xref: /linux/block/blk-core.c (revision 55ab7e14222e5f0b0fd9f7711ca391d2924b35e3)

// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
/*
 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds
 * Copyright (C) 1994,      Karl Keyte: Added support for disk statistics
 * Elevator latency, (C) 2000  Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@suse.de> SuSE
 * Queue request tables / lock, selectable elevator, Jens Axboe <axboe@suse.de>
 * kernel-doc documentation started by NeilBrown <neilb@cse.unsw.edu.au>
 *	-  July2000
 * bio rewrite, highmem i/o, etc, Jens Axboe <axboe@suse.de> - may 2001
 */

/*
 * This handles all read/write requests to block devices
 */
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/bio.h>
#include <linux/blkdev.h>
#include <linux/blk-pm.h>
#include <linux/blk-integrity.h>
#include <linux/highmem.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/pagemap.h>
#include <linux/kernel_stat.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/completion.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/swap.h>
#include <linux/writeback.h>
#include <linux/task_io_accounting_ops.h>
#include <linux/fault-inject.h>
#include <linux/list_sort.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/ratelimit.h>
#include <linux/pm_runtime.h>
#include <linux/t10-pi.h>
#include <linux/debugfs.h>
#include <linux/bpf.h>
#include <linux/part_stat.h>
#include <linux/sched/sysctl.h>
#include <linux/blk-crypto.h>

#define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
#include <trace/events/block.h>

#include "blk.h"
#include "blk-mq-sched.h"
#include "blk-pm.h"
#include "blk-cgroup.h"
#include "blk-throttle.h"
#include "blk-ioprio.h"
#include "error-injection.h"

struct dentry *blk_debugfs_root;

EXPORT_TRACEPOINT_SYMBOL_GPL(block_bio_remap);
EXPORT_TRACEPOINT_SYMBOL_GPL(block_rq_remap);
EXPORT_TRACEPOINT_SYMBOL_GPL(block_bio_complete);
EXPORT_TRACEPOINT_SYMBOL_GPL(block_split);
EXPORT_TRACEPOINT_SYMBOL_GPL(block_unplug);
EXPORT_TRACEPOINT_SYMBOL_GPL(block_rq_insert);

static DEFINE_IDA(blk_queue_ida);

/*
 * For queue allocation
 */
static struct kmem_cache *blk_requestq_cachep;

/*
 * Controlling structure to kblockd
 */
static struct workqueue_struct *kblockd_workqueue;

/**
 * blk_queue_flag_set - atomically set a queue flag
 * @flag: flag to be set
 * @q: request queue
 */
void blk_queue_flag_set(unsigned int flag, struct request_queue *q)
{
	set_bit(flag, &q->queue_flags);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_queue_flag_set);

/**
 * blk_queue_flag_clear - atomically clear a queue flag
 * @flag: flag to be cleared
 * @q: request queue
 */
void blk_queue_flag_clear(unsigned int flag, struct request_queue *q)
{
	clear_bit(flag, &q->queue_flags);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_queue_flag_clear);

#define REQ_OP_NAME(name) [REQ_OP_##name] = #name
static const char *const blk_op_name[] = {
	REQ_OP_NAME(READ),
	REQ_OP_NAME(WRITE),
	REQ_OP_NAME(FLUSH),
	REQ_OP_NAME(DISCARD),
	REQ_OP_NAME(SECURE_ERASE),
	REQ_OP_NAME(ZONE_RESET),
	REQ_OP_NAME(ZONE_RESET_ALL),
	REQ_OP_NAME(ZONE_OPEN),
	REQ_OP_NAME(ZONE_CLOSE),
	REQ_OP_NAME(ZONE_FINISH),
	REQ_OP_NAME(ZONE_APPEND),
	REQ_OP_NAME(WRITE_ZEROES),
	REQ_OP_NAME(DRV_IN),
	REQ_OP_NAME(DRV_OUT),
};
#undef REQ_OP_NAME

/**
 * blk_op_str - Return the string "name" for an operation REQ_OP_name.
 * @op: a request operation.
 *
 * Convert a request operation REQ_OP_name into the string "name". Useful for
 * debugging and tracing BIOs and requests. For an invalid request operation
 * code, the string "UNKNOWN" is returned.
 */
inline const char *blk_op_str(enum req_op op)
{
	const char *op_str = "UNKNOWN";

	if (op < ARRAY_SIZE(blk_op_name) && blk_op_name[op])
		op_str = blk_op_name[op];

	return op_str;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(blk_op_str);

enum req_op str_to_blk_op(const char *op)
{
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(blk_op_name); i++)
		if (blk_op_name[i] && !strcmp(blk_op_name[i], op))
			return (enum req_op)i;
	return REQ_OP_LAST;
}

#define ENT(_tag, _errno, _desc)	\
[BLK_STS_##_tag] = {				\
	.errno		= _errno,		\
	.tag		= __stringify(_tag),	\
	.name		= _desc,		\
}
static const struct {
	int		errno;
	const char	*tag;
	const char	*name;
} blk_errors[] = {
	ENT(OK,			0,		""),
	ENT(NOTSUPP,		-EOPNOTSUPP,	"operation not supported"),
	ENT(TIMEOUT,		-ETIMEDOUT,	"timeout"),
	ENT(NOSPC,		-ENOSPC,	"critical space allocation"),
	ENT(TRANSPORT,		-ENOLINK,	"recoverable transport"),
	ENT(TARGET,		-EREMOTEIO,	"critical target"),
	ENT(RESV_CONFLICT,	-EBADE,		"reservation conflict"),
	ENT(MEDIUM,		-ENODATA,	"critical medium"),
	ENT(PROTECTION,		-EILSEQ,	"protection"),
	ENT(RESOURCE,		-ENOMEM,	"kernel resource"),
	ENT(DEV_RESOURCE,	-EBUSY,		"device resource"),
	ENT(AGAIN,		-EAGAIN,	"nonblocking retry"),
	ENT(OFFLINE,		-ENODEV,	"device offline"),

