1# tzdb data for Australasia and environs, and for much of the Pacific 2 3# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 4# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 5 6# This file also includes Pacific islands. 7 8# Notes are at the end of this file 9 10############################################################################### 11 12# Australia 13 14# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 15 16# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 17Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 D 18Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 S 19Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 D 20Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 S 21Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 D 22Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S 23Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 D 24# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 25# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 26# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 27 28# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 29# Northern Territory 30Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 31 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 32 9:30 Aus AC%sT 33# Western Australia 34# 35# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 36Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 37Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 38Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 39Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 40Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 D 41Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 42Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 D 43Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 44Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 45Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 46 8:00 Aus AW%sT 1943 Jul 47 8:00 AW AW%sT 48Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 49 8:45 Aus +0845/+0945 1943 Jul 50 8:45 AW +0845/+0945 51 52# Queensland 53# 54# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 55# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 56# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 57# Queensland ceased to. 58# 59# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 60# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 61# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 62# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 63# so use Lindeman. 64# 65# From J William Piggott (2016-02-20): 66# There is no location named Holiday Islands in Queensland Australia; holiday 67# islands is a colloquial term used globally. Hayman and Lindeman are at the 68# north and south extremes of the Whitsunday Islands archipelago, and 69# Hamilton is in between; it is reasonable to believe that this time zone 70# applies to all of the Whitsundays. 71# http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/austn-islands 72# 73# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 74Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 75Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 76Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 77Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 78Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 79Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 80Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 81 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 82 10:00 AQ AE%sT 83Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 84 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 85 10:00 AQ AE%sT 1992 Jul 86 10:00 Holiday AE%sT 87 88# South Australia 89# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 90Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 91Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D 92Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 93Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S 94Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 95Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 96Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 S 97Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 S 98Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 S 99Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 S 100Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 101Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 S 102Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 103Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 104Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 105# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 106Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 107 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 108 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 109 9:30 AS AC%sT 110 111# Tasmania 112# 113# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 114# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml 115# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 116# 117# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 118Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 119Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 120Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 121Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 S 122Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 123Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 124Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 125Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 126Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D 127Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 128Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 D 129Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 130Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 131Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 132Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 133Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 134Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 135Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 136Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 137# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 138Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 139 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 140 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 141 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 142 10:00 AT AE%sT 143Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 144 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 145 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 146 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 Jul 147 10:00 AT AE%sT 148 149# Victoria 150# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 151Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 152Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 153Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 154Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 155Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D 156Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 157Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 158Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 159Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 160Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 161Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 162Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 163Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 164Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 165# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 166Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 167 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 168 10:00 AV AE%sT 169 170# New South Wales 171# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 172Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 173Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S 174Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 175Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 176Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 177Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 178Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D 179Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 180Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 181Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 182Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 183Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 184Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 185Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 186Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 187Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 188# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 189Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 190 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 191 10:00 AN AE%sT 192Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 193 10:00 - AEST 1896 Aug 23 194 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 195 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 196 9:30 AN AC%sT 2000 197 9:30 AS AC%sT 198 199# Lord Howe Island 200# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 201Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 202Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 203Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 204Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 205Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - 206Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 207Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 208Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 209Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 210Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 211Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 212Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 213Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 214Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 - 215Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 216 10:00 - AEST 1981 Mar 217 10:30 LH +1030/+1130 1985 Jul 218 10:30 LH +1030/+11 219 220# Australian miscellany 221# 222# Ashmore Is, Cartier 223# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 224# no times are set 225# 226# Coral Sea Is 227# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 228# no times are set 229# 230# Macquarie 231# Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948; 232# sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the 233# Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island 234# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828 235# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831 236# Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010. 237# 238# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10): 239# We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: 240# - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not 241# switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do 242# on 4 April. 243# 244# From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23): 245# The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics 246# will produce a binary file with an [A]EST-type as the first 32-bit type; 247# this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by 248# pre-2013 versions of localtime. 249Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - -00 1899 Nov 250 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 251 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 252 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1919 Apr 1 0:00s 253 0 - -00 1948 Mar 25 254 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 255 10:00 AT AE%sT 2010 Apr 4 3:00 256 11:00 - +11 257 258# Christmas 259# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 260Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 261 7:00 - +07 262 263# Cocos (Keeling) Is 264# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 265# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 266# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 267Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 268 6:30 - +0630 269 270 271# Fiji 272 273# Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva. 274 275# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): 276# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST 277# from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. 278# 279# "Daylight savings to commence this month" 280# http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 281# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html 282 283# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): 284# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved 285# amendments: 286# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml 287 288# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): 289# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on 290# 2010-03-28 at 03:00. 291# The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March 292# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). 293# 294# Official source: 295# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 296# 297# A bit more background info here: 298# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html 299 300# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): 301# According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 302# weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... 303# Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, 304# Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: 305# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 306# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html 307 308# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03): 309# Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date 310# assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong). 311# 312# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 313# which says 314# Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in 315# advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to 316# 2am on February 26 next year. 317 318# From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24) 319# Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for 320# Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22. 321# 322# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 323# states: 324# 325# The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012 326# has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012. 327# The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start 328# on the 23rd of October, 2011. 329 330# From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen: 331# The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate 332# today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st 333# October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013. 334# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155 335 336# From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler: 337# Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 ... 338# move clocks forward by one hour from 2am 339# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx 340 341# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-01-10): 342# Fiji will end DST on 2014-01-19 02:00: 343# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS-TO-END-THIS-MONTH-%281%29.aspx 344 345# From Ken Rylander (2014-10-20): 346# DST will start Nov. 2 this year. 347# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-NOVEMBER-2ND.aspx 348 349# From a government order dated 2015-08-26 and published as Legal Notice No. 77 350# in the Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 24 (2015-08-28), 351# via Ken Rylander (2015-09-02): 352# the daylight saving period is 1 hour in advance of the standard time 353# commencing at 2.00 am on Sunday 1st November, 2015 and ending at 354# 3.00 am on Sunday 17th January, 2016. 355 356# From Raymond Kumar (2016-10-04): 357# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-6th-NOVEMBER,-2016.aspx 358# "Fiji's daylight savings will begin on Sunday, 6 November 2016, when 359# clocks go forward an hour at 2am to 3am.... Daylight Saving will 360# end at 3.00am on Sunday 15th January 2017." 361 362# From Paul Eggert (2017-08-21): 363# Dominic Fok writes (2017-08-20) that DST ends 2018-01-14, citing 364# Extraordinary Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 21 (2017-08-27), 365# [Legal Notice No. 41] of an order of the previous day by J Usamate. 366 367# From Raymond Kumar (2018-07-13): 368# http://www.fijitimes.com/government-approves-2018-daylight-saving/ 369# ... The daylight saving period will end at 3am on Sunday January 13, 2019. 370# 371# From Paul Eggert (2018-07-15): 372# For now, guess DST from 02:00 the first Sunday in November to 03:00 373# the first Sunday on or after January 13. January transitions reportedly 374# depend on when school terms start. Although the guess is ad hoc, it matches 375# transitions since late 2014 and seems more likely to match future 376# practice than guessing no DST. 377 378# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 379Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - 380Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 381Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 - 382Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - 383Rule Fiji 2010 2013 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 - 384Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 385Rule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 - 386Rule Fiji 2014 only - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 - 387Rule Fiji 2014 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - 388Rule Fiji 2015 max - Jan Sun>=13 3:00 0 - 389# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 390Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 391 12:00 Fiji +12/+13 392 393# French Polynesia 394# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 395Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 396 -9:00 - -09 397Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 398 -9:30 - -0930 399Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 400 -10:00 - -10 401# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 402# it is uninhabited. 403 404# Guam 405 406# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 407# http://guamlegislature.com/Public_Laws_5th/PL05-025.pdf 408# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-59-7-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time-May-6-1959.pdf 409Rule Guam 1959 only - Jun 27 2:00 1:00 D 410# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-61-5-Revocation-of-Daylight-Saving-Time-and-Restoratio.pdf 411Rule Guam 1961 only - Jan 29 2:00 0 S 412# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-67-13-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf 413Rule Guam 1967 only - Sep 1 2:00 1:00 D 414# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-69-2-Repeal-of-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf 415Rule Guam 1969 only - Jan 26 0:01 0 S 416# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-69-10-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf 417Rule Guam 1969 only - Jun 22 2:00 1:00 D 418Rule Guam 1969 only - Aug 31 2:00 0 S 419# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-70-10-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf 420# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-70-30-End-of-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf 421# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-71-5-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf 422Rule Guam 1970 1971 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 423Rule Guam 1970 1971 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 424# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-73-28.-Guam-Day-light-Saving-Time.pdf 425Rule Guam 1973 only - Dec 16 2:00 1:00 D 426# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-74-7-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time-Rescinded.pdf 427Rule Guam 1974 only - Feb 24 2:00 0 S 428# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-76-13-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf 429Rule Guam 1976 only - May 26 2:00 1:00 D 430# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-76-25-Revocation-of-E.O.-76-13.pdf 431Rule Guam 1976 only - Aug 22 2:01 0 S 432# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-77-4-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf 433Rule Guam 1977 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 D 434# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-77-18-Guam-Standard-Time.pdf 435Rule Guam 1977 only - Aug 28 2:00 0 S 436 437# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 438Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 439 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 440 10:00 - GST 1941 Dec 10 # Guam 441 9:00 - +09 1944 Jul 31 442 10:00 Guam G%sT 2000 Dec 23 443 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 444Link Pacific/Guam Pacific/Saipan # N Mariana Is 445 446# Kiribati 447# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 448Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 449 12:00 - +12 450Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 451 -12:00 - -12 1979 Oct 452 -11:00 - -11 1994 Dec 31 453 13:00 - +13 454Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 455 -10:40 - -1040 1979 Oct 456 -10:00 - -10 1994 Dec 31 457 14:00 - +14 458 459# N Mariana Is 460# See Pacific/Guam. 461 462# Marshall Is 463# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 464Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 465 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct 466 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1 467 11:00 - +11 1937 468 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 469 9:00 - +09 1944 Jan 30 470 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct 471 12:00 - +12 472Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 473 11:00 - +11 1937 474 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 475 9:00 - +09 1944 Feb 6 476 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct 477 -12:00 - -12 1993 Aug 20 24:00 478 12:00 - +12 479 480# Micronesia 481# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 482Zone Pacific/Chuuk -13:52:52 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 483 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 484 10:00 - +10 1914 Oct 485 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1 486 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 487 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 488 10:00 - +10 489Zone Pacific/Pohnpei -13:27:08 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 # Kolonia 490 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 491 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct 492 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1 493 11:00 - +11 1937 494 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 495 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 496 11:00 - +11 497Zone Pacific/Kosrae -13:08:04 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 498 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 499 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct 500 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1 501 11:00 - +11 1937 502 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 503 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 504 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct 505 12:00 - +12 1999 506 11:00 - +11 507 508# Nauru 509# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 510Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 511 11:30 - +1130 1942 Aug 29 512 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 8 513 11:30 - +1130 1979 Feb 10 2:00 514 12:00 - +12 515 516# New Caledonia 517# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 518Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 - 519Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 520Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 - 521# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 522Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 523# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 524Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Nouméa 525 11:00 NC +11/+12 526 527 528############################################################################### 529 530# New Zealand 531 532# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 533Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 534Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 535Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 536Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 537Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 538Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 539Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 540# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but until 2018a 541# there was no documented single notation for the date and time of this 542# transition. Duplicate the Rule lines for now, to give the 2018a change 543# time to percolate out. 544Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 545Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 - 546Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 547Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 - 548Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 549Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 - 550Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 551Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 - 552Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 553Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 - 554Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 555Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 - 556Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 557Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 - 558Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 559Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 - 560Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 561Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 - 562# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 563Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 564 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 565 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 566Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 567 12:15 - +1215 1946 Jan 1 568 12:45 Chatham +1245/+1345 569 570Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo 571 572# Auckland Is 573# uninhabited; Māori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 574# and scientific personnel have wintered 575 576# Campbell I 577# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 578# scientific station operated 1941/1995; 579# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 580# was probably like Pacific/Auckland 581 582# Cook Is 583# From Shanks & Pottenger: 584# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 585Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 - 586Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 587Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 - 588# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 589Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 590 -10:30 - -1030 1978 Nov 12 591 -10:00 Cook -10/-0930 592 593############################################################################### 594 595 596# Niue 597# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 598Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 599 -11:20 - -1120 1951 600 -11:30 - -1130 1978 Oct 1 601 -11:00 - -11 602 603# Norfolk 604# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 605Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 606 11:12 - +1112 1951 607 11:30 - +1130 1974 Oct 27 02:00 608 11:30 1:00 +1230 1975 Mar 2 02:00 609 11:30 - +1130 2015 Oct 4 02:00 610 11:00 - +11 611 612# Palau (Belau) 613# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 614Zone Pacific/Palau -15:02:04 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 # Koror 615 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 616 9:00 - +09 617 618# Papua New Guinea 619# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 620Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 621 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 622 10:00 - +10 623# 624# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13): 625# Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have 626# the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War. 627# 628# Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for UT +09, these dates 629# are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns. 630# The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta. 631# The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942, 632# according to the Pacific War Online Encyclopedia 633# https://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm 634# and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender. 635# 636# The Autonomous Region of Bougainville switched from UT +10 to +11 637# on 2014-12-28 at 02:00. They call +11 "Bougainville Standard Time". 638# See: 639# http://www.bougainville24.com/bougainville-issues/bougainville-gets-own-timezone/ 640# 641Zone Pacific/Bougainville 10:22:16 - LMT 1880 642 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 643 10:00 - +10 1942 Jul 644 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 21 645 10:00 - +10 2014 Dec 28 2:00 646 11:00 - +11 647 648# Pitcairn 649# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 650Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 651 -8:30 - -0830 1998 Apr 27 0:00 652 -8:00 - -08 653 654# American Samoa 655Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1892 Jul 5 656 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 657 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 658Link Pacific/Pago_Pago Pacific/Midway # in US minor outlying islands 659 660# Samoa (formerly and also known as Western Samoa) 661 662# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): 663# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received 664# the following info: 665# 666# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year 667# commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first 668# Sunday of April 2011." 669# 670# Background info: 671# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html 672# 673# Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not 674# contain any dates: 675# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf 676 677# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): 678# Please see 679# http://www.mcil.gov.ws 680# the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday 681# September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight 682# to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks 683# backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" 684 685# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07): 686# [http://www.mcil.gov.ws/ftcd/daylight_saving_2011.pdf] 687# 688# ... when the standard time strikes the hour of four o'clock (4.00am 689# or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, then all instruments used to 690# measure standard time are to be adjusted/changed to three o'clock 691# (3:00am or 0300Hrs). 692 693# From David Zülke (2011-05-09): 694# Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line 695# 696# http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963 697 698# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-27): 699# The International Date Line Act 2011 700# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/images/ACTS/International_Date_Line_Act__2011_-_Eng.pdf 701# changed Samoa from UT -11 to +13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on 702# Thursday 29th December 2011". The International Date Line was adjusted 703# accordingly. 704 705# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02): 706# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 707# 708# here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change 709# 710# DST 711# Year End Time Start Time 712# 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am 713# 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - - 714# 715# Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011 716# Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours 717# Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours 718# 719# From Nicholas Pereira (2012-09-10): 720# Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and 721# ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013.... 722# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 723# 724# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08): 725# That web page currently lists transitions for 2012/3 and 2013/4. 726# Assume the pattern instituted in 2012 will continue indefinitely. 727 728# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 729Rule WS 2010 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1 - 730Rule WS 2011 only - Apr Sat>=1 4:00 0 - 731Rule WS 2011 only - Sep lastSat 3:00 1 - 732Rule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 - 733Rule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 - 734# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 735Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1892 Jul 5 736 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 737 -11:30 - -1130 1950 738 -11:00 WS -11/-10 2011 Dec 29 24:00 739 13:00 WS +13/+14 740 741# Solomon Is 742# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 743# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 744Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 745 11:00 - +11 746 747# Tokelau 748# 749# From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29) 750# A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping 751# December 31 this year ... 752# 753# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25) 754# ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking 755# about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13.... 756# Shanks says UT-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change 757# actually was to UT-11 back then. 758# 759# From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25) 760# A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of 761# Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948, 762# <https://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau 763# was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger 764# are off by an hour starting in 1901. 765 766# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 767Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 768 -11:00 - -11 2011 Dec 30 769 13:00 - +13 770 771# Tonga 772# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 773Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 - 774Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 775Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - 776Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 777Rule Tonga 2016 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - 778Rule Tonga 2017 only - Jan Sun>=15 3:00 0 - 779# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 780Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 781 12:20 - +1220 1941 782 13:00 - +13 1999 783 13:00 Tonga +13/+14 784 785# Tuvalu 786# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 787Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 788 12:00 - +12 789 790 791# US minor outlying islands 792 793# Howland, Baker 794# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British 795# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. 796# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; 797# uninhabited thereafter. 798# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT -10:30) in 1937; 799# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, 800# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). 801# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 802# until they were abandoned after the war. 803 804# Jarvis 805# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. 806# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; 807# uninhabited thereafter. 808# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 809 810# Johnston 811# 812# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10): 813# Sometimes Johnston kept Hawaii time, and sometimes it was an hour behind. 814# Details are uncertain. We have no data for Johnston after 1970, so 815# treat it like Hawaii for now. Since Johnston is now uninhabited, 816# its link to Pacific/Honolulu is in the 'backward' file. 817# 818# In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945 819# <http://www.315bw.org/Herb_Bach.htm> (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes, 820# "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM 821# Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time." This was in June 1945, and 822# confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945. 823# 824# From Lyle McElhaney (2014-03-11): 825# [W]hen JI was being used for that [atomic bomb] testing, the time being used 826# was not Hawaiian time but rather the same time being used on the ships, 827# which had a GMT offset of -11 hours. This apparently applied to at least the 828# time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last 829# Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin, 830# "The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the 831# Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976. 832# https://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf 833# See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a 834# footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time 835# Minus One Hour". 836 837# Kingman 838# uninhabited 839 840# Midway 841# See Pacific/Pago_Pago. 842 843# Palmyra 844# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 845 846# Wake 847# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 848Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 849 12:00 - +12 850 851 852# Vanuatu 853# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 854Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 - 855Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 856Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 - 857Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 - 858Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 859Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 - 860# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 861Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 862 11:00 Vanuatu +11/+12 863 864# Wallis and Futuna 865# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 866Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 867 12:00 - +12 868 869############################################################################### 870 871# NOTES 872 873# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 874# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 875# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 876# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 877 878# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): 879# 880# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 881# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 882# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 883# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 884# 885# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source 886# for time zone data was the International Air Transport 887# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 888# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 889# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 890# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 891# 892# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 893# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 894# I found in the UCLA library. 895# 896# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 897# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 898# https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 899# 900# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 901# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 902# 903# I invented the abbreviation marked "*". 904# The following abbreviations are from other sources. 905# Corrections are welcome! 906# std dst 907# LMT Local Mean Time 908# 8:00 AWST AWDT Western Australia 909# 9:30 ACST ACDT Central Australia 910# 10:00 AEST AEDT Eastern Australia 911# 10:00 GST GDT* Guam through 2000 912# 10:00 ChST Chamorro 913# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 914# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 915# -11:00 SST Samoa 916# -10:00 HST Hawaii 917# 918# See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii. 919# See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galápagos Is. 920 921############################################################################### 922 923# Australia 924 925# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 926# Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting 927# region against region, rural against urban, and local against global. 928# For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving 929# Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native 930# Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was 931# very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a 932# Melbourne-based study) replete with the usual chuckleheaded 933# Queenslanders and straw-chewing yokels from the West prattling fables 934# about fading curtains and crazed farm animals." 935# Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History (1997-03-03) 936# http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/reviews/davison.htm 937 938# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 939# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 940# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml 941# summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 942 943# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 944# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 945# http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving 946# covers New South Wales in particular. 947 948# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 949# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as 'daylight' time. 950# It is called 'summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, 'summer' 951# and 'standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 952# abbreviation does _not_ change... 953# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 954# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 955# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 956# the phrase 'summer time' and does not use the phrase 'daylight 957# time'. 958# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 959# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases 'Eastern Standard Time' 960# or 'Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 961# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 962# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 963# prefixed by the word 'Australian' when referring to local times; 964# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 965 966# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 967# 968# Inspired by Mackin's remarks quoted above, earlier versions of this 969# file used "EST" for both Eastern Standard Time and Eastern Summer 970# Time in Australia, and similarly for "CST", "CWST", and "WST". 971# However, these abbreviations were confusing and were not common 972# practice among Australians, and there were justifiable complaints 973# about them, so I attempted to survey current Australian usage. 974# For the tz database, the full English phrase is not that important; 975# what matters is the abbreviation. It's difficult to survey the web 976# directly for abbreviation usage, as there are so many false hits for 977# strings like "EST" and "EDT", so I looked for pages that defined an 978# abbreviation for eastern or central DST in Australia, and got the 979# following numbers of unique hits for the listed Google queries: 980# 981# 10 "Eastern Daylight Time AEST" site:au [some are false hits] 982# 10 "Eastern Summer Time AEST" site:au 983# 10 "Summer Time AEDT" site:au 984# 13 "EDST Eastern Daylight Saving Time" site:au 985# 18 "Summer Time ESST" site:au 986# 28 "Eastern Daylight Saving Time EDST" site:au 987# 39 "EDT Eastern Daylight Time" site:au [some are false hits] 988# 53 "Eastern Daylight Time EDT" site:au [some are false hits] 989# 54 "AEDT Australian Eastern Daylight Time" site:au 990# 182 "Eastern Daylight Time AEDT" site:au 991# 992# 17 "Central Daylight Time CDT" site:au [some are false hits] 993# 46 "Central Daylight Time ACDT" site:au 994# 995# I tried several other variants (e.g., "Eastern Summer Time EST") but 996# they all returned fewer than 10 unique hits. I also looked for pages 997# mentioning both "western standard time" and an abbreviation, since 998# there is no WST in the US to generate false hits, and found: 999# 1000# 156 "western standard time" AWST site:au 1001# 226 "western standard time" WST site:au 1002# 1003# I then surveyed the top ten newspapers in Australia by circulation as 1004# listed in Wikipedia, using Google queries like "AEDT site:heraldsun.com.au" 1005# and obtaining estimated counts from the initial page of search results. 1006# All ten papers greatly preferred "AEDT" to "EDT". The papers 1007# surveyed were the Herald Sun, The Daily Telegraph, The Courier-Mail, 1008# The Sydney Morning Herald, The West Australian, The Age, The Advertiser, 1009# The Australian, The Financial Review, and The Herald (Newcastle). 1010# 1011# I also searched for historical usage, to see whether abbreviations 1012# like "AEDT" are new. A Trove search <http://trove.nla.gov.au/> 1013# found only one newspaper (The Canberra Times) with a house style 1014# dating back to the 1970s, I expect because other newspapers weren't 1015# fully indexed. The Canberra Times strongly preferred abbreviations 1016# like "AEDT". The first occurrence of "AEDT" was a World Weather 1017# column (1971-11-17, page 24), and of "ACDT" was a Scoreboard column 1018# (1993-01-24, p 16). The style was the typical usage but was not 1019# strictly enforced; for example, "Welcome to the twilight zones ..." 1020# (1994-10-29, p 1) uses the abbreviations AEST/AEDT, CST/CDT, and 1021# WST, and goes on to say, "The confusion and frustration some feel 1022# about the lack of uniformity among Australia's six states and two 1023# territories has prompted one group to form its very own political 1024# party -- the Sydney-based Daylight Saving Extension Party." 1025# 1026# I also surveyed federal government sources. They did not agree: 1027# 1028# The Australian Government (2014-03-26) 1029# http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/time 1030# (This document was produced by the Department of Finance.) 