1# tzdb data for Australasia and environs, and for much of the Pacific 2 3# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 4# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 5 6# This file also includes Pacific islands. 7 8# Notes are at the end of this file 9 10############################################################################### 11 12# Australia 13 14# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 15 16# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 17Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 D 18Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 S 19Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 D 20Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 S 21Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 D 22Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S 23Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 D 24# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 25# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 26# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 27 28# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 29# Northern Territory 30Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 31 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 32 9:30 Aus AC%sT 33# Western Australia 34# 35# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 36Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 37Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 38Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 39Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 40Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 D 41Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 42Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 D 43Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 44Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 45Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 46 8:00 Aus AW%sT 1943 Jul 47 8:00 AW AW%sT 48Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 49 8:45 Aus +0845/+0945 1943 Jul 50 8:45 AW +0845/+0945 51 52# Queensland 53# 54# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 55# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 56# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 57# Queensland ceased to. 58# 59# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 60# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 61# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 62# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 63# so use Lindeman. 64# 65# From J William Piggott (2016-02-20): 66# There is no location named Holiday Islands in Queensland Australia; holiday 67# islands is a colloquial term used globally. Hayman and Lindeman are at the 68# north and south extremes of the Whitsunday Islands archipelago, and 69# Hamilton is in between; it is reasonable to believe that this time zone 70# applies to all of the Whitsundays. 71# http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/austn-islands 72# 73# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 74Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 75Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 76Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 77Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 78Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 79Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 80Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 81 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 82 10:00 AQ AE%sT 83Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 84 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 85 10:00 AQ AE%sT 1992 Jul 86 10:00 Holiday AE%sT 87 88# South Australia 89# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 90Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 91Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D 92Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 93Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S 94Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 95Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 96Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 S 97Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 S 98Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 S 99Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 S 100Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 101Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 S 102Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 103Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 104Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 105# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 106Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 107 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 108 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 109 9:30 AS AC%sT 110 111# Tasmania 112# 113# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 114# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml 115# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 116# 117# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 118Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 119Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 120Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 121Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 S 122Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 123Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 124Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 125Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 126Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D 127Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 128Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 D 129Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 130Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 131Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 132Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 133Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 134Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 135Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 136Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 137# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 138Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 139 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 140 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 141 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 142 10:00 AT AE%sT 143Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 144 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 145 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 146 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 Jul 147 10:00 AT AE%sT 148 149# Victoria 150# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 151Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 152Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 153Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 154Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 155Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D 156Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 157Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 158Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 159Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 160Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 161Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 162Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 163Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 164Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 165# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 166Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 167 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 168 10:00 AV AE%sT 169 170# New South Wales 171# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 172Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 173Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S 174Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 175Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 176Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 177Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 178Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D 179Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 180Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 181Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 182Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 183Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 184Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 185Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 186Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 187Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 188# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 189Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 190 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 191 10:00 AN AE%sT 192Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 193 10:00 - AEST 1896 Aug 23 194 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 195 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 196 9:30 AN AC%sT 2000 197 9:30 AS AC%sT 198 199# Lord Howe Island 200# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 201Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 202Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 203Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 204Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 205Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - 206Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 207Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 208Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 209Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 210Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 211Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 212Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 213Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 214Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 - 215Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 216 10:00 - AEST 1981 Mar 217 10:30 LH +1030/+1130 1985 Jul 218 10:30 LH +1030/+11 219 220# Australian miscellany 221# 222# Ashmore Is, Cartier 223# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 224# no times are set 225# 226# Coral Sea Is 227# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 228# no times are set 229# 230# Macquarie 231# Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948; 232# sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the 233# Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island 234# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828 235# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831 236# Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010. 