199b44c3bSlianep /* 299b44c3bSlianep * CDDL HEADER START 399b44c3bSlianep * 499b44c3bSlianep * The contents of this file are subject to the terms of the 599b44c3bSlianep * Common Development and Distribution License (the "License"). 699b44c3bSlianep * You may not use this file except in compliance with the License. 799b44c3bSlianep * 899b44c3bSlianep * You can obtain a copy of the license at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE 999b44c3bSlianep * or http://www.opensolaris.org/os/licensing. 1099b44c3bSlianep * See the License for the specific language governing permissions 1199b44c3bSlianep * and limitations under the License. 1299b44c3bSlianep * 1399b44c3bSlianep * When distributing Covered Code, include this CDDL HEADER in each 1499b44c3bSlianep * file and include the License file at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE. 1599b44c3bSlianep * If applicable, add the following below this CDDL HEADER, with the 1699b44c3bSlianep * fields enclosed by brackets "[]" replaced with your own identifying 1799b44c3bSlianep * information: Portions Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner] 1899b44c3bSlianep * 1999b44c3bSlianep * CDDL HEADER END 2099b44c3bSlianep */ 2199b44c3bSlianep /* 22*aca380d7SRenaud Manus * Copyright 2008 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2399b44c3bSlianep * Use is subject to license terms. 2499b44c3bSlianep */ 2599b44c3bSlianep 2699b44c3bSlianep 2799b44c3bSlianep /* 2899b44c3bSlianep * transition.c - Graph State Machine 2999b44c3bSlianep * 3099b44c3bSlianep * The graph state machine is implemented here, with a typical approach 3199b44c3bSlianep * of a function per state. Separating the implementation allows more 3299b44c3bSlianep * clarity into the actions taken on notification of state change, as well 3399b44c3bSlianep * as a place for future expansion including hooks for configurable actions. 3499b44c3bSlianep * All functions are called with dgraph_lock held. 3599b44c3bSlianep * 3699b44c3bSlianep * The start action for this state machine is not explicit. The states 3756e23938Sbustos * (ONLINE and DEGRADED) which need to know when they're entering the state 3899b44c3bSlianep * due to a daemon restart implement this understanding by checking for 3999b44c3bSlianep * transition from uninitialized. In the future, this would likely be better 4099b44c3bSlianep * as an explicit start action instead of relying on an overloaded transition. 4199b44c3bSlianep * 4299b44c3bSlianep * All gt_enter functions use the same set of return codes. 4399b44c3bSlianep * 0 success 4499b44c3bSlianep * ECONNABORTED repository connection aborted 4599b44c3bSlianep */ 4699b44c3bSlianep 4799b44c3bSlianep #include "startd.h" 4899b44c3bSlianep 4999b44c3bSlianep static int 5099b44c3bSlianep gt_running(restarter_instance_state_t state) 5199b44c3bSlianep { 5299b44c3bSlianep if (state == RESTARTER_STATE_ONLINE || 5399b44c3bSlianep state == RESTARTER_STATE_DEGRADED) 5499b44c3bSlianep return (1); 5599b44c3bSlianep 5699b44c3bSlianep return (0); 5799b44c3bSlianep } 5899b44c3bSlianep 5999b44c3bSlianep static int 6099b44c3bSlianep gt_enter_uninit(scf_handle_t *h, graph_vertex_t *v, 6199b44c3bSlianep restarter_instance_state_t old_state, restarter_error_t rerr) 6299b44c3bSlianep { 6399b44c3bSlianep int err; 6499b44c3bSlianep