1031# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT 1032# 1033# Bureau of Meteorology (2012-11-08) 1034# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml 1035# EST CST WST EDT CDT 1036# 1037# Civil Aviation Safety Authority (undated) 1038# http://services.casa.gov.au/outnback/inc/pages/episode3/episode-3_time_zones.shtml 1039# EST CST WST (no abbreviations given for DST) 1040# 1041# Geoscience Australia (2011-11-24) 1042# http://www.ga.gov.au/geodesy/astro/sunrise.jsp 1043# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT 1044# 1045# Parliamentary Library (2008-11-10) 1046# https://www.aph.gov.au/binaries/library/pubs/rp/2008-09/09rp14.pdf 1047# EST CST WST preferred for standard time; AEST AEDT ACST ACDT also used 1048# 1049# The Transport Safety Bureau has an extensive series of accident reports, 1050# and investigators seem to use whatever abbreviation they like. 1051# Googling site:atsb.gov.au found the following number of unique hits: 1052# 311 "ESuT", 195 "EDT", 26 "AEDT", 83 "CSuT", 46 "CDT". 1053# "_SuT" tended to appear in older reports, and "A_DT" tended to 1054# appear in reports of events with international implications. 1055# 1056# From the above it appears that there is a working consensus in 1057# Australia to use trailing "DT" for daylight saving time; although 1058# some sources use trailing "SST" or "ST" or "SuT" they are by far in 1059# the minority. The case for leading "A" is weaker, but since it 1060# seems to be preferred in the overall web and is preferred in all 1061# the leading newspaper websites and in many government departments, 1062# it has a stronger case than omitting the leading "A". The current 1063# version of the database therefore uses abbreviations like "AEST" and 1064# "AEDT" for Australian time zones. 1065 1066# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 1067# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1068# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 1069# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 1070# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 1071# and perhaps the newspaper's '2:00' is referring to standard time. 1072# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 1073 1074# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 1075# 1076# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 1077# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 1078# relevant entries in this database. 1079# 1080# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 1081# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 1082# https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html 1083# ACT 1084# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 1085# https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html 1086# SA 1087# Standard Time Act, 1898 1088# https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html 1089 1090# From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 1091# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 1092# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 1093# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 1094# in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 1095# 1096# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 1097# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 1098# to extend DST together in 2006. 1099# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 1100# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 1101# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 1102# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 1103# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 1104# allude to it. 1105# But not Queensland 1106# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html 1107 1108# Northern Territory 1109 1110# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1111# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 1112# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1113# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 1114# ... 1115# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 1116 1117# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1118# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1119# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 1120 1121# Western Australia 1122 1123# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1124# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 1125# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1126# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 1127# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 1128# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 1129# # before reaching parliament. 1130# ... 1131# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 1132# ... 1133# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1134# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1135# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1136# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1137 1138# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1139# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1140# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 1141 1142# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 1143# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 1144# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 1145# work at 9.00am.) 1146# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 1147# everybody again. 1148 1149# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1150# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 1151# it matches what was used in the past. 1152 1153# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 1154# http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm 1155# (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 1156# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 1157 1158# From Paul Eggert (2018-04-01): 1159# The Guardian Express of Perth, Australia reported today that the 1160# government decided to advance the clocks permanently on January 1, 1161# 2019, from UT +08 to UT +09. The article noted that an exemption 1162# would be made for people aged 61 and over, who "can apply in writing 1163# to have the extra hour of sunshine removed from their area." See: 1164# Daylight saving coming to WA in 2019. Guardian Express. 2018-04-01. 1165# https://www.communitynews.com.au/guardian-express/news/exclusive-daylight-savings-coming-wa-summer-2018/ 1166 1167# Queensland 1168 1169# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-26): 1170# I lack access to the following source for Queensland DST: 1171# Pearce C. History of daylight saving time in Queensland. 1172# Queensland Hist J. 2017 Aug;23(6):389-403 1173# https://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=994682348436426;res=IELHSS 1174 1175# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1176# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 1177# # [ Dec 1990 ] 1178# ... 1179# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 1180# ... 1181# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1182# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 1183# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1184# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 1185 1186# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 1187# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 1188# October 1989). 1189 1190# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1191# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1192# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1193# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1194 1195# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 1196# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 1197# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 1198# me.) 1199 1200# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 1201# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 1202# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 1203# ... 1204# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1205# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1206# ... 1207 1208# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1209# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 1210 1211# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 1212# from Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 1213# WA are trialing DST for three years. 1214# http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf 1215 1216# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 1217# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 1218# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 1219# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 1220# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 1221# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 1222# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 1223# Australia and Western Australia.... 1224# 1225# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 1226# This is confirmed by the section entitled 1227# "What's the deal with time zones???" in 1228# http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html 1229# 1230# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 1231# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 1232# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 1233# coast of the continent. 1234# 1235# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 1236# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 1237# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 1238# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 1239# the largest population centre in this zone.... 1240# 1241# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 1242# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 1243# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 1244# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 1245# 1246# (2006-12-09): 1247# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 1248# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 1249# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 1250# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 1251 1252# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 1253# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 1254# introduction of standard time in 1895. 1255 1256 1257# southeast Australia 1258# 1259# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1260# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT 1261# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. 1262# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html 1263 1264 1265# South Australia 1266 1267# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1268# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1269# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1270# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1271 1272# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1273# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 1274# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1275# ... 1276# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 1277# ... 1278# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1279# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1280# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 1281# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1282 1283# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 1284# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 1285# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 1286# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 1287 1288# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 1289# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 1290# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 1291# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 1292# is on... 1293 1294# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 1295# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 1296# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 1297# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 1298 1299# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 1300# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 1301# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 1302# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 1303 1304# From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 1305# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 1306# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 1307# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 1308 1309# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1310# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1311 1312# Tasmania 1313 1314# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1315# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1316# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1317# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1318 1319# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 1320# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 1321# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 1322# (but nothing new about that). 