	/* device mapper special case, should not leak out: */
	ENT(DM_REQUEUE,		-EREMCHG,	"dm internal retry"),

	/* zone device specific errors */
	ENT(ZONE_OPEN_RESOURCE, -ETOOMANYREFS,	"open zones exceeded"),
	ENT(ZONE_ACTIVE_RESOURCE, -EOVERFLOW,	"active zones exceeded"),

	/* Command duration limit device-side timeout */
	ENT(DURATION_LIMIT,	-ETIME,		"duration limit exceeded"),
	ENT(INVAL,		-EINVAL,	"invalid"),

	/* everything else not covered above: */
	ENT(IOERR,		-EIO,		"I/O"),
};
#undef ENT

blk_status_t errno_to_blk_status(int errno)
{
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(blk_errors); i++) {
		if (blk_errors[i].errno == errno)
			return (__force blk_status_t)i;
	}

	return BLK_STS_IOERR;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(errno_to_blk_status);

int blk_status_to_errno(blk_status_t status)
{
	int idx = (__force int)status;

	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(idx >= ARRAY_SIZE(blk_errors)))
		return -EIO;
	return blk_errors[idx].errno;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(blk_status_to_errno);

const char *blk_status_to_str(blk_status_t status)
{
	int idx = (__force int)status;

	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(idx >= ARRAY_SIZE(blk_errors)))
		return "<null>";
	return blk_errors[idx].name;
}

const char *blk_status_to_tag(blk_status_t status)
{
	int idx = (__force int)status;

	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(idx >= ARRAY_SIZE(blk_errors) || !blk_errors[idx].tag))
		return "<null>";
	return blk_errors[idx].tag;
}

blk_status_t tag_to_blk_status(const char *tag)
{
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(blk_errors); i++) {
		if (blk_errors[i].tag &&
		    !strcmp(blk_errors[i].tag, tag))
			return (__force blk_status_t)i;
	}

	/*
	 * Return BLK_STS_OK for mismatches as this function is intended to
	 * parse error status values.
	 */
	return BLK_STS_OK;
}

/**
 * blk_sync_queue - cancel any pending callbacks on a queue
 * @q: the queue
 *
 * Description:
 *     The block layer may perform asynchronous callback activity
 *     on a queue, such as calling the unplug function after a timeout.
 *     A block device may call blk_sync_queue to ensure that any
 *     such activity is cancelled, thus allowing it to release resources
 *     that the callbacks might use. The caller must already have made sure
 *     that its ->submit_bio will not re-add plugging prior to calling
 *     this function.
 *
 *     This function does not cancel any asynchronous activity arising
 *     out of elevator or throttling code. That would require elevator_exit()
 *     and blkcg_exit_queue() to be called with queue lock initialized.
 *
 */
void blk_sync_queue(struct request_queue *q)
{
	timer_delete_sync(&q->timeout);
	cancel_work_sync(&q->timeout_work);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_sync_queue);

/**
 * blk_set_pm_only - increment pm_only counter
 * @q: request queue pointer
 */
void blk_set_pm_only(struct request_queue *q)
{
	atomic_inc(&q->pm_only);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(blk_set_pm_only);

void blk_clear_pm_only(struct request_queue *q)
{
	int pm_only;

	pm_only = atomic_dec_return(&q->pm_only);
	WARN_ON_ONCE(pm_only < 0);
	if (pm_only == 0)
		wake_up_all(&q->mq_freeze_wq);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(blk_clear_pm_only);

static void blk_free_queue_rcu(struct rcu_head *rcu_head)
{
	struct request_queue *q = container_of(rcu_head,
			struct request_queue, rcu_head);

	percpu_ref_exit(&q->q_usage_counter);
	kmem_cache_free(blk_requestq_cachep, q);
}

static void blk_free_queue(struct request_queue *q)
{
	blk_free_queue_stats(q->stats);
	if (queue_is_mq(q))
		blk_mq_release(q);

	ida_free(&blk_queue_ida, q->id);
	lockdep_unregister_key(&q->io_lock_cls_key);
	lockdep_unregister_key(&q->q_lock_cls_key);
	call_rcu(&q->rcu_head, blk_free_queue_rcu);
}

/**
 * blk_put_queue - decrement the request_queue refcount
 * @q: the request_queue structure to decrement the refcount for
 *
 * Decrements the refcount of the request_queue and free it when the refcount
 * reaches 0.
 */
void blk_put_queue(struct request_queue *q)
{
	if (refcount_dec_and_test(&q->refs))
		blk_free_queue(q);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_put_queue);

bool blk_queue_start_drain(struct request_queue *q)
{
	/*
	 * When queue DYING flag is set, we need to block new req
	 * entering queue, so we call blk_freeze_queue_start() to
	 * prevent I/O from crossing blk_queue_enter().
	 */
	bool freeze = __blk_freeze_queue_start(q, current);
	if (queue_is_mq(q))
		blk_mq_wake_waiters(q);
	/* Make blk_queue_enter() reexamine the DYING flag. */
	wake_up_all(&q->mq_freeze_wq);

	return freeze;
}

/**
 * blk_queue_enter() - try to increase q->q_usage_counter
 * @q: request queue pointer
 * @flags: BLK_MQ_REQ_NOWAIT and/or BLK_MQ_REQ_PM
 */
int blk_queue_enter(struct request_queue *q, blk_mq_req_flags_t flags)
{
	const bool pm = flags & BLK_MQ_REQ_PM;

	while (!blk_try_enter_queue(q, pm)) {
		if (flags & BLK_MQ_REQ_NOWAIT)
			return -EAGAIN;

