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/etc/pam.conf
pam.conf is the configuration file for the Pluggable Authentication Module architecture, or PAM. A PAM module provides functionality for one or more of four possible services: authentication, account management, session management, and password management.
authentication service module
Provides functionality to authenticate a user and set up user credentials.
account management module
Provides functionality to determine if the current user's account is valid. This includes checking for password and account expiration, as well as verifying access hour restrictions.
session management module
Provides functionality to set up and terminate login sessions.
password management module
Provides functionality to change a user's authentication token or password.
Each of the four service modules can be implemented as a shared library object which can be referenced in the pam.conf configuration file.
The pam.conf file contains a listing of services. Each service is paired with a corresponding service module. When a service is requested, its associated module is invoked. Each entry may be a maximum of 256 characters, including the end of line, and has the following format:
service_name module_type control_flag module_path options
The following is an example of a pam.conf configuration file with support for authentication, account management, session management and password management modules (See the pam.conf file that is shipped with your system for the contents of this file):
login auth requisite pam_authtok_get.so.1 login auth required pam_dhkeys.so.1 login auth required pam_unix_auth.so.1 login auth required pam_dial_auth.so.1 other account requisite pam_roles.so.1 other account required pam_unix_account.so.1 other session required pam_unix_session.so.1 other password required pam_dhkeys.so.1 other password requisite pam_authtok_get.so.1 other password requisite pam_authtok_check.so.1 other password required pam_authtok_store.so.1
service_name denotes the service (for example, login, dtlogin, or rlogin).
The keyword, "other," indicates the module that all other applications which have not been specified should use. The "other" keyword can also be used if all services of the same module_type have the same requirements.
In the example, since all of the services use the same session module, they could have been replaced by a single other line.
module_type denotes the service module type: authentication (auth), account management (account), session management (session), or password management (password).
The control_flag field determines the behavior of stacking.
The module_path field specifies the relative pathname to a shared library object, or an included PAM configuration file, which implements the service functionality. If the pathname is not absolute, shared library objects are assumed to be relative to /usr/lib/security/$ISA/, and included PAM configuration files are assumed to be relative to /usr/lib/security/.
The ISA token is replaced by an implementation defined directory name which defines the path relative to the calling program's instruction set architecture.
The options field is used by the PAM framework layer to pass module specific options to the modules. It is up to the module to parse and interpret the options.
This field can be used by the modules to turn on debugging or to pass any module specific parameters such as a TIMEOUT value. The options supported by the modules are documented in their respective manual pages.
When a service_name of the same module_type is defined more than once, the service is said to be stacked. Each module referenced in the module_path for that service is then processed in the order that it occurs in the configuration file. The control_flag field specifies the continuation and failure semantics of the modules, and can contain one of the following values:
binding
If the service module returns success and no preceding required modules returned failures, immediately return success without calling any subsequent modules. If a failure is returned, treat the failure as a required module failure, and continue to process the PAM stack.
include
Process the lines from the PAM configuration file that is specified in the module_path at this point in the PAM stack. The ``other'' keyword is used if the specified service_name is not found. 32 levels of included PAM configuration files are supported. Any options are ignored.
optional
If the service module returns success, record the success, and continue to process the PAM stack. If a failure is returned, and it is the first optional module failure, save the failure code as an optional failure. Continue to process the PAM stack.
required
If the service module returns success, record the success, and continue to process the PAM stack. If a failure is returned, and it is the first required failure, save the failure code as a required failure. Continue to process the PAM stack.
requisite
If the service module returns success, record the success, and continue to process the PAM stack. If a failure is returned, immediately return the first non-optional failure value recorded without calling any subsequent modules. That is, return this failure unless a previous required service module failed. If a previous required service module failed, then return the first of those values.
sufficient
If the service module return success and no preceding required modules returned failures, immediately return success without calling any subsequent modules. If a failure is returned, treat the failure as an optional module failure, and continue to process the PAM stack.
If the PAM stack runs to completion, that is, neither a requisite module failed, nor a binding or sufficient module success stops it, success is returned if no required modules failed and at least one required, requisite, optional module succeeded. If no module succeeded and a required or binding module failed, the first of those errors is returned. If no required or binding module failed and an optional module failed, the first of the option module errors is returned. If no module in the stack succeeded or failed, that is, all modules returned an ignore status, a default error based on module type, for example, "User account expired," is returned.
All errors in pam.conf entries are logged to syslog as LOG_AUTH | LOG_ERR errors. The use of a service with an error noted in the pam.conf entry for that service will fail. The system administrator will need to correct the noted errors before that service may be used. If no services are available or the pam.conf file is missing, the system administrator may enter system maintenance mode to correct or restore the file.