237# 238# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10): 239# We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: 240# - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not 241# switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do 242# on 4 April. 243# 244# From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23): 245# The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics 246# will produce a binary file with an [A]EST-type as the first 32-bit type; 247# this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by 248# pre-2013 versions of localtime. 249Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - -00 1899 Nov 250 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 251 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 252 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1919 Apr 1 0:00s 253 0 - -00 1948 Mar 25 254 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 255 10:00 AT AE%sT 2010 Apr 4 3:00 256 11:00 - +11 257 258# Christmas 259# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 260Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 261 7:00 - +07 262 263# Cocos (Keeling) Is 264# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 265# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 266# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 267Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 268 6:30 - +0630 269 270 271# Fiji 272 273# Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva. 274 275# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): 276# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST 277# from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. 278# 279# "Daylight savings to commence this month" 280# http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 281# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html 282 283# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): 284# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved 285# amendments: 286# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml 287 288# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): 289# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on 290# 2010-03-28 at 03:00. 291# The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March 292# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). 293# 294# Official source: 295# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 296# 297# A bit more background info here: 298# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html 299 300# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): 301# According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 302# weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... 303# Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, 304# Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: 305# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 306# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html 307 308# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03): 309# Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date 310# assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong). 311# 312# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 313# which says 314# Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in 315# advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to 316# 2am on February 26 next year. 317 318# From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24) 319# Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for 320# Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22. 321# 322# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 323# states: 324# 325# The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012 326# has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012. 327# The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start 328# on the 23rd of October, 2011. 329 330# From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen: 331# The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate 332# today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st 333# October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013. 334# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155 335 336# From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler: 337# Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 ... 338# move clocks forward by one hour from 2am 339# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx 340 341# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-01-10): 342# Fiji will end DST on 2014-01-19 02:00: 343# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS-TO-END-THIS-MONTH-%281%29.aspx 344 345# From Ken Rylander (2014-10-20): 346# DST will start Nov. 2 this year. 347# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-NOVEMBER-2ND.aspx 348 349# From a government order dated 2015-08-26 and published as Legal Notice No. 77 350# in the Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 24 (2015-08-28), 351# via Ken Rylander (2015-09-02): 352# the daylight saving period is 1 hour in advance of the standard time 353# commencing at 2.00 am on Sunday 1st November, 2015 and ending at 354# 3.00 am on Sunday 17th January, 2016. 355 356# From Raymond Kumar (2016-10-04): 357# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-6th-NOVEMBER,-2016.aspx 358# "Fiji's daylight savings will begin on Sunday, 6 November 2016, when 359# clocks go forward an hour at 2am to 3am.... Daylight Saving will 360# end at 3.00am on Sunday 15th January 2017." 361 362# From Paul Eggert (2017-08-21): 363# Dominic Fok writes (2017-08-20) that DST ends 2018-01-14, citing 364# Extraordinary Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 21 (2017-08-27), 365# [Legal Notice No. 41] of an order of the previous day by J Usamate. 366 367# From Raymond Kumar (2018-07-13): 368# http://www.fijitimes.com/government-approves-2018-daylight-saving/ 369# ... The daylight saving period will end at 3am on Sunday January 13, 2019. 370# 371# From Paul Eggert (2018-07-15): 372# For now, guess DST from 02:00 the first Sunday in November to 03:00 373# the first Sunday on or after January 13. January transitions reportedly 374# depend on when school terms start. Although the guess is ad hoc, it matches 375# transitions since late 2014 and seems more likely to match future 376# practice than guessing no DST. 377 378# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 379Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - 380Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 381Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 - 382Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - 383Rule Fiji 2010 2013 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 - 384Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 385Rule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 - 386Rule Fiji 2014 only - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 - 387Rule Fiji 2014 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - 388Rule Fiji 2015 max - Jan Sun>=13 3:00 0 - 389# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 390Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 391 12:00 Fiji +12/+13 392 393# French Polynesia 394# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 395Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 396 -9:00 - -09 397Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 398 -9:30 - -0930 399Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 400 -10:00 - -10 401# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 402# it is uninhabited. 403 404# Guam 405# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 406Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 407 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 408 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 409 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 410Link Pacific/Guam Pacific/Saipan # N Mariana Is 411 412# Kiribati 413# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 414Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 415 12:00 - +12 416Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 417 -12:00 - -12 1979 Oct 418 -11:00 - -11 1994 Dec 31 419 13:00 - +13 420Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 421 -10:40 - -1040 1979 Oct 422 -10:00 - -10 1994 Dec 31 423 14:00 - +14 424 425# N Mariana Is 426# See Pacific/Guam. 427 428# Marshall Is 429# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 430Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 431 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct 432 12:00 - +12 433Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 434 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct 435 -12:00 - -12 1993 Aug 20 436 12:00 - +12 437 438# Micronesia 439# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 440Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 441 10:00 - +10 442Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 443 11:00 - +11 444Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 445 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct 446 12:00 - +12 1999 447 11:00 - +11 448 449# Nauru 450# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 451Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 452 11:30 - +1130 1942 Mar 15 453 9:00 - +09 1944 Aug 15 454 11:30 - +1130 1979 May 455 12:00 - +12 456 457# New Caledonia 458# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 459Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 - 460Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 461Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 - 462# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 463Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 464# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 465Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Nouméa 466 11:00 NC +11/+12 467 468 469############################################################################### 470 471# New Zealand 472 473# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 474Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 475Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 476Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 477Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 478Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 479Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 480Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 481# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but until 2018a 482# there was no documented single notation for the date and time of this 483# transition. Duplicate the Rule lines for now, to give the 2018a change 484# time to percolate out. 485Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 486Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 - 487Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 488Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 - 489Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 490Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 - 491Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 492Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 - 493Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 494Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 - 495Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 496Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 - 497Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 498Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 - 499Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 500Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 - 501Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 502Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 - 503# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 504Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 505 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 506 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 507Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 508 12:15 - +1215 1946 Jan 1 509 12:45 Chatham +1245/+1345 510 511Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo 512 513# Auckland Is 514# uninhabited; Māori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 515# and scientific personnel have wintered 516 517# Campbell I 518# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 519# scientific station operated 1941/1995; 520# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 521# was probably like Pacific/Auckland 522 523# Cook Is 524# From Shanks & Pottenger: 525# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 526Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 - 527Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 528Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 - 529# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 530Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 531 -10:30 - -1030 1978 Nov 12 532 -10:00 Cook -10/-0930 533 534############################################################################### 535 536 537# Niue 538# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 539Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 540 -11:20 - -1120 1951 541 -11:30 - -1130 1978 Oct 1 542 -11:00 - -11 543 544# Norfolk 545# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 546Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 547 11:12 - +1112 1951 548 11:30 - +1130 1974 Oct 27 02:00 549 11:30 1:00 +1230 1975 Mar 2 02:00 550 11:30 - +1130 2015 Oct 4 02:00 551 11:00 - +11 552 553# Palau (Belau) 554# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 555Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 556 9:00 - +09 557 558# Papua New Guinea 559# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 560Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 561 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 562 10:00 - +10 563# 564# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13): 565# Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have 566# the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War. 567# 568# Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for UT +09, these dates 569# are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns. 570# The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta. 571# The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942, 572# according to the Pacific War Online Encyclopedia 573# https://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm 574# and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender. 575# 576# The Autonomous Region of Bougainville switched from UT +10 to +11 577# on 2014-12-28 at 02:00. They call +11 "Bougainville Standard Time". 578# See: 579# http://www.bougainville24.com/bougainville-issues/bougainville-gets-own-timezone/ 580# 581Zone Pacific/Bougainville 10:22:16 - LMT 1880 582 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 583 10:00 - +10 1942 Jul 584 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 21 585 10:00 - +10 2014 Dec 28 2:00 586 11:00 - +11 587 588# Pitcairn 589# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 590Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 591 -8:30 - -0830 1998 Apr 27 0:00 592 -8:00 - -08 593 594# American Samoa 595Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1892 Jul 5 596 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 597 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 598Link Pacific/Pago_Pago Pacific/Midway # in US minor outlying islands 599 600# Samoa (formerly and also known as Western Samoa) 601 602# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): 603# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received 604# the following info: 605# 606# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year 607# commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first 608# Sunday of April 2011." 609# 610# Background info: 611# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html 612# 613# Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not 614# contain any dates: 615# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf 616 617# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): 618# Please see 619# http://www.mcil.gov.ws 620# the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday 621# September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight 622# to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks 623# backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" 624 625# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07): 626# [http://www.mcil.gov.ws/ftcd/daylight_saving_2011.pdf] 627# 628# ... when the standard time strikes the hour of four o'clock (4.00am 629# or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, then all instruments used to 630# measure standard time are to be adjusted/changed to three o'clock 631# (3:00am or 0300Hrs). 632 633# From David Zülke (2011-05-09): 634# Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line 635# 636# http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963 637 638# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-27): 639# The International Date Line Act 2011 640# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/images/ACTS/International_Date_Line_Act__2011_-_Eng.pdf 641# changed Samoa from UT -11 to +13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on 642# Thursday 29th December 2011". The International Date Line was adjusted 643# accordingly. 644 645# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02): 646# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 647# 648# here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change 649# 650# DST 651# Year End Time Start Time 652# 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am 653# 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - - 654# 655# Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011 656# Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours 657# Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours 658# 659# From Nicholas Pereira (2012-09-10): 660# Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and 661# ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013.... 662# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 663# 664# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08): 665# That web page currently lists transitions for 2012/3 and 2013/4. 666# Assume the pattern instituted in 2012 will continue indefinitely. 667 668# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 669Rule WS 2010 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1 - 670Rule WS 2011 only - Apr Sat>=1 4:00 0 - 671Rule WS 2011 only - Sep lastSat 3:00 1 - 672Rule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 - 673Rule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 - 674# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 675Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1892 Jul 5 676 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 677 -11:30 - -1130 1950 678 -11:00 WS -11/-10 2011 Dec 29 24:00 679 13:00 WS +13/+14 680 681# Solomon Is 682# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 683# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 684Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 685 11:00 - +11 686 687# Tokelau 688# 689# From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29) 690# A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping 691# December 31 this year ... 692# 693# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25) 694# ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking 695# about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13.... 696# Shanks says UT-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change 697# actually was to UT-11 back then. 698# 699# From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25) 700# A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of 701# Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948, 702# <https://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau 703# was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger 704# are off by an hour starting in 1901. 