xref: /titanic_44/usr/src/cmd/ls/ls.c (revision b7f45089ccbe01bab3d7c7377b49d80d2ae18a69)
1 /*
2  * CDDL HEADER START
3  *
4  * The contents of this file are subject to the terms of the
5  * Common Development and Distribution License, Version 1.0 only
6  * (the "License").  You may not use this file except in compliance
7  * with the License.
8  *
9  * You can obtain a copy of the license at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE
10  * or http://www.opensolaris.org/os/licensing.
11  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions
12  * and limitations under the License.
13  *
14  * When distributing Covered Code, include this CDDL HEADER in each
15  * file and include the License file at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE.
16  * If applicable, add the following below this CDDL HEADER, with the
17  * fields enclosed by brackets "[]" replaced with your own identifying
18  * information: Portions Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner]
19  *
20  * CDDL HEADER END
21  */
22 /*
23  * Copyright 2005 Sun Microsystems, Inc.  All rights reserved.
24  * Use is subject to license terms.
25  */
26 
27 /*	Copyright (c) 1984, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989 AT&T	*/
28 /*	  All Rights Reserved  	*/
29 
30 /*	Copyright (c) 1987, 1988 Microsoft Corporation	*/
31 /*	  All Rights Reserved	*/
32 
33 #pragma ident	"%Z%%M%	%I%	%E% SMI"
34 
35 /*
36  * List files or directories
37  */
38 
39 #include <sys/param.h>
40 #include <sys/types.h>
41 #include <sys/mkdev.h>
42 #include <sys/stat.h>
43 #include <sys/acl.h>
44 
45 #include <wchar.h>
46 #include <stdio.h>
47 #include <ctype.h>
48 #include <dirent.h>
49 #include <string.h>
50 #include <locale.h>
51 #include <curses.h>
52 #include <termios.h>
53 #include <stdlib.h>
54 #include <widec.h>
55 #include <locale.h>
56 #include <wctype.h>
57 #include <pwd.h>
58 #include <grp.h>
59 #include <limits.h>
60 #include <fcntl.h>
61 #include <unistd.h>
62 #include <libgen.h>
63 #include <errno.h>
64 #include <libcmdutils.h>
65 
66 #ifndef STANDALONE
67 #define	TERMINFO
68 #endif
69 
70 /*
71  * -DNOTERMINFO can be defined on the cc command line to prevent
72  * the use of terminfo.  This should be done on systems not having
73  * the terminfo feature(pre 6.0 sytems ?).
74  * As a result, columnar listings assume 80 columns for output,
75  * unless told otherwise via the COLUMNS environment variable.
76  */
77 #ifdef NOTERMINFO
78 #undef TERMINFO
79 #endif
80 
81 #include <term.h>
82 
83 #define	BFSIZE	16
84 /* this bit equals 1 in lflags of structure lbuf if *namep is to be used */
85 #define	ISARG	0100000
86 
87 /*
88  * this flag has been added to manipulate the display of S instead of 'l' when
89  * the file is not a regular file and when group execution bit is off
90  */
91 #define	LS_NOTREG	010000
92 
93 
94 /*
95  * Date and time formats
96  *
97  * b --- abbreviated month name
98  * e --- day number
99  * Y --- year in the form ccyy
100  * H --- hour(24-hour version)
101  * M --- minute
102  * F --- yyyy-mm-dd
103  * T --- hh:mm:ss
104  * z --- time zone as hours displacement from UTC
105  * note that %F and %z are from the ISO C99 standard and are
106  * not present in older C libraries
107  */
108 #define	FORMAT1	 " %b %e  %Y "
109 #define	FORMAT2  " %b %e %H:%M "
110 #define	FORMAT3  " %b %e %T %Y "
111 #define	FORMAT4  " %%F %%T.%.09ld %%z "
112 
113 #undef BUFSIZ
114 #define	BUFSIZ 4096
115 #define	NUMBER_WIDTH 40
116 #define	FMTSIZE 50
117 
118 struct ditem {
119 	dev_t	dev;			/* directory items device number */
120 	ino_t	ino;			/* directory items inode number */
121 	struct ditem *parent;		/* dir items ptr to its parent's info */
122 };
123 
124 struct	lbuf	{
125 	union	{
126 		char	lname[MAXNAMLEN]; /* used for filename in a directory */
127 		char	*namep;		/* for name in ls-command; */
128 	} ln;
129 	char	ltype;		/* filetype */
130 	ino_t	lnum;		/* inode number of file */
131 	mode_t	lflags; 	/* 0777 bits used as r,w,x permissions */
132 	nlink_t	lnl;		/* number of links to file */
133 	uid_t	luid;
134 	gid_t	lgid;
135 	off_t	lsize;		/* filesize or major/minor dev numbers */
136 	blkcnt_t	lblocks;	/* number of file blocks */
137 	timestruc_t	lmtime;
138 	char	*flinkto;	/* symbolic link contents */
139 	char 	acl;		/* indicate there are additional acl entries */
140 	int	cycle;		/* cycle detected flag */
141 	struct ditem *ancinfo;	/* maintains ancestor info */
142 };
143 
144 struct dchain {
145 	char *dc_name;		/* path name */
146 	int cycle_detected;	/* cycle detected visiting this directory */
147 	struct ditem *myancinfo;	/* this directory's ancestry info */
148 	struct dchain *dc_next;	/* next directory in the chain */
149 };
150 
151 /*
152  * A numbuf_t is used when converting a number to a string representation
153  */
154 typedef char numbuf_t[NUMBER_WIDTH];
155 
156 static struct dchain *dfirst;	/* start of the dir chain */
157 static struct dchain *cdfirst;	/* start of the current dir chain */
158 static struct dchain *dtemp;	/* temporary - used for linking */
159 static char *curdir;		/* the current directory */
160 
161 static int	first = 1;	/* true if first line is not yet printed */
162 static int	nfiles = 0;	/* number of flist entries in current use */
163 static int	nargs = 0;	/* number of flist entries used for arguments */
164 static int	maxfils = 0;	/* number of flist/lbuf entries allocated */
165 static int	maxn = 0;	/* number of flist entries with lbufs asigned */
166 static int	quantn = 64;	/* allocation growth quantum */
167 
168 static struct lbuf	*nxtlbf;	/* ptr to next lbuf to be assigned */
169 static struct lbuf	**flist;	/* ptr to list of lbuf pointers */
170 static struct lbuf	*gstat(char *, int, struct ditem *);
171 static char		*getname(uid_t);
172 static char		*getgroup(gid_t);
173 static char		*makename(char *, char *);
174 static void		pentry(struct lbuf *);
175 static void		column(void);
176 static void		pmode(mode_t aflag);
177 static void		selection(int *);
178 static void		new_line(void);
179 static void		rddir(char *, struct ditem *);
180 static int		strcol(unsigned char *);
181 static void		pem(struct lbuf **, struct lbuf **, int);
182 static void		pdirectory(char *, int, int, int, struct ditem *);
183 static struct cachenode *findincache(struct cachenode **, long);
184 static void		csi_pprintf(unsigned char *);
185 static void		pprintf(char *, char *);
186 static int		compar(struct lbuf **pp1, struct lbuf **pp2);
187 static char 		*number_to_scaled_string(numbuf_t buf,
188 			    unsigned long long number,
189 			    long scale);
190 static void		record_ancestry(char *, struct stat *, struct lbuf *,
191 			    int, struct ditem *);
192 
193 static int		aflg;
194 static int		atflg;
195 static int		bflg;
196 static int		cflg;
197 static int		dflg;
198 static int		eflg;
199 static int		fflg;
200 static int		gflg;
201 static int		hflg;
202 static int		iflg;
203 static int		lflg;
204 static int		mflg;
205 static int		nflg;
206 static int		oflg;
207 static int		pflg;
208 static int		qflg;
209 static int		rflg = 1; /* init to 1 for special use in compar */
210 static int		sflg;
