xref: /linux/arch/s390/kernel/perf_cpum_sf.c (revision bf4afc53b77aeaa48b5409da5c8da6bb4eff7f43)

// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
/*
 * Performance event support for the System z CPU-measurement Sampling Facility
 *
 * Copyright IBM Corp. 2013, 2018
 * Author(s): Hendrik Brueckner <brueckner@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
 */
#define pr_fmt(fmt) "cpum_sf: " fmt

#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/kernel_stat.h>
#include <linux/perf_event.h>
#include <linux/percpu.h>
#include <linux/pid.h>
#include <linux/notifier.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/moduleparam.h>
#include <asm/cpu_mf.h>
#include <asm/irq.h>
#include <asm/debug.h>
#include <asm/timex.h>
#include <linux/io.h>

/* Perf PMU definitions for the sampling facility */
#define PERF_CPUM_SF_MAX_CTR		2
#define PERF_EVENT_CPUM_SF		0xB0000UL /* Event: Basic-sampling */
#define PERF_EVENT_CPUM_SF_DIAG		0xBD000UL /* Event: Combined-sampling */
#define PERF_CPUM_SF_BASIC_MODE		0x0001	  /* Basic-sampling flag */
#define PERF_CPUM_SF_DIAG_MODE		0x0002	  /* Diagnostic-sampling flag */
#define PERF_CPUM_SF_FREQ_MODE		0x0008	  /* Sampling with frequency */

#define OVERFLOW_REG(hwc)	((hwc)->extra_reg.config)
#define SFB_ALLOC_REG(hwc)	((hwc)->extra_reg.alloc)
#define TEAR_REG(hwc)		((hwc)->last_tag)
#define SAMPL_RATE(hwc)		((hwc)->event_base)
#define SAMPL_FLAGS(hwc)	((hwc)->config_base)
#define SAMPL_DIAG_MODE(hwc)	(SAMPL_FLAGS(hwc) & PERF_CPUM_SF_DIAG_MODE)
#define SAMPL_FREQ_MODE(hwc)	(SAMPL_FLAGS(hwc) & PERF_CPUM_SF_FREQ_MODE)

/* Minimum number of sample-data-block-tables:
 * At least one table is required for the sampling buffer structure.
 * A single table contains up to 511 pointers to sample-data-blocks.
 */
#define CPUM_SF_MIN_SDBT	1

/* Number of sample-data-blocks per sample-data-block-table (SDBT):
 * A table contains SDB pointers (8 bytes) and one table-link entry
 * that points to the origin of the next SDBT.
 */
#define CPUM_SF_SDB_PER_TABLE	((PAGE_SIZE - 8) / 8)

/* Maximum page offset for an SDBT table-link entry:
 * If this page offset is reached, a table-link entry to the next SDBT
 * must be added.
 */
#define CPUM_SF_SDBT_TL_OFFSET	(CPUM_SF_SDB_PER_TABLE * 8)
static inline int require_table_link(const void *sdbt)
{
	return ((unsigned long)sdbt & ~PAGE_MASK) == CPUM_SF_SDBT_TL_OFFSET;
}

/* Minimum and maximum sampling buffer sizes:
 *
 * This number represents the maximum size of the sampling buffer taking
 * the number of sample-data-block-tables into account.  Note that these
 * numbers apply to the basic-sampling function only.
 * The maximum number of SDBs is increased by CPUM_SF_SDB_DIAG_FACTOR if
 * the diagnostic-sampling function is active.
 *
 * Sampling buffer size		Buffer characteristics
 * ---------------------------------------------------
 *	 64KB		    ==	  16 pages (4KB per page)
 *				   1 page  for SDB-tables
 *				  15 pages for SDBs
 *
 *  32MB		    ==	8192 pages (4KB per page)
 *				  16 pages for SDB-tables
 *				8176 pages for SDBs
 */
static unsigned long __read_mostly CPUM_SF_MIN_SDB = 15;
static unsigned long __read_mostly CPUM_SF_MAX_SDB = 8176;
static unsigned long __read_mostly CPUM_SF_SDB_DIAG_FACTOR = 1;

struct sf_buffer {
	unsigned long	 *sdbt;	    /* Sample-data-block-table origin */
	/* buffer characteristics (required for buffer increments) */
	unsigned long  num_sdb;	    /* Number of sample-data-blocks */
	unsigned long num_sdbt;	    /* Number of sample-data-block-tables */
	unsigned long	 *tail;	    /* last sample-data-block-table */
};

struct aux_buffer {
	struct sf_buffer sfb;
	unsigned long head;	   /* index of SDB of buffer head */
	unsigned long alert_mark;  /* index of SDB of alert request position */
	unsigned long empty_mark;  /* mark of SDB not marked full */
	unsigned long *sdb_index;  /* SDB address for fast lookup */
	unsigned long *sdbt_index; /* SDBT address for fast lookup */
};

struct cpu_hw_sf {
	/* CPU-measurement sampling information block */
	struct hws_qsi_info_block qsi;
	/* CPU-measurement sampling control block */
	struct hws_lsctl_request_block lsctl;
	struct sf_buffer sfb;	    /* Sampling buffer */
	unsigned int flags;	    /* Status flags */
	struct perf_event *event;   /* Scheduled perf event */
	struct perf_output_handle handle; /* AUX buffer output handle */
};
static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct cpu_hw_sf, cpu_hw_sf);

/* Debug feature */
static debug_info_t *sfdbg;

/* Sampling control helper functions */
static inline unsigned long freq_to_sample_rate(struct hws_qsi_info_block *qsi,
						unsigned long freq)
{
	return (USEC_PER_SEC / freq) * qsi->cpu_speed;
}

static inline unsigned long sample_rate_to_freq(struct hws_qsi_info_block *qsi,
						unsigned long rate)
{
	return USEC_PER_SEC * qsi->cpu_speed / rate;
}

/* Return pointer to trailer entry of an sample data block */
static inline struct hws_trailer_entry *trailer_entry_ptr(unsigned long v)
{
	void *ret;

	ret = (void *)v;
	ret += PAGE_SIZE;
	ret -= sizeof(struct hws_trailer_entry);

	return ret;
}

/*
 * Return true if the entry in the sample data block table (sdbt)
 * is a link to the next sdbt
 */
static inline int is_link_entry(unsigned long *s)
{
	return *s & 0x1UL ? 1 : 0;
}

/* Return pointer to the linked sdbt */
static inline unsigned long *get_next_sdbt(unsigned long *s)
{
	return phys_to_virt(*s & ~0x1UL);
}

/*
 * sf_disable() - Switch off sampling facility
 */
static void sf_disable(void)
{
	struct hws_lsctl_request_block sreq;

	memset(&sreq, 0, sizeof(sreq));
	lsctl(&sreq);
}

/*
 * sf_buffer_available() - Check for an allocated sampling buffer
 */
static int sf_buffer_available(struct cpu_hw_sf *cpuhw)
{
	return !!cpuhw->sfb.sdbt;
}

/*
 * deallocate sampling facility buffer
 */
static void free_sampling_buffer(struct sf_buffer *sfb)
{
	unsigned long *sdbt, *curr, *head;

	sdbt = sfb->sdbt;
	if (!sdbt)
		return;
	sfb->sdbt = NULL;
	/* Free the SDBT after all SDBs are processed... */
	head = sdbt;
	curr = sdbt;
	do {
		if (is_link_entry(curr)) {
			/* Process table-link entries */
			curr = get_next_sdbt(curr);
			free_page((unsigned long)sdbt);
			sdbt = curr;
		} else {
			/* Process SDB pointer */
			free_page((unsigned long)phys_to_virt(*curr));
			curr++;
		}
	} while (curr != head);
	memset(sfb, 0, sizeof(*sfb));
}

static int alloc_sample_data_block(unsigned long *sdbt, gfp_t gfp_flags)
{
	struct hws_trailer_entry *te;
	unsigned long sdb;

	/* Allocate and initialize sample-data-block */
	sdb = get_zeroed_page(gfp_flags);
	if (!sdb)
		return -ENOMEM;
	te = trailer_entry_ptr(sdb);
	te->header.a = 1;

	/* Link SDB into the sample-data-block-table */
	*sdbt = virt_to_phys((void *)sdb);

	return 0;
}

/*
 * realloc_sampling_buffer() - extend sampler memory
 *
 * Allocates new sample-data-blocks and adds them to the specified sampling
 * buffer memory.
 *
 * Important: This modifies the sampling buffer and must be called when the
 *	      sampling facility is disabled.
 *
 * Returns zero on success, non-zero otherwise.
 */
static int realloc_sampling_buffer(struct sf_buffer *sfb,
				   unsigned long num_sdb, gfp_t gfp_flags)
{
	int i, rc;
	unsigned long *new, *tail, *tail_prev = NULL;

	if (!sfb->sdbt || !sfb->tail)
		return -EINVAL;

	if (!is_link_entry(sfb->tail))
		return -EINVAL;

	/* Append to the existing sampling buffer, overwriting the table-link
	 * register.
	 * The tail variables always points to the "tail" (last and table-link)
	 * entry in an SDB-table.
	 */
	tail = sfb->tail;

