Remove $FreeBSD$: two-line nroff pattern

Remove /^\.\\"\n\.\\"\s*\$FreeBSD\$$\n/

Minor language improvements. Note that they can't be changed
by sysctl (I think they can be changed as a tuneable.)

MFHead @349476

Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation

sys: Remove DEV_RANDOM device option

Remove 'device random' from kernel configurations that reference it (most).
Replace perhaps mistaken 'nodevice random' in two MIPS configs with 'options
RANDOM_L

sys: Remove DEV_RANDOM device option

Remove 'device random' from kernel configurations that reference it (most).
Replace perhaps mistaken 'nodevice random' in two MIPS configs with 'options
RANDOM_LOADABLE' instead. Document removal in UPDATING; update NOTES and
random.4.

Reviewed by: delphij, markm (previous version)
Approved by: secteam(delphij)
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D19918

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MFHead @347527

Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation

random.4: Include description of knobs added in r346358

Reported by: ngie
Sponsored by: Dell EMC Isilon

random(4): Block read_random(9) on initial seeding

read_random() is/was used, mostly without error checking, in a lot of
very sensitive places in the kernel -- including seeding the widely used
arc4

random(4): Block read_random(9) on initial seeding

read_random() is/was used, mostly without error checking, in a lot of
very sensitive places in the kernel -- including seeding the widely used
arc4random(9).

Most uses, especially arc4random(9), should block until the device is seeded
rather than proceeding with a bogus or empty seed. I did not spy any
obvious kernel consumers where blocking would be inappropriate (in the
sense that lack of entropy would be ok -- I did not investigate locking
angle thoroughly). In many instances, arc4random_buf(9) or that family
of APIs would be more appropriate anyway; that work was done in r345865.

A minor cleanup was made to the implementation of the READ_RANDOM function:
instead of using a variable-length array on the stack to temporarily store
all full random blocks sufficient to satisfy the requested 'len', only store
a single block on the stack. This has some benefit in terms of reducing
stack usage, reducing memcpy overhead and reducing devrandom output leakage
via the stack. Additionally, the stack block is now safely zeroed if it was
used.

One caveat of this change is that the kern.arandom sysctl no longer returns
zero bytes immediately if the random device is not seeded. This means that
FreeBSD-specific userspace applications which attempted to handle an
unseeded random device may be broken by this change. If such behavior is
needed, it can be replaced by the more portable getrandom(2) GRND_NONBLOCK
option.

On any typical FreeBSD system, entropy is persisted on read/write media and
used to seed the random device very early in boot, and blocking is never a
problem.

This change primarily impacts the behavior of /dev/random on embedded
systems with read-only media that do not configure "nodevice random". We
toggle the default from 'charge on blindly with no entropy' to 'block
indefinitely.' This default is safer, but may cause frustration. Embedded
system designers using FreeBSD have several options. The most obvious is to
plan to have a small writable NVRAM or NAND to persist entropy, like larger
systems. Early entropy can be fed from any loader, or by writing directly
to /dev/random during boot. Some embedded SoCs now provide a fast hardware
entropy source; this would also work for quickly seeding Fortuna. A 3rd
option would be creating an embedded-specific, more simplistic random
module, like that designed by DJB in [1] (this design still requires a small
rewritable media for forward secrecy). Finally, the least preferred option
might be "nodevice random", although I plan to remove this in a subsequent
revision.

To help developers emulate the behavior of these embedded systems on
ordinary workstations, the tunable kern.random.block_seeded_status was
added. When set to 1, it blocks the random device.

I attempted to document this change in random.4 and random.9 and ran into a
bunch of out-of-date or irrelevant or inaccurate content and ended up
rototilling those documents more than I intended to. Sorry. I think
they're in a better state now.

PR: 230875
Reviewed by: delphij, markm (earlier version)
Approved by: secteam(delphij), devrandom(markm)
Relnotes: yes
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D19744

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Merge ^/head r338298 through r338391.

Remove the Yarrow PRNG algorithm option in accordance with due notice
given in random(4).

This includes updating of the relevant man pages, and no-longer-used
harvesting parameters.

Ensure that the

Remove the Yarrow PRNG algorithm option in accordance with due notice
given in random(4).

This includes updating of the relevant man pages, and no-longer-used
harvesting parameters.