211 static int		tflg;
212 static int		uflg;
213 static int		xflg;
214 static int		Aflg;
215 static int		Cflg;
216 static int		Eflg;
217 static int		Fflg;
218 static int		Hflg;
219 static int		Lflg;
220 static int		Rflg;
221 static int		Sflg;
222 static long		hscale;
223 static mode_t		flags;
224 static int		err = 0;	/* Contains return code */
225 
226 static uid_t		lastuid	= (uid_t)-1;
227 static gid_t		lastgid = (gid_t)-1;
228 static char		*lastuname = NULL;
229 static char		*lastgname = NULL;
230 
231 /* statreq > 0 if any of sflg, (n)lflg, tflg, Sflg are on */
232 static int		statreq;
233 
234 static char		*dotp = ".";
235 
236 static u_longlong_t 	tblocks; /* number of blocks of files in a directory */
237 static time_t		year, now;
238 
239 static int		num_cols = 80;
240 static int		colwidth;
241 static int		filewidth;
242 static int		fixedwidth;
243 static int		nomocore;
244 static int		curcol;
245 
246 static struct	winsize	win;
247 
248 static char	time_buf[50];	/* array to hold day and time */
249 
250 #define	NOTWORKINGDIR(d, l)	(((l) < 2) || \
251 				    (strcmp((d) + (l) - 2, "/.") != 0))
252 
253 #define	NOTPARENTDIR(d, l)	(((l) < 3) || \
254 				    (strcmp((d) + (l) - 3, "/..") != 0))
255 
256 int
257 main(int argc, char *argv[])
258 {
259 	int		c;
260 	int		i;
261 	int		width;
262 	int		amino = 0;
263 	int		opterr = 0;
264 	struct lbuf	*ep;
265 	struct lbuf	lb;
266 	struct ditem	*myinfo;
267 
268 	(void) setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
269 #if !defined(TEXT_DOMAIN)	/* Should be defined by cc -D */
270 #define	TEXT_DOMAIN "SYS_TEST"	/* Use this only if it weren't */
271 #endif
272 	(void) textdomain(TEXT_DOMAIN);
273 #ifdef STANDALONE
274 	if (argv[0][0] == '\0')
275 		argc = getargv("ls", &argv, 0);
276 #endif
277 
278 	lb.lmtime.tv_sec = time(NULL);
279 	lb.lmtime.tv_nsec = 0;
280 	year = lb.lmtime.tv_sec - 6L*30L*24L*60L*60L; /* 6 months ago */
281 	now = lb.lmtime.tv_sec + 60;
282 	if (isatty(1)) {
283 		Cflg = 1;
284 		mflg = 0;
285 	}
286 
287 
288 	while ((c = getopt(argc, argv,
289 	    "aAbcCdeEfFghHilLmnopqrRsStux1@")) != EOF)
290 		switch (c) {
291 		case 'a':
292 			aflg++;
293 			continue;
294 		case 'A':
295 			Aflg++;
296 			continue;
297 		case 'b':
298 			bflg = 1;
299 			qflg = 0;
300 			continue;
301 		case 'c':
302 			uflg = 0;
303 			cflg++;
304 			continue;
305 		case 'C':
306 			Cflg = 1;
307 			mflg = 0;
308 #ifdef XPG4
309 			lflg = 0;
310 #endif
311 			continue;
312 		case 'd':
313 			dflg++;
314 			continue;
315 		case 'e':
316 			eflg++;
317 			lflg++;
318 			statreq++;
319 			Eflg = 0;
320 			continue;
321 		case 'E':
322 			Eflg++;
323 			lflg++;
324 			statreq++;
325 			eflg = 0;
326 			continue;
327 		case 'f':
328 			fflg++;
329 			continue;
330 		case 'F':
331 			Fflg++;
332 			statreq++;
333 			continue;
334 		case 'g':
335 			gflg++;
336 			lflg++;
337 			statreq++;
338 			continue;
339 		case 'h':
340 			hflg++;
341 			hscale = 1024;
342 			continue;
343 		case 'H':
344 			Hflg++;
345 			/* -H and -L are mutually exclusive */
346 			Lflg = 0;
347 			continue;
348 		case 'i':
349 			iflg++;
350 			continue;
351 		case 'l':
352 			lflg++;
353 			statreq++;
354 			Cflg = 0;
355 			xflg = 0;
356 			mflg = 0;
357 			atflg = 0;
358 			continue;
359 		case 'L':
360 			Lflg++;
361 			/* -H and -L are mutually exclusive */
362 			Hflg = 0;
363 			continue;
364 		case 'm':
365 			Cflg = 0;
366 			mflg = 1;
367 #ifdef XPG4
368 			lflg = 0;
369 #endif
370 			continue;
371 		case 'n':
372 			nflg++;
373 			lflg++;
374 			statreq++;
375 			Cflg = 0;
376 			xflg = 0;
377 			mflg = 0;
378 			atflg = 0;
379 			continue;
380 		case 'o':
381 			oflg++;
382 			lflg++;
383 			statreq++;
384 			continue;
385 		case 'p':
386 			pflg++;
387 			statreq++;
388 			continue;
389 		case 'q':
390 			qflg = 1;
391 			bflg = 0;
392 			continue;
393 		case 'r':
394 			rflg = -1;
395 			continue;
396 		case 'R':
397 			Rflg++;
398 			statreq++;
399 			continue;
400 		case 's':
401 			sflg++;
402 			statreq++;
403 			continue;
404 		case 'S':
405 			tflg = 0;
406 			Sflg++;
407 			statreq++;
408 			continue;
409 		case 't':
410 			Sflg = 0;
411 			tflg++;
412 			statreq++;
413 			continue;
414 		case 'u':
415 			cflg = 0;
416 			uflg++;
417 			continue;
418 		case 'x':
419 			xflg = 1;
420 			Cflg = 1;
421 			mflg = 0;
422 #ifdef XPG4
423 			lflg = 0;
424 #endif
425 			continue;
426 		case '1':
427 			Cflg = 0;
428 			continue;
429 		case '@':
430 #if !defined(XPG4)
431 			/*
432 			 * -l has precedence over -@
433 			 */
434 			if (lflg)
435 				continue;
436 #endif
437 			atflg++;
438 			lflg++;
439 			statreq++;
440 			Cflg = 0;
441 			xflg = 0;
442 			mflg = 0;
443 			continue;
444 		case '?':
445 			opterr++;
446 			continue;
447 		}
448 	if (opterr) {
449 		(void) fprintf(stderr, gettext(
450 		    "usage: ls -aAbcCdeEfFghHilLmnopqrRsStux1@ [files]\n"));
451 		exit(2);
452 	}
453 
454 	if (fflg) {
455 		aflg++;
456 		lflg = 0;
457 		sflg = 0;
458 		tflg = 0;
459 		Sflg = 0;
460 		statreq = 0;
461 	}
462 
463 	fixedwidth = 2;
464 	if (pflg || Fflg)
465 		fixedwidth++;
466 	if (iflg)
467 		fixedwidth += 11;
468 	if (sflg)
469 		fixedwidth += 5;
470 
471 	if (lflg) {
472 		if (!gflg && !oflg)
473 			gflg = oflg = 1;
474 		else
475 		if (gflg && oflg)
476 			gflg = oflg = 0;
477 		Cflg = mflg = 0;
478 	}
479 
480 	if (Cflg || mflg) {
481 		char *clptr;
482 		if ((clptr = getenv("COLUMNS")) != NULL)
483 			num_cols = atoi(clptr);
484 #ifdef TERMINFO
485 		else {
486 			if (ioctl(1, TIOCGWINSZ, &win) != -1)
487 				num_cols = (win.ws_col == 0 ? 80 : win.ws_col);
488 		}
489 #endif
490 		if (num_cols < 20 || num_cols > 1000)
491 			/* assume it is an error */
492 			num_cols = 80;
493 	}
494 
495 	/* allocate space for flist and the associated	*/
496 	/* data structures (lbufs)			*/
497 	maxfils = quantn;
498 	if (((flist = malloc(maxfils * sizeof (struct lbuf *))) == NULL) ||
499 	    ((nxtlbf = malloc(quantn * sizeof (struct lbuf))) == NULL)) {
500 		perror("ls");
501 		exit(2);
502 	}
503 	if ((amino = (argc-optind)) == 0) {
504 					/*
505 					 * case when no names are given
506 					 * in ls-command and current
507 					 * directory is to be used
508 					 */
509 		argv[optind] = dotp;
510 	}
511 
512 	for (i = 0; i < (amino ? amino : 1); i++) {
513 
514 		/*
515 		 * If we are recursing, we need to make sure we don't
516 		 * get into an endless loop.  To keep track of the inodes
517 		 * (actually, just the directories) visited, we
518 		 * maintain a directory ancestry list for a file
519 		 * hierarchy.  As we go deeper into the hierarchy,
520 		 * a parent directory passes its directory list
521 		 * info (device id, inode number, and a pointer to
522 		 * its parent) to each of its children.  As we
523 		 * process a child that is a directory, we save
524 		 * its own personal directory list info.  We then
525 		 * check to see if the child has already been
526 		 * processed by comparing its device id and inode
527 		 * number from its own personal directory list info
528 		 * to that of each of its ancestors.  If there is a
529 		 * match, then we know we've detected a cycle.