	/* Do a sanity check whether the table-link entry points to
	 * the sampling buffer origin.
	 */
	if (sfb->sdbt != get_next_sdbt(tail)) {
		debug_sprintf_event(sfdbg, 3, "%s buffer not linked origin %#lx tail %#lx\n",
				    __func__, (unsigned long)sfb->sdbt,
				    (unsigned long)tail);
		return -EINVAL;
	}

	/* Allocate remaining SDBs */
	rc = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < num_sdb; i++) {
		/* Allocate a new SDB-table if it is full. */
		if (require_table_link(tail)) {
			new = (unsigned long *)get_zeroed_page(gfp_flags);
			if (!new) {
				rc = -ENOMEM;
				break;
			}
			sfb->num_sdbt++;
			/* Link current page to tail of chain */
			*tail = virt_to_phys((void *)new) + 1;
			tail_prev = tail;
			tail = new;
		}

		/* Allocate a new sample-data-block.
		 * If there is not enough memory, stop the realloc process
		 * and simply use what was allocated.  If this is a temporary
		 * issue, a new realloc call (if required) might succeed.
		 */
		rc = alloc_sample_data_block(tail, gfp_flags);
		if (rc) {
			/* Undo last SDBT. An SDBT with no SDB at its first
			 * entry but with an SDBT entry instead can not be
			 * handled by the interrupt handler code.
			 * Avoid this situation.
			 */
			if (tail_prev) {
				sfb->num_sdbt--;
				free_page((unsigned long)new);
				tail = tail_prev;
			}
			break;
		}
		sfb->num_sdb++;
		tail++;
		tail_prev = new = NULL;	/* Allocated at least one SBD */
	}

	/* Link sampling buffer to its origin */
	*tail = virt_to_phys(sfb->sdbt) + 1;
	sfb->tail = tail;

	return rc;
}

/*
 * allocate_sampling_buffer() - allocate sampler memory
 *
 * Allocates and initializes a sampling buffer structure using the
 * specified number of sample-data-blocks (SDB).  For each allocation,
 * a 4K page is used.  The number of sample-data-block-tables (SDBT)
 * are calculated from SDBs.
 * Also set the ALERT_REQ mask in each SDBs trailer.
 *
 * Returns zero on success, non-zero otherwise.
 */
static int alloc_sampling_buffer(struct sf_buffer *sfb, unsigned long num_sdb)
{
	int rc;

	if (sfb->sdbt)
		return -EINVAL;

	/* Allocate the sample-data-block-table origin */
	sfb->sdbt = (unsigned long *)get_zeroed_page(GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!sfb->sdbt)
		return -ENOMEM;
	sfb->num_sdb = 0;
	sfb->num_sdbt = 1;

	/* Link the table origin to point to itself to prepare for
	 * realloc_sampling_buffer() invocation.
	 */
	sfb->tail = sfb->sdbt;
	*sfb->tail = virt_to_phys((void *)sfb->sdbt) + 1;

	/* Allocate requested number of sample-data-blocks */
	rc = realloc_sampling_buffer(sfb, num_sdb, GFP_KERNEL);
	if (rc)
		free_sampling_buffer(sfb);
	return rc;
}

static void sfb_set_limits(unsigned long min, unsigned long max)
{
	struct hws_qsi_info_block si;

	CPUM_SF_MIN_SDB = min;
	CPUM_SF_MAX_SDB = max;

	memset(&si, 0, sizeof(si));
	qsi(&si);
	CPUM_SF_SDB_DIAG_FACTOR = DIV_ROUND_UP(si.dsdes, si.bsdes);
}

static unsigned long sfb_max_limit(struct hw_perf_event *hwc)
{
	return SAMPL_DIAG_MODE(hwc) ? CPUM_SF_MAX_SDB * CPUM_SF_SDB_DIAG_FACTOR
				    : CPUM_SF_MAX_SDB;
}

static unsigned long sfb_pending_allocs(struct sf_buffer *sfb,
					struct hw_perf_event *hwc)
{
	if (!sfb->sdbt)
		return SFB_ALLOC_REG(hwc);
	if (SFB_ALLOC_REG(hwc) > sfb->num_sdb)
		return SFB_ALLOC_REG(hwc) - sfb->num_sdb;
	return 0;
}

static void sfb_account_allocs(unsigned long num, struct hw_perf_event *hwc)
{
	/* Limit the number of SDBs to not exceed the maximum */
	num = min_t(unsigned long, num, sfb_max_limit(hwc) - SFB_ALLOC_REG(hwc));
	if (num)
		SFB_ALLOC_REG(hwc) += num;
}

static void sfb_init_allocs(unsigned long num, struct hw_perf_event *hwc)
{
	SFB_ALLOC_REG(hwc) = 0;
	sfb_account_allocs(num, hwc);
}

static void deallocate_buffers(struct cpu_hw_sf *cpuhw)
{
	if (sf_buffer_available(cpuhw))
		free_sampling_buffer(&cpuhw->sfb);
}

static int allocate_buffers(struct cpu_hw_sf *cpuhw, struct hw_perf_event *hwc)
{
	unsigned long n_sdb, freq;

	/* Calculate sampling buffers using 4K pages
	 *
	 *    1. The sampling size is 32 bytes for basic sampling. This size
	 *	 is the same for all machine types. Diagnostic
	 *	 sampling uses auxlilary data buffer setup which provides the
	 *	 memory for SDBs using linux common code auxiliary trace
	 *	 setup.
	 *
	 *    2. Function alloc_sampling_buffer() sets the Alert Request
	 *	 Control indicator to trigger a measurement-alert to harvest
	 *	 sample-data-blocks (SDB). This is done per SDB. This
	 *	 measurement alert interrupt fires quick enough to handle
	 *	 one SDB, on very high frequency and work loads there might
	 *	 be 2 to 3 SBDs available for sample processing.
	 *	 Currently there is no need for setup alert request on every
	 *	 n-th page. This is counterproductive as one IRQ triggers
	 *	 a very high number of samples to be processed at one IRQ.
	 *
	 *    3. Use the sampling frequency as input.
	 *	 Compute the number of SDBs and ensure a minimum
	 *	 of CPUM_SF_MIN_SDB.  Depending on frequency add some more
	 *	 SDBs to handle a higher sampling rate.
	 *	 Use a minimum of CPUM_SF_MIN_SDB and allow for 100 samples
	 *	 (one SDB) for every 10000 HZ frequency increment.
	 *
	 *    4. Compute the number of sample-data-block-tables (SDBT) and
	 *	 ensure a minimum of CPUM_SF_MIN_SDBT (one table can manage up
	 *	 to 511 SDBs).
	 */
	freq = sample_rate_to_freq(&cpuhw->qsi, SAMPL_RATE(hwc));
	n_sdb = CPUM_SF_MIN_SDB + DIV_ROUND_UP(freq, 10000);

	/* If there is already a sampling buffer allocated, it is very likely
	 * that the sampling facility is enabled too.  If the event to be
	 * initialized requires a greater sampling buffer, the allocation must
	 * be postponed.  Changing the sampling buffer requires the sampling
	 * facility to be in the disabled state.  So, account the number of
	 * required SDBs and let cpumsf_pmu_enable() resize the buffer just
	 * before the event is started.
	 */
	sfb_init_allocs(n_sdb, hwc);
	if (sf_buffer_available(cpuhw))
		return 0;

	return alloc_sampling_buffer(&cpuhw->sfb,
				     sfb_pending_allocs(&cpuhw->sfb, hwc));
}

static unsigned long min_percent(unsigned int percent, unsigned long base,
				 unsigned long min)
{
	return min_t(unsigned long, min, DIV_ROUND_UP(percent * base, 100));
}

static unsigned long compute_sfb_extent(unsigned long ratio, unsigned long base)
{
	/* Use a percentage-based approach to extend the sampling facility
	 * buffer.  Accept up to 5% sample data loss.
	 * Vary the extents between 1% to 5% of the current number of
	 * sample-data-blocks.
	 */
	if (ratio <= 5)
		return 0;
	if (ratio <= 25)
		return min_percent(1, base, 1);
	if (ratio <= 50)
		return min_percent(1, base, 1);
	if (ratio <= 75)
		return min_percent(2, base, 2);
	if (ratio <= 100)
		return min_percent(3, base, 3);
	if (ratio <= 250)
		return min_percent(4, base, 4);

	return min_percent(5, base, 8);
}

static void sfb_account_overflows(struct cpu_hw_sf *cpuhw,
				  struct hw_perf_event *hwc)
{
	unsigned long ratio, num;

	if (!OVERFLOW_REG(hwc))
		return;

	/* The sample_overflow contains the average number of sample data
	 * that has been lost because sample-data-blocks were full.
	 *
	 * Calculate the total number of sample data entries that has been
	 * discarded.  Then calculate the ratio of lost samples to total samples
	 * per second in percent.
	 */
	ratio = DIV_ROUND_UP(100 * OVERFLOW_REG(hwc) * cpuhw->sfb.num_sdb,
			     sample_rate_to_freq(&cpuhw->qsi, SAMPL_RATE(hwc)));