Ensure that the pseudo-unit-test still does something useful, now also
with the "other" algorithm instead of Yarrow.

PR: 230870
Reviewed by: cem
Approved by: so(delphij,gtetlow)
Approved by: re(marius)
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D16898

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Fix a bunch of "xref refers to *this* page" igor(1) warnings.

MFC after: 1 month

Spelling fixes supplied by pfg@, detected with codespell, plus
additional misspellings detected by igor.

MFC after: 1 week

Merge from head

Sponsored by: Gandi.net

Finish merging from head, messed up in previous attempt

Merge from head

Merge r286744-r287584 from head.

Merge ^/head r286858 through r287489.

Merge from HEAD

Make the UMA harvesting go away completely if not wanted. Default to "not wanted".
Provide and document the RANDOM_ENABLE_UMA option.

Change RANDOM_FAST to RANDOM_UMA to clarify the harvesting.

Rem

Make the UMA harvesting go away completely if not wanted. Default to "not wanted".
Provide and document the RANDOM_ENABLE_UMA option.

Change RANDOM_FAST to RANDOM_UMA to clarify the harvesting.

Remove RANDOM_DEBUG option, replace with SDT probes. These will be of
use to folks measuring the harvesting effect when deciding whether to
use RANDOM_ENABLE_UMA.

Requested by: scottl and others.
Approved by: so (/dev/random blanket)
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D3197

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Merge ^/head r286697 through r286857.

Add DEV_RANDOM pseudo-option and use it to "include out" random(4)
if desired.

Retire randomdev_none.c and introduce random_infra.c for resident
infrastructure. Completely stub out random(4) calls i

Add DEV_RANDOM pseudo-option and use it to "include out" random(4)
if desired.

Retire randomdev_none.c and introduce random_infra.c for resident
infrastructure. Completely stub out random(4) calls in the "without
DEV_RANDOM" case.

Add RANDOM_LOADABLE option to allow loadable Yarrow/Fortuna/LocallyWritten
algorithm. Add a skeleton "other" algorithm framework for folks
to add their own processing code. NIST, anyone?

Retire the RANDOM_DUMMY option.

Build modules for Yarrow, Fortuna and "other".

Use atomics for the live entropy rate-tracking.

Convert ints to bools for the 'seeded' logic.

Move _write() function from the algorithm-specific areas to randomdev.c

Get rid of reseed() function - it is unused.

Tidy up the opt_*.h includes.

Update documentation for random(4) modules.

Fix test program (reviewers, please leave this).

Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D3354
Reviewed by: wblock,delphij,jmg,bjk
Approved by: so (/dev/random blanket)

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Catch up with head, primarily for the 1.14.4.0 firmware.

Merge ^/head r285341 through r285792.

* Address review (and add a bit myself).
- Tweek man page.
- Remove all mention of RANDOM_FORTUNA. If the system owner wants YARROW or DUMMY, they ask for it, otherwise they get FORTUNA.
- Tidy up

* Address review (and add a bit myself).
- Tweek man page.
- Remove all mention of RANDOM_FORTUNA. If the system owner wants YARROW or DUMMY, they ask for it, otherwise they get FORTUNA.
- Tidy up headers a bit.
- Tidy up declarations a bit.
- Make static in a couple of places where needed.
- Move Yarrow/Fortuna SYSINIT/SYSUNINIT to randomdev.c, moving us towards a single file where the algorithm context is used.
- Get rid of random_*_process_buffer() functions. They were only used in one place each, and are better subsumed into those places.
- Remove *_post_read() functions as they are stubs everywhere.
- Assert against buffer size illegalities.
- Clean up some silly code in the randomdev_read() routine.
- Make the harvesting more consistent.
- Make some requested argument name changes.
- Tidy up and clarify a few comments.
- Make some requested comment changes.
- Make some requested macro changes.

* NOTE: the thing calling itself a 'unit test' is not yet a proper
unit test, but it helps me ensure things work. It may be a proper
unit test at some time in the future, but for now please don't make
any assumptions or hold any expectations.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D2025
Approved by: so (/dev/random blanket)

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Merge ^/head r284737 through r285152.

Huge cleanup of random(4) code.

