License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine

License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.

By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.

Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.

This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.

How this work was done:

Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,

Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.

The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.

The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).

All documentation files were explicitly excluded.

The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.

- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.

For non */uapi/* files that summary was:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139

and resulted in the first patch in this series.

If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930

and resulted in the second patch in this series.

- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1

and that resulted in the third patch in this series.

- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).

- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.

- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).

- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.

In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.

Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.

In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.

Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct

This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.

These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.

Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

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Merge back ACPICA material for v4.13.

Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/master' into drm-misc-next-fixes

Backmerge 4.12-rc6 into -next-fixes. -next-fixes will contain find patches
for 4.13 merge window

Merge branches 'pm-cpufreq', 'pm-cpuidle' and 'pm-devfreq'

* pm-cpufreq:
cpufreq: conservative: Allow down_threshold to take values from 1 to 10
Revert "cpufreq: schedutil: Reduce frequencies sl

Merge branches 'pm-cpufreq', 'pm-cpuidle' and 'pm-devfreq'

* pm-cpufreq:
cpufreq: conservative: Allow down_threshold to take values from 1 to 10
Revert "cpufreq: schedutil: Reduce frequencies slower"

* pm-cpuidle:
cpuidle: dt: Add missing 'of_node_put()'

* pm-devfreq:
PM / devfreq: exynos-ppmu: Staticize event list
PM / devfreq: exynos-ppmu: Handle return value of clk_prepare_enable
PM / devfreq: exynos-nocp: Handle return value of clk_prepare_enable

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Merge tag 'v4.12-rc5' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux into fbdev-for-next

Linux 4.12-rc5

Merge tag 'v4.12-rc3' into for-linus

Merge with mainline to get acpi_dev_present() needed by patches to
axp20x-pek driver.

Merge tag 'v4.12-rc3' into next

Sync with mainline to bring in changes in platform drovers dropping
calls to sparse_keymap_free() so that we can remove it for good.

Sync to mainline for security submaintainers to work against

Merge remote-tracking branch 'airlied/drm-next' into drm-misc-next

Picking up drm-next @ 4.12-rc1 in order to apply Michal Hocko's vmalloc patch set

Signed-off-by: Sean Paul <seanpaul@chromium.org>

Merge 'v4.12-rc1' into MTD

Bring a few queued patches in sync for -next development.

Merge tag 'v4.12-rc1' into patchwork

Linux 4.12-rc1

* tag 'v4.12-rc1': (13212 commits)
Linux 4.12-rc1
mm, docs: update memory.stat description with workingset* entries
mm: vmscan: scan until

Merge tag 'v4.12-rc1' into patchwork

Linux 4.12-rc1

* tag 'v4.12-rc1': (13212 commits)
Linux 4.12-rc1
mm, docs: update memory.stat description with workingset* entries
mm: vmscan: scan until it finds eligible pages
mm, thp: copying user pages must schedule on collapse
dax: fix PMD data corruption when fault races with write
dax: fix data corruption when fault races with write
ext4: return to starting transaction in ext4_dax_huge_fault()
mm: fix data corruption due to stale mmap reads
dax: prevent invalidation of mapped DAX entries
Tigran has moved
mm, vmalloc: fix vmalloc users tracking properly
mm/khugepaged: add missed tracepoint for collapse_huge_page_swapin
gcov: support GCC 7.1
mm, vmstat: Remove spurious WARN() during zoneinfo print
time: delete current_fs_time()
hwpoison, memcg: forcibly uncharge LRU pages
sound: Disable the build of OSS drivers
drm/i915: Make vblank evade warnings optional
Input: cros_ec_keyb - remove extraneous 'const'
drm/nouveau/therm: remove ineffective workarounds for alarm bugs
...

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Merge tag 'char-misc-4.12-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/char-misc

Pull char/misc driver updates from Greg KH:
"Here is the big set of new char/misc driver drivers and

Merge tag 'char-misc-4.12-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/char-misc

Pull char/misc driver updates from Greg KH:
"Here is the big set of new char/misc driver drivers and features for
4.12-rc1.