705 706# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 707Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 708 -11:00 - -11 2011 Dec 30 709 13:00 - +13 710 711# Tonga 712# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 713Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 - 714Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 715Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - 716Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 717Rule Tonga 2016 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - 718Rule Tonga 2017 only - Jan Sun>=15 3:00 0 - 719# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 720Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 721 12:20 - +1220 1941 722 13:00 - +13 1999 723 13:00 Tonga +13/+14 724 725# Tuvalu 726# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 727Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 728 12:00 - +12 729 730 731# US minor outlying islands 732 733# Howland, Baker 734# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British 735# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. 736# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; 737# uninhabited thereafter. 738# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT -10:30) in 1937; 739# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, 740# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). 741# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 742# until they were abandoned after the war. 743 744# Jarvis 745# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. 746# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; 747# uninhabited thereafter. 748# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 749 750# Johnston 751# 752# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10): 753# Sometimes Johnston kept Hawaii time, and sometimes it was an hour behind. 754# Details are uncertain. We have no data for Johnston after 1970, so 755# treat it like Hawaii for now. Since Johnston is now uninhabited, 756# its link to Pacific/Honolulu is in the 'backward' file. 757# 758# In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945 759# <http://www.315bw.org/Herb_Bach.htm> (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes, 760# "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM 761# Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time." This was in June 1945, and 762# confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945. 763# 764# From Lyle McElhaney (2014-03-11): 765# [W]hen JI was being used for that [atomic bomb] testing, the time being used 766# was not Hawaiian time but rather the same time being used on the ships, 767# which had a GMT offset of -11 hours. This apparently applied to at least the 768# time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last 769# Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin, 770# "The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the 771# Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976. 772# https://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf 773# See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a 774# footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time 775# Minus One Hour". 776 777# Kingman 778# uninhabited 779 780# Midway 781# See Pacific/Pago_Pago. 782 783# Palmyra 784# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 785 786# Wake 787# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 788Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 789 12:00 - +12 790 791 792# Vanuatu 793# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 794Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 - 795Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 796Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 - 797Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 - 798Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 799Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 - 800# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 801Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 802 11:00 Vanuatu +11/+12 803 804# Wallis and Futuna 805# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 806Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 807 12:00 - +12 808 809############################################################################### 810 811# NOTES 812 813# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 814# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 815# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 816# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 817 818# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10): 819# 820# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 821# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 822# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 823# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 824# 825# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source 826# for time zone data was the International Air Transport 827# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 828# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 829# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 830# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 831# 832# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 833# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 834# I found in the UCLA library. 835# 836# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 837# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 838# https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 839# 840# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 841# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 842# 843# The following abbreviations are from other sources. 844# Corrections are welcome! 845# std dst 846# LMT Local Mean Time 847# 8:00 AWST AWDT Western Australia 848# 9:30 ACST ACDT Central Australia 849# 10:00 AEST AEDT Eastern Australia 850# 10:00 GST Guam through 2000 851# 10:00 ChST Chamorro 852# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 853# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 854# -11:00 SST Samoa 855# -10:00 HST Hawaii 856# 857# See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii. 858# See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galápagos Is. 859 860############################################################################### 861 862# Australia 863 864# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 865# Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting 866# region against region, rural against urban, and local against global. 867# For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving 868# Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native 869# Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was 870# very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a 871# Melbourne-based study) replete with the usual chuckleheaded 872# Queenslanders and straw-chewing yokels from the West prattling fables 873# about fading curtains and crazed farm animals." 874# Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History (1997-03-03) 875# http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/reviews/davison.htm 876 877# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 878# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 879# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml 880# summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 881 882# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 883# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 884# http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving 885# covers New South Wales in particular. 886 887# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 888# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as 'daylight' time. 889# It is called 'summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, 'summer' 890# and 'standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 891# abbreviation does _not_ change... 892# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 893# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 894# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 895# the phrase 'summer time' and does not use the phrase 'daylight 896# time'. 897# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 898# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases 'Eastern Standard Time' 899# or 'Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 900# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 901# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 902# prefixed by the word 'Australian' when referring to local times; 903# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 904 905# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 906# 907# Inspired by Mackin's remarks quoted above, earlier versions of this 908# file used "EST" for both Eastern Standard Time and Eastern Summer 909# Time in Australia, and similarly for "CST", "CWST", and "WST". 910# However, these abbreviations were confusing and were not common 911# practice among Australians, and there were justifiable complaints 912# about them, so I attempted to survey current Australian usage. 913# For the tz database, the full English phrase is not that important; 914# what matters is the abbreviation. It's difficult to survey the web 915# directly for abbreviation usage, as there are so many false hits for 916# strings like "EST" and "EDT", so I looked for pages that defined an 917# abbreviation for eastern or central DST in Australia, and got the 918# following numbers of unique hits for the listed Google queries: 919# 920# 10 "Eastern Daylight Time AEST" site:au [some are false hits] 921# 10 "Eastern Summer Time AEST" site:au 922# 10 "Summer Time AEDT" site:au 923# 13 "EDST Eastern Daylight Saving Time" site:au 924# 18 "Summer Time ESST" site:au 925# 28 "Eastern Daylight Saving Time EDST" site:au 926# 39 "EDT Eastern Daylight Time" site:au [some are false hits] 927# 53 "Eastern Daylight Time EDT" site:au [some are false hits] 928# 54 "AEDT Australian Eastern Daylight Time" site:au 929# 182 "Eastern Daylight Time AEDT" site:au 930# 931# 17 "Central Daylight Time CDT" site:au [some are false hits] 932# 46 "Central Daylight Time ACDT" site:au 933# 934# I tried several other variants (e.g., "Eastern Summer Time EST") but 935# they all returned fewer than 10 unique hits. I also looked for pages 936# mentioning both "western standard time" and an abbreviation, since 937# there is no WST in the US to generate false hits, and found: 938# 939# 156 "western standard time" AWST site:au 940# 226 "western standard time" WST site:au 941# 942# I then surveyed the top ten newspapers in Australia by circulation as 943# listed in Wikipedia, using Google queries like "AEDT site:heraldsun.com.au" 944# and obtaining estimated counts from the initial page of search results. 