scf_instance_t *inst; 6599b44c3bSlianep 6699b44c3bSlianep /* Initialize instance by refreshing it. */ 6799b44c3bSlianep 6899b44c3bSlianep err = libscf_fmri_get_instance(h, v->gv_name, &inst); 6999b44c3bSlianep switch (err) { 7099b44c3bSlianep case 0: 7199b44c3bSlianep break; 7299b44c3bSlianep 7399b44c3bSlianep case ECONNABORTED: 7499b44c3bSlianep return (ECONNABORTED); 7599b44c3bSlianep 7699b44c3bSlianep case ENOENT: 7799b44c3bSlianep return (0); 7899b44c3bSlianep 7999b44c3bSlianep case EINVAL: 8099b44c3bSlianep case ENOTSUP: 8199b44c3bSlianep default: 8299b44c3bSlianep bad_error("libscf_fmri_get_instance", err); 8399b44c3bSlianep } 8499b44c3bSlianep 8599b44c3bSlianep err = refresh_vertex(v, inst); 8699b44c3bSlianep if (err == 0) 8799b44c3bSlianep graph_enable_by_vertex(v, v->gv_flags & GV_ENABLED, 0); 8899b44c3bSlianep 8999b44c3bSlianep scf_instance_destroy(inst); 9099b44c3bSlianep 9199b44c3bSlianep /* If the service was running, propagate a stop event. */ 9299b44c3bSlianep if (gt_running(old_state)) { 9399b44c3bSlianep log_framework(LOG_DEBUG, "Propagating stop of %s.\n", 9499b44c3bSlianep v->gv_name); 9599b44c3bSlianep 96cd3bce3eSlianep graph_transition_propagate(v, PROPAGATE_STOP, rerr); 9799b44c3bSlianep } 9899b44c3bSlianep 9999b44c3bSlianep graph_transition_sulogin(RESTARTER_STATE_UNINIT, old_state); 10099b44c3bSlianep return (0); 10199b44c3bSlianep } 10299b44c3bSlianep 10356e23938Sbustos /* ARGSUSED */ 10499b44c3bSlianep static int 10599b44c3bSlianep gt_enter_maint(scf_handle_t *h, graph_vertex_t *v, 10699b44c3bSlianep restarter_instance_state_t old_state, restarter_error_t rerr) 10799b44c3bSlianep { 108cd3bce3eSlianep /* 109cd3bce3eSlianep * If the service was running, propagate a stop event. If the 110cd3bce3eSlianep * service was not running the maintenance transition may satisfy 111cd3bce3eSlianep * optional dependencies and should be propagated to determine 112cd3bce3eSlianep * whether new dependents are satisfiable. 113*aca380d7SRenaud Manus * Instances that transition to maintenance and have the GV_TOOFFLINE 114*aca380d7SRenaud Manus * flag are special because they can expose new subtree leaves so 115*aca380d7SRenaud Manus * propagate the offline to the instance dependencies. 116cd3bce3eSlianep */ 11799b44c3bSlianep if (gt_running(old_state)) { 118*aca380d7SRenaud Manus /* 119*aca380d7SRenaud Manus * Handle state change during instance disabling. 120*aca380d7SRenaud Manus * Propagate offline to the new exposed leaves. 121*aca380d7SRenaud Manus */ 122*aca380d7SRenaud Manus if (v->gv_flags & GV_TOOFFLINE) { 123*aca380d7SRenaud Manus v->gv_flags &= ~GV_TOOFFLINE; 124*aca380d7SRenaud Manus log_framework(LOG_DEBUG, "%s removed from subtree\n", 125*aca380d7SRenaud Manus v->gv_name); 126*aca380d7SRenaud Manus graph_offline_subtree_leaves(v, (void *)h); 127*aca380d7SRenaud Manus } 128*aca380d7SRenaud Manus 129cd3bce3eSlianep log_framework(LOG_DEBUG, "Propagating maintenance (stop) of " 130cd3bce3eSlianep "%s.\n", v->gv_name); 13199b44c3bSlianep 132cd3bce3eSlianep graph_transition_propagate(v, PROPAGATE_STOP, rerr); 133cd3bce3eSlianep } else { 13499b44c3bSlianep log_framework(LOG_DEBUG, "Propagating maintenance of %s.