	/* Compute number of sample-data-blocks */
	num = compute_sfb_extent(ratio, cpuhw->sfb.num_sdb);
	if (num)
		sfb_account_allocs(num, hwc);

	OVERFLOW_REG(hwc) = 0;
}

/* extend_sampling_buffer() - Extend sampling buffer
 * @sfb:	Sampling buffer structure (for local CPU)
 * @hwc:	Perf event hardware structure
 *
 * Use this function to extend the sampling buffer based on the overflow counter
 * and postponed allocation extents stored in the specified Perf event hardware.
 *
 * Important: This function disables the sampling facility in order to safely
 *	      change the sampling buffer structure.  Do not call this function
 *	      when the PMU is active.
 */
static void extend_sampling_buffer(struct sf_buffer *sfb,
				   struct hw_perf_event *hwc)
{
	unsigned long num;

	num = sfb_pending_allocs(sfb, hwc);
	if (!num)
		return;

	/* Disable the sampling facility to reset any states and also
	 * clear pending measurement alerts.
	 */
	sf_disable();

	/* Extend the sampling buffer.
	 * This memory allocation typically happens in an atomic context when
	 * called by perf.  Because this is a reallocation, it is fine if the
	 * new SDB-request cannot be satisfied immediately.
	 */
	realloc_sampling_buffer(sfb, num, GFP_ATOMIC);
}

/* Number of perf events counting hardware events */
static refcount_t num_events;
/* Used to avoid races in calling reserve/release_cpumf_hardware */
static DEFINE_MUTEX(pmc_reserve_mutex);

#define PMC_INIT      0
#define PMC_RELEASE   1
static void setup_pmc_cpu(void *flags)
{
	struct cpu_hw_sf *cpuhw = this_cpu_ptr(&cpu_hw_sf);

	sf_disable();
	switch (*((int *)flags)) {
	case PMC_INIT:
		memset(cpuhw, 0, sizeof(*cpuhw));
		qsi(&cpuhw->qsi);
		cpuhw->flags |= PMU_F_RESERVED;
		break;
	case PMC_RELEASE:
		cpuhw->flags &= ~PMU_F_RESERVED;
		deallocate_buffers(cpuhw);
		break;
	}
}

static void release_pmc_hardware(void)
{
	int flags = PMC_RELEASE;

	irq_subclass_unregister(IRQ_SUBCLASS_MEASUREMENT_ALERT);
	on_each_cpu(setup_pmc_cpu, &flags, 1);
}

static void reserve_pmc_hardware(void)
{
	int flags = PMC_INIT;

	on_each_cpu(setup_pmc_cpu, &flags, 1);
	irq_subclass_register(IRQ_SUBCLASS_MEASUREMENT_ALERT);
}

static void hw_perf_event_destroy(struct perf_event *event)
{
	/* Release PMC if this is the last perf event */
	if (refcount_dec_and_mutex_lock(&num_events, &pmc_reserve_mutex)) {
		release_pmc_hardware();
		mutex_unlock(&pmc_reserve_mutex);
	}
}

static void hw_init_period(struct hw_perf_event *hwc, u64 period)
{
	hwc->sample_period = period;
	hwc->last_period = hwc->sample_period;
	local64_set(&hwc->period_left, hwc->sample_period);
}

static unsigned long hw_limit_rate(const struct hws_qsi_info_block *si,
				   unsigned long rate)
{
	return clamp_t(unsigned long, rate,
		       si->min_sampl_rate, si->max_sampl_rate);
}

static u32 cpumsf_pid_type(struct perf_event *event,
			   u32 pid, enum pid_type type)
{
	struct task_struct *tsk;

	/* Idle process */
	if (!pid)
		goto out;

	tsk = find_task_by_pid_ns(pid, &init_pid_ns);
	pid = -1;
	if (tsk) {
		/*
		 * Only top level events contain the pid namespace in which
		 * they are created.
		 */
		if (event->parent)
			event = event->parent;
		pid = __task_pid_nr_ns(tsk, type, event->ns);
		/*
		 * See also 1d953111b648
		 * "perf/core: Don't report zero PIDs for exiting tasks".
		 */
		if (!pid && !pid_alive(tsk))
			pid = -1;
	}
out:
	return pid;
}

static void cpumsf_output_event_pid(struct perf_event *event,
				    struct perf_sample_data *data,
				    struct pt_regs *regs)
{
	u32 pid;
	struct perf_event_header header;
	struct perf_output_handle handle;

	/*
	 * Obtain the PID from the basic-sampling data entry and
	 * correct the data->tid_entry.pid value.
	 */
	pid = data->tid_entry.pid;

	/* Protect callchain buffers, tasks */
	rcu_read_lock();

	perf_prepare_sample(data, event, regs);
	perf_prepare_header(&header, data, event, regs);
	if (perf_output_begin(&handle, data, event, header.size))
		goto out;

	/* Update the process ID (see also kernel/events/core.c) */
	data->tid_entry.pid = cpumsf_pid_type(event, pid, PIDTYPE_TGID);
	data->tid_entry.tid = cpumsf_pid_type(event, pid, PIDTYPE_PID);

	perf_output_sample(&handle, &header, data, event);
	perf_output_end(&handle);
out:
	rcu_read_unlock();
}

static unsigned long getrate(bool freq, unsigned long sample,
			     struct hws_qsi_info_block *si)
{
	unsigned long rate;

	if (freq) {
		rate = freq_to_sample_rate(si, sample);
		rate = hw_limit_rate(si, rate);
	} else {
		/* The min/max sampling rates specifies the valid range
		 * of sample periods.  If the specified sample period is
		 * out of range, limit the period to the range boundary.
		 */
		rate = hw_limit_rate(si, sample);

		/* The perf core maintains a maximum sample rate that is
		 * configurable through the sysctl interface.  Ensure the
		 * sampling rate does not exceed this value.  This also helps
		 * to avoid throttling when pushing samples with
		 * perf_event_overflow().
		 */
		if (sample_rate_to_freq(si, rate) >
		    sysctl_perf_event_sample_rate) {
			rate = 0;
		}
	}
	return rate;
}

/* The sampling information (si) contains information about the
 * min/max sampling intervals and the CPU speed.  So calculate the
 * correct sampling interval and avoid the whole period adjust
 * feedback loop.
 *
 * Since the CPU Measurement sampling facility can not handle frequency
 * calculate the sampling interval when frequency is specified using
 * this formula:
 *	interval := cpu_speed * 1000000 / sample_freq
 *
 * Returns errno on bad input and zero on success with parameter interval
 * set to the correct sampling rate.
 *
 * Note: This function turns off freq bit to avoid calling function
 * perf_adjust_period(). This causes frequency adjustment in the common
 * code part which causes tremendous variations in the counter values.
 */
static int __hw_perf_event_init_rate(struct perf_event *event,
				     struct hws_qsi_info_block *si)
{
	struct perf_event_attr *attr = &event->attr;
	struct hw_perf_event *hwc = &event->hw;
	unsigned long rate;

	if (attr->freq) {
		if (!attr->sample_freq)
			return -EINVAL;
		rate = getrate(attr->freq, attr->sample_freq, si);
		attr->freq = 0;		/* Don't call  perf_adjust_period() */
		SAMPL_FLAGS(hwc) |= PERF_CPUM_SF_FREQ_MODE;
	} else {
		rate = getrate(attr->freq, attr->sample_period, si);
		if (!rate)
			return -EINVAL;
	}
	attr->sample_period = rate;
	SAMPL_RATE(hwc) = rate;
	hw_init_period(hwc, SAMPL_RATE(hwc));
	return 0;
}

static int __hw_perf_event_init(struct perf_event *event)
{
	struct cpu_hw_sf *cpuhw;
	struct hws_qsi_info_block si;
	struct perf_event_attr *attr = &event->attr;
	struct hw_perf_event *hwc = &event->hw;
	int cpu, err = 0;

	/* Reserve CPU-measurement sampling facility */
	mutex_lock(&pmc_reserve_mutex);
	if (!refcount_inc_not_zero(&num_events)) {
		reserve_pmc_hardware();
		refcount_set(&num_events, 1);
	}
	event->destroy = hw_perf_event_destroy;

	/* Access per-CPU sampling information (query sampling info) */
	/*
	 * The event->cpu value can be -1 to count on every CPU, for example,
	 * when attaching to a task.  If this is specified, use the query
	 * sampling info from the current CPU, otherwise use event->cpu to
	 * retrieve the per-CPU information.
	 * Later, cpuhw indicates whether to allocate sampling buffers for a
	 * particular CPU (cpuhw!=NULL) or each online CPU (cpuw==NULL).
	 */
	memset(&si, 0, sizeof(si));
	cpuhw = NULL;
	if (event->cpu == -1) {
		qsi(&si);
	} else {
		/* Event is pinned to a particular CPU, retrieve the per-CPU
		 * sampling structure for accessing the CPU-specific QSI.
		 */
		cpuhw = &per_cpu(cpu_hw_sf, event->cpu);
		si = cpuhw->qsi;
	}

