xref: /illumos-gate/usr/src/uts/intel/dtrace/fasttrap_isa.c (revision ddb365bfc9e868ad24ccdcb0dc91af18b10df082)
1 /*
2  * CDDL HEADER START
3  *
4  * The contents of this file are subject to the terms of the
5  * Common Development and Distribution License (the "License").
6  * You may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
7  *
8  * You can obtain a copy of the license at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE
9  * or http://www.opensolaris.org/os/licensing.
10  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions
11  * and limitations under the License.
12  *
13  * When distributing Covered Code, include this CDDL HEADER in each
14  * file and include the License file at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE.
15  * If applicable, add the following below this CDDL HEADER, with the
16  * fields enclosed by brackets "[]" replaced with your own identifying
17  * information: Portions Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner]
18  *
19  * CDDL HEADER END
20  */
21 
22 /*
23  * Copyright 2008 Sun Microsystems, Inc.  All rights reserved.
24  * Use is subject to license terms.
25  */
26 
27 #include <sys/fasttrap_isa.h>
28 #include <sys/fasttrap_impl.h>
29 #include <sys/dtrace.h>
30 #include <sys/dtrace_impl.h>
31 #include <sys/cmn_err.h>
32 #include <sys/regset.h>
33 #include <sys/privregs.h>
34 #include <sys/segments.h>
35 #include <sys/x86_archext.h>
36 #include <sys/sysmacros.h>
37 #include <sys/trap.h>
38 #include <sys/archsystm.h>
39 
40 /*
41  * Lossless User-Land Tracing on x86
42  * ---------------------------------
43  *
44  * The execution of most instructions is not dependent on the address; for
45  * these instructions it is sufficient to copy them into the user process's
46  * address space and execute them. To effectively single-step an instruction
47  * in user-land, we copy out the following sequence of instructions to scratch
48  * space in the user thread's ulwp_t structure.
49  *
50  * We then set the program counter (%eip or %rip) to point to this scratch
51  * space. Once execution resumes, the original instruction is executed and
52  * then control flow is redirected to what was originally the subsequent
53  * instruction. If the kernel attemps to deliver a signal while single-
54  * stepping, the signal is deferred and the program counter is moved into the
55  * second sequence of instructions. The second sequence ends in a trap into
56  * the kernel where the deferred signal is then properly handled and delivered.
57  *
58  * For instructions whose execute is position dependent, we perform simple
59  * emulation. These instructions are limited to control transfer
60  * instructions in 32-bit mode, but in 64-bit mode there's the added wrinkle
61  * of %rip-relative addressing that means that almost any instruction can be
62  * position dependent. For all the details on how we emulate generic
63  * instructions included %rip-relative instructions, see the code in
64  * fasttrap_pid_probe() below where we handle instructions of type
65  * FASTTRAP_T_COMMON (under the header: Generic Instruction Tracing).
66  */
67 
68 #define	FASTTRAP_MODRM_MOD(modrm)	(((modrm) >> 6) & 0x3)
69 #define	FASTTRAP_MODRM_REG(modrm)	(((modrm) >> 3) & 0x7)
70 #define	FASTTRAP_MODRM_RM(modrm)	((modrm) & 0x7)
71 #define	FASTTRAP_MODRM(mod, reg, rm)	(((mod) << 6) | ((reg) << 3) | (rm))
72 
73 #define	FASTTRAP_SIB_SCALE(sib)		(((sib) >> 6) & 0x3)
74 #define	FASTTRAP_SIB_INDEX(sib)		(((sib) >> 3) & 0x7)
75 #define	FASTTRAP_SIB_BASE(sib)		((sib) & 0x7)
76 
77 #define	FASTTRAP_REX_W(rex)		(((rex) >> 3) & 1)
78 #define	FASTTRAP_REX_R(rex)		(((rex) >> 2) & 1)
79 #define	FASTTRAP_REX_X(rex)		(((rex) >> 1) & 1)
80 #define	FASTTRAP_REX_B(rex)		((rex) & 1)
81 #define	FASTTRAP_REX(w, r, x, b)	\
82 	(0x40 | ((w) << 3) | ((r) << 2) | ((x) << 1) | (b))
83 
84 /*
85  * Single-byte op-codes.
86  */
87 #define	FASTTRAP_PUSHL_EBP	0x55
88 
89 #define	FASTTRAP_JO		0x70
90 #define	FASTTRAP_JNO		0x71
91 #define	FASTTRAP_JB		0x72
92 #define	FASTTRAP_JAE		0x73
93 #define	FASTTRAP_JE		0x74
94 #define	FASTTRAP_JNE		0x75
95 #define	FASTTRAP_JBE		0x76
96 #define	FASTTRAP_JA		0x77
97 #define	FASTTRAP_JS		0x78
98 #define	FASTTRAP_JNS		0x79
99 #define	FASTTRAP_JP		0x7a
100 #define	FASTTRAP_JNP		0x7b
101 #define	FASTTRAP_JL		0x7c
102 #define	FASTTRAP_JGE		0x7d
103 #define	FASTTRAP_JLE		0x7e
104 #define	FASTTRAP_JG		0x7f
105 
106 #define	FASTTRAP_NOP		0x90
107 
108 #define	FASTTRAP_MOV_EAX	0xb8
109 #define	FASTTRAP_MOV_ECX	0xb9
110 
111 #define	FASTTRAP_RET16		0xc2
112 #define	FASTTRAP_RET		0xc3
113 
114 #define	FASTTRAP_LOOPNZ		0xe0
115 #define	FASTTRAP_LOOPZ		0xe1
116 #define	FASTTRAP_LOOP		0xe2
117 #define	FASTTRAP_JCXZ		0xe3
118 
119 #define	FASTTRAP_CALL		0xe8
120 #define	FASTTRAP_JMP32		0xe9
121 #define	FASTTRAP_JMP8		0xeb
122 
123 #define	FASTTRAP_INT3		0xcc
124 #define	FASTTRAP_INT		0xcd
125 
126 #define	FASTTRAP_2_BYTE_OP	0x0f
127 #define	FASTTRAP_GROUP5_OP	0xff
128 
129 /*
130  * Two-byte op-codes (second byte only).
131  */
132 #define	FASTTRAP_0F_JO		0x80
133 #define	FASTTRAP_0F_JNO		0x81
134 #define	FASTTRAP_0F_JB		0x82
135 #define	FASTTRAP_0F_JAE		0x83
136 #define	FASTTRAP_0F_JE		0x84
137 #define	FASTTRAP_0F_JNE		0x85
138 #define	FASTTRAP_0F_JBE		0x86
139 #define	FASTTRAP_0F_JA		0x87
140 #define	FASTTRAP_0F_JS		0x88
141 #define	FASTTRAP_0F_JNS		0x89
142 #define	FASTTRAP_0F_JP		0x8a
143 #define	FASTTRAP_0F_JNP		0x8b
144 #define	FASTTRAP_0F_JL		0x8c
145 #define	FASTTRAP_0F_JGE		0x8d
146 #define	FASTTRAP_0F_JLE		0x8e
147 #define	FASTTRAP_0F_JG		0x8f
148 
149 #define	FASTTRAP_EFLAGS_OF	0x800
150 #define	FASTTRAP_EFLAGS_DF	0x400
151 #define	FASTTRAP_EFLAGS_SF	0x080
152 #define	FASTTRAP_EFLAGS_ZF	0x040
153 #define	FASTTRAP_EFLAGS_AF	0x010
154 #define	FASTTRAP_EFLAGS_PF	0x004
155 #define	FASTTRAP_EFLAGS_CF	0x001
156 
157 /*
158  * Instruction prefixes.
