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1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
24 1.1 Process-Specific Subdirectories
36 3 Per-Process Parameters
37 3.1 /proc/<pid>/oom_adj & /proc/<pid>/oom_score_adj - Adjust the oom-killer
39 3.2 /proc/<pid>/oom_score - Display current oom-killer score
40 3.3 /proc/<pid>/io - Display the IO accounting fields
41 3.4 /proc/<pid>/coredump_filter - Core dump filtering settings
42 3.5 /proc/<pid>/mountinfo - Information about mounts
44 3.7 /proc/<pid>/task/<tid>/children - Information about task children
45 3.8 /proc/<pid>/fdinfo/<fd> - Information about opened file
46 3.9 /proc/<pid>/map_files - Information about memory mapped files
47 3.10 /proc/<pid>/timerslack_ns - Task timerslack value
48 3.11 /proc/<pid>/patch_state - Livepatch patch operation state
49 3.12 /proc/<pid>/arch_status - Task architecture specific information
50 3.13 /proc/<pid>/fd - List of symlinks to open files
61 ------------------------
69 we know, it is the first 'all-in-one' document about the /proc file system. It
72 It also only covers IPv4 networking, not IPv6 nor other protocols - sorry. But
91 mailing list at linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org and/or try to reach me at
95 ---------------
105 ---------------
112 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
118 First, we'll take a look at the read-only parts of /proc. In Chapter 2, we
121 1.1 Process-Specific Subdirectories
122 -----------------------------------
128 subdirectory has the entries listed in Table 1-1.
138 .. table:: Table 1-1: Process specific entries in /proc
157 symbol the task is blocked in - or "0" if not blocked.
222 file /proc/PID/status. It fields are described in table 1-2.
225 memory usage. Its seven fields are explained in Table 1-3. The stat file
227 explained in Table 1-4.
236 .. table:: Table 1-2: Contents of the status fields (as of 4.19)
310 .. table:: Table 1-3: Contents of the statm fields (as of 2.6.8-rc3)
328 .. table:: Table 1-4: Contents of the stat fields (as of 2.6.30-rc7)
397 08048000-08049000 r-xp 00000000 03:00 8312 /opt/test
398 08049000-0804a000 rw-p 00001000 03:00 8312 /opt/test
399 0804a000-0806b000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 [heap]
400 a7cb1000-a7cb2000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0
401 a7cb2000-a7eb2000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
402 a7eb2000-a7eb3000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0
403 a7eb3000-a7ed5000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
404 a7ed5000-a8008000 r-xp 00000000 03:00 4222 /lib/libc.so.6
405 a8008000-a800a000 r--p 00133000 03:00 4222 /lib/libc.so.6
406 a800a000-a800b000 rw-p 00135000 03:00 4222 /lib/libc.so.6
407 a800b000-a800e000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
408 a800e000-a8022000 r-xp 00000000 03:00 14462 /lib/libpthread.so.0
409 a8022000-a8023000 r--p 00013000 03:00 14462 /lib/libpthread.so.0
410 a8023000-a8024000 rw-p 00014000 03:00 14462 /lib/libpthread.so.0
411 a8024000-a8027000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
412 a8027000-a8043000 r-xp 00000000 03:00 8317 /lib/ld-linux.so.2
413 a8043000-a8044000 r--p 0001b000 03:00 8317 /lib/ld-linux.so.2
414 a8044000-a8045000 rw-p 0001c000 03:00 8317 /lib/ld-linux.so.2
415 aff35000-aff4a000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 [stack]
416 ffffe000-fffff000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0 [vdso]
447 ioctl()-based API that gives ability to flexibly and efficiently query and
459 08048000-080bc000 r-xp 00000000 03:02 13130 /bin/bash
514 "KSM" reports how many of the pages are KSM pages. Note that KSM-placed zeropages
532 "Swap" shows how much would-be-anonymous memory is also used, but out on swap.
535 replaced by copy-on-write) part of the underlying shmem object out on swap.