945# All ten papers greatly preferred "AEDT" to "EDT". The papers 946# surveyed were the Herald Sun, The Daily Telegraph, The Courier-Mail, 947# The Sydney Morning Herald, The West Australian, The Age, The Advertiser, 948# The Australian, The Financial Review, and The Herald (Newcastle). 949# 950# I also searched for historical usage, to see whether abbreviations 951# like "AEDT" are new. A Trove search <http://trove.nla.gov.au/> 952# found only one newspaper (The Canberra Times) with a house style 953# dating back to the 1970s, I expect because other newspapers weren't 954# fully indexed. The Canberra Times strongly preferred abbreviations 955# like "AEDT". The first occurrence of "AEDT" was a World Weather 956# column (1971-11-17, page 24), and of "ACDT" was a Scoreboard column 957# (1993-01-24, p 16). The style was the typical usage but was not 958# strictly enforced; for example, "Welcome to the twilight zones ..." 959# (1994-10-29, p 1) uses the abbreviations AEST/AEDT, CST/CDT, and 960# WST, and goes on to say, "The confusion and frustration some feel 961# about the lack of uniformity among Australia's six states and two 962# territories has prompted one group to form its very own political 963# party -- the Sydney-based Daylight Saving Extension Party." 964# 965# I also surveyed federal government sources. They did not agree: 966# 967# The Australian Government (2014-03-26) 968# http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/time 969# (This document was produced by the Department of Finance.) 970# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT 971# 972# Bureau of Meteorology (2012-11-08) 973# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml 974# EST CST WST EDT CDT 975# 976# Civil Aviation Safety Authority (undated) 977# http://services.casa.gov.au/outnback/inc/pages/episode3/episode-3_time_zones.shtml 978# EST CST WST (no abbreviations given for DST) 979# 980# Geoscience Australia (2011-11-24) 981# http://www.ga.gov.au/geodesy/astro/sunrise.jsp 982# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT 983# 984# Parliamentary Library (2008-11-10) 985# https://www.aph.gov.au/binaries/library/pubs/rp/2008-09/09rp14.pdf 986# EST CST WST preferred for standard time; AEST AEDT ACST ACDT also used 987# 988# The Transport Safety Bureau has an extensive series of accident reports, 989# and investigators seem to use whatever abbreviation they like. 990# Googling site:atsb.gov.au found the following number of unique hits: 991# 311 "ESuT", 195 "EDT", 26 "AEDT", 83 "CSuT", 46 "CDT". 992# "_SuT" tended to appear in older reports, and "A_DT" tended to 993# appear in reports of events with international implications. 994# 995# From the above it appears that there is a working consensus in 996# Australia to use trailing "DT" for daylight saving time; although 997# some sources use trailing "SST" or "ST" or "SuT" they are by far in 998# the minority. The case for leading "A" is weaker, but since it 999# seems to be preferred in the overall web and is preferred in all 1000# the leading newspaper websites and in many government departments, 1001# it has a stronger case than omitting the leading "A". The current 1002# version of the database therefore uses abbreviations like "AEST" and 1003# "AEDT" for Australian time zones. 1004 1005# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 1006# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1007# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 1008# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 1009# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 1010# and perhaps the newspaper's '2:00' is referring to standard time. 1011# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 1012 1013# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 1014# 1015# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 1016# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 1017# relevant entries in this database. 1018# 1019# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 1020# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 1021# https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html 1022# ACT 1023# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 1024# https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html 1025# SA 1026# Standard Time Act, 1898 1027# https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html 1028 1029# From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 1030# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 1031# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 1032# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 1033# in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 1034# 1035# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 1036# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 1037# to extend DST together in 2006. 1038# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 1039# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 1040# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 1041# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 1042# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 1043# allude to it. 1044# But not Queensland 1045# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html 1046 1047# Northern Territory 1048 1049# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1050# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 1051# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1052# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 1053# ... 1054# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 1055 1056# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1057# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1058# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 1059 1060# Western Australia 1061 1062# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1063# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 1064# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1065# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 1066# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 1067# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 1068# # before reaching parliament. 1069# ... 1070# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 1071# ... 1072# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1073# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1074# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1075# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1076 1077# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1078# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1079# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 1080 1081# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 1082# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 1083# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 1084# work at 9.00am.) 1085# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 1086# everybody again. 1087 1088# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1089# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 1090# it matches what was used in the past. 1091 1092# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 1093# http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm 1094# (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 1095# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 1096 1097# From Paul Eggert (2018-04-01): 1098# The Guardian Express of Perth, Australia reported today that the 1099# government decided to advance the clocks permanently on January 1, 1100# 2019, from UT +08 to UT +09. The article noted that an exemption 1101# would be made for people aged 61 and over, who "can apply in writing 1102# to have the extra hour of sunshine removed from their area." See: 1103# Daylight saving coming to WA in 2019. Guardian Express. 2018-04-01. 1104# https://www.communitynews.com.au/guardian-express/news/exclusive-daylight-savings-coming-wa-summer-2018/ 1105 1106# Queensland 1107 1108# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-26): 1109# I lack access to the following source for Queensland DST: 1110# Pearce C. History of daylight saving time in Queensland. 1111# Queensland Hist J. 2017 Aug;23(6):389-403 1112# https://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=994682348436426;res=IELHSS 1113 1114# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1115# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 1116# # [ Dec 1990 ] 1117# ... 1118# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 1119# ... 1120# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1121# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 1122# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1123# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 1124 1125# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 1126# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 1127# October 1989). 1128 1129# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1130# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1131# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1132# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1133 1134# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 1135# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 1136# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 1137# me.) 1138 1139# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 1140# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 1141# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 1142# ... 1143# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1144# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1145# ... 