159  */
160 #define	FASTTRAP_PREFIX_OPERAND	0x66
161 #define	FASTTRAP_PREFIX_ADDRESS	0x67
162 #define	FASTTRAP_PREFIX_CS	0x2E
163 #define	FASTTRAP_PREFIX_DS	0x3E
164 #define	FASTTRAP_PREFIX_ES	0x26
165 #define	FASTTRAP_PREFIX_FS	0x64
166 #define	FASTTRAP_PREFIX_GS	0x65
167 #define	FASTTRAP_PREFIX_SS	0x36
168 #define	FASTTRAP_PREFIX_LOCK	0xF0
169 #define	FASTTRAP_PREFIX_REP	0xF3
170 #define	FASTTRAP_PREFIX_REPNE	0xF2
171 
172 #define	FASTTRAP_NOREG	0xff
173 
174 /*
175  * Map between instruction register encodings and the kernel constants which
176  * correspond to indicies into struct regs.
177  */
178 static const uint8_t regmap[16] = {
179 	REG_RAX, REG_RCX, REG_RDX, REG_RBX, REG_RSP, REG_RBP, REG_RSI, REG_RDI,
180 	REG_R8, REG_R9, REG_R10, REG_R11, REG_R12, REG_R13, REG_R14, REG_R15,
181 };
182 
183 static ulong_t fasttrap_getreg(struct regs *, uint_t);
184 
185 static uint64_t
186 fasttrap_anarg(struct regs *rp, int function_entry, int argno)
187 {
188 	uint64_t value;
189 	int shift = function_entry ? 1 : 0;
190 
191 	if (curproc->p_model == DATAMODEL_LP64) {
192 		uintptr_t *stack;
193 
194 		/*
195 		 * In 64-bit mode, the first six arguments are stored in
196 		 * registers.
197 		 */
198 		if (argno < 6)
199 			return ((&rp->r_rdi)[argno]);
200 
201 		stack = (uintptr_t *)rp->r_sp;
202 		DTRACE_CPUFLAG_SET(CPU_DTRACE_NOFAULT);
203 		value = dtrace_fulword(&stack[argno - 6 + shift]);
204 		DTRACE_CPUFLAG_CLEAR(CPU_DTRACE_NOFAULT | CPU_DTRACE_BADADDR);
205 	} else {
206 		uint32_t *stack = (uint32_t *)rp->r_sp;
207 		DTRACE_CPUFLAG_SET(CPU_DTRACE_NOFAULT);
208 		value = dtrace_fuword32(&stack[argno + shift]);
209 		DTRACE_CPUFLAG_CLEAR(CPU_DTRACE_NOFAULT | CPU_DTRACE_BADADDR);
210 	}
211 
212 	return (value);
213 }
214 
215 /*ARGSUSED*/
216 int
217 fasttrap_tracepoint_init(proc_t *p, fasttrap_tracepoint_t *tp, uintptr_t pc,
218     fasttrap_probe_type_t type)
219 {
220 	uint8_t instr[FASTTRAP_MAX_INSTR_SIZE + 10];
221 	size_t len = FASTTRAP_MAX_INSTR_SIZE;
222 	size_t first = MIN(len, PAGESIZE - (pc & PAGEOFFSET));
223 	uint_t start = 0;
224 	int rmindex, size;
225 	uint8_t seg, rex = 0;
226 
227 	/*
228 	 * Read the instruction at the given address out of the process's
229 	 * address space. We don't have to worry about a debugger
230 	 * changing this instruction before we overwrite it with our trap
231 	 * instruction since P_PR_LOCK is set. Since instructions can span
232 	 * pages, we potentially read the instruction in two parts. If the
233 	 * second part fails, we just zero out that part of the instruction.
234 	 */
235 	if (uread(p, &instr[0], first, pc) != 0)
236 		return (-1);
237 	if (len > first &&
238 	    uread(p, &instr[first], len - first, pc + first) != 0) {
239 		bzero(&instr[first], len - first);
240 		len = first;
241 	}
242 
243 	/*
244 	 * If the disassembly fails, then we have a malformed instruction.
245 	 */
246 	if ((size = dtrace_instr_size_isa(instr, p->p_model, &rmindex)) <= 0)
247 		return (-1);
248 
249 	/*
250 	 * Make sure the disassembler isn't completely broken.
251 	 */
252 	ASSERT(-1 <= rmindex && rmindex < size);
253 
254 	/*
255 	 * If the computed size is greater than the number of bytes read,
256 	 * then it was a malformed instruction possibly because it fell on a
257 	 * page boundary and the subsequent page was missing or because of
258 	 * some malicious user.
259 	 */
260 	if (size > len)
261 		return (-1);
262 
263 	tp->ftt_size = (uint8_t)size;
264 	tp->ftt_segment = FASTTRAP_SEG_NONE;
265 
266 	/*
267 	 * Find the start of the instruction's opcode by processing any
268 	 * legacy prefixes.
269 	 */
270 	for (;;) {
271 		seg = 0;
272 		switch (instr[start]) {
273 		case FASTTRAP_PREFIX_SS:
274 			seg++;
275 			/*FALLTHRU*/
276 		case FASTTRAP_PREFIX_GS:
277 			seg++;
278 			/*FALLTHRU*/
279 		case FASTTRAP_PREFIX_FS:
280 			seg++;
281 			/*FALLTHRU*/
282 		case FASTTRAP_PREFIX_ES:
283 			seg++;
284 			/*FALLTHRU*/
285 		case FASTTRAP_PREFIX_DS:
286 			seg++;
287 			/*FALLTHRU*/
288 		case FASTTRAP_PREFIX_CS:
289 			seg++;
290 			/*FALLTHRU*/
291 		case FASTTRAP_PREFIX_OPERAND:
292 		case FASTTRAP_PREFIX_ADDRESS:
293 		case FASTTRAP_PREFIX_LOCK:
294 		case FASTTRAP_PREFIX_REP:
295 		case FASTTRAP_PREFIX_REPNE:
296 			if (seg != 0) {
297 				/*
298 				 * It's illegal for an instruction to specify
299 				 * two segment prefixes -- give up on this
300 				 * illegal instruction.
301 				 */
302 				if (tp->ftt_segment != FASTTRAP_SEG_NONE)
303 					return (-1);
304 
305 				tp->ftt_segment = seg;
306 			}
307 			start++;
308 			continue;
309 		}
310 		break;
311 	}
312 
313 	/*
314 	 * Identify the REX prefix on 64-bit processes.
315 	 */
316 	if (p->p_model == DATAMODEL_LP64 && (instr[start] & 0xf0) == 0x40)
317 		rex = instr[start++];
318 
319 	/*
320 	 * Now that we're pretty sure that the instruction is okay, copy the
321 	 * valid part to the tracepoint.
322 	 */
323 	bcopy(instr, tp->ftt_instr, FASTTRAP_MAX_INSTR_SIZE);
324 
325 	tp->ftt_type = FASTTRAP_T_COMMON;
326 	if (instr[start] == FASTTRAP_2_BYTE_OP) {
327 		switch (instr[start + 1]) {
328 		case FASTTRAP_0F_JO:
329 		case FASTTRAP_0F_JNO:
330 		case FASTTRAP_0F_JB:
331 		case FASTTRAP_0F_JAE:
332 		case FASTTRAP_0F_JE:
333 		case FASTTRAP_0F_JNE:
334 		case FASTTRAP_0F_JBE:
335 		case FASTTRAP_0F_JA:
336 		case FASTTRAP_0F_JS:
337 		case FASTTRAP_0F_JNS:
338 		case FASTTRAP_0F_JP:
339 		case FASTTRAP_0F_JNP:
340 		case FASTTRAP_0F_JL:
341 		case FASTTRAP_0F_JGE:
342 		case FASTTRAP_0F_JLE:
343 		case FASTTRAP_0F_JG:
344 			tp->ftt_type = FASTTRAP_T_JCC;
345 			tp->ftt_code = (instr[start + 1] & 0x0f) | FASTTRAP_JO;
346 			tp->ftt_dest = pc + tp->ftt_size +
347 			    /* LINTED - alignment */
348 			    *(int32_t *)&instr[start + 2];
349 			break;
350 		}
351 	} else if (instr[start] == FASTTRAP_GROUP5_OP) {
352 		uint_t mod = FASTTRAP_MODRM_MOD(instr[start + 1]);
353 		uint_t reg = FASTTRAP_MODRM_REG(instr[start + 1]);
354 		uint_t rm = FASTTRAP_MODRM_RM(instr[start + 1]);
355 
356 		if (reg == 2 || reg == 4) {
357 			uint_t i, sz;
358 
359 			if (reg == 2)
360 				tp->ftt_type = FASTTRAP_T_CALL;
361 			else
362 				tp->ftt_type = FASTTRAP_T_JMP;
363 
364 			if (mod == 3)
365 				tp->ftt_code = 2;
366 			else
367 				tp->ftt_code = 1;
368 
369 			ASSERT(p->p_model == DATAMODEL_LP64 || rex == 0);
370 
371 			/*
372 			 * See AMD x86-64 Architecture Programmer's Manual
373 			 * Volume 3, Section 1.2.7, Table 1-12, and
374 			 * Appendix A.3.1, Table A-15.