\n", 13599b44c3bSlianep v->gv_name); 13699b44c3bSlianep 137cd3bce3eSlianep graph_transition_propagate(v, PROPAGATE_SAT, rerr); 13899b44c3bSlianep } 13999b44c3bSlianep 14099b44c3bSlianep graph_transition_sulogin(RESTARTER_STATE_MAINT, old_state); 14199b44c3bSlianep return (0); 14299b44c3bSlianep } 14399b44c3bSlianep 14456e23938Sbustos /* ARGSUSED */ 14599b44c3bSlianep static int 14699b44c3bSlianep gt_enter_offline(scf_handle_t *h, graph_vertex_t *v, 14799b44c3bSlianep restarter_instance_state_t old_state, restarter_error_t rerr) 14899b44c3bSlianep { 14999b44c3bSlianep /* 15099b44c3bSlianep * If the instance should be enabled, see if we can start it. 15199b44c3bSlianep * Otherwise send a disable command. 152*aca380d7SRenaud Manus * If a instance has the GV_TOOFFLINE flag set then it must 153*aca380d7SRenaud Manus * remains offline until the disable process completes. 15499b44c3bSlianep */ 15599b44c3bSlianep if (v->gv_flags & GV_ENABLED) { 156*aca380d7SRenaud Manus if (!(v->gv_flags & GV_TOOFFLINE)) 15799b44c3bSlianep graph_start_if_satisfied(v); 15899b44c3bSlianep } else { 15999b44c3bSlianep if (gt_running(old_state) && v->gv_post_disable_f) 16099b44c3bSlianep v->gv_post_disable_f(); 161*aca380d7SRenaud Manus 16299b44c3bSlianep vertex_send_event(v, RESTARTER_EVENT_TYPE_DISABLE); 16399b44c3bSlianep } 16499b44c3bSlianep 16573b709eaSrm88369 /* 16673b709eaSrm88369 * If the service was running, propagate a stop event. If the 16773b709eaSrm88369 * service was not running the offline transition may satisfy 16873b709eaSrm88369 * optional dependencies and should be propagated to determine 16973b709eaSrm88369 * whether new dependents are satisfiable. 170*aca380d7SRenaud Manus * Instances that transition to offline and have the GV_TOOFFLINE flag 171*aca380d7SRenaud Manus * are special because they can expose new subtree leaves so propagate 172*aca380d7SRenaud Manus * the offline to the instance dependencies. 17373b709eaSrm88369 */ 17499b44c3bSlianep if (gt_running(old_state)) { 175*aca380d7SRenaud Manus /* 176*aca380d7SRenaud Manus * Handle state change during instance disabling. 177*aca380d7SRenaud Manus * Propagate offline to the new exposed leaves. 178*aca380d7SRenaud Manus */ 179*aca380d7SRenaud Manus if (v->gv_flags & GV_TOOFFLINE) { 180*aca380d7SRenaud Manus v->gv_flags &= ~GV_TOOFFLINE; 181*aca380d7SRenaud Manus log_framework(LOG_DEBUG, "%s removed from subtree\n", 182*aca380d7SRenaud Manus v->gv_name); 183*aca380d7SRenaud Manus graph_offline_subtree_leaves(v, (void *)h); 184*aca380d7SRenaud Manus } 185*aca380d7SRenaud Manus 18699b44c3bSlianep log_framework(LOG_DEBUG, "Propagating stop of %s.\n", 18799b44c3bSlianep v->gv_name); 18899b44c3bSlianep 189cd3bce3eSlianep graph_transition_propagate(v, PROPAGATE_STOP, rerr); 19073b709eaSrm88369 } else { 19173b709eaSrm88369 log_framework(LOG_DEBUG, "Propagating offline of %s.\n", 19273b709eaSrm88369 v->gv_name); 19373b709eaSrm88369 19473b709eaSrm88369 graph_transition_propagate(v, PROPAGATE_SAT, rerr); 19599b44c3bSlianep } 19699b44c3bSlianep 19799b44c3bSlianep graph_transition_sulogin(RESTARTER_STATE_OFFLINE, old_state); 19899b44c3bSlianep return (0); 19999b44c3bSlianep } 20099b44c3bSlianep 20156e23938Sbustos /* ARGSUSED */ 20299b44c3bSlianep static int 20399b44c3bSlianep gt_enter_disabled(scf_handle_t *h, graph_vertex_t *v, 20499b44c3bSlianep restarter_instance_state_t old_state, restarter_error_t rerr) 20599b44c3bSlianep { 206*aca380d7SRenaud Manus 20799b44c3bSlianep /* 20899b44c3bSlianep * If the instance should be disabled, no problem. Otherwise, 20999b44c3bSlianep * send an enable command, which should result in the instance 210*aca380d7SRenaud Manus * moving to OFFLINE unless the instance is part of a subtree 211*aca380d7SRenaud Manus * (non root) and in this case the result is unpredictable. 