_line);
1347 		do_initcall_level(level, command_line);
1348 	}
1349 
1350 	kfree(command_line);
1351 }
1352 
1353 /*
1354  * Ok, the machine is now initialized. None of the devices
1355  * have been touched yet, but the CPU subsystem is up and
1356  * running, and memory and process management works.
1357  *
1358  * Now we can finally start doing some real work..
1359  */
do_basic_setup(void)1360 static void __init do_basic_setup(void)
1361 {
1362 	cpuset_init_smp();
1363 	driver_init();
1364 	init_irq_proc();
1365 	do_ctors();
1366 	do_initcalls();
1367 }
1368 
do_pre_smp_initcalls(void)1369 static void __init do_pre_smp_initcalls(void)
1370 {
1371 	initcall_entry_t *fn;
1372 
1373 	trace_initcall_level("early");
1374 	for (fn = __initcall_start; fn < __initcall0_start; fn++)
1375 		do_one_initcall(initcall_from_entry(fn));
1376 }
1377 
run_init_process(const char * init_filename)1378 static int run_init_process(const char *init_filename)
1379 {
1380 	const char *const *p;
1381 
1382 	argv_init[0] = init_filename;
1383 	pr_info("Run %s as init process\n", init_filename);
1384 	pr_debug("  with arguments:\n");
1385 	for (p = argv_init; *p; p++)
1386 		pr_debug("    %s\n", *p);
1387 	pr_debug("  with environment:\n");
1388 	for (p = envp_init; *p; p++)
1389 		pr_debug("    %s\n", *p);
1390 	return kernel_execve(init_filename, argv_init, envp_init);
1391 }
1392 
try_to_run_init_process(const char * init_filename)1393 static int try_to_run_init_process(const char *init_filename)
1394 {
1395 	int ret;
1396 
1397 	ret = run_init_process(init_filename);
1398 
1399 	if (ret && ret != -ENOENT) {
1400 		pr_err("Starting init: %s exists but couldn't execute it (error %d)\n",
1401 		       init_filename, ret);
1402 	}
1403 
1404 	return ret;
1405 }
1406 
1407 static noinline void __init kernel_init_freeable(void);
1408 
1409 #if defined(CONFIG_STRICT_KERNEL_RWX) || defined(CONFIG_STRICT_MODULE_RWX)
1410 bool rodata_enabled __ro_after_init = true;
1411 
1412 #ifndef arch_parse_debug_rodata
arch_parse_debug_rodata(char * str)1413 static inline bool arch_parse_debug_rodata(char *str) { return false; }
1414 #endif
1415 
set_debug_rodata(char * str)1416 static int __init set_debug_rodata(char *str)
1417 {
1418 	if (arch_parse_debug_rodata(str))
1419 		return 0;
1420 
1421 	if (str && !strcmp(str, "on"))
1422 		rodata_enabled = true;
1423 	else if (str && !strcmp(str, "off"))
1424 		rodata_enabled = false;
1425 	else
1426 		pr_warn("Invalid option string for rodata: '%s'\n", str);
1427 	return 0;
1428 }
1429 early_param("rodata", set_debug_rodata);
1430 #endif
1431 
mark_readonly(void)1432 static void mark_readonly(void)
1433 {
1434 	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_STRICT_KERNEL_RWX) && rodata_enabled) {
1435 		/*
1436 		 * load_module() results in W+X mappings, which are cleaned
1437 		 * up with init_free_wq. Let's make sure that queued work is
1438 		 * flushed so that we don't hit false positives looking for
1439 		 * insecure pages which are W+X.
1440 		 */
1441 		flush_module_init_free_work();
1442 		jump_label_init_ro();
1443 		mark_rodata_ro();
1444 		debug_checkwx();
1445 		rodata_test();
1446 	} else if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_STRICT_KERNEL_RWX)) {
1447 		pr_info("Kernel memory protection disabled.\n");
1448 	} else if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_STRICT_KERNEL_RWX)) {
1449 		pr_warn("Kernel memory protection not selected by kernel config.\n");
1450 	} else {
1451 		pr_warn("This architecture does not have kernel memory protection.\n");
1452 	}
1453 }
1454 
free_initmem(void)1455 void __weak free_initmem(void)
1456 {
1457 	free_initmem_default(POISON_FREE_INITMEM);
1458 }
1459 
kernel_init(void * unused)1460 static int __ref kernel_init(void *unused)
1461 {
1462 	int ret;
1463 
1464 	/*
1465 	 * Wait until kthreadd is all set-up.