		/*
		 * read pair of barrier in blk_freeze_queue_start(), we need to
		 * order reading __PERCPU_REF_DEAD flag of .q_usage_counter and
		 * reading .mq_freeze_depth or queue dying flag, otherwise the
		 * following wait may never return if the two reads are
		 * reordered.
		 */
		smp_rmb();
		wait_event(q->mq_freeze_wq,
			   (!q->mq_freeze_depth &&
			    blk_pm_resume_queue(pm, q)) ||
			   blk_queue_dying(q));
		if (blk_queue_dying(q))
			return -ENODEV;
	}

	rwsem_acquire_read(&q->q_lockdep_map, 0, 0, _RET_IP_);
	rwsem_release(&q->q_lockdep_map, _RET_IP_);
	return 0;
}

int __bio_queue_enter(struct request_queue *q, struct bio *bio)
{
	while (!blk_try_enter_queue(q, false)) {
		struct gendisk *disk = bio->bi_bdev->bd_disk;

		if (bio->bi_opf & REQ_NOWAIT) {
			if (test_bit(GD_DEAD, &disk->state))
				goto dead;
			bio_wouldblock_error(bio);
			return -EAGAIN;
		}

		/*
		 * read pair of barrier in blk_freeze_queue_start(), we need to
		 * order reading __PERCPU_REF_DEAD flag of .q_usage_counter and
		 * reading .mq_freeze_depth or queue dying flag, otherwise the
		 * following wait may never return if the two reads are
		 * reordered.
		 */
		smp_rmb();
		wait_event(q->mq_freeze_wq,
			   (!q->mq_freeze_depth &&
			    blk_pm_resume_queue(false, q)) ||
			   test_bit(GD_DEAD, &disk->state));
		if (test_bit(GD_DEAD, &disk->state))
			goto dead;
	}

	rwsem_acquire_read(&q->io_lockdep_map, 0, 0, _RET_IP_);
	rwsem_release(&q->io_lockdep_map, _RET_IP_);
	return 0;
dead:
	bio_io_error(bio);
	return -ENODEV;
}

void blk_queue_exit(struct request_queue *q)
{
	percpu_ref_put(&q->q_usage_counter);
}

static void blk_queue_usage_counter_release(struct percpu_ref *ref)
{
	struct request_queue *q =
		container_of(ref, struct request_queue, q_usage_counter);

	wake_up_all(&q->mq_freeze_wq);
}

static void blk_rq_timed_out_timer(struct timer_list *t)
{
	struct request_queue *q = timer_container_of(q, t, timeout);

	kblockd_schedule_work(&q->timeout_work);
}

static void blk_timeout_work(struct work_struct *work)
{
}

struct request_queue *blk_alloc_queue(struct queue_limits *lim, int node_id)
{
	struct request_queue *q;
	int error;

	q = kmem_cache_alloc_node(blk_requestq_cachep, GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_ZERO,
				  node_id);
	if (!q)
		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);

	q->last_merge = NULL;

	q->id = ida_alloc(&blk_queue_ida, GFP_KERNEL);
	if (q->id < 0) {
		error = q->id;
		goto fail_q;
	}

	q->stats = blk_alloc_queue_stats();
	if (!q->stats) {
		error = -ENOMEM;
		goto fail_id;
	}

	error = blk_set_default_limits(lim);
	if (error)
		goto fail_stats;
	q->limits = *lim;

	q->node = node_id;

	atomic_set(&q->nr_active_requests_shared_tags, 0);

	timer_setup(&q->timeout, blk_rq_timed_out_timer, 0);
	INIT_WORK(&q->timeout_work, blk_timeout_work);
	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&q->icq_list);

	refcount_set(&q->refs, 1);
	mutex_init(&q->debugfs_mutex);
	mutex_init(&q->elevator_lock);
	mutex_init(&q->sysfs_lock);
	mutex_init(&q->limits_lock);
	mutex_init(&q->rq_qos_mutex);
	spin_lock_init(&q->queue_lock);

	init_waitqueue_head(&q->mq_freeze_wq);
	mutex_init(&q->mq_freeze_lock);

	blkg_init_queue(q);

	/*
	 * Init percpu_ref in atomic mode so that it's faster to shutdown.
	 * See blk_register_queue() for details.
	 */
	error = percpu_ref_init(&q->q_usage_counter,
				blk_queue_usage_counter_release,
				PERCPU_REF_INIT_ATOMIC, GFP_KERNEL);
	if (error)
		goto fail_stats;
	lockdep_register_key(&q->io_lock_cls_key);
	lockdep_register_key(&q->q_lock_cls_key);
	lockdep_init_map(&q->io_lockdep_map, "&q->q_usage_counter(io)",
			 &q->io_lock_cls_key, 0);
	lockdep_init_map(&q->q_lockdep_map, "&q->q_usage_counter(queue)",
			 &q->q_lock_cls_key, 0);

	/* Teach lockdep about lock ordering (reclaim WRT queue freeze lock). */
	fs_reclaim_acquire(GFP_KERNEL);
	rwsem_acquire_read(&q->io_lockdep_map, 0, 0, _RET_IP_);
	rwsem_release(&q->io_lockdep_map, _RET_IP_);
	fs_reclaim_release(GFP_KERNEL);

	q->nr_requests = BLKDEV_DEFAULT_RQ;
	q->async_depth = BLKDEV_DEFAULT_RQ;

	return q;

fail_stats:
	blk_free_queue_stats(q->stats);
fail_id:
	ida_free(&blk_queue_ida, q->id);
fail_q:
	kmem_cache_free(blk_requestq_cachep, q);
	return ERR_PTR(error);
}