21299b44c3bSlianep */ 21399b44c3bSlianep if (v->gv_flags & GV_ENABLED) { 21499b44c3bSlianep vertex_send_event(v, RESTARTER_EVENT_TYPE_ENABLE); 21599b44c3bSlianep } else if (gt_running(old_state) && v->gv_post_disable_f) { 21699b44c3bSlianep v->gv_post_disable_f(); 21799b44c3bSlianep } 21899b44c3bSlianep 21999b44c3bSlianep /* 220cd3bce3eSlianep * If the service was running, propagate this as a stop. If the 221cd3bce3eSlianep * service was not running the disabled transition may satisfy 222cd3bce3eSlianep * optional dependencies and should be propagated to determine 223cd3bce3eSlianep * whether new dependents are satisfiable. 22499b44c3bSlianep */ 22599b44c3bSlianep if (gt_running(old_state)) { 226*aca380d7SRenaud Manus /* 227*aca380d7SRenaud Manus * We need to propagate the offline to new exposed leaves in 228*aca380d7SRenaud Manus * case we've just disabled an instance that was part of a 229*aca380d7SRenaud Manus * subtree. 230*aca380d7SRenaud Manus */ 231*aca380d7SRenaud Manus if (v->gv_flags & GV_TOOFFLINE) { 232*aca380d7SRenaud Manus /* 233*aca380d7SRenaud Manus * If the vertex is in the subtree and is transitionning 234*aca380d7SRenaud Manus * to DISABLED then remove the GV_TODISABLE flag also. 235*aca380d7SRenaud Manus */ 236*aca380d7SRenaud Manus v->gv_flags &= ~GV_TODISABLE; 237*aca380d7SRenaud Manus v->gv_flags &= ~GV_TOOFFLINE; 238*aca380d7SRenaud Manus 239*aca380d7SRenaud Manus log_framework(LOG_DEBUG, "%s removed from subtree\n", 240*aca380d7SRenaud Manus v->gv_name); 241*aca380d7SRenaud Manus 242*aca380d7SRenaud Manus /* 243*aca380d7SRenaud Manus * Handle state change during instance disabling. 244*aca380d7SRenaud Manus * Propagate offline to the new exposed leaves. 245*aca380d7SRenaud Manus */ 246*aca380d7SRenaud Manus graph_offline_subtree_leaves(v, (void *)h); 247*aca380d7SRenaud Manus } 248*aca380d7SRenaud Manus 249*aca380d7SRenaud Manus 25099b44c3bSlianep log_framework(LOG_DEBUG, "Propagating stop of %s.\n", 25199b44c3bSlianep v->gv_name); 25299b44c3bSlianep 253cd3bce3eSlianep graph_transition_propagate(v, PROPAGATE_STOP, rerr); 25499b44c3bSlianep 255cd3bce3eSlianep } else { 25699b44c3bSlianep log_framework(LOG_DEBUG, "Propagating disable of %s.\n", 25799b44c3bSlianep v->gv_name); 25899b44c3bSlianep 259cd3bce3eSlianep graph_transition_propagate(v, PROPAGATE_SAT, rerr); 26099b44c3bSlianep } 26199b44c3bSlianep 26299b44c3bSlianep graph_transition_sulogin(RESTARTER_STATE_DISABLED, old_state); 26399b44c3bSlianep return (0); 26499b44c3bSlianep } 26599b44c3bSlianep 26699b44c3bSlianep static int 26799b44c3bSlianep gt_internal_online_or_degraded(scf_handle_t *h, graph_vertex_t *v, 26899b44c3bSlianep restarter_instance_state_t old_state, restarter_error_t rerr) 26999b44c3bSlianep { 27099b44c3bSlianep int r; 27199b44c3bSlianep 27299b44c3bSlianep /* 27399b44c3bSlianep * If the instance has just come up, update the start 27499b44c3bSlianep * snapshot. 