xref: /linux/kernel/rcu/rcutorture.c (revision fe1d4828846f025e42ca5e2112c01084c8aa8ab2)
1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
2 /*
3  * Read-Copy Update module-based torture test facility
4  *
5  * Copyright (C) IBM Corporation, 2005, 2006
6  *
7  * Authors: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
8  *	  Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
9  *
10  * See also:  Documentation/RCU/torture.rst
11  */
12 
13 #define pr_fmt(fmt) fmt
14 
15 #include <linux/types.h>
16 #include <linux/kernel.h>
17 #include <linux/init.h>
18 #include <linux/module.h>
19 #include <linux/kthread.h>
20 #include <linux/err.h>
21 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
22 #include <linux/smp.h>
23 #include <linux/rcupdate_wait.h>
24 #include <linux/rcu_notifier.h>
25 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
26 #include <linux/sched/signal.h>
27 #include <uapi/linux/sched/types.h>
28 #include <linux/atomic.h>
29 #include <linux/bitops.h>
30 #include <linux/completion.h>
31 #include <linux/moduleparam.h>
32 #include <linux/percpu.h>
33 #include <linux/notifier.h>
34 #include <linux/reboot.h>
35 #include <linux/freezer.h>
36 #include <linux/cpu.h>
37 #include <linux/delay.h>
38 #include <linux/stat.h>
39 #include <linux/srcu.h>
40 #include <linux/slab.h>
41 #include <linux/trace_clock.h>
42 #include <asm/byteorder.h>
43 #include <linux/torture.h>
44 #include <linux/vmalloc.h>
45 #include <linux/sched/debug.h>
46 #include <linux/sched/sysctl.h>
47 #include <linux/oom.h>
48 #include <linux/tick.h>
49 #include <linux/rcupdate_trace.h>
50 #include <linux/nmi.h>
51 
52 #include "rcu.h"
53 
54 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Read-Copy Update module-based torture test facility");
55 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
56 MODULE_AUTHOR("Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com> and Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>");
57 
58 // Bits for ->extendables field, extendables param, and related definitions.
59 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_1	8	// Put SRCU index in upper bits.
60 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_MASK_1	(0xff << RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_1)
61 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_2	16	// Put SRCU index in upper bits.
62 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_MASK_2	(0xff << RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_2)
63 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_BH	0x01	// Extend readers by disabling bh.
64 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_IRQ	0x02	//  ... disabling interrupts.
65 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_PREEMPT	0x04	//  ... disabling preemption.
66 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_RBH	0x08	//  ... rcu_read_lock_bh().
67 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_SCHED	0x10	//  ... rcu_read_lock_sched().
68 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_1	0x20	//  ... entering another RCU reader.
69 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_2	0x40	//  ... entering another RCU reader.
70 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_UPDOWN	0x80	//  ... up-read from task, down-read from timer.
71 					//	Note: Manual start, automatic end.
72 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_NBITS	8	// Number of bits defined above.
73 #define RCUTORTURE_MAX_EXTEND	\
74 	(RCUTORTURE_RDR_BH | RCUTORTURE_RDR_IRQ | RCUTORTURE_RDR_PREEMPT | \
75 	 RCUTORTURE_RDR_RBH | RCUTORTURE_RDR_SCHED)  // Intentionally omit RCUTORTURE_RDR_UPDOWN.
76 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_ALLBITS	\
77 	(RCUTORTURE_MAX_EXTEND | RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_1 | RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_2 | \
78 	 RCUTORTURE_RDR_MASK_1 | RCUTORTURE_RDR_MASK_2)
79 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_MAX_LOOPS 0x7	/* Maximum reader extensions. */
80 					/* Must be power of two minus one. */
81 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_MAX_SEGS (RCUTORTURE_RDR_MAX_LOOPS + 3)
82 
83 torture_param(int, extendables, RCUTORTURE_MAX_EXTEND,
84 	      "Extend readers by disabling bh (1), irqs (2), or preempt (4)");
85 torture_param(int, fqs_duration, 0, "Duration of fqs bursts (us), 0 to disable");
86 torture_param(int, fqs_holdoff, 0, "Holdoff time within fqs bursts (us)");
87 torture_param(int, fqs_stutter, 3, "Wait time between fqs bursts (s)");
88 torture_param(int, fwd_progress, 1, "Number of grace-period forward progress tasks (0 to disable)");
89 torture_param(int, fwd_progress_div, 4, "Fraction of CPU stall to wait");
90 torture_param(int, fwd_progress_holdoff, 60, "Time between forward-progress tests (s)");
91 torture_param(bool, fwd_progress_need_resched, 1, "Hide cond_resched() behind need_resched()");
92 torture_param(bool, gp_cond, false, "Use conditional/async GP wait primitives");
93 torture_param(bool, gp_cond_exp, false, "Use conditional/async expedited GP wait primitives");
94 torture_param(bool, gp_cond_full, false, "Use conditional/async full-state GP wait primitives");
95 torture_param(bool, gp_cond_exp_full, false,
96 		    "Use conditional/async full-stateexpedited GP wait primitives");
97 torture_param(int, gp_cond_wi, 16 * USEC_PER_SEC / HZ,
98 		   "Wait interval for normal conditional grace periods, us (default 16 jiffies)");
99 torture_param(int, gp_cond_wi_exp, 128,
100 		   "Wait interval for expedited conditional grace periods, us (default 128 us)");
101 torture_param(bool, gp_exp, false, "Use expedited GP wait primitives");
102 torture_param(bool, gp_normal, false, "Use normal (non-expedited) GP wait primitives");
103 torture_param(bool, gp_poll, false, "Use polling GP wait primitives");
104 torture_param(bool, gp_poll_exp, false, "Use polling expedited GP wait primitives");
105 torture_param(bool, gp_poll_full, false, "Use polling full-state GP wait primitives");
106 torture_param(bool, gp_poll_exp_full, false, "Use polling full-state expedited GP wait primitives");
107 torture_param(int, gp_poll_wi, 16 * USEC_PER_SEC / HZ,
108 		   "Wait interval for normal polled grace periods, us (default 16 jiffies)");
109 torture_param(int, gp_poll_wi_exp, 128,
110 		   "Wait interval for expedited polled grace periods, us (default 128 us)");
111 torture_param(bool, gp_sync, false, "Use synchronous GP wait primitives");
112 torture_param(int, irqreader, 1, "Allow RCU readers from irq handlers");
113 torture_param(int, leakpointer, 0, "Leak pointer dereferences from readers");
114 torture_param(int, n_barrier_cbs, 0, "# of callbacks/kthreads for barrier testing");
115 torture_param(int, n_up_down, 32, "# of concurrent up/down hrtimer-based RCU readers");
116 torture_param(int, nfakewriters, 4, "Number of RCU fake writer threads");
117 torture_param(int, nreaders, -1, "Number of RCU reader threads");
118 torture_param(int, object_debug, 0, "Enable debug-object double call_rcu() testing");
119 torture_param(int, onoff_holdoff, 0, "Time after boot before CPU hotplugs (s)");
120 torture_param(int, onoff_interval, 0, "Time between CPU hotplugs (jiffies), 0=disable");
121 torture_param(bool, gpwrap_lag, true, "Enable grace-period wrap lag testing");
122 torture_param(int, gpwrap_lag_gps, 8, "Value to set for set_gpwrap_lag during an active testing period.");
123 torture_param(int, gpwrap_lag_cycle_mins, 30, "Total cycle duration for gpwrap lag testing (in minutes)");
124 torture_param(int, gpwrap_lag_active_mins, 5, "Duration for which gpwrap lag is active within each cycle (in minutes)");
125 torture_param(int, nocbs_nthreads, 0, "Number of NOCB toggle threads, 0 to disable");
126 torture_param(int, nocbs_toggle, 1000, "Time between toggling nocb state (ms)");
127 torture_param(int, preempt_duration, 0, "Preemption duration (ms), zero to disable");
128 torture_param(int, preempt_interval, MSEC_PER_SEC, "Interval between preemptions (ms)");
129 torture_param(int, read_exit_delay, 13, "Delay between read-then-exit episodes (s)");
130 torture_param(int, read_exit_burst, 16, "# of read-then-exit bursts per episode, zero to disable");
131 torture_param(int, reader_flavor, SRCU_READ_FLAVOR_NORMAL, "Reader flavors to use, one per bit.");
132 torture_param(int, shuffle_interval, 3, "Number of seconds between shuffles");
133 torture_param(int, shutdown_secs, 0, "Shutdown time (s), <= zero to disable.");
134 torture_param(int, stall_cpu, 0, "Stall duration (s), zero to disable.");
135 torture_param(int, stall_cpu_holdoff, 10, "Time to wait before starting stall (s).");
136 torture_param(bool, stall_no_softlockup, false, "Avoid softlockup warning during cpu stall.");
137 torture_param(int, stall_cpu_irqsoff, 0, "Disable interrupts while stalling.");
138 torture_param(int, stall_cpu_block, 0, "Sleep while stalling.");
139 torture_param(int, stall_cpu_repeat, 0, "Number of additional stalls after the first one.");
140 torture_param(int, stall_gp_kthread, 0, "Grace-period kthread stall duration (s).");
141 torture_param(int, stat_interval, 60, "Number of seconds between stats printk()s");
142 torture_param(int, stutter, 5, "Number of seconds to run/halt test");
143 torture_param(int, test_boost, 1, "Test RCU prio boost: 0=no, 1=maybe, 2=yes.");
144 torture_param(int, test_boost_duration, 4, "Duration of each boost test, seconds.");
145 torture_param(int, test_boost_holdoff, 0, "Holdoff time from rcutorture start, seconds.");
146 torture_param(int, test_boost_interval, 7, "Interval between boost tests, seconds.");
147 torture_param(int, test_nmis, 0, "End-test NMI tests, 0 to disable.");
148 torture_param(bool, test_no_idle_hz, true, "Test support for tickless idle CPUs");
149 torture_param(int, test_srcu_lockdep, 0, "Test specified SRCU deadlock scenario.");
150 torture_param(int, verbose, 1, "Enable verbose debugging printk()s");
151 
152 static char *torture_type = "rcu";
153 module_param(torture_type, charp, 0444);
154 MODULE_PARM_DESC(torture_type, "Type of RCU to torture (rcu, srcu, ...)");
155 
156 static int nrealnocbers;
157 static int nrealreaders;
158 static int nrealfakewriters;
159 static struct task_struct *writer_task;
160 static struct task_struct **fakewriter_tasks;
161 static struct task_struct **reader_tasks;
162 static struct task_struct *updown_task;
163 static struct task_struct **nocb_tasks;
164 static struct task_struct *stats_task;
165 static struct task_struct *fqs_task;
166 static struct task_struct *boost_tasks[NR_CPUS];
167 static struct task_struct *stall_task;
168 static struct task_struct **fwd_prog_tasks;
169 static struct task_struct **barrier_cbs_tasks;
170 static struct task_struct *barrier_task;
171 static struct task_struct *read_exit_task;
172 static struct task_struct *preempt_task;
173 
174 #define RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN 10
175 
176 // Mailbox-like structure to check RCU global memory ordering.
177 struct rcu_torture_reader_check {
178 	unsigned long rtc_myloops;
179 	int rtc_chkrdr;
180 	unsigned long rtc_chkloops;
181 	int rtc_ready;
182 	struct rcu_torture_reader_check *rtc_assigner;
183 } ____cacheline_internodealigned_in_smp;
184 
185 // Update-side data structure used to check RCU readers.
186 struct rcu_torture {
187 	struct rcu_head rtort_rcu;
188 	int rtort_pipe_count;
189 	struct list_head rtort_free;
190 	int rtort_mbtest;
191 	struct rcu_torture_reader_check *rtort_chkp;
192 };
193 
194 static LIST_HEAD(rcu_torture_freelist);
195 static struct rcu_torture __rcu *rcu_torture_current;
196 static unsigned long rcu_torture_current_version;
197 static struct rcu_torture rcu_tortures[10 * RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN];
198 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(rcu_torture_lock);
199 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(long [RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1], rcu_torture_count);
200 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(long [RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1], rcu_torture_batch);
201 static atomic_t rcu_torture_wcount[RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1];
202 static struct rcu_torture_reader_check *rcu_torture_reader_mbchk;
203 static atomic_t n_rcu_torture_alloc;
204 static atomic_t n_rcu_torture_alloc_fail;
205 static atomic_t n_rcu_torture_free;
206 static atomic_t n_rcu_torture_mberror;
207 static atomic_t n_rcu_torture_mbchk_fail;
208 static atomic_t n_rcu_torture_mbchk_tries;
209 static atomic_t n_rcu_torture_error;
210 static long n_rcu_torture_barrier_error;
211 static long n_rcu_torture_boost_ktrerror;
212 static long n_rcu_torture_boost_failure;
213 static long n_rcu_torture_boosts;
214 static atomic_long_t n_rcu_torture_timers;
215 static long n_barrier_attempts;
216 static long n_barrier_successes; /* did rcu_barrier test succeed? */
217 static unsigned long n_read_exits;
218 static struct list_head rcu_torture_removed;
219 static unsigned long shutdown_jiffies;
220 static unsigned long start_gp_seq;
221 static atomic_long_t n_nocb_offload;
222 static atomic_long_t n_nocb_deoffload;
223 
224 static int rcu_torture_writer_state;
225 #define RTWS_FIXED_DELAY	0
226 #define RTWS_DELAY		1
227 #define RTWS_REPLACE		2
228 #define RTWS_DEF_FREE		3
229 #define RTWS_EXP_SYNC		4
230 #define RTWS_COND_GET		5
231 #define RTWS_COND_GET_FULL	6
232 #define RTWS_COND_GET_EXP	7
233 #define RTWS_COND_GET_EXP_FULL	8
234 #define RTWS_COND_SYNC		9
235 #define RTWS_COND_SYNC_FULL	10
236 #define RTWS_COND_SYNC_EXP	11
237 #define RTWS_COND_SYNC_EXP_FULL	12
238 #define RTWS_POLL_GET		13
239 #define RTWS_POLL_GET_FULL	14
240 #define RTWS_POLL_GET_EXP	15
241 #define RTWS_POLL_GET_EXP_FULL	16
242 #define RTWS_POLL_WAIT		17
243 #define RTWS_POLL_WAIT_FULL	18
244 #define RTWS_POLL_WAIT_EXP	19
245 #define RTWS_POLL_WAIT_EXP_FULL	20
246 #define RTWS_SYNC		21
247 #define RTWS_STUTTER		22
248 #define RTWS_STOPPING		23
249 static const char * const rcu_torture_writer_state_names[] = {
250 	"RTWS_FIXED_DELAY",
251 	"RTWS_DELAY",
252 	"RTWS_REPLACE",
253 	"RTWS_DEF_FREE",
254 	"RTWS_EXP_SYNC",
255 	"RTWS_COND_GET",
256 	"RTWS_COND_GET_FULL",
257 	"RTWS_COND_GET_EXP",
258 	"RTWS_COND_GET_EXP_FULL",
259 	"RTWS_COND_SYNC",
260 	"RTWS_COND_SYNC_FULL",
261 	"RTWS_COND_SYNC_EXP",
262 	"RTWS_COND_SYNC_EXP_FULL",
263 	"RTWS_POLL_GET",
264 	"RTWS_POLL_GET_FULL",
265 	"RTWS_POLL_GET_EXP",
266 	"RTWS_POLL_GET_EXP_FULL",
267 	"RTWS_POLL_WAIT",
268 	"RTWS_POLL_WAIT_FULL",
269 	"RTWS_POLL_WAIT_EXP",
270 	"RTWS_POLL_WAIT_EXP_FULL",
271 	"RTWS_SYNC",
272 	"RTWS_STUTTER",
273 	"RTWS_STOPPING",
274 };
275 
276 /* Record reader segment types and duration for first failing read. */
277 struct rt_read_seg {
278 	int rt_readstate;
279 	unsigned long rt_delay_jiffies;
280 	unsigned long rt_delay_ms;
281 	unsigned long rt_delay_us;
282 	bool rt_preempted;
283 	int rt_cpu;
284 	int rt_end_cpu;
285 	unsigned long long rt_gp_seq;
286 	unsigned long long rt_gp_seq_end;
287 	u64 rt_ts;
288 };
289 static int err_segs_recorded;
290 static struct rt_read_seg err_segs[RCUTORTURE_RDR_MAX_SEGS];
291 static int rt_read_nsegs;
292 static int rt_read_preempted;
293 
294 static const char *rcu_torture_writer_state_getname(void)
295 {
296 	unsigned int i = READ_ONCE(rcu_torture_writer_state);
297 
298 	if (i >= ARRAY_SIZE(rcu_torture_writer_state_names))
299 		return "???";
300 	return rcu_torture_writer_state_names[i];
301 }
302 
303 #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_TRACE
304 static u64 notrace rcu_trace_clock_local(void)
305 {
306 	u64 ts = trace_clock_local();
307 
308 	(void)do_div(ts, NSEC_PER_USEC);
309 	return ts;
310 }
311 #else /* #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_TRACE */
312 static u64 notrace rcu_trace_clock_local(void)
313 {
314 	return 0ULL;
315 }
316 #endif /* #else #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_TRACE */
317 
318 /*
319  * Stop aggressive CPU-hog tests a bit before the end of the test in order
320  * to avoid interfering with test shutdown.
321  */
322 static bool shutdown_time_arrived(void)
323 {
324 	return shutdown_secs && time_after(jiffies, shutdown_jiffies - 30 * HZ);
325 }
326 
327 static unsigned long boost_starttime;	/* jiffies of next boost test start. */
328 static DEFINE_MUTEX(boost_mutex);	/* protect setting boost_starttime */
329 					/*  and boost task create/destroy. */
330 static atomic_t barrier_cbs_count;	/* Barrier callbacks registered. */
331 static bool barrier_phase;		/* Test phase. */
332 static atomic_t barrier_cbs_invoked;	/* Barrier callbacks invoked. */
333 static wait_queue_head_t *barrier_cbs_wq; /* Coordinate barrier testing. */
334 static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(barrier_wq);
335 
336 static atomic_t rcu_fwd_cb_nodelay;	/* Short rcu_torture_delay() delays. */
337 
338 /*
339  * Allocate an element from the rcu_tortures pool.
340  */
341 static struct rcu_torture *
342 rcu_torture_alloc(void)
343 {
344 	struct list_head *p;
345 
346 	spin_lock_bh(&rcu_torture_lock);
347 	if (list_empty(&rcu_torture_freelist)) {
348 		atomic_inc(&n_rcu_torture_alloc_fail);
349 		spin_unlock_bh(&rcu_torture_lock);
350 		return NULL;
351 	}
352 	atomic_inc(&n_rcu_torture_alloc);
353 	p = rcu_torture_freelist.next;
354 	list_del_init(p);
355 	spin_unlock_bh(&rcu_torture_lock);
356 	return container_of(p, struct rcu_torture, rtort_free);
357 }
358 
359 /*
360  * Free an element to the rcu_tortures pool.
361  */
362 static void
363 rcu_torture_free(struct rcu_torture *p)
364 {
365 	atomic_inc(&n_rcu_torture_free);
366 	spin_lock_bh(&rcu_torture_lock);
367 	list_add_tail(&p->rtort_free, &rcu_torture_freelist);
368 	spin_unlock_bh(&rcu_torture_lock);
369 }
370 
371 /*
372  * Operations vector for selecting different types of tests.
373  */
374 
375 struct rcu_torture_ops {
376 	int ttype;
377 	void (*init)(void);
378 	void (*cleanup)(void);
379 	int (*readlock)(void);
380 	void (*read_delay)(struct torture_random_state *rrsp,
381 			   struct rt_read_seg *rtrsp);
382 	void (*readunlock)(int idx);
383 	int (*readlock_held)(void);   // lockdep.
384 	int (*readlock_nesting)(void); // actual nesting, if available, -1 if not.
385 	int (*down_read)(void);
386 	void (*up_read)(int idx);
387 	unsigned long (*get_gp_seq)(void);
388 	unsigned long (*gp_diff)(unsigned long new, unsigned long old);
389 	void (*deferred_free)(struct rcu_torture *p);
390 	void (*sync)(void);
391 	void (*exp_sync)(void);
392 	void (*exp_current)(void);
393 	unsigned long (*get_gp_state_exp)(void);
394 	unsigned long (*start_gp_poll_exp)(void);
395 	void (*start_gp_poll_exp_full)(struct rcu_gp_oldstate *rgosp);
396 	bool (*poll_gp_state_exp)(unsigned long oldstate);
397 	void (*cond_sync_exp)(unsigned long oldstate);
398 	void (*cond_sync_exp_full)(struct rcu_gp_oldstate *rgosp);
399 	unsigned long (*get_comp_state)(void);
400 	void (*get_comp_state_full)(struct rcu_gp_oldstate *rgosp);
401 	bool (*same_gp_state)(unsigned long oldstate1, unsigned long oldstate2);
402 	bool (*same_gp_state_full)(struct rcu_gp_oldstate *rgosp1, struct rcu_gp_oldstate *rgosp2);
403 	unsigned long (*get_gp_state)(void);
404 	void (*get_gp_state_full)(struct rcu_gp_oldstate *rgosp);
405 	unsigned long (*start_gp_poll)(void);
406 	void (*start_gp_poll_full)(struct rcu_gp_oldstate *rgosp);
407 	bool (*poll_gp_state)(unsigned long oldstate);
408 	bool (*poll_gp_state_full)(struct rcu_gp_oldstate *rgosp);
409 	bool (*poll_need_2gp)(bool poll, bool poll_full);
410 	void (*cond_sync)(unsigned long oldstate);
411 	void (*cond_sync_full)(struct rcu_gp_oldstate *rgosp);
412 	int poll_active;
413 	int poll_active_full;
414 	call_rcu_func_t call;
415 	void (*cb_barrier)(void);
416 	void (*fqs)(void);
417 	void (*stats)(void);
418 	void (*gp_kthread_dbg)(void);
419 	bool (*check_boost_failed)(unsigned long gp_state, int *cpup);
420 	int (*stall_dur)(void);
421 	void (*get_gp_data)(int *flags, unsigned long *gp_seq);
422 	void (*gp_slow_register)(atomic_t *rgssp);
423 	void (*gp_slow_unregister)(atomic_t *rgssp);
424 	bool (*reader_blocked)(void);
425 	unsigned long long (*gather_gp_seqs)(void);
426 	void (*format_gp_seqs)(unsigned long long seqs, char *cp, size_t len);
427 	void (*set_gpwrap_lag)(unsigned long lag);
428 	int (*get_gpwrap_count)(int cpu);
429 	long cbflood_max;
430 	int irq_capable;
431 	int can_boost;
432 	int extendables;
433 	int slow_gps;
434 	int no_pi_lock;
435 	int debug_objects;
436 	int start_poll_irqsoff;
437 	int have_up_down;
438 	const char *name;
439 };
440 
441 static struct rcu_torture_ops *cur_ops;
442 
443 /*
444  * Definitions for rcu torture testing.
445  */
446 
447 static int torture_readlock_not_held(void)
448 {
449 	return rcu_read_lock_bh_held() || rcu_read_lock_sched_held();
450 }
451 
452 static int rcu_torture_read_lock(void)
453 {
454 	rcu_read_lock();
455 	return 0;
456 }
457 
458 static void
459 rcu_read_delay(struct torture_random_state *rrsp, struct rt_read_seg *rtrsp)
460 {
461 	unsigned long started;
462 	unsigned long completed;
463 	const unsigned long shortdelay_us = 200;
464 	unsigned long longdelay_ms = 300;
465 	unsigned long long ts;
466 
467 	/* We want a short delay sometimes to make a reader delay the grace
468 	 * period, and we want a long delay occasionally to trigger
469 	 * force_quiescent_state. */
470 
471 	if (!atomic_read(&rcu_fwd_cb_nodelay) &&
472 	    !(torture_random(rrsp) % (nrealreaders * 2000 * longdelay_ms))) {
473 		started = cur_ops->get_gp_seq();
474 		ts = rcu_trace_clock_local();
475 		if ((preempt_count() & HARDIRQ_MASK) || softirq_count())
476 			longdelay_ms = 5; /* Avoid triggering BH limits. */
477 		mdelay(longdelay_ms);
478 		rtrsp->rt_delay_ms = longdelay_ms;
479 		completed = cur_ops->get_gp_seq();
480 		do_trace_rcu_torture_read(cur_ops->name, NULL, ts,
481 					  started, completed);
482 	}
483 	if (!(torture_random(rrsp) % (nrealreaders * 2 * shortdelay_us))) {
484 		udelay(shortdelay_us);
485 		rtrsp->rt_delay_us = shortdelay_us;
486 	}
487 	if (!preempt_count() &&
488 	    !(torture_random(rrsp) % (nrealreaders * 500)))
489 		torture_preempt_schedule();  /* QS only if preemptible. */
490 }
491 
492 static void rcu_torture_read_unlock(int idx)
493 {
494 	rcu_read_unlock();
495 }
496 
497 static int rcu_torture_readlock_nesting(void)
498 {
499 	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU))
500 		return rcu_preempt_depth();
501 	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_PREEMPT_COUNT))
502 		return (preempt_count() & PREEMPT_MASK);
503 	return -1;
504 }
505 
506 /*
507  * Update callback in the pipe.  This should be invoked after a grace period.
508  */
509 static bool
510 rcu_torture_pipe_update_one(struct rcu_torture *rp)
511 {
512 	int i;
513 	struct rcu_torture_reader_check *rtrcp = READ_ONCE(rp->rtort_chkp);
514 
515 	if (rtrcp) {
516 		WRITE_ONCE(rp->rtort_chkp, NULL);
517 		smp_store_release(&rtrcp->rtc_ready, 1); // Pair with smp_load_acquire().
518 	}
519 	i = rp->rtort_pipe_count;
520 	if (i > RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN)
521 		i = RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN;
522 	atomic_inc(&rcu_torture_wcount[i]);
523 	WRITE_ONCE(rp->rtort_pipe_count, i + 1);
524 	ASSERT_EXCLUSIVE_WRITER(rp->rtort_pipe_count);
525 	if (i + 1 >= RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN) {
526 		rp->rtort_mbtest = 0;
527 		return true;
528 	}
529 	return false;
530 }
531 
532 /*
533  * Update all callbacks in the pipe.  Suitable for synchronous grace-period
534  * primitives.
