kbuild: use more portable 'command -v' for cc-cross-prefix

To print the pathname that will be used by shell in the current
environment, 'command -v' is a standardized way. [1]

'which' is also often

kbuild: use more portable 'command -v' for cc-cross-prefix

To print the pathname that will be used by shell in the current
environment, 'command -v' is a standardized way. [1]

'which' is also often used in scripts, but it is less portable.

When I worked on commit bd55f96fa9fc ("kbuild: refactor cc-cross-prefix
implementation"), I was eager to use 'command -v' but it did not work.
(The reason is explained below.)

I kept 'which' as before but got rid of '> /dev/null 2>&1' as I
thought it was no longer needed. Sorry, I was wrong.

It works well on my Ubuntu machine, but Alexey Brodkin reports noisy
warnings on CentOS7 when 'which' fails to find the given command in
the PATH environment.

$ which foo
which: no foo in (/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin)

Given that behavior of 'which' depends on system (and it may not be
installed by default), I want to try 'command -v' once again.

The specification [1] clearly describes the behavior of 'command -v'
when the given command is not found:

Otherwise, no output shall be written and the exit status shall reflect
that the name was not found.

However, we need a little magic to use 'command -v' from Make.

$(shell ...) passes the argument to a subshell for execution, and
returns the standard output of the command.

Here is a trick. GNU Make may optimize this by executing the command
directly instead of forking a subshell, if no shell special characters
are found in the command and omitting the subshell will not change the
behavior.

In this case, no shell special character is used. So, Make will try
to run it directly. However, 'command' is a shell-builtin command,
then Make would fail to find it in the PATH environment:

$ make ARCH=m68k defconfig
make: command: Command not found
make: command: Command not found
make: command: Command not found

In fact, Make has a table of shell-builtin commands because it must
ask the shell to execute them.

Until recently, 'command' was missing in the table.

This issue was fixed by the following commit:

| commit 1af314465e5dfe3e8baa839a32a72e83c04f26ef
| Author: Paul Smith <psmith@gnu.org>
| Date: Sun Nov 12 18:10:28 2017 -0500
|
| * job.c: Add "command" as a known shell built-in.
|
| This is not a POSIX shell built-in but it's common in UNIX shells.
| Reported by Nick Bowler <nbowler@draconx.ca>.

Because the latest release is GNU Make 4.2.1 in 2016, this commit is
not included in any released versions. (But some distributions may
have back-ported it.)

We need to trick Make to spawn a subshell. There are various ways to
do so:

1) Use a shell special character '~' as dummy

$(shell : ~; command -v $(c)gcc)

2) Use a variable reference that always expands to the empty string
(suggested by David Laight)

$(shell command$${x:+} -v $(c)gcc)

3) Use redirect

$(shell command -v $(c)gcc 2>/dev/null)

I chose 3) to not confuse people. The stderr would not be polluted
anyway, but it will provide extra safety, and is easy to understand.

Tested on Make 3.81, 3.82, 4.0, 4.1, 4.2, 4.2.1

[1] http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/command.html

Fixes: bd55f96fa9fc ("kbuild: refactor cc-cross-prefix implementation")
Cc: linux-stable <stable@vger.kernel.org> # 5.1
Reported-by: Alexey Brodkin <abrodkin@synopsys.com>
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Tested-by: Alexey Brodkin <abrodkin@synopsys.com>

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Merge 5.2-rc3 into tty-next

We want the tty/serial fixes in here as well.

Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

Merge tag 'v5.2-rc3' into x86/vt-d

Linux 5.2-rc3

Merge tag 'v5.2-rc3' into perf/core, to pick up fixes

Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Merge tag 'v5.2-rc3' into locking/core, to pick up fixes

Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Merge 5.2-rc3 into staging-next

We need the staging fixes in here as well.

Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

Merge 5.2-rc3 into usb-next

we want the USB fixes in here as well.

Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

Merge branch 'master' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux

Merge tag 'kvm-ppc-fixes-5.2-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/paulus/powerpc into kvm-master

PPC KVM fixes for 5.2

- Several bug fixes for the new XIVE-native code.
- Replace kvm

Merge tag 'kvm-ppc-fixes-5.2-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/paulus/powerpc into kvm-master

PPC KVM fixes for 5.2

- Several bug fixes for the new XIVE-native code.
- Replace kvm->lock by other mutexes in several places where we hold a
vcpu mutex, to avoid lock order inversions.
- Fix a lockdep warning on guest entry for radix-mode guests.
- Fix a bug causing user-visible corruption of SPRG3 on the host.