1146 1147# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1148# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 1149 1150# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 1151# from Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 1152# WA are trialing DST for three years. 1153# http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf 1154 1155# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 1156# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 1157# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 1158# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 1159# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 1160# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 1161# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 1162# Australia and Western Australia.... 1163# 1164# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 1165# This is confirmed by the section entitled 1166# "What's the deal with time zones???" in 1167# http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html 1168# 1169# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 1170# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 1171# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 1172# coast of the continent. 1173# 1174# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 1175# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 1176# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 1177# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 1178# the largest population centre in this zone.... 1179# 1180# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 1181# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 1182# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 1183# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 1184# 1185# (2006-12-09): 1186# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 1187# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 1188# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 1189# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 1190 1191# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 1192# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 1193# introduction of standard time in 1895. 1194 1195 1196# southeast Australia 1197# 1198# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1199# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT 1200# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. 1201# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html 1202 1203 1204# South Australia 1205 1206# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1207# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1208# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1209# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1210 1211# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1212# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 1213# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1214# ... 1215# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 1216# ... 1217# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1218# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1219# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 1220# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1221 1222# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 1223# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 1224# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 1225# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 1226 1227# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 1228# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 1229# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 1230# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 1231# is on... 1232 1233# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 1234# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 1235# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 1236# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 1237 1238# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 1239# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 1240# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 1241# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 1242 1243# From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 1244# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 1245# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 1246# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 1247 1248# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1249# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1250 1251# Tasmania 1252 1253# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1254# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1255# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1256# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1257 1258# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 1259# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 1260# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 1261# (but nothing new about that). 1262 1263# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 1264# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 1265# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 1266# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 1267# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 1268# instead of the first Sunday in October. 1269 1270# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 1271# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 1272 1273# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1274# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1275 1276# Victoria 1277 1278# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1279# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1280# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1281# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1282 1283# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 1284# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 1285# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 1286# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 1287# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 1288# in Melbourne, Australia. 1289# 1290# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 1291# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 1292# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 1293# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 1294# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 1295# expected time. 1296# 1297# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 1298# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 1299# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 1300# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 1301# 1302# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 1303# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 1304 1305# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1306# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1307 1308# New South Wales 1309 1310# From Arthur David Olson: 1311# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 1312# Based on law library research by John Mackin, 1313# who notes: 1314# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 1315# individual states. Thus, while such terms as "Eastern Standard Time" 1316# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 1317# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 1318# legislation. This is very important to understand. 1319# I have researched New South Wales time only... 1320 1321# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 1322# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 1323# October in 2000. See: Matthew Moore, 1324# Two months more daylight saving, Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26). 1325# http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html 1326 1327# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 1328# See the following official NSW source: 1329# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 1330# http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ 1331# 1332# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 1333# daylight saving next year. See: 1334# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 1335# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm 1336# (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 1337# 1338# Victoria will follow NSW. See: 1339# Vic to extend daylight saving (1999-07-28) 1340# http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm 1341# 1342# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 1343# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request (1999-07-19) 1344# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm 1345# 1346# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 1347# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 1348# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm 1349# (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 1350# "Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 1351# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 1352# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 1353# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 1354# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules." 1355# 1356# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 1357# Broken Hill to be behind the times (1999-07-21) 1358# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm 1359 1360# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 1361# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 1362# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 1363 1364# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 1365# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 1366# towns to use Queensland time. 1367 1368# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1369# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1370 1371# Yancowinna 1372 1373# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 1374# 'Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 1375 1376# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1377# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 1378# # [ Dec 1990 ] 1379# ... 