/**
 * blk_get_queue - increment the request_queue refcount
 * @q: the request_queue structure to increment the refcount for
 *
 * Increment the refcount of the request_queue kobject.
 *
 * Context: Any context.
 */
bool blk_get_queue(struct request_queue *q)
{
	if (unlikely(blk_queue_dying(q)))
		return false;
	refcount_inc(&q->refs);
	return true;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_get_queue);

#ifdef CONFIG_FAIL_MAKE_REQUEST

static DECLARE_FAULT_ATTR(fail_make_request);

static int __init setup_fail_make_request(char *str)
{
	return setup_fault_attr(&fail_make_request, str);
}
__setup("fail_make_request=", setup_fail_make_request);

bool should_fail_request(struct block_device *part, unsigned int bytes)
{
	return bdev_test_flag(part, BD_MAKE_IT_FAIL) &&
	       should_fail(&fail_make_request, bytes);
}

static int __init fail_make_request_debugfs(void)
{
	struct dentry *dir = fault_create_debugfs_attr("fail_make_request",
						NULL, &fail_make_request);

	return PTR_ERR_OR_ZERO(dir);
}

late_initcall(fail_make_request_debugfs);
#endif /* CONFIG_FAIL_MAKE_REQUEST */

static inline void bio_check_ro(struct bio *bio)
{
	if (op_is_write(bio_op(bio)) && bdev_read_only(bio->bi_bdev)) {
		if (op_is_flush(bio->bi_opf) && !bio_sectors(bio))
			return;

		if (bdev_test_flag(bio->bi_bdev, BD_RO_WARNED))
			return;

		bdev_set_flag(bio->bi_bdev, BD_RO_WARNED);

		/*
		 * Use ioctl to set underlying disk of raid/dm to read-only
		 * will trigger this.
		 */
		pr_warn("Trying to write to read-only block-device %pg\n",
			bio->bi_bdev);
	}
}

int should_fail_bio(struct bio *bio)
{
	if (should_fail_request(bdev_whole(bio->bi_bdev), bio->bi_iter.bi_size))
		return -EIO;
	return 0;
}
ALLOW_ERROR_INJECTION(should_fail_bio, ERRNO);

/*
 * Check whether this bio extends beyond the end of the device or partition.
 * This may well happen - the kernel calls bread() without checking the size of
 * the device, e.g., when mounting a file system.
 */
static inline int bio_check_eod(struct bio *bio)
{
	sector_t maxsector = bdev_nr_sectors(bio->bi_bdev);
	unsigned int nr_sectors = bio_sectors(bio);

	if (nr_sectors &&
	    (nr_sectors > maxsector ||
	     bio->bi_iter.bi_sector > maxsector - nr_sectors)) {
		if (!maxsector)
			return -EIO;
		pr_info_ratelimited("%s: attempt to access beyond end of device\n"
				    "%pg: rw=%d, sector=%llu, nr_sectors = %u limit=%llu\n",
				    current->comm, bio->bi_bdev, bio->bi_opf,
				    bio->bi_iter.bi_sector, nr_sectors, maxsector);
		return -EIO;
	}
	return 0;
}

/*
 * Remap block n of partition p to block n+start(p) of the disk.
 */
static int blk_partition_remap(struct bio *bio)
{
	struct block_device *p = bio->bi_bdev;

	if (unlikely(should_fail_request(p, bio->bi_iter.bi_size)))
		return -EIO;
	if (bio_sectors(bio)) {
		bio->bi_iter.bi_sector += p->bd_start_sect;
		trace_block_bio_remap(bio, p->bd_dev,
				      bio->bi_iter.bi_sector -
				      p->bd_start_sect);
	}
	bio_set_flag(bio, BIO_REMAPPED);
	return 0;
}

/*
 * Check write append to a zoned block device.
 */
static inline blk_status_t blk_check_zone_append(struct request_queue *q,
						 struct bio *bio)
{
	int nr_sectors = bio_sectors(bio);

	/* Only applicable to zoned block devices */
	if (!bdev_is_zoned(bio->bi_bdev))
		return BLK_STS_NOTSUPP;

	/* The bio sector must point to the start of a sequential zone */
	if (!bdev_is_zone_start(bio->bi_bdev, bio->bi_iter.bi_sector))
		return BLK_STS_IOERR;

	/*
	 * Not allowed to cross zone boundaries. Otherwise, the BIO will be
	 * split and could result in non-contiguous sectors being written in
	 * different zones.
	 */
	if (nr_sectors > q->limits.chunk_sectors)
		return BLK_STS_IOERR;

	/* Make sure the BIO is small enough and will not get split */
	if (nr_sectors > q->limits.max_zone_append_sectors)
		return BLK_STS_IOERR;

	bio->bi_opf |= REQ_NOMERGE;

	return BLK_STS_OK;
}

static void __submit_bio(struct bio *bio)
{
	if (!bdev_test_flag(bio->bi_bdev, BD_HAS_SUBMIT_BIO)) {
		blk_mq_submit_bio(bio);
	} else if (likely(bio_queue_enter(bio) == 0)) {
		struct gendisk *disk = bio->bi_bdev->bd_disk;

		if ((bio->bi_opf & REQ_POLLED) &&
		    !(disk->queue->limits.features & BLK_FEAT_POLL))
			bio_endio_status(bio, BLK_STS_NOTSUPP);
		else
			disk->fops->submit_bio(bio);
		blk_queue_exit(disk->queue);
	}
}

