xref: /titanic_44/usr/src/data/zoneinfo/asia (revision 337881e87d4731f5d8becf81c1b15d0ae86b39e4)
19b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# tzdb data for Asia and environs
29b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman
345ba3153SMarcel Telka# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
445ba3153SMarcel Telka# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
545ba3153SMarcel Telka
645ba3153SMarcel Telka# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
745ba3153SMarcel Telka# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
845ba3153SMarcel Telka# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
945ba3153SMarcel Telka# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
1045ba3153SMarcel Telka
11*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# From Paul Eggert (2019-07-11):
1245ba3153SMarcel Telka#
1345ba3153SMarcel Telka# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
1445ba3153SMarcel Telka# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
1545ba3153SMarcel Telka# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
1645ba3153SMarcel Telka# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
1745ba3153SMarcel Telka#
18489eee58SDan McDonald# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
19489eee58SDan McDonald# for time zone data was the International Air Transport
2045ba3153SMarcel Telka# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
2145ba3153SMarcel Telka# published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
2245ba3153SMarcel Telka# of the IATA's data after 1990.  Except where otherwise noted,
2345ba3153SMarcel Telka# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
2445ba3153SMarcel Telka#
2545ba3153SMarcel Telka# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
2645ba3153SMarcel Telka# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
2745ba3153SMarcel Telka# I found in the UCLA library.
2845ba3153SMarcel Telka#
2945ba3153SMarcel Telka# For data circa 1899, a common source is:
3045ba3153SMarcel Telka# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
31226a4d14SYuri Pankov# https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
3245ba3153SMarcel Telka#
3345ba3153SMarcel Telka# For Russian data circa 1919, a source is:
3445ba3153SMarcel Telka# Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919.
3545ba3153SMarcel Telka# (See the 'europe' file for a fuller citation.)
3645ba3153SMarcel Telka#
3745ba3153SMarcel Telka# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
3845ba3153SMarcel Telka# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
3945ba3153SMarcel Telka#
409b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# The following alphabetic abbreviations appear in these tables
419b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# (corrections are welcome):
4245ba3153SMarcel Telka#	     std  dst
4345ba3153SMarcel Telka#	     LMT	Local Mean Time
4445ba3153SMarcel Telka#	2:00 EET  EEST	Eastern European Time
4545ba3153SMarcel Telka#	2:00 IST  IDT	Israel
4645ba3153SMarcel Telka#	5:30 IST	India
4745ba3153SMarcel Telka#	7:00 WIB	west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat)
4845ba3153SMarcel Telka#	8:00 WITA	central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah)
4945ba3153SMarcel Telka#	8:00 CST	China
50*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman#	8:00 HKT  HKST	Hong Kong (HKWT* for Winter Time in late 1941)
51*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman#	8:00 PST  PDT*	Philippines
52489eee58SDan McDonald#	8:30 KST  KDT	Korea when at +0830
5345ba3153SMarcel Telka#	9:00 WIT	east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur)
5445ba3153SMarcel Telka#	9:00 JST  JDT	Japan
5545ba3153SMarcel Telka#	9:00 KST  KDT	Korea when at +09
56*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# *I invented the abbreviations HKWT and PDT; see below.
57489eee58SDan McDonald# Otherwise, these tables typically use numeric abbreviations like +03
5880ca1ec9SYuri Pankov# and +0330 for integer hour and minute UT offsets.  Although earlier
59489eee58SDan McDonald# editions invented alphabetic time zone abbreviations for every
60489eee58SDan McDonald# offset, this did not reflect common practice.
6145ba3153SMarcel Telka#
6245ba3153SMarcel Telka# See the 'europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
6345ba3153SMarcel Telka
6445ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Guy Harris:
6545ba3153SMarcel Telka# Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
6645ba3153SMarcel Telka# additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
6745ba3153SMarcel Telka# Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
68489eee58SDan McDonald# Worldwide Edition).
6945ba3153SMarcel Telka
7045ba3153SMarcel Telka###############################################################################
7145ba3153SMarcel Telka
7245ba3153SMarcel Telka# These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file.
7345ba3153SMarcel Telka# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
7445ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	EUAsia	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 1:00u	1:00	S
7545ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	EUAsia	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-
7645ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	EUAsia	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-
778e22b25cSYuri PankovRule E-EurAsia	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00	1:00	-
7845ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule E-EurAsia	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
7945ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule E-EurAsia	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
808e22b25cSYuri PankovRule RussiaAsia	1981	1984	-	Apr	1	 0:00	1:00	-
8145ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule RussiaAsia	1981	1983	-	Oct	1	 0:00	0	-
8245ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule RussiaAsia	1984	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
838e22b25cSYuri PankovRule RussiaAsia	1985	2010	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	-
84226a4d14SYuri PankovRule RussiaAsia	1996	2010	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
8545ba3153SMarcel Telka
8645ba3153SMarcel Telka# Afghanistan
87*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
8845ba3153SMarcel TelkaZone	Asia/Kabul	4:36:48 -	LMT	1890
89489eee58SDan McDonald			4:00	-	+04	1945
90489eee58SDan McDonald			4:30	-	+0430
9145ba3153SMarcel Telka
9245ba3153SMarcel Telka# Armenia
9345ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
9445ba3153SMarcel Telka# Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST)
9545ba3153SMarcel Telka# in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then
9645ba3153SMarcel Telka# readopting Russian DST in 1997.  Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even
9745ba3153SMarcel Telka# when they disagree with others.  Edgar Der-Danieliantz
9845ba3153SMarcel Telka# reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST
9945ba3153SMarcel Telka# in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995.  IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that
10045ba3153SMarcel Telka# Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991,
10145ba3153SMarcel Telka# but started switching at 3:00s in 1998.
10245ba3153SMarcel Telka
10345ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
10445ba3153SMarcel Telka# While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to
10545ba3153SMarcel Telka# follow Russia's "old" rules.
10645ba3153SMarcel Telka
10745ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-02-10):
10845ba3153SMarcel Telka# According to News Armenia, on Feb 9, 2012,
10945ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://newsarmenia.ru/society/20120209/42609695.html
11045ba3153SMarcel Telka#
11145ba3153SMarcel Telka# The Armenia National Assembly adopted final reading of Amendments to the
11245ba3153SMarcel Telka# Law "On procedure of calculation time on the territory of the Republic of
11345ba3153SMarcel Telka# Armenia" according to which Armenia [is] abolishing Daylight Saving Time.
11445ba3153SMarcel Telka# or
11545ba3153SMarcel Telka# (brief)
11645ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_armenia03.html
117226a4d14SYuri Pankov# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
1188e22b25cSYuri PankovRule Armenia	2011	only	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	-
119226a4d14SYuri PankovRule Armenia	2011	only	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
120*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
12145ba3153SMarcel TelkaZone	Asia/Yerevan	2:58:00 -	LMT	1924 May  2
12245ba3153SMarcel Telka			3:00	-	+03	1957 Mar
12345ba3153SMarcel Telka			4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
12445ba3153SMarcel Telka			3:00 RussiaAsia	+03/+04	1995 Sep 24  2:00s
12545ba3153SMarcel Telka			4:00	-	+04	1997
126226a4d14SYuri Pankov			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	2011
127226a4d14SYuri Pankov			4:00	Armenia	+04/+05
12845ba3153SMarcel Telka
12945ba3153SMarcel Telka# Azerbaijan
13045ba3153SMarcel Telka
13145ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23):
13245ba3153SMarcel Telka# According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997
13345ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Paul Eggert (2015-09-17): It was Resolution No. 21 (1997-03-17).
13445ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://code.az/files/daylight_res.pdf
13545ba3153SMarcel Telka
13645ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-03-17):
13745ba3153SMarcel Telka# ... the Azerbaijani Cabinet of Ministers has cancelled switching to
13845ba3153SMarcel Telka# daylight saving time....
139226a4d14SYuri Pankov# https://www.azernews.az/azerbaijan/94137.html
14045ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/Azerbaijani-Cabinet-of-Ministers-cancels-daylight-saving-time.html
14145ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://en.apa.az/xeber_azerbaijan_abolishes_daylight_savings_ti_240862.html
14245ba3153SMarcel Telka
14345ba3153SMarcel Telka# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
1448e22b25cSYuri PankovRule	Azer	1997	2015	-	Mar	lastSun	 4:00	1:00	-
14545ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Azer	1997	2015	-	Oct	lastSun	 5:00	0	-
146*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
14745ba3153SMarcel TelkaZone	Asia/Baku	3:19:24 -	LMT	1924 May  2
14845ba3153SMarcel Telka			3:00	-	+03	1957 Mar
14945ba3153SMarcel Telka			4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
15045ba3153SMarcel Telka			3:00 RussiaAsia	+03/+04	1992 Sep lastSun  2:00s
15145ba3153SMarcel Telka			4:00	-	+04	1996
15245ba3153SMarcel Telka			4:00	EUAsia	+04/+05	1997
15345ba3153SMarcel Telka			4:00	Azer	+04/+05
15445ba3153SMarcel Telka
15545ba3153SMarcel Telka# Bahrain
15645ba3153SMarcel Telka# See Asia/Qatar.
15745ba3153SMarcel Telka
15845ba3153SMarcel Telka# Bangladesh
15945ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13):
16045ba3153SMarcel Telka# According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce
16145ba3153SMarcel Telka# Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30
16245ba3153SMarcel Telka#
16345ba3153SMarcel Telka# Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16
16445ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288
16545ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html
16645ba3153SMarcel Telka#
16745ba3153SMarcel Telka# "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from
16845ba3153SMarcel Telka# June
16945ba3153SMarcel Telka# 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with
17045ba3153SMarcel Telka# crippling power crisis. "
17145ba3153SMarcel Telka#
17245ba3153SMarcel Telka# The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if
17345ba3153SMarcel Telka# implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010
17445ba3153SMarcel Telka
17545ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02):
17645ba3153SMarcel Telka# They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between
17745ba3153SMarcel Telka# the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet.
17845ba3153SMarcel Telka#
17945ba3153SMarcel Telka# Some sources:
180226a4d14SYuri Pankov# https://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601
18145ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2
18245ba3153SMarcel Telka#
18345ba3153SMarcel Telka# Our wrap-up:
184226a4d14SYuri Pankov# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html
18545ba3153SMarcel Telka
18645ba3153SMarcel Telka# From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15):
18745ba3153SMarcel Telka# Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start
18845ba3153SMarcel Telka# time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh
18945ba3153SMarcel Telka# Telecommunication Regulatory Commission).
19045ba3153SMarcel Telka#
19145ba3153SMarcel Telka# No DST end date has been announced yet.
19245ba3153SMarcel Telka
19345ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25):
19445ba3153SMarcel Telka# Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009,
19545ba3153SMarcel Telka# instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision.
19645ba3153SMarcel Telka#
19745ba3153SMarcel Telka# Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday":
19845ba3153SMarcel Telka# "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1"
19945ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021
20045ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html
20145ba3153SMarcel Telka
20245ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13):
20345ba3153SMarcel Telka# IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports:
20445ba3153SMarcel Telka# Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make
20545ba3153SMarcel Telka# maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would
20645ba3153SMarcel Telka# "continue for an indefinite period."
20745ba3153SMarcel Telka#
20845ba3153SMarcel Telka# One of many places where it is published:
20945ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html
21045ba3153SMarcel Telka
21145ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24):
21245ba3153SMarcel Telka# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
21345ba3153SMarcel Telka# Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009.
21445ba3153SMarcel Telka#
21545ba3153SMarcel Telka# Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night.
21645ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228
21745ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html
21845ba3153SMarcel Telka#
21945ba3153SMarcel Telka# "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour
22045ba3153SMarcel Telka# on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31,
22145ba3153SMarcel Telka# 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime
22245ba3153SMarcel Telka# Minister's Office last night..."
22345ba3153SMarcel Telka
22445ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22):
22545ba3153SMarcel Telka# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
22645ba3153SMarcel Telka# Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time
22745ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817
22845ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html
22945ba3153SMarcel Telka
23045ba3153SMarcel Telka# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
2318e22b25cSYuri PankovRule	Dhaka	2009	only	-	Jun	19	23:00	1:00	-
23245ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Dhaka	2009	only	-	Dec	31	24:00	0	-
23345ba3153SMarcel Telka
234*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
23545ba3153SMarcel TelkaZone	Asia/Dhaka	6:01:40 -	LMT	1890
23645ba3153SMarcel Telka			5:53:20	-	HMT	1941 Oct    # Howrah Mean Time?
237489eee58SDan McDonald			6:30	-	+0630	1942 May 15
238489eee58SDan McDonald			5:30	-	+0530	1942 Sep
239489eee58SDan McDonald			6:30	-	+0630	1951 Sep 30
240489eee58SDan McDonald			6:00	-	+06	2009
241489eee58SDan McDonald			6:00	Dhaka	+06/+07
24245ba3153SMarcel Telka
24345ba3153SMarcel Telka# Bhutan
244*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
24545ba3153SMarcel TelkaZone	Asia/Thimphu	5:58:36 -	LMT	1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu
246489eee58SDan McDonald			5:30	-	+0530	1987 Oct
247489eee58SDan McDonald			6:00	-	+06
24845ba3153SMarcel Telka
24945ba3153SMarcel Telka# British Indian Ocean Territory
25045ba3153SMarcel Telka# Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the
25145ba3153SMarcel Telka# 1997 and later maps say 6:00.  Assume the switch occurred in 1996.
25245ba3153SMarcel Telka# We have no information as to when standard time was introduced;
25345ba3153SMarcel Telka# assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which
25445ba3153SMarcel Telka# then contained the Chagos Archipelago).
255*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
25645ba3153SMarcel TelkaZone	Indian/Chagos	4:49:40	-	LMT	1907
257489eee58SDan McDonald			5:00	-	+05	1996
258489eee58SDan McDonald			6:00	-	+06
25945ba3153SMarcel Telka
26045ba3153SMarcel Telka# Brunei
261*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
26245ba3153SMarcel TelkaZone	Asia/Brunei	7:39:40 -	LMT	1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
263489eee58SDan McDonald			7:30	-	+0730	1933
264489eee58SDan McDonald			8:00	-	+08
26545ba3153SMarcel Telka
26645ba3153SMarcel Telka# Burma / Myanmar
26745ba3153SMarcel Telka
26845ba3153SMarcel Telka# Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon.
26945ba3153SMarcel Telka
270226a4d14SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-20):
271226a4d14SYuri Pankov# Page 27 of Reed & Low (cited for Asia/Kolkata) says "Rangoon local time is
272226a4d14SYuri Pankov# used upon the railways and telegraphs of Burma, and is 6h. 24m. 47s. ahead
273226a4d14SYuri Pankov# of Greenwich."  This refers to the period before Burma's transition to +0630,
274226a4d14SYuri Pankov# a transition for which Shanks is the only source.
275226a4d14SYuri Pankov
276*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
277226a4d14SYuri PankovZone	Asia/Yangon	6:24:47 -	LMT	1880        # or Rangoon
278226a4d14SYuri Pankov			6:24:47	-	RMT	1920        # Rangoon local time
279489eee58SDan McDonald			6:30	-	+0630	1942 May
280489eee58SDan McDonald			9:00	-	+09	1945 May  3
281489eee58SDan McDonald			6:30	-	+0630
28245ba3153SMarcel Telka
28345ba3153SMarcel Telka# Cambodia
28445ba3153SMarcel Telka# See Asia/Bangkok.
28545ba3153SMarcel Telka
28645ba3153SMarcel Telka
28745ba3153SMarcel Telka# China
28845ba3153SMarcel Telka
2899b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# From Paul Eggert (2018-10-02):
2909b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# The following comes from Table 1 of:
2919b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# Li Yu. Research on the daylight saving movement in 1940s Shanghai.
2929b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# Nanjing Journal of Social Sciences. 2014;(2):144-50.
2939b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# http://oversea.cnki.net/kns55/detail.aspx?dbname=CJFD2014&filename=NJSH201402020
2949b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# The table lists dates only; I am guessing 00:00 and 24:00 transition times.
2959b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# Also, the table lists the planned end of DST in 1949, but the corresponding
2969b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# zone line cuts this off on May 28, when the Communists took power.
2979b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#
2989b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
2999b6c1413SAndy FiddamanRule	Shang	1940	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00	1:00	D
3009b6c1413SAndy FiddamanRule	Shang	1940	only	-	Oct	12	24:00	0	S
3019b6c1413SAndy FiddamanRule	Shang	1941	only	-	Mar	15	 0:00	1:00	D
3029b6c1413SAndy FiddamanRule	Shang	1941	only	-	Nov	 1	24:00	0	S
3039b6c1413SAndy FiddamanRule	Shang	1942	only	-	Jan	31	 0:00	1:00	D
3049b6c1413SAndy FiddamanRule	Shang	1945	only	-	Sep	 1	24:00	0	S
3059b6c1413SAndy FiddamanRule	Shang	1946	only	-	May	15	 0:00	1:00	D
3069b6c1413SAndy FiddamanRule	Shang	1946	only	-	Sep	30	24:00	0	S
3079b6c1413SAndy FiddamanRule	Shang	1947	only	-	Apr	15	 0:00	1:00	D
3089b6c1413SAndy FiddamanRule	Shang	1947	only	-	Oct	31	24:00	0	S
3099b6c1413SAndy FiddamanRule	Shang	1948	1949	-	May	 1	 0:00	1:00	D
3109b6c1413SAndy FiddamanRule	Shang	1948	1949	-	Sep	30	24:00	0	S #plan
3119b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman
31245ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Guy Harris:
31345ba3153SMarcel Telka# People's Republic of China.  Yes, they really have only one time zone.
31445ba3153SMarcel Telka
31545ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
31645ba3153SMarcel Telka# No they don't.  See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52.  Even though
31745ba3153SMarcel Telka# China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
31845ba3153SMarcel Telka# Peking (Beijing) time zone was recognized.  Since that date, China
31945ba3153SMarcel Telka# has two of 'em - Peking's and Ürümqi (named after the capital of
32045ba3153SMarcel Telka# the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region).  I don't know about DST for it.
32145ba3153SMarcel Telka#
32245ba3153SMarcel Telka# . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
32345ba3153SMarcel Telka# painful to suck in another copy.  So, here is what I have for
32445ba3153SMarcel Telka# DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
32545ba3153SMarcel Telka#
32645ba3153SMarcel Telka#     1986 May 4 - Sept 14
32745ba3153SMarcel Telka#     1987 mid-April - ??
32845ba3153SMarcel Telka
32945ba3153SMarcel Telka# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
33045ba3153SMarcel Telka# CHINA               8 H  AHEAD OF UTC  ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN
33145ba3153SMarcel Telka# CHINA               9 H  AHEAD OF UTC  APR 17 - SEP 10
33245ba3153SMarcel Telka
33345ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11):
33445ba3153SMarcel Telka# Jim Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight
33545ba3153SMarcel Telka# time - sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05 ... [says] that China began
33645ba3153SMarcel Telka# observing daylight saving time in 1986.
33745ba3153SMarcel Telka
3389b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# From P Chan (2018-05-07):
3399b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# The start and end time of DST in China [from 1986 on] should be 2:00
3409b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# (i.e. 2:00 to 3:00 at the start and 2:00 to 1:00 at the end)....
3419b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# Government notices about summer time:
3429b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#
3439b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# 1986-04-12 http://www.zj.gov.cn/attach/zfgb/198608.pdf p.21-22
3449b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# (To establish summer time from 1986. On 4 May, set the clocks ahead one hour
3459b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# at 2 am. On 14 September, set the clocks backward one hour at 2 am.)
3469b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#
3479b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# 1987-02-15 http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/shuju/1987/gwyb198703.pdf p.114
3489b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# (Summer time in 1987 to start from 12 April until 13 September)
3499b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#
3509b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# 1987-09-09 http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/shuju/1987/gwyb198721.pdf p.709
3519b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# (From 1988, summer time to start from 2 am of the first Sunday of mid-April
3529b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# until 2 am of the first Sunday of mid-September)
3539b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#
3549b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# 1992-03-03 http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/shuju/1992/gwyb199205.pdf p.152
3559b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# (To suspend summer time from 1992)
3569b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#
3579b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# The first page of People's Daily on 12 April 1988 stating that summer time
3589b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# to begin on 17 April.
3599b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# http://data.people.com.cn/pic/101p/1988/04/1988041201.jpg
3609b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman
36145ba3153SMarcel Telka# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
3629b6c1413SAndy FiddamanRule	PRC	1986	only	-	May	 4	 2:00	1:00	D
3639b6c1413SAndy FiddamanRule	PRC	1986	1991	-	Sep	Sun>=11	 2:00	0	S
3649b6c1413SAndy FiddamanRule	PRC	1987	1991	-	Apr	Sun>=11	 2:00	1:00	D
36545ba3153SMarcel Telka
36645ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20):
36745ba3153SMarcel Telka# BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five
36845ba3153SMarcel Telka# historic timezones from some Taiwan websites.  And yes, there are official
36945ba3153SMarcel Telka# Chinese names for these locales (before 1949).
37045ba3153SMarcel Telka#
37145ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-07-14):
37245ba3153SMarcel Telka# I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the
373226a4d14SYuri Pankov# https://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county
37445ba3153SMarcel Telka# boundaries summarized below]....  A few other exceptions were two
37545ba3153SMarcel Telka# counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border,
37645ba3153SMarcel Telka# counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are
37745ba3153SMarcel Telka# therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege
37845ba3153SMarcel Telka# county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6
37945ba3153SMarcel Telka# (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two
38045ba3153SMarcel Telka# counties are mistakes in the astro.com data.
38145ba3153SMarcel Telka
382489eee58SDan McDonald# From Paul Eggert (2017-01-05):
38345ba3153SMarcel Telka# Alois Treindl kindly sent me translations of the following two sources:
38445ba3153SMarcel Telka#
38545ba3153SMarcel Telka# (1)
3869b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# Guo Qing-sheng (National Time-Service Center, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China)
38745ba3153SMarcel Telka# Beijing Time at the Beginning of the PRC
38845ba3153SMarcel Telka# China Historical Materials of Science and Technology
3899b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# (Zhongguo ke ji shi liao, 中国科技史料). 2003;24(1):5-9.
3909b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# http://oversea.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?filename=ZGKS200301000&dbname=CJFD2003
39145ba3153SMarcel Telka# It gives evidence that at the beginning of the PRC, Beijing time was
39245ba3153SMarcel Telka# officially apparent solar time!  However, Guo also says that the
39345ba3153SMarcel Telka# evidence is dubious, as the relevant institute of astronomy had not
39445ba3153SMarcel Telka# been taken over by the PRC yet.  It's plausible that apparent solar
39545ba3153SMarcel Telka# time was announced but never implemented, and that people continued
39645ba3153SMarcel Telka# to use UT+8.  As the Shanghai radio station (and I presume the
39745ba3153SMarcel Telka# observatory) was still under control of French missionaries, it
39845ba3153SMarcel Telka# could well have ignored any such mandate.
39945ba3153SMarcel Telka#
40045ba3153SMarcel Telka# (2)
40145ba3153SMarcel Telka# Guo Qing-sheng (Shaanxi Astronomical Observatory, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China)
40245ba3153SMarcel Telka# A Study on the Standard Time Changes for the Past 100 Years in China
40345ba3153SMarcel Telka# [undated and unknown publication location]
40445ba3153SMarcel Telka# It says several things:
40545ba3153SMarcel Telka#   * The Qing dynasty used local apparent solar time throughout China.
40645ba3153SMarcel Telka#   * The Republic of China instituted Beijing mean solar time effective
40745ba3153SMarcel Telka#     the official calendar book of 1914.
40845ba3153SMarcel Telka#   * The French Concession in Shanghai set up signal stations in
40945ba3153SMarcel Telka#     French docks in the 1890s, controlled by Xujiahui (Zikawei)
41045ba3153SMarcel Telka#     Observatory and set to local mean time.
41145ba3153SMarcel Telka#   * "From the end of the 19th century" it changed to UT+8.
41245ba3153SMarcel Telka#   * Chinese Customs (by then reduced to a tool of foreign powers)
41345ba3153SMarcel Telka#     eventually standardized on this time for all ports, and it
41445ba3153SMarcel Telka#     became used by railways as well.
41545ba3153SMarcel Telka#   * In 1918 the Central Observatory proposed dividing China into
41645ba3153SMarcel Telka#     five time zones (see below for details).  This caught on
41745ba3153SMarcel Telka#     at first only in coastal areas observing UT+8.
41845ba3153SMarcel Telka#   * During WWII all of China was in theory was at UT+7.  In practice
41945ba3153SMarcel Telka#     this was ignored in the west, and I presume was ignored in
42045ba3153SMarcel Telka#     Japanese-occupied territory.
42145ba3153SMarcel Telka#   * Japanese-occupied Manchuria was at UT+9, i.e., Japan time.
42245ba3153SMarcel Telka#   * The five-zone plan was resurrected after WWII and officially put into
42345ba3153SMarcel Telka#     place (with some modifications) in March 1948.  It's not clear
42445ba3153SMarcel Telka#     how well it was observed in areas under Nationalist control.
42545ba3153SMarcel Telka#   * The People's Liberation Army used UT+8 during the civil war.
42645ba3153SMarcel Telka#
42745ba3153SMarcel Telka# An AP article "Shanghai Internat'l Area Little Changed" in the
42845ba3153SMarcel Telka# Lewiston (ME) Daily Sun (1939-05-29), p 17, said "Even the time is
42945ba3153SMarcel Telka# different - the occupied districts going by Tokyo time, an hour
43045ba3153SMarcel Telka# ahead of that prevailing in the rest of Shanghai."  Guess that the
43145ba3153SMarcel Telka# Xujiahui Observatory was under French control and stuck with UT +08.
43245ba3153SMarcel Telka#
43345ba3153SMarcel Telka# In earlier versions of this file, China had many separate Zone entries, but
43445ba3153SMarcel Telka# this was based on what were apparently incorrect data in Shanks & Pottenger.
43545ba3153SMarcel Telka# This has now been simplified to the two entries Asia/Shanghai and
43645ba3153SMarcel Telka# Asia/Urumqi, with the others being links for backward compatibility.
43745ba3153SMarcel Telka# Proposed in 1918 and theoretically in effect until 1949 (although in practice
43845ba3153SMarcel Telka# mainly observed in coastal areas), the five zones were:
43945ba3153SMarcel Telka#
44045ba3153SMarcel Telka# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) UT +08:30
441489eee58SDan McDonald# Now part of Asia/Shanghai; its pre-1970 times are not recorded here.
44245ba3153SMarcel Telka# Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
44345ba3153SMarcel Telka#
44445ba3153SMarcel Telka# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT +08
445489eee58SDan McDonald# Now part of Asia/Shanghai.
44645ba3153SMarcel Telka# most of China
44745ba3153SMarcel Telka# Milne gives 8:05:43.2 for Xujiahui Observatory time; round to nearest.
44845ba3153SMarcel Telka# Guo says Shanghai switched to UT +08 "from the end of the 19th century".
44945ba3153SMarcel Telka#
450489eee58SDan McDonald# Long-shu Time (probably as Long and Shu were two names of the area) UT +07
451489eee58SDan McDonald# Now part of Asia/Shanghai; its pre-1970 times are not recorded here.
45245ba3153SMarcel Telka# Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
453489eee58SDan McDonald# most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; east Qinghai; and the Guangdong
45445ba3153SMarcel Telka# counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
45545ba3153SMarcel Telka# Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
45645ba3153SMarcel Telka#
45745ba3153SMarcel Telka# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT +06
458489eee58SDan McDonald# This region is now part of either Asia/Urumqi or Asia/Shanghai with
459489eee58SDan McDonald# current boundaries uncertain; times before 1970 for areas that
460489eee58SDan McDonald# disagree with Ürümqi or Shanghai are not recorded here.
46145ba3153SMarcel Telka# The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai;
46245ba3153SMarcel Telka# the Guangdong counties  Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang,
46345ba3153SMarcel Telka# Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi;
46445ba3153SMarcel Telka# east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi;
46545ba3153SMarcel Telka# east Xinjiang, including Ürümqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe,
46645ba3153SMarcel Telka# Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin,
46745ba3153SMarcel Telka# Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami,
46845ba3153SMarcel Telka# Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan.
46945ba3153SMarcel Telka#
47045ba3153SMarcel Telka# Kunlun Time UT +05:30
471489eee58SDan McDonald# This region is now in the same status as Xin-zang Time (see above).
