License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine

License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.

By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.

Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.

This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.

How this work was done:

Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,

Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.

The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.

The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).

All documentation files were explicitly excluded.

The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.

- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.

For non */uapi/* files that summary was:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139

and resulted in the first patch in this series.

If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930

and resulted in the second patch in this series.

- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1

and that resulted in the third patch in this series.

- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).

- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.

- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).

- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.

In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.

Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.

In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.

Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct

This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.

These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.

Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

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Merge remote-tracking branch 'linusw-gpio/for-next' into devm_gpiochip

Base for demv_gpiochip_add_data() and devm_gpiochip_remove().

Merge commit 'v3.15' into next

Merge tag 'v3.15' into next

Linux 3.15

Merge branch 'next' into for-linus

Prepare input updates for 3.16.

Merge branches 'for-3.15/upstream-fixes' and 'for-3.16/upstream' into for-linus

Conflicts:
drivers/hid/hid-sensor-hub.c

Merge tag 'v3.15-rc5' into next

Merge with Linux 3.15-rc5 to sync up Wacom and other changes.

Merge branch 'sched/urgent' into sched/core, to avoid conflicts

Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Merge remote-tracking branch 'wireless-next/master' into iwlwifi-next

Merge tag 'kconfig-cleanups' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/robh/linux into next/cleanup

Merge Kconfig cleanups from Rob Herring:

Several mach kconfig clean-ups of redundant selec

Merge tag 'kconfig-cleanups' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/robh/linux into next/cleanup

Merge Kconfig cleanups from Rob Herring:

Several mach kconfig clean-ups of redundant selects

* tag 'kconfig-cleanups' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/robh/linux:
ARM: qcom: clean-up unneeded kconfig selects
ARM: bcm: clean-up unneeded kconfig selects
ARM: mvebu: clean-up unneeded kconfig selects
+ Linux 3.15-rc2

Signed-off-by: Olof Johansson <olof@lixom.net>

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Merge tag 'v3.15-rc1' into patchwork

Linux 3.15-rc1

* tag 'v3.15-rc1': (12180 commits)
Linux 3.15-rc1
mm: Initialize error in shmem_file_aio_read()
cifs: Use min_t() when comparing "size_t" a

Merge tag 'v3.15-rc1' into patchwork

Linux 3.15-rc1

* tag 'v3.15-rc1': (12180 commits)
Linux 3.15-rc1
mm: Initialize error in shmem_file_aio_read()
cifs: Use min_t() when comparing "size_t" and "unsigned long"
sym53c8xx_2: Set DID_REQUEUE return code when aborting squeue
powerpc: Don't try to set LPCR unless we're in hypervisor mode
futex: update documentation for ordering guarantees
ceph: fix pr_fmt() redefinition
vti: don't allow to add the same tunnel twice
gre: don't allow to add the same tunnel twice
drivers: net: xen-netfront: fix array initialization bug
missing bits of "splice: fix racy pipe->buffers uses"
cifs: fix the race in cifs_writev()
ceph_sync_{,direct_}write: fix an oops on ceph_osdc_new_request() failure
pktgen: be friendly to LLTX devices
r8152: check RTL8152_UNPLUG
net: sun4i-emac: add promiscuous support
net/apne: replace IS_ERR and PTR_ERR with PTR_ERR_OR_ZERO
blackfin: cleanup board files
bf609: clock: drop unused clock bit set/clear functions
Blackfin: bf537: rename "CONFIG_ADT75"
...

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Merge tag 'v3.15-rc1' into perf/urgent

Pick up the latest fixes.

Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Merge commit 'v3.14' into next

Merge tag 'xtensa-for-next-20140406' of git://github.com/jcmvbkbc/linux-xtensa into for_next

Merging from Max' tree.

Xtensa fixes for 3.15:
- add missing cache manipulation symbol exports to fix bu

Merge tag 'xtensa-for-next-20140406' of git://github.com/jcmvbkbc/linux-xtensa into for_next

Merging from Max' tree.

Xtensa fixes for 3.15:
- add missing cache manipulation symbol exports to fix build failures;
- sort extable at build time;
- clean up sysmem code, support memmap boot parameter;
- add highmem support for cores with non-aliasing caches;
- add DTS for xtfpga on KC705.

Signed-off-by: Chris Zankel <chris@zankel.net>

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Merge commit '683b6c6f82a60fabf47012581c2cfbf1b037ab95' into stable/for-linus-3.15

This merge of the irq-core-for-linus branch broke the ARM build when
Xen is enabled.

Conflicts:
drivers/xen/event

Merge commit '683b6c6f82a60fabf47012581c2cfbf1b037ab95' into stable/for-linus-3.15

This merge of the irq-core-for-linus branch broke the ARM build when
Xen is enabled.

Conflicts:
drivers/xen/events/events_base.c

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Merge branch 'for-linus' of git://ftp.arm.linux.org.uk/~rmk/linux-arm

Pull ARM changes from Russell King:

- Perf updates from Will Deacon:
- Support for Qualcomm Krait processors (run perf on y

Merge branch 'for-linus' of git://ftp.arm.linux.org.uk/~rmk/linux-arm

Pull ARM changes from Russell King:

- Perf updates from Will Deacon:
- Support for Qualcomm Krait processors (run perf on your phone!)
- Support for Cortex-A12 (run perf stat on your FPGA!)
- Support for perf_sample_event_took, allowing us to automatically decrease
the sample rate if we can't handle the PMU interrupts quickly enough
(run perf record on your FPGA!).