530 		 */
531 		if (Rflg) {
532 			/*
533 			 * This is the first parent in this lineage
534 			 * (first in a directory hierarchy), so
535 			 * this parent's parent doesn't exist.  We
536 			 * only initialize myinfo when we are
537 			 * recursing, otherwise it's not used.
538 			 */
539 			if ((myinfo = (struct ditem *)malloc(
540 			    sizeof (struct ditem))) == NULL) {
541 				perror("ls");
542 				exit(2);
543 			} else {
544 				myinfo->dev = 0;
545 				myinfo->ino = 0;
546 				myinfo->parent = NULL;
547 			}
548 		}
549 
550 		if (Cflg || mflg) {
551 			width = strcol((unsigned char *)argv[optind]);
552 			if (width > filewidth)
553 				filewidth = width;
554 		}
555 		if ((ep = gstat((*argv[optind] ? argv[optind] : dotp),
556 		    1, myinfo)) == NULL) {
557 			if (nomocore)
558 				exit(2);
559 			err = 2;
560 			optind++;
561 			continue;
562 		}
563 		ep->ln.namep = (*argv[optind] ? argv[optind] : dotp);
564 		ep->lflags |= ISARG;
565 		optind++;
566 		nargs++;	/* count good arguments stored in flist */
567 	}
568 	colwidth = fixedwidth + filewidth;
569 	qsort(flist, (unsigned)nargs, sizeof (struct lbuf *),
570 	    (int (*)(const void *, const void *))compar);
571 	for (i = 0; i < nargs; i++) {
572 		if (flist[i]->ltype == 'd' && dflg == 0 || fflg)
573 			break;
574 	}
575 	pem(&flist[0], &flist[i], 0);
576 	for (; i < nargs; i++) {
577 		pdirectory(flist[i]->ln.namep, Rflg ||
578 		    (amino > 1), nargs, 0, flist[i]->ancinfo);
579 		if (nomocore)
580 			exit(2);
581 		/* -R: print subdirectories found */
582 		while (dfirst || cdfirst) {
583 			/* Place direct subdirs on front in right order */
584 			while (cdfirst) {
585 				/* reverse cdfirst onto front of dfirst */
586 				dtemp = cdfirst;
587 				cdfirst = cdfirst -> dc_next;
588 				dtemp -> dc_next = dfirst;
589 				dfirst = dtemp;
590 			}
591 			/* take off first dir on dfirst & print it */
592 			dtemp = dfirst;
593 			dfirst = dfirst->dc_next;
594 			pdirectory(dtemp->dc_name, 1, nargs,
595 			    dtemp->cycle_detected, dtemp->myancinfo);
596 			if (nomocore)
597 				exit(2);
598 			free(dtemp->dc_name);
599 			free(dtemp);
600 		}
601 	}
602 	return (err);
603 }
604 
605 /*
606  * pdirectory: print the directory name, labelling it if title is
607  * nonzero, using lp as the place to start reading in the dir.
608  */
609 static void
610 pdirectory(char *name, int title, int lp, int cdetect, struct ditem *myinfo)
611 {
612 	struct dchain *dp;
613 	struct lbuf *ap;
614 	char *pname;
615 	int j;
616 
617 	filewidth = 0;
618 	curdir = name;
619 	if (title) {
620 		if (!first)
621 			(void) putc('\n', stdout);
622 		pprintf(name, ":");
623 		new_line();
624 	}
625 	/*
626 	 * If there was a cycle detected, then notify and don't report
627 	 * further.
628 	 */
629 	if (cdetect) {
630 		if (lflg || sflg) {
631 			curcol += printf(gettext("total %d"), 0);
632 			new_line();
633 		}
634 		(void) fprintf(stderr, gettext(
635 		    "ls: cycle detected for %s\n"), name);
636 		return;
637 	}
638 
639 	nfiles = lp;
640 	rddir(name, myinfo);
641 	if (nomocore)
642 		return;
643 	if (fflg == 0)
644 		qsort(&flist[lp], (unsigned)(nfiles - lp),
645 		    sizeof (struct lbuf *),
646 		    (int (*)(const void *, const void *))compar);
647 	if (Rflg) {
648 		for (j = nfiles - 1; j >= lp; j--) {
649 			ap = flist[j];
650 			if (ap->ltype == 'd' && strcmp(ap->ln.lname, ".") &&
651 			    strcmp(ap->ln.lname, "..")) {
652 				dp = malloc(sizeof (struct dchain));
653 				if (dp == NULL) {
654 					perror("ls");
655 					exit(2);
656 				}
657 				pname = makename(curdir, ap->ln.lname);
658 				if ((dp->dc_name = strdup(pname)) == NULL) {
659 					perror("ls");
660 					exit(2);
661 				}
662 				dp->cycle_detected = ap->cycle;
663 				dp->myancinfo = ap->ancinfo;
664 				dp->dc_next = dfirst;
665 				dfirst = dp;
666 			}
667 		}
668 	}
669 	if (lflg || sflg) {
670 		curcol += printf(gettext("total %llu"), tblocks);
671 		new_line();
672 	}
673 	pem(&flist[lp], &flist[nfiles], lflg||sflg);
674 }
675 
676 /*
677  * pem: print 'em. Print a list of files (e.g. a directory) bounded
678  * by slp and lp.