535  */
536 static void
537 rcu_torture_pipe_update(struct rcu_torture *old_rp)
538 {
539 	struct rcu_torture *rp;
540 	struct rcu_torture *rp1;
541 
542 	if (old_rp)
543 		list_add(&old_rp->rtort_free, &rcu_torture_removed);
544 	list_for_each_entry_safe(rp, rp1, &rcu_torture_removed, rtort_free) {
545 		if (rcu_torture_pipe_update_one(rp)) {
546 			list_del(&rp->rtort_free);
547 			rcu_torture_free(rp);
548 		}
549 	}
550 }
551 
552 static void
553 rcu_torture_cb(struct rcu_head *p)
554 {
555 	struct rcu_torture *rp = container_of(p, struct rcu_torture, rtort_rcu);
556 
557 	if (torture_must_stop_irq()) {
558 		/* Test is ending, just drop callbacks on the floor. */
559 		/* The next initialization will pick up the pieces. */
560 		return;
561 	}
562 	if (rcu_torture_pipe_update_one(rp))
563 		rcu_torture_free(rp);
564 	else
565 		cur_ops->deferred_free(rp);
566 }
567 
568 static unsigned long rcu_no_completed(void)
569 {
570 	return 0;
571 }
572 
573 static void rcu_torture_deferred_free(struct rcu_torture *p)
574 {
575 	call_rcu_hurry(&p->rtort_rcu, rcu_torture_cb);
576 }
577 
578 static void rcu_sync_torture_init(void)
579 {
580 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&rcu_torture_removed);
581 }
582 
583 static bool rcu_poll_need_2gp(bool poll, bool poll_full)
584 {
585 	return poll;
586 }
587 
588 static struct rcu_torture_ops rcu_ops = {
589 	.ttype			= RCU_FLAVOR,
590 	.init			= rcu_sync_torture_init,
591 	.readlock		= rcu_torture_read_lock,
592 	.read_delay		= rcu_read_delay,
593 	.readunlock		= rcu_torture_read_unlock,
594 	.readlock_held		= torture_readlock_not_held,
595 	.readlock_nesting	= rcu_torture_readlock_nesting,
596 	.get_gp_seq		= rcu_get_gp_seq,
597 	.gp_diff		= rcu_seq_diff,
598 	.deferred_free		= rcu_torture_deferred_free,
599 	.sync			= synchronize_rcu,
600 	.exp_sync		= synchronize_rcu_expedited,
601 	.same_gp_state		= same_state_synchronize_rcu,
602 	.same_gp_state_full	= same_state_synchronize_rcu_full,
603 	.get_comp_state		= get_completed_synchronize_rcu,
604 	.get_comp_state_full	= get_completed_synchronize_rcu_full,
605 	.get_gp_state		= get_state_synchronize_rcu,
606 	.get_gp_state_full	= get_state_synchronize_rcu_full,
607 	.start_gp_poll		= start_poll_synchronize_rcu,
608 	.start_gp_poll_full	= start_poll_synchronize_rcu_full,
609 	.poll_gp_state		= poll_state_synchronize_rcu,
610 	.poll_gp_state_full	= poll_state_synchronize_rcu_full,
611 	.poll_need_2gp		= rcu_poll_need_2gp,
612 	.cond_sync		= cond_synchronize_rcu,
613 	.cond_sync_full		= cond_synchronize_rcu_full,
614 	.poll_active		= NUM_ACTIVE_RCU_POLL_OLDSTATE,
615 	.poll_active_full	= NUM_ACTIVE_RCU_POLL_FULL_OLDSTATE,
616 	.get_gp_state_exp	= get_state_synchronize_rcu,
617 	.start_gp_poll_exp	= start_poll_synchronize_rcu_expedited,
618 	.start_gp_poll_exp_full	= start_poll_synchronize_rcu_expedited_full,
619 	.poll_gp_state_exp	= poll_state_synchronize_rcu,
620 	.cond_sync_exp		= cond_synchronize_rcu_expedited,
621 	.cond_sync_exp_full	= cond_synchronize_rcu_expedited_full,
622 	.call			= call_rcu_hurry,
623 	.cb_barrier		= rcu_barrier,
624 	.fqs			= rcu_force_quiescent_state,
625 	.gp_kthread_dbg		= show_rcu_gp_kthreads,
626 	.check_boost_failed	= rcu_check_boost_fail,
627 	.stall_dur		= rcu_jiffies_till_stall_check,
628 	.get_gp_data		= rcutorture_get_gp_data,
629 	.gp_slow_register	= rcu_gp_slow_register,
630 	.gp_slow_unregister	= rcu_gp_slow_unregister,
631 	.reader_blocked		= IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST_LOG_CPU)
632 				  ? has_rcu_reader_blocked
633 				  : NULL,
634 	.gather_gp_seqs		= rcutorture_gather_gp_seqs,
635 	.format_gp_seqs		= rcutorture_format_gp_seqs,
636 	.set_gpwrap_lag		= rcu_set_gpwrap_lag,
637 	.get_gpwrap_count	= rcu_get_gpwrap_count,
638 	.irq_capable		= 1,
639 	.can_boost		= IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RCU_BOOST),
640 	.extendables		= RCUTORTURE_MAX_EXTEND,
641 	.debug_objects		= 1,
642 	.start_poll_irqsoff	= 1,
643 	.name			= "rcu"
644 };
645 
646 /*
647  * Don't even think about trying any of these in real life!!!
648  * The names includes "busted", and they really means it!
649  * The only purpose of these functions is to provide a buggy RCU
650  * implementation to make sure that rcutorture correctly emits
651  * buggy-RCU error messages.
652  */
653 static void rcu_busted_torture_deferred_free(struct rcu_torture *p)
654 {
655 	/* This is a deliberate bug for testing purposes only! */
656 	rcu_torture_cb(&p->rtort_rcu);
657 }
658 
659 static void synchronize_rcu_busted(void)
660 {
661 	/* This is a deliberate bug for testing purposes only! */
662 }
663 
664 static void
665 call_rcu_busted(struct rcu_head *head, rcu_callback_t func)
666 {
667 	/* This is a deliberate bug for testing purposes only! */
668 	func(head);
669 }
670 
671 static struct rcu_torture_ops rcu_busted_ops = {
672 	.ttype		= INVALID_RCU_FLAVOR,
673 	.init		= rcu_sync_torture_init,
674 	.readlock	= rcu_torture_read_lock,
675 	.read_delay	= rcu_read_delay,  /* just reuse rcu's version. */
676 	.readunlock	= rcu_torture_read_unlock,
677 	.readlock_held	= torture_readlock_not_held,
678 	.get_gp_seq	= rcu_no_completed,
679 	.deferred_free	= rcu_busted_torture_deferred_free,
680 	.sync		= synchronize_rcu_busted,
681 	.exp_sync	= synchronize_rcu_busted,
682 	.call		= call_rcu_busted,
683 	.gather_gp_seqs	= rcutorture_gather_gp_seqs,
684 	.format_gp_seqs	= rcutorture_format_gp_seqs,
685 	.irq_capable	= 1,
686 	.extendables	= RCUTORTURE_MAX_EXTEND,
687 	.name		= "busted"
688 };
689 
690 /*
691  * Definitions for srcu torture testing.
692  */
693 
694 DEFINE_STATIC_SRCU(srcu_ctl);
695 DEFINE_STATIC_SRCU_FAST(srcu_ctlf);
696 DEFINE_STATIC_SRCU_FAST_UPDOWN(srcu_ctlfud);
697 static struct srcu_struct srcu_ctld;
698 static struct srcu_struct *srcu_ctlp = &srcu_ctl;
699 static struct rcu_torture_ops srcud_ops;
700 
701 static void srcu_torture_init(void)
702 {
703 	rcu_sync_torture_init();
704 	if (!reader_flavor || (reader_flavor & SRCU_READ_FLAVOR_NORMAL))
705 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("srcu_torture_init normal SRCU");
706 	if (reader_flavor & SRCU_READ_FLAVOR_NMI)
707 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("srcu_torture_init NMI-safe SRCU");
708 	if (reader_flavor & SRCU_READ_FLAVOR_FAST) {
709 		srcu_ctlp = &srcu_ctlf;
710 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("srcu_torture_init fast SRCU");
711 	}
712 	if (reader_flavor & SRCU_READ_FLAVOR_FAST_UPDOWN) {
713 		srcu_ctlp = &srcu_ctlfud;
714 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("srcu_torture_init fast-up/down SRCU");
715 	}
716 }
717 
718 static void srcu_get_gp_data(int *flags, unsigned long *gp_seq)
719 {
720 	srcutorture_get_gp_data(srcu_ctlp, flags, gp_seq);
721 }
722 
723 static int srcu_torture_read_lock(void)
724 {
725 	int idx;
726 	struct srcu_ctr __percpu *scp;
727 	int ret = 0;
728 
729 	WARN_ON_ONCE(reader_flavor & ~SRCU_READ_FLAVOR_ALL);
730 
731 	if ((reader_flavor & SRCU_READ_FLAVOR_NORMAL) || !(reader_flavor & SRCU_READ_FLAVOR_ALL)) {
732 		idx = srcu_read_lock(srcu_ctlp);
733 		WARN_ON_ONCE(idx & ~0x1);
734 		ret += idx;
735 	}
736 	if (reader_flavor & SRCU_READ_FLAVOR_NMI) {
737 		idx = srcu_read_lock_nmisafe(srcu_ctlp);
738 		WARN_ON_ONCE(idx & ~0x1);
739 		ret += idx << 1;
740 	}
741 	if (reader_flavor & SRCU_READ_FLAVOR_FAST) {
742 		scp = srcu_read_lock_fast(srcu_ctlp);
743 		idx = __srcu_ptr_to_ctr(srcu_ctlp, scp);
744 		WARN_ON_ONCE(idx & ~0x1);
745 		ret += idx << 2;
746 	}
747 	if (reader_flavor & SRCU_READ_FLAVOR_FAST_UPDOWN) {
748 		scp = srcu_read_lock_fast_updown(srcu_ctlp);
749 		idx = __srcu_ptr_to_ctr(srcu_ctlp, scp);
750 		WARN_ON_ONCE(idx & ~0x1);
751 		ret += idx << 3;
752 	}
753 	return ret;
754 }
755 
756 static void
757 srcu_read_delay(struct torture_random_state *rrsp, struct rt_read_seg *rtrsp)
758 {
759 	long delay;
760 	const long uspertick = 1000000 / HZ;
761 	const long longdelay = 10;
762 
763 	/* We want there to be long-running readers, but not all the time. */
764 
765 	delay = torture_random(rrsp) %
766 		(nrealreaders * 2 * longdelay * uspertick);
767 	if (!delay && in_task()) {
768 		schedule_timeout_interruptible(longdelay);
769 		rtrsp->rt_delay_jiffies = longdelay;
770 	} else {
771 		rcu_read_delay(rrsp, rtrsp);
772 	}
773 }
774 
775 static void srcu_torture_read_unlock(int idx)
776 {
777 	WARN_ON_ONCE((reader_flavor && (idx & ~reader_flavor)) || (!reader_flavor && (idx & ~0x1)));
778 	if (reader_flavor & SRCU_READ_FLAVOR_FAST_UPDOWN)
779 		srcu_read_unlock_fast_updown(srcu_ctlp,
780 					     __srcu_ctr_to_ptr(srcu_ctlp, (idx & 0x8) >> 3));
781 	if (reader_flavor & SRCU_READ_FLAVOR_FAST)
782 		srcu_read_unlock_fast(srcu_ctlp, __srcu_ctr_to_ptr(srcu_ctlp, (idx & 0x4) >> 2));
783 	if (reader_flavor & SRCU_READ_FLAVOR_NMI)
784 		srcu_read_unlock_nmisafe(srcu_ctlp, (idx & 0x2) >> 1);
785 	if ((reader_flavor & SRCU_READ_FLAVOR_NORMAL) || !(reader_flavor & SRCU_READ_FLAVOR_ALL))
786 		srcu_read_unlock(srcu_ctlp, idx & 0x1);
787 }
788 
789 static int torture_srcu_read_lock_held(void)
790 {
791 	return srcu_read_lock_held(srcu_ctlp);
792 }
793 
794 static bool srcu_torture_have_up_down(void)
795 {
796 	int rf = reader_flavor;
797 
798 	if (!rf)
799 		rf = SRCU_READ_FLAVOR_NORMAL;
800 	return !!(cur_ops->have_up_down & rf);
801 }
802 
803 static int srcu_torture_down_read(void)
804 {
805 	int idx;
806 	struct srcu_ctr __percpu *scp;
807 
808 	WARN_ON_ONCE(reader_flavor & ~SRCU_READ_FLAVOR_ALL);
809 	WARN_ON_ONCE(reader_flavor & (reader_flavor - 1));
810 
811 	if ((reader_flavor & SRCU_READ_FLAVOR_NORMAL) || !(reader_flavor & SRCU_READ_FLAVOR_ALL)) {
812 		idx = srcu_down_read(srcu_ctlp);
813 		WARN_ON_ONCE(idx & ~0x1);
814 		return idx;
815 	}
816 	if (reader_flavor & SRCU_READ_FLAVOR_FAST_UPDOWN) {
817 		scp = srcu_down_read_fast(srcu_ctlp);
818 		idx = __srcu_ptr_to_ctr(srcu_ctlp, scp);
819 		WARN_ON_ONCE(idx & ~0x1);
820 		return idx << 3;
821 	}
822 	WARN_ON_ONCE(1);
823 	return 0;
824 }
825 
826 static void srcu_torture_up_read(int idx)
827 {
828 	WARN_ON_ONCE((reader_flavor && (idx & ~reader_flavor)) || (!reader_flavor && (idx & ~0x1)));
829 	if (reader_flavor & SRCU_READ_FLAVOR_FAST_UPDOWN)
830 		srcu_up_read_fast(srcu_ctlp, __srcu_ctr_to_ptr(srcu_ctlp, (idx & 0x8) >> 3));
831 	else if ((reader_flavor & SRCU_READ_FLAVOR_NORMAL) ||
832 		 !(reader_flavor & SRCU_READ_FLAVOR_ALL))
833 		srcu_up_read(srcu_ctlp, idx & 0x1);
834 	else
835 		WARN_ON_ONCE(1);
836 }
837 
838 static unsigned long srcu_torture_completed(void)
839 {
840 	return srcu_batches_completed(srcu_ctlp);
841 }
842 
843 static void srcu_torture_deferred_free(struct rcu_torture *rp)
844 {
845 	call_srcu(srcu_ctlp, &rp->rtort_rcu, rcu_torture_cb);
846 }
847 
848 static void srcu_torture_synchronize(void)
849 {
850 	synchronize_srcu(srcu_ctlp);
851 }
852 
853 static unsigned long srcu_torture_get_gp_state(void)
854 {
855 	return get_state_synchronize_srcu(srcu_ctlp);
856 }
857 
858 static unsigned long srcu_torture_start_gp_poll(void)
859 {
860 	return start_poll_synchronize_srcu(srcu_ctlp);
861 }
862 
863 static bool srcu_torture_poll_gp_state(unsigned long oldstate)
864 {
865 	return poll_state_synchronize_srcu(srcu_ctlp, oldstate);
866 }
867 
868 static void srcu_torture_call(struct rcu_head *head,
869 			      rcu_callback_t func)
870 {
871 	call_srcu(srcu_ctlp, head, func);
872 }
873 
874 static void srcu_torture_barrier(void)
875 {
876 	srcu_barrier(srcu_ctlp);
877 }
878 
879 static void srcu_torture_stats(void)
880 {
881 	srcu_torture_stats_print(srcu_ctlp, torture_type, TORTURE_FLAG);
882 }
883 
884 static void srcu_torture_synchronize_expedited(void)
885 {
886 	synchronize_srcu_expedited(srcu_ctlp);
887 }
888 
889 static void srcu_torture_expedite_current(void)
890 {
891 	srcu_expedite_current(srcu_ctlp);
892 }
893 
894 static struct rcu_torture_ops srcu_ops = {
895 	.ttype		= SRCU_FLAVOR,
896 	.init		= srcu_torture_init,
897 	.readlock	= srcu_torture_read_lock,
898 	.read_delay	= srcu_read_delay,
899 	.readunlock	= srcu_torture_read_unlock,
900 	.down_read	= srcu_torture_down_read,
901 	.up_read	= srcu_torture_up_read,
902 	.readlock_held	= torture_srcu_read_lock_held,
903 	.get_gp_seq	= srcu_torture_completed,
904 	.gp_diff	= rcu_seq_diff,
905 	.deferred_free	= srcu_torture_deferred_free,
906 	.sync		= srcu_torture_synchronize,
907 	.exp_sync	= srcu_torture_synchronize_expedited,
908 	.exp_current	= srcu_torture_expedite_current,
909 	.same_gp_state	= same_state_synchronize_srcu,
910 	.get_comp_state = get_completed_synchronize_srcu,
911 	.get_gp_state	= srcu_torture_get_gp_state,
912 	.start_gp_poll	= srcu_torture_start_gp_poll,
913 	.poll_gp_state	= srcu_torture_poll_gp_state,
914 	.poll_active	= NUM_ACTIVE_SRCU_POLL_OLDSTATE,
915 	.call		= srcu_torture_call,
916 	.cb_barrier	= srcu_torture_barrier,
917 	.stats		= srcu_torture_stats,
918 	.get_gp_data	= srcu_get_gp_data,
919 	.cbflood_max	= 50000,
920 	.irq_capable	= 1,
921 	.no_pi_lock	= IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_TINY_SRCU),
922 	.debug_objects	= 1,
923 	.have_up_down	= IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_TINY_SRCU)
924 				? 0 : SRCU_READ_FLAVOR_NORMAL | SRCU_READ_FLAVOR_FAST_UPDOWN,
925 	.name		= "srcu"
926 };
927 
928 static void srcud_torture_init(void)
929 {
930 	rcu_sync_torture_init();
931 	if (!reader_flavor || (reader_flavor & SRCU_READ_FLAVOR_NORMAL)) {
932 		WARN_ON(init_srcu_struct(&srcu_ctld));
933 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("srcud_torture_init normal SRCU");
934 	} else if (reader_flavor & SRCU_READ_FLAVOR_NMI) {
935 		WARN_ON(init_srcu_struct(&srcu_ctld));
936 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("srcud_torture_init NMI-safe SRCU");
937 	} else if (reader_flavor & SRCU_READ_FLAVOR_FAST) {
938 		WARN_ON(init_srcu_struct_fast(&srcu_ctld));
939 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("srcud_torture_init fast SRCU");
940 	} else if (reader_flavor & SRCU_READ_FLAVOR_FAST_UPDOWN) {
941 		WARN_ON(init_srcu_struct_fast_updown(&srcu_ctld));
942 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("srcud_torture_init fast-up/down SRCU");
943 	} else {
944 		WARN_ON(init_srcu_struct(&srcu_ctld));
945 	}
946 	srcu_ctlp = &srcu_ctld;
947 }
948 
949 static void srcu_torture_cleanup(void)
950 {
951 	cleanup_srcu_struct(&srcu_ctld);
952 	srcu_ctlp = &srcu_ctl; /* In case of a later rcutorture run. */
953 }
954 
955 /* As above, but dynamically allocated. */
956 static struct rcu_torture_ops srcud_ops = {
957 	.ttype		= SRCU_FLAVOR,
958 	.init		= srcud_torture_init,
959 	.cleanup	= srcu_torture_cleanup,
960 	.readlock	= srcu_torture_read_lock,
961 	.read_delay	= srcu_read_delay,
962 	.readunlock	= srcu_torture_read_unlock,
963 	.readlock_held	= torture_srcu_read_lock_held,
964 	.down_read	= srcu_torture_down_read,
965 	.up_read	= srcu_torture_up_read,
966 	.get_gp_seq	= srcu_torture_completed,
967 	.gp_diff	= rcu_seq_diff,
968 	.deferred_free	= srcu_torture_deferred_free,
969 	.sync		= srcu_torture_synchronize,
970 	.exp_sync	= srcu_torture_synchronize_expedited,
971 	.exp_current	= srcu_torture_expedite_current,
972 	.same_gp_state	= same_state_synchronize_srcu,
973 	.get_comp_state = get_completed_synchronize_srcu,
974 	.get_gp_state	= srcu_torture_get_gp_state,
975 	.start_gp_poll	= srcu_torture_start_gp_poll,
976 	.poll_gp_state	= srcu_torture_poll_gp_state,
977 	.poll_active	= NUM_ACTIVE_SRCU_POLL_OLDSTATE,
978 	.call		= srcu_torture_call,
979 	.cb_barrier	= srcu_torture_barrier,
980 	.stats		= srcu_torture_stats,
981 	.get_gp_data	= srcu_get_gp_data,
982 	.cbflood_max	= 50000,
983 	.irq_capable	= 1,
984 	.no_pi_lock	= IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_TINY_SRCU),
985 	.debug_objects	= 1,
986 	.have_up_down	= IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_TINY_SRCU)
987 				? 0 : SRCU_READ_FLAVOR_NORMAL | SRCU_READ_FLAVOR_FAST_UPDOWN,
988 	.name		= "srcud"
989 };
990 
991 /* As above, but broken due to inappropriate reader extension. */
992 static struct rcu_torture_ops busted_srcud_ops = {
993 	.ttype		= SRCU_FLAVOR,
994 	.init		= srcu_torture_init,
995 	.cleanup	= srcu_torture_cleanup,
996 	.readlock	= srcu_torture_read_lock,
997 	.read_delay	= rcu_read_delay,
998 	.readunlock	= srcu_torture_read_unlock,
999 	.readlock_held	= torture_srcu_read_lock_held,
1000 	.get_gp_seq	= srcu_torture_completed,
1001 	.deferred_free	= srcu_torture_deferred_free,
1002 	.sync		= srcu_torture_synchronize,
1003 	.exp_sync	= srcu_torture_synchronize_expedited,
1004 	.call		= srcu_torture_call,
1005 	.cb_barrier	= srcu_torture_barrier,
1006 	.stats		= srcu_torture_stats,
1007 	.irq_capable	= 1,
1008 	.no_pi_lock	= IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_TINY_SRCU),
1009 	.extendables	= RCUTORTURE_MAX_EXTEND,
1010 	.name		= "busted_srcud"
1011 };
1012 
1013 /*
1014  * Definitions for trivial CONFIG_PREEMPT=n-only torture testing.
1015  * This implementation does not work well with CPU hotplug nor
1016  * with rcutorture's shuffling.
1017  */
1018 
1019 static void synchronize_rcu_trivial(void)
1020 {
1021 	int cpu;
1022 
1023 	for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
1024 		torture_sched_setaffinity(current->pid, cpumask_of(cpu), true);
1025 		WARN_ON_ONCE(raw_smp_processor_id() != cpu);
1026 	}
1027 }
1028 
1029 static void rcu_sync_torture_init_trivial(void)
1030 {
1031 	rcu_sync_torture_init();
1032 	// if (onoff_interval || shuffle_interval) {
1033 	if (WARN_ONCE(onoff_interval || shuffle_interval, "%s: Non-zero onoff_interval (%d) or shuffle_interval (%d) breaks trivial RCU, resetting to zero", __func__, onoff_interval, shuffle_interval)) {
1034 		onoff_interval = 0;
1035 		shuffle_interval = 0;
1036 	}
1037 }
1038 
1039 static int rcu_torture_read_lock_trivial(void)
1040 {
1041 	preempt_disable();
1042 	return 0;
1043 }
1044 
1045 static void rcu_torture_read_unlock_trivial(int idx)
1046 {
1047 	preempt_enable();
1048 }
1049 
1050 static struct rcu_torture_ops trivial_ops = {
1051 	.ttype		= RCU_TRIVIAL_FLAVOR,
1052 	.init		= rcu_sync_torture_init_trivial,
1053 	.readlock	= rcu_torture_read_lock_trivial,
1054 	.read_delay	= rcu_read_delay,  /* just reuse rcu's version. */
1055 	.readunlock	= rcu_torture_read_unlock_trivial,
1056 	.readlock_held	= torture_readlock_not_held,
1057 	.get_gp_seq	= rcu_no_completed,
1058 	.sync		= synchronize_rcu_trivial,
1059 	.exp_sync	= synchronize_rcu_trivial,
1060 	.irq_capable	= 1,
1061 	.name		= "trivial"
1062 };
1063 
1064 #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_RCU
1065 
1066 /*
1067  * Definitions for RCU-tasks torture testing.
1068  */
1069 
1070 static int tasks_torture_read_lock(void)
1071 {
1072 	return 0;
1073 }
1074 
1075 static void tasks_torture_read_unlock(int idx)
1076 {
1077 }
1078 
1079 static void rcu_tasks_torture_deferred_free(struct rcu_torture *p)
1080 {
1081 	call_rcu_tasks(&p->rtort_rcu, rcu_torture_cb);
1082 }
1083 
1084 static void synchronize_rcu_mult_test(void)
1085 {
1086 	synchronize_rcu_mult(call_rcu_tasks, call_rcu_hurry);
1087 }
1088 
1089 static struct rcu_torture_ops tasks_ops = {
1090 	.ttype		= RCU_TASKS_FLAVOR,
1091 	.init		= rcu_sync_torture_init,
1092 	.readlock	= tasks_torture_read_lock,
1093 	.read_delay	= rcu_read_delay,  /* just reuse rcu's version. */
1094 	.readunlock	= tasks_torture_read_unlock,
1095 	.get_gp_seq	= rcu_no_completed,
1096 	.deferred_free	= rcu_tasks_torture_deferred_free,
1097 	.sync		= synchronize_rcu_tasks,
1098 	.exp_sync	= synchronize_rcu_mult_test,
1099 	.call		= call_rcu_tasks,
1100 	.cb_barrier	= rcu_barrier_tasks,
1101 	.gp_kthread_dbg	= show_rcu_tasks_classic_gp_kthread,
1102 	.get_gp_data	= rcu_tasks_get_gp_data,
1103 	.irq_capable	= 1,
1104 	.slow_gps	= 1,
1105 	.name		= "tasks"
1106 };
1107 
1108 #define TASKS_OPS &tasks_ops,
1109 
1110 #else // #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_RCU
1111 
1112 #define TASKS_OPS
1113 
1114 #endif // #else #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_RCU
1115 
1116 
1117 #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_RUDE_RCU
1118 
1119 /*
1120  * Definitions for rude RCU-tasks torture testing.
1121  */
1122 
1123 static struct rcu_torture_ops tasks_rude_ops = {
1124 	.ttype		= RCU_TASKS_RUDE_FLAVOR,
1125 	.init		= rcu_sync_torture_init,
1126 	.readlock	= rcu_torture_read_lock_trivial,
1127 	.read_delay	= rcu_read_delay,  /* just reuse rcu's version. */
1128 	.readunlock	= rcu_torture_read_unlock_trivial,
1129 	.get_gp_seq	= rcu_no_completed,
1130 	.sync		= synchronize_rcu_tasks_rude,
1131 	.exp_sync	= synchronize_rcu_tasks_rude,
1132 	.gp_kthread_dbg	= show_rcu_tasks_rude_gp_kthread,
1133 	.get_gp_data	= rcu_tasks_rude_get_gp_data,
1134 	.cbflood_max	= 50000,
1135 	.irq_capable	= 1,
1136 	.name		= "tasks-rude"
1137 };
1138 
1139 #define TASKS_RUDE_OPS &tasks_rude_ops,
1140 
1141 #else // #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_RUDE_RCU
1142 
1143 #define TASKS_RUDE_OPS
1144 
1145 #endif // #else #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_RUDE_RCU
1146 
1147 
1148 #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_TRACE_RCU
1149 
1150 /*
1151  * Definitions for tracing RCU-tasks torture testing.
1152  */
1153 
1154 static int tasks_tracing_torture_read_lock(void)
1155 {
1156 	rcu_read_lock_trace();
1157 	return 0;
1158 }
1159 
1160 static void tasks_tracing_torture_read_unlock(int idx)
1161 {
1162 	rcu_read_unlock_trace();
1163 }
1164 
1165 static void rcu_tasks_tracing_torture_deferred_free(struct rcu_torture *p)
1166 {
1167 	call_rcu_tasks_trace(&p->rtort_rcu, rcu_torture_cb);
1168 }
1169 
1170 static struct rcu_torture_ops tasks_tracing_ops = {
1171 	.ttype		= RCU_TASKS_TRACING_FLAVOR,
1172 	.init		= rcu_sync_torture_init,
1173 	.readlock	= tasks_tracing_torture_read_lock,
1174 	.read_delay	= srcu_read_delay,  /* just reuse srcu's version. */
1175 	.readunlock	= tasks_tracing_torture_read_unlock,
1176 	.readlock_held	= rcu_read_lock_trace_held,
1177 	.get_gp_seq	= rcu_no_completed,
1178 	.deferred_free	= rcu_tasks_tracing_torture_deferred_free,
1179 	.sync		= synchronize_rcu_tasks_trace,
1180 	.exp_sync	= synchronize_rcu_tasks_trace,
1181 	.exp_current	= rcu_tasks_trace_expedite_current,
1182 	.call		= call_rcu_tasks_trace,
1183 	.cb_barrier	= rcu_barrier_tasks_trace,
1184 	.cbflood_max	= 50000,
1185 	.irq_capable	= 1,
1186 	.slow_gps	= 1,
1187 	.name		= "tasks-tracing"
1188 };
1189 
1190 #define TASKS_TRACING_OPS &tasks_tracing_ops,
1191 
1192 #else // #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_TRACE_RCU
1193 
1194 #define TASKS_TRACING_OPS
1195 
1196 #endif // #else #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_TRACE_RCU
1197 
1198 
1199 static unsigned long rcutorture_seq_diff(unsigned long new, unsigned long old)
1200 {
1201 	if (!cur_ops->gp_diff)
1202 		return new - old;
1203 	return cur_ops->gp_diff(new, old);
1204 }
1205 
1206 /*
1207  * RCU torture priority-boost testing.  Runs one real-time thread per
1208  * CPU for moderate bursts, repeatedly starting grace periods and waiting
1209  * for them to complete.  If a given grace period takes too long, we assume
1210  * that priority inversion has occurred.
