1 /* 2 * Copyright 2014 Garrett D'Amore <garrett@damore.org> 3 * Copyright 2010 Nexenta Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 4 * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993 5 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 6 * 7 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 8 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 9 * are met: 10 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 12 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 13 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 14 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 15 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 16 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 17 * without specific prior written permission. 18 * 19 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 20 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 21 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 22 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 23 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 24 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 25 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 26 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 27 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 28 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 29 * SUCH DAMAGE. 30 */ 31 32 #include <sys/types.h> 33 34 #include <err.h> 35 #include <errno.h> 36 #include <inttypes.h> 37 #include <limits.h> 38 #include <stdio.h> 39 #include <stdlib.h> 40 #include <string.h> 41 #include <unistd.h> 42 #include <alloca.h> 43 #include <ctype.h> 44 #include <locale.h> 45 #include <note.h> 46 47 #define warnx1(a, b, c) warnx(a) 48 #define warnx2(a, b, c) warnx(a, b) 49 #define warnx3(a, b, c) warnx(a, b, c) 50 51 #define PTRDIFF(x, y) ((uintptr_t)(x) - (uintptr_t)(y)) 52 53 #define _(x) gettext(x) 54 55 #define PF(f, func) do { \ 56 char *b = NULL; \ 57 if (havewidth) \ 58 if (haveprec) \ 59 (void) asprintf(&b, f, fieldwidth, precision, func); \ 60 else \ 61 (void) asprintf(&b, f, fieldwidth, func); \ 62 else if (haveprec) \ 63 (void) asprintf(&b, f, precision, func); \ 64 else \ 65 (void) asprintf(&b, f, func); \ 66 if (b) { \ 67 (void) fputs(b, stdout); \ 68 free(b); \ 69 } \ 70 _NOTE(CONSTCOND) } while (0) 71 72 static int asciicode(void); 73 static char *doformat(char *, int *); 74 static int escape(char *, int, size_t *); 75 static int getchr(void); 76 static int getfloating(long double *, int); 77 static int getint(int *); 78 static int getnum(intmax_t *, uintmax_t *, int); 79 static const char 80 *getstr(void); 81 static char *mknum(char *, char); 82 static void usage(void); 83 84 static const char digits[] = "0123456789"; 85 86 static int myargc; 87 static char **myargv; 88 static char **gargv; 89 static char **maxargv; 90 91 int 92 main(int argc, char *argv[]) 93 { 94 size_t len; 95 int end, rval; 96 char *format, *fmt, *start; 97 98 (void) setlocale(LC_ALL, ""); 99 100 argv++; 101 argc--; 102 103 /* 104 * POSIX says: Standard utilities that do not accept options, 105 * but that do accept operands, shall recognize "--" as a 106 * first argument to be discarded. 107 */ 108 if (argc && strcmp(argv[0], "--") == 0) { 109 argc--; 110 argv++; 111 } 112 113 if (argc < 1) { 114 usage(); 115 return (1); 116 } 117 118 /* 119 * Basic algorithm is to scan the format string for conversion 120 * specifications -- once one is found, find out if the field 121 * width or precision is a '*'; if it is, gather up value. Note, 122 * format strings are reused as necessary to use up the provided 123 * arguments, arguments of zero/null string are provided to use 124 * up the format string. 