te
Copyright (c) 1980 Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution. Copyright (c) 2004, Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved Portions Copyright
(c) 1992, X/Open Company Limited All Rights Reserved
Sun Microsystems, Inc. gratefully acknowledges The Open Group for permission to reproduce portions of its copyrighted documentation. Original documentation from The Open Group can be obtained online at
http://www.opengroup.org/bookstore/.
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and The Open Group, have given us permission to reprint portions of their documentation. In the following statement, the phrase "this text" refers to portions of the system documentation. Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form in the Sun OS Reference Manual, from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2004 Edition, Standard for Information Technology -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 6, Copyright (C) 2001-2004 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group. In the event of any discrepancy between these versions and the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online at http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html.
This notice shall appear on any product containing this material.
getrusage - get information about resource utilization

#include <sys/resource.h>

int getrusage(int who, struct rusage *r_usage);

The getrusage() function provides measures of the resources used by the current process, its terminated and waited-for child processes, or the current light weight process (LWP). If the value of the who argument is RUSAGE_SELF, information is returned about resources used by the current process. If the value of the who argument is RUSAGE_CHILDREN, information is returned about resources used by the terminated and waited-for children of the current process. If the child is never waited for (for instance, if the parent has SA_NOCLDWAIT set or sets SIGCHLD to SIG_IGN), the resource information for the child process is discarded and not included in the resource information provided by getrusage(). If the value of the who argument is RUSAGE_LWP, information is returned about resources used by the current LWP.

The r_usage argument is a pointer to an object of type struct rusage in which the returned information is stored. The members of rusage are as follows:

struct timeval ru_utime; /* user time used */
struct timeval ru_stime; /* system time used */
long ru_maxrss; /* maximum resident set size */
long ru_idrss; /* integral resident set size */
long ru_minflt; /* page faults not requiring physical 
 I/O */
long ru_majflt; /* page faults requiring physical I/O */
long ru_nswap; /* swaps */
long ru_inblock; /* block input operations */
long ru_oublock; /* block output operations */
long ru_msgsnd; /* messages sent */
long ru_msgrcv; /* messages received */
long ru_nsignals; /* signals received */
long ru_nvcsw; /* voluntary context switches */
long ru_nivcsw; /* involuntary context switches */

The structure members are interpreted as follows:

ru_utime

ru_stime

ru_maxrss

ru_idrss

ru_minflt

ru_majflt

ru_nswap

ru_inblock

ru_oublock

ru_msgsnd

ru_msgrcv

ru_nsignals

ru_nvcsw

ru_nivcsw

Upon successful completion, getrusage() returns 0. Otherwise, -1 is returned and errno is set to indicate the error.

The getrusage() function will fail if:

EFAULT

EINVAL

See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:

ATTRIBUTE TYPE	ATTRIBUTE VALUE
Interface Stability	Standard

sar(1M), read(2), times(2), write(2), getpagesize(3C), gettimeofday(3C), wait(3C), attributes(5), standards(5)

The ru_maxrss, ru_ixrss, ru_idrss, and ru_isrss members of the rusage structure are set to 0 in this implementation.

The numbers ru_inblock and ru_oublock account only for real I/O, and are approximate measures at best. Data supplied by the cache mechanism is charged only to the first process to read and the last process to write the data.

The way resident set size is calculated is an approximation, and could misrepresent the true resident set size.

Page faults can be generated from a variety of sources and for a variety of reasons. The customary cause for a page fault is a direct reference by the program to a page which is not in memory. Now, however, the kernel can generate page faults on behalf of the user, for example, servicing read(2) and write(2) functions. Also, a page fault can be caused by an absent hardware translation to a page, even though the page is in physical memory.

In addition to hardware detected page faults, the kernel may cause pseudo page faults in order to perform some housekeeping. For example, the kernel may generate page faults, even if the pages exist in physical memory, in order to lock down pages involved in a raw I/O request.

By definition, major page faults require physical I/O, while minor page faults do not require physical I/O. For example, reclaiming the page from the free list would avoid I/O and generate a minor page fault. More commonly, minor page faults occur during process startup as references to pages which are already in memory. For example, if an address space faults on some "hot" executable or shared library, this results in a minor page fault for the address space. Also, any one doing a read(2) or write(2) to something that is in the page cache will get a minor page fault(s) as well.

There is no way to obtain information about a child process which has not yet terminated.