1466 	 */
1467 	wait_for_completion(&kthreadd_done);
1468 
1469 	kernel_init_freeable();
1470 	/* need to finish all async __init code before freeing the memory */
1471 	async_synchronize_full();
1472 
1473 	system_state = SYSTEM_FREEING_INITMEM;
1474 	kprobe_free_init_mem();
1475 	ftrace_free_init_mem();
1476 	kgdb_free_init_mem();
1477 	exit_boot_config();
1478 	free_initmem();
1479 	mark_readonly();
1480 
1481 	/*
1482 	 * Kernel mappings are now finalized - update the userspace page-table
1483 	 * to finalize PTI.
1484 	 */
1485 	pti_finalize();
1486 
1487 	system_state = SYSTEM_RUNNING;
1488 	numa_default_policy();
1489 
1490 	rcu_end_inkernel_boot();
1491 
1492 	do_sysctl_args();
1493 
1494 	if (ramdisk_execute_command) {
1495 		ret = run_init_process(ramdisk_execute_command);
1496 		if (!ret)
1497 			return 0;
1498 		pr_err("Failed to execute %s (error %d)\n",
1499 		       ramdisk_execute_command, ret);
1500 	}
1501 
1502 	/*
1503 	 * We try each of these until one succeeds.
1504 	 *
1505 	 * The Bourne shell can be used instead of init if we are
1506 	 * trying to recover a really broken machine.
1507 	 */
1508 	if (execute_command) {
1509 		ret = run_init_process(execute_command);
1510 		if (!ret)
1511 			return 0;
1512 		panic("Requested init %s failed (error %d).",
1513 		      execute_command, ret);
1514 	}
1515 
1516 	if (CONFIG_DEFAULT_INIT[0] != '\0') {
1517 		ret = run_init_process(CONFIG_DEFAULT_INIT);
1518 		if (ret)
1519 			pr_err("Default init %s failed (error %d)\n",
1520 			       CONFIG_DEFAULT_INIT, ret);
1521 		else
1522 			return 0;
1523 	}
1524 
1525 	if (!try_to_run_init_process("/sbin/init") ||
1526 	    !try_to_run_init_process("/etc/init") ||
1527 	    !try_to_run_init_process("/bin/init") ||
1528 	    !try_to_run_init_process("/bin/sh"))
1529 		return 0;
1530 
1531 	panic("No working init found.  Try passing init= option to kernel. "
1532 	      "See Linux Documentation/admin-guide/init.rst for guidance.");
1533 }
1534 
1535 /* Open /dev/console, for stdin/stdout/stderr, this should never fail */
console_on_rootfs(void)1536 void __init console_on_rootfs(void)
1537 {
1538 	struct file *file = filp_open("/dev/console", O_RDWR, 0);
1539 
1540 	if (IS_ERR(file)) {
1541 		pr_err("Warning: unable to open an initial console.\n");
1542 		return;
1543 	}
1544 	init_dup(file);
1545 	init_dup(file);
1546 	init_dup(file);
1547 	fput(file);
1548 }
1549 
kernel_init_freeable(void)1550 static noinline void __init kernel_init_freeable(void)
1551 {
1552 	/* Now the scheduler is fully set up and can do blocking allocations */
1553 	gfp_allowed_mask = __GFP_BITS_MASK;
1554 
1555 	/*
1556 	 * init can allocate pages on any node
1557 	 */
1558 	set_mems_allowed(node_states[N_MEMORY]);
1559 
1560 	cad_pid = get_pid(task_pid(current));
1561 
1562 	smp_prepare_cpus(setup_max_cpus);
1563 
1564 	workqueue_init();
1565 
1566 	init_mm_internals();
1567 
1568 	rcu_init_tasks_generic();
1569 	do_pre_smp_initcalls();
1570 	lockup_detector_init();
1571 
1572 	smp_init();
1573 	sched_init_smp();
1574 
1575 	workqueue_init_topology();
1576 	async_init();
1577 	padata_init();
1578 	page_alloc_init_late();
1579 
1580 	do_basic_setup();
1581 
1582 	kunit_run_all_tests();
1583 
1584 	wait_for_initramfs();
1585 	console_on_rootfs();
1586 
1587 	/*
1588 	 * check if there is an early userspace init.  If yes, let it do all
1589 	 * the work
1590 	 */
1591 	if (init_eaccess(ramdisk_execute_command) != 0) {
1592 		ramdisk_execute_command = NULL;
1593 		prepare_namespace();
1594 	}
1595 
1596 	/*
1597 	 * Ok, we have completed the initial bootup, and
1598 	 * we're essentially up and running. Get rid of the
1599 	 * initmem segments and start the user-mode stuff..
1600 	 *
1601 	 * rootfs is available now, try loading the public keys
1602 	 * and default modules
1603 	 */
1604 
1605 	integrity_load_keys();
1606 }
1607