125 */ 126 fmt = format = *argv; 127 (void) escape(fmt, 1, &len); /* backslash interpretation */ 128 rval = end = 0; 129 gargv = ++argv; 130 131 for (;;) { 132 maxargv = gargv; 133 134 myargv = gargv; 135 for (myargc = 0; gargv[myargc]; myargc++) 136 /* nop */; 137 start = fmt; 138 while (fmt < format + len) { 139 if (fmt[0] == '%') { 140 (void) fwrite(start, 1, PTRDIFF(fmt, start), 141 stdout); 142 if (fmt[1] == '%') { 143 /* %% prints a % */ 144 (void) putchar('%'); 145 fmt += 2; 146 } else { 147 fmt = doformat(fmt, &rval); 148 if (fmt == NULL) 149 return (1); 150 end = 0; 151 } 152 start = fmt; 153 } else 154 fmt++; 155 if (gargv > maxargv) 156 maxargv = gargv; 157 } 158 gargv = maxargv; 159 160 if (end == 1) { 161 warnx1(_("missing format character"), NULL, NULL); 162 return (1); 163 } 164 (void) fwrite(start, 1, PTRDIFF(fmt, start), stdout); 165 if (!*gargv) 166 return (rval); 167 /* Restart at the beginning of the format string. */ 168 fmt = format; 169 end = 1; 170 } 171 /* NOTREACHED */ 172 } 173 174 175 static char * 176 doformat(char *fmt, int *rval) 177 { 178 static const char skip1[] = "#'-+ 0"; 179 int fieldwidth, haveprec, havewidth, mod_ldbl, precision; 180 char convch, nextch; 181 char *start; 182 char **fargv; 183 char *dptr; 184 int l; 185 186 start = alloca(strlen(fmt) + 1); 187 188 dptr = start; 189 *dptr++ = '%'; 190 *dptr = 0; 191 192 fmt++; 193 194 /* look for "n$" field index specifier */ 195 l = strspn(fmt, digits); 196 if ((l > 0) && (fmt[l] == '$')) { 197 int idx = atoi(fmt); 198 if (idx <= myargc) { 199 gargv = &myargv[idx - 1]; 200 } else { 201 gargv = &myargv[myargc]; 202 } 203 if (gargv > maxargv) { 204 maxargv = gargv; 205 } 206 fmt += l + 1; 207 208 /* save format argument */ 209 fargv = gargv; 210 } else { 211 fargv = NULL; 212 } 213 214 /* skip to field width */ 215 while (*fmt && strchr(skip1, *fmt) != NULL) { 216 *dptr++ = *fmt++; 217 *dptr = 0; 218 } 219 220 221 if (*fmt == '*') { 222 223 fmt++; 224 l = strspn(fmt, digits); 225 if ((l > 0) && (fmt[l] == '$')) { 226 int idx = atoi(fmt); 227 if (fargv == NULL) { 228 warnx1(_("incomplete use of n$"), NULL, NULL); 229 return (NULL); 230 } 231 if (idx <= myargc) { 232 gargv = &myargv[idx - 1]; 233 } else { 234 gargv = &myargv[myargc]; 235 } 236 fmt += l + 1; 237 } else if (fargv != NULL) { 238 warnx1(_("incomplete use of n$"), NULL, NULL); 239 return (NULL); 240 } 241 242 if (getint(&fieldwidth)) 243 return (NULL); 244 if (gargv > maxargv) { 245 maxargv = gargv; 246 } 247 havewidth = 1; 248 249 *dptr++ = '*'; 250 *dptr = 0; 251 } else { 252 havewidth = 0; 253 254 /* skip to possible '.', get following precision */ 255 while (isdigit(*fmt)) { 256 *dptr++ = *fmt++; 257 *dptr = 0; 258 } 259 } 260 261 if (*fmt == '.') { 262 /* precision present? */ 263 fmt++; 264 *dptr++ = '.'; 265 266 if (*fmt == '*') { 267 268 fmt++; 269 l = strspn(fmt, digits); 270 if ((l > 0) && (fmt[l] == '$')) { 271 int idx = atoi(fmt); 272 if (fargv == NULL) { 273 warnx1(_("incomplete use of n$"), 274 NULL, NULL); 275 return (NULL); 276 } 277 if (idx <= myargc) { 278 gargv = &myargv[idx - 1]; 279 } else { 280 gargv = &myargv[myargc]; 281 } 282 fmt += l + 1; 283 } else if (fargv != NULL) { 284 warnx1(_("incomplete use of n$"), NULL, NULL); 285 return (NULL); 286 } 287 288 if (getint(&precision)) 289 return (NULL); 290 if (gargv > maxargv) { 291 maxargv = gargv; 292 } 293 haveprec = 1; 294 *dptr++ = '*'; 295 *dptr = 0; 296 } else { 297 haveprec = 0; 298 299 /* skip to conversion char */ 300 while (isdigit(*fmt)) { 301 *dptr++ = *fmt++; 302 *dptr = 0; 303 } 304 } 305 } else 306 haveprec = 0; 307 if (!