1211  */
1212 
1213 static int old_rt_runtime = -1;
1214 
1215 static void rcu_torture_disable_rt_throttle(void)
1216 {
1217 	/*
1218 	 * Disable RT throttling so that rcutorture's boost threads don't get
1219 	 * throttled. Only possible if rcutorture is built-in otherwise the
1220 	 * user should manually do this by setting the sched_rt_period_us and
1221 	 * sched_rt_runtime sysctls.
1222 	 */
1223 	if (!IS_BUILTIN(CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST) || old_rt_runtime != -1)
1224 		return;
1225 
1226 	old_rt_runtime = sysctl_sched_rt_runtime;
1227 	sysctl_sched_rt_runtime = -1;
1228 }
1229 
1230 static void rcu_torture_enable_rt_throttle(void)
1231 {
1232 	if (!IS_BUILTIN(CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST) || old_rt_runtime == -1)
1233 		return;
1234 
1235 	sysctl_sched_rt_runtime = old_rt_runtime;
1236 	old_rt_runtime = -1;
1237 }
1238 
1239 static bool rcu_torture_boost_failed(unsigned long gp_state, unsigned long *start)
1240 {
1241 	int cpu;
1242 	static int dbg_done;
1243 	unsigned long end = jiffies;
1244 	bool gp_done;
1245 	unsigned long j;
1246 	static unsigned long last_persist;
1247 	unsigned long lp;
1248 	unsigned long mininterval = test_boost_duration * HZ - HZ / 2;
1249 
1250 	if (end - *start > mininterval) {
1251 		// Recheck after checking time to avoid false positives.
1252 		smp_mb(); // Time check before grace-period check.
1253 		if (cur_ops->poll_gp_state(gp_state))
1254 			return false; // passed, though perhaps just barely
1255 		if (cur_ops->check_boost_failed && !cur_ops->check_boost_failed(gp_state, &cpu)) {
1256 			// At most one persisted message per boost test.
1257 			j = jiffies;
1258 			lp = READ_ONCE(last_persist);
1259 			if (time_after(j, lp + mininterval) &&
1260 			    cmpxchg(&last_persist, lp, j) == lp) {
1261 				if (cpu < 0)
1262 					pr_info("Boost inversion persisted: QS from all CPUs\n");
1263 				else
1264 					pr_info("Boost inversion persisted: No QS from CPU %d\n", cpu);
1265 			}
1266 			return false; // passed on a technicality
1267 		}
1268 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_boost boosting failed");
1269 		n_rcu_torture_boost_failure++;
1270 		if (!xchg(&dbg_done, 1) && cur_ops->gp_kthread_dbg) {
1271 			pr_info("Boost inversion thread ->rt_priority %u gp_state %lu jiffies %lu\n",
1272 				current->rt_priority, gp_state, end - *start);
1273 			cur_ops->gp_kthread_dbg();
1274 			// Recheck after print to flag grace period ending during splat.
1275 			gp_done = cur_ops->poll_gp_state(gp_state);
1276 			pr_info("Boost inversion: GP %lu %s.\n", gp_state,
1277 				gp_done ? "ended already" : "still pending");
1278 
1279 		}
1280 
1281 		return true; // failed
1282 	} else if (cur_ops->check_boost_failed && !cur_ops->check_boost_failed(gp_state, NULL)) {
1283 		*start = jiffies;
1284 	}
1285 
1286 	return false; // passed
1287 }
1288 
1289 static int rcu_torture_boost(void *arg)
1290 {
1291 	unsigned long endtime;
1292 	unsigned long gp_state;
1293 	unsigned long gp_state_time;
1294 	unsigned long oldstarttime;
1295 	unsigned long booststarttime = get_torture_init_jiffies() + test_boost_holdoff * HZ;
1296 
1297 	if (test_boost_holdoff <= 0 || time_after(jiffies, booststarttime)) {
1298 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_boost started");
1299 	} else {
1300 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_boost started holdoff period");
1301 		while (time_before(jiffies, booststarttime)) {
1302 			schedule_timeout_idle(HZ);
1303 			if (kthread_should_stop())
1304 				goto cleanup;
1305 		}
1306 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_boost finished holdoff period");
1307 	}
1308 
1309 	/* Set real-time priority. */
1310 	sched_set_fifo_low(current);
1311 
1312 	/* Each pass through the following loop does one boost-test cycle. */
1313 	do {
1314 		bool failed = false; // Test failed already in this test interval
1315 		bool gp_initiated = false;
1316 
1317 		if (kthread_should_stop())
1318 			goto checkwait;
1319 
1320 		/* Wait for the next test interval. */
1321 		oldstarttime = READ_ONCE(boost_starttime);
1322 		while (time_before(jiffies, oldstarttime)) {
1323 			schedule_timeout_interruptible(oldstarttime - jiffies);
1324 			if (stutter_wait("rcu_torture_boost"))
1325 				sched_set_fifo_low(current);
1326 			if (torture_must_stop())
1327 				goto checkwait;
1328 		}
1329 
1330 		// Do one boost-test interval.
1331 		endtime = oldstarttime + test_boost_duration * HZ;
1332 		while (time_before(jiffies, endtime)) {
1333 			// Has current GP gone too long?
1334 			if (gp_initiated && !failed && !cur_ops->poll_gp_state(gp_state))
1335 				failed = rcu_torture_boost_failed(gp_state, &gp_state_time);
1336 			// If we don't have a grace period in flight, start one.
1337 			if (!gp_initiated || cur_ops->poll_gp_state(gp_state)) {
1338 				gp_state = cur_ops->start_gp_poll();
1339 				gp_initiated = true;
1340 				gp_state_time = jiffies;
1341 			}
1342 			if (stutter_wait("rcu_torture_boost")) {
1343 				sched_set_fifo_low(current);
1344 				// If the grace period already ended,
1345 				// we don't know when that happened, so
1346 				// start over.
1347 				if (cur_ops->poll_gp_state(gp_state))
1348 					gp_initiated = false;
1349 			}
1350 			if (torture_must_stop())
1351 				goto checkwait;
1352 		}
1353 
1354 		// In case the grace period extended beyond the end of the loop.
1355 		if (gp_initiated && !failed && !cur_ops->poll_gp_state(gp_state))
1356 			rcu_torture_boost_failed(gp_state, &gp_state_time);
1357 
1358 		/*
1359 		 * Set the start time of the next test interval.
1360 		 * Yes, this is vulnerable to long delays, but such
1361 		 * delays simply cause a false negative for the next
1362 		 * interval.  Besides, we are running at RT priority,
1363 		 * so delays should be relatively rare.
1364 		 */
1365 		while (oldstarttime == READ_ONCE(boost_starttime) && !kthread_should_stop()) {
1366 			if (mutex_trylock(&boost_mutex)) {
1367 				if (oldstarttime == boost_starttime) {
1368 					WRITE_ONCE(boost_starttime,
1369 						   jiffies + test_boost_interval * HZ);
1370 					n_rcu_torture_boosts++;
1371 				}
1372 				mutex_unlock(&boost_mutex);
1373 				break;
1374 			}
1375 			schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(HZ / 20);
1376 		}
1377 
1378 		/* Go do the stutter. */
1379 checkwait:	if (stutter_wait("rcu_torture_boost"))
1380 			sched_set_fifo_low(current);
1381 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
1382 
1383 cleanup:
1384 	/* Clean up and exit. */
1385 	while (!kthread_should_stop()) {
1386 		torture_shutdown_absorb("rcu_torture_boost");
1387 		schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(HZ / 20);
1388 	}
1389 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_boost");
1390 	return 0;
1391 }
1392 
1393 /*
1394  * RCU torture force-quiescent-state kthread.  Repeatedly induces
1395  * bursts of calls to force_quiescent_state(), increasing the probability
1396  * of occurrence of some important types of race conditions.
1397  */
1398 static int
1399 rcu_torture_fqs(void *arg)
1400 {
1401 	unsigned long fqs_resume_time;
1402 	int fqs_burst_remaining;
1403 	int oldnice = task_nice(current);
1404 
1405 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_fqs task started");
1406 	do {
1407 		fqs_resume_time = jiffies + fqs_stutter * HZ;
1408 		while (time_before(jiffies, fqs_resume_time) &&
1409 		       !kthread_should_stop()) {
1410 			schedule_timeout_interruptible(HZ / 20);
1411 		}
1412 		fqs_burst_remaining = fqs_duration;
1413 		while (fqs_burst_remaining > 0 &&
1414 		       !kthread_should_stop()) {
1415 			cur_ops->fqs();
1416 			udelay(fqs_holdoff);
1417 			fqs_burst_remaining -= fqs_holdoff;
1418 		}
1419 		if (stutter_wait("rcu_torture_fqs"))
1420 			sched_set_normal(current, oldnice);
1421 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
1422 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_fqs");
1423 	return 0;
1424 }
1425 
1426 // Used by writers to randomly choose from the available grace-period primitives.
1427 static int synctype[ARRAY_SIZE(rcu_torture_writer_state_names)] = { };
1428 static int nsynctypes;
1429 
1430 /*
1431  * Determine which grace-period primitives are available.
1432  */
1433 static void rcu_torture_write_types(void)
1434 {
1435 	bool gp_cond1 = gp_cond, gp_cond_exp1 = gp_cond_exp, gp_cond_full1 = gp_cond_full;
1436 	bool gp_cond_exp_full1 = gp_cond_exp_full, gp_exp1 = gp_exp, gp_poll_exp1 = gp_poll_exp;
1437 	bool gp_poll_exp_full1 = gp_poll_exp_full, gp_normal1 = gp_normal, gp_poll1 = gp_poll;
1438 	bool gp_poll_full1 = gp_poll_full, gp_sync1 = gp_sync;
1439 
1440 	/* Initialize synctype[] array.  If none set, take default. */
1441 	if (!gp_cond1 &&
1442 	    !gp_cond_exp1 &&
1443 	    !gp_cond_full1 &&
1444 	    !gp_cond_exp_full1 &&
1445 	    !gp_exp1 &&
1446 	    !gp_poll_exp1 &&
1447 	    !gp_poll_exp_full1 &&
1448 	    !gp_normal1 &&
1449 	    !gp_poll1 &&
1450 	    !gp_poll_full1 &&
1451 	    !gp_sync1) {
1452 		gp_cond1 = true;
1453 		gp_cond_exp1 = true;
1454 		gp_cond_full1 = true;
1455 		gp_cond_exp_full1 = true;
1456 		gp_exp1 = true;
1457 		gp_poll_exp1 = true;
1458 		gp_poll_exp_full1 = true;
1459 		gp_normal1 = true;
1460 		gp_poll1 = true;
1461 		gp_poll_full1 = true;
1462 		gp_sync1 = true;
1463 	}
1464 	if (gp_cond1 && cur_ops->get_gp_state && cur_ops->cond_sync) {
1465 		synctype[nsynctypes++] = RTWS_COND_GET;
1466 		pr_info("%s: Testing conditional GPs.\n", __func__);
1467 	} else if (gp_cond && (!cur_ops->get_gp_state || !cur_ops->cond_sync)) {
1468 		pr_alert("%s: gp_cond without primitives.\n", __func__);
1469 	}
1470 	if (gp_cond_exp1 && cur_ops->get_gp_state_exp && cur_ops->cond_sync_exp) {
1471 		synctype[nsynctypes++] = RTWS_COND_GET_EXP;
1472 		pr_info("%s: Testing conditional expedited GPs.\n", __func__);
1473 	} else if (gp_cond_exp && (!cur_ops->get_gp_state_exp || !cur_ops->cond_sync_exp)) {
1474 		pr_alert("%s: gp_cond_exp without primitives.\n", __func__);
1475 	}
1476 	if (gp_cond_full1 && cur_ops->get_gp_state && cur_ops->cond_sync_full) {
1477 		synctype[nsynctypes++] = RTWS_COND_GET_FULL;
1478 		pr_info("%s: Testing conditional full-state GPs.\n", __func__);
1479 	} else if (gp_cond_full && (!cur_ops->get_gp_state || !cur_ops->cond_sync_full)) {
1480 		pr_alert("%s: gp_cond_full without primitives.\n", __func__);
1481 	}
1482 	if (gp_cond_exp_full1 && cur_ops->get_gp_state_exp && cur_ops->cond_sync_exp_full) {
1483 		synctype[nsynctypes++] = RTWS_COND_GET_EXP_FULL;
1484 		pr_info("%s: Testing conditional full-state expedited GPs.\n", __func__);
1485 	} else if (gp_cond_exp_full &&
1486 		   (!cur_ops->get_gp_state_exp || !cur_ops->cond_sync_exp_full)) {
1487 		pr_alert("%s: gp_cond_exp_full without primitives.\n", __func__);
1488 	}
1489 	if (gp_exp1 && cur_ops->exp_sync) {
1490 		synctype[nsynctypes++] = RTWS_EXP_SYNC;
1491 		pr_info("%s: Testing expedited GPs.\n", __func__);
1492 	} else if (gp_exp && !cur_ops->exp_sync) {
1493 		pr_alert("%s: gp_exp without primitives.\n", __func__);
1494 	}
1495 	if (gp_normal1 && cur_ops->deferred_free) {
1496 		synctype[nsynctypes++] = RTWS_DEF_FREE;
1497 		pr_info("%s: Testing asynchronous GPs.\n", __func__);
1498 	} else if (gp_normal && !cur_ops->deferred_free) {
1499 		pr_alert("%s: gp_normal without primitives.\n", __func__);
1500 	}
1501 	if (gp_poll1 && cur_ops->get_comp_state && cur_ops->same_gp_state &&
1502 	    cur_ops->start_gp_poll && cur_ops->poll_gp_state) {
1503 		synctype[nsynctypes++] = RTWS_POLL_GET;
1504 		pr_info("%s: Testing polling GPs.\n", __func__);
1505 	} else if (gp_poll && (!cur_ops->start_gp_poll || !cur_ops->poll_gp_state)) {
1506 		pr_alert("%s: gp_poll without primitives.\n", __func__);
1507 	}
1508 	if (gp_poll_full1 && cur_ops->get_comp_state_full && cur_ops->same_gp_state_full
1509 	    && cur_ops->start_gp_poll_full && cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full) {
1510 		synctype[nsynctypes++] = RTWS_POLL_GET_FULL;
1511 		pr_info("%s: Testing polling full-state GPs.\n", __func__);
1512 	} else if (gp_poll_full && (!cur_ops->start_gp_poll_full || !cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full)) {
1513 		pr_alert("%s: gp_poll_full without primitives.\n", __func__);
1514 	}
1515 	if (gp_poll_exp1 && cur_ops->start_gp_poll_exp && cur_ops->poll_gp_state_exp) {
1516 		synctype[nsynctypes++] = RTWS_POLL_GET_EXP;
1517 		pr_info("%s: Testing polling expedited GPs.\n", __func__);
1518 	} else if (gp_poll_exp && (!cur_ops->start_gp_poll_exp || !cur_ops->poll_gp_state_exp)) {
1519 		pr_alert("%s: gp_poll_exp without primitives.\n", __func__);
1520 	}
1521 	if (gp_poll_exp_full1 && cur_ops->start_gp_poll_exp_full && cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full) {
1522 		synctype[nsynctypes++] = RTWS_POLL_GET_EXP_FULL;
1523 		pr_info("%s: Testing polling full-state expedited GPs.\n", __func__);
1524 	} else if (gp_poll_exp_full &&
1525 		   (!cur_ops->start_gp_poll_exp_full || !cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full)) {
1526 		pr_alert("%s: gp_poll_exp_full without primitives.\n", __func__);
1527 	}
1528 	if (gp_sync1 && cur_ops->sync) {
1529 		synctype[nsynctypes++] = RTWS_SYNC;
1530 		pr_info("%s: Testing normal GPs.\n", __func__);
1531 	} else if (gp_sync && !cur_ops->sync) {
1532 		pr_alert("%s: gp_sync without primitives.\n", __func__);
1533 	}
1534 	pr_alert("%s: Testing %d update types.\n", __func__, nsynctypes);
1535 	pr_info("%s: gp_cond_wi %d gp_cond_wi_exp %d gp_poll_wi %d gp_poll_wi_exp %d\n", __func__, gp_cond_wi, gp_cond_wi_exp, gp_poll_wi, gp_poll_wi_exp);
1536 }
1537 
1538 /*
1539  * Do the specified rcu_torture_writer() synchronous grace period,
1540  * while also testing out the polled APIs.  Note well that the single-CPU
1541  * grace-period optimizations must be accounted for.
1542  */
1543 static void do_rtws_sync(struct torture_random_state *trsp, void (*sync)(void))
1544 {
1545 	unsigned long cookie;
1546 	struct rcu_gp_oldstate cookie_full;
1547 	bool dopoll;
1548 	bool dopoll_full;
1549 	unsigned long r = torture_random(trsp);
1550 
1551 	dopoll = cur_ops->get_gp_state && cur_ops->poll_gp_state && !(r & 0x300);
1552 	dopoll_full = cur_ops->get_gp_state_full && cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full && !(r & 0xc00);
1553 	if (dopoll || dopoll_full)
1554 		cpus_read_lock();
1555 	if (dopoll)
1556 		cookie = cur_ops->get_gp_state();
1557 	if (dopoll_full)
1558 		cur_ops->get_gp_state_full(&cookie_full);
1559 	if (cur_ops->poll_need_2gp && cur_ops->poll_need_2gp(dopoll, dopoll_full))
1560 		sync();
1561 	sync();
1562 	WARN_ONCE(dopoll && !cur_ops->poll_gp_state(cookie),
1563 		  "%s: Cookie check 3 failed %pS() online %*pbl.",
1564 		  __func__, sync, cpumask_pr_args(cpu_online_mask));
1565 	WARN_ONCE(dopoll_full && !cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full(&cookie_full),
1566 		  "%s: Cookie check 4 failed %pS() online %*pbl",
1567 		  __func__, sync, cpumask_pr_args(cpu_online_mask));
1568 	if (dopoll || dopoll_full)
1569 		cpus_read_unlock();
1570 }
1571 
1572 /*
1573  * RCU torture writer kthread.  Repeatedly substitutes a new structure
1574  * for that pointed to by rcu_torture_current, freeing the old structure
1575  * after a series of grace periods (the "pipeline").
1576  */
1577 static int
1578 rcu_torture_writer(void *arg)
1579 {
1580 	bool booting_still = false;
1581 	bool can_expedite = !rcu_gp_is_expedited() && !rcu_gp_is_normal();
1582 	unsigned long cookie;
1583 	struct rcu_gp_oldstate cookie_full;
1584 	int expediting = 0;
1585 	unsigned long gp_snap;
1586 	unsigned long gp_snap1;
1587 	struct rcu_gp_oldstate gp_snap_full;
1588 	struct rcu_gp_oldstate gp_snap1_full;
1589 	int i;
1590 	int idx;
1591 	unsigned long j;
1592 	int oldnice = task_nice(current);
1593 	struct rcu_gp_oldstate *rgo = NULL;
1594 	int rgo_size = 0;
1595 	struct rcu_torture *rp;
1596 	struct rcu_torture *old_rp;
1597 	static DEFINE_TORTURE_RANDOM(rand);
1598 	unsigned long stallsdone = jiffies;
1599 	bool stutter_waited;
1600 	unsigned long *ulo = NULL;
1601 	int ulo_size = 0;
1602 
1603 	// If a new stall test is added, this must be adjusted.
1604 	if (stall_cpu_holdoff + stall_gp_kthread + stall_cpu)
1605 		stallsdone += (stall_cpu_holdoff + stall_gp_kthread + stall_cpu + 60) *
1606 			      HZ * (stall_cpu_repeat + 1);
1607 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_writer task started");
1608 	if (!can_expedite)
1609 		pr_alert("%s" TORTURE_FLAG
1610 			 " GP expediting controlled from boot/sysfs for %s.\n",
1611 			 torture_type, cur_ops->name);
1612 	if (WARN_ONCE(nsynctypes == 0,
1613 		      "%s: No update-side primitives.\n", __func__)) {
1614 		/*
1615 		 * No updates primitives, so don't try updating.
1616 		 * The resulting test won't be testing much, hence the
1617 		 * above WARN_ONCE().
1618 		 */
1619 		rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_STOPPING;
1620 		torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_writer");
1621 		return 0;
1622 	}
1623 	if (cur_ops->poll_active > 0) {
1624 		ulo = kcalloc(cur_ops->poll_active, sizeof(*ulo), GFP_KERNEL);
1625 		if (!WARN_ON(!ulo))
1626 			ulo_size = cur_ops->poll_active;
1627 	}
1628 	if (cur_ops->poll_active_full > 0) {
1629 		rgo = kcalloc(cur_ops->poll_active_full, sizeof(*rgo), GFP_KERNEL);
1630 		if (!WARN_ON(!rgo))
1631 			rgo_size = cur_ops->poll_active_full;
1632 	}
1633 
1634 	// If the system is still booting, let it finish.
1635 	j = jiffies;
1636 	while (!torture_must_stop() && !rcu_inkernel_boot_has_ended()) {
1637 		booting_still = true;
1638 		schedule_timeout_interruptible(HZ);
1639 	}
1640 	if (booting_still)
1641 		pr_alert("%s" TORTURE_FLAG " Waited %lu jiffies for boot to complete.\n",
1642 			 torture_type, jiffies - j);
1643 
1644 	do {
1645 		rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_FIXED_DELAY;
1646 		torture_hrtimeout_us(500, 1000, &rand);
1647 		rp = rcu_torture_alloc();
1648 		if (rp == NULL)
1649 			continue;
1650 		rp->rtort_pipe_count = 0;
1651 		ASSERT_EXCLUSIVE_WRITER(rp->rtort_pipe_count);
1652 		rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_DELAY;
1653 		udelay(torture_random(&rand) & 0x3ff);
1654 		rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_REPLACE;
1655 		old_rp = rcu_dereference_check(rcu_torture_current,
1656 					       current == writer_task);
1657 		rp->rtort_mbtest = 1;
1658 		rcu_assign_pointer(rcu_torture_current, rp);
1659 		smp_wmb(); /* Mods to old_rp must follow rcu_assign_pointer() */
1660 		if (old_rp) {
1661 			i = old_rp->rtort_pipe_count;
1662 			if (i > RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN)
1663 				i = RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN;
1664 			atomic_inc(&rcu_torture_wcount[i]);
1665 			WRITE_ONCE(old_rp->rtort_pipe_count,
1666 				   old_rp->rtort_pipe_count + 1);
1667 			ASSERT_EXCLUSIVE_WRITER(old_rp->rtort_pipe_count);
1668 
1669 			// Make sure readers block polled grace periods.
1670 			if (cur_ops->get_gp_state && cur_ops->poll_gp_state) {
1671 				idx = cur_ops->readlock();
1672 				cookie = cur_ops->get_gp_state();
1673 				WARN_ONCE(cur_ops->poll_gp_state(cookie),
1674 					  "%s: Cookie check 1 failed %s(%d) %lu->%lu\n",
1675 					  __func__,
1676 					  rcu_torture_writer_state_getname(),
1677 					  rcu_torture_writer_state,
1678 					  cookie, cur_ops->get_gp_state());
1679 				if (cur_ops->get_comp_state) {
1680 					cookie = cur_ops->get_comp_state();
1681 					WARN_ON_ONCE(!cur_ops->poll_gp_state(cookie));
1682 				}
1683 				cur_ops->readunlock(idx);
1684 			}
1685 			if (cur_ops->get_gp_state_full && cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full) {
1686 				idx = cur_ops->readlock();
1687 				cur_ops->get_gp_state_full(&cookie_full);
1688 				WARN_ONCE(cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full(&cookie_full),
1689 					  "%s: Cookie check 5 failed %s(%d) online %*pbl\n",
1690 					  __func__,
1691 					  rcu_torture_writer_state_getname(),
1692 					  rcu_torture_writer_state,
1693 					  cpumask_pr_args(cpu_online_mask));
1694 				if (cur_ops->get_comp_state_full) {
1695 					cur_ops->get_comp_state_full(&cookie_full);
1696 					WARN_ON_ONCE(!cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full(&cookie_full));
1697 				}
1698 				cur_ops->readunlock(idx);
1699 			}
1700 			switch (synctype[torture_random(&rand) % nsynctypes]) {
1701 			case RTWS_DEF_FREE:
1702 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_DEF_FREE;
1703 				cur_ops->deferred_free(old_rp);
1704 				break;
1705 			case RTWS_EXP_SYNC:
1706 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_EXP_SYNC;
1707 				do_rtws_sync(&rand, cur_ops->exp_sync);
1708 				rcu_torture_pipe_update(old_rp);
1709 				break;
1710 			case RTWS_COND_GET:
1711 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_COND_GET;
1712 				gp_snap = cur_ops->get_gp_state();
1713 				torture_hrtimeout_us(torture_random(&rand) % gp_cond_wi,
1714 						     1000, &rand);
1715 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_COND_SYNC;
1716 				cur_ops->cond_sync(gp_snap);
1717 				rcu_torture_pipe_update(old_rp);
1718 				break;
1719 			case RTWS_COND_GET_EXP:
1720 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_COND_GET_EXP;
1721 				gp_snap = cur_ops->get_gp_state_exp();
1722 				torture_hrtimeout_us(torture_random(&rand) % gp_cond_wi_exp,
1723 						     1000, &rand);
1724 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_COND_SYNC_EXP;
1725 				cur_ops->cond_sync_exp(gp_snap);
1726 				rcu_torture_pipe_update(old_rp);
1727 				break;
1728 			case RTWS_COND_GET_FULL:
1729 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_COND_GET_FULL;
1730 				cur_ops->get_gp_state_full(&gp_snap_full);
1731 				torture_hrtimeout_us(torture_random(&rand) % gp_cond_wi,
1732 						     1000, &rand);
1733 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_COND_SYNC_FULL;
1734 				cur_ops->cond_sync_full(&gp_snap_full);
1735 				rcu_torture_pipe_update(old_rp);
1736 				break;
1737 			case RTWS_COND_GET_EXP_FULL:
1738 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_COND_GET_EXP_FULL;
1739 				cur_ops->get_gp_state_full(&gp_snap_full);
1740 				torture_hrtimeout_us(torture_random(&rand) % gp_cond_wi_exp,
1741 						     1000, &rand);
1742 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_COND_SYNC_EXP_FULL;
1743 				cur_ops->cond_sync_exp_full(&gp_snap_full);
1744 				rcu_torture_pipe_update(old_rp);
1745 				break;
1746 			case RTWS_POLL_GET:
1747 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_POLL_GET;
1748 				for (i = 0; i < ulo_size; i++)
1749 					ulo[i] = cur_ops->get_comp_state();
1750 				gp_snap = cur_ops->start_gp_poll();
1751 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_POLL_WAIT;
1752 				if (cur_ops->exp_current && !(torture_random(&rand) & 0xff))
1753 					cur_ops->exp_current();
1754 				while (!cur_ops->poll_gp_state(gp_snap)) {
1755 					gp_snap1 = cur_ops->get_gp_state();
1756 					for (i = 0; i < ulo_size; i++)
1757 						if (cur_ops->poll_gp_state(ulo[i]) ||
1758 						    cur_ops->same_gp_state(ulo[i], gp_snap1)) {
1759 							ulo[i] = gp_snap1;
1760 							break;
1761 						}
1762 					WARN_ON_ONCE(ulo_size > 0 && i >= ulo_size);
1763 					torture_hrtimeout_us(torture_random(&rand) % gp_poll_wi,
1764 							     1000, &rand);
1765 				}
1766 				rcu_torture_pipe_update(old_rp);
1767 				break;
1768 			case RTWS_POLL_GET_FULL:
1769 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_POLL_GET_FULL;
1770 				for (i = 0; i < rgo_size; i++)
1771 					cur_ops->get_comp_state_full(&rgo[i]);
1772 				cur_ops->start_gp_poll_full(&gp_snap_full);
1773 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_POLL_WAIT_FULL;
1774 				if (cur_ops->exp_current && !(torture_random(&rand) & 0xff))
1775 					cur_ops->exp_current();
1776 				while (!cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full(&gp_snap_full)) {
1777 					cur_ops->get_gp_state_full(&gp_snap1_full);
1778 					for (i = 0; i < rgo_size; i++)
1779 						if (cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full(&rgo[i]) ||
1780 						    cur_ops->same_gp_state_full(&rgo[i],
1781 										&gp_snap1_full)) {
1782 							rgo[i] = gp_snap1_full;
1783 							break;
1784 						}
1785 					WARN_ON_ONCE(rgo_size > 0 && i >= rgo_size);
1786 					torture_hrtimeout_us(torture_random(&rand) % gp_poll_wi,
1787 							     1000, &rand);
1788 				}
1789 				rcu_torture_pipe_update(old_rp);
1790 				break;
1791 			case RTWS_POLL_GET_EXP:
1792 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_POLL_GET_EXP;
1793 				gp_snap = cur_ops->start_gp_poll_exp();
1794 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_POLL_WAIT_EXP;
1795 				while (!cur_ops->poll_gp_state_exp(gp_snap))
1796 					torture_hrtimeout_us(torture_random(&rand) % gp_poll_wi_exp,
1797 							     1000, &rand);
1798 				rcu_torture_pipe_update(old_rp);
1799 				break;
1800 			case RTWS_POLL_GET_EXP_FULL:
1801 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_POLL_GET_EXP_FULL;
1802 				cur_ops->start_gp_poll_exp_full(&gp_snap_full);
1803 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_POLL_WAIT_EXP_FULL;
1804 				while (!cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full(&gp_snap_full))
1805 					torture_hrtimeout_us(torture_random(&rand) % gp_poll_wi_exp,
1806 							     1000, &rand);
1807 				rcu_torture_pipe_update(old_rp);
1808 				break;
1809 			case RTWS_SYNC:
1810 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_SYNC;
1811 				do_rtws_sync(&rand, cur_ops->sync);
1812 				rcu_torture_pipe_update(old_rp);
1813 				break;
1814 			default:
1815 				WARN_ON_ONCE(1);
1816 				break;
1817 			}
1818 		}
1819 		WRITE_ONCE(rcu_torture_current_version,
1820 			   rcu_torture_current_version + 1);
1821 		/* Cycle through nesting levels of rcu_expedite_gp() calls. */
1822 		if (can_expedite &&
1823 		    !(torture_random(&rand) & 0xff & (!!expediting - 1))) {
1824 			WARN_ON_ONCE(expediting == 0 && rcu_gp_is_expedited());
1825 			if (expediting >= 0)
1826 				rcu_expedite_gp();
1827 			else
1828 				rcu_unexpedite_gp();
1829 			if (++expediting > 3)
1830 				expediting = -expediting;
1831 		} else if (!can_expedite) { /* Disabled during boot, recheck. */
1832 			can_expedite = !rcu_gp_is_expedited() &&
1833 				       !rcu_gp_is_normal();
1834 		}
1835 		rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_STUTTER;
1836 		stutter_waited = stutter_wait("rcu_torture_writer");
1837 		if (stutter_waited &&
1838 		    !atomic_read(&rcu_fwd_cb_nodelay) &&
1839 		    !cur_ops->slow_gps &&
1840 		    !torture_must_stop() &&
1841 		    time_after(jiffies, stallsdone))
1842 			for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(rcu_tortures); i++)
1843 				if (list_empty(&rcu_tortures[i].rtort_free) &&
1844 				    rcu_access_pointer(rcu_torture_current) != &rcu_tortures[i]) {
1845 					tracing_off();
1846 					if (cur_ops->gp_kthread_dbg)
1847 						cur_ops->gp_kthread_dbg();
1848 					WARN(1, "%s: rtort_pipe_count: %d\n", __func__, rcu_tortures[i].rtort_pipe_count);
1849 					rcu_ftrace_dump(DUMP_ALL);
1850 					break;
1851 				}
1852 		if (stutter_waited)
1853 			sched_set_normal(current, oldnice);
1854 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
1855 	rcu_torture_current = NULL;  // Let stats task know that we are done.