581 uw userfaultfd wr-protect tracking
588 be vanished or the reverse -- new added. Interpretation of their meaning
611 - Pss_Anon
612 - Pss_File
613 - Pss_Shmem
623 soft-dirty bit on pte (see Documentation/admin-guide/mm/soft-dirty.rst
637 To clear the soft-dirty bit::
651 Documentation/admin-guide/mm/pagemap.rst.
662 3206000000 default file=/lib64/ld-2.12.so mapped=26 mapmax=6 N0=24 N3=2 kernelpagesize_kB=4
663 320621f000 default file=/lib64/ld-2.12.so anon=1 dirty=1 N3=1 kernelpagesize_kB=4
664 3206220000 default file=/lib64/ld-2.12.so anon=1 dirty=1 N3=1 kernelpagesize_kB=4
666 …3206800000 default file=/lib64/libc-2.12.so mapped=59 mapmax=21 active=55 N0=41 N3=18 kernelpagesi…
667 320698b000 default file=/lib64/libc-2.12.so
668 3206b8a000 default file=/lib64/libc-2.12.so anon=2 dirty=2 N3=2 kernelpagesize_kB=4
669 3206b8e000 default file=/lib64/libc-2.12.so anon=1 dirty=1 N3=1 kernelpagesize_kB=4
681 "policy" reports the NUMA memory policy set for the mapping (see Documentation/admin-guide/mm/numa_…
688 ---------------
692 /proc and are listed in Table 1-5. Not all of these will be present in your
696 .. table:: Table 1-5: Kernel info in /proc
745 pci Deprecated info of PCI bus (new way -> /proc/bus/pci/,
767 0: 8728810 XT-PIC timer
768 1: 895 XT-PIC keyboard
769 2: 0 XT-PIC cascade
770 3: 531695 XT-PIC aha152x
771 4: 2014133 XT-PIC serial
772 5: 44401 XT-PIC pcnet_cs
773 8: 2 XT-PIC rtc
774 11: 8 XT-PIC i82365
775 12: 182918 XT-PIC PS/2 Mouse
776 13: 1 XT-PIC fpu
777 14: 1232265 XT-PIC ide0
778 15: 7 XT-PIC ide1
787 0: 1243498 1214548 IO-APIC-edge timer
788 1: 8949 8958 IO-APIC-edge keyboard
789 2: 0 0 XT-PIC cascade
790 5: 11286 10161 IO-APIC-edge soundblaster
791 8: 1 0 IO-APIC-edge rtc
792 9: 27422 27407 IO-APIC-edge 3c503
793 12: 113645 113873 IO-APIC-edge PS/2 Mouse
794 13: 0 0 XT-PIC fpu
795 14: 22491 24012 IO-APIC-edge ide0
796 15: 2183 2415 IO-APIC-edge ide1
797 17: 30564 30414 IO-APIC-level eth0
798 18: 177 164 IO-APIC-level bttv
808 ERR is incremented in the case of errors in the IO-APIC bus (the bus that
810 the IO-APIC automatically retry the transmission, so it should not be a big
811 problem, but you should read the SMP-FAQ.
876 1024-1031
878 The default_smp_affinity mask applies to all non-active IRQs, which are the
880 /proc/irq/[0-9]* directory.
889 The way IRQs are routed is handled by the IO-APIC, and it's Round Robin
892 best choice for almost everyone. [Note this applies only to those IO-APIC's
950 X86-64. By keeping pages grouped based on their ability to move, the kernel
951 can reclaim pages within a page block to satisfy a high-order allocation.
955 by migrate-type and finishes with details on how many page blocks of each
981 > tail -n +3 /proc/allocinfo | sort -rn
986 13377536 234 block/blk-mq.c:3421 func:blk_mq_alloc_rqs
992 2894464 22613 fs/kernfs/dir.c:615 func:__kernfs_new_node
1089 In-memory cache for files read from the disk (the
1109 Highmem is all memory above ~860MB of physical memory.
1133 Non-file backed pages mapped into userspace page tables
1143 in-kernel data structures cache
1171 CommitLimit = ([total RAM pages] - [total huge TLB pages]) *
1179 in mm/overcommit-accounting.
1214 Non-file backed huge pages mapped into userspace page tables
1230 See Documentation/admin-guide/mm/hugetlbpage.rst.
1258 0xffffc20000000000-0xffffc20000201000 2101248 alloc_large_system_hash+0x204 ...
1260 0xffffc20000201000-0xffffc20000302000 1052672 alloc_large_system_hash+0x204 ...
1262 0xffffc20000302000-0xffffc20000304000 8192 acpi_tb_verify_table+0x21/0x4f...
1264 0xffffc20000304000-0xffffc20000307000 12288 acpi_tb_verify_table+0x21/0x4f...
1266 0xffffc2000031d000-0xffffc2000031f000 8192 init_vdso_vars+0x112/0x210
1267 0xffffc2000031f000-0xffffc2000032b000 49152 cramfs_uncompress_init+0x2e ...
1269 0xffffc2000033a000-0xffffc2000033d000 12288 sys_swapon+0x640/0xac0 ...
1271 0xffffc20000347000-0xffffc2000034c000 20480 xt_alloc_table_info+0xfe ...
