License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine

License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.

By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.

Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.

This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.

How this work was done:

Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,

Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.

The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.

The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).

All documentation files were explicitly excluded.

The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.

- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.

For non */uapi/* files that summary was:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139

and resulted in the first patch in this series.

If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930

and resulted in the second patch in this series.

- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1

and that resulted in the third patch in this series.

- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).

- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.

- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).

- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.

In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.

Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.

In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.

Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct

This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.

These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.

Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

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Merge remote-tracking branch 'linusw-gpio/for-next' into devm_gpiochip

Base for demv_gpiochip_add_data() and devm_gpiochip_remove().

Merge branch 'next' into for-linus

Prepare first round of input updates for 4.3 merge window.

Merge tag 'v4.2-rc3' into next

Sync up with Linux 4.2-rc3 to bring in infrastructure (OF) pieces.

Merge branches 'for-4.2/i2c-hid', 'for-4.2/lenovo', 'for-4.2/plantronics', 'for-4.2/rmi', 'for-4.2/sensor-hub', 'for-4.2/sjoy', 'for-4.2/sony' and 'for-4.2/wacom' into for-linus

Conflicts:
drivers/

Merge branches 'for-4.2/i2c-hid', 'for-4.2/lenovo', 'for-4.2/plantronics', 'for-4.2/rmi', 'for-4.2/sensor-hub', 'for-4.2/sjoy', 'for-4.2/sony' and 'for-4.2/wacom' into for-linus

Conflicts:
drivers/hid/wacom_wac.c

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Merge branch 'fix/fsl-dspi' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/broonie/spi into spi-fsl-dspi

Merge tag 'mac80211-next-for-davem-2015-05-06' into iwlwifi-next

Lots of updates for net-next for this cycle. As usual, we have
a lot of small fixes and cleanups, the bigger items are:
* proper mac

Merge tag 'mac80211-next-for-davem-2015-05-06' into iwlwifi-next

Lots of updates for net-next for this cycle. As usual, we have
a lot of small fixes and cleanups, the bigger items are:
* proper mac80211 rate control locking, to fix some random crashes
(this required changing other locking as well)
* mac80211 "fast-xmit", a mechanism to reduce, in most cases, the
amount of code we execute while going from ndo_start_xmit() to
the driver
* this also clears the way for properly supporting S/G and checksum
and segmentation offloads

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Merge branch 'linus' into x86/asm, before applying dependent patch

Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Merge tag 'v4.1-rc1' into patchwork

Linux 4.1-rc1

* tag 'v4.1-rc1': (11651 commits)
Linux 4.1-rc1
x86_64, asm: Work around AMD SYSRET SS descriptor attribute issue
v4l: xilinx: fix for includ

Merge tag 'v4.1-rc1' into patchwork

Linux 4.1-rc1

* tag 'v4.1-rc1': (11651 commits)
Linux 4.1-rc1
x86_64, asm: Work around AMD SYSRET SS descriptor attribute issue
v4l: xilinx: fix for include file movement
platform/chrome: chromeos_laptop - instantiate Atmel at primary address
RCU pathwalk breakage when running into a symlink overmounting something
fix I_DIO_WAKEUP definition
direct-io: only inc/dec inode->i_dio_count for file systems
fs/9p: fix readdir()
Btrfs: prevent list corruption during free space cache processing
toshiba_acpi: Do not register vendor backlight when acpi_video bl is available
x86: fix special __probe_kernel_write() tail zeroing case
crypto: img-hash - CRYPTO_DEV_IMGTEC_HASH should depend on HAS_DMA
crypto: x86/sha512_ssse3 - fixup for asm function prototype change
nios2: rework cache
nios2: Add types.h header required for __u32 type
ALSA: hda - fix headset mic detection problem for one more machine
eth: bf609 eth clock: add pclk clock for stmmac driver probe
blackfin: Wire up missing syscalls
Btrfs: fix inode cache writeout
ACPI / scan: Add a scan handler for PRP0001
...

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Merge branch 'drm-next-merged' of git://people.freedesktop.org/~airlied/linux into v4l_for_linus

* 'drm-next-merged' of git://people.freedesktop.org/~airlied/linux: (9717 commits)
media-bus: Fixup

Merge branch 'drm-next-merged' of git://people.freedesktop.org/~airlied/linux into v4l_for_linus

* 'drm-next-merged' of git://people.freedesktop.org/~airlied/linux: (9717 commits)
media-bus: Fixup RGB444_1X12, RGB565_1X16, and YUV8_1X24 media bus format
hexdump: avoid warning in test function
fs: take i_mutex during prepare_binprm for set[ug]id executables
smp: Fix error case handling in smp_call_function_*()
iommu-common: Fix PARISC compile-time warnings
sparc: Make LDC use common iommu poll management functions
sparc: Make sparc64 use scalable lib/iommu-common.c functions
Break up monolithic iommu table/lock into finer graularity pools and lock
sparc: Revert generic IOMMU allocator.
tools/power turbostat: correct dumped pkg-cstate-limit value
tools/power turbostat: calculate TSC frequency from CPUID(0x15) on SKL
tools/power turbostat: correct DRAM RAPL units on recent Xeon processors
tools/power turbostat: Initial Skylake support
tools/power turbostat: Use $(CURDIR) instead of $(PWD) and add support for O= option in Makefile
tools/power turbostat: modprobe msr, if needed
tools/power turbostat: dump MSR_TURBO_RATIO_LIMIT2
tools/power turbostat: use new MSR_TURBO_RATIO_LIMIT names
Bluetooth: hidp: Fix regression with older userspace and flags validation
config: Enable NEED_DMA_MAP_STATE by default when SWIOTLB is selected
perf/x86/intel/pt: Fix and clean up error handling in pt_event_add()
...