47245ba3153SMarcel Telka# West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule;
47345ba3153SMarcel Telka# West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke,
47445ba3153SMarcel Telka# Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding,
47545ba3153SMarcel Telka# and Yarkand.
47645ba3153SMarcel Telka
47745ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Luther Ma (2009-10-17):
47845ba3153SMarcel Telka# Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in
47945ba3153SMarcel Telka# Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time,
48045ba3153SMarcel Telka# but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on
48145ba3153SMarcel Telka# what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese
48245ba3153SMarcel Telka# they implicitly use Beijing time.
48345ba3153SMarcel Telka#
48445ba3153SMarcel Telka# On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the
48545ba3153SMarcel Telka# population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two
48645ba3153SMarcel Telka# hours behind Beijing time, or UT +06. The government of the Xinjiang
48745ba3153SMarcel Telka# Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as
48845ba3153SMarcel Telka# local governments such as the Ürümqi city government use both times in
48945ba3153SMarcel Telka# publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as
49045ba3153SMarcel Telka# "Ürümqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language
49145ba3153SMarcel Telka# they almost invariably use Xinjiang time.
49245ba3153SMarcel Telka#
49345ba3153SMarcel Telka# (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its
49445ba3153SMarcel Telka# widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in
49545ba3153SMarcel Telka# Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.)
49645ba3153SMarcel Telka#
49745ba3153SMarcel Telka# (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990
49845ba3153SMarcel Telka# or 1991 when summer time was in use.  The confusion was severe, with
49945ba3153SMarcel Telka# the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same
50045ba3153SMarcel Telka# time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and
50145ba3153SMarcel Telka# others moving their clocks ahead.)
50245ba3153SMarcel Telka
50345ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Luther Ma (2009-11-19):
50445ba3153SMarcel Telka# With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common
50545ba3153SMarcel Telka# English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols):
50645ba3153SMarcel Telka#
50745ba3153SMarcel Telka# 1. Wulumuqi...
50845ba3153SMarcel Telka# 2. Kashi...
50945ba3153SMarcel Telka# 3. Urumqi...
51045ba3153SMarcel Telka# 4. Kashgar...
51145ba3153SMarcel Telka# ...
51245ba3153SMarcel Telka# 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Ürümqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the
51345ba3153SMarcel Telka# 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding
51445ba3153SMarcel Telka# countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child.
51545ba3153SMarcel Telka#
51645ba3153SMarcel Telka# 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any
51745ba3153SMarcel Telka# start date for Xinjiang time.
51845ba3153SMarcel Telka#
51945ba3153SMarcel Telka# Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally
52045ba3153SMarcel Telka# publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur
52145ba3153SMarcel Telka# Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also
52245ba3153SMarcel Telka# not be using Beijing time, but some local time.)
52345ba3153SMarcel Telka
52445ba3153SMarcel Telka# From David Cochrane (2014-03-26):
52545ba3153SMarcel Telka# Just a confirmation that Ürümqi time was implemented in Ürümqi on 1 Feb 1986:
526226a4d14SYuri Pankov# https://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960684,00.html
52745ba3153SMarcel Telka
52845ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Luther Ma (2014-04-22):
52945ba3153SMarcel Telka# I have interviewed numerous people of various nationalities and from
53045ba3153SMarcel Telka# different localities in Xinjiang and can confirm the information in Guo's
53145ba3153SMarcel Telka# report regarding Xinjiang, as well as the Time article reference by David
53245ba3153SMarcel Telka# Cochrane.  Whether officially recognized or not (and both are officially
53345ba3153SMarcel Telka# recognized), two separate times have been in use in Xinjiang since at least
53445ba3153SMarcel Telka# the Cultural Revolution: Xinjiang Time (XJT), aka Ürümqi Time or local time;
53545ba3153SMarcel Telka# and Beijing Time.  There is no confusion in Xinjiang as to which name refers
53645ba3153SMarcel Telka# to which time. Both are widely used in the province, although in some
53745ba3153SMarcel Telka# population groups might be use one to the exclusion of the other.  The only
53845ba3153SMarcel Telka# problem is that computers and smart phones list Ürümqi (or Kashgar) as
53945ba3153SMarcel Telka# having the same time as Beijing.
54045ba3153SMarcel Telka
54145ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
54245ba3153SMarcel Telka# In the early days of the PRC, Tibet was given its own time zone (UT +06)
54345ba3153SMarcel Telka# but this was withdrawn in 1959 and never reinstated; see Tubten Khétsun,
54445ba3153SMarcel Telka# Memories of life in Lhasa under Chinese Rule, Columbia U Press, ISBN
54545ba3153SMarcel Telka# 978-0231142861 (2008), translator's introduction by Matthew Akester, p x.
54645ba3153SMarcel Telka# As this is before our 1970 cutoff, Tibet doesn't need a separate zone.
54745ba3153SMarcel Telka#
54845ba3153SMarcel Telka# Xinjiang Time is well-documented as being officially recognized.  E.g., see
54945ba3153SMarcel Telka# "The Working-Calendar for The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government"
55045ba3153SMarcel Telka# <http://www.sinkiang.gov.cn/service/ourworking/> (2014-04-22).
55145ba3153SMarcel Telka# Unfortunately, we have no good records of time in Xinjiang before 1986.
55245ba3153SMarcel Telka# During the 20th century parts of Xinjiang were ruled by the Qing dynasty,
55345ba3153SMarcel Telka# the Republic of China, various warlords, the First and Second East Turkestan
55445ba3153SMarcel Telka# Republics, the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang, and the People's Republic of
55545ba3153SMarcel Telka# China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be
55645ba3153SMarcel Telka# quite a trick.  Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to
55745ba3153SMarcel Telka# UT +06 at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren,
55845ba3153SMarcel Telka# which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a
55945ba3153SMarcel Telka# guess) as the transition from LMT.  Ignore the usage of +08 before
56045ba3153SMarcel Telka# 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to +08 is unknown and
56145ba3153SMarcel Telka# that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the
56245ba3153SMarcel Telka# +08 mandate back then.
56345ba3153SMarcel Telka
564*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
56545ba3153SMarcel Telka# Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai.
56645ba3153SMarcel TelkaZone	Asia/Shanghai	8:05:43	-	LMT	1901
5679b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman			8:00	Shang	C%sT	1949 May 28
56845ba3153SMarcel Telka			8:00	PRC	C%sT
56945ba3153SMarcel Telka# Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by Ürümqi / Ürümchi
57045ba3153SMarcel Telka# / Wulumuqi.  (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.)
57145ba3153SMarcel TelkaZone	Asia/Urumqi	5:50:20	-	LMT	1928
572489eee58SDan McDonald			6:00	-	+06
57345ba3153SMarcel Telka
57445ba3153SMarcel Telka
57545ba3153SMarcel Telka# Hong Kong (Xianggang)
57645ba3153SMarcel Telka
57745ba3153SMarcel Telka# Milne gives 7:36:41.7; round this.
57845ba3153SMarcel Telka
57945ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24):
58045ba3153SMarcel Telka# I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong
58145ba3153SMarcel Telka# Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually,
58245ba3153SMarcel Telka# it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK,
58345ba3153SMarcel Telka# and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing
58445ba3153SMarcel Telka# and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I
58545ba3153SMarcel Telka# think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be
58645ba3153SMarcel Telka# obtained from
58745ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
58845ba3153SMarcel Telka
5899a0f2271SDominik Hassler# From Phake Nick (2018-10-27):
5909a0f2271SDominik Hassler# According to Singaporean newspaper
5919a0f2271SDominik Hassler# http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/singfreepresswk19041102-1.2.37
5929a0f2271SDominik Hassler# the day that Hong Kong start using GMT+8 should be Oct 30, 1904.
5939a0f2271SDominik Hassler#
5949a0f2271SDominik Hassler# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-17):
5959a0f2271SDominik Hassler# Hong Kong had a time ball near the Marine Police Station, Tsim Sha Tsui.
5969a0f2271SDominik Hassler# "The ball was raised manually each day and dropped at exactly 1pm
5979a0f2271SDominik Hassler# (except on Sundays and Government holidays)."
5989a0f2271SDominik Hassler# Dyson AD. From Time Ball to Atomic Clock. Hong Kong Government. 1983.
5999a0f2271SDominik Hassler# <https://www.hko.gov.hk/publica/gen_pub/timeball_atomic_clock.pdf>
6009a0f2271SDominik Hassler# "From 1904 October 30 the time-ball at Hong Kong has been dropped by order
6019a0f2271SDominik Hassler# of the Governor of the Colony at 17h 0m 0s G.M.T., which is 23m 18s.14 in
6029a0f2271SDominik Hassler# advance of 1h 0m 0s of Hong Kong mean time."
6039a0f2271SDominik Hassler# Hollis HP. Universal Time, Longitudes, and Geodesy. Mon Not R Astron Soc.
6049a0f2271SDominik Hassler# 1905-02-10;65(4):405-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/65.4.382
6059a0f2271SDominik Hassler#
6069a0f2271SDominik Hassler# From Joseph Myers (2018-11-18):
6079a0f2271SDominik Hassler# An astronomer before 1925 referring to GMT would have been using the old
6089a0f2271SDominik Hassler# astronomical convention where the day started at noon, not midnight.
6099a0f2271SDominik Hassler#
6109a0f2271SDominik Hassler# From Steve Allen (2018-11-17):
6119a0f2271SDominik Hassler# Meteorological Observations made at the Hongkong Observatory in the year 1904
6129a0f2271SDominik Hassler# page 4 <https://books.google.com/books?id=kgw5AQAAMAAJ&pg=RA4-PA4>
6139a0f2271SDominik Hassler# ... the log of drop times in Table II shows that on Sunday 1904-10-30 the
6149a0f2271SDominik Hassler# ball was dropped.  So that looks like a special case drop for the sake
6159a0f2271SDominik Hassler# of broadcasting the new local time.
6169a0f2271SDominik Hassler#
6179a0f2271SDominik Hassler# From Phake Nick (2018-11-18):
6189a0f2271SDominik Hassler# According to The Hong Kong Weekly Press, 1904-10-29, p.324, the
6199a0f2271SDominik Hassler# governor of Hong Kong at the time stated that "We are further desired to
6209a0f2271SDominik Hassler# make it known that the change will be effected by firing the gun and by the
6219a0f2271SDominik Hassler# dropping of the Ball at 23min. 18sec. before one."
6229a0f2271SDominik Hassler# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18):
6239a0f2271SDominik Hassler# See <https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk> for this; unfortunately Flash is required.
6249a0f2271SDominik Hassler
6259a0f2271SDominik Hassler# From Phake Nick (2018-10-26):
6269a0f2271SDominik Hassler# I went to check microfilm records stored at Hong Kong Public Library....
6279a0f2271SDominik Hassler# on September 30 1941, according to Ta Kung Pao (Hong Kong edition), it was
6289a0f2271SDominik Hassler# stated that fallback would occur on the next day (the 1st)'s "03:00 am (Hong
6299a0f2271SDominik Hassler# Kong Time 04:00 am)" and the clock will fall back for a half hour. (03:00
6309a0f2271SDominik Hassler# probably refer to the time commonly used in mainland China at the time given
6319a0f2271SDominik Hassler# the paper's background) ... the sunrise/sunset time given by South China
6329a0f2271SDominik Hassler# Morning Post for October 1st was indeed moved by half an hour compares to
6339a0f2271SDominik Hassler# before.  After that, in December, the battle to capture Hong Kong started and
6349a0f2271SDominik Hassler# the library doesn't seems to have any record stored about press during that
6359a0f2271SDominik Hassler# period of time.  Some media resumed publication soon after that within the
6369a0f2271SDominik Hassler# same month, but there were not much information about time there.  Later they
6379a0f2271SDominik Hassler# started including a radio program guide when they restored radio service,
6389a0f2271SDominik Hassler# explicitly mentioning it use Tokyo standard time, and later added a note
6399a0f2271SDominik Hassler# saying it's half an hour ahead of the old Hong Kong standard time, and it
6409a0f2271SDominik Hassler# also seems to indicate that Hong Kong was not using GMT+8 when it was
6419a0f2271SDominik Hassler# captured by Japan.
6429a0f2271SDominik Hassler#
6439a0f2271SDominik Hassler# Image of related sections on newspaper:
6449a0f2271SDominik Hassler# * 1941-09-30, Ta Kung Pao (Hong Kong), "Winter Time start tomorrow".
6459a0f2271SDominik Hassler#   https://i.imgur.com/6waY51Z.jpg (Chinese)
6469a0f2271SDominik Hassler# * 1941-09-29, South China Morning Post, Information on sunrise/sunset
6479a0f2271SDominik Hassler#   time and other things for September 30 and October 1.
6489a0f2271SDominik Hassler#   https://i.imgur.com/kCiUR78.jpg
6499a0f2271SDominik Hassler# * 1942-02-05. The Hong Kong News, Radio Program Guide.
6509a0f2271SDominik Hassler#   https://i.imgur.com/eVvDMzS.jpg
6519a0f2271SDominik Hassler# * 1941-06-14. Hong Kong Daily Press, Daylight Saving from 3am Tomorrow.
6529a0f2271SDominik Hassler#   https://i.imgur.com/05KkvtC.png
6539a0f2271SDominik Hassler# * 1941-09-30, Hong Kong Daily Press, Winter Time Warning.
6549a0f2271SDominik Hassler#   https://i.imgur.com/dge4kFJ.png
6559a0f2271SDominik Hassler
656*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# From Paul Eggert (2019-07-11):
657*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# "Hong Kong winter time" is considered to be daylight saving.
658*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# "Hong Kong had adopted daylight saving on June 15 as a wartime measure,
659*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# clocks moving forward one hour until October 1, when they would be put back
660*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# by just half an hour for 'Hong Kong Winter time', so that daylight saving
661*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# operated year round." -- Low Z. The longest day: when wartime Hong Kong
662*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# introduced daylight saving. South China Morning Post. 2019-06-28.
663*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/short-reads/article/3016281/longest-day-when-wartime-hong-kong-introduced
664*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman
665*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# From P Chan (2018-12-31):
666*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# * According to the Hong Kong Daylight-Saving Regulations, 1941, the
667*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman#   1941 spring-forward transition was at 03:00.
668*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman#	http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkgro/view/g1941/304271.pdf
669*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman#	http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkgro/view/g1941/305516.pdf
670*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# * According to some articles from South China Morning Post, +08 was
671*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman#   resumed on 1945-11-18 at 02:00.
672*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman#	https://i.imgur.com/M2IsZ3c.png
673*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman#	https://i.imgur.com/iOPqrVo.png
674*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman#	https://i.imgur.com/fffcGDs.png
675*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# * Some newspapers ... said the 1946 spring-forward transition was on
676*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman#   04-21 at 00:00.  The Kung Sheung Evening News 1946-04-20 (Chinese)
677*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman#	https://i.imgur.com/ZSzent0.png
678*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman#	https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk///c/portal/cover?c=QF757YsWv5%2FH7zGe%2FKF%2BFLYsuqGhRBfe p.4
679*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman#   The Kung Sheung Daily News 1946-04-21 (Chinese)
680*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman#	https://i.imgur.com/7ecmRlcm.png
681*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman#	https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk///c/portal/cover?c=QF757YsWv5%2BQBGt1%2BwUj5qG2GqtwR3Wh p.4
682*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# * According to the Summer Time Ordinance (1946), the fallback
683*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman#   transitions between 1946 and 1952 were at 03:30 Standard Time (+08)
684*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman#	http://oelawhk.lib.hku.hk/archive/files/bb74b06a74d5294620a15de560ab33c6.pdf
685*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# * Some other laws and regulations related to DST from 1953 to 1979
686*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman#   Summer Time Ordinance 1953
687*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman#	https://i.imgur.com/IOlJMav.jpg
688*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman#   Summer Time (Amendment) Ordinance 1965
689*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman#	https://i.imgur.com/8rofeLa.jpg
690*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman#   Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance (1966)
691*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman#	https://i.imgur.com/joy3msj.jpg
692*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman#   Emergency (Summer Time) Regulation 1973 <https://i.imgur.com/OpRWrKz.jpg>
693*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman#   Interpretation and General Clauses (Amendment) Ordinance 1977
694*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman#	https://i.imgur.com/RaNqnc4.jpg
695*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman#   Resolution of the Legislative Council passed on 9 May 1979
696*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman#	https://www.legco.gov.hk/yr78-79/english/lc_sitg/hansard/h790509.pdf#page=39
697*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman
698*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# From Paul Eggert (2019-05-31):
69945ba3153SMarcel Telka# Here are the dates given at
7009a0f2271SDominik Hassler# https://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
7019a0f2271SDominik Hassler# as of 2014-06-19:
70245ba3153SMarcel Telka# Year        Period
7039a0f2271SDominik Hassler# 1941        15 Jun to 30 Sep
70445ba3153SMarcel Telka# 1942        Whole year
70545ba3153SMarcel Telka# 1943        Whole year
70645ba3153SMarcel Telka# 1944        Whole year
70745ba3153SMarcel Telka# 1945        Whole year
70845ba3153SMarcel Telka# 1946        20 Apr to 1 Dec
709*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# 1947        13 Apr to 30 Nov
71045ba3153SMarcel Telka# 1948        2 May to 31 Oct
71145ba3153SMarcel Telka# 1949        3 Apr to 30 Oct
71245ba3153SMarcel Telka# 1950        2 Apr to 29 Oct
71345ba3153SMarcel Telka# 1951        1 Apr to 28 Oct
7149a0f2271SDominik Hassler# 1952        6 Apr to 2 Nov
71545ba3153SMarcel Telka# 1953        5 Apr to 1 Nov
71645ba3153SMarcel Telka# 1954        21 Mar to 31 Oct
71745ba3153SMarcel Telka# 1955        20 Mar to 6 Nov
71845ba3153SMarcel Telka# 1956        18 Mar to 4 Nov
71945ba3153SMarcel Telka# 1957        24 Mar to 3 Nov
72045ba3153SMarcel Telka# 1958        23 Mar to 2 Nov
72145ba3153SMarcel Telka# 1959        22 Mar to 1 Nov
72245ba3153SMarcel Telka# 1960        20 Mar to 6 Nov
72345ba3153SMarcel Telka# 1961        19 Mar to 5 Nov
72445ba3153SMarcel Telka# 1962        18 Mar to 4 Nov
72545ba3153SMarcel Telka# 1963        24 Mar to 3 Nov
72645ba3153SMarcel Telka# 1964        22 Mar to 1 Nov
72745ba3153SMarcel Telka# 1965        18 Apr to 17 Oct
72845ba3153SMarcel Telka# 1966        17 Apr to 16 Oct
72945ba3153SMarcel Telka# 1967        16 Apr to 22 Oct
73045ba3153SMarcel Telka# 1968        21 Apr to 20 Oct
73145ba3153SMarcel Telka# 1969        20 Apr to 19 Oct
73245ba3153SMarcel Telka# 1970        19 Apr to 18 Oct
73345ba3153SMarcel Telka# 1971        18 Apr to 17 Oct
73445ba3153SMarcel Telka# 1972        16 Apr to 22 Oct
73545ba3153SMarcel Telka# 1973        22 Apr to 21 Oct
73645ba3153SMarcel Telka# 1973/74     30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74
73745ba3153SMarcel Telka# 1975        20 Apr to 19 Oct
73845ba3153SMarcel Telka# 1976        18 Apr to 17 Oct
73945ba3153SMarcel Telka# 1977        Nil
74045ba3153SMarcel Telka# 1978        Nil
74145ba3153SMarcel Telka# 1979        13 May to 21 Oct
74245ba3153SMarcel Telka# 1980 to Now Nil
7439a0f2271SDominik Hassler# The page does not give times of day for transitions,
7449a0f2271SDominik Hassler# or dates for the 1942 and 1945 transitions.
7459a0f2271SDominik Hassler# The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began 1941-12-25.
74645ba3153SMarcel Telka
74745ba3153SMarcel Telka# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
748*337881e8SAndy FiddamanRule	HK	1946	only	-	Apr	21	0:00	1:00	S
749*337881e8SAndy FiddamanRule	HK	1946	only	-	Dec	1	3:30s	0	-
750*337881e8SAndy FiddamanRule	HK	1947	only	-	Apr	13	3:30s	1:00	S
751*337881e8SAndy FiddamanRule	HK	1947	only	-	Nov	30	3:30s	0	-
752*337881e8SAndy FiddamanRule	HK	1948	only	-	May	2	3:30s	1:00	S
753*337881e8SAndy FiddamanRule	HK	1948	1952	-	Oct	Sun>=28	3:30s	0	-
75445ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	HK	1949	1953	-	Apr	Sun>=1	3:30	1:00	S
755*337881e8SAndy FiddamanRule	HK	1953	1964	-	Oct	Sun>=31	3:30	0	-
75645ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	HK	1954	1964	-	Mar	Sun>=18	3:30	1:00	S
75745ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	HK	1965	1976	-	Apr	Sun>=16	3:30	1:00	S
75845ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	HK	1965	1976	-	Oct	Sun>=16	3:30	0	-
75945ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	HK	1973	only	-	Dec	30	3:30	1:00	S
760*337881e8SAndy FiddamanRule	HK	1979	only	-	May	13	3:30	1:00	S
761*337881e8SAndy FiddamanRule	HK	1979	only	-	Oct	21	3:30	0	-
762*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
7639a0f2271SDominik HasslerZone	Asia/Hong_Kong	7:36:42 -	LMT	1904 Oct 30  0:36:42
764*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman			8:00	-	HKT	1941 Jun 15  3:00
7659a0f2271SDominik Hassler			8:00	1:00	HKST	1941 Oct  1  4:00
766*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman			8:00	0:30	HKWT	1941 Dec 25
767*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman			9:00	-	JST	1945 Nov 18  2:00
76845ba3153SMarcel Telka			8:00	HK	HK%sT
76945ba3153SMarcel Telka
77045ba3153SMarcel Telka###############################################################################
77145ba3153SMarcel Telka
77245ba3153SMarcel Telka# Taiwan
77345ba3153SMarcel Telka
77445ba3153SMarcel Telka# From smallufo (2010-04-03):
77545ba3153SMarcel Telka# According to Taiwan's CWB [Central Weather Bureau],
77645ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm
77745ba3153SMarcel Telka# Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30.
77845ba3153SMarcel Telka
77945ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
78045ba3153SMarcel Telka# On Dec 28, 1895, the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of
78145ba3153SMarcel Telka# Meiji Year 28 "The clause about standard time", mentioned that
78245ba3153SMarcel Telka# Taiwan and Penghu Islands, as well as Yaeyama and Miyako Islands
78345ba3153SMarcel Telka# (both in Okinawa) adopt the Western Standard Time which is based on
78445ba3153SMarcel Telka# 120E. The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. The original text can be
78545ba3153SMarcel Telka# found on Wikisource:
786226a4d14SYuri Pankov# https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時)
78745ba3153SMarcel Telka# ... This could be the first adoption of time zone in Taiwan, because
78845ba3153SMarcel Telka# during the Qing Dynasty, it seems that there was no time zone
78945ba3153SMarcel Telka# declared officially.
79045ba3153SMarcel Telka#
79145ba3153SMarcel Telka# Later, in the beginning of World War II, on Sep 25, 1937, the Showa
79245ba3153SMarcel Telka# Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 "The clause of
79345ba3153SMarcel Telka# revision in the ordinance No. 167 of Meiji year 28 about standard
79445ba3153SMarcel Telka# time", in which abolished the adoption of Western Standard Time in
79545ba3153SMarcel Telka# western islands (listed above), which means the whole Japan
79645ba3153SMarcel Telka# territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan Central Time
79780ca1ec9SYuri Pankov# (UT+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. The original text can
79845ba3153SMarcel Telka# be found on Wikisource:
799226a4d14SYuri Pankov# https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件
80045ba3153SMarcel Telka#
80180ca1ec9SYuri Pankov# That is, the time zone of Taipei switched to UT+9 on Oct 1, 1937.
80245ba3153SMarcel Telka
80345ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02):
80480ca1ec9SYuri Pankov# I've found more evidence about when the time zone was switched from UT+9
80580ca1ec9SYuri Pankov# back to UT+8 after WW2.  I believe it was on Sep 21, 1945.  In a document
80645ba3153SMarcel Telka# during Japanese era [1] in which the officer told the staff to change time
80780ca1ec9SYuri Pankov# zone back to Western Standard Time (UT+8) on Sep 21.  And in another
80845ba3153SMarcel Telka# history page of National Cheng Kung University [2], on Sep 21 there is a
80945ba3153SMarcel Telka# note "from today, switch back to Western Standard Time".  From these two
81045ba3153SMarcel Telka# materials, I believe that the time zone change happened on Sep 21.  And
81145ba3153SMarcel Telka# today I have found another monthly journal called "The Astronomical Herald"
81245ba3153SMarcel Telka# from The Astronomical Society of Japan [3] in which it mentioned the fact
81345ba3153SMarcel Telka# that:
81445ba3153SMarcel Telka#
81545ba3153SMarcel Telka# 1. Standard Time of the Country (Japan) was adopted on Jan 1, 1888, using
81645ba3153SMarcel Telka# the time at 135E (GMT+9)
81745ba3153SMarcel Telka#
81845ba3153SMarcel Telka# 2. Standard Time of the Country was renamed to Central Standard Time, on Jan
81945ba3153SMarcel Telka# 1, 1898, and on the same day, the new territories Taiwan and Penghu islands,
82045ba3153SMarcel Telka# as well as Yaeyama and Miyako islands, adopted a new time zone called
82145ba3153SMarcel Telka# Western Standard Time, which is in GMT+8.
82245ba3153SMarcel Telka#
82345ba3153SMarcel Telka# 3. Western Standard Time was deprecated on Sep 30, 1937. From then all the
82445ba3153SMarcel Telka# territories of Japan adopted the same time zone, which is Central Standard
82545ba3153SMarcel Telka# Time.
82645ba3153SMarcel Telka#
82745ba3153SMarcel Telka# [1] Academica Historica, Taiwan:
82845ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://163.29.208.22:8080/govsaleShowImage/connect_img.php?s=00101738900090036&e=00101738900090037
82945ba3153SMarcel Telka# [2] Nat'l Cheng Kung University 70th Anniversary Special Site:
83045ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.ncku.edu.tw/~ncku70/menu/001/01_01.htm
83145ba3153SMarcel Telka# [3] Yukio Niimi, The Standard Time in Japan (1997), p.475:
83245ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.asj.or.jp/geppou/archive_open/1997/pdf/19971001c.pdf
83345ba3153SMarcel Telka
83445ba3153SMarcel Telka# Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-03):
83545ba3153SMarcel Telka# I finally have found the real official gazette about changing back to
83645ba3153SMarcel Telka# Western Standard Time on Sep 21 in Taiwan.  It's Taiwan Governor-General
83745ba3153SMarcel Telka# Bulletin No. 386 in Showa 20 years (1945), published on Sep 19, 1945. [1] ...
83845ba3153SMarcel Telka# [It] abolishes Bulletin No. 207 in Showa 12 years (1937), which is a local
83945ba3153SMarcel Telka# bulletin in Taiwan for that Ordinance No. 529. It also mentioned that 1am on
84045ba3153SMarcel Telka# Sep 21, 1945 will be 12am on Sep 21.  I think this bulletin is much more
84145ba3153SMarcel Telka# official than the one I mentioned in my first mail, because it's from the
84245ba3153SMarcel Telka# top-level government in Taiwan. If you're going to quote any resource, this
84345ba3153SMarcel Telka# would be a good one.
84445ba3153SMarcel Telka# [1] Taiwan Governor-General Gazette, No. 1018, Sep 19, 1945:
84545ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://db2.th.gov.tw/db2/view/viewImg.php?imgcode=0072031018a&num=19&bgn=019&end=019&otherImg=&type=gener
84645ba3153SMarcel Telka
84745ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02):
84845ba3153SMarcel Telka# In 1946, DST in Taiwan was from May 15 and ended on Sep 30. The info from
84945ba3153SMarcel Telka# Central Weather Bureau website was not correct.
85045ba3153SMarcel Telka#
85145ba3153SMarcel Telka# Original Bulletin:
85245ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=03502F0AKM1AF
85345ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0350300AKM1B0 (cont.)