1856 	/* Reset expediting back to unexpedited. */
1857 	if (expediting > 0)
1858 		expediting = -expediting;
1859 	while (can_expedite && expediting++ < 0)
1860 		rcu_unexpedite_gp();
1861 	WARN_ON_ONCE(can_expedite && rcu_gp_is_expedited());
1862 	if (!can_expedite)
1863 		pr_alert("%s" TORTURE_FLAG
1864 			 " Dynamic grace-period expediting was disabled.\n",
1865 			 torture_type);
1866 	kfree(ulo);
1867 	kfree(rgo);
1868 	rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_STOPPING;
1869 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_writer");
1870 	return 0;
1871 }
1872 
1873 /*
1874  * RCU torture fake writer kthread.  Repeatedly calls sync, with a random
1875  * delay between calls.
1876  */
1877 static int
1878 rcu_torture_fakewriter(void *arg)
1879 {
1880 	unsigned long gp_snap;
1881 	struct rcu_gp_oldstate gp_snap_full;
1882 	DEFINE_TORTURE_RANDOM(rand);
1883 
1884 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_fakewriter task started");
1885 	set_user_nice(current, MAX_NICE);
1886 
1887 	if (WARN_ONCE(nsynctypes == 0,
1888 		      "%s: No update-side primitives.\n", __func__)) {
1889 		/*
1890 		 * No updates primitives, so don't try updating.
1891 		 * The resulting test won't be testing much, hence the
1892 		 * above WARN_ONCE().
1893 		 */
1894 		torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_fakewriter");
1895 		return 0;
1896 	}
1897 
1898 	do {
1899 		torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 10, &rand);
1900 		if (cur_ops->cb_barrier != NULL &&
1901 		    torture_random(&rand) % (nrealfakewriters * 8) == 0) {
1902 			cur_ops->cb_barrier();
1903 		} else {
1904 			switch (synctype[torture_random(&rand) % nsynctypes]) {
1905 			case RTWS_DEF_FREE:
1906 				break;
1907 			case RTWS_EXP_SYNC:
1908 				cur_ops->exp_sync();
1909 				break;
1910 			case RTWS_COND_GET:
1911 				gp_snap = cur_ops->get_gp_state();
1912 				torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 16, &rand);
1913 				cur_ops->cond_sync(gp_snap);
1914 				break;
1915 			case RTWS_COND_GET_EXP:
1916 				gp_snap = cur_ops->get_gp_state_exp();
1917 				torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 16, &rand);
1918 				cur_ops->cond_sync_exp(gp_snap);
1919 				break;
1920 			case RTWS_COND_GET_FULL:
1921 				cur_ops->get_gp_state_full(&gp_snap_full);
1922 				torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 16, &rand);
1923 				cur_ops->cond_sync_full(&gp_snap_full);
1924 				break;
1925 			case RTWS_COND_GET_EXP_FULL:
1926 				cur_ops->get_gp_state_full(&gp_snap_full);
1927 				torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 16, &rand);
1928 				cur_ops->cond_sync_exp_full(&gp_snap_full);
1929 				break;
1930 			case RTWS_POLL_GET:
1931 				if (cur_ops->start_poll_irqsoff)
1932 					local_irq_disable();
1933 				gp_snap = cur_ops->start_gp_poll();
1934 				if (cur_ops->start_poll_irqsoff)
1935 					local_irq_enable();
1936 				while (!cur_ops->poll_gp_state(gp_snap)) {
1937 					torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 16,
1938 								  &rand);
1939 				}
1940 				break;
1941 			case RTWS_POLL_GET_FULL:
1942 				if (cur_ops->start_poll_irqsoff)
1943 					local_irq_disable();
1944 				cur_ops->start_gp_poll_full(&gp_snap_full);
1945 				if (cur_ops->start_poll_irqsoff)
1946 					local_irq_enable();
1947 				while (!cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full(&gp_snap_full)) {
1948 					torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 16,
1949 								  &rand);
1950 				}
1951 				break;
1952 			case RTWS_POLL_GET_EXP:
1953 				gp_snap = cur_ops->start_gp_poll_exp();
1954 				while (!cur_ops->poll_gp_state_exp(gp_snap)) {
1955 					torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 16,
1956 								  &rand);
1957 				}
1958 				break;
1959 			case RTWS_POLL_GET_EXP_FULL:
1960 				cur_ops->start_gp_poll_exp_full(&gp_snap_full);
1961 				while (!cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full(&gp_snap_full)) {
1962 					torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 16,
1963 								  &rand);
1964 				}
1965 				break;
1966 			case RTWS_SYNC:
1967 				cur_ops->sync();
1968 				break;
1969 			default:
1970 				WARN_ON_ONCE(1);
1971 				break;
1972 			}
1973 		}
1974 		stutter_wait("rcu_torture_fakewriter");
1975 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
1976 
1977 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_fakewriter");
1978 	return 0;
1979 }
1980 
1981 static void rcu_torture_timer_cb(struct rcu_head *rhp)
1982 {
1983 	kfree(rhp);
1984 }
1985 
1986 // Set up and carry out testing of RCU's global memory ordering
1987 static void rcu_torture_reader_do_mbchk(long myid, struct rcu_torture *rtp,
1988 					struct torture_random_state *trsp)
1989 {
1990 	unsigned long loops;
1991 	int noc = torture_num_online_cpus();
1992 	int rdrchked;
1993 	int rdrchker;
1994 	struct rcu_torture_reader_check *rtrcp; // Me.
1995 	struct rcu_torture_reader_check *rtrcp_assigner; // Assigned us to do checking.
1996 	struct rcu_torture_reader_check *rtrcp_chked; // Reader being checked.
1997 	struct rcu_torture_reader_check *rtrcp_chker; // Reader doing checking when not me.
1998 
1999 	if (myid < 0)
2000 		return; // Don't try this from timer handlers.
2001 
2002 	// Increment my counter.
2003 	rtrcp = &rcu_torture_reader_mbchk[myid];
2004 	WRITE_ONCE(rtrcp->rtc_myloops, rtrcp->rtc_myloops + 1);
2005 
2006 	// Attempt to assign someone else some checking work.
2007 	rdrchked = torture_random(trsp) % nrealreaders;
2008 	rtrcp_chked = &rcu_torture_reader_mbchk[rdrchked];
2009 	rdrchker = torture_random(trsp) % nrealreaders;
2010 	rtrcp_chker = &rcu_torture_reader_mbchk[rdrchker];
2011 	if (rdrchked != myid && rdrchked != rdrchker && noc >= rdrchked && noc >= rdrchker &&
2012 	    smp_load_acquire(&rtrcp->rtc_chkrdr) < 0 && // Pairs with smp_store_release below.
2013 	    !READ_ONCE(rtp->rtort_chkp) &&
2014 	    !smp_load_acquire(&rtrcp_chker->rtc_assigner)) { // Pairs with smp_store_release below.
2015 		rtrcp->rtc_chkloops = READ_ONCE(rtrcp_chked->rtc_myloops);
2016 		WARN_ON_ONCE(rtrcp->rtc_chkrdr >= 0);
2017 		rtrcp->rtc_chkrdr = rdrchked;
2018 		WARN_ON_ONCE(rtrcp->rtc_ready); // This gets set after the grace period ends.
2019 		if (cmpxchg_relaxed(&rtrcp_chker->rtc_assigner, NULL, rtrcp) ||
2020 		    cmpxchg_relaxed(&rtp->rtort_chkp, NULL, rtrcp))
2021 			(void)cmpxchg_relaxed(&rtrcp_chker->rtc_assigner, rtrcp, NULL); // Back out.
2022 	}
2023 
2024 	// If assigned some completed work, do it!
2025 	rtrcp_assigner = READ_ONCE(rtrcp->rtc_assigner);
2026 	if (!rtrcp_assigner || !smp_load_acquire(&rtrcp_assigner->rtc_ready))
2027 		return; // No work or work not yet ready.
2028 	rdrchked = rtrcp_assigner->rtc_chkrdr;
2029 	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(rdrchked < 0))
2030 		return;
2031 	rtrcp_chked = &rcu_torture_reader_mbchk[rdrchked];
2032 	loops = READ_ONCE(rtrcp_chked->rtc_myloops);
2033 	atomic_inc(&n_rcu_torture_mbchk_tries);
2034 	if (ULONG_CMP_LT(loops, rtrcp_assigner->rtc_chkloops))
2035 		atomic_inc(&n_rcu_torture_mbchk_fail);
2036 	rtrcp_assigner->rtc_chkloops = loops + ULONG_MAX / 2;
2037 	rtrcp_assigner->rtc_ready = 0;
2038 	smp_store_release(&rtrcp->rtc_assigner, NULL); // Someone else can assign us work.
2039 	smp_store_release(&rtrcp_assigner->rtc_chkrdr, -1); // Assigner can again assign.
2040 }
2041 
2042 // Verify the specified RCUTORTURE_RDR* state.
2043 #define ROEC_ARGS "%s %s: Current %#x  To add %#x  To remove %#x  preempt_count() %#x\n", __func__, s, curstate, new, old, preempt_count()
2044 static void rcutorture_one_extend_check(char *s, int curstate, int new, int old)
2045 {
2046 	int mask;
2047 
2048 	if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST_CHK_RDR_STATE) || in_nmi())
2049 		return;
2050 
2051 	WARN_ONCE(!(curstate & RCUTORTURE_RDR_IRQ) && irqs_disabled() && !in_hardirq(), ROEC_ARGS);
2052 	WARN_ONCE((curstate & RCUTORTURE_RDR_IRQ) && !irqs_disabled(), ROEC_ARGS);
2053 
2054 	// If CONFIG_PREEMPT_COUNT=n, further checks are unreliable.
2055 	if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_PREEMPT_COUNT))
2056 		return;
2057 
2058 	WARN_ONCE((curstate & (RCUTORTURE_RDR_BH | RCUTORTURE_RDR_RBH)) &&
2059 		  !softirq_count(), ROEC_ARGS);
2060 	WARN_ONCE((curstate & (RCUTORTURE_RDR_PREEMPT | RCUTORTURE_RDR_SCHED)) &&
2061 		  !(preempt_count() & PREEMPT_MASK), ROEC_ARGS);
2062 	WARN_ONCE(cur_ops->readlock_nesting &&
2063 		  (curstate & (RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_1 | RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_2)) &&
2064 		  cur_ops->readlock_nesting() == 0, ROEC_ARGS);
2065 
2066 	// Interrupt handlers have all sorts of stuff disabled, so ignore
2067 	// unintended disabling.
2068 	if (in_serving_softirq() || in_hardirq())
2069 		return;
2070 
2071 	WARN_ONCE(cur_ops->extendables &&
2072 		  !(curstate & (RCUTORTURE_RDR_BH | RCUTORTURE_RDR_RBH)) &&
2073 		  softirq_count(), ROEC_ARGS);
2074 
2075 	/*
2076 	 * non-preemptible RCU in a preemptible kernel uses preempt_disable()
2077 	 * as rcu_read_lock().
2078 	 */
2079 	mask = RCUTORTURE_RDR_PREEMPT | RCUTORTURE_RDR_SCHED;
2080 	if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU))
2081 		mask |= RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_1 | RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_2;
2082 
2083 	WARN_ONCE(cur_ops->extendables && !(curstate & mask) &&
2084 		  (preempt_count() & PREEMPT_MASK), ROEC_ARGS);
2085 
2086 	/*
2087 	 * non-preemptible RCU in a preemptible kernel uses "preempt_count() &
2088 	 * PREEMPT_MASK" as ->readlock_nesting().
2089 	 */
2090 	mask = RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_1 | RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_2;
2091 	if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU))
2092 		mask |= RCUTORTURE_RDR_PREEMPT | RCUTORTURE_RDR_SCHED;
2093 
2094 	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT) && softirq_count())
2095 		mask |= RCUTORTURE_RDR_BH | RCUTORTURE_RDR_RBH;
2096 
2097 	WARN_ONCE(cur_ops->readlock_nesting && !(curstate & mask) &&
2098 		  cur_ops->readlock_nesting() > 0, ROEC_ARGS);
2099 }
2100 
2101 /*
2102  * Do one extension of an RCU read-side critical section using the
2103  * current reader state in readstate (set to zero for initial entry
2104  * to extended critical section), set the new state as specified by
2105  * newstate (set to zero for final exit from extended critical section),
2106  * and random-number-generator state in trsp.  If this is neither the
2107  * beginning or end of the critical section and if there was actually a
2108  * change, do a ->read_delay().
2109  */
2110 static void rcutorture_one_extend(int *readstate, int newstate, struct torture_random_state *trsp,
2111 				  struct rt_read_seg *rtrsp)
2112 {
2113 	bool first;
2114 	unsigned long flags;
2115 	int idxnew1 = -1;
2116 	int idxnew2 = -1;
2117 	int idxold1 = *readstate;
2118 	int idxold2 = idxold1;
2119 	int statesnew = ~*readstate & newstate;
2120 	int statesold = *readstate & ~newstate;
2121 
2122 	first = idxold1 == 0;
2123 	WARN_ON_ONCE(idxold2 < 0);
2124 	WARN_ON_ONCE(idxold2 & ~(RCUTORTURE_RDR_ALLBITS | RCUTORTURE_RDR_UPDOWN));
2125 	rcutorture_one_extend_check("before change", idxold1, statesnew, statesold);
2126 	rtrsp->rt_readstate = newstate;
2127 
2128 	/* First, put new protection in place to avoid critical-section gap. */
2129 	if (statesnew & RCUTORTURE_RDR_BH)
2130 		local_bh_disable();
2131 	if (statesnew & RCUTORTURE_RDR_RBH)
2132 		rcu_read_lock_bh();
2133 	if (statesnew & RCUTORTURE_RDR_IRQ)
2134 		local_irq_disable();
2135 	if (statesnew & RCUTORTURE_RDR_PREEMPT)
2136 		preempt_disable();
2137 	if (statesnew & RCUTORTURE_RDR_SCHED)
2138 		rcu_read_lock_sched();
2139 	if (statesnew & RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_1)
2140 		idxnew1 = (cur_ops->readlock() << RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_1) & RCUTORTURE_RDR_MASK_1;
2141 	if (statesnew & RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_2)
2142 		idxnew2 = (cur_ops->readlock() << RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_2) & RCUTORTURE_RDR_MASK_2;
2143 
2144 	// Complain unless both the old and the new protection is in place.
2145 	rcutorture_one_extend_check("during change", idxold1 | statesnew, statesnew, statesold);
2146 
2147 	// Sample CPU under both sets of protections to reduce confusion.
2148 	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST_LOG_CPU)) {
2149 		int cpu = raw_smp_processor_id();
2150 		rtrsp->rt_cpu = cpu;
2151 		if (!first) {
2152 			rtrsp[-1].rt_end_cpu = cpu;
2153 			if (cur_ops->reader_blocked)
2154 				rtrsp[-1].rt_preempted = cur_ops->reader_blocked();
2155 		}
2156 	}
2157 	// Sample grace-period sequence number, as good a place as any.
2158 	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST_LOG_GP) && cur_ops->gather_gp_seqs) {
2159 		rtrsp->rt_gp_seq = cur_ops->gather_gp_seqs();
2160 		rtrsp->rt_ts = ktime_get_mono_fast_ns();
2161 		if (!first)
2162 			rtrsp[-1].rt_gp_seq_end = rtrsp->rt_gp_seq;
2163 	}
2164 
2165 	/*
2166 	 * Next, remove old protection, in decreasing order of strength
2167 	 * to avoid unlock paths that aren't safe in the stronger
2168 	 * context. Namely: BH can not be enabled with disabled interrupts.
2169 	 * Additionally PREEMPT_RT requires that BH is enabled in preemptible
2170 	 * context.
2171 	 */
2172 	if (statesold & RCUTORTURE_RDR_IRQ)
2173 		local_irq_enable();
2174 	if (statesold & RCUTORTURE_RDR_PREEMPT)
2175 		preempt_enable();
2176 	if (statesold & RCUTORTURE_RDR_SCHED)
2177 		rcu_read_unlock_sched();
2178 	if (statesold & RCUTORTURE_RDR_BH)
2179 		local_bh_enable();
2180 	if (statesold & RCUTORTURE_RDR_RBH)
2181 		rcu_read_unlock_bh();
2182 	if (statesold & RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_2) {
2183 		cur_ops->readunlock((idxold2 & RCUTORTURE_RDR_MASK_2) >> RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_2);
2184 		WARN_ON_ONCE(idxnew2 != -1);
2185 		idxold2 = 0;
2186 	}
2187 	if (statesold & RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_1) {
2188 		bool lockit;
2189 
2190 		lockit = !cur_ops->no_pi_lock && !statesnew && !(torture_random(trsp) & 0xffff);
2191 		if (lockit)
2192 			raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&current->pi_lock, flags);
2193 		cur_ops->readunlock((idxold1 & RCUTORTURE_RDR_MASK_1) >> RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_1);
2194 		WARN_ON_ONCE(idxnew1 != -1);
2195 		idxold1 = 0;
2196 		if (lockit)
2197 			raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&current->pi_lock, flags);
2198 	}
2199 	if (statesold & RCUTORTURE_RDR_UPDOWN) {
2200 		cur_ops->up_read((idxold1 & RCUTORTURE_RDR_MASK_1) >> RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_1);
2201 		WARN_ON_ONCE(idxnew1 != -1);
2202 		idxold1 = 0;
2203 	}
2204 
2205 	/* Delay if neither beginning nor end and there was a change. */
2206 	if ((statesnew || statesold) && *readstate && newstate)
2207 		cur_ops->read_delay(trsp, rtrsp);
2208 
2209 	/* Update the reader state. */
2210 	if (idxnew1 == -1)
2211 		idxnew1 = idxold1 & RCUTORTURE_RDR_MASK_1;
2212 	WARN_ON_ONCE(idxnew1 < 0);
2213 	if (idxnew2 == -1)
2214 		idxnew2 = idxold2 & RCUTORTURE_RDR_MASK_2;
2215 	WARN_ON_ONCE(idxnew2 < 0);
2216 	*readstate = idxnew1 | idxnew2 | newstate;
2217 	WARN_ON_ONCE(*readstate < 0);
2218 	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(*readstate & ~RCUTORTURE_RDR_ALLBITS))
2219 		pr_info("Unexpected readstate value of %#x\n", *readstate);
2220 	rcutorture_one_extend_check("after change", *readstate, statesnew, statesold);
2221 }
2222 
2223 /* Return the biggest extendables mask given current RCU and boot parameters. */
2224 static int rcutorture_extend_mask_max(void)
2225 {
2226 	int mask;
2227 
2228 	WARN_ON_ONCE(extendables & ~RCUTORTURE_MAX_EXTEND);
2229 	mask = extendables & RCUTORTURE_MAX_EXTEND & cur_ops->extendables;
2230 	mask = mask | RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_1 | RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_2;
2231 	return mask;
2232 }
2233 
2234 /* Return a random protection state mask, but with at least one bit set. */
2235 static int
2236 rcutorture_extend_mask(int oldmask, struct torture_random_state *trsp)
2237 {
2238 	int mask = rcutorture_extend_mask_max();
2239 	unsigned long randmask1 = torture_random(trsp);
2240 	unsigned long randmask2 = randmask1 >> 3;
2241 	unsigned long preempts = RCUTORTURE_RDR_PREEMPT | RCUTORTURE_RDR_SCHED;
2242 	unsigned long preempts_irq = preempts | RCUTORTURE_RDR_IRQ;
2243 	unsigned long bhs = RCUTORTURE_RDR_BH | RCUTORTURE_RDR_RBH;
2244 
2245 	WARN_ON_ONCE(mask >> RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_1);  // Can't have reader idx bits.
2246 	/* Mostly only one bit (need preemption!), sometimes lots of bits. */
2247 	if (!(randmask1 & 0x7))
2248 		mask = mask & randmask2;
2249 	else
2250 		mask = mask & (1 << (randmask2 % RCUTORTURE_RDR_NBITS));
2251 
2252 	// Can't have nested RCU reader without outer RCU reader.
2253 	if (!(mask & RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_1) && (mask & RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_2)) {
2254 		if (oldmask & RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_1)
2255 			mask &= ~RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_2;
2256 		else
2257 			mask |= RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_1;
2258 	}
2259 
2260 	/*
2261 	 * Can't enable bh w/irq disabled.
2262 	 */
2263 	if (mask & RCUTORTURE_RDR_IRQ)
2264 		mask |= oldmask & bhs;
2265 
2266 	/*
2267 	 * Ideally these sequences would be detected in debug builds
2268 	 * (regardless of RT), but until then don't stop testing
2269 	 * them on non-RT.
2270 	 */
2271 	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT)) {
2272 		/* Can't modify BH in atomic context */
2273 		if (oldmask & preempts_irq)
2274 			mask &= ~bhs;
2275 		if ((oldmask | mask) & preempts_irq)
2276 			mask |= oldmask & bhs;
2277 	}
2278 
2279 	return mask ?: RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_1;
2280 }
2281 
2282 /*
2283  * Do a randomly selected number of extensions of an existing RCU read-side
2284  * critical section.
2285  */
2286 static struct rt_read_seg *
2287 rcutorture_loop_extend(int *readstate, struct torture_random_state *trsp, struct rt_read_seg *rtrsp)
2288 {
2289 	int i;
2290 	int j;
2291 	int mask = rcutorture_extend_mask_max();
2292 
2293 	WARN_ON_ONCE(!*readstate); /* -Existing- RCU read-side critsect! */
2294 	if (!((mask - 1) & mask))
2295 		return rtrsp;  /* Current RCU reader not extendable. */
2296 	/* Bias towards larger numbers of loops. */
2297 	i = torture_random(trsp);
2298 	i = ((i | (i >> 3)) & RCUTORTURE_RDR_MAX_LOOPS) + 1;
2299 	for (j = 0; j < i; j++) {
2300 		mask = rcutorture_extend_mask(*readstate, trsp);
2301 		WARN_ON_ONCE(mask & RCUTORTURE_RDR_UPDOWN);
2302 		rcutorture_one_extend(readstate, mask, trsp, &rtrsp[j]);
2303 	}
2304 	return &rtrsp[j];
2305 }
2306 
2307 struct rcu_torture_one_read_state {
2308 	bool checkpolling;
2309 	unsigned long cookie;
2310 	struct rcu_gp_oldstate cookie_full;
2311 	unsigned long started;
2312 	struct rcu_torture *p;
2313 	int readstate;
2314 	struct rt_read_seg rtseg[RCUTORTURE_RDR_MAX_SEGS];
2315 	struct rt_read_seg *rtrsp;
2316 	unsigned long long ts;
2317 };
2318 
2319 static void init_rcu_torture_one_read_state(struct rcu_torture_one_read_state *rtorsp,
2320 					    struct torture_random_state *trsp)
2321 {
2322 	memset(rtorsp, 0, sizeof(*rtorsp));
2323 	rtorsp->checkpolling = !(torture_random(trsp) & 0xfff);
2324 	rtorsp->rtrsp = &rtorsp->rtseg[0];
2325 }
2326 
2327 /*
2328  * Set up the first segment of a series of overlapping read-side
2329  * critical sections.  The caller must have actually initiated the
2330  * outermost read-side critical section.