* GENERAL
- Update copyright.
- Make kernel options for RANDOM_YARROW and RANDOM_DUMMY. Set
neither to ON, which means we want Fortuna
- If there is no 'device rand

Huge cleanup of random(4) code.

* GENERAL
- Update copyright.
- Make kernel options for RANDOM_YARROW and RANDOM_DUMMY. Set
neither to ON, which means we want Fortuna
- If there is no 'device random' in the kernel, there will be NO
random(4) device in the kernel, and the KERN_ARND sysctl will
return nothing. With RANDOM_DUMMY there will be a random(4) that
always blocks.
- Repair kern.arandom (KERN_ARND sysctl). The old version went
through arc4random(9) and was a bit weird.
- Adjust arc4random stirring a bit - the existing code looks a little
suspect.
- Fix the nasty pre- and post-read overloading by providing explictit
functions to do these tasks.
- Redo read_random(9) so as to duplicate random(4)'s read internals.
This makes it a first-class citizen rather than a hack.
- Move stuff out of locked regions when it does not need to be
there.
- Trim RANDOM_DEBUG printfs. Some are excess to requirement, some
behind boot verbose.
- Use SYSINIT to sequence the startup.
- Fix init/deinit sysctl stuff.
- Make relevant sysctls also tunables.
- Add different harvesting "styles" to allow for different requirements
(direct, queue, fast).
- Add harvesting of FFS atime events. This needs to be checked for
weighing down the FS code.
- Add harvesting of slab allocator events. This needs to be checked for
weighing down the allocator code.
- Fix the random(9) manpage.
- Loadable modules are not present for now. These will be re-engineered
when the dust settles.
- Use macros for locks.
- Fix comments.

* src/share/man/...
- Update the man pages.

* src/etc/...
- The startup/shutdown work is done in D2924.

* src/UPDATING
- Add UPDATING announcement.

* src/sys/dev/random/build.sh
- Add copyright.
- Add libz for unit tests.

* src/sys/dev/random/dummy.c
- Remove; no longer needed. Functionality incorporated into randomdev.*.

* live_entropy_sources.c live_entropy_sources.h
- Remove; content moved.
- move content to randomdev.[ch] and optimise.

* src/sys/dev/random/random_adaptors.c src/sys/dev/random/random_adaptors.h
- Remove; plugability is no longer used. Compile-time algorithm
selection is the way to go.

* src/sys/dev/random/random_harvestq.c src/sys/dev/random/random_harvestq.h
- Add early (re)boot-time randomness caching.

* src/sys/dev/random/randomdev_soft.c src/sys/dev/random/randomdev_soft.h
- Remove; no longer needed.

* src/sys/dev/random/uint128.h
- Provide a fake uint128_t; if a real one ever arrived, we can use
that instead. All that is needed here is N=0, N++, N==0, and some
localised trickery is used to manufacture a 128-bit 0ULLL.

* src/sys/dev/random/unit_test.c src/sys/dev/random/unit_test.h
- Improve unit tests; previously the testing human needed clairvoyance;
now the test will do a basic check of compressibility. Clairvoyant
talent is still a good idea.
- This is still a long way off a proper unit test.

* src/sys/dev/random/fortuna.c src/sys/dev/random/fortuna.h
- Improve messy union to just uint128_t.
- Remove unneeded 'static struct fortuna_start_cache'.
- Tighten up up arithmetic.
- Provide a method to allow eternal junk to be introduced; harden
it against blatant by compress/hashing.
- Assert that locks are held correctly.
- Fix the nasty pre- and post-read overloading by providing explictit
functions to do these tasks.
- Turn into self-sufficient module (no longer requires randomdev_soft.[ch])

* src/sys/dev/random/yarrow.c src/sys/dev/random/yarrow.h
- Improve messy union to just uint128_t.
- Remove unneeded 'staic struct start_cache'.
- Tighten up up arithmetic.
- Provide a method to allow eternal junk to be introduced; harden
it against blatant by compress/hashing.
- Assert that locks are held correctly.
- Fix the nasty pre- and post-read overloading by providing explictit
functions to do these tasks.
- Turn into self-sufficient module (no longer requires randomdev_soft.[ch])
- Fix some magic numbers elsewhere used as FAST and SLOW.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D2025
Reviewed by: vsevolod,delphij,rwatson,trasz,jmg
Approved by: so (delphij)

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