375 			 */
376 			if (mod != 3 && rm == 4) {
377 				uint8_t sib = instr[start + 2];
378 				uint_t index = FASTTRAP_SIB_INDEX(sib);
379 				uint_t base = FASTTRAP_SIB_BASE(sib);
380 
381 				tp->ftt_scale = FASTTRAP_SIB_SCALE(sib);
382 
383 				tp->ftt_index = (index == 4) ?
384 				    FASTTRAP_NOREG :
385 				    regmap[index | (FASTTRAP_REX_X(rex) << 3)];
386 				tp->ftt_base = (mod == 0 && base == 5) ?
387 				    FASTTRAP_NOREG :
388 				    regmap[base | (FASTTRAP_REX_B(rex) << 3)];
389 
390 				i = 3;
391 				sz = mod == 1 ? 1 : 4;
392 			} else {
393 				/*
394 				 * In 64-bit mode, mod == 0 and r/m == 5
395 				 * denotes %rip-relative addressing; in 32-bit
396 				 * mode, the base register isn't used. In both
397 				 * modes, there is a 32-bit operand.
398 				 */
399 				if (mod == 0 && rm == 5) {
400 					if (p->p_model == DATAMODEL_LP64)
401 						tp->ftt_base = REG_RIP;
402 					else
403 						tp->ftt_base = FASTTRAP_NOREG;
404 					sz = 4;
405 				} else  {
406 					uint8_t base = rm |
407 					    (FASTTRAP_REX_B(rex) << 3);
408 
409 					tp->ftt_base = regmap[base];
410 					sz = mod == 1 ? 1 : mod == 2 ? 4 : 0;
411 				}
412 				tp->ftt_index = FASTTRAP_NOREG;
413 				i = 2;
414 			}
415 
416 			if (sz == 1) {
417 				tp->ftt_dest = *(int8_t *)&instr[start + i];
418 			} else if (sz == 4) {
419 				/* LINTED - alignment */
420 				tp->ftt_dest = *(int32_t *)&instr[start + i];
421 			} else {
422 				tp->ftt_dest = 0;
423 			}
424 		}
425 	} else {
426 		switch (instr[start]) {
427 		case FASTTRAP_RET:
428 			tp->ftt_type = FASTTRAP_T_RET;
429 			break;
430 
431 		case FASTTRAP_RET16:
432 			tp->ftt_type = FASTTRAP_T_RET16;
433 			/* LINTED - alignment */
434 			tp->ftt_dest = *(uint16_t *)&instr[start + 1];
435 			break;
436 
437 		case FASTTRAP_JO:
438 		case FASTTRAP_JNO:
439 		case FASTTRAP_JB:
440 		case FASTTRAP_JAE:
441 		case FASTTRAP_JE:
442 		case FASTTRAP_JNE:
443 		case FASTTRAP_JBE:
444 		case FASTTRAP_JA:
445 		case FASTTRAP_JS:
446 		case FASTTRAP_JNS:
447 		case FASTTRAP_JP:
448 		case FASTTRAP_JNP:
449 		case FASTTRAP_JL:
450 		case FASTTRAP_JGE:
451 		case FASTTRAP_JLE:
452 		case FASTTRAP_JG:
453 			tp->ftt_type = FASTTRAP_T_JCC;
454 			tp->ftt_code = instr[start];
455 			tp->ftt_dest = pc + tp->ftt_size +
456 			    (int8_t)instr[start + 1];
457 			break;
458 
459 		case FASTTRAP_LOOPNZ:
460 		case FASTTRAP_LOOPZ:
461 		case FASTTRAP_LOOP:
462 			tp->ftt_type = FASTTRAP_T_LOOP;
463 			tp->ftt_code = instr[start];
464 			tp->ftt_dest = pc + tp->ftt_size +
465 			    (int8_t)instr[start + 1];
466 			break;
467 
468 		case FASTTRAP_JCXZ:
469 			tp->ftt_type = FASTTRAP_T_JCXZ;
470 			tp->ftt_dest = pc + tp->ftt_size +
471 			    (int8_t)instr[start + 1];
472 			break;
473 
474 		case FASTTRAP_CALL:
475 			tp->ftt_type = FASTTRAP_T_CALL;
476 			tp->ftt_dest = pc + tp->ftt_size +
477 			    /* LINTED - alignment */
478 			    *(int32_t *)&instr[start + 1];
479 			tp->ftt_code = 0;
480 			break;
481 
482 		case FASTTRAP_JMP32:
483 			tp->ftt_type = FASTTRAP_T_JMP;
484 			tp->ftt_dest = pc + tp->ftt_size +
485 			    /* LINTED - alignment */
486 			    *(int32_t *)&instr[start + 1];
487 			break;
488 		case FASTTRAP_JMP8:
489 			tp->ftt_type = FASTTRAP_T_JMP;
490 			tp->ftt_dest = pc + tp->ftt_size +
491 			    (int8_t)instr[start + 1];
492 			break;
493 
494 		case FASTTRAP_PUSHL_EBP:
495 			if (start == 0)
496 				tp->ftt_type = FASTTRAP_T_PUSHL_EBP;
497 			break;
498 
499 		case FASTTRAP_NOP:
500 			ASSERT(p->p_model == DATAMODEL_LP64 || rex == 0);
501 
502 			/*
503 			 * On amd64 we have to be careful not to confuse a nop
504 			 * (actually xchgl %eax, %eax) with an instruction using
505 			 * the same opcode, but that does something different
506 			 * (e.g. xchgl %r8d, %eax or xcghq %r8, %rax).
507 			 */
508 			if (FASTTRAP_REX_B(rex) == 0)
509 				tp->ftt_type = FASTTRAP_T_NOP;
510 			break;
511 
512 		case FASTTRAP_INT3:
513 			/*
514 			 * The pid provider shares the int3 trap with debugger
515 			 * breakpoints so we can't instrument them.
516 			 */
517 			ASSERT(instr[start] == FASTTRAP_INSTR);
518 			return (-1);
519 
520 		case FASTTRAP_INT:
521 			/*
522 			 * Interrupts seem like they could be traced with
523 			 * no negative implications, but it's possible that
524 			 * a thread could be redirected by the trap handling
525 			 * code which would eventually return to the
526 			 * instruction after the interrupt. If the interrupt
527 			 * were in our scratch space, the subsequent
528 			 * instruction might be overwritten before we return.
529 			 * Accordingly we refuse to instrument any interrupt.
530 			 */
531 			return (-1);
532 		}
533 	}
534 
535 	if (p->p_model == DATAMODEL_LP64 && tp->ftt_type == FASTTRAP_T_COMMON) {
536 		/*
537 		 * If the process is 64-bit and the instruction type is still
538 		 * FASTTRAP_T_COMMON -- meaning we're going to copy it out an
539 		 * execute it -- we need to watch for %rip-relative
540 		 * addressing mode. See the portion of fasttrap_pid_probe()
541 		 * below where we handle tracepoints with type
542 		 * FASTTRAP_T_COMMON for how we emulate instructions that
543 		 * employ %rip-relative addressing.