2331  */
2332 static bool rcu_torture_one_read_start(struct rcu_torture_one_read_state *rtorsp,
2333 				       struct torture_random_state *trsp, long myid)
2334 {
2335 	if (rtorsp->checkpolling) {
2336 		if (cur_ops->get_gp_state && cur_ops->poll_gp_state)
2337 			rtorsp->cookie = cur_ops->get_gp_state();
2338 		if (cur_ops->get_gp_state_full && cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full)
2339 			cur_ops->get_gp_state_full(&rtorsp->cookie_full);
2340 	}
2341 	rtorsp->started = cur_ops->get_gp_seq();
2342 	rtorsp->ts = rcu_trace_clock_local();
2343 	rtorsp->p = rcu_dereference_check(rcu_torture_current,
2344 					  !cur_ops->readlock_held || cur_ops->readlock_held() ||
2345 					  (rtorsp->readstate & RCUTORTURE_RDR_UPDOWN));
2346 	if (rtorsp->p == NULL) {
2347 		/* Wait for rcu_torture_writer to get underway */
2348 		rcutorture_one_extend(&rtorsp->readstate, 0, trsp, rtorsp->rtrsp);
2349 		return false;
2350 	}
2351 	if (rtorsp->p->rtort_mbtest == 0)
2352 		atomic_inc(&n_rcu_torture_mberror);
2353 	rcu_torture_reader_do_mbchk(myid, rtorsp->p, trsp);
2354 	return true;
2355 }
2356 
2357 /*
2358  * Complete the last segment of a series of overlapping read-side
2359  * critical sections and check for errors.
2360  */
2361 static void rcu_torture_one_read_end(struct rcu_torture_one_read_state *rtorsp,
2362 				     struct torture_random_state *trsp)
2363 {
2364 	int i;
2365 	unsigned long completed;
2366 	int pipe_count;
2367 	bool preempted = false;
2368 	struct rt_read_seg *rtrsp1;
2369 
2370 	preempt_disable();
2371 	pipe_count = READ_ONCE(rtorsp->p->rtort_pipe_count);
2372 	if (pipe_count > RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN) {
2373 		// Should not happen in a correct RCU implementation,
2374 		// happens quite often for torture_type=busted.
2375 		pipe_count = RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN;
2376 	}
2377 	completed = cur_ops->get_gp_seq();
2378 	if (pipe_count > 1) {
2379 		do_trace_rcu_torture_read(cur_ops->name, &rtorsp->p->rtort_rcu,
2380 					  rtorsp->ts, rtorsp->started, completed);
2381 		rcu_ftrace_dump(DUMP_ALL);
2382 	}
2383 	__this_cpu_inc(rcu_torture_count[pipe_count]);
2384 	completed = rcutorture_seq_diff(completed, rtorsp->started);
2385 	if (completed > RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN) {
2386 		/* Should not happen, but... */
2387 		completed = RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN;
2388 	}
2389 	__this_cpu_inc(rcu_torture_batch[completed]);
2390 	preempt_enable();
2391 	if (rtorsp->checkpolling) {
2392 		if (cur_ops->get_gp_state && cur_ops->poll_gp_state)
2393 			WARN_ONCE(cur_ops->poll_gp_state(rtorsp->cookie),
2394 				  "%s: Cookie check 2 failed %s(%d) %lu->%lu\n",
2395 				  __func__,
2396 				  rcu_torture_writer_state_getname(),
2397 				  rcu_torture_writer_state,
2398 				  rtorsp->cookie, cur_ops->get_gp_state());
2399 		if (cur_ops->get_gp_state_full && cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full)
2400 			WARN_ONCE(cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full(&rtorsp->cookie_full),
2401 				  "%s: Cookie check 6 failed %s(%d) online %*pbl\n",
2402 				  __func__,
2403 				  rcu_torture_writer_state_getname(),
2404 				  rcu_torture_writer_state,
2405 				  cpumask_pr_args(cpu_online_mask));
2406 	}
2407 	if (cur_ops->reader_blocked)
2408 		preempted = cur_ops->reader_blocked();
2409 	rcutorture_one_extend(&rtorsp->readstate, 0, trsp, rtorsp->rtrsp);
2410 	WARN_ON_ONCE(rtorsp->readstate);
2411 	// This next splat is expected behavior if leakpointer, especially
2412 	// for CONFIG_RCU_STRICT_GRACE_PERIOD=y kernels.
2413 	WARN_ON_ONCE(leakpointer && READ_ONCE(rtorsp->p->rtort_pipe_count) > 1);
2414 
2415 	/* If error or close call, record the sequence of reader protections. */
2416 	if ((pipe_count > 1 || completed > 1) && !xchg(&err_segs_recorded, 1)) {
2417 		i = 0;
2418 		for (rtrsp1 = &rtorsp->rtseg[0]; rtrsp1 < rtorsp->rtrsp; rtrsp1++)
2419 			err_segs[i++] = *rtrsp1;
2420 		rt_read_nsegs = i;
2421 		rt_read_preempted = preempted;
2422 	}
2423 }
2424 
2425 /*
2426  * Do one read-side critical section, returning false if there was
2427  * no data to read.  Can be invoked both from process context and
2428  * from a timer handler.
2429  */
2430 static bool rcu_torture_one_read(struct torture_random_state *trsp, long myid)
2431 {
2432 	int newstate;
2433 	struct rcu_torture_one_read_state rtors;
2434 
2435 	WARN_ON_ONCE(!rcu_is_watching());
2436 	init_rcu_torture_one_read_state(&rtors, trsp);
2437 	newstate = rcutorture_extend_mask(rtors.readstate, trsp);
2438 	WARN_ON_ONCE(newstate & RCUTORTURE_RDR_UPDOWN);
2439 	rcutorture_one_extend(&rtors.readstate, newstate, trsp, rtors.rtrsp++);
2440 	if (!rcu_torture_one_read_start(&rtors, trsp, myid))
2441 		return false;
2442 	rtors.rtrsp = rcutorture_loop_extend(&rtors.readstate, trsp, rtors.rtrsp);
2443 	rcu_torture_one_read_end(&rtors, trsp);
2444 	return true;
2445 }
2446 
2447 static DEFINE_TORTURE_RANDOM_PERCPU(rcu_torture_timer_rand);
2448 
2449 /*
2450  * RCU torture reader from timer handler.  Dereferences rcu_torture_current,
2451  * incrementing the corresponding element of the pipeline array.  The
2452  * counter in the element should never be greater than 1, otherwise, the
2453  * RCU implementation is broken.
2454  */
2455 static void rcu_torture_timer(struct timer_list *unused)
2456 {
2457 	WARN_ON_ONCE(!in_serving_softirq());
2458 	WARN_ON_ONCE(in_hardirq());
2459 	WARN_ON_ONCE(in_nmi());
2460 	atomic_long_inc(&n_rcu_torture_timers);
2461 	(void)rcu_torture_one_read(this_cpu_ptr(&rcu_torture_timer_rand), -1);
2462 
2463 	/* Test call_rcu() invocation from interrupt handler. */
2464 	if (cur_ops->call) {
2465 		struct rcu_head *rhp = kmalloc(sizeof(*rhp), GFP_NOWAIT);
2466 
2467 		if (rhp)
2468 			cur_ops->call(rhp, rcu_torture_timer_cb);
2469 	}
2470 }
2471 
2472 /*
2473  * RCU torture reader kthread.  Repeatedly dereferences rcu_torture_current,
2474  * incrementing the corresponding element of the pipeline array.  The
2475  * counter in the element should never be greater than 1, otherwise, the
2476  * RCU implementation is broken.
2477  */
2478 static int
2479 rcu_torture_reader(void *arg)
2480 {
2481 	unsigned long lastsleep = jiffies;
2482 	long myid = (long)arg;
2483 	int mynumonline = myid;
2484 	DEFINE_TORTURE_RANDOM(rand);
2485 	struct timer_list t;
2486 
2487 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_reader task started");
2488 	set_user_nice(current, MAX_NICE);
2489 	if (irqreader && cur_ops->irq_capable)
2490 		timer_setup_on_stack(&t, rcu_torture_timer, 0);
2491 	tick_dep_set_task(current, TICK_DEP_BIT_RCU);  // CPU bound, so need tick.
2492 	do {
2493 		if (irqreader && cur_ops->irq_capable) {
2494 			if (!timer_pending(&t))
2495 				mod_timer(&t, jiffies + 1);
2496 		}
2497 		if (!rcu_torture_one_read(&rand, myid) && !torture_must_stop())
2498 			schedule_timeout_interruptible(HZ);
2499 		if (time_after(jiffies, lastsleep) && !torture_must_stop()) {
2500 			torture_hrtimeout_us(500, 1000, &rand);
2501 			lastsleep = jiffies + 10;
2502 		}
2503 		while (!torture_must_stop() &&
2504 		       (torture_num_online_cpus() < mynumonline || !rcu_inkernel_boot_has_ended()))
2505 			schedule_timeout_interruptible(HZ / 5);
2506 		stutter_wait("rcu_torture_reader");
2507 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
2508 	if (irqreader && cur_ops->irq_capable) {
2509 		timer_delete_sync(&t);
2510 		timer_destroy_on_stack(&t);
2511 	}
2512 	tick_dep_clear_task(current, TICK_DEP_BIT_RCU);
2513 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_reader");
2514 	return 0;
2515 }
2516 
2517 struct rcu_torture_one_read_state_updown {
2518 	struct hrtimer rtorsu_hrt;
2519 	bool rtorsu_inuse;
2520 	ktime_t rtorsu_kt;
2521 	int rtorsu_cpu;
2522 	unsigned long rtorsu_j;
2523 	unsigned long rtorsu_ndowns;
2524 	unsigned long rtorsu_nups;
2525 	unsigned long rtorsu_nmigrates;
2526 	struct torture_random_state rtorsu_trs;
2527 	struct rcu_torture_one_read_state rtorsu_rtors;
2528 };
2529 
2530 static struct rcu_torture_one_read_state_updown *updownreaders;
2531 static DEFINE_TORTURE_RANDOM(rcu_torture_updown_rand);
2532 static int rcu_torture_updown(void *arg);
2533 
2534 static enum hrtimer_restart rcu_torture_updown_hrt(struct hrtimer *hrtp)
2535 {
2536 	int cpu = raw_smp_processor_id();
2537 	struct rcu_torture_one_read_state_updown *rtorsup;
2538 
2539 	rtorsup = container_of(hrtp, struct rcu_torture_one_read_state_updown, rtorsu_hrt);
2540 	rcu_torture_one_read_end(&rtorsup->rtorsu_rtors, &rtorsup->rtorsu_trs);
2541 	WARN_ONCE(rtorsup->rtorsu_nups >= rtorsup->rtorsu_ndowns, "%s: Up without matching down #%zu.\n", __func__, rtorsup - updownreaders);
2542 	WRITE_ONCE(rtorsup->rtorsu_nups, rtorsup->rtorsu_nups + 1);
2543 	WRITE_ONCE(rtorsup->rtorsu_nmigrates,
2544 		   rtorsup->rtorsu_nmigrates + (cpu != rtorsup->rtorsu_cpu));
2545 	smp_store_release(&rtorsup->rtorsu_inuse, false);
2546 	return HRTIMER_NORESTART;
2547 }
2548 
2549 static int rcu_torture_updown_init(void)
2550 {
2551 	int i;
2552 	struct torture_random_state *rand = &rcu_torture_updown_rand;
2553 	int ret;
2554 
2555 	if (n_up_down < 0)
2556 		return 0;
2557 	if (!srcu_torture_have_up_down()) {
2558 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_updown_init: Disabling up/down reader tests due to lack of primitives");
2559 		return 0;
2560 	}
2561 	updownreaders = kcalloc(n_up_down, sizeof(*updownreaders), GFP_KERNEL);
2562 	if (!updownreaders) {
2563 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_updown_init: Out of memory, disabling up/down reader tests");
2564 		return -ENOMEM;
2565 	}
2566 	for (i = 0; i < n_up_down; i++) {
2567 		init_rcu_torture_one_read_state(&updownreaders[i].rtorsu_rtors, rand);
2568 		hrtimer_setup(&updownreaders[i].rtorsu_hrt, rcu_torture_updown_hrt, CLOCK_MONOTONIC,
2569 			      HRTIMER_MODE_REL | HRTIMER_MODE_HARD);
2570 		torture_random_init(&updownreaders[i].rtorsu_trs);
2571 		init_rcu_torture_one_read_state(&updownreaders[i].rtorsu_rtors,
2572 						&updownreaders[i].rtorsu_trs);
2573 	}
2574 	ret = torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_updown, rand, updown_task);
2575 	if (ret) {
2576 		kfree(updownreaders);
2577 		updownreaders = NULL;
2578 	}
2579 	return ret;
2580 }
2581 
2582 static void rcu_torture_updown_cleanup(void)
2583 {
2584 	struct rcu_torture_one_read_state_updown *rtorsup;
2585 
2586 	for (rtorsup = updownreaders; rtorsup < &updownreaders[n_up_down]; rtorsup++) {
2587 		if (!smp_load_acquire(&rtorsup->rtorsu_inuse))
2588 			continue;
2589 		if (hrtimer_cancel(&rtorsup->rtorsu_hrt) || WARN_ON_ONCE(rtorsup->rtorsu_inuse)) {
2590 			rcu_torture_one_read_end(&rtorsup->rtorsu_rtors, &rtorsup->rtorsu_trs);
2591 			WARN_ONCE(rtorsup->rtorsu_nups >= rtorsup->rtorsu_ndowns, "%s: Up without matching down #%zu.\n", __func__, rtorsup - updownreaders);
2592 			WRITE_ONCE(rtorsup->rtorsu_nups, rtorsup->rtorsu_nups + 1);
2593 			smp_store_release(&rtorsup->rtorsu_inuse, false);
2594 		}
2595 
2596 	}
2597 	kfree(updownreaders);
2598 	updownreaders = NULL;
2599 }
2600 
2601 // Do one reader for rcu_torture_updown().
2602 static void rcu_torture_updown_one(struct rcu_torture_one_read_state_updown *rtorsup)
2603 {
2604 	int idx;
2605 	int rawidx;
2606 	ktime_t t;
2607 
2608 	init_rcu_torture_one_read_state(&rtorsup->rtorsu_rtors, &rtorsup->rtorsu_trs);
2609 	rawidx = cur_ops->down_read();
2610 	WRITE_ONCE(rtorsup->rtorsu_ndowns, rtorsup->rtorsu_ndowns + 1);
2611 	idx = (rawidx << RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_1) & RCUTORTURE_RDR_MASK_1;
2612 	rtorsup->rtorsu_rtors.readstate = idx | RCUTORTURE_RDR_UPDOWN;
2613 	rtorsup->rtorsu_rtors.rtrsp++;
2614 	rtorsup->rtorsu_cpu = raw_smp_processor_id();
2615 	if (!rcu_torture_one_read_start(&rtorsup->rtorsu_rtors, &rtorsup->rtorsu_trs, -1)) {
2616 		WARN_ONCE(rtorsup->rtorsu_nups >= rtorsup->rtorsu_ndowns, "%s: Up without matching down #%zu.\n", __func__, rtorsup - updownreaders);
2617 		WRITE_ONCE(rtorsup->rtorsu_nups, rtorsup->rtorsu_nups + 1);
2618 		schedule_timeout_idle(HZ);
2619 		return;
2620 	}
2621 	smp_store_release(&rtorsup->rtorsu_inuse, true);
2622 	t = torture_random(&rtorsup->rtorsu_trs) & 0xfffff; // One per million.
2623 	if (t < 10 * 1000)
2624 		t = 200 * 1000 * 1000;
2625 	hrtimer_start(&rtorsup->rtorsu_hrt, t, HRTIMER_MODE_REL | HRTIMER_MODE_HARD);
2626 	smp_mb(); // Sample jiffies after posting hrtimer.
2627 	rtorsup->rtorsu_j = jiffies;  // Not used by hrtimer handler.
2628 	rtorsup->rtorsu_kt = t;
2629 }
2630 
2631 /*
2632  * RCU torture up/down reader kthread, starting RCU readers in kthread
2633  * context and ending them in hrtimer handlers.  Otherwise similar to
2634  * rcu_torture_reader().
2635  */
2636 static int
2637 rcu_torture_updown(void *arg)
2638 {
2639 	unsigned long j;
2640 	struct rcu_torture_one_read_state_updown *rtorsup;
2641 
2642 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_updown task started");
2643 	do {
2644 		for (rtorsup = updownreaders; rtorsup < &updownreaders[n_up_down]; rtorsup++) {
2645 			if (torture_must_stop())
2646 				break;
2647 			j = smp_load_acquire(&jiffies); // Time before ->rtorsu_inuse.
2648 			if (smp_load_acquire(&rtorsup->rtorsu_inuse)) {
2649 				WARN_ONCE(time_after(j, rtorsup->rtorsu_j + 1 + HZ * 10),
2650 					  "hrtimer queued at jiffies %lu for %lld ns took %lu jiffies\n", rtorsup->rtorsu_j, rtorsup->rtorsu_kt, j - rtorsup->rtorsu_j);
2651 				continue;
2652 			}
2653 			rcu_torture_updown_one(rtorsup);
2654 		}
2655 		torture_hrtimeout_ms(1, 1000, &rcu_torture_updown_rand);
2656 		stutter_wait("rcu_torture_updown");
2657 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
2658 	rcu_torture_updown_cleanup();
2659 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_updown");
2660 	return 0;
2661 }
2662 
2663 /*
2664  * Randomly Toggle CPUs' callback-offload state.  This uses hrtimers to
2665  * increase race probabilities and fuzzes the interval between toggling.
2666  */
2667 static int rcu_nocb_toggle(void *arg)
2668 {
2669 	int cpu;
2670 	int maxcpu = -1;
2671 	int oldnice = task_nice(current);
2672 	long r;
2673 	DEFINE_TORTURE_RANDOM(rand);
2674 	ktime_t toggle_delay;
2675 	unsigned long toggle_fuzz;
2676 	ktime_t toggle_interval = ms_to_ktime(nocbs_toggle);
2677 
2678 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_nocb_toggle task started");
2679 	while (!rcu_inkernel_boot_has_ended())
2680 		schedule_timeout_interruptible(HZ / 10);
2681 	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
2682 		maxcpu = cpu;
2683 	WARN_ON(maxcpu < 0);
2684 	if (toggle_interval > ULONG_MAX)
2685 		toggle_fuzz = ULONG_MAX >> 3;
2686 	else
2687 		toggle_fuzz = toggle_interval >> 3;
2688 	if (toggle_fuzz <= 0)
2689 		toggle_fuzz = NSEC_PER_USEC;
2690 	do {
2691 		r = torture_random(&rand);
2692 		cpu = (r >> 1) % (maxcpu + 1);
2693 		if (r & 0x1) {
2694 			rcu_nocb_cpu_offload(cpu);
2695 			atomic_long_inc(&n_nocb_offload);
2696 		} else {
2697 			rcu_nocb_cpu_deoffload(cpu);
2698 			atomic_long_inc(&n_nocb_deoffload);
2699 		}
2700 		toggle_delay = torture_random(&rand) % toggle_fuzz + toggle_interval;
2701 		set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
2702 		schedule_hrtimeout(&toggle_delay, HRTIMER_MODE_REL);
2703 		if (stutter_wait("rcu_nocb_toggle"))
2704 			sched_set_normal(current, oldnice);
2705 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
2706 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_nocb_toggle");
2707 	return 0;
2708 }
2709 
2710 /*
2711  * Print torture statistics.  Caller must ensure that there is only
2712  * one call to this function at a given time!!!  This is normally
2713  * accomplished by relying on the module system to only have one copy
2714  * of the module loaded, and then by giving the rcu_torture_stats
2715  * kthread full control (or the init/cleanup functions when rcu_torture_stats
2716  * thread is not running).
2717  */
2718 static void
2719 rcu_torture_stats_print(void)
2720 {
2721 	int cpu;
2722 	int i;
2723 	long pipesummary[RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1] = { 0 };
2724 	long batchsummary[RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1] = { 0 };
2725 	long n_gpwraps = 0;
2726 	unsigned long ndowns = 0;
2727 	unsigned long nunexpired = 0;
2728 	unsigned long nmigrates = 0;
2729 	unsigned long nups = 0;
2730 	struct rcu_torture *rtcp;
2731 	static unsigned long rtcv_snap = ULONG_MAX;
2732 	static bool splatted;
2733 	struct task_struct *wtp;
2734 
2735 	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
2736 		for (i = 0; i < RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1; i++) {
2737 			pipesummary[i] += READ_ONCE(per_cpu(rcu_torture_count, cpu)[i]);
2738 			batchsummary[i] += READ_ONCE(per_cpu(rcu_torture_batch, cpu)[i]);
2739 		}
2740 		if (cur_ops->get_gpwrap_count)
2741 			n_gpwraps += cur_ops->get_gpwrap_count(cpu);
2742 	}
2743 	if (updownreaders) {
2744 		for (i = 0; i < n_up_down; i++) {
2745 			ndowns += READ_ONCE(updownreaders[i].rtorsu_ndowns);
2746 			nups += READ_ONCE(updownreaders[i].rtorsu_nups);
2747 			nunexpired += READ_ONCE(updownreaders[i].rtorsu_inuse);
2748 			nmigrates += READ_ONCE(updownreaders[i].rtorsu_nmigrates);
2749 		}
2750 	}
2751 	for (i = RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN; i >= 0; i--) {
2752 		if (pipesummary[i] != 0)
2753 			break;
2754 	} // The value of variable "i" is used later, so don't clobber it!
2755 
2756 	pr_alert("%s%s ", torture_type, TORTURE_FLAG);
2757 	rtcp = rcu_access_pointer(rcu_torture_current);
2758 	pr_cont("rtc: %p %s: %lu tfle: %d rta: %d rtaf: %d rtf: %d ",
2759 		rtcp,
2760 		rtcp && !rcu_stall_is_suppressed_at_boot() ? "ver" : "VER",
2761 		rcu_torture_current_version,
2762 		list_empty(&rcu_torture_freelist),
2763 		atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_alloc),
2764 		atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_alloc_fail),
2765 		atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_free));
2766 	pr_cont("rtmbe: %d rtmbkf: %d/%d rtbe: %ld rtbke: %ld ",
2767 		atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_mberror),
2768 		atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_mbchk_fail), atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_mbchk_tries),
2769 		n_rcu_torture_barrier_error,
2770 		n_rcu_torture_boost_ktrerror);
2771 	pr_cont("rtbf: %ld rtb: %ld nt: %ld ",
2772 		n_rcu_torture_boost_failure,
2773 		n_rcu_torture_boosts,
2774 		atomic_long_read(&n_rcu_torture_timers));
2775 	if (updownreaders)
2776 		pr_cont("ndowns: %lu nups: %lu nhrt: %lu nmigrates: %lu ", ndowns, nups, nunexpired,  nmigrates);
2777 	torture_onoff_stats();
2778 	pr_cont("barrier: %ld/%ld:%ld ",
2779 		data_race(n_barrier_successes),
2780 		data_race(n_barrier_attempts),
2781 		data_race(n_rcu_torture_barrier_error));
2782 	pr_cont("read-exits: %ld ", data_race(n_read_exits)); // Statistic.
2783 	pr_cont("nocb-toggles: %ld:%ld ",
2784 		atomic_long_read(&n_nocb_offload), atomic_long_read(&n_nocb_deoffload));
2785 	pr_cont("gpwraps: %ld\n", n_gpwraps);
2786 
2787 	pr_alert("%s%s ", torture_type, TORTURE_FLAG);
2788 	if (atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_mberror) ||
2789 	    atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_mbchk_fail) ||
2790 	    n_rcu_torture_barrier_error || n_rcu_torture_boost_ktrerror ||
2791 	    n_rcu_torture_boost_failure || i > 1) {
2792 		pr_cont("%s", "!!! ");
2793 		atomic_inc(&n_rcu_torture_error);
2794 		WARN_ON_ONCE(atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_mberror));
2795 		WARN_ON_ONCE(atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_mbchk_fail));
2796 		WARN_ON_ONCE(n_rcu_torture_barrier_error);  // rcu_barrier()
2797 		WARN_ON_ONCE(n_rcu_torture_boost_ktrerror); // no boost kthread
2798 		WARN_ON_ONCE(n_rcu_torture_boost_failure); // boost failed (TIMER_SOFTIRQ RT prio?)
2799 		WARN_ON_ONCE(i > 1); // Too-short grace period
2800 	}
2801 	pr_cont("Reader Pipe: ");
2802 	for (i = 0; i < RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1; i++)
2803 		pr_cont(" %ld", pipesummary[i]);
2804 	pr_cont("\n");
2805 
2806 	pr_alert("%s%s ", torture_type, TORTURE_FLAG);
2807 	pr_cont("Reader Batch: ");
2808 	for (i = 0; i < RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1; i++)
2809 		pr_cont(" %ld", batchsummary[i]);
2810 	pr_cont("\n");
2811 
2812 	pr_alert("%s%s ", torture_type, TORTURE_FLAG);
2813 	pr_cont("Free-Block Circulation: ");
2814 	for (i = 0; i < RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1; i++) {
2815 		pr_cont(" %d", atomic_read(&rcu_torture_wcount[i]));
2816 	}
2817 	pr_cont("\n");
2818 
2819 	if (cur_ops->stats)
2820 		cur_ops->stats();
2821 	if (rtcv_snap == rcu_torture_current_version &&
2822 	    rcu_access_pointer(rcu_torture_current) &&
2823 	    !rcu_stall_is_suppressed() &&
2824 	    rcu_inkernel_boot_has_ended()) {
2825 		int __maybe_unused flags = 0;
2826 		unsigned long __maybe_unused gp_seq = 0;
2827 
2828 		if (cur_ops->get_gp_data)
2829 			cur_ops->get_gp_data(&flags, &gp_seq);
2830 		wtp = READ_ONCE(writer_task);
2831 		pr_alert("??? Writer stall state %s(%d) g%lu f%#x ->state %#x cpu %d\n",
2832 			 rcu_torture_writer_state_getname(),
2833 			 rcu_torture_writer_state, gp_seq, flags,
2834 			 wtp == NULL ? ~0U : wtp->__state,
2835 			 wtp == NULL ? -1 : (int)task_cpu(wtp));
2836 		if (!splatted && wtp) {
2837 			sched_show_task(wtp);
2838 			splatted = true;
2839 		}
2840 		if (cur_ops->gp_kthread_dbg)
2841 			cur_ops->gp_kthread_dbg();
2842 		rcu_ftrace_dump(DUMP_ALL);
2843 	}
2844 	rtcv_snap = rcu_torture_current_version;
2845 }
2846 
2847 /*
2848  * Periodically prints torture statistics, if periodic statistics printing
2849  * was specified via the stat_interval module parameter.