	/* Check sampling facility authorization and, if not authorized,
	 * fall back to other PMUs.  It is safe to check any CPU because
	 * the authorization is identical for all configured CPUs.
	 */
	if (!si.as) {
		err = -ENOENT;
		goto out;
	}

	if (si.ribm & CPU_MF_SF_RIBM_NOTAV) {
		pr_warn("CPU Measurement Facility sampling is temporarily not available\n");
		err = -EBUSY;
		goto out;
	}

	/* Always enable basic sampling */
	SAMPL_FLAGS(hwc) = PERF_CPUM_SF_BASIC_MODE;

	/* Check if diagnostic sampling is requested.  Deny if the required
	 * sampling authorization is missing.
	 */
	if (attr->config == PERF_EVENT_CPUM_SF_DIAG) {
		if (!si.ad) {
			err = -EPERM;
			goto out;
		}
		SAMPL_FLAGS(hwc) |= PERF_CPUM_SF_DIAG_MODE;
	}

	err =  __hw_perf_event_init_rate(event, &si);
	if (err)
		goto out;

	/* Use AUX buffer. No need to allocate it by ourself */
	if (attr->config == PERF_EVENT_CPUM_SF_DIAG)
		goto out;

	/* Allocate the per-CPU sampling buffer using the CPU information
	 * from the event.  If the event is not pinned to a particular
	 * CPU (event->cpu == -1; or cpuhw == NULL), allocate sampling
	 * buffers for each online CPU.
	 */
	if (cpuhw)
		/* Event is pinned to a particular CPU */
		err = allocate_buffers(cpuhw, hwc);
	else {
		/* Event is not pinned, allocate sampling buffer on
		 * each online CPU
		 */
		for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
			cpuhw = &per_cpu(cpu_hw_sf, cpu);
			err = allocate_buffers(cpuhw, hwc);
			if (err)
				break;
		}
	}

	/* If PID/TID sampling is active, replace the default overflow
	 * handler to extract and resolve the PIDs from the basic-sampling
	 * data entries.
	 */
	if (event->attr.sample_type & PERF_SAMPLE_TID)
		if (is_default_overflow_handler(event))
			event->overflow_handler = cpumsf_output_event_pid;
out:
	mutex_unlock(&pmc_reserve_mutex);
	return err;
}

static bool is_callchain_event(struct perf_event *event)
{
	u64 sample_type = event->attr.sample_type;

	return sample_type & (PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN | PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_USER |
			      PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_INTR | PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER);
}

static int cpumsf_pmu_event_init(struct perf_event *event)
{
	int err;

	/* No support for taken branch sampling */
	/* No support for callchain, stacks and registers */
	if (has_branch_stack(event) || is_callchain_event(event))
		return -EOPNOTSUPP;

	switch (event->attr.type) {
	case PERF_TYPE_RAW:
		if ((event->attr.config != PERF_EVENT_CPUM_SF) &&
		    (event->attr.config != PERF_EVENT_CPUM_SF_DIAG))
			return -ENOENT;
		break;
	case PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE:
		/* Support sampling of CPU cycles in addition to the
		 * counter facility.  However, the counter facility
		 * is more precise and, hence, restrict this PMU to
		 * sampling events only.
		 */
		if (event->attr.config != PERF_COUNT_HW_CPU_CYCLES)
			return -ENOENT;
		if (!is_sampling_event(event))
			return -ENOENT;
		break;
	default:
		return -ENOENT;
	}

	/* Force reset of idle/hv excludes regardless of what the
	 * user requested.
	 */
	if (event->attr.exclude_hv)
		event->attr.exclude_hv = 0;
	if (event->attr.exclude_idle)
		event->attr.exclude_idle = 0;

	err = __hw_perf_event_init(event);
	return err;
}

static void cpumsf_pmu_enable(struct pmu *pmu)
{
	struct cpu_hw_sf *cpuhw = this_cpu_ptr(&cpu_hw_sf);
	struct hw_perf_event *hwc;
	int err;

	/*
	 * Event must be
	 * - added/started on this CPU (PMU_F_IN_USE set)
	 * - and CPU must be available (PMU_F_RESERVED set)
	 * - and not already enabled (PMU_F_ENABLED not set)
	 * - and not in error condition (PMU_F_ERR_MASK not set)
	 */
	if (cpuhw->flags != (PMU_F_IN_USE | PMU_F_RESERVED))
		return;

	/* Check whether to extent the sampling buffer.
	 *
	 * Two conditions trigger an increase of the sampling buffer for a
	 * perf event:
	 *    1. Postponed buffer allocations from the event initialization.
	 *    2. Sampling overflows that contribute to pending allocations.
	 *
	 * Note that the extend_sampling_buffer() function disables the sampling
	 * facility, but it can be fully re-enabled using sampling controls that
	 * have been saved in cpumsf_pmu_disable().
	 */
	hwc = &cpuhw->event->hw;
	if (!(SAMPL_DIAG_MODE(hwc))) {
		/*
		 * Account number of overflow-designated buffer extents
		 */
		sfb_account_overflows(cpuhw, hwc);
		extend_sampling_buffer(&cpuhw->sfb, hwc);
	}
	/* Rate may be adjusted with ioctl() */
	cpuhw->lsctl.interval = SAMPL_RATE(hwc);

	/* (Re)enable the PMU and sampling facility */
	err = lsctl(&cpuhw->lsctl);
	if (err) {
		pr_err("Loading sampling controls failed: op 1 err %i\n", err);
		return;
	}

	/* Load current program parameter */
	lpp(&get_lowcore()->lpp);
	cpuhw->flags |= PMU_F_ENABLED;
}

static void cpumsf_pmu_disable(struct pmu *pmu)
{
	struct cpu_hw_sf *cpuhw = this_cpu_ptr(&cpu_hw_sf);
	struct hws_lsctl_request_block inactive;
	struct hws_qsi_info_block si;
	int err;

	if (!(cpuhw->flags & PMU_F_ENABLED))
		return;

	if (cpuhw->flags & PMU_F_ERR_MASK)
		return;

	/* Switch off sampling activation control */
	inactive = cpuhw->lsctl;
	inactive.cs = 0;
	inactive.cd = 0;

	err = lsctl(&inactive);
	if (err) {
		pr_err("Loading sampling controls failed: op 2 err %i\n", err);
		return;
	}

	/*
	 * Save state of TEAR and DEAR register contents.
	 * TEAR/DEAR values are valid only if the sampling facility is
	 * enabled.  Note that cpumsf_pmu_disable() might be called even
	 * for a disabled sampling facility because cpumsf_pmu_enable()
	 * controls the enable/disable state.
	 */
	qsi(&si);
	if (si.es) {
		cpuhw->lsctl.tear = si.tear;
		cpuhw->lsctl.dear = si.dear;
	}

	cpuhw->flags &= ~PMU_F_ENABLED;
}

/* perf_event_exclude() - Filter event
 * @event:	The perf event
 * @regs:	pt_regs structure
 * @sde_regs:	Sample-data-entry (sde) regs structure
 *
 * Filter perf events according to their exclude specification.
 *
 * Return non-zero if the event shall be excluded.
 */
static int perf_event_exclude(struct perf_event *event, struct pt_regs *regs,
			      struct perf_sf_sde_regs *sde_regs)
{
	if (event->attr.exclude_user && user_mode(regs))
		return 1;
	if (event->attr.exclude_kernel && !user_mode(regs))
		return 1;
	if (event->attr.exclude_guest && sde_regs->in_guest)
		return 1;
	if (event->attr.exclude_host && !sde_regs->in_guest)
		return 1;
	return 0;
}

/* perf_push_sample() - Push samples to perf
 * @event:	The perf event
 * @sample:	Hardware sample data
 *
 * Use the hardware sample data to create perf event sample.  The sample
 * is the pushed to the event subsystem and the function checks for
 * possible event overflows.  If an event overflow occurs, the PMU is
 * stopped.
 *
 * Return non-zero if an event overflow occurred.
 */
static int perf_push_sample(struct perf_event *event,
			    struct hws_basic_entry *basic)
{
	int overflow;
	struct pt_regs regs;
	struct perf_sf_sde_regs *sde_regs;
	struct perf_sample_data data;

	/* Setup perf sample */
	perf_sample_data_init(&data, 0, event->hw.last_period);

	/* Setup pt_regs to look like an CPU-measurement external interrupt
	 * using the Program Request Alert code.  The regs.int_parm_long
	 * field which is unused contains additional sample-data-entry related
	 * indicators.
	 */
	memset(&regs, 0, sizeof(regs));
	regs.int_code = 0x1407;
	regs.int_parm = CPU_MF_INT_SF_PRA;
	sde_regs = (struct perf_sf_sde_regs *) &regs.int_parm_long;

	psw_bits(regs.psw).ia	= basic->ia;
	psw_bits(regs.psw).dat	= basic->T;
	psw_bits(regs.psw).wait = basic->W;
	psw_bits(regs.psw).pstate = basic->P;
	psw_bits(regs.psw).as	= basic->AS;