85445ba3153SMarcel Telka#
85545ba3153SMarcel Telka# In 1947, DST in Taiwan was expanded to Oct 31. There is a backup of that
85645ba3153SMarcel Telka# telegram announcement from Taiwan Province Government:
85745ba3153SMarcel Telka#
85845ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0360310AKZ431
85945ba3153SMarcel Telka#
86045ba3153SMarcel Telka# Here is a brief translation:
86145ba3153SMarcel Telka#
86245ba3153SMarcel Telka#   The Summer Time this year is adopted from midnight Apr 15 until Sep 20
86345ba3153SMarcel Telka#   midnight. To save (energy?) consumption, we're expanding Summer Time
86445ba3153SMarcel Telka#   adoption till Oct 31 midnight.
86545ba3153SMarcel Telka#
86645ba3153SMarcel Telka# The Central Weather Bureau website didn't mention that, however it can
86745ba3153SMarcel Telka# be found from historical government announcement database.
86845ba3153SMarcel Telka
86945ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-03):
87045ba3153SMarcel Telka# As per Yu-Cheng Chuang, say that Taiwan was at UT +09 from 1937-10-01
87145ba3153SMarcel Telka# until 1945-09-21 at 01:00, overriding Shanks & Pottenger.
87245ba3153SMarcel Telka# Likewise, use Yu-Cheng Chuang's data for DST in Taiwan.
87345ba3153SMarcel Telka
87445ba3153SMarcel Telka# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
87545ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Taiwan	1946	only	-	May	15	0:00	1:00	D
87645ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Taiwan	1946	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
87745ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Taiwan	1947	only	-	Apr	15	0:00	1:00	D
87845ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Taiwan	1947	only	-	Nov	1	0:00	0	S
87945ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Taiwan	1948	1951	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	D
88045ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Taiwan	1948	1951	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
88145ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Taiwan	1952	only	-	Mar	1	0:00	1:00	D
88245ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Taiwan	1952	1954	-	Nov	1	0:00	0	S
88345ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Taiwan	1953	1959	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	D
88445ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Taiwan	1955	1961	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
88545ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Taiwan	1960	1961	-	Jun	1	0:00	1:00	D
88645ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Taiwan	1974	1975	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	D
88745ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Taiwan	1974	1975	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
88845ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Taiwan	1979	only	-	Jul	1	0:00	1:00	D
88945ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Taiwan	1979	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
89045ba3153SMarcel Telka
891*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
89245ba3153SMarcel Telka# Taipei or Taibei or T'ai-pei
89345ba3153SMarcel TelkaZone	Asia/Taipei	8:06:00 -	LMT	1896 Jan  1
894489eee58SDan McDonald			8:00	-	CST	1937 Oct  1
89545ba3153SMarcel Telka			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 21  1:00
89645ba3153SMarcel Telka			8:00	Taiwan	C%sT
89745ba3153SMarcel Telka
89845ba3153SMarcel Telka# Macau (Macao, Aomen)
8999b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#
9009b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# From P Chan (2018-05-10):
9019b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# * LegisMac
9029b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#   http://legismac.safp.gov.mo/legismac/descqry/Descqry.jsf?lang=pt
9039b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#   A database for searching titles of legal documents of Macau in
9049b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#   Chinese and Portuguese.  The term "HORÁRIO DE VERÃO" can be used for
9059b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#   searching decrees about summer time.
9069b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# * Archives of Macao
9079b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#   http://www.archives.gov.mo/en/bo/
9089b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#   It contains images of old official gazettes.
9099b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# * The Macao Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau have a page listing the
9109b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#   summer time history.  But it is not complete and has some mistakes.
9119b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#   http://www.smg.gov.mo/smg/geophysics/e_t_Summer%20Time.htm
9129b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# Macau adopted GMT+8 on 30 Oct 1904 to follow Hong Kong.  Clocks were
9139b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# advanced by 25 minutes and 50 seconds.  Which means the LMT used was
9149b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# +7:34:10.  As stated in the "Portaria No. 204" dated 21 October 1904
9159b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# and published in the Official Gazette on 29 October 1904.
9169b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# http://igallery.icm.gov.mo/Images/Archives/BO/MO_AH_PUB_BO_1904_10/MO_AH_PUB_BO_1904_10_00025_Grey.JPG
9179b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#
9189b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# Therefore the 1911 decree of Portugal did not change time in Macau.
9199b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#
9209b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# From LegisMac, here is a list of decrees that changed the time ...
9219b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# [Decree Gazette-no. date; titles omitted in this quotation]
9229b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	DIL 732 BOCM 51 1941.12.20
9239b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	DIL 764 BOCM 9S 1942.04.30
9249b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	DIL 781 BOCM 21 1942.10.10
9259b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	PT 3434 BOCM 8S 1943.04.17
9269b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	PT 3504 BOCM 20 1943.09.25
9279b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	PT 3843 BOCM 39 1945.09.29
9289b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	PT 3961 BOCM 17 1946.04.27
9299b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	PT 4026 BOCM 39 1946.09.28
9309b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	PT 4153 BOCM 16 1947.04.10
9319b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	PT 4271 BOCM 48 1947.11.29
9329b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	PT 4374 BOCM 18 1948.05.01
9339b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	PT 4465 BOCM 44 1948.10.30
9349b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	PT 4590 BOCM 14 1949.04.02
9359b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	PT 4666 BOCM 44 1949.10.29
9369b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	PT 4771 BOCM 12 1950.03.25
9379b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	PT 4838 BOCM 43 1950.10.28
9389b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	PT 4946 BOCM 12 1951.03.24
9399b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	PT 5025 BO 43 1951.10.27
9409b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	PT 5149 BO 14 1952.04.05
9419b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	PT 5251 BO 43 1952.10.25
9429b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	PT 5366 BO 13 1953.03.28
9439b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	PT 5444 BO 44 1953.10.31
9449b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	PT 5540 BO 12 1954.03.20
9459b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	PT 5589 BO 44 1954.10.30
9469b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	PT 5676 BO 12 1955.03.19
9479b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	PT 5739 BO 45 1955.11.05
9489b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	PT 5823 BO 11 1956.03.17
9499b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	PT 5891 BO 44 1956.11.03
9509b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	PT 5981 BO 12 1957.03.23
9519b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	PT 6064 BO 43 1957.10.26
9529b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	PT 6172 BO 12 1958.03.22
9539b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	PT 6243 BO 43 1958.10.25
9549b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	PT 6341 BO 12 1959.03.21
9559b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	PT 6411 BO 43 1959.10.24
9569b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	PT 6514 BO 11 1960.03.12
9579b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	PT 6584 BO 44 1960.10.29
9589b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	PT 6721 BO 10 1961.03.11
9599b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	PT 6815 BO 43 1961.10.28
9609b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	PT 6947 BO 10 1962.03.10
9619b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	PT 7080 BO 43 1962.10.27
9629b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	PT 7218 BO 12 1963.03.23
9639b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	PT 7340 BO 43 1963.10.26
9649b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	PT 7491 BO 11 1964.03.14
9659b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	PT 7664 BO 43 1964.10.24
9669b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	PT 7846 BO 15 1965.04.10
9679b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	PT 7979 BO 42 1965.10.16
9689b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	PT 8146 BO 15 1966.04.09
9699b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	PT 8252 BO 41 1966.10.08
9709b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	PT 8429 BO 15 1967.04.15
9719b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	PT 8540 BO 41 1967.10.14
9729b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	PT 8735 BO 15 1968.04.13
9739b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	PT 8860 BO 41 1968.10.12
9749b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	PT 9035 BO 16 1969.04.19
9759b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	PT 9156 BO 42 1969.10.18
9769b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	PT 9328 BO 15 1970.04.11
9779b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	PT 9418 BO 41 1970.10.10
9789b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	PT 9587 BO 14 1971.04.03
9799b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	PT 9702 BO 41 1971.10.09
9809b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	PT 38-A/72 BO 14 1972.04.01
9819b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	PT 126-A/72 BO 41 1972.10.07
9829b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	PT 61/73 BO 14 1973.04.07
9839b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	PT 182/73 BO 40 1973.10.06
9849b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	PT 282/73 BO 51 1973.12.22
9859b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	PT 177/74 BO 41 1974.10.12
9869b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	PT 51/75 BO 15 1975.04.12
9879b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	PT 173/75 BO 41 1975.10.11
9889b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	PT 67/76/M BO 14 1976.04.03
9899b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	PT 169/76/M BO 41 1976.10.09
9909b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	PT 78/79/M BO 19 1979.05.12
9919b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#	PT 166/79/M BO 42 1979.10.20
9929b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# Note that DIL 732 does not belong to "HORÁRIO DE VERÃO" according to
9939b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# LegisMac.... Note that between 1942 and 1945, the time switched
9949b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# between GMT+9 and GMT+10.  Also in 1965 and 1965 the DST ended at 2:30am.
9959b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman
9969b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# From Paul Eggert (2018-05-10):
9979b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# The 1904 decree says that Macau changed from the meridian of
9989b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# Fortaleza do Monte, presumably the basis for the 7:34:10 for LMT.
9999b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman
100045ba3153SMarcel Telka# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
10019b6c1413SAndy FiddamanRule	Macau	1942	1943	-	Apr	30	23:00	1:00	-
10029b6c1413SAndy FiddamanRule	Macau	1942	only	-	Nov	17	23:00	0	-
10039b6c1413SAndy FiddamanRule	Macau	1943	only	-	Sep	30	23:00	0	S
10049b6c1413SAndy FiddamanRule	Macau	1946	only	-	Apr	30	23:00s	1:00	D
10059b6c1413SAndy FiddamanRule	Macau	1946	only	-	Sep	30	23:00s	0	S
10069b6c1413SAndy FiddamanRule	Macau	1947	only	-	Apr	19	23:00s	1:00	D
10079b6c1413SAndy FiddamanRule	Macau	1947	only	-	Nov	30	23:00s	0	S
10089b6c1413SAndy FiddamanRule	Macau	1948	only	-	May	 2	23:00s	1:00	D
10099b6c1413SAndy FiddamanRule	Macau	1948	only	-	Oct	31	23:00s	0	S
10109b6c1413SAndy FiddamanRule	Macau	1949	1950	-	Apr	Sat>=1	23:00s	1:00	D
10119b6c1413SAndy FiddamanRule	Macau	1949	1950	-	Oct	lastSat	23:00s	0	S
10129b6c1413SAndy FiddamanRule	Macau	1951	only	-	Mar	31	23:00s	1:00	D
10139b6c1413SAndy FiddamanRule	Macau	1951	only	-	Oct	28	23:00s	0	S
10149b6c1413SAndy FiddamanRule	Macau	1952	1953	-	Apr	Sat>=1	23:00s	1:00	D
10159b6c1413SAndy FiddamanRule	Macau	1952	only	-	Nov	 1	23:00s	0	S
10169b6c1413SAndy FiddamanRule	Macau	1953	1954	-	Oct	lastSat	23:00s	0	S
10179b6c1413SAndy FiddamanRule	Macau	1954	1956	-	Mar	Sat>=17	23:00s	1:00	D
10189b6c1413SAndy FiddamanRule	Macau	1955	only	-	Nov	 5	23:00s	0	S
10199b6c1413SAndy FiddamanRule	Macau	1956	1964	-	Nov	Sun>=1	03:30	0	S
10209b6c1413SAndy FiddamanRule	Macau	1957	1964	-	Mar	Sun>=18	03:30	1:00	D
10219b6c1413SAndy FiddamanRule	Macau	1965	1973	-	Apr	Sun>=16	03:30	1:00	D
10229b6c1413SAndy FiddamanRule	Macau	1965	1966	-	Oct	Sun>=16	02:30	0	S
10239b6c1413SAndy FiddamanRule	Macau	1967	1976	-	Oct	Sun>=16	03:30	0	S
10249b6c1413SAndy FiddamanRule	Macau	1973	only	-	Dec	30	03:30	1:00	D
10259b6c1413SAndy FiddamanRule	Macau	1975	1976	-	Apr	Sun>=16	03:30	1:00	D
10269b6c1413SAndy FiddamanRule	Macau	1979	only	-	May	13	03:30	1:00	D
10279b6c1413SAndy FiddamanRule	Macau	1979	only	-	Oct	Sun>=16	03:30	0	S
10289b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman
1029*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
10309b6c1413SAndy FiddamanZone	Asia/Macau	7:34:10 -	LMT	1904 Oct 30
10319b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman			8:00	-	CST	1941 Dec 21 23:00
10329b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman			9:00	Macau	+09/+10	1945 Sep 30 24:00
1033489eee58SDan McDonald			8:00	Macau	C%sT
103445ba3153SMarcel Telka
103545ba3153SMarcel Telka
103645ba3153SMarcel Telka###############################################################################
103745ba3153SMarcel Telka
103845ba3153SMarcel Telka# Cyprus
1039489eee58SDan McDonald
104045ba3153SMarcel Telka# Milne says the Eastern Telegraph Company used 2:14:00.  Stick with LMT.
1041489eee58SDan McDonald# IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time.
1042489eee58SDan McDonald
1043489eee58SDan McDonald# From Paul Eggert (2016-09-09):
1044489eee58SDan McDonald# Yesterday's Cyprus Mail reports that Northern Cyprus followed Turkey's
1045489eee58SDan McDonald# lead and switched from +02/+03 to +03 year-round.
1046489eee58SDan McDonald# http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/09/08/two-time-zones-cyprus-turkey-will-not-turn-clocks-back-next-month/
104745ba3153SMarcel Telka#
1048489eee58SDan McDonald# From Even Scharning (2016-10-31):
1049489eee58SDan McDonald# Looks like the time zone split in Cyprus went through last night.
1050489eee58SDan McDonald# http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/10/30/cyprus-new-division-two-time-zones-now-reality/
1051489eee58SDan McDonald
1052226a4d14SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18):
1053226a4d14SYuri Pankov# Northern Cyprus will reinstate winter time on October 29, thus
1054226a4d14SYuri Pankov# staying in sync with the rest of Cyprus.  See: Anastasiou A.
1055226a4d14SYuri Pankov# Cyprus to remain united in time.  Cyprus Mail 2017-10-17.
1056226a4d14SYuri Pankov# https://cyprus-mail.com/2017/10/17/cyprus-remain-united-time/
1057226a4d14SYuri Pankov
105845ba3153SMarcel Telka# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
105945ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Cyprus	1975	only	-	Apr	13	0:00	1:00	S
106045ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Cyprus	1975	only	-	Oct	12	0:00	0	-
106145ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Cyprus	1976	only	-	May	15	0:00	1:00	S
106245ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Cyprus	1976	only	-	Oct	11	0:00	0	-
106345ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Cyprus	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
106445ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Cyprus	1977	only	-	Sep	25	0:00	0	-
106545ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Cyprus	1978	only	-	Oct	2	0:00	0	-
106645ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Cyprus	1979	1997	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
106745ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Cyprus	1981	1998	-	Mar	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
1068*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
106945ba3153SMarcel TelkaZone	Asia/Nicosia	2:13:28 -	LMT	1921 Nov 14
107045ba3153SMarcel Telka			2:00	Cyprus	EE%sT	1998 Sep
107145ba3153SMarcel Telka			2:00	EUAsia	EE%sT
1072489eee58SDan McDonaldZone	Asia/Famagusta	2:15:48	-	LMT	1921 Nov 14
1073489eee58SDan McDonald			2:00	Cyprus	EE%sT	1998 Sep
1074489eee58SDan McDonald			2:00	EUAsia	EE%sT	2016 Sep  8
1075226a4d14SYuri Pankov			3:00	-	+03	2017 Oct 29 1:00u
1076226a4d14SYuri Pankov			2:00	EUAsia	EE%sT
107745ba3153SMarcel Telka
107845ba3153SMarcel Telka# Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72.
107945ba3153SMarcel Telka# However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe.
108045ba3153SMarcel TelkaLink	Asia/Nicosia	Europe/Nicosia
108145ba3153SMarcel Telka
108245ba3153SMarcel Telka# Georgia
108345ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19):
108445ba3153SMarcel Telka# Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward
108545ba3153SMarcel Telka# an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze,
108645ba3153SMarcel Telka# an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it!
108745ba3153SMarcel Telka# We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall.
108845ba3153SMarcel Telka#
108945ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04):
109045ba3153SMarcel Telka# Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia
109145ba3153SMarcel Telka# will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy,
109245ba3153SMarcel Telka# President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday.
109345ba3153SMarcel Telka#
109445ba3153SMarcel Telka# From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27):
109545ba3153SMarcel Telka#
109645ba3153SMarcel Telka# Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday...  The former Soviet
109745ba3153SMarcel Telka# republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow.  As a result it
109845ba3153SMarcel Telka# is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours
109945ba3153SMarcel Telka# ahead.  The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia,
110045ba3153SMarcel Telka# Mikheil Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
110145ba3153SMarcel Telka# of integration into Europe.
110245ba3153SMarcel Telka
110345ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07):
110445ba3153SMarcel Telka# Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on
110545ba3153SMarcel Telka# [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years.
110645ba3153SMarcel Telka# Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT
110745ba3153SMarcel Telka# +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document
110845ba3153SMarcel Telka# about it.  As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document,
110945ba3153SMarcel Telka# because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time....
111045ba3153SMarcel Telka# I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our
111145ba3153SMarcel Telka# DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month.
111245ba3153SMarcel Telka
111345ba3153SMarcel Telka# Milne 1899 says Tbilisi (Tiflis) time was 2:59:05.7.
111445ba3153SMarcel Telka# Byalokoz 1919 says Georgia was 2:59:11.
111545ba3153SMarcel Telka# Go with Byalokoz.
111645ba3153SMarcel Telka
1117*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
111845ba3153SMarcel TelkaZone	Asia/Tbilisi	2:59:11 -	LMT	1880
111945ba3153SMarcel Telka			2:59:11	-	TBMT	1924 May  2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
112045ba3153SMarcel Telka			3:00	-	+03	1957 Mar
112145ba3153SMarcel Telka			4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
112245ba3153SMarcel Telka			3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04	1992
112345ba3153SMarcel Telka			3:00 E-EurAsia	+03/+04	1994 Sep lastSun
112445ba3153SMarcel Telka			4:00 E-EurAsia	+04/+05	1996 Oct lastSun
112545ba3153SMarcel Telka			4:00	1:00	+05	1997 Mar lastSun
112645ba3153SMarcel Telka			4:00 E-EurAsia	+04/+05	2004 Jun 27
112745ba3153SMarcel Telka			3:00 RussiaAsia	+03/+04	2005 Mar lastSun  2:00
112845ba3153SMarcel Telka			4:00	-	+04
112945ba3153SMarcel Telka
113045ba3153SMarcel Telka# East Timor
113145ba3153SMarcel Telka
113245ba3153SMarcel Telka# See Indonesia for the 1945 transition.
113345ba3153SMarcel Telka
113445ba3153SMarcel Telka# From João Carrascalão, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
113545ba3153SMarcel Telka# East Timor may be late for its millennium
1136226a4d14SYuri Pankov# <https://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm> (1999-12-26/31):
113745ba3153SMarcel Telka# Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
113845ba3153SMarcel Telka# rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
113945ba3153SMarcel Telka# Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
114045ba3153SMarcel Telka# conflicts with their way of life.
114145ba3153SMarcel Telka
114245ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
114345ba3153SMarcel Telka# We don't have any record of the above attempt.
114445ba3153SMarcel Telka# Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
114545ba3153SMarcel Telka
114645ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
114745ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/2000/00-08-16.undh.html
114845ba3153SMarcel Telka# (2000-08-16):
114945ba3153SMarcel Telka# The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
115045ba3153SMarcel Telka# today to advance East Timor's time by one hour.  The time change,
115145ba3153SMarcel Telka# which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
115245ba3153SMarcel Telka# midnight on Saturday, September 16.
115345ba3153SMarcel Telka
1154*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
115545ba3153SMarcel TelkaZone	Asia/Dili	8:22:20 -	LMT	1912 Jan  1
1156489eee58SDan McDonald			8:00	-	+08	1942 Feb 21 23:00
1157489eee58SDan McDonald			9:00	-	+09	1976 May  3
1158489eee58SDan McDonald			8:00	-	+08	2000 Sep 17  0:00
1159489eee58SDan McDonald			9:00	-	+09
116045ba3153SMarcel Telka
116145ba3153SMarcel Telka# India
116245ba3153SMarcel Telka
11639a0f2271SDominik Hassler# British astronomer Henry Park Hollis disliked India Standard Time's offset:
11649a0f2271SDominik Hassler# "A new time system has been proposed for India, Further India, and Burmah.
11659a0f2271SDominik Hassler# The scheme suggested is that the times of the meridians 5½ and 6½ hours
11669a0f2271SDominik Hassler# east of Greenwich should be adopted in these territories.  No reason is
11679a0f2271SDominik Hassler# given why hourly meridians five hours and six hours east should not be
11689a0f2271SDominik Hassler# chosen; a plan which would bring the time of India into harmony with
11699a0f2271SDominik Hassler# that of almost the whole of the civilised world."
11709a0f2271SDominik Hassler# Hollis HP. Universal Time, Longitudes, and Geodesy. Mon Not R Astron Soc.
11719a0f2271SDominik Hassler# 1905-02-10;65(4):405-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/65.4.382
11729a0f2271SDominik Hassler
117345ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Ian P. Beacock, in "A brief history of (modern) time", The Atlantic
1174226a4d14SYuri Pankov# https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/the-creation-of-modern-time/421419/
117545ba3153SMarcel Telka# (2015-12-22):
117645ba3153SMarcel Telka# In January 1906, several thousand cotton-mill workers rioted on the
117745ba3153SMarcel Telka# outskirts of Bombay....  They were protesting the proposed abolition of
117845ba3153SMarcel Telka# local time in favor of Indian Standard Time....  Journalists called this
117945ba3153SMarcel Telka# dispute the "Battle of the Clocks."  It lasted nearly half a century.
118045ba3153SMarcel Telka
1181226a4d14SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-20):
1182226a4d14SYuri Pankov# Good luck trying to nail down old timekeeping records in India.
1183226a4d14SYuri Pankov# "... in the nineteenth century ... Madras Observatory took its magnetic
1184226a4d14SYuri Pankov# measurements on Göttingen time, its meteorological measurements on Madras
1185226a4d14SYuri Pankov# (local) time, dropped its time ball on Greenwich (ocean navigator's) time,
1186226a4d14SYuri Pankov# and distributed civil (local time)." -- Bartky IR. Selling the true time:
1187226a4d14SYuri Pankov# 19th-century timekeeping in america. Stanford U Press (2000), 247 note 19.
1188226a4d14SYuri Pankov# "A more potent cause of resistance to the general adoption of the present
1189226a4d14SYuri Pankov# standard time lies in the fact that it is Madras time.  The citizen of
1190226a4d14SYuri Pankov# Bombay, proud of being 'primus in Indis' and of Calcutta, equally proud of
1191226a4d14SYuri Pankov# his city being the Capital of India, and - for a part of the year - the Seat
1192226a4d14SYuri Pankov# of the Supreme Government, alike look down on Madras, and refuse to change
1193226a4d14SYuri Pankov# the time they are using, for that of what they regard as a benighted
1194226a4d14SYuri Pankov# Presidency; while Madras, having for long given the standard time to the
1195226a4d14SYuri Pankov# rest of India, would resist the adoption of any other Indian standard in its
1196226a4d14SYuri Pankov# place." -- Oldham RD. On Time in India: a suggestion for its improvement.
1197226a4d14SYuri Pankov# Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (April 1899), 49-55.
1198226a4d14SYuri Pankov#
1199226a4d14SYuri Pankov# "In 1870 ... Madras time - 'now used by the telegraph and regulated from the
1200226a4d14SYuri Pankov# only government observatory' - was suggested as a standard railway time,
1201226a4d14SYuri Pankov# first to be adopted on the Great Indian Peninsular Railway (GIPR)....
1202226a4d14SYuri Pankov# Calcutta, Bombay, and Karachi, were to be allowed to continue with their
1203226a4d14SYuri Pankov# local time for civil purposes." - Prasad R. Tracks of Change: Railways and
1204226a4d14SYuri Pankov# Everyday Life in Colonial India. Cambridge University Press (2016), 145.
1205226a4d14SYuri Pankov#
1206226a4d14SYuri Pankov# Reed S, Low F. The Indian Year Book 1936-37. Bennett, Coleman, pp 27-8.
1207226a4d14SYuri Pankov# https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.282212
1208226a4d14SYuri Pankov# This lists +052110 as Madras local time used in railways, and says that on
1209226a4d14SYuri Pankov# 1906-01-01 railways and telegraphs in India switched to +0530.  Some
1210226a4d14SYuri Pankov# municipalities retained their former time, and the time in Calcutta
1211226a4d14SYuri Pankov# continued to depend on whether you were at the railway station or at
1212226a4d14SYuri Pankov# government offices.  Government time was at +055320 (according to Shanks) or
1213226a4d14SYuri Pankov# at +0554 (according to the Indian Year Book).  Railway time is more
1214226a4d14SYuri Pankov# appropriate for our purposes, as it was better documented, it is what we do
1215226a4d14SYuri Pankov# elsewhere (e.g., Europe/London before 1880), and after 1906 it was
1216226a4d14SYuri Pankov# consistent in the region now identified by Asia/Kolkata.  So, use railway
1217226a4d14SYuri Pankov# time for 1870-1941.  Shanks is our only (and dubious) source for the
1218226a4d14SYuri Pankov# 1941-1945 data.
1219226a4d14SYuri Pankov
1220*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1221226a4d14SYuri PankovZone	Asia/Kolkata	5:53:28 -	LMT	1854 Jun 28 # Kolkata
1222226a4d14SYuri Pankov			5:53:20	-	HMT	1870	    # Howrah Mean Time?
1223226a4d14SYuri Pankov			5:21:10	-	MMT	1906 Jan  1 # Madras local time
1224226a4d14SYuri Pankov			5:30	-	IST	1941 Oct
1225226a4d14SYuri Pankov			5:30	1:00	+0630	1942 May 15
122645ba3153SMarcel Telka			5:30	-	IST	1942 Sep
1227489eee58SDan McDonald			5:30	1:00	+0630	1945 Oct 15
122845ba3153SMarcel Telka			5:30	-	IST
1229226a4d14SYuri Pankov# Since 1970 the following are like Asia/Kolkata:
123045ba3153SMarcel Telka#	Andaman Is
123145ba3153SMarcel Telka#	Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
123245ba3153SMarcel Telka#	Nicobar Is
123345ba3153SMarcel Telka
123445ba3153SMarcel Telka# Indonesia
123545ba3153SMarcel Telka#
123645ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06):
123745ba3153SMarcel Telka# The 1876 Report of the Secretary of the [US] Navy, p 306 says that Batavia
123845ba3153SMarcel Telka# civil time was 7:07:12.5; round to even for Jakarta.
123945ba3153SMarcel Telka#
124045ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger:
124145ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime
124245ba3153SMarcel Telka# says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01.  Looking at some
124345ba3153SMarcel Telka# time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
124445ba3153SMarcel Telka# and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
124545ba3153SMarcel Telka#
124645ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10):
124745ba3153SMarcel Telka# Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger.
124845ba3153SMarcel Telka# JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in
124945ba3153SMarcel Telka# Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and
125045ba3153SMarcel Telka# other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus
125145ba3153SMarcel Telka# September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore.
125245ba3153SMarcel Telka# These would be the earliest possible times for a change.
125345ba3153SMarcel Telka# Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Éditions
125445ba3153SMarcel Telka# Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched
125545ba3153SMarcel Telka# from UT +09 to +07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura
125645ba3153SMarcel Telka# (Hollandia).  For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura
125745ba3153SMarcel Telka# switched on 1945-09-23.
125845ba3153SMarcel Telka#
125945ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11):
126045ba3153SMarcel Telka# Normally the tz database uses English-language abbreviations, but in
126145ba3153SMarcel Telka# Indonesia it's typical to use Indonesian-language abbreviations even
126245ba3153SMarcel Telka# when writing in English.  For example, see the English-language
126345ba3153SMarcel Telka# summary published by the Time and Frequency Laboratory of the
126445ba3153SMarcel Telka# Research Center for Calibration, Instrumentation and Metrology,
126545ba3153SMarcel Telka# Indonesia, <http://time.kim.lipi.go.id/time-eng.php> (2006-09-29).
126645ba3153SMarcel Telka# The time zone abbreviations and UT offsets are:
126745ba3153SMarcel Telka#
126845ba3153SMarcel Telka# WIB  - +07 - Waktu Indonesia Barat (Indonesia western time)
126945ba3153SMarcel Telka# WITA - +08 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time)
127045ba3153SMarcel Telka# WIT  - +09 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time)
127145ba3153SMarcel Telka#
1272*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
127345ba3153SMarcel Telka# Java, Sumatra
127445ba3153SMarcel TelkaZone Asia/Jakarta	7:07:12 -	LMT	1867 Aug 10
127545ba3153SMarcel Telka# Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
127645ba3153SMarcel Telka# but this must be a typo.