/*
 * The loop in this function may be a bit non-obvious, and so deserves some
 * explanation:
 *
 *  - Before entering the loop, bio->bi_next is NULL (as all callers ensure
 *    that), so we have a list with a single bio.
 *  - We pretend that we have just taken it off a longer list, so we assign
 *    bio_list to a pointer to the bio_list_on_stack, thus initialising the
 *    bio_list of new bios to be added.  ->submit_bio() may indeed add some more
 *    bios through a recursive call to submit_bio_noacct.  If it did, we find a
 *    non-NULL value in bio_list and re-enter the loop from the top.
 *  - In this case we really did just take the bio off the top of the list (no
 *    pretending) and so remove it from bio_list, and call into ->submit_bio()
 *    again.
 *
 * bio_list_on_stack[0] contains bios submitted by the current ->submit_bio.
 * bio_list_on_stack[1] contains bios that were submitted before the current
 *	->submit_bio(), but that haven't been processed yet.
 */
static void __submit_bio_noacct(struct bio *bio)
{
	struct bio_list bio_list_on_stack[2];

	BUG_ON(bio->bi_next);

	bio_list_init(&bio_list_on_stack[0]);
	current->bio_list = bio_list_on_stack;

	do {
		struct request_queue *q = bdev_get_queue(bio->bi_bdev);
		struct bio_list lower, same;

		/*
		 * Create a fresh bio_list for all subordinate requests.
		 */
		bio_list_on_stack[1] = bio_list_on_stack[0];
		bio_list_init(&bio_list_on_stack[0]);

		__submit_bio(bio);

		/*
		 * Sort new bios into those for a lower level and those for the
		 * same level.
		 */
		bio_list_init(&lower);
		bio_list_init(&same);
		while ((bio = bio_list_pop(&bio_list_on_stack[0])) != NULL)
			if (q == bdev_get_queue(bio->bi_bdev))
				bio_list_add(&same, bio);
			else
				bio_list_add(&lower, bio);

		/*
		 * Now assemble so we handle the lowest level first.
		 */
		bio_list_merge(&bio_list_on_stack[0], &lower);
		bio_list_merge(&bio_list_on_stack[0], &same);
		bio_list_merge(&bio_list_on_stack[0], &bio_list_on_stack[1]);
	} while ((bio = bio_list_pop(&bio_list_on_stack[0])));

	current->bio_list = NULL;
}

static void __submit_bio_noacct_mq(struct bio *bio)
{
	struct bio_list bio_list[2] = { };

	current->bio_list = bio_list;

	do {
		__submit_bio(bio);
	} while ((bio = bio_list_pop(&bio_list[0])));

	current->bio_list = NULL;
}

void submit_bio_noacct_nocheck(struct bio *bio, bool split)
{
	if (unlikely(blk_error_inject(bio)))
		return;

	blk_cgroup_bio_start(bio);

	if (!bio_flagged(bio, BIO_TRACE_COMPLETION)) {
		trace_block_bio_queue(bio);
		/*
		 * Now that enqueuing has been traced, we need to trace
		 * completion as well.
		 */
		bio_set_flag(bio, BIO_TRACE_COMPLETION);
	}

	/*
	 * We only want one ->submit_bio to be active at a time, else stack
	 * usage with stacked devices could be a problem.  Use current->bio_list
	 * to collect a list of requests submitted by a ->submit_bio method
	 * while it is active, and then process them after it returned.
	 */
	if (current->bio_list) {
		if (split)
			bio_list_add_head(&current->bio_list[0], bio);
		else
			bio_list_add(&current->bio_list[0], bio);
	} else if (!bdev_test_flag(bio->bi_bdev, BD_HAS_SUBMIT_BIO)) {
		__submit_bio_noacct_mq(bio);
	} else {
		__submit_bio_noacct(bio);
	}
}

static blk_status_t blk_validate_atomic_write_op_size(struct request_queue *q,
						 struct bio *bio)
{
	if (bio->bi_iter.bi_size > queue_atomic_write_unit_max_bytes(q))
		return BLK_STS_INVAL;

	if (bio->bi_iter.bi_size % queue_atomic_write_unit_min_bytes(q))
		return BLK_STS_INVAL;

	return BLK_STS_OK;
}

/**
 * submit_bio_noacct - re-submit a bio to the block device layer for I/O
 * @bio:  The bio describing the location in memory and on the device.
 *
 * This is a version of submit_bio() that shall only be used for I/O that is
 * resubmitted to lower level drivers by stacking block drivers.  All file
 * systems and other upper level users of the block layer should use
 * submit_bio() instead.
 */
void submit_bio_noacct(struct bio *bio)
{
	struct block_device *bdev = bio->bi_bdev;
	struct request_queue *q = bdev_get_queue(bdev);
	blk_status_t status = BLK_STS_IOERR;

	might_sleep();

	/*
	 * For a REQ_NOWAIT based request, return -EOPNOTSUPP
	 * if queue does not support NOWAIT.
	 */
	if ((bio->bi_opf & REQ_NOWAIT) && !bdev_nowait(bdev))
		goto not_supported;

	if (bio_has_crypt_ctx(bio)) {
		if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!bio_has_data(bio)))
			goto end_io;
		if (!blk_crypto_supported(bio))
			goto not_supported;
	}

	if (should_fail_bio(bio))
		goto end_io;
	bio_check_ro(bio);
	if (!bio_flagged(bio, BIO_REMAPPED)) {
		if (unlikely(bio_check_eod(bio)))
			goto end_io;
		if (bdev_is_partition(bdev) &&
		    unlikely(blk_partition_remap(bio)))
			goto end_io;
	}