679  */
680 static void
681 pem(struct lbuf **slp, struct lbuf **lp, int tot_flag)
682 {
683 	long row, nrows, i;
684 	int col, ncols;
685 	struct lbuf **ep;
686 
687 	if (Cflg || mflg) {
688 		if (colwidth > num_cols) {
689 			ncols = 1;
690 		} else {
691 			ncols = num_cols / colwidth;
692 		}
693 	}
694 
695 	if (ncols == 1 || mflg || xflg || !Cflg) {
696 		for (ep = slp; ep < lp; ep++)
697 			pentry(*ep);
698 		new_line();
699 		return;
700 	}
701 	/* otherwise print -C columns */
702 	if (tot_flag) {
703 		slp--;
704 		row = 1;
705 	}
706 	else
707 		row = 0;
708 
709 	nrows = (lp - slp - 1) / ncols + 1;
710 	for (i = 0; i < nrows; i++, row++) {
711 		for (col = 0; col < ncols; col++) {
712 			ep = slp + (nrows * col) + row;
713 			if (ep < lp)
714 				pentry(*ep);
715 		}
716 		new_line();
717 	}
718 }
719 
720 /*
721  * print one output entry;
722  * if uid/gid is not found in the appropriate
723  * file(passwd/group), then print uid/gid instead of
724  * user/group name;
725  */
726 static void
727 pentry(struct lbuf *ap)
728 {
729 	struct lbuf *p;
730 	numbuf_t hbuf;
731 	char buf[BUFSIZ];
732 	char fmt_buf[FMTSIZE];
733 	char *dmark = "";	/* Used if -p or -F option active */
734 	char *cp;
735 
736 	p = ap;
737 	column();
738 	if (iflg)
739 		if (mflg && !lflg)
740 			curcol += printf("%llu ", (long long)p->lnum);
741 		else
742 			curcol += printf("%10llu ", (long long)p->lnum);
743 	if (sflg)
744 		curcol += printf((mflg && !lflg) ? "%lld " :
745 			(p->lblocks < 10000) ? "%4lld " : "%lld ",
746 			(p->ltype != 'b' && p->ltype != 'c') ?
747 				p->lblocks : 0LL);
748 	if (lflg) {
749 		(void) putchar(p->ltype);
750 		curcol++;
751 		pmode(p->lflags);
752 
753 		/* ACL: additional access mode flag */
754 		(void) putchar(p->acl);
755 		curcol++;
756 
757 		curcol += printf("%3lu ", (ulong_t)p->lnl);
758 		if (oflg)
759 			if (!nflg) {
760 				cp = getname(p->luid);
761 				curcol += printf("%-8s ", cp);
762 			} else
763 				curcol += printf("%-8lu ", (ulong_t)p->luid);
764 		if (gflg)
765 			if (!nflg) {
766 				cp = getgroup(p->lgid);
767 				curcol += printf("%-8s ", cp);
768 			} else
769 				curcol += printf("%-8lu ", (ulong_t)p->lgid);
770 		if (p->ltype == 'b' || p->ltype == 'c') {
771 			curcol += printf("%3u, %2u",
772 			    (uint_t)major((dev_t)p->lsize),
773 			    (uint_t)minor((dev_t)p->lsize));
774 		} else if (hflg && (p->lsize >= hscale)) {
775 			curcol += printf("%7s",
776 			    number_to_scaled_string(hbuf, p->lsize, hscale));
777 		} else {
778 			curcol += printf((p->lsize < (off_t)10000000) ?
779 			    "%7lld" : "%lld", p->lsize);
780 		}
781 		if (eflg) {
782 			(void) strftime(time_buf, sizeof (time_buf),
783 			    dcgettext(NULL, FORMAT3, LC_TIME),
784 			    localtime(&p->lmtime.tv_sec));
785 		} else if (Eflg) {
786 			/* fill in nanoseconds first */
787 			(void) snprintf(fmt_buf, sizeof (fmt_buf),
788 			    FORMAT4, p->lmtime.tv_nsec);
789 			(void) strftime(time_buf, sizeof (time_buf),
790 			    fmt_buf, localtime(&p->lmtime.tv_sec));
791 		} else {
792 			if ((p->lmtime.tv_sec < year) ||
793 			    (p->lmtime.tv_sec > now)) {
794 				(void) strftime(time_buf, sizeof (time_buf),
795 				    dcgettext(NULL, FORMAT1, LC_TIME),
796 				    localtime(&p->lmtime.tv_sec));
797 			} else {
798 				(void) strftime(time_buf, sizeof (time_buf),
799 				    dcgettext(NULL, FORMAT2, LC_TIME),
800 				    localtime(&p->lmtime.tv_sec));
801 			}
802 		}
803 		curcol += printf("%s", time_buf);
804 	}
805 
806 	/*
807 	 * prevent both "->" and trailing marks
808 	 * from appearing
809 	 */
810 
811 	if (pflg && p->ltype == 'd')
812 		dmark = "/";
813 
814 	if (Fflg && !(lflg && p->flinkto)) {
815 		if (p->ltype == 'd')
816 			dmark = "/";
817 		else if (p->ltype == 'D')
818 			dmark = ">";
819 		else if (p->ltype == 'p')
820 			dmark = "|";
821 		else if (p->ltype == 'l')
822 			dmark = "@";
823 		else if (p->ltype == 's')
824 			dmark = "=";
825 		else if (p->lflags & (S_IXUSR|S_IXGRP|S_IXOTH))
826 			dmark = "*";
827 		else
828 			dmark = "";
829 	}
830 
831 	if (lflg && p->flinkto) {
832 		(void) strncpy(buf, " -> ", 4);
833 		(void) strcpy(buf + 4, p->flinkto);
834 		dmark = buf;
835 	}
836 
837 	if (p->lflags & ISARG) {
838 		if (qflg || bflg)
839 			pprintf(p->ln.namep, dmark);
840 		else {
841 			(void) printf("%s%s", p->ln.namep, dmark);
842 			curcol += strcol((unsigned char *)p->ln.namep);
843 			curcol += strcol((unsigned char *)dmark);
844 		}
845 	} else {
846 		if (qflg || bflg)
847 			pprintf(p->ln.lname, dmark);
848 		else {
849 			(void) printf("%s%s", p->ln.lname, dmark);
850 			curcol += strcol((unsigned char *)p->ln.lname);
851 			curcol += strcol((unsigned char *)dmark);
852 		}
853 	}
854 }
855 
856 /* print various r,w,x permissions */
857 static void
858 pmode(mode_t aflag)
859 {
860 	/* these arrays are declared static to allow initializations */
861 	static int	m0[] = { 1, S_IRUSR, 'r', '-' };
862 	static int	m1[] = { 1, S_IWUSR, 'w', '-' };
863 	static int	m2[] = { 3, S_ISUID|S_IXUSR, 's', S_IXUSR,
864 	    'x', S_ISUID, 'S', '-' };
865 	static int	m3[] = { 1, S_IRGRP, 'r', '-' };
866 	static int	m4[] = { 1, S_IWGRP, 'w', '-' };
867 	static int	m5[] = { 4, S_ISGID|S_IXGRP, 's', S_IXGRP,
868 				'x', S_ISGID|LS_NOTREG, 'S',
869 #ifdef XPG4
870 		S_ISGID, 'L', '-'};
871 #else
872 		S_ISGID, 'l', '-'};
873 #endif
874 	static int	m6[] = { 1, S_IROTH, 'r', '-' };
875 	static int	m7[] = { 1, S_IWOTH, 'w', '-' };
876 	static int	m8[] = { 3, S_ISVTX|S_IXOTH, 't', S_IXOTH,
877 	    'x', S_ISVTX, 'T', '-'};
878 
879 	static int *m[] = { m0, m1, m2, m3, m4, m5, m6, m7, m8};
880 
881 	int **mp;
882 
883 	flags = aflag;
884 	for (mp = &m[0]; mp < &m[sizeof (m) / sizeof (m[0])]; mp++)
885 		selection(*mp);
886 }
887 
888 static void
889 selection(int *pairp)
890 {
891 	int n;
892 
893 	n = *pairp++;
894 	while (n-->0) {
895 		if ((flags & *pairp) == *pairp) {
896 			pairp++;
897 			break;
898 		} else {
899 			pairp += 2;
900 		}
901 	}
902 	(void) putchar(*pairp);
903 	curcol++;
904 }
905 
906 /*
907  * column: get to the beginning of the next column.
