License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine

License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.

By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.

Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.

This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.

How this work was done:

Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,

Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.

The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.

The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).

All documentation files were explicitly excluded.

The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.

- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.

For non */uapi/* files that summary was:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139

and resulted in the first patch in this series.

If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930

and resulted in the second patch in this series.

- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1

and that resulted in the third patch in this series.

- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).

- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.

- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).

- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.

In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.

Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.

In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.

Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct

This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.

These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.

Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

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Merge branch 'for-4.7/pwm-regulator' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/thierry.reding/linux-pwm into regulator-pwm

Merge branch 'master' into for-next

Sync with Linus' tree so that patches against newer codebase can be applied.

Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>

Merge tag 'for-v4.6-rc/omap-fixes-a' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/pjw/omap-pending into omap-for-v4.6/fixes

ARM: OMAP2+: first hwmod fix for v4.6-rc

Fix a longstanding bug in th

Merge tag 'for-v4.6-rc/omap-fixes-a' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/pjw/omap-pending into omap-for-v4.6/fixes

ARM: OMAP2+: first hwmod fix for v4.6-rc

Fix a longstanding bug in the hwmod code that could cause
hardware SYSCONFIG register values to not match the kernel's
idea of what they should be, and that could result in lower
performance during IP block idle entry.

Basic build, boot, and PM test logs are available here:

http://www.pwsan.com/omap/testlogs/omap-hwmod-fixes-a-for-v4.6-rc/20160326231727/

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Merge tag 'v4.5' into next

Merge with Linux 4.5 to get PROPERTY_ENTRY_INTEGER() that is needed to
fix pxa/raumfeld rotary encoder properties.

Orangefs: merge to v4.5

Merge tag 'v4.5' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux into current

Linux 4.5

Merge tag 'v4.5-rc5' into devel

Linux 4.5-rc5

Merge branch 'ib-mfd-regulator-gpio-4.6' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/lee/mfd into devel

Merge branch 'for-linus' into work.lookups

for the sake of namei.c fixes

Merge remote-tracking branch 'linusw-gpio/for-next' into devm_gpiochip

Base for demv_gpiochip_add_data() and devm_gpiochip_remove().

Merge tag 'v4.5-rc5' into asoc-mtk

Linux 4.5-rc5

Merge tag 'asoc-fix-v4.5-rc4' into asoc-qcom

ASoC: Fixes for v4.5

A rather large batch of fixes here, almost all in the Intel driver.
The changes that got merged in this merge window for Skylake we

Merge tag 'asoc-fix-v4.5-rc4' into asoc-qcom

ASoC: Fixes for v4.5

A rather large batch of fixes here, almost all in the Intel driver.
The changes that got merged in this merge window for Skylake were rather
large and as well as issues that you'd expect in a large block of new
code there were some problems created for older processors which needed
fixing up. Things are largely settling down now hopefully.

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Merge tag 'spi-fix-v4.5-rc4' into spi-imx

spi: Fixes for v4.5

A small clutch of driver specific fixes. The OMAP one is a bit worrying
since it seems to be triggered by some changes in the runtime

Merge tag 'spi-fix-v4.5-rc4' into spi-imx

spi: Fixes for v4.5

A small clutch of driver specific fixes. The OMAP one is a bit worrying
since it seems to be triggered by some changes in the runtime PM core
code and I suspect there's other drivers across that are going to be
using the same pattern outside of OMAP but nothing seems to be coming up
in the testing people are doing.

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Merge branch 'x86/urgent' into x86/asm, to pick up fixes

Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Merge 4.5-rc4 into char-misc-next

We want those fixes in here as well.

Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

Merge tag 'topic/drm-misc-2016-02-12' into drm-intel-next-queued

Backmerge to get at the new encoder_mask support in atomic helpers.

Signed-off-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@intel.com>

Merge branch 'topic/core-fixes' into for-linus

Merge tag 'v4.5-rc3' into patchwork

Linux 4.5-rc3

* tag 'v4.5-rc3': (644 commits)
Linux 4.5-rc3
epoll: restrict EPOLLEXCLUSIVE to POLLIN and POLLOUT
radix-tree: fix oops after radix_tree_iter

Merge tag 'v4.5-rc3' into patchwork

Linux 4.5-rc3

* tag 'v4.5-rc3': (644 commits)
Linux 4.5-rc3
epoll: restrict EPOLLEXCLUSIVE to POLLIN and POLLOUT
radix-tree: fix oops after radix_tree_iter_retry
MAINTAINERS: trim the file triggers for ABI/API
dax: dirty inode only if required
thp: make deferred_split_scan() work again
mm: replace vma_lock_anon_vma with anon_vma_lock_read/write
ocfs2/dlm: clear refmap bit of recovery lock while doing local recovery cleanup
um: asm/page.h: remove the pte_high member from struct pte_t
mm, hugetlb: don't require CMA for runtime gigantic pages
mm/hugetlb: fix gigantic page initialization/allocation
mm: downgrade VM_BUG in isolate_lru_page() to warning
mempolicy: do not try to queue pages from !vma_migratable()
mm, vmstat: fix wrong WQ sleep when memory reclaim doesn't make any progress
vmstat: make vmstat_update deferrable
mm, vmstat: make quiet_vmstat lighter
mm/Kconfig: correct description of DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT
memblock: don't mark memblock_phys_mem_size() as __init
dump_stack: avoid potential deadlocks
mm: validate_mm browse_rb SMP race condition
...

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Merge tag 'v4.5-rc3' into locking/core, to refresh the tree

Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Merge branch 'x86/urgent' into x86/mm, to pick up dependent fix

Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Merge branch 'topic/core-fixes' into for-next

Merge branch 'linus' into efi/core, to refresh the branch and to pick up recent fixes

Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Merge 4.5-rc2 into usb-next

We want the USB fixes in here as well.

Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

Merge 4.5-rc2 into tty-next

We want the tty/serial fixes in here as well to make merges easier.

Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

Merge 4.5-rc2 into staging-next

This fixes a merge issue with the panel driver, and picks up fixes in
iio and other drivers that we want here.

Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundat

Merge 4.5-rc2 into staging-next

This fixes a merge issue with the panel driver, and picks up fixes in
iio and other drivers that we want here.

Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

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