	/*
	 * Use the hardware provided configuration level to decide if the
	 * sample belongs to a guest or host. If that is not available,
	 * fall back to the following heuristics:
	 * A non-zero guest program parameter always indicates a guest
	 * sample. Some early samples or samples from guests without
	 * lpp usage would be misaccounted to the host. We use the asn
	 * value as an addon heuristic to detect most of these guest samples.
	 * If the value differs from 0xffff (the host value), we assume to
	 * be a KVM guest.
	 */
	switch (basic->CL) {
	case 1: /* logical partition */
		sde_regs->in_guest = 0;
		break;
	case 2: /* virtual machine */
		sde_regs->in_guest = 1;
		break;
	default: /* old machine, use heuristics */
		if (basic->gpp || basic->prim_asn != 0xffff)
			sde_regs->in_guest = 1;
		break;
	}

	/*
	 * Store the PID value from the sample-data-entry to be
	 * processed and resolved by cpumsf_output_event_pid().
	 */
	data.tid_entry.pid = basic->hpp & LPP_PID_MASK;

	overflow = 0;
	if (perf_event_exclude(event, &regs, sde_regs))
		goto out;
	overflow = perf_event_overflow(event, &data, &regs);
	perf_event_update_userpage(event);
out:
	return overflow;
}

static void perf_event_count_update(struct perf_event *event, u64 count)
{
	local64_add(count, &event->count);
}

/* hw_collect_samples() - Walk through a sample-data-block and collect samples
 * @event:	The perf event
 * @sdbt:	Sample-data-block table
 * @overflow:	Event overflow counter
 *
 * Walks through a sample-data-block and collects sampling data entries that are
 * then pushed to the perf event subsystem.  Depending on the sampling function,
 * there can be either basic-sampling or combined-sampling data entries.  A
 * combined-sampling data entry consists of a basic- and a diagnostic-sampling
 * data entry.	The sampling function is determined by the flags in the perf
 * event hardware structure.  The function always works with a combined-sampling
 * data entry but ignores the diagnostic portion if it is not available.
 *
 * Note that the implementation focuses on basic-sampling data entries and, if
 * such an entry is not valid, the entire combined-sampling data entry is
 * ignored.
 *
 * The overflow variables counts the number of samples that has been discarded
 * due to a perf event overflow.
 */
static void hw_collect_samples(struct perf_event *event, unsigned long *sdbt,
			       unsigned long long *overflow)
{
	struct hws_trailer_entry *te;
	struct hws_basic_entry *sample;

	te = trailer_entry_ptr((unsigned long)sdbt);
	sample = (struct hws_basic_entry *)sdbt;
	while ((unsigned long *)sample < (unsigned long *)te) {
		/* Check for an empty sample */
		if (!sample->def || sample->LS)
			break;

		/* Update perf event period */
		perf_event_count_update(event, SAMPL_RATE(&event->hw));

		/* Check whether sample is valid */
		if (sample->def == 0x0001) {
			/* If an event overflow occurred, the PMU is stopped to
			 * throttle event delivery.  Remaining sample data is
			 * discarded.
			 */
			if (!*overflow) {
				/* Check whether sample is consistent */
				if (sample->I == 0 && sample->W == 0) {
					/* Deliver sample data to perf */
					*overflow = perf_push_sample(event,
								     sample);
				}
			} else
				/* Count discarded samples */
				*overflow += 1;
		} else {
			/* Sample slot is not yet written or other record.
			 *
			 * This condition can occur if the buffer was reused
			 * from a combined basic- and diagnostic-sampling.
			 * If only basic-sampling is then active, entries are
			 * written into the larger diagnostic entries.
			 * This is typically the case for sample-data-blocks
			 * that are not full.  Stop processing if the first
			 * invalid format was detected.
			 */
			if (!te->header.f)
				break;
		}

		/* Reset sample slot and advance to next sample */
		sample->def = 0;
		sample++;
	}
}

/* hw_perf_event_update() - Process sampling buffer
 * @event:	The perf event
 * @flush_all:	Flag to also flush partially filled sample-data-blocks
 *
 * Processes the sampling buffer and create perf event samples.
 * The sampling buffer position are retrieved and saved in the TEAR_REG
 * register of the specified perf event.
 *
 * Only full sample-data-blocks are processed.	Specify the flush_all flag
 * to also walk through partially filled sample-data-blocks.
 */
static void hw_perf_event_update(struct perf_event *event, int flush_all)
{
	unsigned long long event_overflow, sampl_overflow, num_sdb;
	struct hw_perf_event *hwc = &event->hw;
	union hws_trailer_header prev, new;
	struct hws_trailer_entry *te;
	unsigned long *sdbt, sdb;
	int done;

	/*
	 * AUX buffer is used when in diagnostic sampling mode.
	 * No perf events/samples are created.
	 */
	if (SAMPL_DIAG_MODE(hwc))
		return;

	sdbt = (unsigned long *)TEAR_REG(hwc);
	done = event_overflow = sampl_overflow = num_sdb = 0;
	while (!done) {
		/* Get the trailer entry of the sample-data-block */
		sdb = (unsigned long)phys_to_virt(*sdbt);
		te = trailer_entry_ptr(sdb);

		/* Leave loop if no more work to do (block full indicator) */
		if (!te->header.f) {
			done = 1;
			if (!flush_all)
				break;
		}

		/* Check the sample overflow count */
		if (te->header.overflow)
			/* Account sample overflows and, if a particular limit
			 * is reached, extend the sampling buffer.
			 * For details, see sfb_account_overflows().
			 */
			sampl_overflow += te->header.overflow;

		/* Collect all samples from a single sample-data-block and
		 * flag if an (perf) event overflow happened.  If so, the PMU
		 * is stopped and remaining samples will be discarded.
		 */
		hw_collect_samples(event, (unsigned long *)sdb, &event_overflow);
		num_sdb++;

		/* Reset trailer (using compare-double-and-swap) */
		prev.val = READ_ONCE_ALIGNED_128(te->header.val);
		do {
			new.val = prev.val;
			new.f = 0;
			new.a = 1;
			new.overflow = 0;
		} while (!try_cmpxchg128(&te->header.val, &prev.val, new.val));

		/* Advance to next sample-data-block */
		sdbt++;
		if (is_link_entry(sdbt))
			sdbt = get_next_sdbt(sdbt);

		/* Update event hardware registers */
		TEAR_REG(hwc) = (unsigned long)sdbt;

		/* Stop processing sample-data if all samples of the current
		 * sample-data-block were flushed even if it was not full.
		 */
		if (flush_all && done)
			break;
	}

	/* Account sample overflows in the event hardware structure */
	if (sampl_overflow)
		OVERFLOW_REG(hwc) = DIV_ROUND_UP(OVERFLOW_REG(hwc) +
						 sampl_overflow, 1 + num_sdb);

	/* Perf_event_overflow() and perf_event_account_interrupt() limit
	 * the interrupt rate to an upper limit. Roughly 1000 samples per
	 * task tick.
	 * Hitting this limit results in a large number
	 * of throttled REF_REPORT_THROTTLE entries and the samples
	 * are dropped.
	 * Slightly increase the interval to avoid hitting this limit.
	 */
	if (event_overflow)
		SAMPL_RATE(hwc) += DIV_ROUND_UP(SAMPL_RATE(hwc), 10);
}

static inline unsigned long aux_sdb_index(struct aux_buffer *aux,
					  unsigned long i)
{
	return i % aux->sfb.num_sdb;
}

static inline unsigned long aux_sdb_num(unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
{
	return end >= start ? end - start + 1 : 0;
}

static inline unsigned long aux_sdb_num_alert(struct aux_buffer *aux)
{
	return aux_sdb_num(aux->head, aux->alert_mark);
}

static inline unsigned long aux_sdb_num_empty(struct aux_buffer *aux)
{
	return aux_sdb_num(aux->head, aux->empty_mark);
}

/*
 * Get trailer entry by index of SDB.
 */
static struct hws_trailer_entry *aux_sdb_trailer(struct aux_buffer *aux,
						 unsigned long index)
{
	unsigned long sdb;

	index = aux_sdb_index(aux, index);
	sdb = aux->sdb_index[index];
	return trailer_entry_ptr(sdb);
}

/*
 * Finish sampling on the cpu. Called by cpumsf_pmu_del() with pmu
 * disabled. Collect the full SDBs in AUX buffer which have not reached
 * the point of alert indicator. And ignore the SDBs which are not
 * full.
 *
 * 1. Scan SDBs to see how much data is there and consume them.
 * 2. Remove alert indicator in the buffer.
 */
static void aux_output_end(struct perf_output_handle *handle)
{
	unsigned long i, range_scan, idx;
	struct aux_buffer *aux;
	struct hws_trailer_entry *te;

	aux = perf_get_aux(handle);
	if (!aux)
		return;

	range_scan = aux_sdb_num_alert(aux);
	for (i = 0, idx = aux->head; i < range_scan; i++, idx++) {
		te = aux_sdb_trailer(aux, idx);
		if (!te->header.f)
			break;
	}
	/* i is num of SDBs which are full */
	perf_aux_output_end(handle, i << PAGE_SHIFT);

	/* Remove alert indicators in the buffer */
	te = aux_sdb_trailer(aux, aux->alert_mark);
	te->header.a = 0;
}