*fmt) { 308 warnx1(_("missing format character"), NULL, NULL); 309 return (NULL); 310 } 311 *dptr++ = *fmt; 312 *dptr = 0; 313 314 /* 315 * Look for a length modifier. POSIX doesn't have these, so 316 * we only support them for floating-point conversions, which 317 * are extensions. This is useful because the L modifier can 318 * be used to gain extra range and precision, while omitting 319 * it is more likely to produce consistent results on different 320 * architectures. This is not so important for integers 321 * because overflow is the only bad thing that can happen to 322 * them, but consider the command printf %a 1.1 323 */ 324 if (*fmt == 'L') { 325 mod_ldbl = 1; 326 fmt++; 327 if (!strchr("aAeEfFgG", *fmt)) { 328 warnx2(_("bad modifier L for %%%c"), *fmt, NULL); 329 return (NULL); 330 } 331 } else { 332 mod_ldbl = 0; 333 } 334 335 /* save the current arg offset, and set to the format arg */ 336 if (fargv != NULL) { 337 gargv = fargv; 338 } 339 340 convch = *fmt; 341 nextch = *++fmt; 342 343 *fmt = '\0'; 344 switch (convch) { 345 case 'b': { 346 size_t len; 347 char *p; 348 int getout; 349 350 p = strdup(getstr()); 351 if (p == NULL) { 352 warnx2("%s", strerror(ENOMEM), NULL); 353 return (NULL); 354 } 355 getout = escape(p, 0, &len); 356 (void) fputs(p, stdout); 357 free(p); 358 359 if (getout) 360 exit(*rval); 361 break; 362 } 363 case 'c': { 364 char p; 365 366 p = getchr(); 367 PF(start, p); 368 break; 369 } 370 case 's': { 371 const char *p; 372 373 p = getstr(); 374 PF(start, p); 375 break; 376 } 377 case 'd': case 'i': case 'o': case 'u': case 'x': case 'X': { 378 char *f; 379 intmax_t val; 380 uintmax_t uval; 381 int signedconv; 382 383 signedconv = (convch == 'd' || convch == 'i'); 384 if ((f = mknum(start, convch)) == NULL) 385 return (NULL); 386 if (getnum(&val, &uval, signedconv)) 387 *rval = 1; 388 if (signedconv) 389 PF(f, val); 390 else 391 PF(f, uval); 392 break; 393 } 394 case 'e': case 'E': 395 case 'f': case 'F': 396 case 'g': case 'G': 397 case 'a': case 'A': { 398 long double p; 399 400 if (getfloating(&p, mod_ldbl)) 401 *rval = 1; 402 if (mod_ldbl) 403 PF(start, p); 404 else 405 PF(start, (double)p); 406 break; 407 } 408 default: 409 warnx2(_("illegal format character %c"), convch, NULL); 410 return (NULL); 411 } 412 *fmt = nextch; 413 414 /* return the gargv to the next element */ 415 return (fmt); 416 } 417 418 static char * 419 mknum(char *str, char ch) 420 { 421 static char *copy; 422 static size_t copy_size; 423 char *newcopy; 424 size_t len, newlen; 425 426 len = strlen(str) + 2; 427 if (len > copy_size) { 428 newlen = ((len + 1023) >> 10) << 10; 429 if ((newcopy = realloc(copy, newlen)) == NULL) { 430 warnx2("%s", strerror(ENOMEM), NULL); 431 return (NULL); 432 } 433 copy = newcopy; 434 copy_size = newlen; 435 } 436 437 (void) memmove(copy, str, len - 3); 438 copy[len - 3] = 'j'; 439 copy[len - 2] = ch; 440 copy[len - 1] = '\0'; 441 return (copy); 442 } 443 444 static int 445 escape(char *fmt, int percent, size_t *len) 446 { 447 char *save, *store, c; 448 int value; 449 450 for (save = store = fmt; ((c = *fmt) != 0); ++fmt, ++store) { 451 if (c != '\\') { 452 *store = c; 453 continue; 454 } 455 switch (*++fmt) { 456 case '\0': /* EOS, user error */ 457 *store = '\\'; 458 *++store = '\0'; 459 *len = PTRDIFF(store, save); 460 return (0); 