127745ba3153SMarcel Telka			7:07:12	-	BMT	1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Batavia
1278489eee58SDan McDonald			7:20	-	+0720	1932 Nov
1279489eee58SDan McDonald			7:30	-	+0730	1942 Mar 23
1280489eee58SDan McDonald			9:00	-	+09	1945 Sep 23
1281489eee58SDan McDonald			7:30	-	+0730	1948 May
1282489eee58SDan McDonald			8:00	-	+08	1950 May
1283489eee58SDan McDonald			7:30	-	+0730	1964
128445ba3153SMarcel Telka			7:00	-	WIB
128545ba3153SMarcel Telka# west and central Borneo
128645ba3153SMarcel TelkaZone Asia/Pontianak	7:17:20	-	LMT	1908 May
128745ba3153SMarcel Telka			7:17:20	-	PMT	1932 Nov    # Pontianak MT
1288489eee58SDan McDonald			7:30	-	+0730	1942 Jan 29
1289489eee58SDan McDonald			9:00	-	+09	1945 Sep 23
1290489eee58SDan McDonald			7:30	-	+0730	1948 May
1291489eee58SDan McDonald			8:00	-	+08	1950 May
1292489eee58SDan McDonald			7:30	-	+0730	1964
129345ba3153SMarcel Telka			8:00	-	WITA	1988 Jan  1
129445ba3153SMarcel Telka			7:00	-	WIB
129545ba3153SMarcel Telka# Sulawesi, Lesser Sundas, east and south Borneo
129645ba3153SMarcel TelkaZone Asia/Makassar	7:57:36 -	LMT	1920
129745ba3153SMarcel Telka			7:57:36	-	MMT	1932 Nov    # Macassar MT
1298489eee58SDan McDonald			8:00	-	+08	1942 Feb  9
1299489eee58SDan McDonald			9:00	-	+09	1945 Sep 23
130045ba3153SMarcel Telka			8:00	-	WITA
130145ba3153SMarcel Telka# Maluku Islands, West Papua, Papua
130245ba3153SMarcel TelkaZone Asia/Jayapura	9:22:48 -	LMT	1932 Nov
1303489eee58SDan McDonald			9:00	-	+09	1944 Sep  1
1304489eee58SDan McDonald			9:30	-	+0930	1964
130545ba3153SMarcel Telka			9:00	-	WIT
130645ba3153SMarcel Telka
130745ba3153SMarcel Telka# Iran
130845ba3153SMarcel Telka
130945ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15):
131045ba3153SMarcel Telka# This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian).
131145ba3153SMarcel Telka# The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine:
131245ba3153SMarcel Telka#
131345ba3153SMarcel Telka#	Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16]
131445ba3153SMarcel Telka#	No. 16760/T233 H				1370/6/10 [1991-09-01]
131545ba3153SMarcel Telka#
131645ba3153SMarcel Telka#	The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country
131745ba3153SMarcel Telka#
131845ba3153SMarcel Telka#	The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14],
131945ba3153SMarcel Telka#	based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13]
132045ba3153SMarcel Telka#	of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs,
132145ba3153SMarcel Telka#	and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers
132245ba3153SMarcel Telka#	and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and
132345ba3153SMarcel Telka#	for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that:
132445ba3153SMarcel Telka#
132545ba3153SMarcel Telka#	The official time of the country will should move forward one hour
132645ba3153SMarcel Telka#	at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return
132745ba3153SMarcel Telka#	to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of
132845ba3153SMarcel Telka#	Shahrivar.
132945ba3153SMarcel Telka#
133045ba3153SMarcel Telka#	First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi
133145ba3153SMarcel Telka#
133245ba3153SMarcel Telka# From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed
133345ba3153SMarcel Telka# for at least the last 5 years.  Before that, for a few years, the
133445ba3153SMarcel Telka# date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last
133545ba3153SMarcel Telka# Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates....
133645ba3153SMarcel Telka#
133745ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05):
133845ba3153SMarcel Telka# The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions
133945ba3153SMarcel Telka# that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic
134045ba3153SMarcel Telka# leap year calculation involved.  There has never been any serious
134145ba3153SMarcel Telka# plan to change that law....
134245ba3153SMarcel Telka#
13439a0f2271SDominik Hassler# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-30):
134445ba3153SMarcel Telka# Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter.
13459a0f2271SDominik Hassler# I used the following code in GNU Emacs 26.1 to generate the "Rule Iran"
13469a0f2271SDominik Hassler# lines from 2008 through 2087.  Emacs 26.1 uses Ed Reingold's
13479a0f2271SDominik Hassler# cal-persia implementation of Birashk's approximation, which in the
1348*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# 2008-2087 range disagrees with the astronomical Persian calendar
1349*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# for Persian years 1404 (Gregorian 2025) and 1437 (Gregorian 2058), so
1350*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# the following code special-cases those years.  See Table 15.1, page 264, of:
13519a0f2271SDominik Hassler# Edward M. Reingold and Nachum Dershowitz, Calendrical Calculations:
13529a0f2271SDominik Hassler# The Ultimate Edition, Cambridge University Press (2018).
13539a0f2271SDominik Hassler# https://www.cambridge.org/fr/academic/subjects/computer-science/computing-general-interest/calendrical-calculations-ultimate-edition-4th-edition
13549a0f2271SDominik Hassler# Page 258, footnote 2, of this book says there is some dispute over what will
13559a0f2271SDominik Hassler# happen in 2091 (and some other years after that), so this code
13569a0f2271SDominik Hassler# stops in 2087, as 2088 and 2089 agree with the "max" rule below.
13579a0f2271SDominik Hassler# (cl-loop
13589a0f2271SDominik Hassler#  initially (require 'cal-persia)
13599a0f2271SDominik Hassler#  with first-persian-year = 1387
13609a0f2271SDominik Hassler#  with last-persian-year = 1466
13619a0f2271SDominik Hassler#  ;; Exceptional years in the above range,
13629a0f2271SDominik Hassler#  ;; from Reingold & Dershowitz Table 15.1, page 264:
13639a0f2271SDominik Hassler#  with exceptional-persian-years = '(1404 1437)
13649a0f2271SDominik Hassler#  with range-start = nil
13659a0f2271SDominik Hassler#  for persian-year from first-persian-year to last-persian-year
13669a0f2271SDominik Hassler#  do
13679a0f2271SDominik Hassler#  (let*
13689a0f2271SDominik Hassler#      ((exceptional-year-offset
13699a0f2271SDominik Hassler#        (if (member persian-year exceptional-persian-years) 1 0))
13709a0f2271SDominik Hassler#       (beg-dst-absolute
13719a0f2271SDominik Hassler#        (+ (calendar-persian-to-absolute (list 1 1 persian-year))
13729a0f2271SDominik Hassler#           exceptional-year-offset))
13739a0f2271SDominik Hassler#       (end-dst-absolute
13749a0f2271SDominik Hassler#        (+ (calendar-persian-to-absolute (list 6 30 persian-year))
13759a0f2271SDominik Hassler#           exceptional-year-offset))
13769a0f2271SDominik Hassler#       (next-year-beg-dst-absolute
13779a0f2271SDominik Hassler#        (+ (calendar-persian-to-absolute (list 1 1 (1+ persian-year)))
13789a0f2271SDominik Hassler#           (if (member (1+ persian-year) exceptional-persian-years) 1 0)))
13799a0f2271SDominik Hassler#       (beg-dst (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute beg-dst-absolute))
13809a0f2271SDominik Hassler#       (end-dst (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute end-dst-absolute))
13819a0f2271SDominik Hassler#       (next-year-beg-dst (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute
13829a0f2271SDominik Hassler#                           next-year-beg-dst-absolute))
13839a0f2271SDominik Hassler#       (year (calendar-extract-year beg-dst))
13849a0f2271SDominik Hassler#       (range-end (if range-start year "only")))
13859a0f2271SDominik Hassler#    (setq range-start (or range-start year))
13869a0f2271SDominik Hassler#    (when (or (/= (calendar-extract-day beg-dst)
13879a0f2271SDominik Hassler#                  (calendar-extract-day next-year-beg-dst))
13889a0f2271SDominik Hassler#              (= persian-year last-persian-year))
13899a0f2271SDominik Hassler#      (insert
13909a0f2271SDominik Hassler#       (format
13919a0f2271SDominik Hassler#        "Rule\tIran\t%d\t%s\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t1:00\t-\n"
13929a0f2271SDominik Hassler#        range-start range-end
13939a0f2271SDominik Hassler#        (calendar-month-name (calendar-extract-month beg-dst) t)
13949a0f2271SDominik Hassler#        (calendar-extract-day beg-dst)))
13959a0f2271SDominik Hassler#      (insert
13969a0f2271SDominik Hassler#       (format
13979a0f2271SDominik Hassler#        "Rule\tIran\t%d\t%s\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t0\t-\n"
13989a0f2271SDominik Hassler#        range-start range-end
13999a0f2271SDominik Hassler#        (calendar-month-name (calendar-extract-month end-dst) t)
14009a0f2271SDominik Hassler#        (calendar-extract-day end-dst)))
14019a0f2271SDominik Hassler#      (setq range-start nil))))
140245ba3153SMarcel Telka#
140345ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future
140445ba3153SMarcel Telka# discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar:
140545ba3153SMarcel Telka# For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for
140645ba3153SMarcel Telka# the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local
140745ba3153SMarcel Telka# Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be
140845ba3153SMarcel Telka# known exactly, amongst other factors.  2157 is even closer:
140945ba3153SMarcel Telka# 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT.  But the Gregorian year 2025 should give
141045ba3153SMarcel Telka# no interpretation problem whatsoever.  By the way, another instant
141145ba3153SMarcel Telka# in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between
141245ba3153SMarcel Telka# arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058:
141345ba3153SMarcel Telka# vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT.  The Java version of
141445ba3153SMarcel Telka# Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date
141545ba3153SMarcel Telka# 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical).
141645ba3153SMarcel Telka#
141745ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22):
141845ba3153SMarcel Telka# Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore:
141945ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm
142045ba3153SMarcel Telka#
142145ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Nørgaard Welen:
142245ba3153SMarcel Telka# ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce
142345ba3153SMarcel Telka# daylight saving time ...
1424226a4d14SYuri Pankov# https://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916
142545ba3153SMarcel Telka#
142645ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05):
142745ba3153SMarcel Telka# This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of
142845ba3153SMarcel Telka# Iran, Volume 63, No. 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24
142945ba3153SMarcel Telka# [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:...
143045ba3153SMarcel Telka# The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour
143145ba3153SMarcel Telka# on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will
143245ba3153SMarcel Telka# be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the
143345ba3153SMarcel Telka# thirtieth day of Shahrivar.
143445ba3153SMarcel Telka#
143545ba3153SMarcel Telka# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
14369a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	1978	1980	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
14379a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	1978	only	-	Oct	20	24:00	0	-
14389a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	1979	only	-	Sep	18	24:00	0	-
14399a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	1980	only	-	Sep	22	24:00	0	-
14409a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	1991	only	-	May	 2	24:00	1:00	-
14419a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	1992	1995	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
14429a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	1991	1995	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
14439a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	1996	only	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
14449a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	1996	only	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
14459a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	1997	1999	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
14469a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	1997	1999	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
14479a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2000	only	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
14489a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2000	only	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
14499a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2001	2003	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
14509a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2001	2003	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
14519a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2004	only	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
14529a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2004	only	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
14539a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2005	only	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
14549a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2005	only	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
14559a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2008	only	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
14569a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2008	only	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
14579a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2009	2011	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
14589a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2009	2011	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
14599a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2012	only	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
14609a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2012	only	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
14619a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2013	2015	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
14629a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2013	2015	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
14639a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2016	only	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
14649a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2016	only	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
14659a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2017	2019	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
14669a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2017	2019	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
14679a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2020	only	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
14689a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2020	only	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
14699a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2021	2023	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
14709a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2021	2023	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
14719a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2024	only	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
14729a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2024	only	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
14739a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2025	2027	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
14749a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2025	2027	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
14759a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2028	2029	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
14769a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2028	2029	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
14779a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2030	2031	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
14789a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2030	2031	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
14799a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2032	2033	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
14809a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2032	2033	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
14819a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2034	2035	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
14829a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2034	2035	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
14839a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2036	2037	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
14849a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2036	2037	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
14859a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2038	2039	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
14869a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2038	2039	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
14879a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2040	2041	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
14889a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2040	2041	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
14899a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2042	2043	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
14909a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2042	2043	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
14919a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2044	2045	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
14929a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2044	2045	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
14939a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2046	2047	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
14949a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2046	2047	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
14959a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2048	2049	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
14969a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2048	2049	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
14979a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2050	2051	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
14989a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2050	2051	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
14999a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2052	2053	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
15009a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2052	2053	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
15019a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2054	2055	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
15029a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2054	2055	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
15039a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2056	2057	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
15049a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2056	2057	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
15059a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2058	2059	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
15069a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2058	2059	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
15079a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2060	2062	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
15089a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2060	2062	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
15099a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2063	only	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
15109a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2063	only	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
15119a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2064	2066	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
15129a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2064	2066	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
15139a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2067	only	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
15149a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2067	only	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
15159a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2068	2070	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
15169a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2068	2070	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
15179a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2071	only	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
15189a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2071	only	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
15199a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2072	2074	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
15209a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2072	2074	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
15219a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2075	only	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
15229a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2075	only	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
15239a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2076	2078	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
15249a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2076	2078	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
15259a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2079	only	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
15269a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2079	only	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
15279a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2080	2082	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
15289a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2080	2082	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
15299a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2083	only	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
15309a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2083	only	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
15319a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2084	2086	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
15329a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2084	2086	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
15339a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2087	only	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
15349a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2087	only	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
153545ba3153SMarcel Telka#
15369a0f2271SDominik Hassler# The following rules are approximations starting in the year 2088.
15379a0f2271SDominik Hassler# These are the best post-2088 approximations available, given the
15389a0f2271SDominik Hassler# restrictions of a single rule using ordinary Gregorian dates.
153945ba3153SMarcel Telka# At some point this table will need to be extended, though quite
154045ba3153SMarcel Telka# possibly Iran will change the rules first.
15419a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2088	max	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
15429a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Iran	2088	max	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
154345ba3153SMarcel Telka
1544*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
154545ba3153SMarcel TelkaZone	Asia/Tehran	3:25:44	-	LMT	1916
154645ba3153SMarcel Telka			3:25:44	-	TMT	1946     # Tehran Mean Time
1547489eee58SDan McDonald			3:30	-	+0330	1977 Nov
1548489eee58SDan McDonald			4:00	Iran	+04/+05	1979
1549489eee58SDan McDonald			3:30	Iran	+0330/+0430
155045ba3153SMarcel Telka
155145ba3153SMarcel Telka
155245ba3153SMarcel Telka# Iraq
155345ba3153SMarcel Telka#
155445ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12):
155545ba3153SMarcel Telka# An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in
155645ba3153SMarcel Telka# the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph:
155745ba3153SMarcel Telka# "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and
155845ba3153SMarcel Telka# are an hour ahead of Baghdad."
155945ba3153SMarcel Telka#
156045ba3153SMarcel Telka# But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows:
156145ba3153SMarcel Telka# In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi
156245ba3153SMarcel Telka# Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time.  They referred
156345ba3153SMarcel Telka# to daylight saving as Saddam time.  But, as of today, the time zone
156445ba3153SMarcel Telka# in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq.
156545ba3153SMarcel Telka#
156645ba3153SMarcel Telka# So we'll ignore the Economist's claim.
156745ba3153SMarcel Telka
156845ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10):
156945ba3153SMarcel Telka# The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following
157045ba3153SMarcel Telka# news sources (in Arabic):
157145ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html
157245ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10
157345ba3153SMarcel Telka#
157445ba3153SMarcel Telka# We have published a short article in English about the change:
1575226a4d14SYuri Pankov# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html
157645ba3153SMarcel Telka
157745ba3153SMarcel Telka# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
15788e22b25cSYuri PankovRule	Iraq	1982	only	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	-
15798e22b25cSYuri PankovRule	Iraq	1982	1984	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
15808e22b25cSYuri PankovRule	Iraq	1983	only	-	Mar	31	0:00	1:00	-
15818e22b25cSYuri PankovRule	Iraq	1984	1985	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	-
15828e22b25cSYuri PankovRule	Iraq	1985	1990	-	Sep	lastSun	1:00s	0	-
15838e22b25cSYuri PankovRule	Iraq	1986	1990	-	Mar	lastSun	1:00s	1:00	-
158445ba3153SMarcel Telka# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the ':01' is a typo.
158545ba3153SMarcel Telka# Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this.
158645ba3153SMarcel Telka#
15878e22b25cSYuri PankovRule	Iraq	1991	2007	-	Apr	 1	3:00s	1:00	-
15888e22b25cSYuri PankovRule	Iraq	1991	2007	-	Oct	 1	3:00s	0	-
1589*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
159045ba3153SMarcel TelkaZone	Asia/Baghdad	2:57:40	-	LMT	1890
159145ba3153SMarcel Telka			2:57:36	-	BMT	1918     # Baghdad Mean Time?
1592489eee58SDan McDonald			3:00	-	+03	1982 May
1593489eee58SDan McDonald			3:00	Iraq	+03/+04
159445ba3153SMarcel Telka
159545ba3153SMarcel Telka
159645ba3153SMarcel Telka###############################################################################
159745ba3153SMarcel Telka
159845ba3153SMarcel Telka# Israel
159945ba3153SMarcel Telka
160045ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11):
160145ba3153SMarcel Telka#
160245ba3153SMarcel Telka# I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988.  Until then there were three
160345ba3153SMarcel Telka# different abbreviations in use:
160445ba3153SMarcel Telka#
160545ba3153SMarcel Telka# JST  Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University]
160645ba3153SMarcel Telka# IZT  Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion]
160745ba3153SMarcel Telka# EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else]
160845ba3153SMarcel Telka#
160945ba3153SMarcel Telka# Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities,
161045ba3153SMarcel Telka# I ruled out JST.  As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe,
161145ba3153SMarcel Telka# EEST was equally unacceptable.  Since "zonal" was not compatible with
161245ba3153SMarcel Telka# any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go
161345ba3153SMarcel Telka# and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone
161445ba3153SMarcel Telka# settings in Israeli computers.
161545ba3153SMarcel Telka#
161645ba3153SMarcel Telka# In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India,
161745ba3153SMarcel Telka# high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's
161845ba3153SMarcel Telka# family is from India).
161945ba3153SMarcel Telka
162045ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Shanks & Pottenger:
162145ba3153SMarcel Telka# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
162245ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	1940	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	D
162345ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	1942	1944	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	S
162445ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	1943	only	-	Apr	 1	2:00	1:00	D
162545ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	1944	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	D
162645ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	1945	only	-	Apr	16	0:00	1:00	D
162745ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	1945	only	-	Nov	 1	2:00	0	S
162845ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	1946	only	-	Apr	16	2:00	1:00	D
162945ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	1946	only	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	S
163045ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	1948	only	-	May	23	0:00	2:00	DD
163145ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	1948	only	-	Sep	 1	0:00	1:00	D
163245ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	1948	1949	-	Nov	 1	2:00	0	S
163345ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	1949	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	D
163445ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	1950	only	-	Apr	16	0:00	1:00	D
163545ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	1950	only	-	Sep	15	3:00	0	S
163645ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	1951	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	D
163745ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	1951	only	-	Nov	11	3:00	0	S
163845ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	1952	only	-	Apr	20	2:00	1:00	D
163945ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	1952	only	-	Oct	19	3:00	0	S
164045ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	1953	only	-	Apr	12	2:00	1:00	D
164145ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	1953	only	-	Sep	13	3:00	0	S
164245ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	1954	only	-	Jun	13	0:00	1:00	D
164345ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	1954	only	-	Sep	12	0:00	0	S
164445ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	1955	only	-	Jun	11	2:00	1:00	D
164545ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	1955	only	-	Sep	11	0:00	0	S
164645ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	1956	only	-	Jun	 3	0:00	1:00	D
164745ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	1956	only	-	Sep	30	3:00	0	S
164845ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	1957	only	-	Apr	29	2:00	1:00	D
164945ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	1957	only	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
165045ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	1974	only	-	Jul	 7	0:00	1:00	D
165145ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	1974	only	-	Oct	13	0:00	0	S
165245ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	1975	only	-	Apr	20	0:00	1:00	D
165345ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	1975	only	-	Aug	31	0:00	0	S
16549a0f2271SDominik Hassler
16559a0f2271SDominik Hassler# From Alois Treindl (2019-03-06):
1656*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# http://www.moin.gov.il/Documents/שעון%20קיץ/clock-50-years-7-2014.pdf
16579a0f2271SDominik Hassler# From Isaac Starkman (2019-03-06):
16589a0f2271SDominik Hassler# Summer time was in that period in 1980 and 1984, see
16599a0f2271SDominik Hassler# https://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-3951073,00.html
16609a0f2271SDominik Hassler# You can of course read it in translation.
16619a0f2271SDominik Hassler# I checked the local newspapers for that years.
16629a0f2271SDominik Hassler# It started on midnight and end at 01.00 am.
16639a0f2271SDominik Hassler# From Paul Eggert (2019-03-06):
16649a0f2271SDominik Hassler# Also see this thread about the moin.gov.il URL:
16659a0f2271SDominik Hassler# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2018-November/027194.html
16669a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Zion	1980	only	-	Aug	 2	0:00	1:00	D
16679a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Zion	1980	only	-	Sep	13	1:00	0	S
16689a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Zion	1984	only	-	May	 5	0:00	1:00	D
16699a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	Zion	1984	only	-	Aug	25	1:00	0	S
16709a0f2271SDominik Hassler
16719a0f2271SDominik Hassler# From Shanks & Pottenger:
167245ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	1985	only	-	Apr	14	0:00	1:00	D
167345ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	1985	only	-	Sep	15	0:00	0	S
167445ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	1986	only	-	May	18	0:00	1:00	D
167545ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	1986	only	-	Sep	 7	0:00	0	S
167645ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	1987	only	-	Apr	15	0:00	1:00	D
167745ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	1987	only	-	Sep	13	0:00	0	S
167845ba3153SMarcel Telka
167945ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Avigdor Finkelstein (2014-03-05):
168045ba3153SMarcel Telka# I check the Parliament (Knesset) records and there it's stated that the
168145ba3153SMarcel Telka# [1988] transition should take place on Saturday night, when the Sabbath
168245ba3153SMarcel Telka# ends and changes to Sunday.
168345ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	1988	only	-	Apr	10	0:00	1:00	D
168445ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	1988	only	-	Sep	 4	0:00	0	S
168545ba3153SMarcel Telka
168645ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Ephraim Silverberg
168745ba3153SMarcel Telka# (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22,
168845ba3153SMarcel Telka# and 2005-02-17):
168945ba3153SMarcel Telka
169045ba3153SMarcel Telka# According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of
169145ba3153SMarcel Telka# Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes.
169245ba3153SMarcel Telka# One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150
169345ba3153SMarcel Telka# days of daylight savings time annually.  From 1993-1998, the change to
169445ba3153SMarcel Telka# daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to
169545ba3153SMarcel Telka# 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a
169645ba3153SMarcel Telka# Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard
169745ba3153SMarcel Telka# time.  1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard
169845ba3153SMarcel Telka# time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid
169945ba3153SMarcel Telka# conflicts with the Jewish New Year.  In 1999, the change to
170045ba3153SMarcel Telka# daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from
170145ba3153SMarcel Telka# 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time
170245ba3153SMarcel Telka# was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for
170345ba3153SMarcel Telka# 1999 only.  In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was
170445ba3153SMarcel Telka# similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it
170545ba3153SMarcel Telka# will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST.  Starting in 2001, all
170645ba3153SMarcel Telka# changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no
170745ba3153SMarcel Telka# rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date
170845ba3153SMarcel Telka# (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve
170945ba3153SMarcel Telka# of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date
171045ba3153SMarcel Telka# (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement]
171145ba3153SMarcel Telka# (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar).
171245ba3153SMarcel Telka
171345ba3153SMarcel Telka# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
171445ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	1989	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	D
171545ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	1989	only	-	Sep	 3	0:00	0	S
171645ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	1990	only	-	Mar	25	0:00	1:00	D
171745ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	1990	only	-	Aug	26	0:00	0	S
171845ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	1991	only	-	Mar	24	0:00	1:00	D
171945ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	1991	only	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0	S
172045ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	1992	only	-	Mar	29	0:00	1:00	D
172145ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	1992	only	-	Sep	 6	0:00	0	S
172245ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	1993	only	-	Apr	 2	0:00	1:00	D
172345ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	1993	only	-	Sep	 5	0:00	0	S
172445ba3153SMarcel Telka
172545ba3153SMarcel Telka# The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the
172645ba3153SMarcel Telka# Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel.  The spokeswoman can be reached by
172745ba3153SMarcel Telka# calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448.
172845ba3153SMarcel Telka
172945ba3153SMarcel Telka# Rule	NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
173045ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	1994	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	D
173145ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	1994	only	-	Aug	28	0:00	0	S
173245ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	1995	only	-	Mar	31	0:00	1:00	D
173345ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	1995	only	-	Sep	 3	0:00	0	S
173445ba3153SMarcel Telka
173545ba3153SMarcel Telka# The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the
173645ba3153SMarcel Telka# time, Haim Ramon.  The official announcement regarding 1996-1998
173745ba3153SMarcel Telka# (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at:
173845ba3153SMarcel Telka#
173945ba3153SMarcel Telka#   ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz
174045ba3153SMarcel Telka#
174145ba3153SMarcel Telka# The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa.
174245ba3153SMarcel Telka#
174345ba3153SMarcel Telka# The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at:
174445ba3153SMarcel Telka#
174545ba3153SMarcel Telka#   ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz
174645ba3153SMarcel Telka#
174745ba3153SMarcel Telka#       where YYYY is the relevant year.
174845ba3153SMarcel Telka
174945ba3153SMarcel Telka# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
175045ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	1996	only	-	Mar	15	0:00	1:00	D
175145ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	1996	only	-	Sep	16	0:00	0	S
175245ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	1997	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
175345ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	1997	only	-	Sep	14	0:00	0	S
175445ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	1998	only	-	Mar	20	0:00	1:00	D
175545ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	1998	only	-	Sep	 6	0:00	0	S
175645ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	1999	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00	1:00	D
175745ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	1999	only	-	Sep	 3	2:00	0	S
175845ba3153SMarcel Telka
175945ba3153SMarcel Telka# The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for
176045ba3153SMarcel Telka# the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the
176145ba3153SMarcel Telka# years 2001-2004 as well.
176245ba3153SMarcel Telka#
176345ba3153SMarcel Telka# The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at:
176445ba3153SMarcel Telka#
176545ba3153SMarcel Telka#	ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz
176645ba3153SMarcel Telka#
176745ba3153SMarcel Telka# The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates
176845ba3153SMarcel Telka# for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at:
176945ba3153SMarcel Telka#
177045ba3153SMarcel Telka#	ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz
177145ba3153SMarcel Telka
177245ba3153SMarcel Telka# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
177345ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	2000	only	-	Apr	14	2:00	1:00	D
177445ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	2000	only	-	Oct	 6	1:00	0	S
177545ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	2001	only	-	Apr	 9	1:00	1:00	D
177645ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	2001	only	-	Sep	24	1:00	0	S
177745ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	2002	only	-	Mar	29	1:00	1:00	D
177845ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	2002	only	-	Oct	 7	1:00	0	S
177945ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	2003	only	-	Mar	28	1:00	1:00	D
178045ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	2003	only	-	Oct	 3	1:00	0	S
178145ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	2004	only	-	Apr	 7	1:00	1:00	D
178245ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	2004	only	-	Sep	22	1:00	0	S
178345ba3153SMarcel Telka
178445ba3153SMarcel Telka# The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on
178545ba3153SMarcel Telka# 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the
178645ba3153SMarcel Telka# last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April
178745ba3153SMarcel Telka# 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday
178845ba3153SMarcel Telka# night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur.