1380# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 1381# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 1382# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 1383# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 1384# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 1385# # presently available. 1386# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 1387# ... 1388# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1389# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 1390# [followed by other Rules] 1391 1392# Lord Howe Island 1393 1394# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1395# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 1396# [ Dec 1990 ] 1397# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 1398# hour ahead of NSW time. 1399 1400# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 1401# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 1402# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 1403# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 1404# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 1405# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1406# instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents 1407# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 1408# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 1409# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 1410 1411# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 1412# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 1413# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 1414# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 1415# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 1416# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 1417 1418# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1419# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1420# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 1421 1422# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1423# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1424 1425# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): 1426# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight 1427# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 1428# summer (southern hemisphere). 1429# 1430# From 1431# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf 1432# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling 1433# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. 1434# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each 1435# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. 1436# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia 1437# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and 1438# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... 1439# 1440# We have a wrap-up here: 1441# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html 1442############################################################################### 1443 1444# New Zealand 1445 1446# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 1447# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 1448# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 1449# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 1450# source - phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 1451 1452# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1453# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 1454# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1455# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 1456# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1457# ... 1458# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1459# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1460# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1461# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 1462# ... 1463# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 1464# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 1465 1466# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1467# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 1468# rather than the October 1 value. 1469 1470# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1471# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1472# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 1473# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 1474# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 1475# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 1476# 1477# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1478# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1479# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.html for the full references. 1480# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1481# 1482# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1483# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1484# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 1485 1486# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1487# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1488# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1489# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1490# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1491 1492# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-14): 1493# Chatham Island time was formally standardized on 1957-01-01 by 1494# New Zealand's Standard Time Amendment Act 1956 (1956-10-26). 1495# https://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/legis/hist_act/staa19561956n100244.pdf 1496# According to Google Books snippet view, a speaker in the New Zealand 1497# parliamentary debates in 1956 said "Clause 78 makes provision for standard 1498# time in the Chatham Islands. The time there is 45 minutes in advance of New 1499# Zealand time. I understand that is the time they keep locally, anyhow." 1500# For now, assume this practice goes back to the introduction of standard time 1501# in New Zealand, as this would make Chatham Islands time almost exactly match 1502# LMT back when New Zealand was at UT +11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did 1503# not observe New Zealand's prewar DST. 1504 1505############################################################################### 1506 1507 1508# Fiji 1509 1510# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 1511# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 1512# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 1513 1514# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 1515# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 1516# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 1517# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 1518 1519# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 1520# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 1521 1522# From the BBC World Service in 1523# http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC): 1524# The Fijian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1525# improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also 1526# intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning 1527# of the new millennium. 1528 1529# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 1530# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 1531 1532 1533# Kiribati 1534 1535# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1536# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1537# "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995" 1538# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 1539 1540# From Kerry Shetline (2018-02-03): 1541# December 31 was the day that was skipped, so that the transition 1542# would be from Friday December 30, 1994 to Sunday January 1, 1995. 1543# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-04): 1544# One source for this is page 202 of: Bartky IR. One Time Fits All: 1545# The Campaigns for Global Uniformity (2007). 1546 1547# Kwajalein 1548 1549# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 1550# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 1551# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 1552# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 1553# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 1554 1555 1556# N Mariana Is, Guam 1557 1558# Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 1559# Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones 1560# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 1561# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 1562# see Asia/Manila. 1563 1564# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UT +10 the official standard time, 1565# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 1566# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 1567# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 1568 1569 1570# Micronesia 1571 1572# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 1573# "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk' 1574# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10." 1575# 1576# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UT +10 to +11 1577# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 1578 1579# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 1580# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1581# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26) 1582# http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html 1583# that Truk and Yap are UT +10, and Ponape and Kosrae are +11. 1584# We don't know when Kosrae switched from +12; assume January 1 for now. 1585 1586 1587# Midway 1588 1589# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1590# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1591# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1592# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1593# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1594# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1595# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1596# air at 6am your time. 1597# 1598# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1599# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1600# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1601# in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1602 1603# Norfolk 1604 1605# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2015-09-23): 1606# Norfolk Island will change ... from +1130 to +1100: 1607# https://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2015L01483/Explanatory%20Statement/Text 1608# ... at 12.30 am (by legal time in New South Wales) on 4 October 2015. 