- Basic uprobes support from David Long:
This patch series adds basic uprobes support to ARM. It is based on
patches developed earlier by Rabin Vincent. That approach of adding
hooks into the kprobes instruction parsing code was not well received.
This approach separates the ARM instruction parsing code in kprobes out
into a separate set of functions which can be used by both kprobes and
uprobes. Both kprobes and uprobes then provide their own semantic action
tables to process the results of the parsing.

- ARMv7M (microcontroller) updates from Uwe Kleine-König

- OMAP DMA updates (recently added Vinod's Ack even though they've been
sitting in linux-next for a few months) to reduce the reliance of
omap-dma on the code in arch/arm.

- SA11x0 changes from Dmitry Eremin-Solenikov and Alexander Shiyan

- Support for Cortex-A12 CPU

- Align support for ARMv6 with ARMv7 so they can cooperate better in a
single zImage.

- Addition of first AT_HWCAP2 feature bits for ARMv8 crypto support.

- Removal of IRQ_DISABLED from various ARM files

- Improved efficiency of virt_to_page() for single zImage

- Patch from Ulf Hansson to permit runtime PM callbacks to be available for
AMBA devices for suspend/resume as well.

- Finally kill asm/system.h on ARM.

* 'for-linus' of git://ftp.arm.linux.org.uk/~rmk/linux-arm: (89 commits)
dmaengine: omap-dma: more consolidation of CCR register setup
dmaengine: omap-dma: move IRQ handling to omap-dma
dmaengine: omap-dma: move register read/writes into omap-dma.c
ARM: omap: dma: get rid of 'p' allocation and clean up
ARM: omap: move dma channel allocation into plat-omap code
ARM: omap: dma: get rid of errata global
ARM: omap: clean up DMA register accesses
ARM: omap: remove almost-const variables
ARM: omap: remove references to disable_irq_lch
dmaengine: omap-dma: cleanup errata 3.3 handling
dmaengine: omap-dma: provide register read/write functions
dmaengine: omap-dma: use cached CCR value when enabling DMA
dmaengine: omap-dma: move barrier to omap_dma_start_desc()
dmaengine: omap-dma: move clnk_ctrl setting to preparation functions
dmaengine: omap-dma: improve efficiency loading C.SA/C.EI/C.FI registers
dmaengine: omap-dma: consolidate clearing channel status register
dmaengine: omap-dma: move CCR buffering disable errata out of the fast path
dmaengine: omap-dma: provide register definitions
dmaengine: omap-dma: consolidate setup of CCR
dmaengine: omap-dma: consolidate setup of CSDP
...

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Merge branches 'amba', 'fixes', 'misc', 'mmci', 'unstable/omap-dma' and 'unstable/sa11x0' into for-next

Merge branch '3.14-fixes' into mips-for-linux-next

Merge tag 'v3.14' into next

Linux 3.14

Merge remote-tracking branch 'robh/for-next' into devicetree/next

Merge tag 'v3.14-rc7' into drm-next

Linux 3.14-rc7

Backmerge to help out Intel guys.

Merge 3.14-rc7 into staging-next

This resolves a merge issue with drivers/staging/cxt1e1/linux.c that was
fixed in a report from Stephen Rothwell

Reported-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au

Merge 3.14-rc7 into staging-next

This resolves a merge issue with drivers/staging/cxt1e1/linux.c that was
fixed in a report from Stephen Rothwell

Reported-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

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Merge tag 'v3.14-rc6' into devel

Linux 3.14-rc6

Merge tag 'asoc-v3.15' into asoc-intel

ASoC: Updates for v3.15

Quite a busy release for ASoC this time, more on janitorial work than
exciting new features but welcome nontheless:

- Lots of cleanu

Merge tag 'asoc-v3.15' into asoc-intel

ASoC: Updates for v3.15

Quite a busy release for ASoC this time, more on janitorial work than
exciting new features but welcome nontheless:

- Lots of cleanups from Takashi for enumerations; the original API for
these was error prone so he's refactored lots of code to use more
modern APIs which avoid issues.
- Elimination of the ASoC level wrappers for I2C and SPI moving us
closer to converting to regmap completely and avoiding some
randconfig hassle.
- Provide both manually and transparently locked DAPM APIs rather than
a mix of the two fixing some concurrency issues.
- Start converting CODEC drivers to use separate bus interface drivers
rather than having them all in one file helping avoid dependency
issues.
- DPCM support for Intel Haswell and Bay Trail platforms.
- Lots of work on improvements for simple-card, DaVinci and the Renesas
rcar drivers.
- New drivers for Analog Devices ADAU1977, TI PCM512x and parts of the
CSR SiRF SoC.

Conflicts:
sound/soc/intel/Kconfig

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Merge tag 'asoc-v3.15' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/broonie/sound into for-next

ASoC: Updates for v3.15

Quite a busy release for ASoC this time, more on janitorial work than
exc

Merge tag 'asoc-v3.15' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/broonie/sound into for-next

ASoC: Updates for v3.15

Quite a busy release for ASoC this time, more on janitorial work than
exciting new features but welcome nontheless:

- Lots of cleanups from Takashi for enumerations; the original API for
these was error prone so he's refactored lots of code to use more
modern APIs which avoid issues.
- Elimination of the ASoC level wrappers for I2C and SPI moving us
closer to converting to regmap completely and avoiding some
randconfig hassle.
- Provide both manually and transparently locked DAPM APIs rather than
a mix of the two fixing some concurrency issues.
- Start converting CODEC drivers to use separate bus interface drivers
rather than having them all in one file helping avoid dependency
issues.
- DPCM support for Intel Haswell and Bay Trail platforms.
- Lots of work on improvements for simple-card, DaVinci and the Renesas
rcar drivers.
- New drivers for Analog Devices ADAU1977, TI PCM512x and parts of the
CSR SiRF SoC.

show more ...