/*
 * Start sampling on the CPU. Called by cpumsf_pmu_add() when an event
 * is first added to the CPU or rescheduled again to the CPU. It is called
 * with pmu disabled.
 *
 * 1. Reset the trailer of SDBs to get ready for new data.
 * 2. Tell the hardware where to put the data by reset the SDBs buffer
 *    head(tear/dear).
 */
static int aux_output_begin(struct perf_output_handle *handle,
			    struct aux_buffer *aux,
			    struct cpu_hw_sf *cpuhw)
{
	unsigned long range, i, range_scan, idx, head, base, offset;
	struct hws_trailer_entry *te;

	if (handle->head & ~PAGE_MASK)
		return -EINVAL;

	aux->head = handle->head >> PAGE_SHIFT;
	range = (handle->size + 1) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
	if (range <= 1)
		return -ENOMEM;

	/*
	 * SDBs between aux->head and aux->empty_mark are already ready
	 * for new data. range_scan is num of SDBs not within them.
	 */
	if (range > aux_sdb_num_empty(aux)) {
		range_scan = range - aux_sdb_num_empty(aux);
		idx = aux->empty_mark + 1;
		for (i = 0; i < range_scan; i++, idx++) {
			te = aux_sdb_trailer(aux, idx);
			te->header.f = 0;
			te->header.a = 0;
			te->header.overflow = 0;
		}
		/* Save the position of empty SDBs */
		aux->empty_mark = aux->head + range - 1;
	}

	/* Set alert indicator */
	aux->alert_mark = aux->head + range/2 - 1;
	te = aux_sdb_trailer(aux, aux->alert_mark);
	te->header.a = 1;

	/* Reset hardware buffer head */
	head = aux_sdb_index(aux, aux->head);
	base = aux->sdbt_index[head / CPUM_SF_SDB_PER_TABLE];
	offset = head % CPUM_SF_SDB_PER_TABLE;
	cpuhw->lsctl.tear = virt_to_phys((void *)base) + offset * sizeof(unsigned long);
	cpuhw->lsctl.dear = virt_to_phys((void *)aux->sdb_index[head]);

	return 0;
}

/*
 * Set alert indicator on SDB at index @alert_index while sampler is running.
 *
 * Return true if successfully.
 * Return false if full indicator is already set by hardware sampler.
 */
static bool aux_set_alert(struct aux_buffer *aux, unsigned long alert_index,
			  unsigned long long *overflow)
{
	union hws_trailer_header prev, new;
	struct hws_trailer_entry *te;

	te = aux_sdb_trailer(aux, alert_index);
	prev.val = READ_ONCE_ALIGNED_128(te->header.val);
	do {
		new.val = prev.val;
		*overflow = prev.overflow;
		if (prev.f) {
			/*
			 * SDB is already set by hardware.
			 * Abort and try to set somewhere
			 * behind.
			 */
			return false;
		}
		new.a = 1;
		new.overflow = 0;
	} while (!try_cmpxchg128(&te->header.val, &prev.val, new.val));
	return true;
}

/*
 * aux_reset_buffer() - Scan and setup SDBs for new samples
 * @aux:	The AUX buffer to set
 * @range:	The range of SDBs to scan started from aux->head
 * @overflow:	Set to overflow count
 *
 * Set alert indicator on the SDB at index of aux->alert_mark. If this SDB is
 * marked as empty, check if it is already set full by the hardware sampler.
 * If yes, that means new data is already there before we can set an alert
 * indicator. Caller should try to set alert indicator to some position behind.
 *
 * Scan the SDBs in AUX buffer from behind aux->empty_mark. They are used
 * previously and have already been consumed by user space. Reset these SDBs
 * (clear full indicator and alert indicator) for new data.
 * If aux->alert_mark fall in this area, just set it. Overflow count is
 * recorded while scanning.
 *
 * SDBs between aux->head and aux->empty_mark are already reset at last time.
 * and ready for new samples. So scanning on this area could be skipped.
 *
 * Return true if alert indicator is set successfully and false if not.
 */
static bool aux_reset_buffer(struct aux_buffer *aux, unsigned long range,
			     unsigned long long *overflow)
{
	union hws_trailer_header prev, new;
	unsigned long i, range_scan, idx;
	unsigned long long orig_overflow;
	struct hws_trailer_entry *te;

	if (range <= aux_sdb_num_empty(aux))
		/*
		 * No need to scan. All SDBs in range are marked as empty.
		 * Just set alert indicator. Should check race with hardware
		 * sampler.
		 */
		return aux_set_alert(aux, aux->alert_mark, overflow);

	if (aux->alert_mark <= aux->empty_mark)
		/*
		 * Set alert indicator on empty SDB. Should check race
		 * with hardware sampler.
		 */
		if (!aux_set_alert(aux, aux->alert_mark, overflow))
			return false;

	/*
	 * Scan the SDBs to clear full and alert indicator used previously.
	 * Start scanning from one SDB behind empty_mark. If the new alert
	 * indicator fall into this range, set it.
	 */
	range_scan = range - aux_sdb_num_empty(aux);
	idx = aux->empty_mark + 1;
	for (i = 0; i < range_scan; i++, idx++) {
		te = aux_sdb_trailer(aux, idx);
		prev.val = READ_ONCE_ALIGNED_128(te->header.val);
		do {
			new.val = prev.val;
			orig_overflow = prev.overflow;
			new.f = 0;
			new.overflow = 0;
			if (idx == aux->alert_mark)
				new.a = 1;
			else
				new.a = 0;
		} while (!try_cmpxchg128(&te->header.val, &prev.val, new.val));
		*overflow += orig_overflow;
	}

	/* Update empty_mark to new position */
	aux->empty_mark = aux->head + range - 1;

	return true;
}

/*
 * Measurement alert handler for diagnostic mode sampling.
 */
static void hw_collect_aux(struct cpu_hw_sf *cpuhw)
{
	struct aux_buffer *aux;
	int done = 0;
	unsigned long range = 0, size;
	unsigned long long overflow = 0;
	struct perf_output_handle *handle = &cpuhw->handle;
	unsigned long num_sdb;

	aux = perf_get_aux(handle);
	if (!aux)
		return;

	/* Inform user space new data arrived */
	size = aux_sdb_num_alert(aux) << PAGE_SHIFT;
	debug_sprintf_event(sfdbg, 6, "%s #alert %ld\n", __func__,
			    size >> PAGE_SHIFT);
	perf_aux_output_end(handle, size);

	num_sdb = aux->sfb.num_sdb;
	while (!done) {
		/* Get an output handle */
		aux = perf_aux_output_begin(handle, cpuhw->event);
		if (handle->size == 0) {
			pr_err("The AUX buffer with %lu pages for the "
			       "diagnostic-sampling mode is full\n",
				num_sdb);
			break;
		}
		if (!aux)
			return;

		/* Update head and alert_mark to new position */
		aux->head = handle->head >> PAGE_SHIFT;
		range = (handle->size + 1) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
		if (range == 1)
			aux->alert_mark = aux->head;
		else
			aux->alert_mark = aux->head + range/2 - 1;

		if (aux_reset_buffer(aux, range, &overflow)) {
			if (!overflow) {
				done = 1;
				break;
			}
			size = range << PAGE_SHIFT;
			perf_aux_output_end(&cpuhw->handle, size);
			pr_err("Sample data caused the AUX buffer with %lu "
			       "pages to overflow\n", aux->sfb.num_sdb);
		} else {
			size = aux_sdb_num_alert(aux) << PAGE_SHIFT;
			perf_aux_output_end(&cpuhw->handle, size);
		}
	}
}

/*
 * Callback when freeing AUX buffers.
 */
static void aux_buffer_free(void *data)
{
	struct aux_buffer *aux = data;
	unsigned long i, num_sdbt;

	if (!aux)
		return;

	/* Free SDBT. SDB is freed by the caller */
	num_sdbt = aux->sfb.num_sdbt;
	for (i = 0; i < num_sdbt; i++)
		free_page(aux->sdbt_index[i]);

	kfree(aux->sdbt_index);
	kfree(aux->sdb_index);
	kfree(aux);
}

static void aux_sdb_init(unsigned long sdb)
{
	struct hws_trailer_entry *te;

	te = trailer_entry_ptr(sdb);

	/* Save clock base */
	te->clock_base = 1;
	te->progusage2 = tod_clock_base.tod;
}

/*
 * aux_buffer_setup() - Setup AUX buffer for diagnostic mode sampling
 * @event:	Event the buffer is setup for, event->cpu == -1 means current
 * @pages:	Array of pointers to buffer pages passed from perf core
 * @nr_pages:	Total pages
 * @snapshot:	Flag for snapshot mode
 *
 * This is the callback when setup an event using AUX buffer. Perf tool can
 * trigger this by an additional mmap() call on the event. Unlike the buffer
 * for basic samples, AUX buffer belongs to the event. It is scheduled with
 * the task among online cpus when it is a per-thread event.
 *
 * Return the private AUX buffer structure if success or NULL if fails.
 */
static void *aux_buffer_setup(struct perf_event *event, void **pages,
			      int nr_pages, bool snapshot)
{
	struct sf_buffer *sfb;
	struct aux_buffer *aux;
	unsigned long *new, *tail;
	int i, n_sdbt;

	if (!nr_pages || !pages)
		return NULL;

	if (nr_pages > CPUM_SF_MAX_SDB * CPUM_SF_SDB_DIAG_FACTOR) {
		pr_err("AUX buffer size (%i pages) is larger than the "
		       "maximum sampling buffer limit\n",
		       nr_pages);
		return NULL;
	} else if (nr_pages < CPUM_SF_MIN_SDB * CPUM_SF_SDB_DIAG_FACTOR) {
		pr_err("AUX buffer size (%i pages) is less than the "
		       "minimum sampling buffer limit\n",
		       nr_pages);
		return NULL;
	}