1323 1324# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 1325# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 1326# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 1327# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 1328# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 1329# instead of the first Sunday in October. 1330 1331# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 1332# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 1333 1334# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1335# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1336 1337# Victoria 1338 1339# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1340# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1341# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1342# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1343 1344# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 1345# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 1346# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 1347# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 1348# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 1349# in Melbourne, Australia. 1350# 1351# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 1352# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 1353# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 1354# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 1355# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 1356# expected time. 1357# 1358# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 1359# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 1360# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 1361# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 1362# 1363# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 1364# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 1365 1366# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1367# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1368 1369# New South Wales 1370 1371# From Arthur David Olson: 1372# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 1373# Based on law library research by John Mackin, 1374# who notes: 1375# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 1376# individual states. Thus, while such terms as "Eastern Standard Time" 1377# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 1378# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 1379# legislation. This is very important to understand. 1380# I have researched New South Wales time only... 1381 1382# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 1383# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 1384# October in 2000. See: Matthew Moore, 1385# Two months more daylight saving, Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26). 1386# http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html 1387 1388# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 1389# See the following official NSW source: 1390# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 1391# http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ 1392# 1393# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 1394# daylight saving next year. See: 1395# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 1396# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm 1397# (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 1398# 1399# Victoria will follow NSW. See: 1400# Vic to extend daylight saving (1999-07-28) 1401# http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm 1402# 1403# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 1404# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request (1999-07-19) 1405# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm 1406# 1407# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 1408# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 1409# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm 1410# (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 1411# "Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 1412# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 1413# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 1414# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 1415# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules." 1416# 1417# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 1418# Broken Hill to be behind the times (1999-07-21) 1419# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm 1420 1421# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 1422# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 1423# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 1424 1425# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 1426# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 1427# towns to use Queensland time. 1428 1429# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1430# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1431 1432# Yancowinna 1433 1434# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 1435# 'Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 1436 1437# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1438# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 1439# # [ Dec 1990 ] 1440# ... 1441# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 1442# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 1443# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 1444# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 1445# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 1446# # presently available. 1447# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 1448# ... 1449# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1450# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 1451# [followed by other Rules] 1452 1453# Lord Howe Island 1454 1455# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1456# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 1457# [ Dec 1990 ] 1458# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 1459# hour ahead of NSW time. 1460 1461# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 1462# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 1463# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 1464# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 1465# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 1466# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1467# instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents 1468# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 1469# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 1470# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 1471 1472# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 1473# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 1474# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 1475# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 1476# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 1477# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 1478 1479# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1480# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1481# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 1482 1483# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1484# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1485 1486# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): 1487# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight 1488# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 1489# summer (southern hemisphere). 1490# 1491# From 1492# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf 1493# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling 1494# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. 1495# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each 1496# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. 1497# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia 1498# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and 1499# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... 1500# 1501# We have a wrap-up here: 1502# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html 1503############################################################################### 1504 1505# New Zealand 1506 1507# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 1508# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 1509# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 1510# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 1511# source - phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 1512 1513# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1514# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 1515# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1516# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 1517# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1518# ... 1519# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1520# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1521# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1522# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 1523# ... 1524# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 1525# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 1526 1527# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1528# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 1529# rather than the October 1 value. 1530 1531# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1532# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1533# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 1534# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 1535# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 1536# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 1537# 1538# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1539# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1540# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.html for the full references. 1541# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1542# 1543# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1544# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1545# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 1546 1547# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1548# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1549# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1550# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1551# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1552 1553# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-14): 1554# Chatham Island time was formally standardized on 1957-01-01 by 1555# New Zealand's Standard Time Amendment Act 1956 (1956-10-26). 1556# https://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/legis/hist_act/staa19561956n100244.pdf 1557# According to Google Books snippet view, a speaker in the New Zealand 1558# parliamentary debates in 1956 said "Clause 78 makes provision for standard 1559# time in the Chatham Islands. The time there is 45 minutes in advance of New 1560# Zealand time. I understand that is the time they keep locally, anyhow." 