The following is a sample configuration file that stacks the su, login, and rlogin services.
su auth required pam_inhouse.so.1 su auth requisite pam_authtok_get.so.1 su auth required pam_dhkeys.so.1 su auth required pam_unix_auth.so.1 login auth requisite pam_authtok_get.so.1 login auth required pam_dhkeys.so.1 login auth required pam_unix_auth.so.1 login auth required pam_dial_auth.so.1 login auth optional pam_inhouse.so.1 rlogin auth sufficient pam_rhosts_auth.so.1 rlogin auth requisite pam_authtok_get.so.1 rlogin auth required pam_dhkeys.so.1 rlogin auth required pam_unix_auth.so.1
In the case of su, the user is authenticated by the inhouse and authtok_get, dhkeys, and unix_auth authentication modules. Because the inhouse and the other authentication modules are required and requisite, respectively, an error is returned back to the application if any module fails. In addition, if the requisite authentication (pam_authtok_get authentication) fails, the other authentication modules are never invoked, and the error is returned immediately back to the application.
In the case of login, the required keyword for control_flag requires that the user be allowed to login only if the user is authenticated by all the service modules. If pam_unix_auth authentication fails, control continues to proceed down the stack, and the inhouse authentication module is invoked. inhouse authentication is optional by virtue of the optional keyword in the control_flag field. The user can still log in even if inhouse authentication fails, assuming the modules stacked above succeeded.
In the case of rlogin, the sufficient keyword for control_flag specifies that if the rhosts authentication check succeeds, then PAM should return success to rlogin and rlogin should not prompt the user for a password. The other authentication modules, which are in the stack, will only be invoked if the rhosts check fails. This gives the system administrator the flexibility to determine if rhosts alone is sufficient enough to authenticate a remote user.
Some modules return PAM_IGNORE in certain situations. In these cases the PAM framework ignores the entire entry in pam.conf regardless of whether or not it is binding, requisite, required, optional, or sufficient.
The specific service names and module types for each service should be documented in the man page for that service. For instance, the sshd(1M) man page lists all of the PAM service names and module types for the sshd command.
The PAM configuration file does not dictate either the name or the location of the service specific modules. The convention, however, is the following:
File that implements various function of specific authentication services. As the relative pathname specified, /usr/lib/security/$ISA is prepended to it.
Configuration file
/usr/lib/$ISA/libpam.so.1
File that implements the PAM framework library
Example 1 Using the include control flag
The following example collects the common Unix modules into a single file to be included as needed in the example of a pam.conf file. The common Unix module file is named unix_common and consists of:
OTHER auth requisite pam_authtok_get.so.1 OTHER auth required pam_dhkeys.so.1 OTHER auth required pam_unix_auth.so.1 OTHER auth required pam_unix_cred.so.1 OTHER account requisite pam_roles.so.1 OTHER account required pam_unix_account.so.1 OTHER session required pam_unix_session.so.1 OTHER password required pam_dhkeys.so.1 OTHER password requisite pam_authtok_get.so.1 OTHER password requisite pam_authtok_check.so.1 OTHER password required pam_authtok_store.so.1
The pam.conf file and consists of:
# Authentication management # # login service (explicit because of pam_dial_auth) # login auth include unix_common login auth required pam_dial_auth.so.1 # # rlogin service (explicit because of pam_rhost_auth) # rlogin auth sufficient pam_rhosts_auth.so.1 rlogin auth include unix_common # # Default definitions for Authentication management # Used when service name is not explicitly mentioned # OTHER auth include unix_common # # Default definition for Account management # Used when service name is not explicitly mentioned # OTHER account include unix_common # # Default definition for Session management # Used when service name is not explicitly mentioned # OTHER session include unix_common # # Default definition for Password management # Used when service name is not explicitly mentioned # OTHER password include unix_common
See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:
| ATTRIBUTE TYPE | ATTRIBUTE VALUE |
| Interface Stability | See Below. |
The format is Stable. The contents has no stability attributes.
login(1), passwd(1), in.ftpd(1M), in.rlogind(1M), in.rshd(1M), in.telnetd(1M), in.uucpd(1M), init(1M), rpc.rexd(1M), sac(1M), ttymon(1M), su(1M), pam(3PAM), syslog(3C), libpam(3LIB), attributes(5), environ(5), pam_authtok_check(5), pam_authtok_get(5), pam_authtok_store(5), pam_dhkeys(5), pam_krb5(5), pam_passwd_auth(5), pam_unix_account(5), pam_unix_auth(5), pam_unix_session(5)
The pam_unix module is no longer supported. Similar functionality is provided by pam_authtok_check(5), pam_authtok_get(5), pam_authtok_store(5), pam_dhkeys(5), pam_passwd_auth(5), pam_unix_account(5), pam_unix_auth(5), and pam_unix_session(5).
With the removal of the pam_unix module, the SunOS delivered PAM service modules no longer need or support the "use_first_pass" or "try_first_pass" options. This functionality is provided by stacking pam_authtok_get(5) above a module that requires a password.