	/* Allocate aux_buffer struct for the event */
	aux = kzalloc_obj(struct aux_buffer);
	if (!aux)
		goto no_aux;
	sfb = &aux->sfb;

	/* Allocate sdbt_index for fast reference */
	n_sdbt = DIV_ROUND_UP(nr_pages, CPUM_SF_SDB_PER_TABLE);
	aux->sdbt_index = kmalloc_array(n_sdbt, sizeof(void *), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!aux->sdbt_index)
		goto no_sdbt_index;

	/* Allocate sdb_index for fast reference */
	aux->sdb_index = kmalloc_array(nr_pages, sizeof(void *), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!aux->sdb_index)
		goto no_sdb_index;

	/* Allocate the first SDBT */
	sfb->num_sdbt = 0;
	sfb->sdbt = (unsigned long *)get_zeroed_page(GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!sfb->sdbt)
		goto no_sdbt;
	aux->sdbt_index[sfb->num_sdbt++] = (unsigned long)sfb->sdbt;
	tail = sfb->tail = sfb->sdbt;

	/*
	 * Link the provided pages of AUX buffer to SDBT.
	 * Allocate SDBT if needed.
	 */
	for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++, tail++) {
		if (require_table_link(tail)) {
			new = (unsigned long *)get_zeroed_page(GFP_KERNEL);
			if (!new)
				goto no_sdbt;
			aux->sdbt_index[sfb->num_sdbt++] = (unsigned long)new;
			/* Link current page to tail of chain */
			*tail = virt_to_phys(new) + 1;
			tail = new;
		}
		/* Tail is the entry in a SDBT */
		*tail = virt_to_phys(pages[i]);
		aux->sdb_index[i] = (unsigned long)pages[i];
		aux_sdb_init((unsigned long)pages[i]);
	}
	sfb->num_sdb = nr_pages;

	/* Link the last entry in the SDBT to the first SDBT */
	*tail = virt_to_phys(sfb->sdbt) + 1;
	sfb->tail = tail;

	/*
	 * Initial all SDBs are zeroed. Mark it as empty.
	 * So there is no need to clear the full indicator
	 * when this event is first added.
	 */
	aux->empty_mark = sfb->num_sdb - 1;

	return aux;

no_sdbt:
	/* SDBs (AUX buffer pages) are freed by caller */
	for (i = 0; i < sfb->num_sdbt; i++)
		free_page(aux->sdbt_index[i]);
	kfree(aux->sdb_index);
no_sdb_index:
	kfree(aux->sdbt_index);
no_sdbt_index:
	kfree(aux);
no_aux:
	return NULL;
}

static void cpumsf_pmu_read(struct perf_event *event)
{
	/* Nothing to do ... updates are interrupt-driven */
}

/* Check if the new sampling period/frequency is appropriate.
 *
 * Return non-zero on error and zero on passed checks.
 */
static int cpumsf_pmu_check_period(struct perf_event *event, u64 value)
{
	struct hws_qsi_info_block si;
	unsigned long rate;
	bool do_freq;

	memset(&si, 0, sizeof(si));
	if (event->cpu == -1) {
		qsi(&si);
	} else {
		/* Event is pinned to a particular CPU, retrieve the per-CPU
		 * sampling structure for accessing the CPU-specific QSI.
		 */
		struct cpu_hw_sf *cpuhw = &per_cpu(cpu_hw_sf, event->cpu);

		si = cpuhw->qsi;
	}

	do_freq = !!SAMPL_FREQ_MODE(&event->hw);
	rate = getrate(do_freq, value, &si);
	if (!rate)
		return -EINVAL;

	event->attr.sample_period = rate;
	SAMPL_RATE(&event->hw) = rate;
	hw_init_period(&event->hw, SAMPL_RATE(&event->hw));
	return 0;
}

/* Activate sampling control.
 * Next call of pmu_enable() starts sampling.
 */
static void cpumsf_pmu_start(struct perf_event *event, int flags)
{
	struct cpu_hw_sf *cpuhw = this_cpu_ptr(&cpu_hw_sf);

	if (!(event->hw.state & PERF_HES_STOPPED))
		return;
	perf_pmu_disable(event->pmu);
	event->hw.state = 0;
	cpuhw->lsctl.cs = 1;
	if (SAMPL_DIAG_MODE(&event->hw))
		cpuhw->lsctl.cd = 1;
	perf_pmu_enable(event->pmu);
}

/* Deactivate sampling control.
 * Next call of pmu_enable() stops sampling.
 */
static void cpumsf_pmu_stop(struct perf_event *event, int flags)
{
	struct cpu_hw_sf *cpuhw = this_cpu_ptr(&cpu_hw_sf);

	if (event->hw.state & PERF_HES_STOPPED)
		return;

	perf_pmu_disable(event->pmu);
	cpuhw->lsctl.cs = 0;
	cpuhw->lsctl.cd = 0;
	event->hw.state |= PERF_HES_STOPPED;

	if ((flags & PERF_EF_UPDATE) && !(event->hw.state & PERF_HES_UPTODATE)) {
		/* CPU hotplug off removes SDBs. No samples to extract. */
		if (cpuhw->flags & PMU_F_RESERVED)
			hw_perf_event_update(event, 1);
		event->hw.state |= PERF_HES_UPTODATE;
	}
	perf_pmu_enable(event->pmu);
}

static int cpumsf_pmu_add(struct perf_event *event, int flags)
{
	struct cpu_hw_sf *cpuhw = this_cpu_ptr(&cpu_hw_sf);
	struct aux_buffer *aux;
	int err = 0;

	if (cpuhw->flags & PMU_F_IN_USE)
		return -EAGAIN;

	if (!SAMPL_DIAG_MODE(&event->hw) && !sf_buffer_available(cpuhw))
		return -EINVAL;

	perf_pmu_disable(event->pmu);

	event->hw.state = PERF_HES_UPTODATE | PERF_HES_STOPPED;

	/* Set up sampling controls.  Always program the sampling register
	 * using the SDB-table start.  Reset TEAR_REG event hardware register
	 * that is used by hw_perf_event_update() to store the sampling buffer
	 * position after samples have been flushed.
	 */
	cpuhw->lsctl.s = 0;
	cpuhw->lsctl.h = 1;
	cpuhw->lsctl.interval = SAMPL_RATE(&event->hw);
	if (!SAMPL_DIAG_MODE(&event->hw)) {
		cpuhw->lsctl.tear = virt_to_phys(cpuhw->sfb.sdbt);
		cpuhw->lsctl.dear = *(unsigned long *)cpuhw->sfb.sdbt;
		TEAR_REG(&event->hw) = (unsigned long)cpuhw->sfb.sdbt;
	}

	/* Ensure sampling functions are in the disabled state.  If disabled,
	 * switch on sampling enable control. */
	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(cpuhw->lsctl.es == 1 || cpuhw->lsctl.ed == 1)) {
		err = -EAGAIN;
		goto out;
	}
	if (SAMPL_DIAG_MODE(&event->hw)) {
		aux = perf_aux_output_begin(&cpuhw->handle, event);
		if (!aux) {
			err = -EINVAL;
			goto out;
		}
		err = aux_output_begin(&cpuhw->handle, aux, cpuhw);
		if (err)
			goto out;
		cpuhw->lsctl.ed = 1;
	}
	cpuhw->lsctl.es = 1;

	/* Set in_use flag and store event */
	cpuhw->event = event;
	cpuhw->flags |= PMU_F_IN_USE;

	if (flags & PERF_EF_START)
		cpumsf_pmu_start(event, PERF_EF_RELOAD);
out:
	perf_event_update_userpage(event);
	perf_pmu_enable(event->pmu);
	return err;
}

static void cpumsf_pmu_del(struct perf_event *event, int flags)
{
	struct cpu_hw_sf *cpuhw = this_cpu_ptr(&cpu_hw_sf);

	perf_pmu_disable(event->pmu);
	cpumsf_pmu_stop(event, PERF_EF_UPDATE);

	cpuhw->lsctl.es = 0;
	cpuhw->lsctl.ed = 0;
	cpuhw->flags &= ~PMU_F_IN_USE;
	cpuhw->event = NULL;

	if (SAMPL_DIAG_MODE(&event->hw))
		aux_output_end(&cpuhw->handle);
	perf_event_update_userpage(event);
	perf_pmu_enable(event->pmu);
}

CPUMF_EVENT_ATTR(SF, SF_CYCLES_BASIC, PERF_EVENT_CPUM_SF);
CPUMF_EVENT_ATTR(SF, SF_CYCLES_BASIC_DIAG, PERF_EVENT_CPUM_SF_DIAG);