There's lots of new drivers added this time around, new firmware
drivers from Google, more auxdisplay drivers, extcon drivers, fpga
drivers, and a bunch of other driver updates. Nothing major, except if
you happen to have the hardware for these drivers, and then you will
be happy :)

All of these have been in linux-next for a while with no reported
issues"

* tag 'char-misc-4.12-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/char-misc: (136 commits)
firmware: google memconsole: Fix return value check in platform_memconsole_init()
firmware: Google VPD: Fix return value check in vpd_platform_init()
goldfish_pipe: fix build warning about using too much stack.
goldfish_pipe: An implementation of more parallel pipe
fpga fr br: update supported version numbers
fpga: region: release FPGA region reference in error path
fpga altera-hps2fpga: disable/unprepare clock on error in alt_fpga_bridge_probe()
mei: drop the TODO from samples
firmware: Google VPD sysfs driver
firmware: Google VPD: import lib_vpd source files
misc: lkdtm: Add volatile to intentional NULL pointer reference
eeprom: idt_89hpesx: Add OF device ID table
misc: ds1682: Add OF device ID table
misc: tsl2550: Add OF device ID table
w1: Remove unneeded use of assert() and remove w1_log.h
w1: Use kernel common min() implementation
uio_mf624: Align memory regions to page size and set correct offsets
uio_mf624: Refactor memory info initialization
uio: Allow handling of non page-aligned memory regions
hangcheck-timer: Fix typo in comment
...

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ver_linux: Use /usr/bin/awk instead of /bin/awk

Most Linux distributions contain awk in /usr/bin by default,
not in /bin. This script's suggested use is for creating version
information for bug repo

ver_linux: Use /usr/bin/awk instead of /bin/awk

Most Linux distributions contain awk in /usr/bin by default,
not in /bin. This script's suggested use is for creating version
information for bug reporting.

This has been tested on a number of different distributions,
including Fedora, Ubuntu, OpenSUSE, Debian, Centos, Arch Linuxi,
and Poky!

Signed-off-by: Saul Wold <sgw@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Alexander Kapshuk <alexander.kapshuk@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Mark Gross <mgross@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

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Merge tag 'v4.10-rc5' into next

Sync up with mainline to bring up improvements in various subsystems.

Merge tag 'v4.10-rc5' into for-linus

Sync up with mainline to apply fixup to a commit that came through
power supply tree.

Merge branch 'topic/error' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/broonie/regulator into regulator-fixed

Merge back earlier cpufreq material for v4.10.

Merge remote-tracking branch 'airlied/drm-next' into topic/drm-misc

Backmerge latest drm-next to have a baseline for the
s/fence/dma_fence/ patch from Chris.

Signed-off-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.ve

Merge remote-tracking branch 'airlied/drm-next' into topic/drm-misc

Backmerge latest drm-next to have a baseline for the
s/fence/dma_fence/ patch from Chris.

Signed-off-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@intel.com>

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Merge remote-tracking branch 'airlied/drm-next' into drm-intel-next-queued

Backmerge because Chris Wilson needs the very latest&greates of
Gustavo Padovan's sync_file work, specifically the refcount

Merge remote-tracking branch 'airlied/drm-next' into drm-intel-next-queued

Backmerge because Chris Wilson needs the very latest&greates of
Gustavo Padovan's sync_file work, specifically the refcounting changes
from:

commit 30cd85dd6edc86ea8d8589efb813f1fad41ef233
Author: Gustavo Padovan <gustavo.padovan@collabora.co.uk>
Date: Wed Oct 19 15:48:32 2016 -0200

dma-buf/sync_file: hold reference to fence when creating sync_file

Also good to sync in general since git tends to get confused with the
cherry-picking going on.