544 		 */
545 		if (rmindex != -1) {
546 			uint_t mod = FASTTRAP_MODRM_MOD(instr[rmindex]);
547 			uint_t reg = FASTTRAP_MODRM_REG(instr[rmindex]);
548 			uint_t rm = FASTTRAP_MODRM_RM(instr[rmindex]);
549 
550 			ASSERT(rmindex > start);
551 
552 			if (mod == 0 && rm == 5) {
553 				/*
554 				 * We need to be sure to avoid other
555 				 * registers used by this instruction. While
556 				 * the reg field may determine the op code
557 				 * rather than denoting a register, assuming
558 				 * that it denotes a register is always safe.
559 				 * We leave the REX field intact and use
560 				 * whatever value's there for simplicity.
561 				 */
562 				if (reg != 0) {
563 					tp->ftt_ripmode = FASTTRAP_RIP_1 |
564 					    (FASTTRAP_RIP_X *
565 					    FASTTRAP_REX_B(rex));
566 					rm = 0;
567 				} else {
568 					tp->ftt_ripmode = FASTTRAP_RIP_2 |
569 					    (FASTTRAP_RIP_X *
570 					    FASTTRAP_REX_B(rex));
571 					rm = 1;
572 				}
573 
574 				tp->ftt_modrm = tp->ftt_instr[rmindex];
575 				tp->ftt_instr[rmindex] =
576 				    FASTTRAP_MODRM(2, reg, rm);
577 			}
578 		}
579 	}
580 
581 	return (0);
582 }
583 
584 int
585 fasttrap_tracepoint_install(proc_t *p, fasttrap_tracepoint_t *tp)
586 {
587 	fasttrap_instr_t instr = FASTTRAP_INSTR;
588 
589 	if (uwrite(p, &instr, 1, tp->ftt_pc) != 0)
590 		return (-1);
591 
592 	return (0);
593 }
594 
595 int
596 fasttrap_tracepoint_remove(proc_t *p, fasttrap_tracepoint_t *tp)
597 {
598 	uint8_t instr;
599 
600 	/*
601 	 * Distinguish between read or write failures and a changed
602 	 * instruction.
603 	 */
604 	if (uread(p, &instr, 1, tp->ftt_pc) != 0)
605 		return (0);
606 	if (instr != FASTTRAP_INSTR)
607 		return (0);
608 	if (uwrite(p, &tp->ftt_instr[0], 1, tp->ftt_pc) != 0)
609 		return (-1);
610 
611 	return (0);
612 }
613 
614 static uintptr_t
615 fasttrap_fulword_noerr(const void *uaddr)
616 {
617 	uintptr_t ret;
618 
619 	if (fasttrap_fulword(uaddr, &ret) == 0)
620 		return (ret);
621 
622 	return (0);
623 }
624 
625 static uint32_t
626 fasttrap_fuword32_noerr(const void *uaddr)
627 {
628 	uint32_t ret;
629 
630 	if (fasttrap_fuword32(uaddr, &ret) == 0)
631 		return (ret);
632 
633 	return (0);
634 }
635 
636 static void
637 fasttrap_return_common(struct regs *rp, uintptr_t pc, pid_t pid,
638     uintptr_t new_pc)
639 {
640 	fasttrap_tracepoint_t *tp;
641 	fasttrap_bucket_t *bucket;
642 	fasttrap_id_t *id;
643 	kmutex_t *pid_mtx;
644 
645 	pid_mtx = &cpu_core[CPU->cpu_id].cpuc_pid_lock;
646 	mutex_enter(pid_mtx);
647 	bucket = &fasttrap_tpoints.fth_table[FASTTRAP_TPOINTS_INDEX(pid, pc)];
648 
649 	for (tp = bucket->ftb_data; tp != NULL; tp = tp->ftt_next) {
650 		if (pid == tp->ftt_pid && pc == tp->ftt_pc &&
651 		    tp->ftt_proc->ftpc_acount != 0)
652 			break;
653 	}
654 
655 	/*
656 	 * Don't sweat it if we can't find the tracepoint again; unlike
657 	 * when we're in fasttrap_pid_probe(), finding the tracepoint here
658 	 * is not essential to the correct execution of the process.
659 	 */
660 	if (tp == NULL) {
661 		mutex_exit(pid_mtx);
662 		return;
663 	}
664 
665 	for (id = tp->ftt_retids; id != NULL; id = id->fti_next) {
666 		/*
667 		 * If there's a branch that could act as a return site, we
668 		 * need to trace it, and check here if the program counter is
669 		 * external to the function.
670 		 */
671 		if (tp->ftt_type != FASTTRAP_T_RET &&
672 		    tp->ftt_type != FASTTRAP_T_RET16 &&
673 		    new_pc - id->fti_probe->ftp_faddr <
674 		    id->fti_probe->ftp_fsize)
675 			continue;
676 
677 		dtrace_probe(id->fti_probe->ftp_id,
678 		    pc - id->fti_probe->ftp_faddr,
679 		    rp->r_r0, rp->r_r1, 0, 0);
680 	}
681 
682 	mutex_exit(pid_mtx);
683 }
684 
685 static void
686 fasttrap_sigsegv(proc_t *p, kthread_t *t, uintptr_t addr)
687 {
688 	sigqueue_t *sqp = kmem_zalloc(sizeof (sigqueue_t), KM_SLEEP);
689 
690 	sqp->sq_info.si_signo = SIGSEGV;
691 	sqp->sq_info.si_code = SEGV_MAPERR;
692 	sqp->sq_info.si_addr = (caddr_t)addr;
693 
694 	mutex_enter(&p->p_lock);
695 	sigaddqa(p, t, sqp);
696 	mutex_exit(&p->p_lock);
697 
698 	if (t != NULL)
699 		aston(t);
700 }
701 
702 static void
703 fasttrap_usdt_args64(fasttrap_probe_t *probe, struct regs *rp, int argc,
704     uintptr_t *argv)
705 {
706 	int i, x, cap = MIN(argc, probe->ftp_nargs);
707 	uintptr_t *stack = (uintptr_t *)rp->r_sp;
708 
709 	for (i = 0; i < cap; i++) {
710 		x = probe->ftp_argmap[i];
711 
712 		if (x < 6)
713 			argv[i] = (&rp->r_rdi)[x];
714 		else
715 			argv[i] = fasttrap_fulword_noerr(&stack[x]);
716 	}
717 
718 	for (; i < argc; i++) {
719 		argv[i] = 0;
720 	}
721 }
722 
723 static void
724 fasttrap_usdt_args32(fasttrap_probe_t *probe, struct regs *rp, int argc,
725     uint32_t *argv)
726 {
727 	int i, x, cap = MIN(argc, probe->ftp_nargs);
728 	uint32_t *stack = (uint32_t *)rp->r_sp;
729 
730 	for (i = 0; i < cap; i++) {
731 		x = probe->ftp_argmap[i];
732 
733 		argv[i] = fasttrap_fuword32_noerr(&stack[x]);
734 	}
735 
736 	for (; i < argc; i++) {
737 		argv[i] = 0;
738 	}
739 }
740 
741 static int
742 fasttrap_do_seg(fasttrap_tracepoint_t *tp, struct regs *rp, uintptr_t *addr)
743 {
744 	proc_t *p = curproc;
745 	user_desc_t *desc;
746 	uint16_t sel, ndx, type;
747 	uintptr_t limit;
748 
749 	switch (tp->ftt_segment) {
750 	case FASTTRAP_SEG_CS:
751 		sel = rp->r_cs;
752 		break;
753 	case FASTTRAP_SEG_DS:
754 		sel = rp->r_ds;
755 		break;
756 	case FASTTRAP_SEG_ES:
757 		sel = rp->r_es;
758 		break;
759 	case FASTTRAP_SEG_FS:
760 		sel = rp->r_fs;
761 		break;
762 	case FASTTRAP_SEG_GS:
763 		sel = rp->r_gs;
764 		break;
765 	case FASTTRAP_SEG_SS:
766 		sel = rp->r_ss;
767 		break;
768 	}
769 
770 	/*
771 	 * Make sure the given segment register specifies a user priority
772 	 * selector rather than a kernel selector.