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Merge tag 'spdx-5.2-rc3-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/driver-core

Pull yet more SPDX updates from Greg KH:
"Here is another set of reviewed patches that adds SPDX tags

Merge tag 'spdx-5.2-rc3-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/driver-core

Pull yet more SPDX updates from Greg KH:
"Here is another set of reviewed patches that adds SPDX tags to
different kernel files, based on a set of rules that are being used to
parse the comments to try to determine that the license of the file is
"GPL-2.0-or-later" or "GPL-2.0-only". Only the "obvious" versions of
these matches are included here, a number of "non-obvious" variants of
text have been found but those have been postponed for later review
and analysis.

There is also a patch in here to add the proper SPDX header to a bunch
of Kbuild files that we have missed in the past due to new files being
added and forgetting that Kbuild uses two different file names for
Makefiles. This issue was reported by the Kbuild maintainer.

These patches have been out for review on the linux-spdx@vger mailing
list, and while they were created by automatic tools, they were
hand-verified by a bunch of different people, all whom names are on
the patches are reviewers"

* tag 'spdx-5.2-rc3-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/driver-core: (82 commits)
treewide: Add SPDX license identifier - Kbuild
treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 225
treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 224
treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 223
treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 222
treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 221
treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 220
treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 218
treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 217
treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 216
treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 215
treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 214
treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 213
treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 211
treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 210
treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 209
treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 207
treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 206
treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 203
treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 201
...

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treewide: Add SPDX license identifier - Kbuild

Add SPDX license identifiers to all Make/Kconfig files which:

- Have no license information of any form

These files fall under the project license,

treewide: Add SPDX license identifier - Kbuild

Add SPDX license identifiers to all Make/Kconfig files which:

- Have no license information of any form

These files fall under the project license, GPL v2 only. The resulting SPDX
license identifier is:

GPL-2.0

Reported-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

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Merge tag 'perf-urgent-for-mingo-5.2-20190528' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/acme/linux into perf/urgent

Pull perf/urgent fixes:

BPF:

Jiri Olsa:

- Fixup determination of en

Merge tag 'perf-urgent-for-mingo-5.2-20190528' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/acme/linux into perf/urgent

Pull perf/urgent fixes:

BPF:

Jiri Olsa:

- Fixup determination of end of kernel map, to avoid having BPF programs,
that are after the kernel headers and just before module texts mixed up in
the kernel map.

tools UAPI header copies:

Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo:

- Update copy of files related to new fspick, fsmount, fsconfig, fsopen,
move_mount and open_tree syscalls.

- Sync cpufeatures.h, sched.h, fs.h, drm.h, i915_drm.h and kvm.h headers.

Namespaces:

Namhyung Kim:

- Add missing byte swap ops for namespace events when processing records from
perf.data files that could have been recorded in a arch with a different
endianness.

- Fix access to the thread namespaces list by using the namespaces_lock.

perf data:

Shawn Landden:

- Fix 'strncat may truncate' build failure with recent gcc.

s/390

Thomas Richter:

- Fix s390 missing module symbol and warning for non-root users in 'perf record'.

arm64:

Vitaly Chikunov:

- Fix mksyscalltbl when system kernel headers are ahead of the kernel.

Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

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Merge tag 'v5.2-rc2' into patchwork

Merge back from upstream into media tree, as there are some
patches merged upstream that has pontential of causing
conflicts (one actually rised a conflict alread

Merge tag 'v5.2-rc2' into patchwork

Merge back from upstream into media tree, as there are some
patches merged upstream that has pontential of causing
conflicts (one actually rised a conflict already).

Linux 5.2-rc2

* tag 'v5.2-rc2': (377 commits)
Linux 5.2-rc2
random: fix soft lockup when trying to read from an uninitialized blocking pool
tracing: Silence GCC 9 array bounds warning
ext4: fix dcache lookup of !casefolded directories
locking/lock_events: Use this_cpu_add() when necessary
KVM: x86: fix return value for reserved EFER
tools/kvm_stat: fix fields filter for child events
KVM: selftests: Wrap vcpu_nested_state_get/set functions with x86 guard
kvm: selftests: aarch64: compile with warnings on
kvm: selftests: aarch64: fix default vm mode
kvm: selftests: aarch64: dirty_log_test: fix unaligned memslot size
KVM: s390: fix memory slot handling for KVM_SET_USER_MEMORY_REGION
KVM: x86/pmu: do not mask the value that is written to fixed PMUs
KVM: x86/pmu: mask the result of rdpmc according to the width of the counters
x86/kvm/pmu: Set AMD's virt PMU version to 1
KVM: x86: do not spam dmesg with VMCS/VMCB dumps
kvm: Check irqchip mode before assign irqfd
kvm: svm/avic: fix off-by-one in checking host APIC ID
KVM: selftests: do not blindly clobber registers in guest asm
KVM: selftests: Remove duplicated TEST_ASSERT in hyperv_cpuid.c
...