908  */
909 static void
910 column(void)
911 {
912 	if (curcol == 0)
913 		return;
914 	if (mflg) {
915 		(void) putc(',', stdout);
916 		curcol++;
917 		if (curcol + colwidth + 2 > num_cols) {
918 			(void) putc('\n', stdout);
919 			curcol = 0;
920 			return;
921 		}
922 		(void) putc(' ', stdout);
923 		curcol++;
924 		return;
925 	}
926 	if (Cflg == 0) {
927 		(void) putc('\n', stdout);
928 		curcol = 0;
929 		return;
930 	}
931 	if ((curcol / colwidth + 2) * colwidth > num_cols) {
932 		(void) putc('\n', stdout);
933 		curcol = 0;
934 		return;
935 	}
936 	do {
937 		(void) putc(' ', stdout);
938 		curcol++;
939 	} while (curcol % colwidth);
940 }
941 
942 static void
943 new_line(void)
944 {
945 	if (curcol) {
946 		first = 0;
947 		(void) putc('\n', stdout);
948 		curcol = 0;
949 	}
950 }
951 
952 /*
953  * read each filename in directory dir and store its
954  * status in flist[nfiles]
955  * use makename() to form pathname dir/filename;
956  */
957 static void
958 rddir(char *dir, struct ditem *myinfo)
959 {
960 	struct dirent *dentry;
961 	DIR *dirf;
962 	int j;
963 	struct lbuf *ep;
964 	int width;
965 
966 	if ((dirf = opendir(dir)) == NULL) {
967 		(void) fflush(stdout);
968 		perror(dir);
969 		err = 2;
970 		return;
971 	} else {
972 		tblocks = 0;
973 		for (;;) {
974 			errno = 0;
975 			if ((dentry = readdir(dirf)) == NULL)
976 				break;
977 			if (aflg == 0 && dentry->d_name[0] == '.' &&
978 			    (Aflg == 0 ||
979 			    dentry->d_name[1] == '\0' ||
980 			    dentry->d_name[1] == '.' &&
981 			    dentry->d_name[2] == '\0'))
982 				/*
983 				 * check for directory items '.', '..',
984 				 *  and items without valid inode-number;
985 				 */
986 				continue;
987 
988 			if (Cflg || mflg) {
989 				width = strcol((unsigned char *)dentry->d_name);
990 				if (width > filewidth)
991 					filewidth = width;
992 			}
993 			ep = gstat(makename(dir, dentry->d_name), 0, myinfo);
994 			if (ep == NULL) {
995 				if (nomocore)
996 					return;
997 				continue;
998 			} else {
999 				ep->lnum = dentry->d_ino;
1000 				for (j = 0; dentry->d_name[j] != '\0'; j++)
1001 					ep->ln.lname[j] = dentry->d_name[j];
1002 				ep->ln.lname[j] = '\0';
1003 			}
1004 		}
1005 		if (errno) {
1006 			int sav_errno = errno;
1007 
1008 			(void) fprintf(stderr,
1009 			    gettext("ls: error reading directory %s: %s\n"),
1010 			    dir, strerror(sav_errno));
1011 		}
1012 		(void) closedir(dirf);
1013 		colwidth = fixedwidth + filewidth;
1014 	}
1015 }
1016 
1017 /*
1018  * Attaching a link to an inode's ancestors.  Search
1019  * through the ancestors to check for cycles (an inode which
1020  * we have already tracked in this inodes ancestry).  If a cycle
1021  * is detected, set the exit code and record the fact so that
1022  * it is reported at the right time when printing the directory.
1023  * In addition, set the exit code.  Note:  If the -a flag was
1024  * specified, we don't want to check for cycles for directories
1025  * ending in '/.' or '/..' unless they were specified on the
1026  * command line.
1027  */
1028 static void
1029 record_ancestry(char *file, struct stat *pstatb, struct lbuf *rep,
1030     int argfl, struct ditem *myparent)
1031 {
1032 	size_t		file_len;
1033 	struct ditem	*myinfo;
1034 	struct ditem	*tptr;
1035 
1036 	file_len = strlen(file);
1037 	if (!aflg || argfl || (NOTWORKINGDIR(file, file_len) &&
1038 	    NOTPARENTDIR(file, file_len))) {
1039 		/*
1040 		 * Add this inode's ancestry
1041 		 * info and insert it into the
1042 		 * ancestry list by pointing
1043 		 * back to its parent.  We save
1044 		 * it (in rep) with the other info
1045 		 * we're gathering for this inode.
1046 		 */
1047 		if ((myinfo = malloc(
1048 		    sizeof (struct ditem))) == NULL) {
1049 			perror("ls");
1050 			exit(2);
1051 		}
1052 		myinfo->dev = pstatb->st_dev;
1053 		myinfo->ino = pstatb->st_ino;
1054 		myinfo->parent = myparent;
1055 		rep->ancinfo = myinfo;
1056 
1057 		/*
1058 		 * If this node has the same device id and
1059 		 * inode number of one of its ancestors,
1060 		 * then we've detected a cycle.
1061 		 */
1062 		if (myparent != NULL) {
1063 			for (tptr = myparent; tptr->parent != NULL;
1064 			    tptr = tptr->parent) {
1065 				if ((tptr->dev == pstatb->st_dev) &&
1066 				    (tptr->ino == pstatb->st_ino)) {
1067 					/*
1068 					 * Cycle detected for this
1069 					 * directory.  Record the fact
1070 					 * it is a cycle so we don't
1071 					 * try to process this
1072 					 * directory as we are
1073 					 * walking through the
1074 					 * list of directories.
1075 					 */
1076 					rep->cycle = 1;
1077 					err = 2;
1078 					break;
1079 				}
1080 			}
1081 		}
1082 	}
1083 }
1084 
1085 /*
1086  * get status of file and recomputes tblocks;
1087  * argfl = 1 if file is a name in ls-command and = 0
1088  * for filename in a directory whose name is an
1089  * argument in the command;
1090  * stores a pointer in flist[nfiles] and
1091  * returns that pointer;
1092  * returns NULL if failed;
1093  */
1094 static struct lbuf *
1095 gstat(char *file, int argfl, struct ditem *myparent)
1096 {
1097 	struct stat statb, statb1;
1098 	struct lbuf *rep;
1099 	char buf[BUFSIZ];
1100 	ssize_t cc;
1101 	int (*statf)() = ((Lflg) || (Hflg && argfl)) ? stat : lstat;
1102 	int aclcnt;
1103 	aclent_t *aclp;
1104 	aclent_t *tp;
1105 	o_mode_t groupperm, mask;
1106 	int grouppermfound, maskfound;
1107 
1108 	if (nomocore)
1109 		return (NULL);
1110 
1111 	if (nfiles >= maxfils) {
1112 		/*
1113 		 * all flist/lbuf pair assigned files, time to get some
1114 		 * more space
1115 		 */
1116 		maxfils += quantn;
1117 		if (((flist = realloc(flist,
1118 		    maxfils * sizeof (struct lbuf *))) == NULL) ||
1119 		    ((nxtlbf = malloc(quantn *
1120 		    sizeof (struct lbuf))) == NULL)) {
1121 			perror("ls");
1122 			nomocore = 1;
1123 			return (NULL);
1124 		}
1125 	}
1126 
1127 	/*
1128 	 * nfiles is reset to nargs for each directory
1129 	 * that is given as an argument maxn is checked
1130 	 * to prevent the assignment of an lbuf to a flist entry
1131 	 * that already has one assigned.