773 	 */
774 	if (!SELISUPL(sel))
775 		return (-1);
776 
777 	ndx = SELTOIDX(sel);
778 
779 	/*
780 	 * Check the bounds and grab the descriptor out of the specified
781 	 * descriptor table.
782 	 */
783 	if (SELISLDT(sel)) {
784 		if (ndx > p->p_ldtlimit)
785 			return (-1);
786 
787 		desc = p->p_ldt + ndx;
788 
789 	} else {
790 		if (ndx >= NGDT)
791 			return (-1);
792 
793 		desc = cpu_get_gdt() + ndx;
794 	}
795 
796 	/*
797 	 * The descriptor must have user privilege level and it must be
798 	 * present in memory.
799 	 */
800 	if (desc->usd_dpl != SEL_UPL || desc->usd_p != 1)
801 		return (-1);
802 
803 	type = desc->usd_type;
804 
805 	/*
806 	 * If the S bit in the type field is not set, this descriptor can
807 	 * only be used in system context.
808 	 */
809 	if ((type & 0x10) != 0x10)
810 		return (-1);
811 
812 	limit = USEGD_GETLIMIT(desc) * (desc->usd_gran ? PAGESIZE : 1);
813 
814 	if (tp->ftt_segment == FASTTRAP_SEG_CS) {
815 		/*
816 		 * The code/data bit and readable bit must both be set.
817 		 */
818 		if ((type & 0xa) != 0xa)
819 			return (-1);
820 
821 		if (*addr > limit)
822 			return (-1);
823 	} else {
824 		/*
825 		 * The code/data bit must be clear.
826 		 */
827 		if ((type & 0x8) != 0)
828 			return (-1);
829 
830 		/*
831 		 * If the expand-down bit is clear, we just check the limit as
832 		 * it would naturally be applied. Otherwise, we need to check
833 		 * that the address is the range [limit + 1 .. 0xffff] or
834 		 * [limit + 1 ... 0xffffffff] depending on if the default
835 		 * operand size bit is set.
836 		 */
837 		if ((type & 0x4) == 0) {
838 			if (*addr > limit)
839 				return (-1);
840 		} else if (desc->usd_def32) {
841 			if (*addr < limit + 1 || 0xffff < *addr)
842 				return (-1);
843 		} else {
844 			if (*addr < limit + 1 || 0xffffffff < *addr)
845 				return (-1);
846 		}
847 	}
848 
849 	*addr += USEGD_GETBASE(desc);
850 
851 	return (0);
852 }
853 
854 int
855 fasttrap_pid_probe(struct regs *rp)
856 {
857 	proc_t *p = curproc;
858 	uintptr_t pc = rp->r_pc - 1, new_pc = 0;
859 	fasttrap_bucket_t *bucket;
860 	kmutex_t *pid_mtx;
861 	fasttrap_tracepoint_t *tp, tp_local;
862 	pid_t pid;
863 	dtrace_icookie_t cookie;
864 	uint_t is_enabled = 0;
865 
866 	/*
867 	 * It's possible that a user (in a veritable orgy of bad planning)
868 	 * could redirect this thread's flow of control before it reached the
869 	 * return probe fasttrap. In this case we need to kill the process
870 	 * since it's in a unrecoverable state.
871 	 */
872 	if (curthread->t_dtrace_step) {
873 		ASSERT(curthread->t_dtrace_on);
874 		fasttrap_sigtrap(p, curthread, pc);
875 		return (0);
876 	}
877 
878 	/*
879 	 * Clear all user tracing flags.
880 	 */
881 	curthread->t_dtrace_ft = 0;
882 	curthread->t_dtrace_pc = 0;
883 	curthread->t_dtrace_npc = 0;
884 	curthread->t_dtrace_scrpc = 0;
885 	curthread->t_dtrace_astpc = 0;
886 	curthread->t_dtrace_regv = 0;
887 
888 	/*
889 	 * Treat a child created by a call to vfork(2) as if it were its
890 	 * parent. We know that there's only one thread of control in such a
891 	 * process: this one.
892 	 */
893 	while (p->p_flag & SVFORK) {
894 		p = p->p_parent;
895 	}
896 
897 	pid = p->p_pid;
898 	pid_mtx = &cpu_core[CPU->cpu_id].cpuc_pid_lock;
899 	mutex_enter(pid_mtx);
900 	bucket = &fasttrap_tpoints.fth_table[FASTTRAP_TPOINTS_INDEX(pid, pc)];
901 
902 	/*
903 	 * Lookup the tracepoint that the process just hit.
904 	 */
905 	for (tp = bucket->ftb_data; tp != NULL; tp = tp->ftt_next) {
906 		if (pid == tp->ftt_pid && pc == tp->ftt_pc &&
907 		    tp->ftt_proc->ftpc_acount != 0)
908 			break;
909 	}
910 
911 	/*
912 	 * If we couldn't find a matching tracepoint, either a tracepoint has
913 	 * been inserted without using the pid<pid> ioctl interface (see
914 	 * fasttrap_ioctl), or somehow we have mislaid this tracepoint.
915 	 */
916 	if (tp == NULL) {
917 		mutex_exit(pid_mtx);
918 		return (-1);
919 	}
920 
921 	/*
922 	 * Set the program counter to the address of the traced instruction
923 	 * so that it looks right in ustack() output.
924 	 */
925 	rp->r_pc = pc;
926 
927 	if (tp->ftt_ids != NULL) {
928 		fasttrap_id_t *id;
929 
930 		if (p->p_model == DATAMODEL_LP64) {
931 			for (id = tp->ftt_ids; id != NULL; id = id->fti_next) {
932 				fasttrap_probe_t *probe = id->fti_probe;
933 
934 				if (id->fti_ptype == DTFTP_ENTRY) {
935 					/*
936 					 * We note that this was an entry
937 					 * probe to help ustack() find the
938 					 * first caller.
939 					 */
940 					cookie = dtrace_interrupt_disable();
941 					DTRACE_CPUFLAG_SET(CPU_DTRACE_ENTRY);
942 					dtrace_probe(probe->ftp_id, rp->r_rdi,
943 					    rp->r_rsi, rp->r_rdx, rp->r_rcx,
944 					    rp->r_r8);
945 					DTRACE_CPUFLAG_CLEAR(CPU_DTRACE_ENTRY);
946 					dtrace_interrupt_enable(cookie);
947 				} else if (id->fti_ptype == DTFTP_IS_ENABLED) {
948 					/*
949 					 * Note that in this case, we don't
950 					 * call dtrace_probe() since it's only
951 					 * an artificial probe meant to change
952 					 * the flow of control so that it
953 					 * encounters the true probe.
954 					 */
955 					is_enabled = 1;
956 				} else if (probe->ftp_argmap == NULL) {
957 					dtrace_probe(probe->ftp_id, rp->r_rdi,
958 					    rp->r_rsi, rp->r_rdx, rp->r_rcx,
959 					    rp->r_r8);
960 				} else {
961 					uintptr_t t[5];
962 
963 					fasttrap_usdt_args64(probe, rp,
964 					    sizeof (t) / sizeof (t[0]), t);
965 
966 					dtrace_probe(probe->ftp_id, t[0], t[1],
967 					    t[2], t[3], t[4]);
968 				}
969 			}
970 		} else {
971 			uintptr_t s0, s1, s2, s3, s4, s5;
972 			uint32_t *stack = (uint32_t *)rp->r_sp;
973 
974 			/*
975 			 * In 32-bit mode, all arguments are passed on the
976 			 * stack. If this is a function entry probe, we need
977 			 * to skip the first entry on the stack as it
978 			 * represents the return address rather than a
979 			 * parameter to the function.
