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#include <libgen.h> char *dirname(char *path);
The dirname() function takes a pointer to a character string that contains a pathname, and returns a pointer to a string that is a pathname of the parent directory of that file. Trailing '/' characters in the path are not counted as part of the path.
If path does not contain a '/', then dirname() returns a pointer to the string "." . If path is a null pointer or points to an empty string, dirname() returns a pointer to the string "." .
The dirname() function returns a pointer to a string that is the parent directory of path. If path is a null pointer or points to an empty string, a pointer to a string "." is returned.
No errors are defined.
Example 1 Changing the Current Directory to the Parent Directory.
The following code fragment reads a pathname, changes the current working directory to the parent directory of the named file (see chdir(2)), and opens the file.
char path[[MAXPATHLEN], *pathcopy; int fd; fgets(path, MAXPATHLEN, stdin); pathcopy = strdup(path); chdir(dirname(pathcopy)); fd = open(basename(path), O_RDONLY);
Example 2 Sample Input and Output Strings for dirname().
In the following table, the input string is the value pointed to by path, and the output string is the return value of the dirname() function.
| Input String | Output String |
| "/usr/lib"" | "/usr" |
| "/usr/" | "/" |
| "usr" | "/" |
| "/" | "/" |
| "." | "." |
| ".." | "." |
The dirname() function modifies the string pointed to by path.
The dirname() and basename(3C) functions together yield a complete pathname. The expression dirname(path) obtains the pathname of the directory where basename(path) is found.
See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:
| ATTRIBUTE TYPE | ATTRIBUTE VALUE |
| Interface Stability | Standard |
| MT-Level | MT-Safe |
basename(1), chdir(2), basename(3C), attributes(5), standards(5)