1132 	 */
1133 	if (nfiles >= maxn) {
1134 		rep = nxtlbf++;
1135 		flist[nfiles++] = rep;
1136 		maxn = nfiles;
1137 	} else {
1138 		rep = flist[nfiles++];
1139 	}
1140 	rep->lflags = (mode_t)0;
1141 	rep->flinkto = NULL;
1142 	rep->cycle = 0;
1143 	if (argfl || statreq) {
1144 		int doacl;
1145 
1146 		if (lflg)
1147 			doacl = 1;
1148 		else
1149 			doacl = 0;
1150 		if ((*statf)(file, &statb) < 0) {
1151 			if (argfl || errno != ENOENT ||
1152 			    (Lflg && lstat(file, &statb) == 0)) {
1153 				/*
1154 				 * Avoid race between readdir and lstat.
1155 				 * Print error message in case of dangling link.
1156 				 */
1157 				perror(file);
1158 			}
1159 			nfiles--;
1160 			return (NULL);
1161 		}
1162 
1163 		/*
1164 		 * If -H was specified, and the file linked to was
1165 		 * not a directory, then we need to get the info
1166 		 * for the symlink itself.
1167 		 */
1168 		if ((Hflg) && (argfl) &&
1169 		    ((statb.st_mode & S_IFMT) != S_IFDIR)) {
1170 			if (lstat(file, &statb) < 0) {
1171 				perror(file);
1172 			}
1173 		}
1174 
1175 		rep->lnum = statb.st_ino;
1176 		rep->lsize = statb.st_size;
1177 		rep->lblocks = statb.st_blocks;
1178 		switch (statb.st_mode & S_IFMT) {
1179 		case S_IFDIR:
1180 			rep->ltype = 'd';
1181 			if (Rflg) {
1182 				record_ancestry(file, &statb, rep,
1183 				    argfl, myparent);
1184 			}
1185 			break;
1186 		case S_IFBLK:
1187 			rep->ltype = 'b';
1188 			rep->lsize = (off_t)statb.st_rdev;
1189 			break;
1190 		case S_IFCHR:
1191 			rep->ltype = 'c';
1192 			rep->lsize = (off_t)statb.st_rdev;
1193 			break;
1194 		case S_IFIFO:
1195 			rep->ltype = 'p';
1196 			break;
1197 		case S_IFSOCK:
1198 			rep->ltype = 's';
1199 			rep->lsize = 0;
1200 			break;
1201 		case S_IFLNK:
1202 			/* symbolic links may not have ACLs, so elide acl() */
1203 			if ((Lflg == 0) || (Hflg == 0) ||
1204 			    ((Hflg) && (!argfl))) {
1205 				doacl = 0;
1206 			}
1207 			rep->ltype = 'l';
1208 			if (lflg) {
1209 				cc = readlink(file, buf, BUFSIZ);
1210 				if (cc >= 0) {
1211 
1212 					/*
1213 					 * follow the symbolic link
1214 					 * to generate the appropriate
1215 					 * Fflg marker for the object
1216 					 * eg, /bin -> /sym/bin/
1217 					 */
1218 					if ((Fflg || pflg) &&
1219 					    (stat(file, &statb1) >= 0)) {
1220 						switch (statb1.st_mode &
1221 						    S_IFMT) {
1222 						case S_IFDIR:
1223 							buf[cc++] = '/';
1224 							break;
1225 						case S_IFSOCK:
1226 							buf[cc++] = '=';
1227 							break;
1228 						default:
1229 							if ((statb1.st_mode &
1230 							    ~S_IFMT) &
1231 							    (S_IXUSR|S_IXGRP|
1232 							    S_IXOTH))
1233 								buf[cc++] = '*';
1234 							break;
1235 						}
1236 					}
1237 					buf[cc] = '\0';
1238 					rep->flinkto = strdup(buf);
1239 				}
1240 				break;
1241 			}
1242 
1243 			/*
1244 			 * ls /sym behaves differently from ls /sym/
1245 			 * when /sym is a symbolic link. This is fixed
1246 			 * when explicit arguments are specified.
1247 			 */
1248 
1249 #ifdef XPG6
1250 			/* Do not follow a symlink when -F is specified */
1251 			if ((!argfl) || (argfl && Fflg) ||
1252 			    (stat(file, &statb1) < 0))
1253 #else
1254 			/* Follow a symlink when -F is specified */
1255 			if (!argfl || stat(file, &statb1) < 0)
1256 #endif /* XPG6 */
1257 				break;
1258 			if ((statb1.st_mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFDIR) {
1259 				statb = statb1;
1260 				rep->ltype = 'd';
1261 				rep->lsize = statb1.st_size;
1262 				if (Rflg) {
1263 					record_ancestry(file, &statb, rep,
1264 					    argfl, myparent);
1265 				}
1266 			}
1267 			break;
1268 		case S_IFDOOR:
1269 			rep->ltype = 'D';
1270 			break;
1271 		case S_IFREG:
1272 			rep->ltype = '-';
1273 			break;
1274 		case S_IFPORT:
1275 			rep->ltype = 'P';
1276 			break;
1277 		default:
1278 			rep->ltype = '?';
1279 			break;
1280 		}
1281 		rep->lflags = statb.st_mode & ~S_IFMT;
1282 
1283 		if (!S_ISREG(statb.st_mode))
1284 			rep->lflags |= LS_NOTREG;
1285 
1286 		/* ACL: check acl entries count */
1287 		if (doacl) {
1288 			rep->acl = ' ';
1289 			if ((aclcnt = acl(file, GETACLCNT, 0, NULL)) >
1290 			    MIN_ACL_ENTRIES) {
1291 
1292 				/* this file has a non-trivial acl */
1293 
1294 				rep->acl = '+';
1295 
1296 				/*
1297 				 * For files with non-trivial acls, the
1298 				 * effective group permissions are the
1299 				 * intersection of the GROUP_OBJ value and
1300 				 * the CLASS_OBJ (acl mask) value. Determine
1301 				 * both the GROUP_OBJ and CLASS_OBJ for this
1302 				 * file and insert the logical AND of those
1303 				 * two values in the group permissions field
1304 				 * of the lflags value for this file.
1305 				 */
1306 
1307 				if ((aclp = (aclent_t *)malloc(
1308 				    (sizeof (aclent_t)) * aclcnt)) == NULL) {
1309 					perror("ls");
1310 					exit(2);
1311 				}
1312 
1313 				if (acl(file, GETACL, aclcnt, aclp) < 0) {
1314 					free(aclp);
1315 					(void) fprintf(stderr, "ls: ");
1316 					perror(file);
1317 					nfiles--;
1318 					err = 2;
1319 					return (NULL);
1320 				}
1321 
1322 				/*
1323 				 * Until found in acl list, assume maximum
1324 				 * permissions for both group and mask.  (Just
1325 				 * in case the acl lacks either value for
1326 				 * some reason.)