178945ba3153SMarcel Telka#
179045ba3153SMarcel Telka# Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at:
179145ba3153SMarcel Telka#
179245ba3153SMarcel Telka#	ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps
179345ba3153SMarcel Telka
179445ba3153SMarcel Telka# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
1795*337881e8SAndy FiddamanRule	Zion	2005	2012	-	Apr	Fri<=1	2:00	1:00	D
179645ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	2005	only	-	Oct	 9	2:00	0	S
179745ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	2006	only	-	Oct	 1	2:00	0	S
179845ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	2007	only	-	Sep	16	2:00	0	S
179945ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	2008	only	-	Oct	 5	2:00	0	S
180045ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	2009	only	-	Sep	27	2:00	0	S
180145ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	2010	only	-	Sep	12	2:00	0	S
180245ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	2011	only	-	Oct	 2	2:00	0	S
180345ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	2012	only	-	Sep	23	2:00	0	S
180445ba3153SMarcel Telka
180545ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Ephraim Silverberg (2013-06-27):
180645ba3153SMarcel Telka# On June 23, 2013, the Israeli government approved changes to the
180745ba3153SMarcel Telka# Time Decree Law.  The next day, the changes passed the First Reading
180845ba3153SMarcel Telka# in the Knesset.  The law is expected to pass the Second and Third
180945ba3153SMarcel Telka# (final) Readings by the beginning of September 2013.
181045ba3153SMarcel Telka#
181145ba3153SMarcel Telka# As of 2013, DST starts at 02:00 on the Friday before the last Sunday
181245ba3153SMarcel Telka# in March.  DST ends at 02:00 on the last Sunday of October.
181345ba3153SMarcel Telka
181445ba3153SMarcel Telka# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
181545ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	2013	max	-	Mar	Fri>=23	2:00	1:00	D
181645ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Zion	2013	max	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
181745ba3153SMarcel Telka
1818*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
181945ba3153SMarcel TelkaZone	Asia/Jerusalem	2:20:54 -	LMT	1880
182045ba3153SMarcel Telka			2:20:40	-	JMT	1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time?
182145ba3153SMarcel Telka			2:00	Zion	I%sT
182245ba3153SMarcel Telka
182345ba3153SMarcel Telka
182445ba3153SMarcel Telka
182545ba3153SMarcel Telka###############################################################################
182645ba3153SMarcel Telka
182745ba3153SMarcel Telka# Japan
182845ba3153SMarcel Telka
182945ba3153SMarcel Telka# '9:00' and 'JST' is from Guy Harris.
183045ba3153SMarcel Telka
183145ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06):
183245ba3153SMarcel Telka# Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had
183345ba3153SMarcel Telka# daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but "the system was discontinued
183445ba3153SMarcel Telka# because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours."
183545ba3153SMarcel Telka
183645ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times:
183745ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm
183845ba3153SMarcel Telka# Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on
183945ba3153SMarcel Telka# [1948-05-01]....  But lack of prior debate and the execution of
184045ba3153SMarcel Telka# daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated
184145ba3153SMarcel Telka# deep hatred of the concept....  The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to
184245ba3153SMarcel Telka# dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San
184345ba3153SMarcel Telka# Francisco Peace Treaty was signed.  (A government poll in 1951 showed 53%
184445ba3153SMarcel Telka# of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who
184545ba3153SMarcel Telka# wanted to keep it.)
184645ba3153SMarcel Telka
184778112833SAndy Fiddaman# From Takayuki Nikai (2018-01-19):
184878112833SAndy Fiddaman# The source of information is Japanese law.
184978112833SAndy Fiddaman# http://www.shugiin.go.jp/internet/itdb_housei.nsf/html/houritsu/00219480428029.htm
185078112833SAndy Fiddaman# http://www.shugiin.go.jp/internet/itdb_housei.nsf/html/houritsu/00719500331039.htm
185178112833SAndy Fiddaman# ... In summary, it is written as follows.  From 24:00 on the first Saturday
185278112833SAndy Fiddaman# in May, until 0:00 on the day after the second Saturday in September.
18539b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman
18549b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# From Phake Nick (2018-09-27):
18559b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# [T]he webpage authored by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
18569b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# https://eco.mtk.nao.ac.jp/koyomi/wiki/BBFEB9EF2FB2C6BBFEB9EF.html
18579b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# ... mentioned that using Showa 23 (year 1948) as example, 13pm of September
18589b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# 11 in summer time will equal to 0am of September 12 in standard time.
18599b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# It cited a document issued by the Liaison Office which briefly existed
18609b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# during the postwar period of Japan, where the detail on implementation
18619b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# of the summer time is described in the document.
18629b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# https://eco.mtk.nao.ac.jp/koyomi/wiki/BBFEB9EF2FB2C6BBFEB9EFB2C6BBFEB9EFA4CEBCC2BBDCA4CBA4C4A4A4A4C6.pdf
18639b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# The text in the document do instruct a fall back to occur at
18649b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# September 11, 13pm in summer time, while ordinary citizens can
18659b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# change the clock before they sleep.
18669b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#
18679b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# From Paul Eggert (2018-09-27):
18689b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# This instruction is equivalent to "Sat>=8 25:00", so use that.  zic treats
18699b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# it like "Sun>=9 01:00", which is not quite the same but is the best we can
18709b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# do in any POSIX or C platform.  The "25:00" assumes zic from 2007 or later,
18719b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# which should be safe now.
18729b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman
187345ba3153SMarcel Telka# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
187478112833SAndy FiddamanRule	Japan	1948	only	-	May	Sat>=1	24:00	1:00	D
18759b6c1413SAndy FiddamanRule	Japan	1948	1951	-	Sep	Sat>=8	25:00	0	S
187678112833SAndy FiddamanRule	Japan	1949	only	-	Apr	Sat>=1	24:00	1:00	D
187778112833SAndy FiddamanRule	Japan	1950	1951	-	May	Sat>=1	24:00	1:00	D
187845ba3153SMarcel Telka
187945ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
188045ba3153SMarcel Telka# 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
18818e22b25cSYuri Pankov# Observatory: 139° 44' 40.90" E (9h 18m 58.727s), 35° 39' 16.0" N.
188245ba3153SMarcel Telka# This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
188345ba3153SMarcel Telka# edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
188445ba3153SMarcel Telka# JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
188545ba3153SMarcel Telka# The law is enacted on 1886-07-07.
188645ba3153SMarcel Telka
188745ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
188845ba3153SMarcel Telka# The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
18898e22b25cSYuri Pankov# which stands for the time on 135° E.
189045ba3153SMarcel Telka# In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
189145ba3153SMarcel Telka# standard time".  And the same ordinance also established "western standard
18928e22b25cSYuri Pankov# time", which stands for the time on 120° E....  But "western standard
189345ba3153SMarcel Telka# time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937).  In the ordinance No.
189445ba3153SMarcel Telka# 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
189545ba3153SMarcel Telka# standard....
189645ba3153SMarcel Telka#
189745ba3153SMarcel Telka# I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
189845ba3153SMarcel Telka# In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
189945ba3153SMarcel Telka
190045ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
190145ba3153SMarcel Telka# ...the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of Meiji Year 28 "The clause
190245ba3153SMarcel Telka# about standard time" ... The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896.
1903226a4d14SYuri Pankov# https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時)
190445ba3153SMarcel Telka#
190545ba3153SMarcel Telka# ...the Showa Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 ... which
190645ba3153SMarcel Telka# means the whole Japan territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan
190780ca1ec9SYuri Pankov# Central Time (UT+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937.
1908226a4d14SYuri Pankov# https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件
190945ba3153SMarcel Telka
1910*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
191145ba3153SMarcel TelkaZone	Asia/Tokyo	9:18:59	-	LMT	1887 Dec 31 15:00u
191245ba3153SMarcel Telka			9:00	Japan	J%sT
19139a0f2271SDominik Hassler# Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo,
19149a0f2271SDominik Hassler# except that Truk (Chuuk), Ponape (Pohnpei), and Jaluit (Kosrae) did not
19159a0f2271SDominik Hassler# switch from +10 to +09 until 1941-04-01; see the 'australasia' file.
191645ba3153SMarcel Telka
191745ba3153SMarcel Telka# Jordan
191845ba3153SMarcel Telka#
191945ba3153SMarcel Telka# From <http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html>
192045ba3153SMarcel Telka# Jordan Week (1999-07-01) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
192145ba3153SMarcel Telka# Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
192245ba3153SMarcel Telka# in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
192345ba3153SMarcel Telka# all year round.
192445ba3153SMarcel Telka#
192545ba3153SMarcel Telka# From <http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html>
192645ba3153SMarcel Telka# Jordan Week (1999-09-30) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
192745ba3153SMarcel Telka# Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
192845ba3153SMarcel Telka# by one hour.  This is the latest government decision and it's final!
192945ba3153SMarcel Telka# The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
193045ba3153SMarcel Telka# government's departments from six to seven hours.
193145ba3153SMarcel Telka#
193245ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
193345ba3153SMarcel Telka# Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
193445ba3153SMarcel Telka#
193545ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
193645ba3153SMarcel Telka# For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year
193745ba3153SMarcel Telka# about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year.
193845ba3153SMarcel Telka#
193945ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi:
194045ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm
194145ba3153SMarcel Telka# "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27".
194245ba3153SMarcel Telka#
194345ba3153SMarcel Telka
194445ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02):
194545ba3153SMarcel Telka# This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic):
194645ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279
194745ba3153SMarcel Telka#
194845ba3153SMarcel Telka# Google's translation:
194945ba3153SMarcel Telka#
195045ba3153SMarcel Telka# > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely
195145ba3153SMarcel Telka# > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday
195245ba3153SMarcel Telka# > of the month of March of each year.
195345ba3153SMarcel Telka#
195445ba3153SMarcel Telka# So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002.
195545ba3153SMarcel Telka
195645ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06):
195745ba3153SMarcel Telka# We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001.
195845ba3153SMarcel Telka
195945ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-10-25):
196045ba3153SMarcel Telka# Yesterday the government in Jordan announced that they will not
196145ba3153SMarcel Telka# switch back to standard time this winter, so the will stay on DST
196245ba3153SMarcel Telka# until about the same time next year (at least).
196345ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=88950
196445ba3153SMarcel Telka
196545ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-12-11):
196645ba3153SMarcel Telka# Jordan Times and other sources say that Jordan is going back to
196745ba3153SMarcel Telka# UTC+2 on 2013-12-19 at midnight:
196845ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://jordantimes.com/govt-decides-to-switch-back-to-wintertime
196945ba3153SMarcel Telka# Official, in Arabic:
197045ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.petra.gov.jo/public_news/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?Menu_ID=&Site_Id=2&lang=1&NewsID=133230&CatID=14
197145ba3153SMarcel Telka# ... Our background/permalink about it
1972226a4d14SYuri Pankov# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/jordan-reverses-dst-decision.html
197345ba3153SMarcel Telka# ...
197445ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?lang=2&site_id=1&NewsID=133313&Type=P
197545ba3153SMarcel Telka# ... says midnight for the coming one and 1:00 for the ones in the future
197645ba3153SMarcel Telka# (and they will use DST again next year, using the normal schedule).
197745ba3153SMarcel Telka
197845ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Paul Eggert (2013-12-11):
197945ba3153SMarcel Telka# As Steffen suggested, consider the past 21-month experiment to be DST.
198045ba3153SMarcel Telka
198145ba3153SMarcel Telka# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
198245ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Jordan	1973	only	-	Jun	6	0:00	1:00	S
198345ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Jordan	1973	1975	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
198445ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Jordan	1974	1977	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	S
198545ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Jordan	1976	only	-	Nov	1	0:00	0	-
198645ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Jordan	1977	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
198745ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Jordan	1978	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	S
198845ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Jordan	1978	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	-
198945ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Jordan	1985	only	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	S
199045ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Jordan	1985	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
199145ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Jordan	1986	1988	-	Apr	Fri>=1	0:00	1:00	S
199245ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Jordan	1986	1990	-	Oct	Fri>=1	0:00	0	-
199345ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Jordan	1989	only	-	May	8	0:00	1:00	S
199445ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Jordan	1990	only	-	Apr	27	0:00	1:00	S
199545ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Jordan	1991	only	-	Apr	17	0:00	1:00	S
199645ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Jordan	1991	only	-	Sep	27	0:00	0	-
199745ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Jordan	1992	only	-	Apr	10	0:00	1:00	S
199845ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Jordan	1992	1993	-	Oct	Fri>=1	0:00	0	-
199945ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Jordan	1993	1998	-	Apr	Fri>=1	0:00	1:00	S
200045ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Jordan	1994	only	-	Sep	Fri>=15	0:00	0	-
200145ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Jordan	1995	1998	-	Sep	Fri>=15	0:00s	0	-
200245ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Jordan	1999	only	-	Jul	 1	0:00s	1:00	S
200345ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Jordan	1999	2002	-	Sep	lastFri	0:00s	0	-
200445ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Jordan	2000	2001	-	Mar	lastThu	0:00s	1:00	S
200545ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Jordan	2002	2012	-	Mar	lastThu	24:00	1:00	S
200645ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Jordan	2003	only	-	Oct	24	0:00s	0	-
200745ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Jordan	2004	only	-	Oct	15	0:00s	0	-
200845ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Jordan	2005	only	-	Sep	lastFri	0:00s	0	-
200945ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Jordan	2006	2011	-	Oct	lastFri	0:00s	0	-
201045ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Jordan	2013	only	-	Dec	20	0:00	0	-
201145ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Jordan	2014	max	-	Mar	lastThu	24:00	1:00	S
201245ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Jordan	2014	max	-	Oct	lastFri	0:00s	0	-
2013*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
201445ba3153SMarcel TelkaZone	Asia/Amman	2:23:44 -	LMT	1931
201545ba3153SMarcel Telka			2:00	Jordan	EE%sT
201645ba3153SMarcel Telka
201745ba3153SMarcel Telka
201845ba3153SMarcel Telka# Kazakhstan
201945ba3153SMarcel Telka
202045ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin No. 11
202145ba3153SMarcel Telka# <http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm> (2005-03-21):
202245ba3153SMarcel Telka# The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing
202345ba3153SMarcel Telka# daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health
202445ba3153SMarcel Telka# complications coupled with a decrease in productivity.
202545ba3153SMarcel Telka#
202645ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28):
202745ba3153SMarcel Telka# ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone
202845ba3153SMarcel Telka# was "blended" with the Central zone.  Therefore, Kazakhstan now has
202945ba3153SMarcel Telka# two time zones, and difference between them is one hour.  The zone
203045ba3153SMarcel Telka# closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the
2031489eee58SDan McDonald# same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtöbe, Atyraū,
2032489eee58SDan McDonald# Mangghystaū, and West Kazakhstan.  The other zone encompasses
203345ba3153SMarcel Telka# everything else....  I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones
203445ba3153SMarcel Telka# de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively.
203545ba3153SMarcel Telka
2036489eee58SDan McDonald# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-27):
203745ba3153SMarcel Telka# Review of the linked documents from http://adilet.zan.kz/
203845ba3153SMarcel Telka# produced the following data for post-1991 Kazakhstan:
203945ba3153SMarcel Telka#
204045ba3153SMarcel Telka# 0. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the USSR
204145ba3153SMarcel Telka# from 1991-02-04 No. 20
204245ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102010545
204345ba3153SMarcel Telka# removed the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of the USSR
204445ba3153SMarcel Telka# starting with the last Sunday of March 1991.
204545ba3153SMarcel Telka# It also allowed (but not mandated) Kazakh SSR, Kirghiz SSR, Tajik SSR,
204645ba3153SMarcel Telka# Turkmen SSR and Uzbek SSR to not have "summer" time.
204745ba3153SMarcel Telka#
204845ba3153SMarcel Telka# The 1992-01-13 act also refers to the act of the Cabinet of Ministers
204945ba3153SMarcel Telka# of the Kazakh SSR from 1991-03-20 No. 170 "About the act of the Cabinet
205045ba3153SMarcel Telka# of Ministers of the USSR from 1991-02-04 No. 20" but I didn't found its
205145ba3153SMarcel Telka# text.
205245ba3153SMarcel Telka#
205345ba3153SMarcel Telka# According to Izvestia newspaper No. 68 (23334) from 1991-03-20
2054*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# -- page 6; available at http://libinfo.org/newsr/newsr2574.djvu via
2055*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# http://libinfo.org/index.php?id=58564 -- on 1991-03-31 at 2:00 during
205645ba3153SMarcel Telka# transition to "summer" time:
205745ba3153SMarcel Telka# Republic of Georgia, Latvian SSR, Lithuanian SSR, SSR Moldova,
205845ba3153SMarcel Telka# Estonian SSR; Komi ASSR; Kaliningrad oblast; Nenets autonomous okrug
205945ba3153SMarcel Telka# were to move clocks 1 hour forward.
206045ba3153SMarcel Telka# Kazakh SSR (excluding Uralsk oblast); Republic of Kyrgyzstan, Tajik
206145ba3153SMarcel Telka# SSR; Andijan, Jizzakh, Namangan, Sirdarya, Tashkent, Fergana oblasts
206245ba3153SMarcel Telka# of the Uzbek SSR were to move clocks 1 hour backwards.
206345ba3153SMarcel Telka# Other territories were to not move clocks.
206445ba3153SMarcel Telka# When the "summer" time would end on 1991-09-29, clocks were to be
206545ba3153SMarcel Telka# moved 1 hour backwards on the territory of the USSR excluding
206645ba3153SMarcel Telka# Kazakhstan, Kirghizia, Uzbekistan, Turkmenia, Tajikistan.
206745ba3153SMarcel Telka#
206845ba3153SMarcel Telka# Apparently there were last minute changes. Apparently Kazakh act No. 170
206945ba3153SMarcel Telka# was one of such changes.
207045ba3153SMarcel Telka#
2071*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Декретное_время
207245ba3153SMarcel Telka# claims that Sovetskaya Rossiya newspaper on 1991-03-29 published that
207345ba3153SMarcel Telka# Nenets autonomous okrug, Komi and Kazakhstan (excluding Uralsk oblast)
207445ba3153SMarcel Telka# were to not move clocks and Uralsk oblast was to move clocks
207545ba3153SMarcel Telka# forward; on 1991-09-29 Kazakhstan was to move clocks backwards.
207645ba3153SMarcel Telka# (Probably there were changes even after that publication. There is an
207745ba3153SMarcel Telka# article claiming that Kaliningrad oblast decided on 1991-03-29 to not
207845ba3153SMarcel Telka# move clocks.)
207945ba3153SMarcel Telka#
208045ba3153SMarcel Telka# This implies that on 1991-03-31 Asia/Oral remained on +04/+05 while
208145ba3153SMarcel Telka# the rest of Kazakhstan switched from +06/+07 to +05/06 or from +05/06
2082489eee58SDan McDonald# to +04/+05. It's unclear how Qyzylorda oblast moved into the fifth
208345ba3153SMarcel Telka# time belt. (By switching from +04/+05 to +05/+06 on 1991-09-29?) ...
208445ba3153SMarcel Telka#
208545ba3153SMarcel Telka# 1. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan
208645ba3153SMarcel Telka# from 1992-01-13 No. 28
208745ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000028_
208845ba3153SMarcel Telka# (text includes modification from the 1996 act)
208945ba3153SMarcel Telka# introduced new rules for calculation of time, mirroring Russian
209045ba3153SMarcel Telka# 1992-01-08 act.  It specified that time would be calculated
209145ba3153SMarcel Telka# according to time belts plus extra hour ("decree time"), moved clocks
209245ba3153SMarcel Telka# on the whole territory of Kazakhstan 1 hour forward on 1992-01-19 at
209345ba3153SMarcel Telka# 2:00, specified DST rules.  It acknowledged that Kazakhstan was
209445ba3153SMarcel Telka# located in the fourth and the fifth time belts and specified the
2095489eee58SDan McDonald# border between them to be located east of Qostanay and Aktyubinsk
2096489eee58SDan McDonald# oblasts (notably including Turgai and Qyzylorda oblasts into the fifth
209745ba3153SMarcel Telka# time belt).
209845ba3153SMarcel Telka#
209945ba3153SMarcel Telka# This means switch on 1992-01-19 at 2:00 from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for
2100489eee58SDan McDonald# Asia/Aqtau, Asia/Aqtobe, Asia/Oral, Atyraū and Qostanay oblasts; from
2101489eee58SDan McDonald# +05/+06 to +06/+07 for Asia/Almaty and Asia/Qyzylorda (and Arkalyk)....
210245ba3153SMarcel Telka#
210345ba3153SMarcel Telka# 2. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan
210445ba3153SMarcel Telka# from 1992-03-27 No. 284
210545ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000284_
2106489eee58SDan McDonald# cancels extra hour ("decree time") for Uralsk and Qyzylorda oblasts
210745ba3153SMarcel Telka# since the last Sunday of March 1992, while keeping them in the fourth
210845ba3153SMarcel Telka# and the fifth time belts respectively.
210945ba3153SMarcel Telka#
211045ba3153SMarcel Telka# 3. Order of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan
211145ba3153SMarcel Telka# from 1994-09-23 No. 384
211245ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/R940000384_
2113489eee58SDan McDonald# cancels the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of Mangghystaū
211445ba3153SMarcel Telka# oblast since the last Sunday of September 1994 (saying that time on
211545ba3153SMarcel Telka# the territory would correspond to the third time belt as a
211645ba3153SMarcel Telka# result)....
211745ba3153SMarcel Telka#
211845ba3153SMarcel Telka# 4. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
211945ba3153SMarcel Telka# from 1996-05-08 No. 575
212045ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P960000575_
212145ba3153SMarcel Telka# amends the 1992-01-13 act to end summer time in October instead
212245ba3153SMarcel Telka# of September, mirroring identical Russian change from 1996-04-23 act.
212345ba3153SMarcel Telka#
212445ba3153SMarcel Telka# 5. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
212545ba3153SMarcel Telka# from 1999-03-26 No. 305
212645ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P990000305_
2127489eee58SDan McDonald# cancels the extra hour ("decree time") for Atyraū oblast since the
212845ba3153SMarcel Telka# last Sunday of March 1999 while retaining the oblast in the fourth
212945ba3153SMarcel Telka# time belt.
213045ba3153SMarcel Telka#
2131489eee58SDan McDonald# This means change from +05/+06 to +04/+05....
213245ba3153SMarcel Telka#
213345ba3153SMarcel Telka# 6. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
213445ba3153SMarcel Telka# from 2000-11-23 No. 1749
213545ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P000001749_/23.11.2000
213645ba3153SMarcel Telka# replaces the previous five documents.
213745ba3153SMarcel Telka#
213845ba3153SMarcel Telka# The only changes I noticed are in definition of the border between the
213945ba3153SMarcel Telka# fourth and the fifth time belts.  They account for changes in spelling
214045ba3153SMarcel Telka# and administrative division (splitting of Turgai oblast in 1997
2141489eee58SDan McDonald# probably changed time in territories incorporated into Qostanay oblast
2142489eee58SDan McDonald# (including Arkalyk) from +06/+07 to +05/+06) and move Qyzylorda oblast
214345ba3153SMarcel Telka# from being in the fifth time belt and not using decree time into the
2144489eee58SDan McDonald# fourth time belt (no change in practice).
214545ba3153SMarcel Telka#
214645ba3153SMarcel Telka# 7. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
214745ba3153SMarcel Telka# from 2003-12-29 No. 1342
214845ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P030001342_
214945ba3153SMarcel Telka# modified the 2000-11-23 act.  No relevant changes, apparently.
215045ba3153SMarcel Telka#
215145ba3153SMarcel Telka# 8. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
215245ba3153SMarcel Telka# from 2004-07-20 No. 775
215345ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P040000775_/20.07.2004
2154489eee58SDan McDonald# modified the 2000-11-23 act to move Qostanay and Qyzylorda oblasts into
215545ba3153SMarcel Telka# the fifth time belt and add Aktobe oblast to the list of regions not
215645ba3153SMarcel Telka# using extra hour ("decree time"), leaving Kazakhstan with only 2 time
215745ba3153SMarcel Telka# zones (+04/+05 and +06/+07).  The changes were to be implemented
215845ba3153SMarcel Telka# during DST transitions in 2004 and 2005 but the acts got radically
215945ba3153SMarcel Telka# amended before implementation happened.
216045ba3153SMarcel Telka#
216145ba3153SMarcel Telka# 9. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
216245ba3153SMarcel Telka# from 2004-09-15 No. 1059
216345ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P040001059_
216445ba3153SMarcel Telka# modified the 2000-11-23 act to remove exceptions from the "decree time"
216545ba3153SMarcel Telka# (leaving Kazakhstan in +05/+06 and +06/+07 zones), amended the
2166489eee58SDan McDonald# 2004-07-20 act to implement changes for Atyraū, West Kazakhstan,
2167489eee58SDan McDonald# Qostanay, Qyzylorda and Mangghystaū oblasts by not moving clocks
2168489eee58SDan McDonald# during the 2004 transition to "winter" time.
216945ba3153SMarcel Telka#
2170489eee58SDan McDonald# This means transition from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for Atyraū oblast (no
217145ba3153SMarcel Telka# zone currently), Asia/Oral, Asia/Aqtau and transition from +05/+06 to
2172489eee58SDan McDonald# +06/+07 for Qostanay oblast (Qostanay and Arkalyk, no zones currently)
2173489eee58SDan McDonald# and Asia/Qyzylorda on 2004-10-31 at 3:00....
217445ba3153SMarcel Telka#
217545ba3153SMarcel Telka# 10. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
217645ba3153SMarcel Telka# from 2005-03-15 No. 231
217745ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P050000231_
217845ba3153SMarcel Telka# removes DST provisions from the 2000-11-23 act, removes most of the
217945ba3153SMarcel Telka# (already implemented) provisions from the 2004-07-20 and 2004-09-15
218045ba3153SMarcel Telka# acts, comes into effect 10 days after official publication.
218145ba3153SMarcel Telka# The only practical effect seems to be the abolition of the summer
218245ba3153SMarcel Telka# time.
218345ba3153SMarcel Telka#
218445ba3153SMarcel Telka# Unamended version of the act of the Government of the Russian Federation
218545ba3153SMarcel Telka# No. 23 from 1992-01-08 [See 'europe' file for details].
218645ba3153SMarcel Telka# Kazakh 1992-01-13 act appears to provide the same rules and 1992-03-27
218745ba3153SMarcel Telka# act was to be enacted on the last Sunday of March 1992.
218845ba3153SMarcel Telka
2189489eee58SDan McDonald# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-11-08):
2190489eee58SDan McDonald# Turgai reorganization should affect only southern part of Qostanay
2191489eee58SDan McDonald# oblast.  Which should probably be separated into Asia/Arkalyk zone.
2192489eee58SDan McDonald# (There were also 1970, 1988 and 1990 Turgai oblast reorganizations
2193489eee58SDan McDonald# according to wikipedia.)
219445ba3153SMarcel Telka#
2195489eee58SDan McDonald# [For Qostanay] http://www.ng.kz/gazeta/195/hranit/
2196489eee58SDan McDonald# suggests that clocks were to be moved 40 minutes backwards on
2197489eee58SDan McDonald# 1920-01-01 to the fourth time belt.  But I do not understand
2198489eee58SDan McDonald# how that could happen....
2199489eee58SDan McDonald#
2200489eee58SDan McDonald# [For Atyrau and Oral] 1919 decree
2201489eee58SDan McDonald# (http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-1919-02-08.html
2202489eee58SDan McDonald# and in Byalokoz) lists Ural river (plus 10 versts on its left bank) in
2203489eee58SDan McDonald# the third time belt (before 1930 this means +03).
2204489eee58SDan McDonald
22059a0f2271SDominik Hassler# From Alexander Konzurovski (2018-12-20):
22069a0f2271SDominik Hassler# Qyzyolrda Region (Asia/Qyzylorda) is changing its time zone from
22079a0f2271SDominik Hassler# UTC+6 to UTC+5 effective December 21st, 2018. The legal document is
22089a0f2271SDominik Hassler# located here: http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P1800000817 (russian language).
2209489eee58SDan McDonald
2210*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
221145ba3153SMarcel Telka#
221245ba3153SMarcel Telka# Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
221345ba3153SMarcel Telka# This includes KZ-AKM, KZ-ALA, KZ-ALM, KZ-AST, KZ-BAY, KZ-VOS, KZ-ZHA,
221445ba3153SMarcel Telka# KZ-KAR, KZ-SEV, KZ-PAV, and KZ-YUZ.