2850  */
2851 static int
2852 rcu_torture_stats(void *arg)
2853 {
2854 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_stats task started");
2855 	do {
2856 		schedule_timeout_interruptible(stat_interval * HZ);
2857 		rcu_torture_stats_print();
2858 		torture_shutdown_absorb("rcu_torture_stats");
2859 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
2860 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_stats");
2861 	return 0;
2862 }
2863 
2864 /* Test mem_dump_obj() and friends.  */
2865 static void rcu_torture_mem_dump_obj(void)
2866 {
2867 	struct rcu_head *rhp;
2868 	struct kmem_cache *kcp;
2869 	static int z;
2870 
2871 	kcp = kmem_cache_create("rcuscale", 136, 8, SLAB_STORE_USER, NULL);
2872 	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!kcp))
2873 		return;
2874 	rhp = kmem_cache_alloc(kcp, GFP_KERNEL);
2875 	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!rhp)) {
2876 		kmem_cache_destroy(kcp);
2877 		return;
2878 	}
2879 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj() slab test: rcu_torture_stats = %px, &rhp = %px, rhp = %px, &z = %px\n", stats_task, &rhp, rhp, &z);
2880 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj(ZERO_SIZE_PTR):");
2881 	mem_dump_obj(ZERO_SIZE_PTR);
2882 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj(NULL):");
2883 	mem_dump_obj(NULL);
2884 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj(%px):", &rhp);
2885 	mem_dump_obj(&rhp);
2886 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj(%px):", rhp);
2887 	mem_dump_obj(rhp);
2888 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj(%px):", &rhp->func);
2889 	mem_dump_obj(&rhp->func);
2890 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj(%px):", &z);
2891 	mem_dump_obj(&z);
2892 	kmem_cache_free(kcp, rhp);
2893 	kmem_cache_destroy(kcp);
2894 	rhp = kmalloc(sizeof(*rhp), GFP_KERNEL);
2895 	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!rhp))
2896 		return;
2897 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj() kmalloc test: rcu_torture_stats = %px, &rhp = %px, rhp = %px\n", stats_task, &rhp, rhp);
2898 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj(kmalloc %px):", rhp);
2899 	mem_dump_obj(rhp);
2900 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj(kmalloc %px):", &rhp->func);
2901 	mem_dump_obj(&rhp->func);
2902 	kfree(rhp);
2903 	rhp = vmalloc(4096);
2904 	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!rhp))
2905 		return;
2906 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj() vmalloc test: rcu_torture_stats = %px, &rhp = %px, rhp = %px\n", stats_task, &rhp, rhp);
2907 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj(vmalloc %px):", rhp);
2908 	mem_dump_obj(rhp);
2909 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj(vmalloc %px):", &rhp->func);
2910 	mem_dump_obj(&rhp->func);
2911 	vfree(rhp);
2912 }
2913 
2914 static void
2915 rcu_torture_print_module_parms(struct rcu_torture_ops *cur_ops, const char *tag)
2916 {
2917 	pr_alert("%s" TORTURE_FLAG
2918 		 "--- %s: nreaders=%d nfakewriters=%d "
2919 		 "stat_interval=%d verbose=%d test_no_idle_hz=%d "
2920 		 "shuffle_interval=%d stutter=%d irqreader=%d "
2921 		 "fqs_duration=%d fqs_holdoff=%d fqs_stutter=%d "
2922 		 "test_boost=%d/%d test_boost_interval=%d "
2923 		 "test_boost_duration=%d test_boost_holdoff=%d shutdown_secs=%d "
2924 		 "stall_cpu=%d stall_cpu_holdoff=%d stall_cpu_irqsoff=%d "
2925 		 "stall_cpu_block=%d stall_cpu_repeat=%d "
2926 		 "n_barrier_cbs=%d "
2927 		 "onoff_interval=%d onoff_holdoff=%d "
2928 		 "read_exit_delay=%d read_exit_burst=%d "
2929 		 "reader_flavor=%x "
2930 		 "nocbs_nthreads=%d nocbs_toggle=%d "
2931 		 "test_nmis=%d "
2932 		 "preempt_duration=%d preempt_interval=%d n_up_down=%d\n",
2933 		 torture_type, tag, nrealreaders, nrealfakewriters,
2934 		 stat_interval, verbose, test_no_idle_hz, shuffle_interval,
2935 		 stutter, irqreader, fqs_duration, fqs_holdoff, fqs_stutter,
2936 		 test_boost, cur_ops->can_boost,
2937 		 test_boost_interval, test_boost_duration, test_boost_holdoff, shutdown_secs,
2938 		 stall_cpu, stall_cpu_holdoff, stall_cpu_irqsoff,
2939 		 stall_cpu_block, stall_cpu_repeat,
2940 		 n_barrier_cbs,
2941 		 onoff_interval, onoff_holdoff,
2942 		 read_exit_delay, read_exit_burst,
2943 		 reader_flavor,
2944 		 nocbs_nthreads, nocbs_toggle,
2945 		 test_nmis,
2946 		 preempt_duration, preempt_interval, n_up_down);
2947 }
2948 
2949 static int rcutorture_booster_cleanup(unsigned int cpu)
2950 {
2951 	struct task_struct *t;
2952 
2953 	if (boost_tasks[cpu] == NULL)
2954 		return 0;
2955 	mutex_lock(&boost_mutex);
2956 	t = boost_tasks[cpu];
2957 	boost_tasks[cpu] = NULL;
2958 	rcu_torture_enable_rt_throttle();
2959 	mutex_unlock(&boost_mutex);
2960 
2961 	/* This must be outside of the mutex, otherwise deadlock! */
2962 	torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_boost, t);
2963 	return 0;
2964 }
2965 
2966 static int rcutorture_booster_init(unsigned int cpu)
2967 {
2968 	int retval;
2969 
2970 	if (boost_tasks[cpu] != NULL)
2971 		return 0;  /* Already created, nothing more to do. */
2972 
2973 	// Testing RCU priority boosting requires rcutorture do
2974 	// some serious abuse.  Counter this by running ksoftirqd
2975 	// at higher priority.
2976 	if (IS_BUILTIN(CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST)) {
2977 		struct sched_param sp;
2978 		struct task_struct *t;
2979 
2980 		t = per_cpu(ksoftirqd, cpu);
2981 		WARN_ON_ONCE(!t);
2982 		sp.sched_priority = 2;
2983 		sched_setscheduler_nocheck(t, SCHED_FIFO, &sp);
2984 #ifdef CONFIG_IRQ_FORCED_THREADING
2985 		if (force_irqthreads()) {
2986 			t = per_cpu(ktimerd, cpu);
2987 			WARN_ON_ONCE(!t);
2988 			sp.sched_priority = 2;
2989 			sched_setscheduler_nocheck(t, SCHED_FIFO, &sp);
2990 		}
2991 #endif
2992 	}
2993 
2994 	/* Don't allow time recalculation while creating a new task. */
2995 	mutex_lock(&boost_mutex);
2996 	rcu_torture_disable_rt_throttle();
2997 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("Creating rcu_torture_boost task");
2998 	boost_tasks[cpu] = kthread_run_on_cpu(rcu_torture_boost, NULL,
2999 					      cpu, "rcu_torture_boost_%u");
3000 	if (IS_ERR(boost_tasks[cpu])) {
3001 		retval = PTR_ERR(boost_tasks[cpu]);
3002 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_boost task create failed");
3003 		n_rcu_torture_boost_ktrerror++;
3004 		boost_tasks[cpu] = NULL;
3005 		mutex_unlock(&boost_mutex);
3006 		return retval;
3007 	}
3008 	mutex_unlock(&boost_mutex);
3009 	return 0;
3010 }
3011 
3012 static int rcu_torture_stall_nf(struct notifier_block *nb, unsigned long v, void *ptr)
3013 {
3014 	pr_info("%s: v=%lu, duration=%lu.\n", __func__, v, (unsigned long)ptr);
3015 	return NOTIFY_OK;
3016 }
3017 
3018 static struct notifier_block rcu_torture_stall_block = {
3019 	.notifier_call = rcu_torture_stall_nf,
3020 };
3021 
3022 /*
3023  * CPU-stall kthread.  It waits as specified by stall_cpu_holdoff, then
3024  * induces a CPU stall for the time specified by stall_cpu.  If a new
3025  * stall test is added, stallsdone in rcu_torture_writer() must be adjusted.
3026  */
3027 static void rcu_torture_stall_one(int rep, int irqsoff)
3028 {
3029 	int idx;
3030 	unsigned long stop_at;
3031 
3032 	if (stall_cpu_holdoff > 0) {
3033 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_stall begin holdoff");
3034 		schedule_timeout_interruptible(stall_cpu_holdoff * HZ);
3035 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_stall end holdoff");
3036 	}
3037 	if (!kthread_should_stop() && stall_gp_kthread > 0) {
3038 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_stall begin GP stall");
3039 		rcu_gp_set_torture_wait(stall_gp_kthread * HZ);
3040 		for (idx = 0; idx < stall_gp_kthread + 2; idx++) {
3041 			if (kthread_should_stop())
3042 				break;
3043 			schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(HZ);
3044 		}
3045 	}
3046 	if (!kthread_should_stop() && stall_cpu > 0) {
3047 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_stall begin CPU stall");
3048 		stop_at = ktime_get_seconds() + stall_cpu;
3049 		/* RCU CPU stall is expected behavior in following code. */
3050 		idx = cur_ops->readlock();
3051 		if (irqsoff)
3052 			local_irq_disable();
3053 		else if (!stall_cpu_block)
3054 			preempt_disable();
3055 		pr_alert("%s start stall episode %d on CPU %d.\n",
3056 			  __func__, rep + 1, raw_smp_processor_id());
3057 		while (ULONG_CMP_LT((unsigned long)ktime_get_seconds(), stop_at) &&
3058 		       !kthread_should_stop())
3059 			if (stall_cpu_block) {
3060 #ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPTION
3061 				preempt_schedule();
3062 #else
3063 				schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(HZ);
3064 #endif
3065 			} else if (stall_no_softlockup) {
3066 				touch_softlockup_watchdog();
3067 			}
3068 		if (irqsoff)
3069 			local_irq_enable();
3070 		else if (!stall_cpu_block)
3071 			preempt_enable();
3072 		cur_ops->readunlock(idx);
3073 	}
3074 }
3075 
3076 /*
3077  * CPU-stall kthread.  Invokes rcu_torture_stall_one() once, and then as many
3078  * additional times as specified by the stall_cpu_repeat module parameter.
3079  * Note that stall_cpu_irqsoff is ignored on the second and subsequent
3080  * stall.
3081  */
3082 static int rcu_torture_stall(void *args)
3083 {
3084 	int i;
3085 	int repeat = stall_cpu_repeat;
3086 	int ret;
3087 
3088 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_stall task started");
3089 	if (repeat < 0) {
3090 		repeat = 0;
3091 		WARN_ON_ONCE(IS_BUILTIN(CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST));
3092 	}
3093 	if (rcu_cpu_stall_notifiers) {
3094 		ret = rcu_stall_chain_notifier_register(&rcu_torture_stall_block);
3095 		if (ret)
3096 			pr_info("%s: rcu_stall_chain_notifier_register() returned %d, %sexpected.\n",
3097 				__func__, ret, !IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RCU_STALL_COMMON) ? "un" : "");
3098 	}
3099 	for (i = 0; i <= repeat; i++) {
3100 		if (kthread_should_stop())
3101 			break;
3102 		rcu_torture_stall_one(i, i == 0 ? stall_cpu_irqsoff : 0);
3103 	}
3104 	pr_alert("%s end.\n", __func__);
3105 	if (rcu_cpu_stall_notifiers && !ret) {
3106 		ret = rcu_stall_chain_notifier_unregister(&rcu_torture_stall_block);
3107 		if (ret)
3108 			pr_info("%s: rcu_stall_chain_notifier_unregister() returned %d.\n", __func__, ret);
3109 	}
3110 	torture_shutdown_absorb("rcu_torture_stall");
3111 	while (!kthread_should_stop())
3112 		schedule_timeout_interruptible(10 * HZ);
3113 	return 0;
3114 }
3115 
3116 /* Spawn CPU-stall kthread, if stall_cpu specified. */
3117 static int __init rcu_torture_stall_init(void)
3118 {
3119 	if (stall_cpu <= 0 && stall_gp_kthread <= 0)
3120 		return 0;
3121 	return torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_stall, NULL, stall_task);
3122 }
3123 
3124 /* State structure for forward-progress self-propagating RCU callback. */
3125 struct fwd_cb_state {
3126 	struct rcu_head rh;
3127 	int stop;
3128 };
3129 
3130 /*
3131  * Forward-progress self-propagating RCU callback function.  Because
3132  * callbacks run from softirq, this function is an implicit RCU read-side
3133  * critical section.
3134  */
3135 static void rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cb(struct rcu_head *rhp)
3136 {
3137 	struct fwd_cb_state *fcsp = container_of(rhp, struct fwd_cb_state, rh);
3138 
3139 	if (READ_ONCE(fcsp->stop)) {
3140 		WRITE_ONCE(fcsp->stop, 2);
3141 		return;
3142 	}
3143 	cur_ops->call(&fcsp->rh, rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cb);
3144 }
3145 
3146 /* State for continuous-flood RCU callbacks. */
3147 struct rcu_fwd_cb {
3148 	struct rcu_head rh;
3149 	struct rcu_fwd_cb *rfc_next;
3150 	struct rcu_fwd *rfc_rfp;
3151 	int rfc_gps;
3152 };
3153 
3154 #define MAX_FWD_CB_JIFFIES	(8 * HZ) /* Maximum CB test duration. */
3155 #define MIN_FWD_CB_LAUNDERS	3	/* This many CB invocations to count. */
3156 #define MIN_FWD_CBS_LAUNDERED	100	/* Number of counted CBs. */
3157 #define FWD_CBS_HIST_DIV	10	/* Histogram buckets/second. */
3158 #define N_LAUNDERS_HIST (2 * MAX_FWD_CB_JIFFIES / (HZ / FWD_CBS_HIST_DIV))
3159 
3160 struct rcu_launder_hist {
3161 	long n_launders;
3162 	unsigned long launder_gp_seq;
3163 };
3164 
3165 struct rcu_fwd {
3166 	spinlock_t rcu_fwd_lock;
3167 	struct rcu_fwd_cb *rcu_fwd_cb_head;
3168 	struct rcu_fwd_cb **rcu_fwd_cb_tail;
3169 	long n_launders_cb;
3170 	unsigned long rcu_fwd_startat;
3171 	struct rcu_launder_hist n_launders_hist[N_LAUNDERS_HIST];
3172 	unsigned long rcu_launder_gp_seq_start;
3173 	int rcu_fwd_id;
3174 };
3175 
3176 static DEFINE_MUTEX(rcu_fwd_mutex);
3177 static struct rcu_fwd *rcu_fwds;
3178 static unsigned long rcu_fwd_seq;
3179 static atomic_long_t rcu_fwd_max_cbs;
3180 static bool rcu_fwd_emergency_stop;
3181 
3182 static void rcu_torture_fwd_cb_hist(struct rcu_fwd *rfp)
3183 {
3184 	unsigned long gps;
3185 	unsigned long gps_old;
3186 	int i;
3187 	int j;
3188 
3189 	for (i = ARRAY_SIZE(rfp->n_launders_hist) - 1; i > 0; i--)
3190 		if (rfp->n_launders_hist[i].n_launders > 0)
3191 			break;
3192 	pr_alert("%s: Callback-invocation histogram %d (duration %lu jiffies):",
3193 		 __func__, rfp->rcu_fwd_id, jiffies - rfp->rcu_fwd_startat);
3194 	gps_old = rfp->rcu_launder_gp_seq_start;
3195 	for (j = 0; j <= i; j++) {
3196 		gps = rfp->n_launders_hist[j].launder_gp_seq;
3197 		pr_cont(" %ds/%d: %ld:%ld",
3198 			j + 1, FWD_CBS_HIST_DIV,
3199 			rfp->n_launders_hist[j].n_launders,
3200 			rcutorture_seq_diff(gps, gps_old));
3201 		gps_old = gps;
3202 	}
3203 	pr_cont("\n");
3204 }
3205 
3206 /* Callback function for continuous-flood RCU callbacks. */
3207 static void rcu_torture_fwd_cb_cr(struct rcu_head *rhp)
3208 {
3209 	unsigned long flags;
3210 	int i;
3211 	struct rcu_fwd_cb *rfcp = container_of(rhp, struct rcu_fwd_cb, rh);
3212 	struct rcu_fwd_cb **rfcpp;
3213 	struct rcu_fwd *rfp = rfcp->rfc_rfp;
3214 
3215 	rfcp->rfc_next = NULL;
3216 	rfcp->rfc_gps++;
3217 	spin_lock_irqsave(&rfp->rcu_fwd_lock, flags);
3218 	rfcpp = rfp->rcu_fwd_cb_tail;
3219 	rfp->rcu_fwd_cb_tail = &rfcp->rfc_next;
3220 	smp_store_release(rfcpp, rfcp);
3221 	WRITE_ONCE(rfp->n_launders_cb, rfp->n_launders_cb + 1);
3222 	i = ((jiffies - rfp->rcu_fwd_startat) / (HZ / FWD_CBS_HIST_DIV));
3223 	if (i >= ARRAY_SIZE(rfp->n_launders_hist))
3224 		i = ARRAY_SIZE(rfp->n_launders_hist) - 1;
3225 	rfp->n_launders_hist[i].n_launders++;
3226 	rfp->n_launders_hist[i].launder_gp_seq = cur_ops->get_gp_seq();
3227 	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rfp->rcu_fwd_lock, flags);
3228 }
3229 
3230 // Give the scheduler a chance, even on nohz_full CPUs.
3231 static void rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cond_resched(unsigned long iter)
3232 {
3233 	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_PREEMPTION) && IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL)) {
3234 		// Real call_rcu() floods hit userspace, so emulate that.
3235 		if (need_resched() || (iter & 0xfff))
3236 			schedule();
3237 		return;
3238 	}
3239 	// No userspace emulation: CB invocation throttles call_rcu()
3240 	cond_resched();
3241 }
3242 
3243 /*
3244  * Free all callbacks on the rcu_fwd_cb_head list, either because the
3245  * test is over or because we hit an OOM event.
3246  */
3247 static unsigned long rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cbfree(struct rcu_fwd *rfp)
3248 {
3249 	unsigned long flags;
3250 	unsigned long freed = 0;
3251 	struct rcu_fwd_cb *rfcp;
3252 
3253 	for (;;) {
3254 		spin_lock_irqsave(&rfp->rcu_fwd_lock, flags);
3255 		rfcp = rfp->rcu_fwd_cb_head;
3256 		if (!rfcp) {
3257 			spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rfp->rcu_fwd_lock, flags);
3258 			break;
3259 		}
3260 		rfp->rcu_fwd_cb_head = rfcp->rfc_next;
3261 		if (!rfp->rcu_fwd_cb_head)
3262 			rfp->rcu_fwd_cb_tail = &rfp->rcu_fwd_cb_head;
3263 		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rfp->rcu_fwd_lock, flags);
3264 		kfree(rfcp);
3265 		freed++;
3266 		rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cond_resched(freed);
3267 		if (tick_nohz_full_enabled()) {
3268 			local_irq_save(flags);
3269 			rcu_momentary_eqs();
3270 			local_irq_restore(flags);
3271 		}
3272 	}
3273 	return freed;
3274 }
3275 
3276 /* Carry out need_resched()/cond_resched() forward-progress testing. */
3277 static void rcu_torture_fwd_prog_nr(struct rcu_fwd *rfp,
3278 				    int *tested, int *tested_tries)
3279 {
3280 	unsigned long cver;
3281 	unsigned long dur;
3282 	struct fwd_cb_state fcs;
3283 	unsigned long gps;
3284 	int idx;
3285 	int sd;
3286 	int sd4;
3287 	bool selfpropcb = false;
3288 	unsigned long stopat;
3289 	static DEFINE_TORTURE_RANDOM(trs);
3290 
3291 	pr_alert("%s: Starting forward-progress test %d\n", __func__, rfp->rcu_fwd_id);
3292 	if (!cur_ops->sync)
3293 		return; // Cannot do need_resched() forward progress testing without ->sync.
3294 	if (cur_ops->call && cur_ops->cb_barrier) {
3295 		init_rcu_head_on_stack(&fcs.rh);
3296 		selfpropcb = true;
3297 	}
3298 
3299 	/* Tight loop containing cond_resched(). */
3300 	atomic_inc(&rcu_fwd_cb_nodelay);
3301 	cur_ops->sync(); /* Later readers see above write. */
3302 	if  (selfpropcb) {
3303 		WRITE_ONCE(fcs.stop, 0);
3304 		cur_ops->call(&fcs.rh, rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cb);
3305 	}
3306 	cver = READ_ONCE(rcu_torture_current_version);
3307 	gps = cur_ops->get_gp_seq();
3308 	sd = cur_ops->stall_dur() + 1;
3309 	sd4 = (sd + fwd_progress_div - 1) / fwd_progress_div;
3310 	dur = sd4 + torture_random(&trs) % (sd - sd4);
3311 	WRITE_ONCE(rfp->rcu_fwd_startat, jiffies);
3312 	stopat = rfp->rcu_fwd_startat + dur;
3313 	while (time_before(jiffies, stopat) &&
3314 	       !shutdown_time_arrived() &&
3315 	       !READ_ONCE(rcu_fwd_emergency_stop) && !torture_must_stop()) {
3316 		idx = cur_ops->readlock();
3317 		udelay(10);
3318 		cur_ops->readunlock(idx);
3319 		if (!fwd_progress_need_resched || need_resched())
3320 			cond_resched();
3321 	}
3322 	(*tested_tries)++;
3323 	if (!time_before(jiffies, stopat) &&
3324 	    !shutdown_time_arrived() &&
3325 	    !READ_ONCE(rcu_fwd_emergency_stop) && !torture_must_stop()) {
3326 		(*tested)++;
3327 		cver = READ_ONCE(rcu_torture_current_version) - cver;
3328 		gps = rcutorture_seq_diff(cur_ops->get_gp_seq(), gps);
3329 		WARN_ON(!cver && gps < 2);
3330 		pr_alert("%s: %d Duration %ld cver %ld gps %ld\n", __func__,
3331 			 rfp->rcu_fwd_id, dur, cver, gps);
3332 	}
3333 	if (selfpropcb) {
3334 		WRITE_ONCE(fcs.stop, 1);
3335 		cur_ops->sync(); /* Wait for running CB to complete. */
3336 		pr_alert("%s: Waiting for CBs: %pS() %d\n", __func__, cur_ops->cb_barrier, rfp->rcu_fwd_id);
3337 		cur_ops->cb_barrier(); /* Wait for queued callbacks. */
3338 	}
3339 
3340 	if (selfpropcb) {
3341 		WARN_ON(READ_ONCE(fcs.stop) != 2);
3342 		destroy_rcu_head_on_stack(&fcs.rh);
3343 	}
3344 	schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(HZ / 10); /* Let kthreads recover. */
3345 	atomic_dec(&rcu_fwd_cb_nodelay);
3346 }
3347 
3348 /* Carry out call_rcu() forward-progress testing. */
3349 static void rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cr(struct rcu_fwd *rfp)
3350 {
3351 	unsigned long cver;
3352 	unsigned long flags;
3353 	unsigned long gps;
3354 	int i;
3355 	long n_launders;
3356 	long n_launders_cb_snap;
3357 	long n_launders_sa;
3358 	long n_max_cbs;
3359 	long n_max_gps;
3360 	struct rcu_fwd_cb *rfcp;
3361 	struct rcu_fwd_cb *rfcpn;
3362 	unsigned long stopat;
3363 	unsigned long stoppedat;
3364 
3365 	pr_alert("%s: Starting forward-progress test %d\n", __func__, rfp->rcu_fwd_id);
3366 	if (READ_ONCE(rcu_fwd_emergency_stop))
3367 		return; /* Get out of the way quickly, no GP wait! */
3368 	if (!cur_ops->call)
3369 		return; /* Can't do call_rcu() fwd prog without ->call. */
3370 
3371 	/* Loop continuously posting RCU callbacks. */
3372 	atomic_inc(&rcu_fwd_cb_nodelay);
3373 	cur_ops->sync(); /* Later readers see above write. */
3374 	WRITE_ONCE(rfp->rcu_fwd_startat, jiffies);
3375 	stopat = rfp->rcu_fwd_startat + MAX_FWD_CB_JIFFIES;
3376 	n_launders = 0;
3377 	rfp->n_launders_cb = 0; // Hoist initialization for multi-kthread
3378 	n_launders_sa = 0;
3379 	n_max_cbs = 0;
3380 	n_max_gps = 0;
3381 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(rfp->n_launders_hist); i++)
3382 		rfp->n_launders_hist[i].n_launders = 0;
3383 	cver = READ_ONCE(rcu_torture_current_version);
3384 	gps = cur_ops->get_gp_seq();
3385 	rfp->rcu_launder_gp_seq_start = gps;
3386 	tick_dep_set_task(current, TICK_DEP_BIT_RCU);  // CPU bound, so need tick.
3387 	while (time_before(jiffies, stopat) &&
3388 	       !shutdown_time_arrived() &&
3389 	       !READ_ONCE(rcu_fwd_emergency_stop) && !torture_must_stop()) {
3390 		rfcp = READ_ONCE(rfp->rcu_fwd_cb_head);
3391 		rfcpn = NULL;
3392 		if (rfcp)
3393 			rfcpn = READ_ONCE(rfcp->rfc_next);
3394 		if (rfcpn) {
3395 			if (rfcp->rfc_gps >= MIN_FWD_CB_LAUNDERS &&
3396 			    ++n_max_gps >= MIN_FWD_CBS_LAUNDERED)
3397 				break;
3398 			rfp->rcu_fwd_cb_head = rfcpn;
3399 			n_launders++;
3400 			n_launders_sa++;
3401 		} else if (!cur_ops->cbflood_max || cur_ops->cbflood_max > n_max_cbs) {
3402 			rfcp = kmalloc(sizeof(*rfcp), GFP_KERNEL);
3403 			if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!rfcp)) {
3404 				schedule_timeout_interruptible(1);
3405 				continue;
3406 			}
3407 			n_max_cbs++;
3408 			n_launders_sa = 0;
3409 			rfcp->rfc_gps = 0;
3410 			rfcp->rfc_rfp = rfp;
3411 		} else {
3412 			rfcp = NULL;
3413 		}
3414 		if (rfcp)
3415 			cur_ops->call(&rfcp->rh, rcu_torture_fwd_cb_cr);
3416 		rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cond_resched(n_launders + n_max_cbs);
3417 		if (tick_nohz_full_enabled()) {
3418 			local_irq_save(flags);
3419 			rcu_momentary_eqs();
3420 			local_irq_restore(flags);
3421 		}
3422 	}
3423 	stoppedat = jiffies;
3424 	n_launders_cb_snap = READ_ONCE(rfp->n_launders_cb);
3425 	cver = READ_ONCE(rcu_torture_current_version) - cver;
3426 	gps = rcutorture_seq_diff(cur_ops->get_gp_seq(), gps);
3427 	pr_alert("%s: Waiting for CBs: %pS() %d\n", __func__, cur_ops->cb_barrier, rfp->rcu_fwd_id);
3428 	cur_ops->cb_barrier(); /* Wait for callbacks to be invoked. */
3429 	(void)rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cbfree(rfp);
3430 
3431 	if (!torture_must_stop() && !READ_ONCE(rcu_fwd_emergency_stop) &&
3432 	    !shutdown_time_arrived()) {
3433 		if (WARN_ON(n_max_gps < MIN_FWD_CBS_LAUNDERED) && cur_ops->gp_kthread_dbg)
3434 			cur_ops->gp_kthread_dbg();
3435 		pr_alert("%s Duration %lu barrier: %lu pending %ld n_launders: %ld n_launders_sa: %ld n_max_gps: %ld n_max_cbs: %ld cver %ld gps %ld #online %u\n",
3436 			 __func__,
3437 			 stoppedat - rfp->rcu_fwd_startat, jiffies - stoppedat,
3438 			 n_launders + n_max_cbs - n_launders_cb_snap,
3439 			 n_launders, n_launders_sa,
3440 			 n_max_gps, n_max_cbs, cver, gps, num_online_cpus());
3441 		atomic_long_add(n_max_cbs, &rcu_fwd_max_cbs);
3442 		mutex_lock(&rcu_fwd_mutex); // Serialize histograms.
3443 		rcu_torture_fwd_cb_hist(rfp);
3444 		mutex_unlock(&rcu_fwd_mutex);
3445 	}
3446 	schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(HZ); /* Let CBs drain. */
3447 	tick_dep_clear_task(current, TICK_DEP_BIT_RCU);
3448 	atomic_dec(&rcu_fwd_cb_nodelay);
3449 }
3450 
3451 
3452 /*
3453  * OOM notifier, but this only prints diagnostic information for the
3454  * current forward-progress test.
