libc: Implement bsearch_s(), document bsearch_b(), and add unit tests

- Implement bsearch_s() as per §K.3.6.3.2 in C23, first specified
in C11. It behaves identically to bsearch(), except the cal

libc: Implement bsearch_s(), document bsearch_b(), and add unit tests

- Implement bsearch_s() as per §K.3.6.3.2 in C23, first specified
in C11. It behaves identically to bsearch(), except the callback
is called with a third argument, context, which is passed through
from the caller, and it also performs runtime constraint checking
on its arguments.
- Document bsearch_b(), bsearch_s(), and add history section
- Add rudimentary unit tests for bsearch(), bsearch_b(), and bsearch_s()

Reviewed by: dteske, fuz
Approved by: dteske (mentor), fuz (mentor)
MFC after: 1 month
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D58876

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