221545ba3153SMarcel TelkaZone	Asia/Almaty	5:07:48 -	LMT	1924 May  2 # or Alma-Ata
221645ba3153SMarcel Telka			5:00	-	+05	1930 Jun 21
221745ba3153SMarcel Telka			6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
221845ba3153SMarcel Telka			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
221945ba3153SMarcel Telka			6:00 RussiaAsia	+06/+07	2004 Oct 31  2:00s
222045ba3153SMarcel Telka			6:00	-	+06
222145ba3153SMarcel Telka# Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) (KZ-KZY)
222245ba3153SMarcel TelkaZone	Asia/Qyzylorda	4:21:52 -	LMT	1924 May  2
222345ba3153SMarcel Telka			4:00	-	+04	1930 Jun 21
222445ba3153SMarcel Telka			5:00	-	+05	1981 Apr  1
222545ba3153SMarcel Telka			5:00	1:00	+06	1981 Oct  1
222645ba3153SMarcel Telka			6:00	-	+06	1982 Apr  1
222745ba3153SMarcel Telka			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
222845ba3153SMarcel Telka			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	1991 Sep 29  2:00s
222945ba3153SMarcel Telka			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
223045ba3153SMarcel Telka			6:00 RussiaAsia	+06/+07	1992 Mar 29  2:00s
223145ba3153SMarcel Telka			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	2004 Oct 31  2:00s
22329a0f2271SDominik Hassler			6:00	-	+06	2018 Dec 21  0:00
22339a0f2271SDominik Hassler			5:00	-	+05
2234489eee58SDan McDonald#
22359a0f2271SDominik Hassler# Qostanay (aka Kostanay, Kustanay) (KZ-KUS)
22369a0f2271SDominik Hassler# The 1991/2 rules are unclear partly because of the 1997 Turgai
22379a0f2271SDominik Hassler# reorganization.
22389a0f2271SDominik HasslerZone	Asia/Qostanay	4:14:28 -	LMT	1924 May  2
22399a0f2271SDominik Hassler			4:00	-	+04	1930 Jun 21
22409a0f2271SDominik Hassler			5:00	-	+05	1981 Apr  1
22419a0f2271SDominik Hassler			5:00	1:00	+06	1981 Oct  1
22429a0f2271SDominik Hassler			6:00	-	+06	1982 Apr  1
22439a0f2271SDominik Hassler			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
22449a0f2271SDominik Hassler			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
22459a0f2271SDominik Hassler			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	2004 Oct 31  2:00s
22469a0f2271SDominik Hassler			6:00	-	+06
22479a0f2271SDominik Hassler
2248489eee58SDan McDonald# Aqtöbe (aka Aktobe, formerly Aktyubinsk) (KZ-AKT)
224945ba3153SMarcel TelkaZone	Asia/Aqtobe	3:48:40	-	LMT	1924 May  2
225045ba3153SMarcel Telka			4:00	-	+04	1930 Jun 21
225145ba3153SMarcel Telka			5:00	-	+05	1981 Apr  1
225245ba3153SMarcel Telka			5:00	1:00	+06	1981 Oct  1
225345ba3153SMarcel Telka			6:00	-	+06	1982 Apr  1
225445ba3153SMarcel Telka			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
225545ba3153SMarcel Telka			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
225645ba3153SMarcel Telka			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	2004 Oct 31  2:00s
225745ba3153SMarcel Telka			5:00	-	+05
2258489eee58SDan McDonald# Mangghystaū (KZ-MAN)
225945ba3153SMarcel Telka# Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region,
226045ba3153SMarcel Telka# so include timestamps before 1963.
226145ba3153SMarcel TelkaZone	Asia/Aqtau	3:21:04	-	LMT	1924 May  2
226245ba3153SMarcel Telka			4:00	-	+04	1930 Jun 21
226345ba3153SMarcel Telka			5:00	-	+05	1981 Oct  1
226445ba3153SMarcel Telka			6:00	-	+06	1982 Apr  1
226545ba3153SMarcel Telka			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
226645ba3153SMarcel Telka			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
226745ba3153SMarcel Telka			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1994 Sep 25  2:00s
226845ba3153SMarcel Telka			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	2004 Oct 31  2:00s
226945ba3153SMarcel Telka			5:00	-	+05
2270489eee58SDan McDonald# Atyraū (KZ-ATY) is like Mangghystaū except it switched from
2271489eee58SDan McDonald# +04/+05 to +05/+06 in spring 1999, not fall 1994.
2272489eee58SDan McDonaldZone	Asia/Atyrau	3:27:44	-	LMT	1924 May  2
2273489eee58SDan McDonald			3:00	-	+03	1930 Jun 21
2274489eee58SDan McDonald			5:00	-	+05	1981 Oct  1
2275489eee58SDan McDonald			6:00	-	+06	1982 Apr  1
2276489eee58SDan McDonald			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
2277489eee58SDan McDonald			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
2278489eee58SDan McDonald			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1999 Mar 28  2:00s
2279489eee58SDan McDonald			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	2004 Oct 31  2:00s
2280489eee58SDan McDonald			5:00	-	+05
228145ba3153SMarcel Telka# West Kazakhstan (KZ-ZAP)
228245ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
228345ba3153SMarcel Telka# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
228445ba3153SMarcel TelkaZone	Asia/Oral	3:25:24	-	LMT	1924 May  2 # or Ural'sk
2285489eee58SDan McDonald			3:00	-	+03	1930 Jun 21
228645ba3153SMarcel Telka			5:00	-	+05	1981 Apr  1
228745ba3153SMarcel Telka			5:00	1:00	+06	1981 Oct  1
228845ba3153SMarcel Telka			6:00	-	+06	1982 Apr  1
228945ba3153SMarcel Telka			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1989 Mar 26  2:00s
229045ba3153SMarcel Telka			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
229145ba3153SMarcel Telka			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1992 Mar 29  2:00s
229245ba3153SMarcel Telka			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	2004 Oct 31  2:00s
229345ba3153SMarcel Telka			5:00	-	+05
229445ba3153SMarcel Telka
229545ba3153SMarcel Telka# Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan)
229645ba3153SMarcel Telka# Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
229745ba3153SMarcel Telka
229845ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15):
229945ba3153SMarcel Telka# According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway
230045ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml
230145ba3153SMarcel Telka# Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system.  I take the article
230245ba3153SMarcel Telka# to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC.
230345ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21):
230445ba3153SMarcel Telka# Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005.
230545ba3153SMarcel Telka# From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving.
230645ba3153SMarcel Telka
230745ba3153SMarcel Telka# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
23088e22b25cSYuri PankovRule	Kyrgyz	1992	1996	-	Apr	Sun>=7	0:00s	1:00	-
230945ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Kyrgyz	1992	1996	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
23108e22b25cSYuri PankovRule	Kyrgyz	1997	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:30	1:00	-
231145ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Kyrgyz	1997	2004	-	Oct	lastSun	2:30	0	-
2312*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
231345ba3153SMarcel TelkaZone	Asia/Bishkek	4:58:24 -	LMT	1924 May  2
231445ba3153SMarcel Telka			5:00	-	+05	1930 Jun 21
231545ba3153SMarcel Telka			6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
231645ba3153SMarcel Telka			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1991 Aug 31  2:00
231745ba3153SMarcel Telka			5:00	Kyrgyz	+05/+06	2005 Aug 12
231845ba3153SMarcel Telka			6:00	-	+06
231945ba3153SMarcel Telka
232045ba3153SMarcel Telka###############################################################################
232145ba3153SMarcel Telka
232245ba3153SMarcel Telka# Korea (North and South)
232345ba3153SMarcel Telka
232445ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10):
232545ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=200607100012
232645ba3153SMarcel Telka# Korea ran a daylight saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it
232745ba3153SMarcel Telka# during the 1950-53 Korean War.  The system was temporarily enforced
232845ba3153SMarcel Telka# between 1987 and 1988 ...
232945ba3153SMarcel Telka
233045ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Sanghyuk Jung (2014-10-29):
2331226a4d14SYuri Pankov# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021830.html
233245ba3153SMarcel Telka# According to the Korean Wikipedia
2333226a4d14SYuri Pankov# https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/한국_표준시
233445ba3153SMarcel Telka# [oldid=12896437 2014-09-04 08:03 UTC]
233545ba3153SMarcel Telka# DST in Republic of Korea was as follows....  And I checked old
233645ba3153SMarcel Telka# newspapers in Korean, all articles correspond with data in Wikipedia.
233745ba3153SMarcel Telka# For example, the article in 1948 (Korean Language) proved that DST
233845ba3153SMarcel Telka# started at June 1 in that year.  For another example, the article in
233945ba3153SMarcel Telka# 1988 said that DST started at 2:00 AM in that year.
234045ba3153SMarcel Telka
23419a0f2271SDominik Hassler# From Phake Nick (2018-10-27):
23429a0f2271SDominik Hassler# 1. According to official announcement from Korean government, the DST end
23439a0f2271SDominik Hassler# date in South Korea should be
23449a0f2271SDominik Hassler# 1955-09-08 without specifying time
23459a0f2271SDominik Hassler# http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027977557
23469a0f2271SDominik Hassler# 1956-09-29 without specifying time
23479a0f2271SDominik Hassler# http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027978341
23489a0f2271SDominik Hassler# 1957-09-21 24 o'clock
23499a0f2271SDominik Hassler# http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027979690#3
23509a0f2271SDominik Hassler# 1958-09-20 24 o'clock
23519a0f2271SDominik Hassler# http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027981189
23529a0f2271SDominik Hassler# 1959-09-19 24 o'clock
23539a0f2271SDominik Hassler# http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027982974#2
23549a0f2271SDominik Hassler# 1960-09-17 24 o'clock
23559a0f2271SDominik Hassler# http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0028044104
23569a0f2271SDominik Hassler# ...
23579a0f2271SDominik Hassler# 2.... https://namu.wiki/w/대한민국%20표준시 ... [says]
23589a0f2271SDominik Hassler# when Korea was using GMT+8:30 as standard time, the international
23599a0f2271SDominik Hassler# aviation/marine/meteorological industry in the country refused to
23609a0f2271SDominik Hassler# follow and continued to use GMT+9:00 for interoperability.
23619a0f2271SDominik Hassler
23629a0f2271SDominik Hassler
236345ba3153SMarcel Telka# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
236445ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	ROK	1948	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00	1:00	D
23659a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	ROK	1948	only	-	Sep	12	24:00	0	S
236645ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	ROK	1949	only	-	Apr	 3	 0:00	1:00	D
23679a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	ROK	1949	1951	-	Sep	Sat>=7	24:00	0	S
236845ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	ROK	1950	only	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	1:00	D
236945ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	ROK	1951	only	-	May	 6	 0:00	1:00	D
237045ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	ROK	1955	only	-	May	 5	 0:00	1:00	D
23719a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	ROK	1955	only	-	Sep	 8	24:00	0	S
237245ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	ROK	1956	only	-	May	20	 0:00	1:00	D
23739a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	ROK	1956	only	-	Sep	29	24:00	0	S
237445ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	ROK	1957	1960	-	May	Sun>=1	 0:00	1:00	D
23759a0f2271SDominik HasslerRule	ROK	1957	1960	-	Sep	Sat>=17	24:00	0	S
237645ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	ROK	1987	1988	-	May	Sun>=8	 2:00	1:00	D
237745ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	ROK	1987	1988	-	Oct	Sun>=8	 3:00	0	S
237845ba3153SMarcel Telka
237945ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Paul Eggert (2016-08-23):
238045ba3153SMarcel Telka# The Korean Wikipedia entry gives the following sources for UT offsets:
238145ba3153SMarcel Telka#
238245ba3153SMarcel Telka# 1908: Official Journal Article No. 3994 (decree No. 5)
238345ba3153SMarcel Telka# 1912: Governor-General of Korea Official Gazette Issue No. 367
238445ba3153SMarcel Telka#       (Announcement No. 338)
238545ba3153SMarcel Telka# 1954: Presidential Decree No. 876 (1954-03-17)
238645ba3153SMarcel Telka# 1961: Law No. 676 (1961-08-07)
238745ba3153SMarcel Telka#
238845ba3153SMarcel Telka# (Another source "1987: Law No. 3919 (1986-12-31)" was in the 2014-10-30
238945ba3153SMarcel Telka# edition of the Korean Wikipedia entry.)
239045ba3153SMarcel Telka#
239145ba3153SMarcel Telka# I guessed that time zone abbreviations through 1945 followed the same
239245ba3153SMarcel Telka# rules as discussed under Taiwan, with nominal switches from JST to KST
239345ba3153SMarcel Telka# when the respective cities were taken over by the Allies after WWII.
239445ba3153SMarcel Telka#
239545ba3153SMarcel Telka# For Pyongyang, guess no changes from World War II until 2015, as we
239645ba3153SMarcel Telka# have no information otherwise.
239745ba3153SMarcel Telka
239845ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-08-07):
239945ba3153SMarcel Telka# According to many news sources, North Korea is going to change to
240045ba3153SMarcel Telka# the 8:30 time zone on August 15, one example:
240145ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-33815049
240245ba3153SMarcel Telka#
240345ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Paul Eggert (2015-08-15):
240445ba3153SMarcel Telka# Bells rang out midnight (00:00) Friday as part of the celebrations.  See:
240545ba3153SMarcel Telka# Talmadge E. North Korea celebrates new time zone, 'Pyongyang Time'
240645ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://news.yahoo.com/north-korea-celebrates-time-zone-pyongyang-time-164038128.html
240745ba3153SMarcel Telka# There is no common English-language abbreviation for this time zone.
240845ba3153SMarcel Telka# Use KST, as that's what we already use for 1954-1961 in ROK.
240945ba3153SMarcel Telka
24108e22b25cSYuri Pankov# From Kang Seonghoon (2018-04-29):
24118e22b25cSYuri Pankov# North Korea will revert its time zone from UTC+8:30 (PYT; Pyongyang
24128e22b25cSYuri Pankov# Time) back to UTC+9 (KST; Korea Standard Time).
24138e22b25cSYuri Pankov#
24148e22b25cSYuri Pankov# From Seo Sanghyeon (2018-04-30):
24158e22b25cSYuri Pankov# Rodong Sinmun 2018-04-30 announced Pyongyang Time transition plan.
24168e22b25cSYuri Pankov# https://www.nknews.org/kcna/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2018/04/rodong-2018-04-30.pdf
24178e22b25cSYuri Pankov# ... the transition date is 2018-05-05 ...  Citation should be Decree
24188e22b25cSYuri Pankov# No. 2232 of April 30, 2018, of the Presidium of the Supreme People's
24198e22b25cSYuri Pankov# Assembly, as published in Rodong Sinmun.
24208e22b25cSYuri Pankov# From Tim Parenti (2018-04-29):
24218e22b25cSYuri Pankov# It appears to be the front page story at the top in the right-most column.
24229b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#
24239b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# From Paul Eggert (2018-05-04):
24249b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# The BBC reported that the transition was from 23:30 to 24:00 today.
24259b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-44010705
24268e22b25cSYuri Pankov
2427*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
242845ba3153SMarcel TelkaZone	Asia/Seoul	8:27:52	-	LMT	1908 Apr  1
242945ba3153SMarcel Telka			8:30	-	KST	1912 Jan  1
243045ba3153SMarcel Telka			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep  8
2431*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman			9:00	ROK	K%sT	1954 Mar 21
243245ba3153SMarcel Telka			8:30	ROK	K%sT	1961 Aug 10
243345ba3153SMarcel Telka			9:00	ROK	K%sT
243445ba3153SMarcel TelkaZone	Asia/Pyongyang	8:23:00 -	LMT	1908 Apr  1
243545ba3153SMarcel Telka			8:30	-	KST	1912 Jan  1
243645ba3153SMarcel Telka			9:00	-	JST	1945 Aug 24
243745ba3153SMarcel Telka			9:00	-	KST	2015 Aug 15 00:00
24389b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman			8:30	-	KST	2018 May  4 23:30
24398e22b25cSYuri Pankov			9:00	-	KST
244045ba3153SMarcel Telka
244145ba3153SMarcel Telka###############################################################################
244245ba3153SMarcel Telka
244345ba3153SMarcel Telka# Kuwait
244445ba3153SMarcel Telka# See Asia/Riyadh.
244545ba3153SMarcel Telka
244645ba3153SMarcel Telka# Laos
244745ba3153SMarcel Telka# See Asia/Bangkok.
244845ba3153SMarcel Telka
244945ba3153SMarcel Telka
245045ba3153SMarcel Telka# Lebanon
245145ba3153SMarcel Telka# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
245245ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Lebanon	1920	only	-	Mar	28	0:00	1:00	S
245345ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Lebanon	1920	only	-	Oct	25	0:00	0	-
245445ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Lebanon	1921	only	-	Apr	3	0:00	1:00	S
245545ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Lebanon	1921	only	-	Oct	3	0:00	0	-
245645ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Lebanon	1922	only	-	Mar	26	0:00	1:00	S
245745ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Lebanon	1922	only	-	Oct	8	0:00	0	-
245845ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Lebanon	1923	only	-	Apr	22	0:00	1:00	S
245945ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Lebanon	1923	only	-	Sep	16	0:00	0	-
246045ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Lebanon	1957	1961	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	S
246145ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Lebanon	1957	1961	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
246245ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Lebanon	1972	only	-	Jun	22	0:00	1:00	S
246345ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Lebanon	1972	1977	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
246445ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Lebanon	1973	1977	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	S
246545ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Lebanon	1978	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	S
246645ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Lebanon	1978	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	-
246745ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Lebanon	1984	1987	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	S
246845ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Lebanon	1984	1991	-	Oct	16	0:00	0	-
246945ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Lebanon	1988	only	-	Jun	1	0:00	1:00	S
247045ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Lebanon	1989	only	-	May	10	0:00	1:00	S
247145ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Lebanon	1990	1992	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	S
247245ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Lebanon	1992	only	-	Oct	4	0:00	0	-
247345ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Lebanon	1993	max	-	Mar	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
247445ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Lebanon	1993	1998	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
247545ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Lebanon	1999	max	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0	-
2476*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
247745ba3153SMarcel TelkaZone	Asia/Beirut	2:22:00 -	LMT	1880
247845ba3153SMarcel Telka			2:00	Lebanon	EE%sT
247945ba3153SMarcel Telka
248045ba3153SMarcel Telka# Malaysia
248145ba3153SMarcel Telka# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
24828e22b25cSYuri PankovRule	NBorneo	1935	1941	-	Sep	14	0:00	0:20	-
248345ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	NBorneo	1935	1941	-	Dec	14	0:00	0	-
248445ba3153SMarcel Telka#
248545ba3153SMarcel Telka# peninsular Malaysia
248645ba3153SMarcel Telka# taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
248745ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html
2488*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
248945ba3153SMarcel TelkaZone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur	6:46:46 -	LMT	1901 Jan  1
249045ba3153SMarcel Telka			6:55:25	-	SMT	1905 Jun  1 # Singapore M.T.
2491489eee58SDan McDonald			7:00	-	+07	1933 Jan  1
2492489eee58SDan McDonald			7:00	0:20	+0720	1936 Jan  1
2493489eee58SDan McDonald			7:20	-	+0720	1941 Sep  1
2494489eee58SDan McDonald			7:30	-	+0730	1942 Feb 16
2495489eee58SDan McDonald			9:00	-	+09	1945 Sep 12
2496489eee58SDan McDonald			7:30	-	+0730	1982 Jan  1
2497489eee58SDan McDonald			8:00	-	+08
249845ba3153SMarcel Telka# Sabah & Sarawak
249945ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12):
250045ba3153SMarcel Telka# The data entries here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945
250145ba3153SMarcel Telka# and 1982 transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
2502*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
250345ba3153SMarcel TelkaZone Asia/Kuching	7:21:20	-	LMT	1926 Mar
2504489eee58SDan McDonald			7:30	-	+0730	1933
2505489eee58SDan McDonald			8:00 NBorneo  +08/+0820	1942 Feb 16
2506489eee58SDan McDonald			9:00	-	+09	1945 Sep 12
2507489eee58SDan McDonald			8:00	-	+08
250845ba3153SMarcel Telka
250945ba3153SMarcel Telka# Maldives
2510*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
251180ca1ec9SYuri PankovZone	Indian/Maldives	4:54:00 -	LMT	1880 # Malé
251280ca1ec9SYuri Pankov			4:54:00	-	MMT	1960 # Malé Mean Time
2513489eee58SDan McDonald			5:00	-	+05
251445ba3153SMarcel Telka
251545ba3153SMarcel Telka# Mongolia
251645ba3153SMarcel Telka
251745ba3153SMarcel Telka# Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but
251845ba3153SMarcel Telka# The USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World
251945ba3153SMarcel Telka# (2005-03) both say that it has just one.
252045ba3153SMarcel Telka
252145ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
252245ba3153SMarcel Telka# General Information Mongolia
252345ba3153SMarcel Telka# <http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm> (1999-09)
252445ba3153SMarcel Telka# "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
252545ba3153SMarcel Telka# Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
252645ba3153SMarcel Telka# the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
252745ba3153SMarcel Telka# eight hours."
252845ba3153SMarcel Telka
252945ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Rives McDow (1999-12-13):
253045ba3153SMarcel Telka# Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998
253145ba3153SMarcel Telka# being the last year it was implemented.  The dates of implementation I am
253245ba3153SMarcel Telka# unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time
253345ba3153SMarcel Telka# of implementation may have been different....
253445ba3153SMarcel Telka# Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time
253545ba3153SMarcel Telka# zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod,
253645ba3153SMarcel Telka# Sükhbaatar, and possibly Khentii.
253745ba3153SMarcel Telka
253845ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15):
253945ba3153SMarcel Telka# Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia.
254045ba3153SMarcel Telka# We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone;
254145ba3153SMarcel Telka# the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us,
254245ba3153SMarcel Telka# and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd
254345ba3153SMarcel Telka# is good enough for our purposes.
254445ba3153SMarcel Telka
254545ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Rives McDow (2001-05-13):
254645ba3153SMarcel Telka# In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier
254745ba3153SMarcel Telka# (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28),
254845ba3153SMarcel Telka# there are three time zones.
254945ba3153SMarcel Telka#
255045ba3153SMarcel Telka# Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai
255145ba3153SMarcel Telka# Provinces [at 8:00]: Khövsgöl, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Töv,
255245ba3153SMarcel Telka#	Bayankhongor, Övörkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Ömnögovi
255345ba3153SMarcel Telka# Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sükhbaatar
255445ba3153SMarcel Telka#
255545ba3153SMarcel Telka# [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.]
255645ba3153SMarcel Telka
255745ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17):
255845ba3153SMarcel Telka# Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March.
255945ba3153SMarcel Telka# It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of
256045ba3153SMarcel Telka# September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001.
256145ba3153SMarcel Telka#
256245ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17):
256345ba3153SMarcel Telka# For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs
256445ba3153SMarcel Telka# Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them.
256545ba3153SMarcel Telka
256645ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26):
256745ba3153SMarcel Telka# We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones.
256845ba3153SMarcel Telka# Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says
256945ba3153SMarcel Telka# there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft
257045ba3153SMarcel Telka# Windows XP as the source.  Risto Nykänen (2005-05-16) reports that
257145ba3153SMarcel Telka# travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UT +07, +08) with no DST.
257245ba3153SMarcel Telka# Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in
257345ba3153SMarcel Telka# Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed.
257445ba3153SMarcel Telka# He also found
257545ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&
257645ba3153SMarcel Telka# which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius"
257745ba3153SMarcel Telka# (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones.
257845ba3153SMarcel Telka# The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT
257945ba3153SMarcel Telka# and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sükhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
258045ba3153SMarcel Telka# The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the
258145ba3153SMarcel Telka# parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session."
258245ba3153SMarcel Telka# For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation.
258345ba3153SMarcel Telka
258445ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26):
258545ba3153SMarcel Telka# Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February.
258645ba3153SMarcel Telka# They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time....
258745ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742
258845ba3153SMarcel Telka
258945ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30):
259045ba3153SMarcel Telka# We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for
259145ba3153SMarcel Telka# Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT
259245ba3153SMarcel Telka# +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz
259345ba3153SMarcel Telka# database on this, e.g.:
259445ba3153SMarcel Telka#
2595226a4d14SYuri Pankov# https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026
259645ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx
259745ba3153SMarcel Telka#
259845ba3153SMarcel Telka# both say GMT+08:00.
259945ba3153SMarcel Telka
260045ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31):
260145ba3153SMarcel Telka# eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight
260245ba3153SMarcel Telka# schedule here:
260345ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112
260445ba3153SMarcel Telka# (click the English flag for English)
260545ba3153SMarcel Telka#
260645ba3153SMarcel Telka# There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbaatar arrive
260745ba3153SMarcel Telka# about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the
260845ba3153SMarcel Telka# direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khovd takes 2 hours in the Eastern
260945ba3153SMarcel Telka# direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbaatar and Khovd are
261045ba3153SMarcel Telka# in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and
261145ba3153SMarcel Telka# Ulaanbaatar are in the same time zone (correction needed).
261245ba3153SMarcel Telka
261345ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
261445ba3153SMarcel Telka# Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00.
261545ba3153SMarcel Telka# XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition
261645ba3153SMarcel Telka# was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report);
261745ba3153SMarcel Telka# this is almost surely wrong.
261845ba3153SMarcel Telka
261945ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Ganbold Tsagaankhuu (2015-03-10):
262045ba3153SMarcel Telka# It seems like yesterday Mongolian Government meeting has concluded to use
262145ba3153SMarcel Telka# daylight saving time in Mongolia....  Starting at 2:00AM of last Saturday of
262245ba3153SMarcel Telka# March 2015, daylight saving time starts.  And 00:00AM of last Saturday of
262345ba3153SMarcel Telka# September daylight saving time ends.  Source:
262445ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://zasag.mn/news/view/8969
262545ba3153SMarcel Telka
262645ba3153SMarcel Telka# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
26278e22b25cSYuri PankovRule	Mongol	1983	1984	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	-
262845ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Mongol	1983	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
262945ba3153SMarcel Telka# Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00,
263045ba3153SMarcel Telka# but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00.  Also, IATA SSIM
263145ba3153SMarcel Telka# (1996-09) says 1996-10-25.  Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998.
263245ba3153SMarcel Telka#
263345ba3153SMarcel Telka# Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches
263445ba3153SMarcel Telka# in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sükhbaatar) took place
263545ba3153SMarcel Telka# at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of
263645ba3153SMarcel Telka# the country.  That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their
263745ba3153SMarcel Telka# correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly
263845ba3153SMarcel Telka# in the latest edition; so ignore it for now.
263945ba3153SMarcel Telka
2640489eee58SDan McDonald# From Ganbold Tsagaankhuu (2017-02-09):
2641489eee58SDan McDonald# Mongolian Government meeting has concluded today to cancel daylight
2642489eee58SDan McDonald# saving time adoption in Mongolia.  Source: http://zasag.mn/news/view/16192
2643489eee58SDan McDonald
26448e22b25cSYuri PankovRule	Mongol	1985	1998	-	Mar	lastSun	0:00	1:00	-
264545ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Mongol	1984	1998	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
264645ba3153SMarcel Telka# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST.
26478e22b25cSYuri PankovRule	Mongol	2001	only	-	Apr	lastSat	2:00	1:00	-
264845ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Mongol	2001	2006	-	Sep	lastSat	2:00	0	-
26498e22b25cSYuri PankovRule	Mongol	2002	2006	-	Mar	lastSat	2:00	1:00	-
26508e22b25cSYuri PankovRule	Mongol	2015	2016	-	Mar	lastSat	2:00	1:00	-
2651489eee58SDan McDonaldRule	Mongol	2015	2016	-	Sep	lastSat	0:00	0	-
265245ba3153SMarcel Telka
2653*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
265445ba3153SMarcel Telka# Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta
265545ba3153SMarcel TelkaZone	Asia/Hovd	6:06:36 -	LMT	1905 Aug
2656489eee58SDan McDonald			6:00	-	+06	1978
2657489eee58SDan McDonald			7:00	Mongol	+07/+08
265845ba3153SMarcel Telka# Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga
265945ba3153SMarcel TelkaZone	Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 -	LMT	1905 Aug
2660489eee58SDan McDonald			7:00	-	+07	1978
2661489eee58SDan McDonald			8:00	Mongol	+08/+09
266245ba3153SMarcel Telka# Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tümen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
266345ba3153SMarcel Telka# Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan
266445ba3153SMarcel TelkaZone	Asia/Choibalsan	7:38:00 -	LMT	1905 Aug
2665489eee58SDan McDonald			7:00	-	+07	1978
2666489eee58SDan McDonald			8:00	-	+08	1983 Apr
2667489eee58SDan McDonald			9:00	Mongol	+09/+10	2008 Mar 31
2668489eee58SDan McDonald			8:00	Mongol	+08/+09
266945ba3153SMarcel Telka
267045ba3153SMarcel Telka# Nepal
2671*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
267245ba3153SMarcel TelkaZone	Asia/Kathmandu	5:41:16 -	LMT	1920
2673489eee58SDan McDonald			5:30	-	+0530	1986
2674489eee58SDan McDonald			5:45	-	+0545
267545ba3153SMarcel Telka
267645ba3153SMarcel Telka# Oman
267745ba3153SMarcel Telka# See Asia/Dubai.