1273 0xffffffffa0000000-0xffffffffa000f000 61440 sys_init_module+0xc27/0x1d00 ...
1275 0xffffffffa000f000-0xffffffffa0014000 20480 sys_init_module+0xc27/0x1d00 ...
1277 0xffffffffa0014000-0xffffffffa0017000 12288 sys_init_module+0xc27/0x1d00 ...
1279 0xffffffffa0017000-0xffffffffa0022000 45056 sys_init_module+0xc27/0x1d00 ...
1303 --------------------------------
1305 The subdirectory /proc/net follows the usual pattern. Table 1-8 shows the
1307 support this. Table 1-9 lists the files and their meaning.
1310 .. table:: Table 1-8: IPv6 info in /proc/net
1326 .. table:: Table 1-9: Network info in /proc/net
1348 softnet_stat Per-CPU incoming packets queues statistics of online CPUs
1364 Inter-|Receive |[...
1383 -------------
1393 Type: Direct-Access ANSI SCSI revision: 03
1395 Vendor: PIONEER Model: CD-ROM DR-U06S Rev: 1.04
1396 Type: CD-ROM ANSI SCSI revision: 02
1403 AHA-2940 SCSI adapter::
1413 SCSI Adapter: Adaptec AHA-294X Ultra SCSI host adapter
1446 ---------------------------------------
1452 These directories contain the four files shown in Table 1-10.
1455 .. table:: Table 1-10: Files in /proc/parport
1460 autoprobe Any IEEE-1284 device ID information that has been acquired.
1471 -------------------------
1475 this directory, as shown in Table 1-11.
1478 .. table:: Table 1-11: Files in /proc/tty
1492 pty_slave /dev/pts 136 0-255 pty:slave
1493 pty_master /dev/ptm 128 0-255 pty:master
1494 pty_slave /dev/ttyp 3 0-255 pty:slave
1495 pty_master /dev/pty 2 0-255 pty:master
1496 serial /dev/cua 5 64-67 serial:callout
1497 serial /dev/ttyS 4 64-67 serial
1502 unknown /dev/tty 4 1-63 console
1506 -------------------------------------------------
1531 - user: normal processes executing in user mode
1532 - nice: niced processes executing in user mode
1533 - system: processes executing in kernel mode
1534 - idle: twiddling thumbs
1535 - iowait: In a word, iowait stands for waiting for I/O to complete. But there
1541 2. In a multi-core CPU, the task waiting for I/O to complete is not running
1547 - irq: servicing interrupts
1548 - softirq: servicing softirqs
1549 - steal: involuntary wait
1550 - guest: running a normal guest
1551 - guest_nice: running a niced guest
1581 -------------------------------
1586 /proc/fs/ext4/sda9 or /proc/fs/ext4/dm-0). The files in each per-device
1587 directory are shown in Table 1-12, below.
1589 .. table:: Table 1-12: Files in /proc/fs/ext4/<devname>
1597 -------------------
1604 tty0 -WU (ECp) 4:7
1605 ttyS0 -W- (Ep) 4:64
1609 +--------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
1615 +--------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
1622 +--------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
1625 +--------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
1628 -------
1641 ---------------
1647 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1671 Please see: Documentation/admin-guide/sysctl/ directory for descriptions of
1675 -------
1684 Chapter 3: Per-process Parameters
1687 3.1 /proc/<pid>/oom_adj & /proc/<pid>/oom_score_adj- Adjust the oom-killer score
1688 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1710 is used to determine which task to kill. Acceptable values range from -1000
1713 task or completely disabling it. The lowest possible value, -1000, is
1721 50% more memory. A value of -500, on the other hand, would be roughly
1726 be used to tune the badness score. Its acceptable values range from -16
1727 (OOM_ADJUST_MIN) to +15 (OOM_ADJUST_MAX) and a special value of -17
1736 3.2 /proc/<pid>/oom_score - Display current oom-killer score
1737 -------------------------------------------------------------
1739 This file can be used to check the current score used by the oom-killer for
1741 process should be killed in an out-of-memory situation.
1747 3.3 /proc/<pid>/io - Display the IO accounting fields
1748 -------------------------------------------------------
1814 accurate for block-backed filesystems. <please add status regarding NFS and
1823 the storage layer. This is done at page-dirtying time.
1842 At its current implementation state, this is a bit racy on 32-bit machines:
1844 of those 64-bit counters, process A could see an intermediate result.