980 			 */
981 			s0 = fasttrap_fuword32_noerr(&stack[0]);
982 			s1 = fasttrap_fuword32_noerr(&stack[1]);
983 			s2 = fasttrap_fuword32_noerr(&stack[2]);
984 			s3 = fasttrap_fuword32_noerr(&stack[3]);
985 			s4 = fasttrap_fuword32_noerr(&stack[4]);
986 			s5 = fasttrap_fuword32_noerr(&stack[5]);
987 
988 			for (id = tp->ftt_ids; id != NULL; id = id->fti_next) {
989 				fasttrap_probe_t *probe = id->fti_probe;
990 
991 				if (id->fti_ptype == DTFTP_ENTRY) {
992 					/*
993 					 * We note that this was an entry
994 					 * probe to help ustack() find the
995 					 * first caller.
996 					 */
997 					cookie = dtrace_interrupt_disable();
998 					DTRACE_CPUFLAG_SET(CPU_DTRACE_ENTRY);
999 					dtrace_probe(probe->ftp_id, s1, s2,
1000 					    s3, s4, s5);
1001 					DTRACE_CPUFLAG_CLEAR(CPU_DTRACE_ENTRY);
1002 					dtrace_interrupt_enable(cookie);
1003 				} else if (id->fti_ptype == DTFTP_IS_ENABLED) {
1004 					/*
1005 					 * Note that in this case, we don't
1006 					 * call dtrace_probe() since it's only
1007 					 * an artificial probe meant to change
1008 					 * the flow of control so that it
1009 					 * encounters the true probe.
1010 					 */
1011 					is_enabled = 1;
1012 				} else if (probe->ftp_argmap == NULL) {
1013 					dtrace_probe(probe->ftp_id, s0, s1,
1014 					    s2, s3, s4);
1015 				} else {
1016 					uint32_t t[5];
1017 
1018 					fasttrap_usdt_args32(probe, rp,
1019 					    sizeof (t) / sizeof (t[0]), t);
1020 
1021 					dtrace_probe(probe->ftp_id, t[0], t[1],
1022 					    t[2], t[3], t[4]);
1023 				}
1024 			}
1025 		}
1026 	}
1027 
1028 	/*
1029 	 * We're about to do a bunch of work so we cache a local copy of
1030 	 * the tracepoint to emulate the instruction, and then find the
1031 	 * tracepoint again later if we need to light up any return probes.
1032 	 */
1033 	tp_local = *tp;
1034 	mutex_exit(pid_mtx);
1035 	tp = &tp_local;
1036 
1037 	/*
1038 	 * Set the program counter to appear as though the traced instruction
1039 	 * had completely executed. This ensures that fasttrap_getreg() will
1040 	 * report the expected value for REG_RIP.
1041 	 */
1042 	rp->r_pc = pc + tp->ftt_size;
1043 
1044 	/*
1045 	 * If there's an is-enabled probe connected to this tracepoint it
1046 	 * means that there was a 'xorl %eax, %eax' or 'xorq %rax, %rax'
1047 	 * instruction that was placed there by DTrace when the binary was
1048 	 * linked. As this probe is, in fact, enabled, we need to stuff 1
1049 	 * into %eax or %rax. Accordingly, we can bypass all the instruction
1050 	 * emulation logic since we know the inevitable result. It's possible
1051 	 * that a user could construct a scenario where the 'is-enabled'
1052 	 * probe was on some other instruction, but that would be a rather
1053 	 * exotic way to shoot oneself in the foot.
1054 	 */
1055 	if (is_enabled) {
1056 		rp->r_r0 = 1;
1057 		new_pc = rp->r_pc;
1058 		goto done;
1059 	}
1060 
1061 	/*
1062 	 * We emulate certain types of instructions to ensure correctness
1063 	 * (in the case of position dependent instructions) or optimize
1064 	 * common cases. The rest we have the thread execute back in user-
1065 	 * land.
1066 	 */
1067 	switch (tp->ftt_type) {
1068 	case FASTTRAP_T_RET:
1069 	case FASTTRAP_T_RET16:
1070 	{
1071 		uintptr_t dst;
1072 		uintptr_t addr;
1073 		int ret;
1074 
1075 		/*
1076 		 * We have to emulate _every_ facet of the behavior of a ret
1077 		 * instruction including what happens if the load from %esp
1078 		 * fails; in that case, we send a SIGSEGV.
1079 		 */
1080 		if (p->p_model == DATAMODEL_NATIVE) {
1081 			ret = fasttrap_fulword((void *)rp->r_sp, &dst);
1082 			addr = rp->r_sp + sizeof (uintptr_t);
1083 		} else {
1084 			uint32_t dst32;
1085 			ret = fasttrap_fuword32((void *)rp->r_sp, &dst32);
1086 			dst = dst32;
1087 			addr = rp->r_sp + sizeof (uint32_t);
1088 		}
1089 
1090 		if (ret == -1) {
1091 			fasttrap_sigsegv(p, curthread, rp->r_sp);
1092 			new_pc = pc;
1093 			break;
1094 		}
1095 
1096 		if (tp->ftt_type == FASTTRAP_T_RET16)
1097 			addr += tp->ftt_dest;
1098 
1099 		rp->r_sp = addr;
1100 		new_pc = dst;
1101 		break;
1102 	}
1103 
1104 	case FASTTRAP_T_JCC:
1105 	{
1106 		uint_t taken;
1107 
1108 		switch (tp->ftt_code) {
1109 		case FASTTRAP_JO:
1110 			taken = (rp->r_ps & FASTTRAP_EFLAGS_OF) != 0;
1111 			break;
1112 		case FASTTRAP_JNO:
1113 			taken = (rp->r_ps & FASTTRAP_EFLAGS_OF) == 0;
1114 			break;
1115 		case FASTTRAP_JB:
1116 			taken = (rp->r_ps & FASTTRAP_EFLAGS_CF) != 0;
1117 			break;
1118 		case FASTTRAP_JAE:
1119 			taken = (rp->r_ps & FASTTRAP_EFLAGS_CF) == 0;
1120 			break;
1121 		case FASTTRAP_JE:
1122 			taken = (rp->r_ps & FASTTRAP_EFLAGS_ZF) != 0;
1123 			break;
1124 		case FASTTRAP_JNE:
1125 			taken = (rp->r_ps & FASTTRAP_EFLAGS_ZF) == 0;
1126 			break;
1127 		case FASTTRAP_JBE:
1128 			taken = (rp->r_ps & FASTTRAP_EFLAGS_CF) != 0 ||
1129 			    (rp->r_ps & FASTTRAP_EFLAGS_ZF) != 0;
1130 			break;
1131 		case FASTTRAP_JA:
1132 			taken = (rp->r_ps & FASTTRAP_EFLAGS_CF) == 0 &&
1133 			    (rp->r_ps & FASTTRAP_EFLAGS_ZF) == 0;
1134 			break;
1135 		case FASTTRAP_JS:
1136 			taken = (rp->r_ps & FASTTRAP_EFLAGS_SF) != 0;
1137 			break;
1138 		case FASTTRAP_JNS:
1139 			taken = (rp->r_ps & FASTTRAP_EFLAGS_SF) == 0;
1140 			break;
1141 		case FASTTRAP_JP:
1142 			taken = (rp->r_ps & FASTTRAP_EFLAGS_PF) != 0;
1143 			break;
1144 		case FASTTRAP_JNP:
1145 			taken = (rp->r_ps & FASTTRAP_EFLAGS_PF) == 0;
1146 			break;
1147 		case FASTTRAP_JL:
1148 			taken = ((rp->r_ps & FASTTRAP_EFLAGS_SF) == 0) !=
1149 			    ((rp->r_ps & FASTTRAP_EFLAGS_OF) == 0);
1150 			break;
1151 		case FASTTRAP_JGE:
1152 			taken = ((rp->r_ps & FASTTRAP_EFLAGS_SF) == 0) ==
1153 			    ((rp->r_ps & FASTTRAP_EFLAGS_OF) == 0);
1154 			break;
1155 		case FASTTRAP_JLE:
1156 			taken = (rp->r_ps & FASTTRAP_EFLAGS_ZF) != 0 ||
1157 			    ((rp->r_ps & FASTTRAP_EFLAGS_SF) == 0) !=
1158 			    ((rp->r_ps & FASTTRAP_EFLAGS_OF) == 0);
1159 			break;
1160 		case FASTTRAP_JG:
1161 			taken = (rp->r_ps & FASTTRAP_EFLAGS_ZF) == 0 &&
1162 			    ((rp->r_ps & FASTTRAP_EFLAGS_SF) == 0) ==
1163 			    ((rp->r_ps & FASTTRAP_EFLAGS_OF) == 0);
1164 			break;
1165 
1166 		}
1167 
1168 		if (taken)
1169 			new_pc = tp->ftt_dest;
1170 		else
1171 			new_pc = pc + tp->ftt_size;
1172 		break;
1173 	}
1174 
1175 	case FASTTRAP_T_LOOP:
1176 	{
1177 		uint_t taken;
1178 		greg_t cx = rp->r_rcx--;
1179 
1180 		switch (tp->ftt_code) {
1181 		case FASTTRAP_LOOPNZ:
1182 			taken = (rp->r_ps & FASTTRAP_EFLAGS_ZF) == 0 &&
1183 			    cx != 0;
1184 			break;
1185 		case FASTTRAP_LOOPZ:
1186 			taken = (rp->r_ps & FASTTRAP_EFLAGS_ZF) != 0 &&
1187 			    cx != 0;
1188 			break;
1189 		case FASTTRAP_LOOP:
1190 			taken = (cx != 0);
1191 			break;
1192 		}
1193 
1194 		if (taken)
1195 			new_pc = tp->ftt_dest;
1196 		else
1197 			new_pc = pc + tp->ftt_size;
1198 		break;
1199 	}
1200 
1201 	case FASTTRAP_T_JCXZ:
1202 	{
1203 		greg_t cx = rp->r_rcx;
1204 
1205 		if (cx == 0)
1206 			new_pc = tp->ftt_dest;
1207 		else
1208 			new_pc = pc + tp->ftt_size;
1209 		break;
1210 	}
1211 
1212 	case FASTTRAP_T_PUSHL_EBP:
1213 	{
1214 		int ret;
1215 		uintptr_t addr;
1216 		if (p->p_model == DATAMODEL_NATIVE) {
1217 			addr = rp->r_sp - sizeof (uintptr_t);
1218 			ret = fasttrap_sulword((void *)addr, rp->r_fp);
1219 		} else {
1220 			addr = rp->r_sp - sizeof (uint32_t);
1221 			ret = fasttrap_suword32((void *)addr,
1222 			    (uint32_t)rp->r_fp);
1223 		}
1224 
1225 		if (ret == -1) {
1226 			fasttrap_sigsegv(p, curthread, addr);
1227 			new_pc = pc;
1228 			break;
1229 		}
1230 
1231 		rp->r_sp = addr;
1232 		new_pc = pc + tp->ftt_size;
1233 		break;
1234 	}
1235 
1236 	case FASTTRAP_T_NOP:
1237 		new_pc = pc + tp->ftt_size;
1238 		break;
1239 
1240 	case FASTTRAP_T_JMP:
1241 	case FASTTRAP_T_CALL:
1242 		if (tp->ftt_code == 0) {
1243 			new_pc = tp->ftt_dest;
1244 		} else {
1245 			uintptr_t value, addr = tp->ftt_dest;
1246 
1247 			if (tp->ftt_base != FASTTRAP_NOREG)
1248 				addr += fasttrap_getreg(rp, tp->ftt_base);
1249 			if (tp->ftt_index != FASTTRAP_NOREG)
1250 				addr += fasttrap_getreg(rp, tp->ftt_index) <<
1251 				    tp->ftt_scale;
1252 
1253 			if (tp->ftt_code == 1) {
1254 				/*
1255 				 * If there's a segment prefix for this
1256 				 * instruction, we'll need to check permissions
1257 				 * and bounds on the given selector, and adjust
1258 				 * the address accordingly.
1259 				 */
1260 				if (tp->ftt_segment != FASTTRAP_SEG_NONE &&
1261 				    fasttrap_do_seg(tp, rp, &addr) != 0) {
1262 					fasttrap_sigsegv(p, curthread, addr);
1263 					new_pc = pc;
1264 					break;
1265 				}
1266 
1267 				if (p->p_model == DATAMODEL_NATIVE) {
1268 					if (fasttrap_fulword((void *)addr,
1269 					    &value) == -1) {
1270 						fasttrap_sigsegv(p, curthread,
1271 						    addr);
1272 						new_pc = pc;
1273 						break;
1274 					}
1275 					new_pc = value;
1276 				} else {
1277 					uint32_t value32;
1278 					addr = (uintptr_t)(uint32_t)addr;
1279 					if (fasttrap_fuword32((void *)addr,
1280 					    &value32) == -1) {
1281 						fasttrap_sigsegv(p, curthread,
1282 						    addr);
1283 						new_pc = pc;
1284 						break;
1285 					}
1286 					new_pc = value32;
1287 				}
1288 			} else {
1289 				new_pc = addr;
1290 			}
1291 		}
1292 
1293 		/*
1294 		 * If this is a call instruction, we need to push the return
1295 		 * address onto the stack. If this fails, we send the process
1296 		 * a SIGSEGV and reset the pc to emulate what would happen if
1297 		 * this instruction weren't traced.
1298 		 */
1299 		if (tp->ftt_type == FASTTRAP_T_CALL) {
1300 			int ret;
1301 			uintptr_t addr;
1302 			if (p->p_model == DATAMODEL_NATIVE) {
1303 				addr = rp->r_sp - sizeof (uintptr_t);
1304 				ret = fasttrap_sulword((void *)addr,
1305 				    pc + tp->ftt_size);
1306 			} else {
1307 				addr = rp->r_sp - sizeof (uint32_t);
1308 				ret = fasttrap_suword32((void *)addr,
1309 				    (uint32_t)(pc + tp->ftt_size));
1310 			}
1311 
1312 			if (ret == -1) {
1313 				fasttrap_sigsegv(p, curthread, addr);
1314 				new_pc = pc;
1315 				break;
1316 			}
1317 
1318 			rp->r_sp = addr;
1319 		}
1320 
1321 		break;
1322 
1323 	case FASTTRAP_T_COMMON:
1324 	{
1325 		uintptr_t addr;
1326 		uint8_t scratch[2 * FASTTRAP_MAX_INSTR_SIZE + 22];
1327 		uint_t i = 0;
1328 		klwp_t *lwp = ttolwp(curthread);
1329 
1330 		/*
1331 		 * Compute the address of the ulwp_t and step over the
1332 		 * ul_self pointer. The method used to store the user-land
1333 		 * thread pointer is very different on 32- and 64-bit
1334 		 * kernels.
1335 		 */
1336 		if (p->p_model == DATAMODEL_LP64) {
1337 			addr = lwp->lwp_pcb.pcb_fsbase;
1338 			addr += sizeof (void *);
1339 		} else {
1340 			addr = lwp->lwp_pcb.pcb_gsbase;
1341 			addr += sizeof (caddr32_t);
1342 		}
1343 
1344 		/*
1345 		 * Generic Instruction Tracing
1346 		 * ---------------------------
1347 		 *
1348 		 * This is the layout of the scratch space in the user-land
1349 		 * thread structure for our generated instructions.
1350 		 *
1351 		 *	32-bit mode			bytes
1352 		 *	------------------------	-----
1353 		 * a:	<original instruction>		<= 15
1354 		 *	jmp	<pc + tp->ftt_size>	    5
1355 		 * b:	<original instrction>		<= 15
1356 		 *	int	T_DTRACE_RET		    2
1357 		 *					-----
1358 		 *					<= 37
1359 		 *
1360 		 *	64-bit mode			bytes
1361 		 *	------------------------	-----
1362 		 * a:	<original instruction>		<= 15
1363 		 *	jmp	0(%rip)			    6
1364 		 *	<pc + tp->ftt_size>		    8
1365 		 * b:	<original instruction>		<= 15
1366 		 *	int	T_DTRACE_RET		    2
1367 		 *					-----
1368 		 *					<= 46
1369 		 *
1370 		 * The %pc is set to a, and curthread->t_dtrace_astpc is set
1371 		 * to b. If we encounter a signal on the way out of the
1372 		 * kernel, trap() will set %pc to curthread->t_dtrace_astpc
1373 		 * so that we execute the original instruction and re-enter
1374 		 * the kernel rather than redirecting to the next instruction.