267845ba3153SMarcel Telka
267945ba3153SMarcel Telka# Pakistan
268045ba3153SMarcel Telka
268145ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Rives McDow (2002-03-13):
268245ba3153SMarcel Telka# I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a
268345ba3153SMarcel Telka# TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002
268445ba3153SMarcel Telka# and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002.  This is what I was
268545ba3153SMarcel Telka# told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the
268645ba3153SMarcel Telka# 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on.
268745ba3153SMarcel Telka
268845ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15):
268945ba3153SMarcel Telka# Jesper Nørgaard found this URL:
269045ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm
269145ba3153SMarcel Telka# (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to
269245ba3153SMarcel Telka# advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first
269345ba3153SMarcel Telka# Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on
269445ba3153SMarcel Telka# 15th October each year".  This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00,
269545ba3153SMarcel Telka# but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like
269645ba3153SMarcel Telka# it's not on a trial basis.  Also, the "between the first Saturday
269745ba3153SMarcel Telka# and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the
269845ba3153SMarcel Telka# transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02.
269945ba3153SMarcel Telka
270045ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09):
270145ba3153SMarcel Telka# DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05
270245ba3153SMarcel Telka# that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight.  Go with McDow for now.
270345ba3153SMarcel Telka
270445ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14):
270545ba3153SMarcel Telka# According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm
270645ba3153SMarcel Telka# there will be no DST in Pakistan this year:
270745ba3153SMarcel Telka#
270845ba3153SMarcel Telka# ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh
270945ba3153SMarcel Telka# Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous
271045ba3153SMarcel Telka# decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by
271145ba3153SMarcel Telka# one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy.
271245ba3153SMarcel Telka#
271345ba3153SMarcel Telka# The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather
271445ba3153SMarcel Telka# shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity.
271545ba3153SMarcel Telka
271645ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15):
271745ba3153SMarcel Telka#
271845ba3153SMarcel Telka# Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time
271945ba3153SMarcel Telka# on June 1, 2008 for 3 months.
272045ba3153SMarcel Telka#
272145ba3153SMarcel Telka# "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to
272245ba3153SMarcel Telka# help reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at
272345ba3153SMarcel Telka# 9pm and moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months. ...."
272445ba3153SMarcel Telka#
2725226a4d14SYuri Pankov# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html
272645ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4
272745ba3153SMarcel Telka
272845ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
272945ba3153SMarcel Telka# XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess.
273045ba3153SMarcel Telka
273145ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
273245ba3153SMarcel Telka# Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced
273345ba3153SMarcel Telka# for another 2 months - plan to return to Standard Time on October 31
273445ba3153SMarcel Telka# instead of August 31.
273545ba3153SMarcel Telka#
273645ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html
273745ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html
273845ba3153SMarcel Telka
273945ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08):
274045ba3153SMarcel Telka# Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to
274145ba3153SMarcel Telka# advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance
274245ba3153SMarcel Telka# to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in
274345ba3153SMarcel Telka# official working."
274445ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280
274545ba3153SMarcel Telka#
274645ba3153SMarcel Telka# recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to
274745ba3153SMarcel Telka# introduce DST from April 15, 2009
274845ba3153SMarcel Telka#
274945ba3153SMarcel Telka# FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan
275045ba3153SMarcel Telka# April 08, 2009
275145ba3153SMarcel Telka# Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15
275245ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1
275345ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html
275445ba3153SMarcel Telka#
275545ba3153SMarcel Telka# ....
275645ba3153SMarcel Telka# The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to
275745ba3153SMarcel Telka# advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to
275845ba3153SMarcel Telka# conserve energy"
275945ba3153SMarcel Telka
276045ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17):
276145ba3153SMarcel Telka# "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal
276245ba3153SMarcel Telka# Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the
276345ba3153SMarcel Telka# clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to
276445ba3153SMarcel Telka# this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in
276545ba3153SMarcel Telka# this regard."
276645ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168
276745ba3153SMarcel Telka
276845ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28):
276945ba3153SMarcel Telka# According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that
277045ba3153SMarcel Telka# Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from
277145ba3153SMarcel Telka# October 1, 2009.
277245ba3153SMarcel Telka#
277345ba3153SMarcel Telka# "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct"
277445ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2
277545ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm
277645ba3153SMarcel Telka#
277745ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29):
277845ba3153SMarcel Telka# Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date:
277945ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742
278045ba3153SMarcel Telka# "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1.
278145ba3153SMarcel Telka# Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on
278245ba3153SMarcel Telka# Monday."
278345ba3153SMarcel Telka#
278445ba3153SMarcel Telka# And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year:
278545ba3153SMarcel Telka# "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour
278645ba3153SMarcel Telka# on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without
278745ba3153SMarcel Telka# obtaining prior approval, the officials added."
278845ba3153SMarcel Telka#
278945ba3153SMarcel Telka# We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of
279045ba3153SMarcel Telka# Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company:
2791226a4d14SYuri Pankov# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html
279245ba3153SMarcel Telka
279345ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Christoph Göhre (2009-10-01):
279445ba3153SMarcel Telka# [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan
279545ba3153SMarcel Telka# will go back to standard time on 1st of November.
279645ba3153SMarcel Telka
279745ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-26):
279845ba3153SMarcel Telka# Steffen Thorsen wrote:
279945ba3153SMarcel Telka# > On Thursday (2010-03-25) it was announced that DST would start in
280045ba3153SMarcel Telka# > Pakistan on 2010-04-01.
280145ba3153SMarcel Telka# >
280245ba3153SMarcel Telka# > Then today, the president said that they might have to revert the
280345ba3153SMarcel Telka# > decision if it is not supported by the parliament. So at the time
280445ba3153SMarcel Telka# > being, it seems unclear if DST will be actually observed or not - but
280545ba3153SMarcel Telka# > April 1 could be a more likely date than April 15.
280645ba3153SMarcel Telka# Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final:
280745ba3153SMarcel Telka#
280845ba3153SMarcel Telka# "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks"
280945ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041
281045ba3153SMarcel Telka#
281145ba3153SMarcel Telka# "People laud PM's announcement to end DST"
281245ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2
281345ba3153SMarcel Telka
281445ba3153SMarcel Telka# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
281545ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule Pakistan	2002	only	-	Apr	Sun>=2	0:00	1:00	S
281645ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule Pakistan	2002	only	-	Oct	Sun>=2	0:00	0	-
281745ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule Pakistan	2008	only	-	Jun	1	0:00	1:00	S
281845ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule Pakistan	2008	2009	-	Nov	1	0:00	0	-
281945ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule Pakistan	2009	only	-	Apr	15	0:00	1:00	S
282045ba3153SMarcel Telka
2821*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
282245ba3153SMarcel TelkaZone	Asia/Karachi	4:28:12 -	LMT	1907
2823489eee58SDan McDonald			5:30	-	+0530	1942 Sep
2824489eee58SDan McDonald			5:30	1:00	+0630	1945 Oct 15
2825489eee58SDan McDonald			5:30	-	+0530	1951 Sep 30
2826489eee58SDan McDonald			5:00	-	+05	1971 Mar 26
282745ba3153SMarcel Telka			5:00 Pakistan	PK%sT	# Pakistan Time
282845ba3153SMarcel Telka
282945ba3153SMarcel Telka# Palestine
283045ba3153SMarcel Telka
283145ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15):
283245ba3153SMarcel Telka#
283345ba3153SMarcel Telka# From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now
283445ba3153SMarcel Telka# known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule.
283545ba3153SMarcel Telka# Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too...
283645ba3153SMarcel Telka#
283745ba3153SMarcel Telka# The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05
283845ba3153SMarcel Telka# (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no
283945ba3153SMarcel Telka# time zone was affected then).  It was never formally annexed to Egypt,
284045ba3153SMarcel Telka# though.
284145ba3153SMarcel Telka#
284245ba3153SMarcel Telka# The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally
284345ba3153SMarcel Telka# annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from
284445ba3153SMarcel Telka# the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the
284545ba3153SMarcel Telka# Trans-Jordan").  So the rules for Jordan for that time apply.  Major
284645ba3153SMarcel Telka# towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and
284745ba3153SMarcel Telka# East Jerusalem.
284845ba3153SMarcel Telka#
284945ba3153SMarcel Telka# Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except
285045ba3153SMarcel Telka# for East Jerusalem).  They were on Israel time since then; there might
285145ba3153SMarcel Telka# have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware
285245ba3153SMarcel Telka# of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer
285345ba3153SMarcel Telka# time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected).
285445ba3153SMarcel Telka#
285545ba3153SMarcel Telka# The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most
285645ba3153SMarcel Telka# towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995.  I know that in order to
285745ba3153SMarcel Telka# demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to
285845ba3153SMarcel Telka# summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't
285945ba3153SMarcel Telka# know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the
286045ba3153SMarcel Telka# Jordanian one).
286145ba3153SMarcel Telka#
286245ba3153SMarcel Telka# To summarize, the table should probably look something like that:
286345ba3153SMarcel Telka#
286445ba3153SMarcel Telka# Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996-
286545ba3153SMarcel Telka# ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------
286645ba3153SMarcel Telka# Israel      | Zion      | Zion      | Zion      | Zion
286745ba3153SMarcel Telka# West bank   | Zion      | Jordan    | Zion      | Jordan
286845ba3153SMarcel Telka# Gaza        | Zion      | Egypt     | Zion      | Jordan
286945ba3153SMarcel Telka#
287045ba3153SMarcel Telka# I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they
287145ba3153SMarcel Telka# have one).
287245ba3153SMarcel Telka
287345ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
287445ba3153SMarcel Telka# Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go
287545ba3153SMarcel Telka# with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947,
287645ba3153SMarcel Telka# and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996.
287745ba3153SMarcel Telka# We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since
287845ba3153SMarcel Telka# the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about
287945ba3153SMarcel Telka# occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
288045ba3153SMarcel Telka# However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries
288145ba3153SMarcel Telka# for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules
288245ba3153SMarcel Telka# to Palestine's rules.
288345ba3153SMarcel Telka
288445ba3153SMarcel Telka# From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time,
288545ba3153SMarcel Telka# forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg:
288645ba3153SMarcel Telka#
288745ba3153SMarcel Telka# Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time
288845ba3153SMarcel Telka# last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks
288945ba3153SMarcel Telka# one-hour forward at this time.  As a sign of independence from Israeli rule,
289045ba3153SMarcel Telka# the PA has decided to implement DST in April.
289145ba3153SMarcel Telka
289245ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
289345ba3153SMarcel Telka# Daoud Kuttab writes in Holiday havoc
289445ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html
289545ba3153SMarcel Telka# (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
289645ba3153SMarcel Telka# the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15.
289745ba3153SMarcel Telka# I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source).
289845ba3153SMarcel Telka# For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00,
289945ba3153SMarcel Telka# and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October.
290045ba3153SMarcel Telka
290145ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
290245ba3153SMarcel Telka# Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
290345ba3153SMarcel Telka
290445ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
290545ba3153SMarcel Telka# A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of
290645ba3153SMarcel Telka# the Ramadan.  Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think
290745ba3153SMarcel Telka# there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks
290845ba3153SMarcel Telka# earlier - the same goes for Jordan.
290945ba3153SMarcel Telka
291045ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
291145ba3153SMarcel Telka# I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the
291245ba3153SMarcel Telka# same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I
291345ba3153SMarcel Telka# was informed that they started DST one day after Israel.  I was not
291445ba3153SMarcel Telka# able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if
291545ba3153SMarcel Telka# Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as
291645ba3153SMarcel Telka# the West Bank.
291745ba3153SMarcel Telka
291845ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26):
291945ba3153SMarcel Telka# according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19):
292045ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5
292145ba3153SMarcel Telka# > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule
292245ba3153SMarcel Telka# > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday.  It is also time to turn
292345ba3153SMarcel Telka# > back the clocks for winter.  Friday will begin an hour late this week.
292445ba3153SMarcel Telka# I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well,
292545ba3153SMarcel Telka# because of the Ramadan.
292645ba3153SMarcel Telka
292745ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-09-18):
292845ba3153SMarcel Telka# According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the
292945ba3153SMarcel Telka# Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00.
293045ba3153SMarcel Telka
293145ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20):
293245ba3153SMarcel Telka# My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when
293345ba3153SMarcel Telka# the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit
293445ba3153SMarcel Telka# surprised if they agreed about DST.  But for now, assume they agree.
293545ba3153SMarcel Telka# For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be
293645ba3153SMarcel Telka# the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00.
293745ba3153SMarcel Telka
293845ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
293945ba3153SMarcel Telka# Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan.
294045ba3153SMarcel Telka#
294145ba3153SMarcel Telka# Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while
294245ba3153SMarcel Telka# the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008).
294345ba3153SMarcel Telka#
294445ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001
294545ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087
294645ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html
294745ba3153SMarcel Telka
294845ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26):
294945ba3153SMarcel Telka# According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian
295045ba3153SMarcel Telka# government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March
295145ba3153SMarcel Telka# 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009.
295245ba3153SMarcel Telka#
295345ba3153SMarcel Telka# (in Arabic)
295445ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850
295545ba3153SMarcel Telka#
295645ba3153SMarcel Telka# (English translation)
295745ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html
295845ba3153SMarcel Telka
295945ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31):
296045ba3153SMarcel Telka# Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to
296145ba3153SMarcel Telka# winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04.
296245ba3153SMarcel Telka#
296345ba3153SMarcel Telka# One news source:
296445ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158
296545ba3153SMarcel Telka# (Palestinian press agency, Arabic),
296645ba3153SMarcel Telka# Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah
296745ba3153SMarcel Telka# headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of
296845ba3153SMarcel Telka# 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty
296945ba3153SMarcel Telka# minutes per hour as of Friday morning."
297045ba3153SMarcel Telka#
297145ba3153SMarcel Telka# We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different
297245ba3153SMarcel Telka# end date, we will keep this page updated:
2973226a4d14SYuri Pankov# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html
297445ba3153SMarcel Telka
297545ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02):
297645ba3153SMarcel Telka# Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank.
297745ba3153SMarcel Telka#
297845ba3153SMarcel Telka# According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan
297945ba3153SMarcel Telka# to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009.
298045ba3153SMarcel Telka#
298145ba3153SMarcel Telka# "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza"
298245ba3153SMarcel Telka# (from Palestinian National Authority):
298345ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505
298445ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html
298545ba3153SMarcel Telka
298645ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19):
298745ba3153SMarcel Telka# According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March
298845ba3153SMarcel Telka# 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri
298945ba3153SMarcel Telka# (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?)
299045ba3153SMarcel Telka#
299145ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697
299245ba3153SMarcel Telka# (in Arabic)
299345ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html
299445ba3153SMarcel Telka
299545ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24):
299645ba3153SMarcel Telka# ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will
299745ba3153SMarcel Telka# start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or
299845ba3153SMarcel Telka# noon though:
299945ba3153SMarcel Telka#
300045ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178
300145ba3153SMarcel Telka# (Ma'an News Agency)
300245ba3153SMarcel Telka# "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to
300345ba3153SMarcel Telka# 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning."
300445ba3153SMarcel Telka
300545ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-08-11):
300645ba3153SMarcel Telka# According to several sources, including
300745ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795
300845ba3153SMarcel Telka# the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in
300945ba3153SMarcel Telka# Gaza and the West Bank.
301045ba3153SMarcel Telka# Some more background info:
3011226a4d14SYuri Pankov# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html
301245ba3153SMarcel Telka
301345ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-08-26):
301445ba3153SMarcel Telka# Gaza and the West Bank did go back to standard time in the beginning of
301545ba3153SMarcel Telka# August, and will now enter daylight saving time again on 2011-08-30
301645ba3153SMarcel Telka# 00:00 (so two periods of DST in 2011). The pause was because of
301745ba3153SMarcel Telka# Ramadan.
301845ba3153SMarcel Telka#
301945ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217
302045ba3153SMarcel Telka# Additional info:
3021226a4d14SYuri Pankov# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html
302245ba3153SMarcel Telka
302345ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-08-27):
302445ba3153SMarcel Telka# According to the article in The Jerusalem Post:
302545ba3153SMarcel Telka# "...Earlier this month, the Palestinian government in the West Bank decided to
302645ba3153SMarcel Telka# move to standard time for 30 days, during Ramadan. The Palestinians in the
302745ba3153SMarcel Telka# Gaza Strip accepted the change and also moved their clocks one hour back.
302845ba3153SMarcel Telka# The Hamas government said on Saturday that it won't observe summertime after
302945ba3153SMarcel Telka# the Muslim feast of Id al-Fitr, which begins on Tuesday..."
303045ba3153SMarcel Telka# ...
3031226a4d14SYuri Pankov# https://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650
303245ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html
303345ba3153SMarcel Telka# The rules for Egypt are stolen from the 'africa' file.
303445ba3153SMarcel Telka
303545ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-09-30):
303645ba3153SMarcel Telka# West Bank did end Daylight Saving Time this morning/midnight (2011-09-30
303745ba3153SMarcel Telka# 00:00).
303845ba3153SMarcel Telka# So West Bank and Gaza now have the same time again.
303945ba3153SMarcel Telka#
304045ba3153SMarcel Telka# Many sources, including:
304145ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808
304245ba3153SMarcel Telka
304345ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26):
304445ba3153SMarcel Telka# Palestinian news sources tell that both Gaza and West Bank will start DST
304545ba3153SMarcel Telka# on Friday (Thursday midnight, 2012-03-29 24:00).
304645ba3153SMarcel Telka# Some of many sources in Arabic:
304745ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638
304845ba3153SMarcel Telka#
304945ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html
305045ba3153SMarcel Telka#
305145ba3153SMarcel Telka# Our brief summary:
3052226a4d14SYuri Pankov# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html
305345ba3153SMarcel Telka
305445ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-26):
305545ba3153SMarcel Telka# The following news sources tells that Palestine will "start daylight saving
305645ba3153SMarcel Telka# time from midnight on Friday, March 29, 2013" (translated).
305745ba3153SMarcel Telka# [These are in Arabic and are for Gaza and for Ramallah, respectively.]
305845ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=154120
305945ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://safa.ps/details/news/99844/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-29-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A.html
306045ba3153SMarcel Telka
306145ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-24):
306245ba3153SMarcel Telka# The Gaza and West Bank are ending DST Thursday at midnight
306345ba3153SMarcel Telka# (2013-09-27 00:00:00) (one hour earlier than last year...).
306445ba3153SMarcel Telka# This source in English, says "that winter time will go into effect
306545ba3153SMarcel Telka# at midnight on Thursday in the West Bank and Gaza Strip":
306645ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://english.wafa.ps/index.php?action=detail&id=23246
306745ba3153SMarcel Telka# official source...:
306845ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/ar/Views/ViewDetails.aspx?pid=1252
306945ba3153SMarcel Telka
307045ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-03-03):
307145ba3153SMarcel Telka# Sources such as http://www.alquds.com/news/article/view/id/548257
3072226a4d14SYuri Pankov# and https://www.raya.ps/ar/news/890705.html say Palestine areas will
307345ba3153SMarcel Telka# start DST on 2015-03-28 00:00 which is one day later than expected.
307445ba3153SMarcel Telka#
307545ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Paul Eggert (2015-03-03):
3076226a4d14SYuri Pankov# https://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/ramallah?year=2014
307745ba3153SMarcel Telka# says that the fall 2014 transition was Oct 23 at 24:00.
307845ba3153SMarcel Telka
307945ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Hannah Kreitem (2016-03-09):
308045ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/ar/ViewDetails?ID=31728
308145ba3153SMarcel Telka# [Google translation]: "The Council also decided to start daylight
308245ba3153SMarcel Telka# saving in Palestine as of one o'clock on Saturday morning,
308345ba3153SMarcel Telka# 2016-03-26, to provide the clock 60 minutes ahead."
308445ba3153SMarcel Telka
308545ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Sharef Mustafa (2016-10-19):
308645ba3153SMarcel Telka# [T]he Palestinian cabinet decision (Mar 8th 2016) published on
308745ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/Upload/Decree/GOV_17/16032016134830.pdf
308845ba3153SMarcel Telka# states that summer time will end on Oct 29th at 01:00.
308945ba3153SMarcel Telka#
309045ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Tim Parenti (2016-10-19):
309145ba3153SMarcel Telka# Predict fall transitions on October's last Saturday at 01:00 from now on.
309245ba3153SMarcel Telka# This is consistent with the 2016 transition as well as our spring
309345ba3153SMarcel Telka# predictions.
309445ba3153SMarcel Telka#
309545ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-19):
309645ba3153SMarcel Telka# It's also consistent with predictions in the following URLs today:
3097226a4d14SYuri Pankov# https://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/gaza-strip/gaza
3098226a4d14SYuri Pankov# https://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/hebron
309945ba3153SMarcel Telka
31008e22b25cSYuri Pankov# From Sharef Mustafa (2018-03-16):
31018e22b25cSYuri Pankov# Palestine summer time will start on Mar 24th 2018 by advancing the
31028e22b25cSYuri Pankov# clock by 60 minutes as per Palestinian cabinet decision published on
31038e22b25cSYuri Pankov# the official website, though the decree did not specify the exact
31048e22b25cSYuri Pankov# time of the time shift.
31058e22b25cSYuri Pankov# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/Website/AR/NDecrees/ViewFile.ashx?ID=e7a42ab7-ee23-435a-b9c8-a4f7e81f3817
31069a0f2271SDominik Hassler
31079a0f2271SDominik Hassler# From Even Scharning (2019-03-23):
3108*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# http://pnn.ps/news/401130
3109*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# http://palweather.ps/ar/node/50136.html
31108e22b25cSYuri Pankov#
3111*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# From Sharif Mustafa (2019-03-26):
3112*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# The Palestinian cabinet announced today that the switch to DST will
3113*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# be on Fri Mar 29th 2019 by advancing the clock by 60 minutes.
3114*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# The decree signing date is Mar 12th but it was not published till today.
3115*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# The decree does not specify the exact time of switch.
3116*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# http://palestinecabinet.gov.ps/Website/AR/NDecrees/ViewFile.ashx?ID=e54e9ea1-50ee-4137-84df-0d6c78da259b
3117*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman#
3118*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# From Even Scharning (2019-04-10):
3119*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# Our source in Palestine said it happened Friday 29 at 00:00 local time....
3120*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman#
3121*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# From Paul Eggert (2019-04-10):
3122*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# For now, guess spring-ahead transitions are March's last Friday at 00:00.
31238e22b25cSYuri Pankov
312445ba3153SMarcel Telka# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
312545ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule EgyptAsia	1957	only	-	May	10	0:00	1:00	S
312645ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule EgyptAsia	1957	1958	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
312745ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule EgyptAsia	1958	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
312845ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule EgyptAsia	1959	1967	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
312945ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule EgyptAsia	1959	1965	-	Sep	30	3:00	0	-
313045ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule EgyptAsia	1966	only	-	Oct	 1	3:00	0	-
313145ba3153SMarcel Telka
313245ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule Palestine	1999	2005	-	Apr	Fri>=15	0:00	1:00	S
313345ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule Palestine	1999	2003	-	Oct	Fri>=15	0:00	0	-
313445ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule Palestine	2004	only	-	Oct	 1	1:00	0	-
313545ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule Palestine	2005	only	-	Oct	 4	2:00	0	-
313645ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule Palestine	2006	2007	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
313745ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule Palestine	2006	only	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	-
313845ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule Palestine	2007	only	-	Sep	Thu>=8	2:00	0	-
313945ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule Palestine	2008	2009	-	Mar	lastFri	0:00	1:00	S
314045ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule Palestine	2008	only	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0	-
314145ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule Palestine	2009	only	-	Sep	Fri>=1	1:00	0	-
314245ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule Palestine	2010	only	-	Mar	26	0:00	1:00	S
314345ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule Palestine	2010	only	-	Aug	11	0:00	0	-
314445ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule Palestine	2011	only	-	Apr	 1	0:01	1:00	S
314545ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule Palestine	2011	only	-	Aug	 1	0:00	0	-
314645ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule Palestine	2011	only	-	Aug	30	0:00	1:00	S
314745ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule Palestine	2011	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	-
314845ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule Palestine	2012	2014	-	Mar	lastThu	24:00	1:00	S
314945ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule Palestine	2012	only	-	Sep	21	1:00	0	-
315045ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule Palestine	2013	only	-	Sep	Fri>=21	0:00	0	-
315145ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule Palestine	2014	2015	-	Oct	Fri>=21	0:00	0	-
315245ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule Palestine	2015	only	-	Mar	lastFri	24:00	1:00	S
3153*337881e8SAndy FiddamanRule Palestine	2016	2018	-	Mar	Sat>=24	1:00	1:00	S
315445ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule Palestine	2016	max	-	Oct	lastSat	1:00	0	-
3155*337881e8SAndy FiddamanRule Palestine	2019	max	-	Mar	lastFri	0:00	1:00	S
315645ba3153SMarcel Telka
3157*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
315845ba3153SMarcel TelkaZone	Asia/Gaza	2:17:52	-	LMT	1900 Oct
3159489eee58SDan McDonald			2:00	Zion	EET/EEST 1948 May 15
316045ba3153SMarcel Telka			2:00 EgyptAsia	EE%sT	1967 Jun  5
316145ba3153SMarcel Telka			2:00	Zion	I%sT	1996
316245ba3153SMarcel Telka			2:00	Jordan	EE%sT	1999
316345ba3153SMarcel Telka			2:00 Palestine	EE%sT	2008 Aug 29  0:00
316445ba3153SMarcel Telka			2:00	-	EET	2008 Sep
316545ba3153SMarcel Telka			2:00 Palestine	EE%sT	2010
316645ba3153SMarcel Telka			2:00	-	EET	2010 Mar 27  0:01
316745ba3153SMarcel Telka			2:00 Palestine	EE%sT	2011 Aug  1
316845ba3153SMarcel Telka			2:00	-	EET	2012
316945ba3153SMarcel Telka			2:00 Palestine	EE%sT
317045ba3153SMarcel Telka
317145ba3153SMarcel TelkaZone	Asia/Hebron	2:20:23	-	LMT	1900 Oct
3172489eee58SDan McDonald			2:00	Zion	EET/EEST 1948 May 15
317345ba3153SMarcel Telka			2:00 EgyptAsia	EE%sT	1967 Jun  5
317445ba3153SMarcel Telka			2:00	Zion	I%sT	1996
317545ba3153SMarcel Telka			2:00	Jordan	EE%sT	1999
317645ba3153SMarcel Telka			2:00 Palestine	EE%sT
317745ba3153SMarcel Telka
317845ba3153SMarcel Telka# Paracel Is
317945ba3153SMarcel Telka# no information
318045ba3153SMarcel Telka
318145ba3153SMarcel Telka# Philippines
31829a0f2271SDominik Hassler
31839a0f2271SDominik Hassler# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18):
31849a0f2271SDominik Hassler# The Spanish initially used American (west-of-Greenwich) time.
31859a0f2271SDominik Hassler# It is unknown what time Manila kept when the British occupied it from
31869a0f2271SDominik Hassler# 1762-10-06 through 1764-04; for now assume it kept American time.
318745ba3153SMarcel Telka# On 1844-08-16, Narciso Clavería, governor-general of the
318845ba3153SMarcel Telka# Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to
318945ba3153SMarcel Telka# be immediately followed by 1845-01-01; see R.H. van Gent's
319045ba3153SMarcel Telka# History of the International Date Line
3191226a4d14SYuri Pankov# https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl_philippines.htm
319245ba3153SMarcel Telka# The rest of the data entries are from Shanks & Pottenger.
319345ba3153SMarcel Telka
319445ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-26):
319545ba3153SMarcel Telka# ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990:
319645ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/
319745ba3153SMarcel Telka# [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires,
319845ba3153SMarcel Telka# but no details]
319945ba3153SMarcel Telka
320045ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-14):
320145ba3153SMarcel Telka# The following source says DST may be instituted November-January and again
320245ba3153SMarcel Telka# March-June, but this is not definite.  It also says DST was last proclaimed
320345ba3153SMarcel Telka# during the Ramos administration (1992-1998); but again, no details.
320445ba3153SMarcel Telka# Carcamo D. PNoy urged to declare use of daylight saving time.
320545ba3153SMarcel Telka# Philippine Star 2014-08-05
320645ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2014/08/05/1354152/pnoy-urged-declare-use-daylight-saving-time
320745ba3153SMarcel Telka
32089b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# From Paul Goyette (2018-06-15):
32099b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# In the Philippines, there is a national law, Republic Act No. 10535
32109b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# which declares the official time here as "Philippine Standard Time".