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Merge drm/drm-next into drm-intel-next-queued

Get the HDR dependencies originally merged via drm-misc. Sync up all
i915 changes applied via other trees. And get v5.2-rc2 as the baseline.

Signed-off

Merge drm/drm-next into drm-intel-next-queued

Get the HDR dependencies originally merged via drm-misc. Sync up all
i915 changes applied via other trees. And get v5.2-rc2 as the baseline.

Signed-off-by: Jani Nikula <jani.nikula@intel.com>

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Merge remote-tracking branch 'drm/drm-next' into drm-misc-next

This picks up rc2 for us as well.

Signed-off-by: Maarten Lankhorst <maarten.lankhorst@linux.intel.com>

Merge drm/drm-next into drm-misc-next

Backmerging 5.2-rc1 to -misc-next for robher

Signed-off-by: Sean Paul <seanpaul@chromium.org>

Merge tag 'kbuild-fixes-v5.2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild

Pull Kbuild fixes from Masahiro Yamada:

- remove unused cc-ldoption

- do not check the name

Merge tag 'kbuild-fixes-v5.2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild

Pull Kbuild fixes from Masahiro Yamada:

- remove unused cc-ldoption

- do not check the name uniquness of builtin modules to avoid false
positives

* tag 'kbuild-fixes-v5.2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild:
kbuild: do not check name uniqueness of builtin modules
kbuild: drop support for cc-ldoption

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Merge branch 'fixes-dra7' into fixes

kbuild: drop support for cc-ldoption

If you want to see if your linker supports a certain flag, then ask the
linker directly with ld-option (not the compiler with cc-ldoption).
Checking for linker f

kbuild: drop support for cc-ldoption

If you want to see if your linker supports a certain flag, then ask the
linker directly with ld-option (not the compiler with cc-ldoption).
Checking for linker flag support is an antipattern that complicates the
usage of various linkers other than bfd via -fuse-ld={bfd|gold|lld}.

Cc: clang-built-linux@googlegroups.com
Suggested-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Signed-off-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>

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Merge tag 'v5.2-rc1' of https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux into fbdev-for-next

Linux 5.2-rc1

Sync with upstream (which now contains fbdev-v5.2 changes) to
prepare a base

Merge tag 'v5.2-rc1' of https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux into fbdev-for-next

Linux 5.2-rc1

Sync with upstream (which now contains fbdev-v5.2 changes) to
prepare a base for fbdev-v5.3 changes.

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Merge tag 'v5.2-rc1' into spi-5.3

Linux 5.2-rc1

Merge tag 'v5.2-rc1' into regulator-5.3

Linux 5.2-rc1

Merge tag 'v5.2-rc1' into asoc-5.3

Linux 5.2-rc1

Merge tag 'v5.1' into next

Sync up with mainline to bring in the latest APIs.

Merge tag 'kbuild-v5.2-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild

Pull more Kbuild updates from Masahiro Yamada:

- remove unneeded use of cc-option, cc-disable-warn

Merge tag 'kbuild-v5.2-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild

Pull more Kbuild updates from Masahiro Yamada:

- remove unneeded use of cc-option, cc-disable-warning, cc-ldoption

- exclude tracked files from .gitignore

- re-enable -Wint-in-bool-context warning

- refactor samples/Makefile

- stop building immediately if syncconfig fails

- do not sprinkle error messages when $(CC) does not exist

- move arch/alpha/defconfig to the configs subdirectory

- remove crappy header search path manipulation

- add comment lines to .config to clarify the end of menu blocks

- check uniqueness of module names (adding new warnings intentionally)

* tag 'kbuild-v5.2-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild: (24 commits)
kconfig: use 'else ifneq' for Makefile to improve readability
kbuild: check uniqueness of module names
kconfig: Terminate menu blocks with a comment in the generated config
kbuild: add LICENSES to KBUILD_ALLDIRS
kbuild: remove 'addtree' and 'flags' magic for header search paths
treewide: prefix header search paths with $(srctree)/
media: prefix header search paths with $(srctree)/
media: remove unneeded header search paths
alpha: move arch/alpha/defconfig to arch/alpha/configs/defconfig
kbuild: terminate Kconfig when $(CC) or $(LD) is missing
kbuild: turn auto.conf.cmd into a mandatory include file
.gitignore: exclude .get_maintainer.ignore and .gitattributes
kbuild: add all Clang-specific flags unconditionally
kbuild: Don't try to add '-fcatch-undefined-behavior' flag
kbuild: add some extra warning flags unconditionally
kbuild: add -Wvla flag unconditionally
arch: remove dangling asm-generic wrappers
samples: guard sub-directories with CONFIG options
kbuild: re-enable int-in-bool-context warning
MAINTAINERS: kbuild: Add pattern for scripts/*vmlinux*
...

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