Signed-off-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@intel.com>

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Merge tag 'v4.9-rc1' into patchwork

Linux 4.9-rc1

* tag 'v4.9-rc1': (13774 commits)
Linux 4.9-rc1
score: traps: Add missing include file to fix build error
fs/super.c: don't fool lockdep in f

Merge tag 'v4.9-rc1' into patchwork

Linux 4.9-rc1

* tag 'v4.9-rc1': (13774 commits)
Linux 4.9-rc1
score: traps: Add missing include file to fix build error
fs/super.c: don't fool lockdep in freeze_super() and thaw_super() paths
fs/super.c: fix race between freeze_super() and thaw_super()
overlayfs: Fix setting IOP_XATTR flag
iov_iter: kernel-doc import_iovec() and rw_copy_check_uvector()
CIFS: Retrieve uid and gid from special sid if enabled
CIFS: Add new mount option to set owner uid and gid from special sids in acl
qedr: Add events support and register IB device
qedr: Add GSI support
qedr: Add LL2 RoCE interface
qedr: Add support for data path
qedr: Add support for memory registeration verbs
qedr: Add support for QP verbs
qedr: Add support for PD,PKEY and CQ verbs
qedr: Add support for user context verbs
qedr: Add support for RoCE HW init
qedr: Add RoCE driver framework
pkeys: Remove easily triggered WARN
MIPS: Wire up new pkey_{mprotect,alloc,free} syscalls
...

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Merge tag 'v4.9-rc1' into x86/fpu, to resolve conflict

Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Merge tag 'v4.9-rc3' into xtensa-for-next

Linux 4.9-rc3

Merge branches 'pm-cpufreq-fixes' and 'pm-sleep-fixes'

* pm-cpufreq-fixes:
cpufreq: intel_pstate: Always set max P-state in performance mode
cpufreq: intel_pstate: Set P-state upfront in perform

Merge branches 'pm-cpufreq-fixes' and 'pm-sleep-fixes'

* pm-cpufreq-fixes:
cpufreq: intel_pstate: Always set max P-state in performance mode
cpufreq: intel_pstate: Set P-state upfront in performance mode

* pm-sleep-fixes:
PM / suspend: Fix missing KERN_CONT for suspend message

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Merge tag 'v4.9-rc1' into x86/urgent, to pick up updates

Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Merge tag 'char-misc-4.9-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/char-misc

Pull char/misc driver updates from Greg KH:
"Here's the "big" char and misc driver update for 4.9-rc1

Merge tag 'char-misc-4.9-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/char-misc

Pull char/misc driver updates from Greg KH:
"Here's the "big" char and misc driver update for 4.9-rc1.

Lots of little things here, all over the driver tree for subsystems
that flow through me. Nothing major that I can discern, full details
are in the shortlog.

All have been in the linux-next tree with no reported issues"

* tag 'char-misc-4.9-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/char-misc: (144 commits)
drivers/misc/hpilo: Changes to support new security states in iLO5 FW
at25: fix debug and error messaging
misc/genwqe: ensure zero initialization
vme: fake: remove unexpected unlock in fake_master_set()
vme: fake: mark symbols static where possible
spmi: pmic-arb: Return an error code if sanity check fails
Drivers: hv: get rid of id in struct vmbus_channel
Drivers: hv: make VMBus bus ids persistent
mcb: Add a dma_device to mcb_device
mcb: Enable PCI bus mastering by default
mei: stop the stall timer worker if not needed
clk: probe common clock drivers earlier
vme: fake: fix build for 64-bit dma_addr_t
ttyprintk: Neaten and simplify printing
mei: me: add kaby point device ids
coresight: tmc: mark symbols static where possible
coresight: perf: deal with error condition properly
Drivers: hv: hv_util: Avoid dynamic allocation in time synch
fpga manager: Add hardware dependency to Zynq driver
Drivers: hv: utils: Support TimeSync version 4.0 protocol samples.
...

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