32119b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# The act [1] even specifies use of PST as the abbreviation, although
32129b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# the FAQ provided by PAGASA [2] uses the "acronym PhST to distinguish
32139b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# it from the Pacific Standard Time (PST)."
32149b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# [1] http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2013/05/15/republic-act-no-10535/
32159b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# [2] https://www1.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/index.php/astronomy/philippine-standard-time#republic-act-10535
32169b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#
32179b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# From Paul Eggert (2018-06-19):
32189b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# I surveyed recent news reports, and my impression is that "PST" is
32199b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# more popular among reliable English-language news sources.  This is
32209b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# not just a measure of Google hit counts: it's also the sizes and
32219b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# influence of the sources.  There is no current abbreviation for DST,
32229b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# so use "PDT", the usual American style.
32239b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman
322445ba3153SMarcel Telka# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
32259b6c1413SAndy FiddamanRule	Phil	1936	only	-	Nov	1	0:00	1:00	D
32269b6c1413SAndy FiddamanRule	Phil	1937	only	-	Feb	1	0:00	0	S
32279b6c1413SAndy FiddamanRule	Phil	1954	only	-	Apr	12	0:00	1:00	D
32289b6c1413SAndy FiddamanRule	Phil	1954	only	-	Jul	1	0:00	0	S
32299b6c1413SAndy FiddamanRule	Phil	1978	only	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
32309b6c1413SAndy FiddamanRule	Phil	1978	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
3231*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
323245ba3153SMarcel TelkaZone	Asia/Manila	-15:56:00 -	LMT	1844 Dec 31
323345ba3153SMarcel Telka			8:04:00 -	LMT	1899 May 11
32349b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman			8:00	Phil	P%sT	1942 May
32359b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman			9:00	-	JST	1944 Nov
32369b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman			8:00	Phil	P%sT
323745ba3153SMarcel Telka
323845ba3153SMarcel Telka# Qatar
3239*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
324045ba3153SMarcel TelkaZone	Asia/Qatar	3:26:08 -	LMT	1920     # Al Dawhah / Doha
3241489eee58SDan McDonald			4:00	-	+04	1972 Jun
3242489eee58SDan McDonald			3:00	-	+03
324345ba3153SMarcel TelkaLink Asia/Qatar Asia/Bahrain
324445ba3153SMarcel Telka
324545ba3153SMarcel Telka# Saudi Arabia
324645ba3153SMarcel Telka#
32479b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# From Paul Eggert (2018-08-29):
324845ba3153SMarcel Telka# Time in Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arabian peninsula was not
32499b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# standardized until 1968 or so; we don't know exactly when, and possibly it
325045ba3153SMarcel Telka# has never been made official.  Richard P Hunt, in "Islam city yielding to
325145ba3153SMarcel Telka# modern times", New York Times (1961-04-09), p 20, wrote that only airlines
325245ba3153SMarcel Telka# observed standard time, and that people in Jeddah mostly observed quasi-solar
325345ba3153SMarcel Telka# time, doing so by setting their watches at sunrise to 6 o'clock (or to 12
325445ba3153SMarcel Telka# o'clock for "Arab" time).
325545ba3153SMarcel Telka#
32569b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# Timekeeping differed depending on who you were and which part of Saudi
32579b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# Arabia you were in.  In 1969, Elias Antar wrote that although a common
32589b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# practice had been to set one's watch to 12:00 (i.e., midnight) at sunset -
32599b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# which meant that the time on one side of a mountain could differ greatly from
32609b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# the time on the other side - many foreigners set their watches to 6pm
32619b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# instead, while airlines instead used UTC +03 (except in Dhahran, where they
32629b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# used UTC +04), Aramco used UTC +03 with DST, and the Trans-Arabian Pipe Line
32639b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# Company used Aramco time in eastern Saudi Arabia and airline time in western.
32649b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# (The American Military Aid Advisory Group used plain UTC.)  Antar writes,
32659b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# "A man named Higgins, so the story goes, used to run a local power
32669b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# station. One day, the whole thing became too much for Higgins and he
32679b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# assembled his staff and laid down the law. 'I've had enough of this,' he
32689b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# shrieked. 'It is now 12 o'clock Higgins Time, and from now on this station is
32699b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# going to run on Higgins Time.' And so, until last year, it did."  See:
32709b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# Antar E. Dinner at When? Saudi Aramco World, 1969 March/April. 2-3.
32719b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# http://archive.aramcoworld.com/issue/196902/dinner.at.when.htm
32729a0f2271SDominik Hassler# Also see: Antar EN. Arabian flying is confusing.
32739a0f2271SDominik Hassler# Port Angeles (WA) Evening News. 1965-03-10. page 3.
32749b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman#
327545ba3153SMarcel Telka# The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best
327645ba3153SMarcel Telka# we can do.  The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics
327745ba3153SMarcel Telka# Board (OCLC 42299995) reported that the "... Arabian Government, inaugurated
327845ba3153SMarcel Telka# a weekly Dhahran-Cairo service, via the Saudi Arabian cities of Riyadh and
327945ba3153SMarcel Telka# Jidda, on March 14, 1947".  Shanks & Pottenger guessed 1950; go with the
328045ba3153SMarcel Telka# earlier date.
328145ba3153SMarcel Telka#
328245ba3153SMarcel Telka# Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two
328345ba3153SMarcel Telka# time zones; the other zone, at UT +04, was in the far eastern part of
32849b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# the country.  Presumably this is documenting airline time.  Ignore this,
32859b6c1413SAndy Fiddaman# as it's before our 1970 cutoff.
328645ba3153SMarcel Telka#
3287*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
328845ba3153SMarcel TelkaZone	Asia/Riyadh	3:06:52 -	LMT	1947 Mar 14
3289489eee58SDan McDonald			3:00	-	+03
329045ba3153SMarcel TelkaLink Asia/Riyadh Asia/Aden	# Yemen
329145ba3153SMarcel TelkaLink Asia/Riyadh Asia/Kuwait
329245ba3153SMarcel Telka
329345ba3153SMarcel Telka# Singapore
329445ba3153SMarcel Telka# taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
329545ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html
3296*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
329745ba3153SMarcel TelkaZone	Asia/Singapore	6:55:25 -	LMT	1901 Jan  1
329845ba3153SMarcel Telka			6:55:25	-	SMT	1905 Jun  1 # Singapore M.T.
3299489eee58SDan McDonald			7:00	-	+07	1933 Jan  1
3300489eee58SDan McDonald			7:00	0:20	+0720	1936 Jan  1
3301489eee58SDan McDonald			7:20	-	+0720	1941 Sep  1
3302489eee58SDan McDonald			7:30	-	+0730	1942 Feb 16
3303489eee58SDan McDonald			9:00	-	+09	1945 Sep 12
3304489eee58SDan McDonald			7:30	-	+0730	1982 Jan  1
3305489eee58SDan McDonald			8:00	-	+08
330645ba3153SMarcel Telka
330745ba3153SMarcel Telka# Spratly Is
330845ba3153SMarcel Telka# no information
330945ba3153SMarcel Telka
331045ba3153SMarcel Telka# Sri Lanka
331145ba3153SMarcel Telka
331245ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
331345ba3153SMarcel Telka# Milne says "Madras mean time use from May 1, 1898.  Prior to this Colombo
331445ba3153SMarcel Telka# mean time, 5h. 4m. 21.9s. F., was used."  But 5:04:21.9 differs considerably
331545ba3153SMarcel Telka# from Colombo's meridian 5:19:24, so for now ignore Milne and stick with
331645ba3153SMarcel Telka# Shanks and Pottenger.
331745ba3153SMarcel Telka
331845ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
331945ba3153SMarcel Telka# "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
332045ba3153SMarcel Telka# (<http://www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html>, 1996-05-24,
332145ba3153SMarcel Telka# no longer available as of 1999-08-17)
332245ba3153SMarcel Telka# reported "the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
332345ba3153SMarcel Telka# midnight Friday (1830 GMT) 'in the light of the present power crisis'."
332445ba3153SMarcel Telka#
332545ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
332645ba3153SMarcel Telka# by Shamindra in Daily News - Hot News Section
332745ba3153SMarcel Telka# <news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net> (1996-10-26):
332845ba3153SMarcel Telka# With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996
332945ba3153SMarcel Telka# Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT.
333045ba3153SMarcel Telka
333145ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online
333245ba3153SMarcel Telka# <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13):
333345ba3153SMarcel Telka# 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes)
333445ba3153SMarcel Telka# at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006).
333545ba3153SMarcel Telka
333645ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in:
333745ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML
333845ba3153SMarcel Telka# [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply
333945ba3153SMarcel Telka# kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean
334045ba3153SMarcel Telka# Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India.
334145ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18):
334245ba3153SMarcel Telka# People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'],
334345ba3153SMarcel Telka# as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970.
334445ba3153SMarcel Telka
334545ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Sadika Sumanapala (2016-10-19):
334645ba3153SMarcel Telka# According to http://www.sltime.org (maintained by Measurement Units,
334745ba3153SMarcel Telka# Standards & Services Department, Sri Lanka) abbreviation for Sri Lanka
334845ba3153SMarcel Telka# standard time is SLST.
334945ba3153SMarcel Telka#
335045ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-18):
335145ba3153SMarcel Telka# "SLST" seems to be reasonably recent and rarely-used outside time
335245ba3153SMarcel Telka# zone nerd sources.  I searched Google News and found three uses of
335345ba3153SMarcel Telka# it in the International Business Times of India in February and
335445ba3153SMarcel Telka# March of this year when discussing cricket match times, but nothing
335545ba3153SMarcel Telka# since then (though there has been a lot of cricket) and nothing in
335645ba3153SMarcel Telka# other English-language news sources.  Our old abbreviation "LKT" is
335745ba3153SMarcel Telka# even worse.  For now, let's use a numeric abbreviation; we can
335845ba3153SMarcel Telka# switch to "SLST" if it catches on.
335945ba3153SMarcel Telka
3360*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
336145ba3153SMarcel TelkaZone	Asia/Colombo	5:19:24 -	LMT	1880
336245ba3153SMarcel Telka			5:19:32	-	MMT	1906        # Moratuwa Mean Time
336345ba3153SMarcel Telka			5:30	-	+0530	1942 Jan  5
3364489eee58SDan McDonald			5:30	0:30	+06	1942 Sep
3365489eee58SDan McDonald			5:30	1:00	+0630	1945 Oct 16  2:00
336645ba3153SMarcel Telka			5:30	-	+0530	1996 May 25  0:00
336745ba3153SMarcel Telka			6:30	-	+0630	1996 Oct 26  0:30
336845ba3153SMarcel Telka			6:00	-	+06	2006 Apr 15  0:30
336945ba3153SMarcel Telka			5:30	-	+0530
337045ba3153SMarcel Telka
337145ba3153SMarcel Telka# Syria
337245ba3153SMarcel Telka# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
337345ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Syria	1920	1923	-	Apr	Sun>=15	2:00	1:00	S
337445ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Syria	1920	1923	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00	0	-
337545ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Syria	1962	only	-	Apr	29	2:00	1:00	S
337645ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Syria	1962	only	-	Oct	1	2:00	0	-
337745ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Syria	1963	1965	-	May	1	2:00	1:00	S
337845ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Syria	1963	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	-
337945ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Syria	1964	only	-	Oct	1	2:00	0	-
338045ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Syria	1965	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	-
338145ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Syria	1966	only	-	Apr	24	2:00	1:00	S
338245ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Syria	1966	1976	-	Oct	1	2:00	0	-
338345ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Syria	1967	1978	-	May	1	2:00	1:00	S
338445ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Syria	1977	1978	-	Sep	1	2:00	0	-
338545ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Syria	1983	1984	-	Apr	9	2:00	1:00	S
338645ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Syria	1983	1984	-	Oct	1	2:00	0	-
338745ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Syria	1986	only	-	Feb	16	2:00	1:00	S
338845ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Syria	1986	only	-	Oct	9	2:00	0	-
338945ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Syria	1987	only	-	Mar	1	2:00	1:00	S
339045ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Syria	1987	1988	-	Oct	31	2:00	0	-
339145ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Syria	1988	only	-	Mar	15	2:00	1:00	S
339245ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Syria	1989	only	-	Mar	31	2:00	1:00	S
339345ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Syria	1989	only	-	Oct	1	2:00	0	-
339445ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Syria	1990	only	-	Apr	1	2:00	1:00	S
339545ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Syria	1990	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	-
339645ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Syria	1991	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
339745ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Syria	1991	1992	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
339845ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Syria	1992	only	-	Apr	 8	0:00	1:00	S
339945ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Syria	1993	only	-	Mar	26	0:00	1:00	S
340045ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Syria	1993	only	-	Sep	25	0:00	0	-
340145ba3153SMarcel Telka# IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02;
340245ba3153SMarcel Telka# (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02,
340345ba3153SMarcel Telka# 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31;
340445ba3153SMarcel Telka# (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22;
340545ba3153SMarcel Telka# for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger,
340645ba3153SMarcel Telka# except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan).
340745ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Syria	1994	1996	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
340845ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Syria	1994	2005	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
340945ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Syria	1997	1998	-	Mar	lastMon	0:00	1:00	S
341045ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Syria	1999	2006	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
341145ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18):
341245ba3153SMarcel Telka# According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC]
341345ba3153SMarcel Telka# this year [only]....  This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt.
341445ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Syria	2006	only	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	-
341545ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
341645ba3153SMarcel Telka# Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday."
341745ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php
341845ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Syria	2007	only	-	Mar	lastFri	0:00	1:00	S
341945ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Jesper Nørgaard (2007-10-27):
342045ba3153SMarcel Telka# The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will
342145ba3153SMarcel Telka# not take place 1st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1st November at 24:00 or
342245ba3153SMarcel Telka# rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sense than
342345ba3153SMarcel Telka# having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the
342445ba3153SMarcel Telka# weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now
342545ba3153SMarcel Telka# it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend...
342645ba3153SMarcel Telka#
342745ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27):
342845ba3153SMarcel Telka# Jesper Nørgaard Welen wrote:
342945ba3153SMarcel Telka#
343045ba3153SMarcel Telka# > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1
343145ba3153SMarcel Telka# > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour."
343245ba3153SMarcel Telka#
343345ba3153SMarcel Telka# I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic):
343445ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247
343545ba3153SMarcel Telka#
343645ba3153SMarcel Telka# which using Google's translate tools says:
343745ba3153SMarcel Telka# Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on
343845ba3153SMarcel Telka# identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th
343945ba3153SMarcel Telka# minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007.
344045ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Syria	2007	only	-	Nov	 Fri>=1	0:00	0	-
344145ba3153SMarcel Telka
344245ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17):
344345ba3153SMarcel Telka# For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for
344445ba3153SMarcel Telka# this month (March 2008) in the last day or so....
344545ba3153SMarcel Telka# Country     Time Standard   --- DST Start ---   --- DST End ---  DST
344645ba3153SMarcel Telka# Name        Zone Variation   Time    Date        Time    Date
344745ba3153SMarcel Telka# Variation
344845ba3153SMarcel Telka# Syrian Arab
344945ba3153SMarcel Telka# Republic    SY    +0200      2200  03APR08       2100  30SEP08   +0300
345045ba3153SMarcel Telka#                              2200  02APR09       2100  30SEP09   +0300
345145ba3153SMarcel Telka#                              2200  01APR10       2100  30SEP10   +0300
345245ba3153SMarcel Telka
345345ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17):
345445ba3153SMarcel Telka# Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News
345545ba3153SMarcel Telka# Agency (SANA)...
345645ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm
345745ba3153SMarcel Telka# ...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the
345845ba3153SMarcel Telka# Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April
345945ba3153SMarcel Telka# 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd."
346045ba3153SMarcel Telka# Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times
346145ba3153SMarcel Telka# shown above match up with midnight in Syria.
346245ba3153SMarcel Telka
346345ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
346445ba3153SMarcel Telka# My best guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1";
346545ba3153SMarcel Telka# coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone
346645ba3153SMarcel Telka# compilers can't handle  or having multiple Rules (a la Israel).
346745ba3153SMarcel Telka# For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end.
346845ba3153SMarcel Telka
346945ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07):
347045ba3153SMarcel Telka# Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year,
347145ba3153SMarcel Telka# according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA).
347245ba3153SMarcel Telka#
347345ba3153SMarcel Telka# The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to
347445ba3153SMarcel Telka# winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting
347545ba3153SMarcel Telka# clocks back 60 minutes).
347645ba3153SMarcel Telka#
347745ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm
347845ba3153SMarcel Telka
347945ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19):
348045ba3153SMarcel Telka# Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources,
348145ba3153SMarcel Telka# two examples:
348245ba3153SMarcel Telka#
348345ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm
348445ba3153SMarcel Telka# (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency)
348545ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209
348645ba3153SMarcel Telka# (Arabic, gov-site)
348745ba3153SMarcel Telka#
348845ba3153SMarcel Telka# We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year.
348945ba3153SMarcel Telka#
349045ba3153SMarcel Telka# Our summary
3491226a4d14SYuri Pankov# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html
349245ba3153SMarcel Telka
349345ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27):
349445ba3153SMarcel Telka# The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will
349545ba3153SMarcel Telka# revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday
349645ba3153SMarcel Telka# 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30:
349745ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic)
349845ba3153SMarcel Telka
349945ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
350045ba3153SMarcel Telka# We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last
350145ba3153SMarcel Telka# Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or
350245ba3153SMarcel Telka# something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday.
350345ba3153SMarcel Telka
350445ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-17):
350545ba3153SMarcel Telka# The "Syrian News Station" reported on 2010-03-16 that the Council of
350645ba3153SMarcel Telka# Ministers has decided that Syria will start DST on midnight Thursday
350745ba3153SMarcel Telka# 2010-04-01: (midnight between Thursday and Friday):
350845ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421 (Arabic)
350945ba3153SMarcel Telka
351045ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26):
351145ba3153SMarcel Telka# Today, Syria's government announced that they will start DST early on Friday
351245ba3153SMarcel Telka# (00:00). This is a bit earlier than the past two years.
351345ba3153SMarcel Telka#
351445ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Syrian Arab News Agency, in Arabic:
351545ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm
351645ba3153SMarcel Telka#
351745ba3153SMarcel Telka# Our brief summary:
3518226a4d14SYuri Pankov# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html
351945ba3153SMarcel Telka
352045ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27):
352145ba3153SMarcel Telka# Assume last Friday in March going forward XXX.
352245ba3153SMarcel Telka
352345ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Syria	2008	only	-	Apr	Fri>=1	0:00	1:00	S
352445ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Syria	2008	only	-	Nov	1	0:00	0	-
352545ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Syria	2009	only	-	Mar	lastFri	0:00	1:00	S
352645ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Syria	2010	2011	-	Apr	Fri>=1	0:00	1:00	S
352745ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Syria	2012	max	-	Mar	lastFri	0:00	1:00	S
352845ba3153SMarcel TelkaRule	Syria	2009	max	-	Oct	lastFri	0:00	0	-
352945ba3153SMarcel Telka
3530*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
353145ba3153SMarcel TelkaZone	Asia/Damascus	2:25:12 -	LMT	1920 # Dimashq
353245ba3153SMarcel Telka			2:00	Syria	EE%sT
353345ba3153SMarcel Telka
353445ba3153SMarcel Telka# Tajikistan
353545ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Shanks & Pottenger.
3536*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
353745ba3153SMarcel TelkaZone	Asia/Dushanbe	4:35:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
353845ba3153SMarcel Telka			5:00	-	+05	1930 Jun 21
353945ba3153SMarcel Telka			6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
354045ba3153SMarcel Telka			5:00	1:00	+05/+06	1991 Sep  9  2:00s
354145ba3153SMarcel Telka			5:00	-	+05
354245ba3153SMarcel Telka
354345ba3153SMarcel Telka# Thailand
3544*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
354545ba3153SMarcel TelkaZone	Asia/Bangkok	6:42:04	-	LMT	1880
354645ba3153SMarcel Telka			6:42:04	-	BMT	1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
3547489eee58SDan McDonald			7:00	-	+07
354845ba3153SMarcel TelkaLink Asia/Bangkok Asia/Phnom_Penh	# Cambodia
354945ba3153SMarcel TelkaLink Asia/Bangkok Asia/Vientiane	# Laos
355045ba3153SMarcel Telka
355145ba3153SMarcel Telka# Turkmenistan
355245ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Shanks & Pottenger.
3553*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
355445ba3153SMarcel TelkaZone	Asia/Ashgabat	3:53:32 -	LMT	1924 May  2 # or Ashkhabad
355545ba3153SMarcel Telka			4:00	-	+04	1930 Jun 21
355645ba3153SMarcel Telka			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1991 Mar 31  2:00
355745ba3153SMarcel Telka			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	1992 Jan 19  2:00
355845ba3153SMarcel Telka			5:00	-	+05
355945ba3153SMarcel Telka
356045ba3153SMarcel Telka# United Arab Emirates
3561*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
356245ba3153SMarcel TelkaZone	Asia/Dubai	3:41:12 -	LMT	1920
3563489eee58SDan McDonald			4:00	-	+04
356445ba3153SMarcel TelkaLink Asia/Dubai Asia/Muscat	# Oman
356545ba3153SMarcel Telka
356645ba3153SMarcel Telka# Uzbekistan
356745ba3153SMarcel Telka# Byalokoz 1919 says Uzbekistan was 4:27:53.
3568*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
356945ba3153SMarcel TelkaZone	Asia/Samarkand	4:27:53 -	LMT	1924 May  2
357045ba3153SMarcel Telka			4:00	-	+04	1930 Jun 21
357145ba3153SMarcel Telka			5:00	-	+05	1981 Apr  1
357245ba3153SMarcel Telka			5:00	1:00	+06	1981 Oct  1
357345ba3153SMarcel Telka			6:00	-	+06	1982 Apr  1
357445ba3153SMarcel Telka			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1992
357545ba3153SMarcel Telka			5:00	-	+05
357645ba3153SMarcel Telka# Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8; round to nearest.
357745ba3153SMarcel TelkaZone	Asia/Tashkent	4:37:11 -	LMT	1924 May  2
357845ba3153SMarcel Telka			5:00	-	+05	1930 Jun 21
357945ba3153SMarcel Telka			6:00 RussiaAsia	+06/+07	1991 Mar 31  2:00
358045ba3153SMarcel Telka			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1992
358145ba3153SMarcel Telka			5:00	-	+05
358245ba3153SMarcel Telka
358345ba3153SMarcel Telka# Vietnam
358445ba3153SMarcel Telka
358545ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-04):
358645ba3153SMarcel Telka# Milne gives 7:16:56 for the meridian of Saigon in 1899, as being
358745ba3153SMarcel Telka# used in Lower Laos, Cambodia, and Annam.  But this is quite a ways
358845ba3153SMarcel Telka# from Saigon's location.  For now, ignore this and stick with Shanks
358945ba3153SMarcel Telka# and Pottenger for LMT before 1906.
359045ba3153SMarcel Telka
359145ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
359245ba3153SMarcel Telka# The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Minh
359345ba3153SMarcel Telka# City"; use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters.
359445ba3153SMarcel Telka
359545ba3153SMarcel Telka# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-21) after a heads-up from Trần Ngọc Quân:
359645ba3153SMarcel Telka# Trần Tiến Bình's authoritative book "Lịch Việt Nam: thế kỷ XX-XXI (1901-2100)"
359745ba3153SMarcel Telka# (Nhà xuất bản Văn Hoá - Thông Tin, Hanoi, 2005), pp 49-50,
359845ba3153SMarcel Telka# is quoted verbatim in:
359945ba3153SMarcel Telka# http://www.thoigian.com.vn/?mPage=P80D01
360045ba3153SMarcel Telka# is translated by Brian Inglis in:
3601226a4d14SYuri Pankov# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021654.html
360245ba3153SMarcel Telka# and is the basis for the information below.
360345ba3153SMarcel Telka#
360445ba3153SMarcel Telka# The 1906 transition was effective July 1 and standardized Indochina to
36058e22b25cSYuri Pankov# Phù Liễn Observatory, legally 104° 17' 17" east of Paris.
360645ba3153SMarcel Telka# It's unclear whether this meant legal Paris Mean Time (00:09:21) or
36078e22b25cSYuri Pankov# the Paris Meridian (2° 20' 14.03" E); the former yields 07:06:30.1333...
360845ba3153SMarcel Telka# and the latter 07:06:29.333... so either way it rounds to 07:06:30,
360945ba3153SMarcel Telka# which is used below even though the modern-day Phù Liễn Observatory
361045ba3153SMarcel Telka# is closer to 07:06:31.  Abbreviate Phù Liễn Mean Time as PLMT.
361145ba3153SMarcel Telka#
361245ba3153SMarcel Telka# The following transitions occurred in Indochina in general (before 1954)
361345ba3153SMarcel Telka# and in South Vietnam in particular (after 1954):
361445ba3153SMarcel Telka# To 07:00 on 1911-05-01.
361545ba3153SMarcel Telka# To 08:00 on 1942-12-31 at 23:00.
3616*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# To 09:00 on 1945-03-14 at 23:00.
361745ba3153SMarcel Telka# To 07:00 on 1945-09-02 in Vietnam.
361845ba3153SMarcel Telka# To 08:00 on 1947-04-01 in French-controlled Indochina.
361945ba3153SMarcel Telka# To 07:00 on 1955-07-01 in South Vietnam.
362045ba3153SMarcel Telka# To 08:00 on 1959-12-31 at 23:00 in South Vietnam.
362145ba3153SMarcel Telka# To 07:00 on 1975-06-13 in South Vietnam.
362245ba3153SMarcel Telka#
362345ba3153SMarcel Telka# Trần cites the following sources; it's unclear which supplied the info above.
362445ba3153SMarcel Telka#
362545ba3153SMarcel Telka# Hoàng Xuân Hãn: "Lịch và lịch Việt Nam". Tập san Khoa học Xã hội,
362645ba3153SMarcel Telka# No. 9, Paris, February 1982.
362745ba3153SMarcel Telka#
362845ba3153SMarcel Telka# Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch và niên biểu lịch sử hai mươi thế kỷ (0001-2010)",
362945ba3153SMarcel Telka# NXB Thống kê, Hanoi, 2000.
363045ba3153SMarcel Telka#
363145ba3153SMarcel Telka# Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch hai thế kỷ (1802-2010) và các lịch vĩnh cửu",
363245ba3153SMarcel Telka# NXB Thuận Hoá, Huế, 1995.
363345ba3153SMarcel Telka
3634*337881e8SAndy Fiddaman# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
363545ba3153SMarcel TelkaZone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh	7:06:40 -	LMT	1906 Jul  1
3636489eee58SDan McDonald			7:06:30	-	PLMT	1911 May  1 # Phù Liễn MT
3637489eee58SDan McDonald			7:00	-	+07	1942 Dec 31 23:00
3638489eee58SDan McDonald			8:00	-	+08	1945 Mar 14 23:00
3639489eee58SDan McDonald			9:00	-	+09	1945 Sep  2
3640489eee58SDan McDonald			7:00	-	+07	1947 Apr  1
3641489eee58SDan McDonald			8:00	-	+08	1955 Jul  1
3642489eee58SDan McDonald			7:00	-	+07	1959 Dec 31 23:00
3643489eee58SDan McDonald			8:00	-	+08	1975 Jun 13
3644489eee58SDan McDonald			7:00	-	+07
364545ba3153SMarcel Telka
36469a0f2271SDominik Hassler# From Paul Eggert (2019-02-19):
36479a0f2271SDominik Hassler#
36489a0f2271SDominik Hassler# The Ho Chi Minh entry suffices for most purposes as it agrees with all of
36499a0f2271SDominik Hassler# Vietnam since 1975-06-13.  Presumably clocks often changed in south Vietnam
36509a0f2271SDominik Hassler# in the early 1970s as locations changed hands during the war; however the
36519a0f2271SDominik Hassler# details are unknown and would likely be too voluminous for this database.
36529a0f2271SDominik Hassler#
36539a0f2271SDominik Hassler# For timestamps in north Vietnam back to 1970 (the tzdb cutoff),
36549a0f2271SDominik Hassler# use Asia/Bangkok; see the VN entries in the file zone1970.tab.
36559a0f2271SDominik Hassler# For timestamps before 1970, see Asia/Hanoi in the file 'backzone'.
36569a0f2271SDominik Hassler
36579a0f2271SDominik Hassler
365845ba3153SMarcel Telka# Yemen
365945ba3153SMarcel Telka# See Asia/Riyadh.
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