That solves several merge conflicts:
Documentation/DocBook/media/v4l/subdev-formats.xml
Documentation/devicetree/bindings/vendor-prefixes.txt
drivers/staging/media/mn88473/mn88473.c
include/linux/kconfig.h
include/uapi/linux/media-bus-format.h

The ones at subdev-formats.xml and media-bus-format.h are not trivial.
That's why we opted to merge from DRM.

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Merge Linus master into drm-next

The merge is clean, but the arm build fails afterwards,
due to API changes in the regulator tree.

I've included the patch into the merge to fix the build.

Signed-o

Merge Linus master into drm-next

The merge is clean, but the arm build fails afterwards,
due to API changes in the regulator tree.

I've included the patch into the merge to fix the build.

Signed-off-by: Dave Airlie <airlied@redhat.com>

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Merge tag 'for-linus-4.1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rw/uml

Pull UML updates from Richard Weinberger:
- hostfs saw a face lifting
- old/broken stuff was removed (SMP, HIGHMEM

Merge tag 'for-linus-4.1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rw/uml

Pull UML updates from Richard Weinberger:
- hostfs saw a face lifting
- old/broken stuff was removed (SMP, HIGHMEM, SKAS3/4)
- random cleanups and bug fixes

* tag 'for-linus-4.1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rw/uml: (26 commits)
um: Print minimum physical memory requirement
um: Move uml_postsetup in the init_thread stack
um: add a kmsg_dumper
x86, UML: fix integer overflow in ELF_ET_DYN_BASE
um: hostfs: Reduce number of syscalls in readdir
um: Remove broken highmem support
um: Remove broken SMP support
um: Remove SKAS3/4 support
um: Remove ppc cruft
um: Remove ia64 cruft
um: Remove dead code from stacktrace
hostfs: No need to box and later unbox the file mode
hostfs: Use page_offset()
hostfs: Set page flags in hostfs_readpage() correctly
hostfs: Remove superfluous initializations in hostfs_open()
hostfs: hostfs_open: Reset open flags upon each retry
hostfs: Remove superfluous test in hostfs_open()
hostfs: Report append flag in ->show_options()
hostfs: Use __getname() in follow_link
hostfs: Remove open coded strcpy()
...

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um: hostfs: Reduce number of syscalls in readdir

Currently hostfs issues every time a seekdir(), in fact
it has to do this only upon the first call.
Also telldir() can be omitted as we can obtain th

um: hostfs: Reduce number of syscalls in readdir

Currently hostfs issues every time a seekdir(), in fact
it has to do this only upon the first call.
Also telldir() can be omitted as we can obtain the directory
offset from readdir().

Signed-off-by: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>

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hostfs: No need to box and later unbox the file mode

There is really no point in having a function with 10
arguments.

Reported-by: Daniel Walter <d.walter@0x90.at>
Signed-off-by: Richard Weinberger

hostfs: No need to box and later unbox the file mode

There is really no point in having a function with 10
arguments.

Reported-by: Daniel Walter <d.walter@0x90.at>
Signed-off-by: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>

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Merge Linus' tree to be be to apply submitted patches to newer code than
current trivial.git base

Merge commit 'v3.17' into next

Merge tag 'v3.18-rc4' into x86/cleanups, to refresh the tree before pulling new changes.

Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Merge branches 'for-3.18/always-poll-quirk', 'for-3.18/logitech', 'for-3.18/picolcd', 'for-3.18/rmi', 'for-3.18/sony', 'for-3.18/uhid', 'for-3.18/upstream' and 'for-3.18/wacom' into for-linus

Merge branch 'next' into for-linus

Prepare first round of input updates for 3.18.

Merge tag 'irqchip-core-3.18' of git://git.infradead.org/users/jcooper/linux into irq/core

irqchip core changes for v3.18

- renesas: suspend to RAM, runtime PM, cleanups and DT binding docs
- key

Merge tag 'irqchip-core-3.18' of git://git.infradead.org/users/jcooper/linux into irq/core

irqchip core changes for v3.18

- renesas: suspend to RAM, runtime PM, cleanups and DT binding docs
- keystone: add new driver
- hip04: add Hisilicon HiP04 driver (without touching irq-gic.c)
- gic: Use defines instead of magic number, preserve v2 bybass bits
- handle_domain_irq: common low level interrupt entry handler

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Merge remote-tracking branch 'airlied/drm-next' into topic/vblank-rework

Dave asked me to do the backmerge before sending him the revised pull
request, so here we go. Nothing fancy in the conflicts,

Merge remote-tracking branch 'airlied/drm-next' into topic/vblank-rework

Dave asked me to do the backmerge before sending him the revised pull
request, so here we go. Nothing fancy in the conflicts, just a few
things changed right next to each another.

Conflicts:
drivers/gpu/drm/drm_irq.c

Signed-off-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@intel.com>

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Merge tag 'v3.17-rc4' into sched/core, to prevent conflicts with upcoming patches, and to refresh the tree

Linux 3.17-rc4

Merge tag 'v3.17-rc3' into next

Sync with mainline to bring in Chrome EC changes.

Merge tag 'asoc-v3.17-rc3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/broonie/sound into for-linus

ASoC: Fixes for v3.17

A few more driver specific fixes on top of the currently pending fixes

Merge tag 'asoc-v3.17-rc3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/broonie/sound into for-linus

ASoC: Fixes for v3.17

A few more driver specific fixes on top of the currently pending fixes
(which are already in your tree but not Linus').

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Merge branch 'linus' into perf/core, to fix conflicts

Conflicts:
arch/x86/kernel/cpu/perf_event_intel_uncore*.c

Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>