1609# http://www.norfolkisland.gov.nf/nia/MediaRelease/Media%20Release%20Norfolk%20Island%20Standard%20Time%20Change.pdf 1610 1611# From Paul Eggert (2015-09-23): 1612# Transitions before 2015 are from timeanddate.com, which consulted 1613# the Norfolk Island Museum and the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's 1614# Norfolk Island station, and found no record of Norfolk observing DST 1615# other than in 1974/5. See: 1616# https://www.timeanddate.com/time/australia/norfolk-island.html 1617 1618# Pitcairn 1619 1620# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 1621# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 1622# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 1623# 1624# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 1625# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 1626# as Pitcairn Standard Time. 1627# 1628# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 1629# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 1630# somehow in light of this proclamation. 1631 1632# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 1633# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 1634# ... at midnight. 1635 1636# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 1637# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 1638# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be ½ hour different from us here in 1639# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 1640 1641 1642# (Western) Samoa and American Samoa 1643 1644# Howse writes (p 153) that after the 1879 standardization on Antipodean 1645# time by the British governor of Fiji, the King of Samoa decided to change 1646# "the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 1647# ordaining - by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery - that 1648# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year." 1649# This happened in 1892, according to the Evening News (Sydney) of 1892-07-20. 1650# https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl.htm 1651 1652# Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UT -11:30 1653# in 1911, and to -11 in 1950. many earlier sources give -11 1654# for American Samoa, e.g., the US National Bureau of Standards 1655# circular "Standard Time Throughout the World", 1932. 1656# Assume American Samoa switched to -11 in 1911, not 1950, 1657# and that after 1950 they agreed until (western) Samoa skipped a 1658# day in 2011. Assume also that the Samoas follow the US and New 1659# Zealand's "ST"/"DT" style of daylight-saving abbreviations. 1660 1661 1662# Tonga 1663 1664# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1665# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting 1666# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time." 1667# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 1668 1669# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 1670# How Tonga became 'The Land where Time Begins': 1671# http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm 1672# 1673# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 1674# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 1675# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 1676# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 1677# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13° 1678# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 1679# 1680# Because His Majesty King Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 1681# Tungī, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 1682# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 1683# 1684# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 1685# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 1686# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 1687# minutes we have lost?" 1688# 1689# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 1690# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 1691# to say your prayers in the morning." 1692 1693# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1694# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 1695 1696# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 1697# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium 1698# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 1699# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 1700# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 1701# Government. 1702 1703# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1704# * Tonga will introduce DST in November 1705# 1706# I was given this link by John Letts: 1707# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 1708# 1709# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 1710# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 1711# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 1712# (12 + 1 hour DST). 1713 1714# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 1715# According to <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html>: 1716# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 1717# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 1718# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 1719# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 1720# set back an hour on the closing date." 1721# Alas, no indication of the time of day. 1722 1723# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 1724# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 1725# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 1726 1727# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 1728# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 1729# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 1730# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 1731# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 1732# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 1733# (Original URL was <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm>) 1734 1735# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 1736# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 1737 1738# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 1739# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 1740# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 1741# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 1742# hour to 1:00am. 1743 1744# From Pulu ʻAnau (2002-11-05): 1745# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 1746 1747# From Pulu ʻAnau (2016-10-27): 1748# http://mic.gov.to/news-today/press-releases/6375-daylight-saving-set-to-run-from-6-november-2016-to-15-january-2017 1749# Cannot find anyone who knows the rules, has seen the duration or has seen 1750# the cabinet decision, but it appears we are following Fiji's rule set. 1751# 1752# From Tim Parenti (2016-10-26): 1753# Assume Tonga will observe DST from the first Sunday in November at 02:00 1754# through the third Sunday in January at 03:00, like Fiji, for now. 1755 1756# From David Wade (2017-10-18): 1757# In August government was disolved by the King. The current prime minister 1758# continued in office in care taker mode. It is easy to see that few 1759# decisions will be made until elections 16th November. 1760# 1761# From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18): 1762# For now, guess that DST is discontinued. That's what the IATA is guessing. 1763 1764 1765# Wake 1766 1767# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1768# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1769# 1770# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the 1771# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1772# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1773# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1774# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1775# impossible. 1776# 1777# https://www.trumanlibrary.org/oralhist/andrsonv.htm 1778 1779# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1780# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1781 1782############################################################################### 1783 1784# The International Date Line 1785 1786# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 1787# 1788# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 1789# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 1790# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 1791# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 1792# 1793# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 1794# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 1795# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 1796# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 1797# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 1798# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1799# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 1800# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 1801# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 1802# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 1803# correct date is ambiguous. 1804 1805# From Wikipedia <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 1806# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 1807# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 1808# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 1809# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 1810# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 1811# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 1812# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 1813# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 1814# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 1815# entry into another zone time - he often chose midnight. These zones were 1816# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 1817# independent merchant ships until World War II. 1818 1819# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 1820# (2005-03-20): 1821# 1822# The American Practical Navigator (2002) 1823# http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187 1824# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 1825# international waters; it ignores the international date line. 1826