	/*
	 * Filter flush bio's early so that bio based drivers without flush
	 * support don't have to worry about them.
	 */
	if (op_is_flush(bio->bi_opf)) {
		if (WARN_ON_ONCE(bio_op(bio) != REQ_OP_WRITE &&
				 bio_op(bio) != REQ_OP_ZONE_APPEND))
			goto end_io;
		if (!bdev_write_cache(bdev)) {
			bio->bi_opf &= ~(REQ_PREFLUSH | REQ_FUA);
			if (!bio_sectors(bio)) {
				status = BLK_STS_OK;
				goto end_io;
			}
		}
	}

	switch (bio_op(bio)) {
	case REQ_OP_READ:
		break;
	case REQ_OP_WRITE:
		if (bio->bi_opf & REQ_ATOMIC) {
			status = blk_validate_atomic_write_op_size(q, bio);
			if (status != BLK_STS_OK)
				goto end_io;
		}
		break;
	case REQ_OP_FLUSH:
		/*
		 * REQ_OP_FLUSH can't be submitted through bios, it is only
		 * synthetized in struct request by the flush state machine.
		 */
		goto not_supported;
	case REQ_OP_DISCARD:
		if (!bdev_max_discard_sectors(bdev))
			goto not_supported;
		break;
	case REQ_OP_SECURE_ERASE:
		if (!bdev_max_secure_erase_sectors(bdev))
			goto not_supported;
		break;
	case REQ_OP_ZONE_APPEND:
		status = blk_check_zone_append(q, bio);
		if (status != BLK_STS_OK)
			goto end_io;
		break;
	case REQ_OP_WRITE_ZEROES:
		if (!q->limits.max_write_zeroes_sectors)
			goto not_supported;
		break;
	case REQ_OP_ZONE_OPEN:
	case REQ_OP_ZONE_CLOSE:
	case REQ_OP_ZONE_RESET:
	case REQ_OP_ZONE_FINISH:
		/* Zone management operations require sequential zones. */
		if (!bdev_zone_is_seq(bio->bi_bdev, bio->bi_iter.bi_sector))
			goto end_io;
		break;
	case REQ_OP_ZONE_RESET_ALL:
		if (!bdev_is_zoned(bio->bi_bdev))
			goto not_supported;
		break;
	case REQ_OP_DRV_IN:
	case REQ_OP_DRV_OUT:
		/*
		 * Driver private operations are only used with passthrough
		 * requests.
		 */
		fallthrough;
	default:
		goto not_supported;
	}

	if (blk_throtl_bio(bio))
		return;
	submit_bio_noacct_nocheck(bio, false);
	return;

not_supported:
	status = BLK_STS_NOTSUPP;
end_io:
	bio_endio_status(bio, status);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(submit_bio_noacct);

static void bio_set_ioprio(struct bio *bio)
{
	/* Nobody set ioprio so far? Initialize it based on task's nice value */
	if (IOPRIO_PRIO_CLASS(bio->bi_ioprio) == IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE)
		bio->bi_ioprio = get_current_ioprio();
	blkcg_set_ioprio(bio);
}

/**
 * submit_bio - submit a bio to the block device layer for I/O
 * @bio: The &struct bio which describes the I/O
 *
 * submit_bio() is used to submit I/O requests to block devices.  It is passed a
 * fully set up &struct bio that describes the I/O that needs to be done.  The
 * bio will be sent to the device described by the bi_bdev field.
 *
 * The success/failure status of the request, along with notification of
 * completion, is delivered asynchronously through the ->bi_end_io() callback
 * in @bio.  The bio must NOT be touched by the caller until ->bi_end_io() has
 * been called.
 */
void submit_bio(struct bio *bio)
{
	if (bio_op(bio) == REQ_OP_READ) {
		task_io_account_read(bio->bi_iter.bi_size);
		count_vm_events(PGPGIN, bio_sectors(bio));
	} else if (bio_op(bio) == REQ_OP_WRITE) {
		count_vm_events(PGPGOUT, bio_sectors(bio));
	}

	bio_set_ioprio(bio);
	submit_bio_noacct(bio);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(submit_bio);

/**
 * bio_poll - poll for BIO completions
 * @bio: bio to poll for
 * @iob: batches of IO
 * @flags: BLK_POLL_* flags that control the behavior
 *
 * Poll for completions on queue associated with the bio. Returns number of
 * completed entries found.
 *
 * Note: the caller must either be the context that submitted @bio, or
 * be in a RCU critical section to prevent freeing of @bio.
 */
int bio_poll(struct bio *bio, struct io_comp_batch *iob, unsigned int flags)
{
	blk_qc_t cookie = READ_ONCE(bio->bi_cookie);
	struct block_device *bdev;
	struct request_queue *q;
	int ret = 0;

	bdev = READ_ONCE(bio->bi_bdev);
	if (!bdev)
		return 0;

	q = bdev_get_queue(bdev);
	if (cookie == BLK_QC_T_NONE)
		return 0;

	blk_flush_plug(current->plug, false);

	/*
	 * We need to be able to enter a frozen queue, similar to how
	 * timeouts also need to do that. If that is blocked, then we can
	 * have pending IO when a queue freeze is started, and then the
	 * wait for the freeze to finish will wait for polled requests to
	 * timeout as the poller is preventer from entering the queue and
	 * completing them. As long as we prevent new IO from being queued,
	 * that should be all that matters.
	 */
	if (!percpu_ref_tryget(&q->q_usage_counter))
		return 0;
	if (queue_is_mq(q)) {
		ret = blk_mq_poll(q, cookie, iob, flags);
	} else {
		struct gendisk *disk = q->disk;

		if ((q->limits.features & BLK_FEAT_POLL) && disk &&
		    disk->fops->poll_bio)
			ret = disk->fops->poll_bio(bio, iob, flags);
	}
	blk_queue_exit(q);
	return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(bio_poll);