1850 3.4 /proc/<pid>/coredump_filter - Core dump filtering settings
1851 ---------------------------------------------------------------
1855 Conversely, sometimes we want to save file-backed memory segments into a core
1865 - (bit 0) anonymous private memory
1866 - (bit 1) anonymous shared memory
1867 - (bit 2) file-backed private memory
1868 - (bit 3) file-backed shared memory
1869 - (bit 4) ELF header pages in file-backed private memory areas (it is
1871 - (bit 5) hugetlb private memory
1872 - (bit 6) hugetlb shared memory
1873 - (bit 7) DAX private memory
1874 - (bit 8) DAX shared memory
1879 Note that bits 0-4 don't affect hugetlb or DAX memory. hugetlb memory is
1880 only affected by bit 5-6, and DAX is only affected by bits 7-8.
1897 3.5 /proc/<pid>/mountinfo - Information about mounts
1898 --------------------------------------------------------
1902 36 35 98:0 /mnt1 /mnt2 rw,noatime master:1 - ext3 /dev/root rw,errors=continue
1938 --------------------------------------------------------
1946 3.7 /proc/<pid>/task/<tid>/children - Information about task children
1947 -------------------------------------------------------------------------
1952 Note the "first level" here -- if a child has its own children they will
1953 not be listed here; one needs to read /proc/<children-pid>/task/<tid>/children
1963 3.8 /proc/<pid>/fdinfo/<fd> - Information about opened file
1964 ---------------------------------------------------------------
1966 files have at least four fields -- 'pos', 'flags', 'mnt_id' and 'ino'.
1997 eventfd-count: 5a
1999 where 'eventfd-count' is hex value of a counter.
2042 …inotify wd:3 ino:9e7e sdev:800013 mask:800afce ignored_mask:0 fhandle-bytes:8 fhandle-type:1 f_han…
2051 fields 'fhandle-bytes', 'fhandle-type' and 'f_handle', all in hex
2065 fanotify flags:10 event-flags:0
2067 …fanotify ino:4f969 sdev:800013 mflags:0 mask:3b ignored_mask:40000000 fhandle-bytes:8 fhandle-type…
2069 where fanotify 'flags' and 'event-flags' are values used in fanotify_init
2115 exp_name: system-heap
2120 3.9 /proc/<pid>/map_files - Information about memory mapped files
2121 ---------------------------------------------------------------------
2125 | lr-------- 1 root root 64 Jan 27 11:24 333c600000-333c620000 -> /usr/lib64/ld-2.18.so
2126 | lr-------- 1 root root 64 Jan 27 11:24 333c81f000-333c820000 -> /usr/lib64/ld-2.18.so
2127 | lr-------- 1 root root 64 Jan 27 11:24 333c820000-333c821000 -> /usr/lib64/ld-2.18.so
2129 | lr-------- 1 root root 64 Jan 27 11:24 35d0421000-35d0422000 -> /usr/lib64/libselinux.so.1
2130 | lr-------- 1 root root 64 Jan 27 11:24 400000-41a000 -> /usr/bin/ls
2133 vm_area_struct::vm_start-vm_area_struct::vm_end.
2142 3.10 /proc/<pid>/timerslack_ns - Task timerslack value
2143 ---------------------------------------------------------
2153 Valid values are from 0 - ULLONG_MAX
2158 3.11 /proc/<pid>/patch_state - Livepatch patch operation state
2159 -----------------------------------------------------------------
2163 A value of '-1' indicates that no patch is in transition.
2175 3.12 /proc/<pid>/arch_status - task architecture specific status
2176 -------------------------------------------------------------------
2216 A special value of '-1' indicates that no AVX512 usage was recorded, thus
2220 3.13 /proc/<pid>/fd - List of symlinks to open files
2221 -------------------------------------------------------
2225 lr-x------ 1 root root 64 Sep 20 17:53 0 -> /dev/null
2226 l-wx------ 1 root root 64 Sep 20 17:53 1 -> /dev/null
2227 lrwx------ 1 root root 64 Sep 20 17:53 10 -> 'socket:[12539]'
2228 lrwx------ 1 root root 64 Sep 20 17:53 11 -> 'socket:[12540]'
2229 lrwx------ 1 root root 64 Sep 20 17:53 12 -> 'socket:[12542]'
2233 -------------------------------------------------------
2240 ---------------------
2250 hidepid=off or hidepid=0 means classic mode - everybody may access all
2264 by "kill -0 $PID"), but it hides process' uid and gid, which may be learned by
2293 # strace -e mount mount -o hidepid=1 -t proc proc /tmp/proc
2304 # mount -o remount,hidepid=1 -t proc proc /tmp/proc
2317 # mount -o hidepid=invisible -t proc proc /proc
2318 # mount -o hidepid=noaccess -t proc proc /tmp/proc