461 case '\\': /* backslash */ 462 case '\'': /* single quote */ 463 *store = *fmt; 464 break; 465 case 'a': /* bell/alert */ 466 *store = '\a'; 467 break; 468 case 'b': /* backspace */ 469 *store = '\b'; 470 break; 471 case 'c': 472 if (!percent) { 473 *store = '\0'; 474 *len = PTRDIFF(store, save); 475 return (1); 476 } 477 *store = 'c'; 478 break; 479 case 'f': /* form-feed */ 480 *store = '\f'; 481 break; 482 case 'n': /* newline */ 483 *store = '\n'; 484 break; 485 case 'r': /* carriage-return */ 486 *store = '\r'; 487 break; 488 case 't': /* horizontal tab */ 489 *store = '\t'; 490 break; 491 case 'v': /* vertical tab */ 492 *store = '\v'; 493 break; 494 /* octal constant */ 495 case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': 496 case '4': case '5': case '6': case '7': 497 c = (!percent && *fmt == '0') ? 4 : 3; 498 for (value = 0; 499 c-- && *fmt >= '0' && *fmt <= '7'; ++fmt) { 500 value <<= 3; 501 value += *fmt - '0'; 502 } 503 --fmt; 504 if (percent && value == '%') { 505 *store++ = '%'; 506 *store = '%'; 507 } else 508 *store = (char)value; 509 break; 510 default: 511 *store = *fmt; 512 break; 513 } 514 } 515 *store = '\0'; 516 *len = PTRDIFF(store, save); 517 return (0); 518 } 519 520 static int 521 getchr(void) 522 { 523 if (!*gargv) 524 return ('\0'); 525 return ((int)**gargv++); 526 } 527 528 static const char * 529 getstr(void) 530 { 531 if (!*gargv) 532 return (""); 533 return (*gargv++); 534 } 535 536 static int 537 getint(int *ip) 538 { 539 intmax_t val; 540 uintmax_t uval; 541 int rval; 542 543 if (getnum(&val, &uval, 1)) 544 return (1); 545 rval = 0; 546 if (val < INT_MIN || val > INT_MAX) { 547 warnx3("%s: %s", *gargv, strerror(ERANGE)); 548 rval = 1; 549 } 550 *ip = (int)val; 551 return (rval); 552 } 553 554 static int 555 getnum(intmax_t *ip, uintmax_t *uip, int signedconv) 556 { 557 char *ep; 558 int rval; 559 560 if (!*gargv) { 561 *ip = 0; 562 return (0); 563 } 564 if (**gargv == '"' || **gargv == '\'') { 565 if (signedconv) 566 *ip = asciicode(); 567 else 568 *uip = asciicode(); 569 return (0); 570 } 571 rval = 0; 572 errno = 0; 573 if (signedconv) 574 *ip = strtoimax(*gargv, &ep, 0); 575 else 576 *uip = strtoumax(*gargv, &ep, 0); 577 if (ep == *gargv) { 578 warnx2(_("%s: expected numeric value"), *gargv, NULL); 579 rval = 1; 580 } else if (*ep != '\0') { 581 warnx2(_("%s: not completely converted"), *gargv, NULL); 582 rval = 1; 583 } 584 if (errno == ERANGE) { 585 warnx3("%s: %s", *gargv, strerror(ERANGE)); 586 rval = 1; 587 } 588 ++gargv; 589 return (rval); 590 } 591 592 static int 593 getfloating(long double *dp, int mod_ldbl) 594 { 595 char *ep; 596 int rval; 597 598 if (!*gargv) { 599 *dp = 0.0; 600 return (0); 601 } 602 if (**gargv == '"' || **gargv == '\'') { 603 *dp = asciicode(); 604 return (0); 605 } 606 rval = 0; 607 errno = 0; 608 if (mod_ldbl) 609 *dp = strtold(*gargv, &ep); 610 else 611 *dp = strtod(*gargv, &ep); 612 if (ep == *gargv) { 613 warnx2(_("%s: expected numeric value"), *gargv, NULL); 614 rval = 1; 615 } else if (*ep != '\0') { 616 warnx2(_("%s: not completely converted"), *gargv, NULL); 617 rval = 1; 618 } 619 if (errno == ERANGE) { 620 warnx3("%s: %s", *gargv, strerror(ERANGE)); 621 rval = 1; 622 } 623 ++gargv; 624 return (rval); 625 } 626 627 static int 628 asciicode(void) 629 { 630 int ch; 631 632 ch = **gargv; 633 if (ch == '\'' || ch == '"') 634 ch = (*gargv)[1]; 635 ++gargv; 636 return (ch); 637 } 638 639 static void 640 usage(void) 641 { 642 (void) fprintf(stderr, _("usage: printf format [arguments ...]\n")); 643 } 644