27599b44c3bSlianep */ 27699b44c3bSlianep if (gt_running(old_state) == 0) { 27799b44c3bSlianep /* 27899b44c3bSlianep * Don't fire if we're just recovering state 27999b44c3bSlianep * after a restart. 28099b44c3bSlianep */ 28199b44c3bSlianep if (old_state != RESTARTER_STATE_UNINIT && 28299b44c3bSlianep v->gv_post_online_f) 28399b44c3bSlianep v->gv_post_online_f(); 28499b44c3bSlianep 28599b44c3bSlianep r = libscf_snapshots_poststart(h, v->gv_name, B_TRUE); 28699b44c3bSlianep switch (r) { 28799b44c3bSlianep case 0: 28899b44c3bSlianep case ENOENT: 28999b44c3bSlianep /* 29099b44c3bSlianep * If ENOENT, the instance must have been 29199b44c3bSlianep * deleted. Pretend we were successful since 29299b44c3bSlianep * we should get a delete event later. 29399b44c3bSlianep */ 29499b44c3bSlianep break; 29599b44c3bSlianep 29699b44c3bSlianep case ECONNABORTED: 29799b44c3bSlianep return (ECONNABORTED); 29899b44c3bSlianep 29999b44c3bSlianep case EACCES: 30099b44c3bSlianep case ENOTSUP: 30199b44c3bSlianep default: 30299b44c3bSlianep bad_error("libscf_snapshots_poststart", r); 30399b44c3bSlianep } 30499b44c3bSlianep } 30599b44c3bSlianep if (!(v->gv_flags & GV_ENABLED)) 30699b44c3bSlianep vertex_send_event(v, RESTARTER_EVENT_TYPE_DISABLE); 30799b44c3bSlianep 30899b44c3bSlianep if (gt_running(old_state) == 0) { 30999b44c3bSlianep log_framework(LOG_DEBUG, "Propagating start of %s.\n", 31099b44c3bSlianep v->gv_name); 31199b44c3bSlianep 312cd3bce3eSlianep graph_transition_propagate(v, PROPAGATE_START, rerr); 31399b44c3bSlianep } else if (rerr == RERR_REFRESH) { 31499b44c3bSlianep /* For refresh we'll get a message sans state change */ 31599b44c3bSlianep 31699b44c3bSlianep log_framework(LOG_DEBUG, "Propagating refresh of %s.\n", 31799b44c3bSlianep v->gv_name); 31899b44c3bSlianep 319cd3bce3eSlianep graph_transition_propagate(v, PROPAGATE_STOP, rerr); 32099b44c3bSlianep } 32199b44c3bSlianep 32299b44c3bSlianep return (0); 32399b44c3bSlianep } 32499b44c3bSlianep 32599b44c3bSlianep static int 32699b44c3bSlianep gt_enter_online(scf_handle_t *h, graph_vertex_t *v, 32799b44c3bSlianep restarter_instance_state_t old_state, restarter_error_t rerr) 32899b44c3bSlianep { 32999b44c3bSlianep int r; 33099b44c3bSlianep 33199b44c3bSlianep r = gt_internal_online_or_degraded(h, v, old_state, rerr); 33299b44c3bSlianep if (r != 0) 33399b44c3bSlianep return (r); 33499b44c3bSlianep 33599b44c3bSlianep graph_transition_sulogin(RESTARTER_STATE_ONLINE, old_state); 33699b44c3bSlianep return (0); 33799b44c3bSlianep } 33899b44c3bSlianep 33999b44c3bSlianep static int 34099b44c3bSlianep gt_enter_degraded(scf_handle_t *h, graph_vertex_t *v, 34199b44c3bSlianep restarter_instance_state_t old_state, restarter_error_t rerr) 34299b44c3bSlianep { 34399b44c3bSlianep int r; 34499b44c3bSlianep 34599b44c3bSlianep r = gt_internal_online_or_degraded(h, v, old_state, rerr); 34699b44c3bSlianep if (r != 0) 34799b44c3bSlianep return (r); 34899b44c3bSlianep 34999b44c3bSlianep graph_transition_sulogin(RESTARTER_STATE_DEGRADED, old_state); 35099b44c3bSlianep return (0); 35199b44c3bSlianep } 35299b44c3bSlianep 35399b44c3bSlianep /* 35499b44c3bSlianep * gt_transition() implements the state transition for the graph 35599b44c3bSlianep * state machine. It can return: 35699b44c3bSlianep * 0 success 35799b44c3bSlianep * ECONNABORTED repository connection aborted 358cd3bce3eSlianep * 359cd3bce3eSlianep * v->gv_state should be set to the state we're transitioning to before 360cd3bce3eSlianep * calling this function. 