3455  */
3456 static int rcutorture_oom_notify(struct notifier_block *self,
3457 				 unsigned long notused, void *nfreed)
3458 {
3459 	int i;
3460 	long ncbs;
3461 	struct rcu_fwd *rfp;
3462 
3463 	mutex_lock(&rcu_fwd_mutex);
3464 	rfp = rcu_fwds;
3465 	if (!rfp) {
3466 		mutex_unlock(&rcu_fwd_mutex);
3467 		return NOTIFY_OK;
3468 	}
3469 	WARN(1, "%s invoked upon OOM during forward-progress testing.\n",
3470 	     __func__);
3471 	for (i = 0; i < fwd_progress; i++) {
3472 		rcu_torture_fwd_cb_hist(&rfp[i]);
3473 		rcu_fwd_progress_check(1 + (jiffies - READ_ONCE(rfp[i].rcu_fwd_startat)) / 2);
3474 	}
3475 	WRITE_ONCE(rcu_fwd_emergency_stop, true);
3476 	smp_mb(); /* Emergency stop before free and wait to avoid hangs. */
3477 	ncbs = 0;
3478 	for (i = 0; i < fwd_progress; i++)
3479 		ncbs += rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cbfree(&rfp[i]);
3480 	pr_info("%s: Freed %lu RCU callbacks.\n", __func__, ncbs);
3481 	cur_ops->cb_barrier();
3482 	ncbs = 0;
3483 	for (i = 0; i < fwd_progress; i++)
3484 		ncbs += rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cbfree(&rfp[i]);
3485 	pr_info("%s: Freed %lu RCU callbacks.\n", __func__, ncbs);
3486 	cur_ops->cb_barrier();
3487 	ncbs = 0;
3488 	for (i = 0; i < fwd_progress; i++)
3489 		ncbs += rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cbfree(&rfp[i]);
3490 	pr_info("%s: Freed %lu RCU callbacks.\n", __func__, ncbs);
3491 	smp_mb(); /* Frees before return to avoid redoing OOM. */
3492 	(*(unsigned long *)nfreed)++; /* Forward progress CBs freed! */
3493 	pr_info("%s returning after OOM processing.\n", __func__);
3494 	mutex_unlock(&rcu_fwd_mutex);
3495 	return NOTIFY_OK;
3496 }
3497 
3498 static struct notifier_block rcutorture_oom_nb = {
3499 	.notifier_call = rcutorture_oom_notify
3500 };
3501 
3502 /* Carry out grace-period forward-progress testing. */
3503 static int rcu_torture_fwd_prog(void *args)
3504 {
3505 	bool firsttime = true;
3506 	long max_cbs;
3507 	int oldnice = task_nice(current);
3508 	unsigned long oldseq = READ_ONCE(rcu_fwd_seq);
3509 	struct rcu_fwd *rfp = args;
3510 	int tested = 0;
3511 	int tested_tries = 0;
3512 
3513 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_fwd_progress task started");
3514 	while (!rcu_inkernel_boot_has_ended())
3515 		schedule_timeout_interruptible(HZ / 10);
3516 	rcu_bind_current_to_nocb();
3517 	if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_SMP) || !IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RCU_BOOST))
3518 		set_user_nice(current, MAX_NICE);
3519 	do {
3520 		if (!rfp->rcu_fwd_id) {
3521 			schedule_timeout_interruptible(fwd_progress_holdoff * HZ);
3522 			WRITE_ONCE(rcu_fwd_emergency_stop, false);
3523 			if (!firsttime) {
3524 				max_cbs = atomic_long_xchg(&rcu_fwd_max_cbs, 0);
3525 				pr_alert("%s n_max_cbs: %ld\n", __func__, max_cbs);
3526 			}
3527 			firsttime = false;
3528 			WRITE_ONCE(rcu_fwd_seq, rcu_fwd_seq + 1);
3529 		} else {
3530 			while (READ_ONCE(rcu_fwd_seq) == oldseq && !torture_must_stop())
3531 				schedule_timeout_interruptible(HZ / 20);
3532 			oldseq = READ_ONCE(rcu_fwd_seq);
3533 		}
3534 		pr_alert("%s: Starting forward-progress test %d\n", __func__, rfp->rcu_fwd_id);
3535 		if (rcu_inkernel_boot_has_ended() && torture_num_online_cpus() > rfp->rcu_fwd_id)
3536 			rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cr(rfp);
3537 		if ((cur_ops->stall_dur && cur_ops->stall_dur() > 0) &&
3538 		    (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_TINY_RCU) ||
3539 		     (rcu_inkernel_boot_has_ended() &&
3540 		      torture_num_online_cpus() > rfp->rcu_fwd_id)))
3541 			rcu_torture_fwd_prog_nr(rfp, &tested, &tested_tries);
3542 
3543 		/* Avoid slow periods, better to test when busy. */
3544 		if (stutter_wait("rcu_torture_fwd_prog"))
3545 			sched_set_normal(current, oldnice);
3546 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
3547 	/* Short runs might not contain a valid forward-progress attempt. */
3548 	if (!rfp->rcu_fwd_id) {
3549 		WARN_ON(!tested && tested_tries >= 5);
3550 		pr_alert("%s: tested %d tested_tries %d\n", __func__, tested, tested_tries);
3551 	}
3552 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_fwd_prog");
3553 	return 0;
3554 }
3555 
3556 /* If forward-progress checking is requested and feasible, spawn the thread. */
3557 static int __init rcu_torture_fwd_prog_init(void)
3558 {
3559 	int i;
3560 	int ret = 0;
3561 	struct rcu_fwd *rfp;
3562 
3563 	if (!fwd_progress)
3564 		return 0; /* Not requested, so don't do it. */
3565 	if (fwd_progress >= nr_cpu_ids) {
3566 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_fwd_prog_init: Limiting fwd_progress to # CPUs.\n");
3567 		fwd_progress = nr_cpu_ids;
3568 	} else if (fwd_progress < 0) {
3569 		fwd_progress = nr_cpu_ids;
3570 	}
3571 	if ((!cur_ops->sync && !cur_ops->call) ||
3572 	    (!cur_ops->cbflood_max && (!cur_ops->stall_dur || cur_ops->stall_dur() <= 0)) ||
3573 	    cur_ops == &rcu_busted_ops) {
3574 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_fwd_prog_init: Disabled, unsupported by RCU flavor under test");
3575 		fwd_progress = 0;
3576 		return 0;
3577 	}
3578 	if (stall_cpu > 0 || (preempt_duration > 0 && IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RCU_NOCB_CPU))) {
3579 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_fwd_prog_init: Disabled, conflicts with CPU-stall and/or preemption testing");
3580 		fwd_progress = 0;
3581 		if (IS_MODULE(CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST))
3582 			return -EINVAL; /* In module, can fail back to user. */
3583 		WARN_ON(1); /* Make sure rcutorture scripting notices conflict. */
3584 		return 0;
3585 	}
3586 	if (fwd_progress_holdoff <= 0)
3587 		fwd_progress_holdoff = 1;
3588 	if (fwd_progress_div <= 0)
3589 		fwd_progress_div = 4;
3590 	rfp = kcalloc(fwd_progress, sizeof(*rfp), GFP_KERNEL);
3591 	fwd_prog_tasks = kcalloc(fwd_progress, sizeof(*fwd_prog_tasks), GFP_KERNEL);
3592 	if (!rfp || !fwd_prog_tasks) {
3593 		kfree(rfp);
3594 		kfree(fwd_prog_tasks);
3595 		fwd_prog_tasks = NULL;
3596 		fwd_progress = 0;
3597 		return -ENOMEM;
3598 	}
3599 	for (i = 0; i < fwd_progress; i++) {
3600 		spin_lock_init(&rfp[i].rcu_fwd_lock);
3601 		rfp[i].rcu_fwd_cb_tail = &rfp[i].rcu_fwd_cb_head;
3602 		rfp[i].rcu_fwd_id = i;
3603 	}
3604 	mutex_lock(&rcu_fwd_mutex);
3605 	rcu_fwds = rfp;
3606 	mutex_unlock(&rcu_fwd_mutex);
3607 	register_oom_notifier(&rcutorture_oom_nb);
3608 	for (i = 0; i < fwd_progress; i++) {
3609 		ret = torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_fwd_prog, &rcu_fwds[i], fwd_prog_tasks[i]);
3610 		if (ret) {
3611 			fwd_progress = i;
3612 			return ret;
3613 		}
3614 	}
3615 	return 0;
3616 }
3617 
3618 static void rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cleanup(void)
3619 {
3620 	int i;
3621 	struct rcu_fwd *rfp;
3622 
3623 	if (!rcu_fwds || !fwd_prog_tasks)
3624 		return;
3625 	for (i = 0; i < fwd_progress; i++)
3626 		torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_fwd_prog, fwd_prog_tasks[i]);
3627 	unregister_oom_notifier(&rcutorture_oom_nb);
3628 	mutex_lock(&rcu_fwd_mutex);
3629 	rfp = rcu_fwds;
3630 	rcu_fwds = NULL;
3631 	mutex_unlock(&rcu_fwd_mutex);
3632 	kfree(rfp);
3633 	kfree(fwd_prog_tasks);
3634 	fwd_prog_tasks = NULL;
3635 }
3636 
3637 /* Callback function for RCU barrier testing. */
3638 static void rcu_torture_barrier_cbf(struct rcu_head *rcu)
3639 {
3640 	atomic_inc(&barrier_cbs_invoked);
3641 }
3642 
3643 /* IPI handler to get callback posted on desired CPU, if online. */
3644 static int rcu_torture_barrier1cb(void *rcu_void)
3645 {
3646 	struct rcu_head *rhp = rcu_void;
3647 
3648 	cur_ops->call(rhp, rcu_torture_barrier_cbf);
3649 	return 0;
3650 }
3651 
3652 /* kthread function to register callbacks used to test RCU barriers. */
3653 static int rcu_torture_barrier_cbs(void *arg)
3654 {
3655 	long myid = (long)arg;
3656 	bool lastphase = false;
3657 	bool newphase;
3658 	struct rcu_head rcu;
3659 
3660 	init_rcu_head_on_stack(&rcu);
3661 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_barrier_cbs task started");
3662 	set_user_nice(current, MAX_NICE);
3663 	do {
3664 		wait_event(barrier_cbs_wq[myid],
3665 			   (newphase =
3666 			    smp_load_acquire(&barrier_phase)) != lastphase ||
3667 			   torture_must_stop());
3668 		lastphase = newphase;
3669 		if (torture_must_stop())
3670 			break;
3671 		/*
3672 		 * The above smp_load_acquire() ensures barrier_phase load
3673 		 * is ordered before the following ->call().
3674 		 */
3675 		if (smp_call_on_cpu(myid, rcu_torture_barrier1cb, &rcu, 1))
3676 			cur_ops->call(&rcu, rcu_torture_barrier_cbf);
3677 
3678 		if (atomic_dec_and_test(&barrier_cbs_count))
3679 			wake_up(&barrier_wq);
3680 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
3681 	if (cur_ops->cb_barrier != NULL)
3682 		cur_ops->cb_barrier();
3683 	destroy_rcu_head_on_stack(&rcu);
3684 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_barrier_cbs");
3685 	return 0;
3686 }
3687 
3688 /* kthread function to drive and coordinate RCU barrier testing. */
3689 static int rcu_torture_barrier(void *arg)
3690 {
3691 	int i;
3692 
3693 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_barrier task starting");
3694 	do {
3695 		atomic_set(&barrier_cbs_invoked, 0);
3696 		atomic_set(&barrier_cbs_count, n_barrier_cbs);
3697 		/* Ensure barrier_phase ordered after prior assignments. */
3698 		smp_store_release(&barrier_phase, !barrier_phase);
3699 		for (i = 0; i < n_barrier_cbs; i++)
3700 			wake_up(&barrier_cbs_wq[i]);
3701 		wait_event(barrier_wq,
3702 			   atomic_read(&barrier_cbs_count) == 0 ||
3703 			   torture_must_stop());
3704 		if (torture_must_stop())
3705 			break;
3706 		n_barrier_attempts++;
3707 		cur_ops->cb_barrier(); /* Implies smp_mb() for wait_event(). */
3708 		if (atomic_read(&barrier_cbs_invoked) != n_barrier_cbs) {
3709 			n_rcu_torture_barrier_error++;
3710 			pr_err("barrier_cbs_invoked = %d, n_barrier_cbs = %d\n",
3711 			       atomic_read(&barrier_cbs_invoked),
3712 			       n_barrier_cbs);
3713 			WARN_ON(1);
3714 			// Wait manually for the remaining callbacks
3715 			i = 0;
3716 			do {
3717 				if (WARN_ON(i++ > HZ))
3718 					i = INT_MIN;
3719 				schedule_timeout_interruptible(1);
3720 				cur_ops->cb_barrier();
3721 			} while (atomic_read(&barrier_cbs_invoked) !=
3722 				 n_barrier_cbs &&
3723 				 !torture_must_stop());
3724 			smp_mb(); // Can't trust ordering if broken.
3725 			if (!torture_must_stop())
3726 				pr_err("Recovered: barrier_cbs_invoked = %d\n",
3727 				       atomic_read(&barrier_cbs_invoked));
3728 		} else {
3729 			n_barrier_successes++;
3730 		}
3731 		schedule_timeout_interruptible(HZ / 10);
3732 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
3733 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_barrier");
3734 	return 0;
3735 }
3736 
3737 /* Initialize RCU barrier testing. */
3738 static int rcu_torture_barrier_init(void)
3739 {
3740 	int i;
3741 	int ret;
3742 
3743 	if (n_barrier_cbs <= 0)
3744 		return 0;
3745 	if (cur_ops->call == NULL || cur_ops->cb_barrier == NULL) {
3746 		pr_alert("%s" TORTURE_FLAG
3747 			 " Call or barrier ops missing for %s,\n",
3748 			 torture_type, cur_ops->name);
3749 		pr_alert("%s" TORTURE_FLAG
3750 			 " RCU barrier testing omitted from run.\n",
3751 			 torture_type);
3752 		return 0;
3753 	}
3754 	atomic_set(&barrier_cbs_count, 0);
3755 	atomic_set(&barrier_cbs_invoked, 0);
3756 	barrier_cbs_tasks =
3757 		kcalloc(n_barrier_cbs, sizeof(barrier_cbs_tasks[0]),
3758 			GFP_KERNEL);
3759 	barrier_cbs_wq =
3760 		kcalloc(n_barrier_cbs, sizeof(barrier_cbs_wq[0]), GFP_KERNEL);
3761 	if (barrier_cbs_tasks == NULL || !barrier_cbs_wq)
3762 		return -ENOMEM;
3763 	for (i = 0; i < n_barrier_cbs; i++) {
3764 		init_waitqueue_head(&barrier_cbs_wq[i]);
3765 		ret = torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_barrier_cbs,
3766 					     (void *)(long)i,
3767 					     barrier_cbs_tasks[i]);
3768 		if (ret)
3769 			return ret;
3770 	}
3771 	return torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_barrier, NULL, barrier_task);
3772 }
3773 
3774 /* Clean up after RCU barrier testing. */
3775 static void rcu_torture_barrier_cleanup(void)
3776 {
3777 	int i;
3778 
3779 	torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_barrier, barrier_task);
3780 	if (barrier_cbs_tasks != NULL) {
3781 		for (i = 0; i < n_barrier_cbs; i++)
3782 			torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_barrier_cbs,
3783 					     barrier_cbs_tasks[i]);
3784 		kfree(barrier_cbs_tasks);
3785 		barrier_cbs_tasks = NULL;
3786 	}
3787 	if (barrier_cbs_wq != NULL) {
3788 		kfree(barrier_cbs_wq);
3789 		barrier_cbs_wq = NULL;
3790 	}
3791 }
3792 
3793 static bool rcu_torture_can_boost(void)
3794 {
3795 	static int boost_warn_once;
3796 	int prio;
3797 
3798 	if (!(test_boost == 1 && cur_ops->can_boost) && test_boost != 2)
3799 		return false;
3800 	if (!cur_ops->start_gp_poll || !cur_ops->poll_gp_state)
3801 		return false;
3802 
3803 	prio = rcu_get_gp_kthreads_prio();
3804 	if (!prio)
3805 		return false;
3806 
3807 	if (prio < 2) {
3808 		if (boost_warn_once == 1)
3809 			return false;
3810 
3811 		pr_alert("%s: WARN: RCU kthread priority too low to test boosting.  Skipping RCU boost test. Try passing rcutree.kthread_prio > 1 on the kernel command line.\n", KBUILD_MODNAME);
3812 		boost_warn_once = 1;
3813 		return false;
3814 	}
3815 
3816 	return true;
3817 }
3818 
3819 static bool read_exit_child_stop;
3820 static bool read_exit_child_stopped;
3821 static wait_queue_head_t read_exit_wq;
3822 
3823 // Child kthread which just does an rcutorture reader and exits.
3824 static int rcu_torture_read_exit_child(void *trsp_in)
3825 {
3826 	struct torture_random_state *trsp = trsp_in;
3827 
3828 	set_user_nice(current, MAX_NICE);
3829 	// Minimize time between reading and exiting.
3830 	while (!kthread_should_stop())
3831 		schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(HZ / 20);
3832 	(void)rcu_torture_one_read(trsp, -1);
3833 	return 0;
3834 }
3835 
3836 // Parent kthread which creates and destroys read-exit child kthreads.
3837 static int rcu_torture_read_exit(void *unused)
3838 {
3839 	bool errexit = false;
3840 	int i;
3841 	struct task_struct *tsp;
3842 	DEFINE_TORTURE_RANDOM(trs);
3843 
3844 	// Allocate and initialize.
3845 	set_user_nice(current, MAX_NICE);
3846 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_read_exit: Start of test");
3847 
3848 	// Each pass through this loop does one read-exit episode.
3849 	do {
3850 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_read_exit: Start of episode");
3851 		for (i = 0; i < read_exit_burst; i++) {
3852 			if (READ_ONCE(read_exit_child_stop))
3853 				break;
3854 			stutter_wait("rcu_torture_read_exit");
3855 			// Spawn child.
3856 			tsp = kthread_run(rcu_torture_read_exit_child,
3857 					  &trs, "%s", "rcu_torture_read_exit_child");
3858 			if (IS_ERR(tsp)) {
3859 				TOROUT_ERRSTRING("out of memory");
3860 				errexit = true;
3861 				break;
3862 			}
3863 			cond_resched();
3864 			kthread_stop(tsp);
3865 			n_read_exits++;
3866 		}
3867 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_read_exit: End of episode");
3868 		rcu_barrier(); // Wait for task_struct free, avoid OOM.
3869 		i = 0;
3870 		for (; !errexit && !READ_ONCE(read_exit_child_stop) && i < read_exit_delay; i++)
3871 			schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(HZ);
3872 	} while (!errexit && !READ_ONCE(read_exit_child_stop));
3873 
3874 	// Clean up and exit.
3875 	smp_store_release(&read_exit_child_stopped, true); // After reaping.
3876 	smp_mb(); // Store before wakeup.
3877 	wake_up(&read_exit_wq);
3878 	while (!torture_must_stop())
3879 		schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(HZ / 20);
3880 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_read_exit");
3881 	return 0;
3882 }
3883 
3884 static int rcu_torture_read_exit_init(void)
3885 {
3886 	if (read_exit_burst <= 0)
3887 		return 0;
3888 	init_waitqueue_head(&read_exit_wq);
3889 	read_exit_child_stop = false;
3890 	read_exit_child_stopped = false;
3891 	return torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_read_exit, NULL,
3892 				      read_exit_task);
3893 }
3894 
3895 static void rcu_torture_read_exit_cleanup(void)
3896 {
3897 	if (!read_exit_task)
3898 		return;
3899 	WRITE_ONCE(read_exit_child_stop, true);
3900 	smp_mb(); // Above write before wait.
3901 	wait_event(read_exit_wq, smp_load_acquire(&read_exit_child_stopped));
3902 	torture_stop_kthread(rcutorture_read_exit, read_exit_task);
3903 }
3904 
3905 static void rcutorture_test_nmis(int n)
3906 {
3907 #if IS_BUILTIN(CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST)
3908 	int cpu;
3909 	int dumpcpu;
3910 	int i;
3911 
3912 	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
3913 		preempt_disable();
3914 		cpu = smp_processor_id();
3915 		dumpcpu = cpu + 1;
3916 		if (dumpcpu >= nr_cpu_ids)
3917 			dumpcpu = 0;
3918 		pr_alert("%s: CPU %d invoking dump_cpu_task(%d)\n", __func__, cpu, dumpcpu);
3919 		dump_cpu_task(dumpcpu);
3920 		preempt_enable();
3921 		schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(15 * HZ);
3922 	}
3923 #else // #if IS_BUILTIN(CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST)
3924 	WARN_ONCE(n, "Non-zero rcutorture.test_nmis=%d permitted only when rcutorture is built in.\n", test_nmis);
3925 #endif // #else // #if IS_BUILTIN(CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST)
3926 }
3927 
3928 // Randomly preempt online CPUs.
3929 static int rcu_torture_preempt(void *unused)
3930 {
3931 	int cpu = -1;
3932 	DEFINE_TORTURE_RANDOM(rand);
3933 
3934 	schedule_timeout_idle(stall_cpu_holdoff);
3935 	do {
3936 		// Wait for preempt_interval ms with up to 100us fuzz.
3937 		torture_hrtimeout_ms(preempt_interval, 100, &rand);
3938 		// Select online CPU.
3939 		cpu = cpumask_next(cpu, cpu_online_mask);
3940 		if (cpu >= nr_cpu_ids)
3941 			cpu = cpumask_next(-1, cpu_online_mask);
3942 		WARN_ON_ONCE(cpu >= nr_cpu_ids);
3943 		// Move to that CPU, if can't do so, retry later.
3944 		if (torture_sched_setaffinity(current->pid, cpumask_of(cpu), false))
3945 			continue;
3946 		// Preempt at high-ish priority, then reset to normal.
3947 		sched_set_fifo(current);
3948 		torture_sched_setaffinity(current->pid, cpu_present_mask, true);
3949 		mdelay(preempt_duration);
3950 		sched_set_normal(current, 0);
3951 		stutter_wait("rcu_torture_preempt");
3952 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
3953 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_preempt");
3954 	return 0;
3955 }
3956 
3957 static enum cpuhp_state rcutor_hp;
3958 
3959 static struct hrtimer gpwrap_lag_timer;
3960 static bool gpwrap_lag_active;
3961 
3962 /* Timer handler for toggling RCU grace-period sequence overflow test lag value */
3963 static enum hrtimer_restart rcu_gpwrap_lag_timer(struct hrtimer *timer)
3964 {
3965 	ktime_t next_delay;
3966 
3967 	if (gpwrap_lag_active) {
3968 		pr_alert("rcu-torture: Disabling gpwrap lag (value=0)\n");
3969 		cur_ops->set_gpwrap_lag(0);
3970 		gpwrap_lag_active = false;
3971 		next_delay = ktime_set((gpwrap_lag_cycle_mins - gpwrap_lag_active_mins) * 60, 0);
3972 	} else {
3973 		pr_alert("rcu-torture: Enabling gpwrap lag (value=%d)\n", gpwrap_lag_gps);
3974 		cur_ops->set_gpwrap_lag(gpwrap_lag_gps);
3975 		gpwrap_lag_active = true;
3976 		next_delay = ktime_set(gpwrap_lag_active_mins * 60, 0);
3977 	}
3978 
3979 	if (torture_must_stop_irq())
3980 		return HRTIMER_NORESTART;
3981 
3982 	hrtimer_forward_now(timer, next_delay);
3983 	return HRTIMER_RESTART;
3984 }
3985 
3986 static int rcu_gpwrap_lag_init(void)
3987 {
3988 	if (!gpwrap_lag)
3989 		return 0;
3990 
3991 	if (gpwrap_lag_cycle_mins <= 0 || gpwrap_lag_active_mins <= 0) {
3992 		pr_alert("rcu-torture: lag timing parameters must be positive\n");
3993 		return -EINVAL;
3994 	}
3995 
3996 	hrtimer_setup(&gpwrap_lag_timer, rcu_gpwrap_lag_timer, CLOCK_MONOTONIC, HRTIMER_MODE_REL);
3997 	gpwrap_lag_active = false;
3998 	hrtimer_start(&gpwrap_lag_timer,
3999 		      ktime_set((gpwrap_lag_cycle_mins - gpwrap_lag_active_mins) * 60, 0), HRTIMER_MODE_REL);
4000 
4001 	return 0;
4002 }
4003 
4004 static void rcu_gpwrap_lag_cleanup(void)
4005 {
4006 	hrtimer_cancel(&gpwrap_lag_timer);
4007 	cur_ops->set_gpwrap_lag(0);
4008 	gpwrap_lag_active = false;
4009 }
4010 static void
4011 rcu_torture_cleanup(void)
4012 {
4013 	int firsttime;
4014 	int flags = 0;
4015 	unsigned long gp_seq = 0;
4016 	int i;
4017 	int j;
4018 
4019 	if (torture_cleanup_begin()) {
4020 		if (cur_ops->cb_barrier != NULL) {
4021 			pr_info("%s: Invoking %pS().\n", __func__, cur_ops->cb_barrier);
4022 			cur_ops->cb_barrier();
4023 		}
4024 		if (cur_ops->gp_slow_unregister)
4025 			cur_ops->gp_slow_unregister(NULL);
4026 		return;
4027 	}
4028 	if (!cur_ops) {
4029 		torture_cleanup_end();
4030 		return;
4031 	}
4032 
4033 	rcutorture_test_nmis(test_nmis);
4034 
4035 	if (cur_ops->gp_kthread_dbg)
4036 		cur_ops->gp_kthread_dbg();
4037 	torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_preempt, preempt_task);
4038 	rcu_torture_read_exit_cleanup();
4039 	rcu_torture_barrier_cleanup();
4040 	rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cleanup();
4041 	torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_stall, stall_task);
4042 	torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_writer, writer_task);
4043 
4044 	if (nocb_tasks) {
4045 		for (i = 0; i < nrealnocbers; i++)
4046 			torture_stop_kthread(rcu_nocb_toggle, nocb_tasks[i]);
4047 		kfree(nocb_tasks);
4048 		nocb_tasks = NULL;
4049 	}
4050 
4051 	if (updown_task) {
4052 		torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_updown, updown_task);
4053 		updown_task = NULL;
4054 	}
4055 	if (reader_tasks) {
4056 		for (i = 0; i < nrealreaders; i++)
4057 			torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_reader,
4058 					     reader_tasks[i]);
4059 		kfree(reader_tasks);
4060 		reader_tasks = NULL;
4061 	}
4062 	kfree(rcu_torture_reader_mbchk);
4063 	rcu_torture_reader_mbchk = NULL;
4064 
4065 	if (fakewriter_tasks) {
4066 		for (i = 0; i < nrealfakewriters; i++)
4067 			torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_fakewriter,
4068 					     fakewriter_tasks[i]);
4069 		kfree(fakewriter_tasks);
4070 		fakewriter_tasks = NULL;
4071 	}
4072 
4073 	if (cur_ops->get_gp_data)
4074 		cur_ops->get_gp_data(&flags, &gp_seq);
4075 	pr_alert("%s:  End-test grace-period state: g%ld f%#x total-gps=%ld\n",
4076 		 cur_ops->name, (long)gp_seq, flags,
4077 		 rcutorture_seq_diff(gp_seq, start_gp_seq));
4078 	torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_stats, stats_task);
4079 	torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_fqs, fqs_task);
4080 	if (rcu_torture_can_boost() && rcutor_hp >= 0)
4081 		cpuhp_remove_state(rcutor_hp);
4082 
4083 	/*
4084 	 * Wait for all RCU callbacks to fire, then do torture-type-specific
4085 	 * cleanup operations.