/*
 * Helper to implement file_operations.iopoll.  Requires the bio to be stored
 * in iocb->private, and cleared before freeing the bio.
 */
int iocb_bio_iopoll(struct kiocb *kiocb, struct io_comp_batch *iob,
		    unsigned int flags)
{
	struct bio *bio;
	int ret = 0;

	/*
	 * Note: the bio cache only uses SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU, so bio can
	 * point to a freshly allocated bio at this point.  If that happens
	 * we have a few cases to consider:
	 *
	 *  1) the bio is being initialized and bi_bdev is NULL.  We can just
	 *     simply nothing in this case
	 *  2) the bio points to a not poll enabled device.  bio_poll will catch
	 *     this and return 0
	 *  3) the bio points to a poll capable device, including but not
	 *     limited to the one that the original bio pointed to.  In this
	 *     case we will call into the actual poll method and poll for I/O,
	 *     even if we don't need to, but it won't cause harm either.
	 *
	 * For cases 2) and 3) above the RCU grace period ensures that bi_bdev
	 * is still allocated. Because partitions hold a reference to the whole
	 * device bdev and thus disk, the disk is also still valid.  Grabbing
	 * a reference to the queue in bio_poll() ensures the hctxs and requests
	 * are still valid as well.
	 */
	rcu_read_lock();
	bio = READ_ONCE(kiocb->private);
	if (bio)
		ret = bio_poll(bio, iob, flags);
	rcu_read_unlock();

	return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(iocb_bio_iopoll);

void update_io_ticks(struct block_device *part, unsigned long now, bool end)
{
	unsigned long stamp;
again:
	stamp = READ_ONCE(part->bd_stamp);
	if (unlikely(time_after(now, stamp)) &&
	    likely(try_cmpxchg(&part->bd_stamp, &stamp, now)) &&
	    (end || bdev_count_inflight(part)))
		__part_stat_add(part, io_ticks, now - stamp);

	if (bdev_is_partition(part)) {
		part = bdev_whole(part);
		goto again;
	}
}

unsigned long bdev_start_io_acct(struct block_device *bdev, enum req_op op,
				 unsigned long start_time)
{
	part_stat_lock();
	update_io_ticks(bdev, start_time, false);
	bdev_inc_in_flight(bdev, op);
	part_stat_unlock();

	return start_time;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(bdev_start_io_acct);

/**
 * bio_start_io_acct - start I/O accounting for bio based drivers
 * @bio:	bio to start account for
 *
 * Returns the start time that should be passed back to bio_end_io_acct().
 */
unsigned long bio_start_io_acct(struct bio *bio)
{
	return bdev_start_io_acct(bio->bi_bdev, bio_op(bio), jiffies);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(bio_start_io_acct);

void bdev_end_io_acct(struct block_device *bdev, enum req_op op,
		      unsigned int sectors, unsigned long start_time)
{
	const int sgrp = op_stat_group(op);
	unsigned long now = READ_ONCE(jiffies);
	unsigned long duration = now - start_time;

	part_stat_lock();
	update_io_ticks(bdev, now, true);
	part_stat_inc(bdev, ios[sgrp]);
	part_stat_add(bdev, sectors[sgrp], sectors);
	part_stat_add(bdev, nsecs[sgrp], jiffies_to_nsecs(duration));
	bdev_dec_in_flight(bdev, op);
	part_stat_unlock();
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(bdev_end_io_acct);

void bio_end_io_acct_remapped(struct bio *bio, unsigned long start_time,
			      struct block_device *orig_bdev)
{
	bdev_end_io_acct(orig_bdev, bio_op(bio), bio_sectors(bio), start_time);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(bio_end_io_acct_remapped);

/**
 * blk_lld_busy - Check if underlying low-level drivers of a device are busy
 * @q : the queue of the device being checked
 *
 * Description:
 *    Check if underlying low-level drivers of a device are busy.
 *    If the drivers want to export their busy state, they must set own
 *    exporting function using blk_queue_lld_busy() first.
 *
 *    Basically, this function is used only by request stacking drivers
 *    to stop dispatching requests to underlying devices when underlying
 *    devices are busy.  This behavior helps more I/O merging on the queue
 *    of the request stacking driver and prevents I/O throughput regression
 *    on burst I/O load.
 *
 * Return:
 *    0 - Not busy (The request stacking driver should dispatch request)
 *    1 - Busy (The request stacking driver should stop dispatching request)
 */
int blk_lld_busy(struct request_queue *q)
{
	if (queue_is_mq(q) && q->mq_ops->busy)
		return q->mq_ops->busy(q);

	return 0;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(blk_lld_busy);

int kblockd_schedule_work(struct work_struct *work)
{
	return queue_work(kblockd_workqueue, work);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(kblockd_schedule_work);

int kblockd_mod_delayed_work_on(int cpu, struct delayed_work *dwork,
				unsigned long delay)
{
	return mod_delayed_work_on(cpu, kblockd_workqueue, dwork, delay);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(kblockd_mod_delayed_work_on);

void blk_start_plug_nr_ios(struct blk_plug *plug, unsigned short nr_ios)
{
	struct task_struct *tsk = current;