1327 				 */
1328 				groupperm = 07;
1329 				mask = 07;
1330 				grouppermfound = 0;
1331 				maskfound = 0;
1332 				for (tp = aclp; aclcnt--; tp++) {
1333 					if (tp->a_type == GROUP_OBJ) {
1334 						groupperm = tp->a_perm;
1335 						grouppermfound = 1;
1336 						continue;
1337 					}
1338 					if (tp->a_type == CLASS_OBJ) {
1339 						mask = tp->a_perm;
1340 						maskfound = 1;
1341 					}
1342 					if (grouppermfound && maskfound)
1343 						break;
1344 				}
1345 
1346 				free(aclp);
1347 
1348 				/* reset all the group bits */
1349 				rep->lflags &= ~S_IRWXG;
1350 
1351 				/*
1352 				 * Now set them to the logical AND of the
1353 				 * GROUP_OBJ permissions and the acl mask.
1354 				 */
1355 
1356 				rep->lflags |= (groupperm & mask) << 3;
1357 			}
1358 
1359 			if (atflg && pathconf(file, _PC_XATTR_EXISTS) == 1)
1360 				rep->acl = '@';
1361 		} else
1362 			rep->acl = ' ';
1363 
1364 		/* mask ISARG and other file-type bits */
1365 
1366 		rep->luid = statb.st_uid;
1367 		rep->lgid = statb.st_gid;
1368 		rep->lnl = statb.st_nlink;
1369 		if (uflg)
1370 			rep->lmtime = statb.st_atim;
1371 		else if (cflg)
1372 			rep->lmtime = statb.st_ctim;
1373 		else
1374 			rep->lmtime = statb.st_mtim;
1375 
1376 		if (rep->ltype != 'b' && rep->ltype != 'c')
1377 			tblocks += rep->lblocks;
1378 	}
1379 	return (rep);
1380 }
1381 
1382 /*
1383  * returns pathname of the form dir/file;
1384  * dir and file are null-terminated strings.
1385  */
1386 static char *
1387 makename(char *dir, char *file)
1388 {
1389 	/*
1390 	 * PATH_MAX is the maximum length of a path name.
1391 	 * MAXNAMLEN is the maximum length of any path name component.
1392 	 * Allocate space for both, plus the '/' in the middle
1393 	 * and the null character at the end.
1394 	 * dfile is static as this is returned by makename().
1395 	 */
1396 	static char dfile[PATH_MAX + 1 + MAXNAMLEN + 1];
1397 	char *dp, *fp;
1398 
1399 	dp = dfile;
1400 	fp = dir;
1401 	while (*fp)
1402 		*dp++ = *fp++;
1403 	if (dp > dfile && *(dp - 1) != '/')
1404 		*dp++ = '/';
1405 	fp = file;
1406 	while (*fp)
1407 		*dp++ = *fp++;
1408 	*dp = '\0';
1409 	return (dfile);
1410 }
1411 
1412 
1413 #include <pwd.h>
1414 #include <grp.h>
1415 #include <utmpx.h>
1416 
1417 struct	utmpx utmp;
1418 
1419 #define	NMAX	(sizeof (utmp.ut_name))
1420 #define	SCPYN(a, b)	(void) strncpy(a, b, NMAX)
1421 
1422 
1423 struct cachenode {		/* this struct must be zeroed before using */
1424 	struct cachenode *lesschild;	/* subtree whose entries < val */
1425 	struct cachenode *grtrchild;	/* subtree whose entries > val */
1426 	long val;			/* the uid or gid of this entry */
1427 	int initted;			/* name has been filled in */
1428 	char name[NMAX+1];		/* the string that val maps to */
1429 };
1430 static struct cachenode *names, *groups;
1431 
1432 static struct cachenode *
1433 findincache(struct cachenode **head, long val)
1434 {
1435 	struct cachenode **parent = head;
1436 	struct cachenode *c = *parent;
1437 
1438 	while (c != NULL) {
1439 		if (val == c->val) {
1440 			/* found it */
1441 			return (c);
1442 		} else if (val < c->val) {
1443 			parent = &c->lesschild;
1444 			c = c->lesschild;
1445 		} else {
1446 			parent = &c->grtrchild;
1447 			c = c->grtrchild;
1448 		}
1449 	}
1450 
1451 	/* not in the cache, make a new entry for it */
1452 	c = calloc(1, sizeof (struct cachenode));
1453 	if (c == NULL) {
1454 		perror("ls");
1455 		exit(2);
1456 	}
1457 	*parent = c;
1458 	c->val = val;
1459 	return (c);
1460 }
1461 
1462 /*
1463  * get name from cache, or passwd file for a given uid;
1464  * lastuid is set to uid.
1465  */
1466 static char *
1467 getname(uid_t uid)
1468 {
1469 	struct passwd *pwent;
1470 	struct cachenode *c;
1471 
1472 	if ((uid == lastuid) && lastuname)
1473 		return (lastuname);
1474 
1475 	c = findincache(&names, uid);
1476 	if (c->initted == 0) {
1477 		if ((pwent = getpwuid(uid)) != NULL) {
1478 			SCPYN(&c->name[0], pwent->pw_name);
1479 		} else {
1480 			(void) sprintf(&c->name[0], "%-8u", (int)uid);
1481 		}
1482 		c->initted = 1;
1483 	}
1484 	lastuid = uid;
1485 	lastuname = &c->name[0];
1486 	return (lastuname);
1487 }
1488 
1489 /*
1490  * get name from cache, or group file for a given gid;
1491  * lastgid is set to gid.
1492  */
1493 static char *
1494 getgroup(gid_t gid)
1495 {
1496 	struct group *grent;
1497 	struct cachenode *c;
1498 
1499 	if ((gid == lastgid) && lastgname)
1500 		return (lastgname);
1501 
1502 	c = findincache(&groups, gid);
1503 	if (c->initted == 0) {
1504 		if ((grent = getgrgid(gid)) != NULL) {
1505 			SCPYN(&c->name[0], grent->gr_name);
1506 		} else {
1507 			(void) sprintf(&c->name[0], "%-8u", (int)gid);
1508 		}
1509 		c->initted = 1;
1510 	}
1511 	lastgid = gid;
1512 	lastgname = &c->name[0];
1513 	return (lastgname);
1514 }
1515 
1516 /* return >0 if item pointed by pp2 should appear first */
1517 static int
1518 compar(struct lbuf **pp1, struct lbuf **pp2)
1519 {
1520 	struct lbuf *p1, *p2;
1521 
1522 	p1 = *pp1;
1523 	p2 = *pp2;
1524 	if (dflg == 0) {
1525 /*
1526  * compare two names in ls-command one of which is file
1527  * and the other is a directory;
1528  * this portion is not used for comparing files within
1529  * a directory name of ls-command;
1530  */
1531 		if (p1->lflags&ISARG && p1->ltype == 'd') {
1532 			if (!(p2->lflags&ISARG && p2->ltype == 'd'))
1533 				return (1);
1534 		} else {
1535 			if (p2->lflags&ISARG && p2->ltype == 'd')
1536 				return (-1);
1537 		}
1538 	}
1539 	if (tflg) {
1540 		if (p2->lmtime.tv_sec > p1->lmtime.tv_sec)
1541 			return (rflg);
1542 		else if (p2->lmtime.tv_sec < p1->lmtime.tv_sec)
1543 			return (-rflg);
1544 		/* times are equal to the sec, check nsec */
1545 		if (p2->lmtime.tv_nsec > p1->lmtime.tv_nsec)
1546 			return (rflg);
1547 		else if (p2->lmtime.tv_nsec < p1->lmtime.tv_nsec)
1548 			return (-rflg);
1549 		/* if times are equal, fall through and sort by name */
1550 	} else if (Sflg) {
1551 		/*
1552 		 * The size stored in lsize can be either the
1553 		 * size or the major minor number (in the case of
1554 		 * block and character special devices).  If it's
1555 		 * a major minor number, then the size is considered
1556 		 * to be zero and we want to fall through and sort
1557 		 * by name.  In addition, if the size of p2 is equal
1558 		 * to the size of p1 we want to fall through and
1559 		 * sort by name.