1561# For now, assume this practice goes back to the introduction of standard time 1562# in New Zealand, as this would make Chatham Islands time almost exactly match 1563# LMT back when New Zealand was at UT +11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did 1564# not observe New Zealand's prewar DST. 1565 1566############################################################################### 1567 1568 1569# Fiji 1570 1571# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 1572# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 1573# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 1574 1575# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 1576# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 1577# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 1578# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 1579 1580# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 1581# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 1582 1583# From the BBC World Service in 1584# http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC): 1585# The Fijian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1586# improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also 1587# intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning 1588# of the new millennium. 1589 1590# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 1591# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 1592 1593 1594# Kiribati 1595 1596# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1597# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1598# "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995" 1599# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 1600 1601# From Kerry Shetline (2018-02-03): 1602# December 31 was the day that was skipped, so that the transition 1603# would be from Friday December 30, 1994 to Sunday January 1, 1995. 1604# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-04): 1605# One source for this is page 202 of: Bartky IR. One Time Fits All: 1606# The Campaigns for Global Uniformity (2007). 1607 1608# Kwajalein 1609 1610# From an AP article (1993-08-22): 1611# "The nearly 3,000 Americans living on this remote Pacific atoll have a good 1612# excuse for not remembering Saturday night: there wasn't one. Residents were 1613# going to bed Friday night and waking up Sunday morning because at midnight 1614# -- 8 A.M. Eastern daylight time on Saturday -- Kwajalein was jumping from 1615# one side of the international date line to the other." 1616# "In Marshall Islands, Friday is followed by Sunday", NY Times. 1993-08-22. 1617# https://www.nytimes.com/1993/08/22/world/in-marshall-islands-friday-is-followed-by-sunday.html 1618 1619# From Phake Nick (2018-10-27): 1620# <https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/南洋群島の標準時> ... pointed out that 1621# currently tzdata say Pacific/Kwajalein switched from GMT+11 to GMT-12 in 1622# 1969 October without explanation, however an 1993 article from NYT say it 1623# synchorized its day with US mainland about 40 years ago and thus the switch 1624# should occur at around 1950s instead. 1625# 1626# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): 1627# The NYT (actually, AP) article is vague and possibly wrong about this. 1628# The article says the earlier switch was "40 years ago when the United States 1629# Army established a missile test range here". However, the Kwajalein Test 1630# Center was established on 1960-10-01 and was run by the US Navy. It was 1631# transferred to the US Army on 1964-07-01. See "Seize the High Ground" 1632# <https://history.army.mil/html/books/070/70-88-1/cmhPub_70-88-1.pdf>. 1633# Given that Shanks was right on the money about the 1993 change, I'm inclined 1634# to take Shanks's word for the 1969 change unless we find better evidence. 1635 1636 1637# N Mariana Is, Guam 1638 1639# From Phake Nick (2018-10-27): 1640# Guam Island was briefly annexed by Japan during ... year 1941-1944 ... 1641# however there are no detailed information about what time it use during that 1642# period. It would probably be reasonable to assume Guam use GMT+9 during 1643# that period of time like the surrounding area. 1644 1645# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): 1646# Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 1647# Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones 1648# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 1649# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 1650# see Asia/Manila. 1651# 1652# Use 1941-12-10 and 1944-07-31 for Guam WWII transitions, as the rough start 1653# and end of Japanese control of Agana. We don't know whether the Northern 1654# Marianas followed Guam's DST rules from 1959 through 1977; for now, assume 1655# they did as that avoids the need for a separate zone due to our 1970 cutoff. 1656# 1657# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UT +10 the official standard time, 1658# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 1659# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 1660# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 1661 1662# See also the commentary for Micronesia. 1663 1664 1665# Marshall Is 1666# See the commentary for Micronesia. 1667 1668 1669# Micronesia (and nearby) 1670 1671# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): 1672# Like the Ladrones (see Guam commentary), assume the Spanish East Indies 1673# kept American time until the Philippines switched at the end of 1844. 1674 1675# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 1676# "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk' 1677# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10." 1678# 1679# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UT +10 to +11 1680# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 1681 1682# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 1683# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1684# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26) 1685# http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html 1686# that Truk and Yap are UT +10, and Ponape and Kosrae are +11. 1687# We don't know when Kosrae switched from +12; assume January 1 for now. 1688 1689# From Phake Nick (2018-10-27): 1690# 1691# From a Japanese wiki site https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/南洋群島の標準時 1692# ... 1693# For "Southern Islands" (modern region of Mariana + Palau + Federation of 1694# Micronesia + Marshall Islands): 1695# 1696# A 1906 Japanese magazine shown the Caroline Islands and Mariana Islands 1697# who was occupied by Germany at the time as GMT+10, together with the like 1698# of German New Guinea. However there is a marking saying it have not been 1699# implemented (yet). No further information after that were found. 1700# 1701# Japan invaded those islands in 1914, and records shows that they were 1702# instructed to use JST at the time. 1703# 1704# 1915 January telecommunication record on the Jaluit Atoll shows they use 1705# the meridian of 170E as standard time (GMT+11:20), which is similar to the 1706# longitude of the atoll. 1707# 1915 February record say the 170E standard time is to be used until 1708# February 9 noon, and after February 9 noon they are to use JST. 1709# However these are time used within the Japanese Military at the time and 1710# probably does not reflect the time used by local resident at the time (that 1711# is if they keep their own time back then) 1712# 1713# In January 1919 the occupying force issued a command that split the area 1714# into three different timezone with meridian of 135E, 150E, 165E (JST+0, +1, 1715# +2), and the command was to become effective from February 1 of the same 1716# year. Despite the target of the command is still only for the occupying 1717# force itself, further publication have described the time as the standard 1718# time for the occupied area and thus it can probably be seen as such. 1719# * Area that use meridian of 135E: Palau and Yap civil administration area 1720# (Southern Islands Western Standard Time) 1721# * Area that use meridian of 150E: Truk (Chuuk) and Saipan civil 1722# administration area (Southern Islands Central Standard Time) 1723# * Area that use meridian of 165E: Ponape (Pohnpei) and Jaluit civil 1724# administration area (Southern Islands Eastern Standard Time). 1725# * In the next few years Japanese occupation of those islands have been 1726# formalized via League of Nation Mandate (South Pacific Mandate) and formal 1727# governance structure have been established, these district [become 1728# subprefectures] and timezone classification have been inherited as standard 1729# time of the area. 1730# * Saipan subprefecture include Mariana islands (exclude Guam which was 1731# occupied by America at the time), Palau and Yap subprefecture rule the 1732# Western Caroline Islands with 137E longitude as border, Truk and Ponape 1733# subprefecture rule the Eastern Caroline Islands with 154E as border, Ponape 1734# subprefecture also rule part of Marshall Islands to the west of 164E 1735# starting from (1918?) and Jaluit subprefecture rule the rest of the 1736# Marshall Islands. 1737# 1738# And then in year 1937, an announcement was made to change the time in the 1739# area into 2 timezones: 1740# * Area that use meridian of 135E: area administered by Palau, Yap and 1741# Saipan subprefecture (Southern Islands Western Standard Time) 1742# * Area that use meridian of 150E: area administered by Truk (Chuuk), 1743# Ponape (Pohnpei) and Jaluit subprefecture (Southern Islands Eastern 1744# Standard Time) 1745# 1746# Another announcement issued in 1941 say that on April 1 that year, 1747# standard time of the Southern Islands would be changed to use the meridian 1748# of 135E (GMT+9), and thus abolishing timezone different within the area. 1749# 1750# Then Pacific theater of WWII started and Japan slowly lose control on the 1751# island. The webpage I linked above contain no information during this 1752# period of time.... 1753# 1754# After the end of WWII, in 1946 February, a document written by the 1755# (former?) Japanese military personnel describe there are 3 hours time 1756# different between Caroline islands time/Wake island time and the Chungking 1757# time, which would mean the time being used there at the time was GMT+10. 1758# 1759# After that, the area become Trust Territories of the Pacific Islands 1760# under American administration from year 1947. The site listed some 1761# American/International books/maps/publications about time used in those 1762# area during this period of time but they doesn't seems to be reliable 1763# information so it would be the best if someone know where can more reliable 1764# information can be found. 1765# 1766# 1767# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): 1768# 1769# For the above, use vague dates like "1914" and "1945" for transitions that 1770# plausibly exist but for which the details are not known. The information 1771# for Wake is too sketchy to act on. 1772# 1773# The 1906 GMT+10 info about German-controlled islands might not have been 1774# done, so omit it from the data for now. 1775# 1776# The Jaluit info governs Kwajalein. 1777 1778 1779# Midway 1780 1781# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1782# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1783# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1784# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1785# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1786# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1787# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1788# air at 6am your time. 1789# 1790# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1791# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1792# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1793# in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1794 1795# Nauru 1796 1797# From Phake Nick (2018-10-31): 1798# Currently, the tz database say Nauru use LMT until 1921, and then 1799# switched to GMT+11:30 for the next two decades. 