	/*
	 * If this is a nested plug, don't actually assign it.
	 */
	if (tsk->plug)
		return;

	plug->cur_ktime = 0;
	rq_list_init(&plug->mq_list);
	rq_list_init(&plug->cached_rqs);
	plug->nr_ios = min_t(unsigned short, nr_ios, BLK_MAX_REQUEST_COUNT);
	plug->rq_count = 0;
	plug->multiple_queues = false;
	plug->has_elevator = false;
	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&plug->cb_list);

	/*
	 * Store ordering should not be needed here, since a potential
	 * preempt will imply a full memory barrier
	 */
	tsk->plug = plug;
}

/**
 * blk_start_plug - initialize blk_plug and track it inside the task_struct
 * @plug:	The &struct blk_plug that needs to be initialized
 *
 * Description:
 *   blk_start_plug() indicates to the block layer an intent by the caller
 *   to submit multiple I/O requests in a batch.  The block layer may use
 *   this hint to defer submitting I/Os from the caller until blk_finish_plug()
 *   is called.  However, the block layer may choose to submit requests
 *   before a call to blk_finish_plug() if the number of queued I/Os
 *   exceeds %BLK_MAX_REQUEST_COUNT, or if the size of the I/O is larger than
 *   %BLK_PLUG_FLUSH_SIZE.  The queued I/Os may also be submitted early if
 *   the task schedules (see below).
 *
 *   Tracking blk_plug inside the task_struct will help with auto-flushing the
 *   pending I/O should the task end up blocking between blk_start_plug() and
 *   blk_finish_plug(). This is important from a performance perspective, but
 *   also ensures that we don't deadlock. For instance, if the task is blocking
 *   for a memory allocation, memory reclaim could end up wanting to free a
 *   page belonging to that request that is currently residing in our private
 *   plug. By flushing the pending I/O when the process goes to sleep, we avoid
 *   this kind of deadlock.
 */
void blk_start_plug(struct blk_plug *plug)
{
	blk_start_plug_nr_ios(plug, 1);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_start_plug);

static void flush_plug_callbacks(struct blk_plug *plug, bool from_schedule)
{
	LIST_HEAD(callbacks);

	while (!list_empty(&plug->cb_list)) {
		list_splice_init(&plug->cb_list, &callbacks);

		while (!list_empty(&callbacks)) {
			struct blk_plug_cb *cb = list_first_entry(&callbacks,
							  struct blk_plug_cb,
							  list);
			list_del(&cb->list);
			cb->callback(cb, from_schedule);
		}
	}
}

struct blk_plug_cb *blk_check_plugged(blk_plug_cb_fn unplug, void *data,
				      int size)
{
	struct blk_plug *plug = current->plug;
	struct blk_plug_cb *cb;

	if (!plug)
		return NULL;

	list_for_each_entry(cb, &plug->cb_list, list)
		if (cb->callback == unplug && cb->data == data)
			return cb;

	/* Not currently on the callback list */
	BUG_ON(size < sizeof(*cb));
	cb = kzalloc(size, GFP_ATOMIC);
	if (cb) {
		cb->data = data;
		cb->callback = unplug;
		list_add(&cb->list, &plug->cb_list);
	}
	return cb;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_check_plugged);

void __blk_flush_plug(struct blk_plug *plug, bool from_schedule)
{
	if (!list_empty(&plug->cb_list))
		flush_plug_callbacks(plug, from_schedule);
	blk_mq_flush_plug_list(plug, from_schedule);
	/*
	 * Unconditionally flush out cached requests, even if the unplug
	 * event came from schedule. Since we know hold references to the
	 * queue for cached requests, we don't want a blocked task holding
	 * up a queue freeze/quiesce event.
	 */
	if (unlikely(!rq_list_empty(&plug->cached_rqs)))
		blk_mq_free_plug_rqs(plug);

	plug->cur_ktime = 0;
	current->flags &= ~PF_BLOCK_TS;
}

/**
 * blk_finish_plug - mark the end of a batch of submitted I/O
 * @plug:	The &struct blk_plug passed to blk_start_plug()
 *
 * Description:
 * Indicate that a batch of I/O submissions is complete.  This function
 * must be paired with an initial call to blk_start_plug().  The intent
 * is to allow the block layer to optimize I/O submission.  See the
 * documentation for blk_start_plug() for more information.
 */
void blk_finish_plug(struct blk_plug *plug)
{
	if (plug == current->plug) {
		__blk_flush_plug(plug, false);
		current->plug = NULL;
	}
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_finish_plug);

void blk_io_schedule(void)
{
	/* Prevent hang_check timer from firing at us during very long I/O */
	unsigned long timeout = sysctl_hung_task_timeout_secs * HZ / 2;

	if (timeout)
		io_schedule_timeout(timeout);
	else
		io_schedule();
}

int __init blk_dev_init(void)
{
	BUILD_BUG_ON((__force u32)REQ_OP_LAST >= (1 << REQ_OP_BITS));
	BUILD_BUG_ON(REQ_OP_BITS + REQ_FLAG_BITS > 8 *
			sizeof_field(struct request, cmd_flags));
	BUILD_BUG_ON(REQ_OP_BITS + REQ_FLAG_BITS > 8 *
			sizeof_field(struct bio, bi_opf));

	/* used for unplugging and affects IO latency/throughput - HIGHPRI */
	kblockd_workqueue = alloc_workqueue("kblockd",
					    WQ_MEM_RECLAIM | WQ_HIGHPRI | WQ_PERCPU, 0);
	if (!kblockd_workqueue)
		panic("Failed to create kblockd\n");

	blk_requestq_cachep = KMEM_CACHE(request_queue, SLAB_PANIC);

	blk_debugfs_root = debugfs_create_dir("block", NULL);

	return 0;
}