1560 		 */
1561 		off_t	p1size = (p1->ltype == 'b') ||
1562 			    (p1->ltype == 'c') ? 0 : p1->lsize;
1563 		off_t	p2size = (p2->ltype == 'b') ||
1564 			    (p2->ltype == 'c') ? 0 : p2->lsize;
1565 		if (p2size > p1size) {
1566 			return (rflg);
1567 		} else if (p2size < p1size) {
1568 			return (-rflg);
1569 		}
1570 		/* Sizes are equal, fall through and sort by name. */
1571 	}
1572 	return (rflg * strcoll(
1573 	    p1->lflags & ISARG ? p1->ln.namep : p1->ln.lname,
1574 	    p2->lflags&ISARG ? p2->ln.namep : p2->ln.lname));
1575 }
1576 
1577 static void
1578 pprintf(char *s1, char *s2)
1579 {
1580 	csi_pprintf((unsigned char *)s1);
1581 	csi_pprintf((unsigned char *)s2);
1582 }
1583 
1584 static void
1585 csi_pprintf(unsigned char *s)
1586 {
1587 	unsigned char *cp;
1588 	char	c;
1589 	int	i;
1590 	int	c_len;
1591 	int	p_col;
1592 	wchar_t	pcode;
1593 
1594 	if (!qflg && !bflg) {
1595 		for (cp = s; *cp != '\0'; cp++) {
1596 			(void) putchar(*cp);
1597 			curcol++;
1598 		}
1599 		return;
1600 	}
1601 
1602 	for (cp = s; *cp; ) {
1603 		if (isascii(c = *cp)) {
1604 			if (!isprint(c)) {
1605 				if (qflg) {
1606 					c = '?';
1607 				} else {
1608 					curcol += 3;
1609 					(void) putc('\\', stdout);
1610 					c = '0' + ((*cp >> 6) & 07);
1611 					(void) putc(c, stdout);
1612 					c = '0' + ((*cp >> 3) & 07);
1613 					(void) putc(c, stdout);
1614 					c = '0' + (*cp & 07);
1615 				}
1616 			}
1617 			curcol++;
1618 			cp++;
1619 			(void) putc(c, stdout);
1620 			continue;
1621 		}
1622 
1623 		if ((c_len = mbtowc(&pcode, (char *)cp, MB_LEN_MAX)) <= 0) {
1624 			c_len = 1;
1625 			goto not_print;
1626 		}
1627 
1628 		if ((p_col = wcwidth(pcode)) > 0) {
1629 			(void) putwchar(pcode);
1630 			cp += c_len;
1631 			curcol += p_col;
1632 			continue;
1633 		}
1634 
1635 not_print:
1636 		for (i = 0; i < c_len; i++) {
1637 			if (qflg) {
1638 				c = '?';
1639 			} else {
1640 				curcol += 3;
1641 				(void) putc('\\', stdout);
1642 				c = '0' + ((*cp >> 6) & 07);
1643 				(void) putc(c, stdout);
1644 				c = '0' + ((*cp >> 3) & 07);
1645 				(void) putc(c, stdout);
1646 				c = '0' + (*cp & 07);
1647 			}
1648 			curcol++;
1649 			(void) putc(c, stdout);
1650 			cp++;
1651 		}
1652 	}
1653 }
1654 
1655 static int
1656 strcol(unsigned char *s1)
1657 {
1658 	int	w;
1659 	int	w_col;
1660 	int	len;
1661 	wchar_t	wc;
1662 
1663 	w = 0;
1664 	while (*s1) {
1665 		if (isascii(*s1)) {
1666 			w++;
1667 			s1++;
1668 			continue;
1669 		}
1670 
1671 		if ((len = mbtowc(&wc, (char *)s1, MB_LEN_MAX)) <= 0) {
1672 			w++;
1673 			s1++;
1674 			continue;
1675 		}
1676 
1677 		if ((w_col = wcwidth(wc)) < 0)
1678 			w_col = len;
1679 		s1 += len;
1680 		w += w_col;
1681 	}
1682 	return (w);
1683 }
1684 
1685 /*
1686  * Convert an unsigned long long to a string representation and place the
1687  * result in the caller-supplied buffer.
1688  *
1689  * The number provided is a size in bytes.  The number is first
1690  * converted to an integral multiple of 'scale' bytes.  This new
1691  * number is then scaled down until it is small enough to be in a good
1692  * human readable format, i.e.  in the range 0 thru scale-1.  If the
1693  * number used to derive the final number is not a multiple of scale, and
1694  * the final number has only a single significant digit, we compute
1695  * tenths of units to provide a second significant digit.
1696  *
1697  * The value "(unsigned long long)-1" is a special case and is always
1698  * converted to "-1".
1699  *
1700  * A pointer to the caller-supplied buffer is returned.
1701  */
1702 static char *
1703 number_to_scaled_string(
1704 			numbuf_t buf,		/* put the result here */
1705 			unsigned long long number, /* convert this number */
1706 			long scale)
1707 {
1708 	unsigned long long save;
1709 	/* Measurement: kilo, mega, giga, tera, peta, exa */
1710 	char *uom = "KMGTPE";
1711 
1712 	if ((long long)number == (long long)-1) {
1713 		(void) strlcpy(buf, "-1", sizeof (numbuf_t));
1714 		return (buf);
1715 	}
1716 
1717 	save = number;
1718 	number = number / scale;
1719 
1720 	/*
1721 	 * Now we have number as a count of scale units.
1722 	 * If no further scaling is necessary, we round up as appropriate.
1723 	 *
1724 	 * The largest value number could have had entering the routine is
1725 	 * 16 Exabytes, so running off the end of the uom array should
1726 	 * never happen.  We check for that, though, as a guard against
1727 	 * a breakdown elsewhere in the algorithm.
1728 	 */
1729 	if (number < (unsigned long long)scale) {
1730 		if ((save % scale) >= (unsigned long long)(scale / 2)) {
1731 			if (++number == (unsigned long long)scale) {
1732 				uom++;
1733 				number = 1;
1734 			}
1735 		}
1736 	} else {
1737 		while ((number >= (unsigned long long)scale) && (*uom != 'E')) {
1738 			uom++; /* next unit of measurement */
1739 			save = number;
1740 			/*
1741 			 * If we're over half way to the next unit of
1742 			 * 'scale' bytes (which means we should round
1743 			 * up), then adding half of 'scale' prior to
1744 			 * the division will push us into that next
1745 			 * unit of scale when we perform the division
1746 			 */
1747 			number = (number + (scale / 2)) / scale;
1748 		}
1749 	}
1750 
1751 	/* check if we should output a decimal place after the point */
1752 	if ((save / scale) < 10) {
1753 		/* snprintf() will round for us */
1754 		float fnum = (float)save / scale;
1755 		(void) snprintf(buf, sizeof (numbuf_t), "%2.1f%c",
1756 		    fnum, *uom);
1757 	} else {
1758 		(void) snprintf(buf, sizeof (numbuf_t), "%4llu%c",
1759 		    number, *uom);
1760 	}
1761 	return (buf);
1762 }
1763