/* Attribute list for CPU_SF.
 *
 * The availablitiy depends on the CPU_MF sampling facility authorization
 * for basic + diagnositic samples. This is determined at initialization
 * time by the sampling facility device driver.
 * If the authorization for basic samples is turned off, it should be
 * also turned off for diagnostic sampling.
 *
 * During initialization of the device driver, check the authorization
 * level for diagnostic sampling and installs the attribute
 * file for diagnostic sampling if necessary.
 *
 * For now install a placeholder to reference all possible attributes:
 * SF_CYCLES_BASIC and SF_CYCLES_BASIC_DIAG.
 * Add another entry for the final NULL pointer.
 */
enum {
	SF_CYCLES_BASIC_ATTR_IDX = 0,
	SF_CYCLES_BASIC_DIAG_ATTR_IDX,
	SF_CYCLES_ATTR_MAX
};

static struct attribute *cpumsf_pmu_events_attr[SF_CYCLES_ATTR_MAX + 1] = {
	[SF_CYCLES_BASIC_ATTR_IDX] = CPUMF_EVENT_PTR(SF, SF_CYCLES_BASIC)
};

PMU_FORMAT_ATTR(event, "config:0-63");

static struct attribute *cpumsf_pmu_format_attr[] = {
	&format_attr_event.attr,
	NULL,
};

static struct attribute_group cpumsf_pmu_events_group = {
	.name = "events",
	.attrs = cpumsf_pmu_events_attr,
};

static struct attribute_group cpumsf_pmu_format_group = {
	.name = "format",
	.attrs = cpumsf_pmu_format_attr,
};

static const struct attribute_group *cpumsf_pmu_attr_groups[] = {
	&cpumsf_pmu_events_group,
	&cpumsf_pmu_format_group,
	NULL,
};

static struct pmu cpumf_sampling = {
	.pmu_enable   = cpumsf_pmu_enable,
	.pmu_disable  = cpumsf_pmu_disable,

	.event_init   = cpumsf_pmu_event_init,
	.add	      = cpumsf_pmu_add,
	.del	      = cpumsf_pmu_del,

	.start	      = cpumsf_pmu_start,
	.stop	      = cpumsf_pmu_stop,
	.read	      = cpumsf_pmu_read,

	.attr_groups  = cpumsf_pmu_attr_groups,

	.setup_aux    = aux_buffer_setup,
	.free_aux     = aux_buffer_free,

	.check_period = cpumsf_pmu_check_period,
};

static void cpumf_measurement_alert(struct ext_code ext_code,
				    unsigned int alert, unsigned long unused)
{
	struct cpu_hw_sf *cpuhw;

	if (!(alert & CPU_MF_INT_SF_MASK))
		return;
	inc_irq_stat(IRQEXT_CMS);
	cpuhw = this_cpu_ptr(&cpu_hw_sf);

	/* Measurement alerts are shared and might happen when the PMU
	 * is not reserved.  Ignore these alerts in this case. */
	if (!(cpuhw->flags & PMU_F_RESERVED))
		return;

	/* The processing below must take care of multiple alert events that
	 * might be indicated concurrently. */

	/* Program alert request */
	if (alert & CPU_MF_INT_SF_PRA) {
		if (cpuhw->flags & PMU_F_IN_USE) {
			if (SAMPL_DIAG_MODE(&cpuhw->event->hw))
				hw_collect_aux(cpuhw);
			else
				hw_perf_event_update(cpuhw->event, 0);
		}
	}

	/* Report measurement alerts only for non-PRA codes */
	if (alert != CPU_MF_INT_SF_PRA)
		debug_sprintf_event(sfdbg, 6, "%s alert %#x\n", __func__,
				    alert);

	/* Sampling authorization change request */
	if (alert & CPU_MF_INT_SF_SACA)
		qsi(&cpuhw->qsi);

	/* Loss of sample data due to high-priority machine activities */
	if (alert & CPU_MF_INT_SF_LSDA) {
		pr_err("Sample data was lost\n");
		cpuhw->flags |= PMU_F_ERR_LSDA;
		sf_disable();
	}

	/* Invalid sampling buffer entry */
	if (alert & (CPU_MF_INT_SF_IAE|CPU_MF_INT_SF_ISE)) {
		pr_err("A sampling buffer entry is incorrect (alert=%#x)\n",
		       alert);
		cpuhw->flags |= PMU_F_ERR_IBE;
		sf_disable();
	}
}

static int cpusf_pmu_setup(unsigned int cpu, int flags)
{
	/* Ignore the notification if no events are scheduled on the PMU.
	 * This might be racy...
	 */
	if (!refcount_read(&num_events))
		return 0;

	local_irq_disable();
	setup_pmc_cpu(&flags);
	local_irq_enable();
	return 0;
}

static int s390_pmu_sf_online_cpu(unsigned int cpu)
{
	return cpusf_pmu_setup(cpu, PMC_INIT);
}

static int s390_pmu_sf_offline_cpu(unsigned int cpu)
{
	return cpusf_pmu_setup(cpu, PMC_RELEASE);
}

static int param_get_sfb_size(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
{
	if (!cpum_sf_avail())
		return -ENODEV;
	return sprintf(buffer, "%lu,%lu", CPUM_SF_MIN_SDB, CPUM_SF_MAX_SDB);
}

static int param_set_sfb_size(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
{
	int rc;
	unsigned long min, max;

	if (!cpum_sf_avail())
		return -ENODEV;
	if (!val || !strlen(val))
		return -EINVAL;

	/* Valid parameter values: "min,max" or "max" */
	min = CPUM_SF_MIN_SDB;
	max = CPUM_SF_MAX_SDB;
	if (strchr(val, ','))
		rc = (sscanf(val, "%lu,%lu", &min, &max) == 2) ? 0 : -EINVAL;
	else
		rc = kstrtoul(val, 10, &max);

	if (min < 2 || min >= max || max > get_num_physpages())
		rc = -EINVAL;
	if (rc)
		return rc;

	sfb_set_limits(min, max);
	pr_info("The sampling buffer limits have changed to: "
		"min %lu max %lu (diag %lu)\n",
		CPUM_SF_MIN_SDB, CPUM_SF_MAX_SDB, CPUM_SF_SDB_DIAG_FACTOR);
	return 0;
}

#define param_check_sfb_size(name, p) __param_check(name, p, void)
static const struct kernel_param_ops param_ops_sfb_size = {
	.set = param_set_sfb_size,
	.get = param_get_sfb_size,
};

enum {
	RS_INIT_FAILURE_BSDES	= 2,	/* Bad basic sampling size */
	RS_INIT_FAILURE_ALRT	= 3,	/* IRQ registration failure */
	RS_INIT_FAILURE_PERF	= 4	/* PMU registration failure */
};

static void __init pr_cpumsf_err(unsigned int reason)
{
	pr_err("Sampling facility support for perf is not available: "
	       "reason %#x\n", reason);
}

static int __init init_cpum_sampling_pmu(void)
{
	struct hws_qsi_info_block si;
	int err;

	if (!cpum_sf_avail())
		return -ENODEV;

	memset(&si, 0, sizeof(si));
	qsi(&si);
	if (!si.as && !si.ad)
		return -ENODEV;

	if (si.bsdes != sizeof(struct hws_basic_entry)) {
		pr_cpumsf_err(RS_INIT_FAILURE_BSDES);
		return -EINVAL;
	}

	if (si.ad) {
		sfb_set_limits(CPUM_SF_MIN_SDB, CPUM_SF_MAX_SDB);
		/* Sampling of diagnostic data authorized,
		 * install event into attribute list of PMU device.
		 */
		cpumsf_pmu_events_attr[SF_CYCLES_BASIC_DIAG_ATTR_IDX] =
			CPUMF_EVENT_PTR(SF, SF_CYCLES_BASIC_DIAG);
	}

	sfdbg = debug_register("cpum_sf", 2, 1, 80);
	if (!sfdbg) {
		pr_err("Registering for s390dbf failed\n");
		return -ENOMEM;
	}
	debug_register_view(sfdbg, &debug_sprintf_view);

	err = register_external_irq(EXT_IRQ_MEASURE_ALERT,
				    cpumf_measurement_alert);
	if (err) {
		pr_cpumsf_err(RS_INIT_FAILURE_ALRT);
		debug_unregister(sfdbg);
		goto out;
	}

	err = perf_pmu_register(&cpumf_sampling, "cpum_sf", PERF_TYPE_RAW);
	if (err) {
		pr_cpumsf_err(RS_INIT_FAILURE_PERF);
		unregister_external_irq(EXT_IRQ_MEASURE_ALERT,
					cpumf_measurement_alert);
		debug_unregister(sfdbg);
		goto out;
	}

	cpuhp_setup_state(CPUHP_AP_PERF_S390_SF_ONLINE, "perf/s390/sf:online",
			  s390_pmu_sf_online_cpu, s390_pmu_sf_offline_cpu);
out:
	return err;
}

arch_initcall(init_cpum_sampling_pmu);
core_param(cpum_sfb_size, CPUM_SF_MAX_SDB, sfb_size, 0644);