36199b44c3bSlianep */ 36299b44c3bSlianep int 36399b44c3bSlianep gt_transition(scf_handle_t *h, graph_vertex_t *v, restarter_error_t rerr, 364cd3bce3eSlianep restarter_instance_state_t old_state) 36599b44c3bSlianep { 36656e23938Sbustos int err; 36756e23938Sbustos int lost_repository = 0; 36899b44c3bSlianep 36999b44c3bSlianep /* 37099b44c3bSlianep * If there's a common set of work to be done on exit from the 37199b44c3bSlianep * old_state, include it as a separate set of functions here. For 37299b44c3bSlianep * now there's no such work, so there are no gt_exit functions. 37399b44c3bSlianep */ 37499b44c3bSlianep 37556e23938Sbustos err = vertex_subgraph_dependencies_shutdown(h, v, old_state); 37656e23938Sbustos switch (err) { 37756e23938Sbustos case 0: 37856e23938Sbustos break; 37956e23938Sbustos 38056e23938Sbustos case ECONNABORTED: 38156e23938Sbustos lost_repository = 1; 38256e23938Sbustos break; 38356e23938Sbustos 38456e23938Sbustos default: 38556e23938Sbustos bad_error("vertex_subgraph_dependencies_shutdown", err); 38656e23938Sbustos } 38756e23938Sbustos 38899b44c3bSlianep /* 38999b44c3bSlianep * Now call the appropriate gt_enter function for the new state. 39099b44c3bSlianep */ 391cd3bce3eSlianep switch (v->gv_state) { 39299b44c3bSlianep case RESTARTER_STATE_UNINIT: 39399b44c3bSlianep err = gt_enter_uninit(h, v, old_state, rerr); 39499b44c3bSlianep break; 39599b44c3bSlianep 39699b44c3bSlianep case RESTARTER_STATE_DISABLED: 39799b44c3bSlianep err = gt_enter_disabled(h, v, old_state, rerr); 39899b44c3bSlianep break; 39999b44c3bSlianep 40099b44c3bSlianep case RESTARTER_STATE_OFFLINE: 40199b44c3bSlianep err = gt_enter_offline(h, v, old_state, rerr); 40299b44c3bSlianep break; 40399b44c3bSlianep 40499b44c3bSlianep case RESTARTER_STATE_ONLINE: 40599b44c3bSlianep err = gt_enter_online(h, v, old_state, rerr); 40699b44c3bSlianep break; 40799b44c3bSlianep 40899b44c3bSlianep case RESTARTER_STATE_DEGRADED: 40999b44c3bSlianep err = gt_enter_degraded(h, v, old_state, rerr); 41099b44c3bSlianep break; 41199b44c3bSlianep 41299b44c3bSlianep case RESTARTER_STATE_MAINT: 41399b44c3bSlianep err = gt_enter_maint(h, v, old_state, rerr); 41499b44c3bSlianep break; 41599b44c3bSlianep 41699b44c3bSlianep default: 417cd3bce3eSlianep /* Shouldn't be in an invalid state. */ 41899b44c3bSlianep #ifndef NDEBUG 41956e23938Sbustos uu_warn("%s:%d: Invalid state %d.\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, 420cd3bce3eSlianep v->gv_state); 42199b44c3bSlianep #endif 42299b44c3bSlianep abort(); 42399b44c3bSlianep } 42499b44c3bSlianep 42556e23938Sbustos switch (err) { 42656e23938Sbustos case 0: 42756e23938Sbustos break; 42856e23938Sbustos 42956e23938Sbustos case ECONNABORTED: 43056e23938Sbustos lost_repository = 1; 43156e23938Sbustos break; 43256e23938Sbustos 43356e23938Sbustos default: 43456e23938Sbustos #ifndef NDEBUG 43556e23938Sbustos uu_warn("%s:%d: " 43656e23938Sbustos "gt_enter_%s() failed with unexpected error %d.\n", 43756e23938Sbustos __FILE__, __LINE__, instance_state_str[v->gv_state], err); 43856e23938Sbustos #endif 43956e23938Sbustos abort(); 44056e23938Sbustos } 44156e23938Sbustos 44256e23938Sbustos return (lost_repository ? ECONNABORTED : 0); 44399b44c3bSlianep } 444