1800# However, a number of timezone map published in America/Japan back then 1801# showed its timezone as GMT+11 per https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/ナウルの標準時 1802# And it would also be nice if the 1921 transition date could be sourced. 1803# ... 1804# The "Nauru Standard Time Act 1978 Time Change" 1805# http://ronlaw.gov.nr/nauru_lpms/files/gazettes/4b23a17d2030150404db7a5fa5872f52.pdf#page=3 1806# based on "Nauru Standard Time Act 1978 Time Change" 1807# http://www.paclii.org/nr/legis/num_act/nsta1978207/ defined that "Nauru 1808# Alternative Time" (GMT+12) should be in effect from 1979 Feb. 1809# 1810# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-19): 1811# The 1921-01-15 introduction of standard time is in Shanks; it is also in 1812# "Standard Time Throughout the World", US National Bureau of Standards (1935), 1813# page 3, which does not give the UT offset. In response to a comment by 1814# Phake Nick I set the Nauru time of occupation by Japan to 1815# 1942-08-29/1945-09-08 by using dates from: 1816# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Nauru 1817 1818# Norfolk 1819 1820# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2015-09-23): 1821# Norfolk Island will change ... from +1130 to +1100: 1822# https://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2015L01483/Explanatory%20Statement/Text 1823# ... at 12.30 am (by legal time in New South Wales) on 4 October 2015. 1824# http://www.norfolkisland.gov.nf/nia/MediaRelease/Media%20Release%20Norfolk%20Island%20Standard%20Time%20Change.pdf 1825 1826# From Paul Eggert (2015-09-23): 1827# Transitions before 2015 are from timeanddate.com, which consulted 1828# the Norfolk Island Museum and the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's 1829# Norfolk Island station, and found no record of Norfolk observing DST 1830# other than in 1974/5. See: 1831# https://www.timeanddate.com/time/australia/norfolk-island.html 1832 1833# Palau 1834# See commentary for Micronesia. 1835 1836# Pitcairn 1837 1838# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 1839# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 1840# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 1841# 1842# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 1843# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 1844# as Pitcairn Standard Time. 1845# 1846# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 1847# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 1848# somehow in light of this proclamation. 1849 1850# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 1851# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 1852# ... at midnight. 1853 1854# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 1855# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 1856# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be ½ hour different from us here in 1857# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 1858 1859 1860# (Western) Samoa and American Samoa 1861 1862# Howse writes (p 153) that after the 1879 standardization on Antipodean 1863# time by the British governor of Fiji, the King of Samoa decided to change 1864# "the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 1865# ordaining - by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery - that 1866# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year." 1867# This happened in 1892, according to the Evening News (Sydney) of 1892-07-20. 1868# https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl.htm 1869 1870# Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UT -11:30 1871# in 1911, and to -11 in 1950. many earlier sources give -11 1872# for American Samoa, e.g., the US National Bureau of Standards 1873# circular "Standard Time Throughout the World", 1932. 1874# Assume American Samoa switched to -11 in 1911, not 1950, 1875# and that after 1950 they agreed until (western) Samoa skipped a 1876# day in 2011. Assume also that the Samoas follow the US and New 1877# Zealand's "ST"/"DT" style of daylight-saving abbreviations. 1878 1879 1880# Tonga 1881 1882# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1883# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting 1884# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time." 1885# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 1886 1887# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 1888# How Tonga became 'The Land where Time Begins': 1889# http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm 1890# 1891# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 1892# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 1893# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 1894# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 1895# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13° 1896# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 1897# 1898# Because His Majesty King Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 1899# Tungī, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 1900# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 1901# 1902# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 1903# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 1904# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 1905# minutes we have lost?" 1906# 1907# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 1908# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 1909# to say your prayers in the morning." 1910 1911# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1912# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 1913 1914# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 1915# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium 1916# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 1917# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 1918# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 1919# Government. 1920 1921# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1922# * Tonga will introduce DST in November 1923# 1924# I was given this link by John Letts: 1925# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 1926# 1927# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 1928# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 1929# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 1930# (12 + 1 hour DST). 1931 1932# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 1933# According to <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html>: 1934# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 1935# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 1936# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 1937# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 1938# set back an hour on the closing date." 1939# Alas, no indication of the time of day. 1940 1941# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 1942# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 1943# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 1944 1945# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 1946# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 1947# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 1948# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 1949# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 1950# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 1951# (Original URL was <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm>) 1952 1953# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 1954# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 1955 1956# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 1957# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 1958# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 1959# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 1960# hour to 1:00am. 1961 1962# From Pulu ʻAnau (2002-11-05): 1963# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 1964 1965# From Pulu ʻAnau (2016-10-27): 1966# http://mic.gov.to/news-today/press-releases/6375-daylight-saving-set-to-run-from-6-november-2016-to-15-january-2017 1967# Cannot find anyone who knows the rules, has seen the duration or has seen 1968# the cabinet decision, but it appears we are following Fiji's rule set. 1969# 1970# From Tim Parenti (2016-10-26): 1971# Assume Tonga will observe DST from the first Sunday in November at 02:00 1972# through the third Sunday in January at 03:00, like Fiji, for now. 1973 1974# From David Wade (2017-10-18): 1975# In August government was disolved by the King. The current prime minister 1976# continued in office in care taker mode. It is easy to see that few 1977# decisions will be made until elections 16th November. 1978# 1979# From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18): 1980# For now, guess that DST is discontinued. That's what the IATA is guessing. 1981 1982 1983# Wake 1984 1985# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1986# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1987# 1988# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the 1989# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1990# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1991# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1992# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1993# impossible. 1994# 1995# https://www.trumanlibrary.org/oralhist/andrsonv.htm 1996 1997# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1998# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1999 2000# See also the commentary for Micronesia. 2001 2002 2003############################################################################### 2004 2005# The International Date Line 2006 2007# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 2008# 2009# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 2010# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 2011# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 2012# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 2013# 2014# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 2015# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 2016# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 2017# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 2018# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 2019# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 2020# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 2021# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 2022# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 2023# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 2024# correct date is ambiguous. 2025 2026# From Wikipedia <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 2027# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 2028# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 2029# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 2030# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 2031# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 2032# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 2033# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 2034# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 2035# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 2036# entry into another zone time - he often chose midnight. These zones were 2037# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 2038# independent merchant ships until World War II. 2039 2040# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 2041# (2005-03-20): 2042# 2043# The American Practical Navigator (2002) 2044# http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187 2045# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 2046# international waters; it ignores the international date line. 2047