4086 	 */
4087 	if (cur_ops->cb_barrier != NULL) {
4088 		pr_info("%s: Invoking %pS().\n", __func__, cur_ops->cb_barrier);
4089 		cur_ops->cb_barrier();
4090 	}
4091 	if (cur_ops->cleanup != NULL)
4092 		cur_ops->cleanup();
4093 
4094 	rcu_torture_mem_dump_obj();
4095 
4096 	rcu_torture_stats_print();  /* -After- the stats thread is stopped! */
4097 
4098 	if (err_segs_recorded) {
4099 		pr_alert("Failure/close-call rcutorture reader segments:\n");
4100 		if (rt_read_nsegs == 0)
4101 			pr_alert("\t: No segments recorded!!!\n");
4102 		firsttime = 1;
4103 		for (i = 0; i < rt_read_nsegs; i++) {
4104 			if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST_LOG_GP))
4105 				pr_alert("\t%lluus ", div64_u64(err_segs[i].rt_ts, 1000ULL));
4106 			else
4107 				pr_alert("\t");
4108 			pr_cont("%d: %#4x", i, err_segs[i].rt_readstate);
4109 			if (err_segs[i].rt_delay_jiffies != 0) {
4110 				pr_cont("%s%ldjiffies", firsttime ? "" : "+",
4111 					err_segs[i].rt_delay_jiffies);
4112 				firsttime = 0;
4113 			}
4114 			if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST_LOG_CPU)) {
4115 				pr_cont(" CPU %2d", err_segs[i].rt_cpu);
4116 				if (err_segs[i].rt_cpu != err_segs[i].rt_end_cpu)
4117 					pr_cont("->%-2d", err_segs[i].rt_end_cpu);
4118 				else
4119 					pr_cont(" ...");
4120 			}
4121 			if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST_LOG_GP) &&
4122 			    cur_ops->gather_gp_seqs && cur_ops->format_gp_seqs) {
4123 				char buf1[20+1];
4124 				char buf2[20+1];
4125 				char sepchar = '-';
4126 
4127 				cur_ops->format_gp_seqs(err_segs[i].rt_gp_seq,
4128 							buf1, ARRAY_SIZE(buf1));
4129 				cur_ops->format_gp_seqs(err_segs[i].rt_gp_seq_end,
4130 							buf2, ARRAY_SIZE(buf2));
4131 				if (err_segs[i].rt_gp_seq == err_segs[i].rt_gp_seq_end) {
4132 					if (buf2[0]) {
4133 						for (j = 0; buf2[j]; j++)
4134 							buf2[j] = '.';
4135 						if (j)
4136 							buf2[j - 1] = ' ';
4137 					}
4138 					sepchar = ' ';
4139 				}
4140 				pr_cont(" %s%c%s", buf1, sepchar, buf2);
4141 			}
4142 			if (err_segs[i].rt_delay_ms != 0) {
4143 				pr_cont(" %s%ldms", firsttime ? "" : "+",
4144 					err_segs[i].rt_delay_ms);
4145 				firsttime = 0;
4146 			}
4147 			if (err_segs[i].rt_delay_us != 0) {
4148 				pr_cont(" %s%ldus", firsttime ? "" : "+",
4149 					err_segs[i].rt_delay_us);
4150 				firsttime = 0;
4151 			}
4152 			pr_cont("%s", err_segs[i].rt_preempted ? " preempted" : "");
4153 			if (err_segs[i].rt_readstate & RCUTORTURE_RDR_BH)
4154 				pr_cont(" BH");
4155 			if (err_segs[i].rt_readstate & RCUTORTURE_RDR_IRQ)
4156 				pr_cont(" IRQ");
4157 			if (err_segs[i].rt_readstate & RCUTORTURE_RDR_PREEMPT)
4158 				pr_cont(" PREEMPT");
4159 			if (err_segs[i].rt_readstate & RCUTORTURE_RDR_RBH)
4160 				pr_cont(" RBH");
4161 			if (err_segs[i].rt_readstate & RCUTORTURE_RDR_SCHED)
4162 				pr_cont(" SCHED");
4163 			if (err_segs[i].rt_readstate & RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_1)
4164 				pr_cont(" RCU_1");
4165 			if (err_segs[i].rt_readstate & RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_2)
4166 				pr_cont(" RCU_2");
4167 			pr_cont("\n");
4168 
4169 		}
4170 		if (rt_read_preempted)
4171 			pr_alert("\tReader was preempted.\n");
4172 	}
4173 	if (atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_error) || n_rcu_torture_barrier_error)
4174 		rcu_torture_print_module_parms(cur_ops, "End of test: FAILURE");
4175 	else if (torture_onoff_failures())
4176 		rcu_torture_print_module_parms(cur_ops,
4177 					       "End of test: RCU_HOTPLUG");
4178 	else
4179 		rcu_torture_print_module_parms(cur_ops, "End of test: SUCCESS");
4180 	torture_cleanup_end();
4181 	if (cur_ops->gp_slow_unregister)
4182 		cur_ops->gp_slow_unregister(NULL);
4183 
4184 	if (gpwrap_lag && cur_ops->set_gpwrap_lag)
4185 		rcu_gpwrap_lag_cleanup();
4186 }
4187 
4188 static void rcu_torture_leak_cb(struct rcu_head *rhp)
4189 {
4190 }
4191 
4192 static void rcu_torture_err_cb(struct rcu_head *rhp)
4193 {
4194 	/*
4195 	 * This -might- happen due to race conditions, but is unlikely.
4196 	 * The scenario that leads to this happening is that the
4197 	 * first of the pair of duplicate callbacks is queued,
4198 	 * someone else starts a grace period that includes that
4199 	 * callback, then the second of the pair must wait for the
4200 	 * next grace period.  Unlikely, but can happen.  If it
4201 	 * does happen, the debug-objects subsystem won't have splatted.
4202 	 */
4203 	pr_alert("%s: duplicated callback was invoked.\n", KBUILD_MODNAME);
4204 }
4205 
4206 /*
4207  * Verify that double-free causes debug-objects to complain, but only
4208  * if CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD=y.  Otherwise, say that the test
4209  * cannot be carried out.
4210  */
4211 static void rcu_test_debug_objects(void)
4212 {
4213 	struct rcu_head rh1;
4214 	struct rcu_head rh2;
4215 	int idx;
4216 
4217 	if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD)) {
4218 		pr_alert("%s: !CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD, not testing duplicate call_%s()\n",
4219 					KBUILD_MODNAME, cur_ops->name);
4220 		return;
4221 	}
4222 
4223 	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(cur_ops->debug_objects &&
4224 			(!cur_ops->call || !cur_ops->cb_barrier)))
4225 		return;
4226 
4227 	struct rcu_head *rhp = kmalloc(sizeof(*rhp), GFP_KERNEL);
4228 
4229 	init_rcu_head_on_stack(&rh1);
4230 	init_rcu_head_on_stack(&rh2);
4231 	pr_alert("%s: WARN: Duplicate call_%s() test starting.\n", KBUILD_MODNAME, cur_ops->name);
4232 
4233 	/* Try to queue the rh2 pair of callbacks for the same grace period. */
4234 	idx = cur_ops->readlock(); /* Make it impossible to finish a grace period. */
4235 	cur_ops->call(&rh1, rcu_torture_leak_cb); /* Start grace period. */
4236 	cur_ops->call(&rh2, rcu_torture_leak_cb);
4237 	cur_ops->call(&rh2, rcu_torture_err_cb); /* Duplicate callback. */
4238 	if (rhp) {
4239 		cur_ops->call(rhp, rcu_torture_leak_cb);
4240 		cur_ops->call(rhp, rcu_torture_err_cb); /* Another duplicate callback. */
4241 	}
4242 	cur_ops->readunlock(idx);
4243 
4244 	/* Wait for them all to get done so we can safely return. */
4245 	cur_ops->cb_barrier();
4246 	pr_alert("%s: WARN: Duplicate call_%s() test complete.\n", KBUILD_MODNAME, cur_ops->name);
4247 	destroy_rcu_head_on_stack(&rh1);
4248 	destroy_rcu_head_on_stack(&rh2);
4249 	kfree(rhp);
4250 }
4251 
4252 static void rcutorture_sync(void)
4253 {
4254 	static unsigned long n;
4255 
4256 	if (cur_ops->sync && !(++n & 0xfff))
4257 		cur_ops->sync();
4258 }
4259 
4260 static DEFINE_MUTEX(mut0);
4261 static DEFINE_MUTEX(mut1);
4262 static DEFINE_MUTEX(mut2);
4263 static DEFINE_MUTEX(mut3);
4264 static DEFINE_MUTEX(mut4);
4265 static DEFINE_MUTEX(mut5);
4266 static DEFINE_MUTEX(mut6);
4267 static DEFINE_MUTEX(mut7);
4268 static DEFINE_MUTEX(mut8);
4269 static DEFINE_MUTEX(mut9);
4270 
4271 static DECLARE_RWSEM(rwsem0);
4272 static DECLARE_RWSEM(rwsem1);
4273 static DECLARE_RWSEM(rwsem2);
4274 static DECLARE_RWSEM(rwsem3);
4275 static DECLARE_RWSEM(rwsem4);
4276 static DECLARE_RWSEM(rwsem5);
4277 static DECLARE_RWSEM(rwsem6);
4278 static DECLARE_RWSEM(rwsem7);
4279 static DECLARE_RWSEM(rwsem8);
4280 static DECLARE_RWSEM(rwsem9);
4281 
4282 DEFINE_STATIC_SRCU(srcu0);
4283 DEFINE_STATIC_SRCU(srcu1);
4284 DEFINE_STATIC_SRCU(srcu2);
4285 DEFINE_STATIC_SRCU(srcu3);
4286 DEFINE_STATIC_SRCU(srcu4);
4287 DEFINE_STATIC_SRCU(srcu5);
4288 DEFINE_STATIC_SRCU(srcu6);
4289 DEFINE_STATIC_SRCU(srcu7);
4290 DEFINE_STATIC_SRCU(srcu8);
4291 DEFINE_STATIC_SRCU(srcu9);
4292 
4293 static int srcu_lockdep_next(const char *f, const char *fl, const char *fs, const char *fu, int i,
4294 			     int cyclelen, int deadlock)
4295 {
4296 	int j = i + 1;
4297 
4298 	if (j >= cyclelen)
4299 		j = deadlock ? 0 : -1;
4300 	if (j >= 0)
4301 		pr_info("%s: %s(%d), %s(%d), %s(%d)\n", f, fl, i, fs, j, fu, i);
4302 	else
4303 		pr_info("%s: %s(%d), %s(%d)\n", f, fl, i, fu, i);
4304 	return j;
4305 }
4306 
4307 // Test lockdep on SRCU-based deadlock scenarios.
4308 static void rcu_torture_init_srcu_lockdep(void)
4309 {
4310 	int cyclelen;
4311 	int deadlock;
4312 	bool err = false;
4313 	int i;
4314 	int j;
4315 	int idx;
4316 	struct mutex *muts[] = { &mut0, &mut1, &mut2, &mut3, &mut4,
4317 				 &mut5, &mut6, &mut7, &mut8, &mut9 };
4318 	struct rw_semaphore *rwsems[] = { &rwsem0, &rwsem1, &rwsem2, &rwsem3, &rwsem4,
4319 					  &rwsem5, &rwsem6, &rwsem7, &rwsem8, &rwsem9 };
4320 	struct srcu_struct *srcus[] = { &srcu0, &srcu1, &srcu2, &srcu3, &srcu4,
4321 					&srcu5, &srcu6, &srcu7, &srcu8, &srcu9 };
4322 	int testtype;
4323 
4324 	if (!test_srcu_lockdep)
4325 		return;
4326 
4327 	deadlock = test_srcu_lockdep / 1000;
4328 	testtype = (test_srcu_lockdep / 10) % 100;
4329 	cyclelen = test_srcu_lockdep % 10;
4330 	WARN_ON_ONCE(ARRAY_SIZE(muts) != ARRAY_SIZE(srcus));
4331 	if (WARN_ONCE(deadlock != !!deadlock,
4332 		      "%s: test_srcu_lockdep=%d and deadlock digit %d must be zero or one.\n",
4333 		      __func__, test_srcu_lockdep, deadlock))
4334 		err = true;
4335 	if (WARN_ONCE(cyclelen <= 0,
4336 		      "%s: test_srcu_lockdep=%d and cycle-length digit %d must be greater than zero.\n",
4337 		      __func__, test_srcu_lockdep, cyclelen))
4338 		err = true;
4339 	if (err)
4340 		goto err_out;
4341 
4342 	if (testtype == 0) {
4343 		pr_info("%s: test_srcu_lockdep = %05d: SRCU %d-way %sdeadlock.\n",
4344 			__func__, test_srcu_lockdep, cyclelen, deadlock ? "" : "non-");
4345 		if (deadlock && cyclelen == 1)
4346 			pr_info("%s: Expect hang.\n", __func__);
4347 		for (i = 0; i < cyclelen; i++) {
4348 			j = srcu_lockdep_next(__func__, "srcu_read_lock", "synchronize_srcu",
4349 					      "srcu_read_unlock", i, cyclelen, deadlock);
4350 			idx = srcu_read_lock(srcus[i]);
4351 			if (j >= 0)
4352 				synchronize_srcu(srcus[j]);
4353 			srcu_read_unlock(srcus[i], idx);
4354 		}
4355 		return;
4356 	}
4357 
4358 	if (testtype == 1) {
4359 		pr_info("%s: test_srcu_lockdep = %05d: SRCU/mutex %d-way %sdeadlock.\n",
4360 			__func__, test_srcu_lockdep, cyclelen, deadlock ? "" : "non-");
4361 		for (i = 0; i < cyclelen; i++) {
4362 			pr_info("%s: srcu_read_lock(%d), mutex_lock(%d), mutex_unlock(%d), srcu_read_unlock(%d)\n",
4363 				__func__, i, i, i, i);
4364 			idx = srcu_read_lock(srcus[i]);
4365 			mutex_lock(muts[i]);
4366 			mutex_unlock(muts[i]);
4367 			srcu_read_unlock(srcus[i], idx);
4368 
4369 			j = srcu_lockdep_next(__func__, "mutex_lock", "synchronize_srcu",
4370 					      "mutex_unlock", i, cyclelen, deadlock);
4371 			mutex_lock(muts[i]);
4372 			if (j >= 0)
4373 				synchronize_srcu(srcus[j]);
4374 			mutex_unlock(muts[i]);
4375 		}
4376 		return;
4377 	}
4378 
4379 	if (testtype == 2) {
4380 		pr_info("%s: test_srcu_lockdep = %05d: SRCU/rwsem %d-way %sdeadlock.\n",
4381 			__func__, test_srcu_lockdep, cyclelen, deadlock ? "" : "non-");
4382 		for (i = 0; i < cyclelen; i++) {
4383 			pr_info("%s: srcu_read_lock(%d), down_read(%d), up_read(%d), srcu_read_unlock(%d)\n",
4384 				__func__, i, i, i, i);
4385 			idx = srcu_read_lock(srcus[i]);
4386 			down_read(rwsems[i]);
4387 			up_read(rwsems[i]);
4388 			srcu_read_unlock(srcus[i], idx);
4389 
4390 			j = srcu_lockdep_next(__func__, "down_write", "synchronize_srcu",
4391 					      "up_write", i, cyclelen, deadlock);
4392 			down_write(rwsems[i]);
4393 			if (j >= 0)
4394 				synchronize_srcu(srcus[j]);
4395 			up_write(rwsems[i]);
4396 		}
4397 		return;
4398 	}
4399 
4400 #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_TRACE_RCU
4401 	if (testtype == 3) {
4402 		pr_info("%s: test_srcu_lockdep = %05d: SRCU and Tasks Trace RCU %d-way %sdeadlock.\n",
4403 			__func__, test_srcu_lockdep, cyclelen, deadlock ? "" : "non-");
4404 		if (deadlock && cyclelen == 1)
4405 			pr_info("%s: Expect hang.\n", __func__);
4406 		for (i = 0; i < cyclelen; i++) {
4407 			char *fl = i == 0 ? "rcu_read_lock_trace" : "srcu_read_lock";
4408 			char *fs = i == cyclelen - 1 ? "synchronize_rcu_tasks_trace"
4409 						     : "synchronize_srcu";
4410 			char *fu = i == 0 ? "rcu_read_unlock_trace" : "srcu_read_unlock";
4411 
4412 			j = srcu_lockdep_next(__func__, fl, fs, fu, i, cyclelen, deadlock);
4413 			if (i == 0)
4414 				rcu_read_lock_trace();
4415 			else
4416 				idx = srcu_read_lock(srcus[i]);
4417 			if (j >= 0) {
4418 				if (i == cyclelen - 1)
4419 					synchronize_rcu_tasks_trace();
4420 				else
4421 					synchronize_srcu(srcus[j]);
4422 			}
4423 			if (i == 0)
4424 				rcu_read_unlock_trace();
4425 			else
4426 				srcu_read_unlock(srcus[i], idx);
4427 		}
4428 		return;
4429 	}
4430 #endif // #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_TRACE_RCU
4431 
4432 err_out:
4433 	pr_info("%s: test_srcu_lockdep = %05d does nothing.\n", __func__, test_srcu_lockdep);
4434 	pr_info("%s: test_srcu_lockdep = DNNL.\n", __func__);
4435 	pr_info("%s: D: Deadlock if nonzero.\n", __func__);
4436 	pr_info("%s: NN: Test number, 0=SRCU, 1=SRCU/mutex, 2=SRCU/rwsem, 3=SRCU/Tasks Trace RCU.\n", __func__);
4437 	pr_info("%s: L: Cycle length.\n", __func__);
4438 	if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_TASKS_TRACE_RCU))
4439 		pr_info("%s: NN=3 disallowed because kernel is built with CONFIG_TASKS_TRACE_RCU=n\n", __func__);
4440 }
4441 
4442 static int __init
4443 rcu_torture_init(void)
4444 {
4445 	long i;
4446 	int cpu;
4447 	int firsterr = 0;
4448 	int flags = 0;
4449 	unsigned long gp_seq = 0;
4450 	static struct rcu_torture_ops *torture_ops[] = {
4451 		&rcu_ops, &rcu_busted_ops, &srcu_ops, &srcud_ops, &busted_srcud_ops,
4452 		TASKS_OPS TASKS_RUDE_OPS TASKS_TRACING_OPS
4453 		&trivial_ops,
4454 	};
4455 
4456 	if (!torture_init_begin(torture_type, verbose))
4457 		return -EBUSY;
4458 
4459 	/* Process args and tell the world that the torturer is on the job. */
4460 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(torture_ops); i++) {
4461 		cur_ops = torture_ops[i];
4462 		if (strcmp(torture_type, cur_ops->name) == 0)
4463 			break;
4464 	}
4465 	if (i == ARRAY_SIZE(torture_ops)) {
4466 		pr_alert("rcu-torture: invalid torture type: \"%s\"\n",
4467 			 torture_type);
4468 		pr_alert("rcu-torture types:");
4469 		for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(torture_ops); i++)
4470 			pr_cont(" %s", torture_ops[i]->name);
4471 		pr_cont("\n");
4472 		firsterr = -EINVAL;
4473 		cur_ops = NULL;
4474 		goto unwind;
4475 	}
4476 	if (cur_ops->fqs == NULL && fqs_duration != 0) {
4477 		pr_alert("rcu-torture: ->fqs NULL and non-zero fqs_duration, fqs disabled.\n");
4478 		fqs_duration = 0;
4479 	}
4480 	if (nocbs_nthreads != 0 && (cur_ops != &rcu_ops ||
4481 				    !IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RCU_NOCB_CPU))) {
4482 		pr_alert("rcu-torture types: %s and CONFIG_RCU_NOCB_CPU=%d, nocb toggle disabled.\n",
4483 			 cur_ops->name, IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RCU_NOCB_CPU));
4484 		nocbs_nthreads = 0;
4485 	}
4486 	if (cur_ops->init)
4487 		cur_ops->init();
4488 
4489 	rcu_torture_init_srcu_lockdep();
4490 
4491 	if (nfakewriters >= 0) {
4492 		nrealfakewriters = nfakewriters;
4493 	} else {
4494 		nrealfakewriters = num_online_cpus() - 2 - nfakewriters;
4495 		if (nrealfakewriters <= 0)
4496 			nrealfakewriters = 1;
4497 	}
4498 
4499 	if (nreaders >= 0) {
4500 		nrealreaders = nreaders;
4501 	} else {
4502 		nrealreaders = num_online_cpus() - 2 - nreaders;
4503 		if (nrealreaders <= 0)
4504 			nrealreaders = 1;
4505 	}
4506 	rcu_torture_print_module_parms(cur_ops, "Start of test");
4507 	if (cur_ops->get_gp_data)
4508 		cur_ops->get_gp_data(&flags, &gp_seq);
4509 	start_gp_seq = gp_seq;
4510 	pr_alert("%s:  Start-test grace-period state: g%ld f%#x\n",
4511 		 cur_ops->name, (long)gp_seq, flags);
4512 
4513 	/* Set up the freelist. */
4514 
4515 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&rcu_torture_freelist);
4516 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(rcu_tortures); i++) {
4517 		rcu_tortures[i].rtort_mbtest = 0;
4518 		list_add_tail(&rcu_tortures[i].rtort_free,
4519 			      &rcu_torture_freelist);
4520 	}
4521 
4522 	/* Initialize the statistics so that each run gets its own numbers. */
4523 
4524 	rcu_torture_current = NULL;
4525 	rcu_torture_current_version = 0;
4526 	atomic_set(&n_rcu_torture_alloc, 0);
4527 	atomic_set(&n_rcu_torture_alloc_fail, 0);
4528 	atomic_set(&n_rcu_torture_free, 0);
4529 	atomic_set(&n_rcu_torture_mberror, 0);
4530 	atomic_set(&n_rcu_torture_mbchk_fail, 0);
4531 	atomic_set(&n_rcu_torture_mbchk_tries, 0);
4532 	atomic_set(&n_rcu_torture_error, 0);
4533 	n_rcu_torture_barrier_error = 0;
4534 	n_rcu_torture_boost_ktrerror = 0;
4535 	n_rcu_torture_boost_failure = 0;
4536 	n_rcu_torture_boosts = 0;
4537 	for (i = 0; i < RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1; i++)
4538 		atomic_set(&rcu_torture_wcount[i], 0);
4539 	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
4540 		for (i = 0; i < RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1; i++) {
4541 			per_cpu(rcu_torture_count, cpu)[i] = 0;
4542 			per_cpu(rcu_torture_batch, cpu)[i] = 0;
4543 		}
4544 	}
4545 	err_segs_recorded = 0;
4546 	rt_read_nsegs = 0;
4547 
4548 	/* Start up the kthreads. */
4549 
4550 	rcu_torture_write_types();
4551 	if (nrealfakewriters > 0) {
4552 		fakewriter_tasks = kcalloc(nrealfakewriters,
4553 					   sizeof(fakewriter_tasks[0]),
4554 					   GFP_KERNEL);
4555 		if (fakewriter_tasks == NULL) {
4556 			TOROUT_ERRSTRING("out of memory");
4557 			firsterr = -ENOMEM;
4558 			goto unwind;
4559 		}
4560 	}
4561 	for (i = 0; i < nrealfakewriters; i++) {
4562 		firsterr = torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_fakewriter,
4563 						  NULL, fakewriter_tasks[i]);
4564 		if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
4565 			goto unwind;
4566 	}
4567 	reader_tasks = kcalloc(nrealreaders, sizeof(reader_tasks[0]),
4568 			       GFP_KERNEL);
4569 	rcu_torture_reader_mbchk = kcalloc(nrealreaders, sizeof(*rcu_torture_reader_mbchk),
4570 					   GFP_KERNEL);
4571 	if (!reader_tasks || !rcu_torture_reader_mbchk) {
4572 		TOROUT_ERRSTRING("out of memory");
4573 		firsterr = -ENOMEM;
4574 		goto unwind;
4575 	}
4576 	for (i = 0; i < nrealreaders; i++) {
4577 		rcu_torture_reader_mbchk[i].rtc_chkrdr = -1;
4578 		firsterr = torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_reader, (void *)i,
4579 						  reader_tasks[i]);
4580 		if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
4581 			goto unwind;
4582 	}
4583 
4584 	firsterr = torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_writer, NULL,
4585 					  writer_task);
4586 	if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
4587 		goto unwind;
4588 
4589 	firsterr = rcu_torture_updown_init();
4590 	if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
4591 		goto unwind;
4592 	nrealnocbers = nocbs_nthreads;
4593 	if (WARN_ON(nrealnocbers < 0))
4594 		nrealnocbers = 1;
4595 	if (WARN_ON(nocbs_toggle < 0))
4596 		nocbs_toggle = HZ;
4597 	if (nrealnocbers > 0) {
4598 		nocb_tasks = kcalloc(nrealnocbers, sizeof(nocb_tasks[0]), GFP_KERNEL);
4599 		if (nocb_tasks == NULL) {
4600 			TOROUT_ERRSTRING("out of memory");
4601 			firsterr = -ENOMEM;
4602 			goto unwind;
4603 		}
4604 	} else {
4605 		nocb_tasks = NULL;
4606 	}
4607 	for (i = 0; i < nrealnocbers; i++) {
4608 		firsterr = torture_create_kthread(rcu_nocb_toggle, NULL, nocb_tasks[i]);
4609 		if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
4610 			goto unwind;
4611 	}
4612 	if (stat_interval > 0) {
4613 		firsterr = torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_stats, NULL,
4614 						  stats_task);
4615 		if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
4616 			goto unwind;
4617 	}
4618 	if (test_no_idle_hz && shuffle_interval > 0) {
4619 		firsterr = torture_shuffle_init(shuffle_interval * HZ);
4620 		if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
4621 			goto unwind;
4622 	}
4623 	if (stutter < 0)
4624 		stutter = 0;
4625 	if (stutter) {
4626 		int t;
4627 
4628 		t = cur_ops->stall_dur ? cur_ops->stall_dur() : stutter * HZ;
4629 		firsterr = torture_stutter_init(stutter * HZ, t);
4630 		if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
4631 			goto unwind;
4632 	}
4633 	if (fqs_duration < 0)
4634 		fqs_duration = 0;
4635 	if (fqs_holdoff < 0)
4636 		fqs_holdoff = 0;
4637 	if (fqs_duration && fqs_holdoff) {
4638 		/* Create the fqs thread */
4639 		firsterr = torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_fqs, NULL,
4640 						  fqs_task);
4641 		if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
4642 			goto unwind;
4643 	}
4644 	if (test_boost_interval < 1)
4645 		test_boost_interval = 1;
4646 	if (test_boost_duration < 2)
4647 		test_boost_duration = 2;
4648 	if (rcu_torture_can_boost()) {
4649 
4650 		boost_starttime = jiffies + test_boost_interval * HZ;
4651 
4652 		firsterr = cpuhp_setup_state(CPUHP_AP_ONLINE_DYN, "RCU_TORTURE",
4653 					     rcutorture_booster_init,
4654 					     rcutorture_booster_cleanup);
4655 		rcutor_hp = firsterr;
4656 		if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
4657 			goto unwind;
4658 	}
4659 	shutdown_jiffies = jiffies + shutdown_secs * HZ;
4660 	firsterr = torture_shutdown_init(shutdown_secs, rcu_torture_cleanup);
4661 	if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
4662 		goto unwind;
4663 	firsterr = torture_onoff_init(onoff_holdoff * HZ, onoff_interval,
4664 				      rcutorture_sync);
4665 	if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
4666 		goto unwind;
4667 	firsterr = rcu_torture_stall_init();
4668 	if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
4669 		goto unwind;
4670 	firsterr = rcu_torture_fwd_prog_init();
4671 	if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
4672 		goto unwind;
4673 	firsterr = rcu_torture_barrier_init();
4674 	if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
4675 		goto unwind;
4676 	firsterr = rcu_torture_read_exit_init();
4677 	if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
4678 		goto unwind;
4679 	if (preempt_duration > 0) {
4680 		firsterr = torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_preempt, NULL, preempt_task);
4681 		if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
4682 			goto unwind;
4683 	}
4684 	if (object_debug)
4685 		rcu_test_debug_objects();
4686 
4687 	if (cur_ops->gp_slow_register && !WARN_ON_ONCE(!cur_ops->gp_slow_unregister))
4688 		cur_ops->gp_slow_register(&rcu_fwd_cb_nodelay);
4689 
4690 	if (gpwrap_lag && cur_ops->set_gpwrap_lag) {
4691 		firsterr = rcu_gpwrap_lag_init();
4692 		if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
4693 			goto unwind;
4694 	}
4695 
4696 	torture_init_end();
4697 	return 0;
4698 
4699 unwind:
4700 	torture_init_end();
4701 	rcu_torture_cleanup();
4702 	if (shutdown_secs) {
4703 		WARN_ON(!IS_MODULE(CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST));
4704 		kernel_power_off();
4705 	}
4706 	return firsterr;
4707 }
4708 
4709 module_init(rcu_torture_init);
4710 module_exit(rcu_torture_cleanup);
4711