1375 		 *
1376 		 * If there are return probes (so we know that we're going to
1377 		 * need to reenter the kernel after executing the original
1378 		 * instruction), the scratch space will just contain the
1379 		 * original instruction followed by an interrupt -- the same
1380 		 * data as at b.
1381 		 *
1382 		 * %rip-relative Addressing
1383 		 * ------------------------
1384 		 *
1385 		 * There's a further complication in 64-bit mode due to %rip-
1386 		 * relative addressing. While this is clearly a beneficial
1387 		 * architectural decision for position independent code, it's
1388 		 * hard not to see it as a personal attack against the pid
1389 		 * provider since before there was a relatively small set of
1390 		 * instructions to emulate; with %rip-relative addressing,
1391 		 * almost every instruction can potentially depend on the
1392 		 * address at which it's executed. Rather than emulating
1393 		 * the broad spectrum of instructions that can now be
1394 		 * position dependent, we emulate jumps and others as in
1395 		 * 32-bit mode, and take a different tack for instructions
1396 		 * using %rip-relative addressing.
1397 		 *
1398 		 * For every instruction that uses the ModRM byte, the
1399 		 * in-kernel disassembler reports its location. We use the
1400 		 * ModRM byte to identify that an instruction uses
1401 		 * %rip-relative addressing and to see what other registers
1402 		 * the instruction uses. To emulate those instructions,
1403 		 * we modify the instruction to be %rax-relative rather than
1404 		 * %rip-relative (or %rcx-relative if the instruction uses
1405 		 * %rax; or %r8- or %r9-relative if the REX.B is present so
1406 		 * we don't have to rewrite the REX prefix). We then load
1407 		 * the value that %rip would have been into the scratch
1408 		 * register and generate an instruction to reset the scratch
1409 		 * register back to its original value. The instruction
1410 		 * sequence looks like this:
1411 		 *
1412 		 *	64-mode %rip-relative		bytes
1413 		 *	------------------------	-----
1414 		 * a:	<modified instruction>		<= 15
1415 		 *	movq	$<value>, %<scratch>	    6
1416 		 *	jmp	0(%rip)			    6
1417 		 *	<pc + tp->ftt_size>		    8
1418 		 * b:	<modified instruction>		<= 15
1419 		 *	int	T_DTRACE_RET		    2
1420 		 *					-----
1421 		 *					   52
1422 		 *
1423 		 * We set curthread->t_dtrace_regv so that upon receiving
1424 		 * a signal we can reset the value of the scratch register.
1425 		 */
1426 
1427 		ASSERT(tp->ftt_size < FASTTRAP_MAX_INSTR_SIZE);
1428 
1429 		curthread->t_dtrace_scrpc = addr;
1430 		bcopy(tp->ftt_instr, &scratch[i], tp->ftt_size);
1431 		i += tp->ftt_size;
1432 
1433 		if (tp->ftt_ripmode != 0) {
1434 			greg_t *reg;
1435 
1436 			ASSERT(p->p_model == DATAMODEL_LP64);
1437 			ASSERT(tp->ftt_ripmode &
1438 			    (FASTTRAP_RIP_1 | FASTTRAP_RIP_2));
1439 
1440 			/*
1441 			 * If this was a %rip-relative instruction, we change
1442 			 * it to be either a %rax- or %rcx-relative
1443 			 * instruction (depending on whether those registers
1444 			 * are used as another operand; or %r8- or %r9-
1445 			 * relative depending on the value of REX.B). We then
1446 			 * set that register and generate a movq instruction
1447 			 * to reset the value.
1448 			 */
1449 			if (tp->ftt_ripmode & FASTTRAP_RIP_X)
1450 				scratch[i++] = FASTTRAP_REX(1, 0, 0, 1);
1451 			else
1452 				scratch[i++] = FASTTRAP_REX(1, 0, 0, 0);
1453 
1454 			if (tp->ftt_ripmode & FASTTRAP_RIP_1)
1455 				scratch[i++] = FASTTRAP_MOV_EAX;
1456 			else
1457 				scratch[i++] = FASTTRAP_MOV_ECX;
1458 
1459 			switch (tp->ftt_ripmode) {
1460 			case FASTTRAP_RIP_1:
1461 				reg = &rp->r_rax;
1462 				curthread->t_dtrace_reg = REG_RAX;
1463 				break;
1464 			case FASTTRAP_RIP_2:
1465 				reg = &rp->r_rcx;
1466 				curthread->t_dtrace_reg = REG_RCX;
1467 				break;
1468 			case FASTTRAP_RIP_1 | FASTTRAP_RIP_X:
1469 				reg = &rp->r_r8;
1470 				curthread->t_dtrace_reg = REG_R8;
1471 				break;
1472 			case FASTTRAP_RIP_2 | FASTTRAP_RIP_X:
1473 				reg = &rp->r_r9;
1474 				curthread->t_dtrace_reg = REG_R9;
1475 				break;
1476 			}
1477 
1478 			/* LINTED - alignment */
1479 			*(uint64_t *)&scratch[i] = *reg;
1480 			curthread->t_dtrace_regv = *reg;
1481 			*reg = pc + tp->ftt_size;
1482 			i += sizeof (uint64_t);
1483 		}
1484 
1485 		/*
1486 		 * Generate the branch instruction to what would have
1487 		 * normally been the subsequent instruction. In 32-bit mode,
1488 		 * this is just a relative branch; in 64-bit mode this is a
1489 		 * %rip-relative branch that loads the 64-bit pc value
1490 		 * immediately after the jmp instruction.
1491 		 */
1492 		if (p->p_model == DATAMODEL_LP64) {
1493 			scratch[i++] = FASTTRAP_GROUP5_OP;
1494 			scratch[i++] = FASTTRAP_MODRM(0, 4, 5);
1495 			/* LINTED - alignment */
1496 			*(uint32_t *)&scratch[i] = 0;
1497 			i += sizeof (uint32_t);
1498 			/* LINTED - alignment */
1499 			*(uint64_t *)&scratch[i] = pc + tp->ftt_size;
1500 			i += sizeof (uint64_t);
1501 		} else {
1502 			/*
1503 			 * Set up the jmp to the next instruction; note that
1504 			 * the size of the traced instruction cancels out.
1505 			 */
1506 			scratch[i++] = FASTTRAP_JMP32;
1507 			/* LINTED - alignment */
1508 			*(uint32_t *)&scratch[i] = pc - addr - 5;
1509 			i += sizeof (uint32_t);
1510 		}
1511 
1512 		curthread->t_dtrace_astpc = addr + i;
1513 		bcopy(tp->ftt_instr, &scratch[i], tp->ftt_size);
1514 		i += tp->ftt_size;
1515 		scratch[i++] = FASTTRAP_INT;
1516 		scratch[i++] = T_DTRACE_RET;
1517 
1518 		ASSERT(i <= sizeof (scratch));
1519 
1520 		if (fasttrap_copyout(scratch, (char *)addr, i)) {
1521 			fasttrap_sigtrap(p, curthread, pc);
1522 			new_pc = pc;
1523 			break;
1524 		}
1525 
1526 		if (tp->ftt_retids != NULL) {
1527 			curthread->t_dtrace_step = 1;
1528 			curthread->t_dtrace_ret = 1;
1529 			new_pc = curthread->t_dtrace_astpc;
1530 		} else {
1531 			new_pc = curthread->t_dtrace_scrpc;
1532 		}
1533 
1534 		curthread->t_dtrace_pc = pc;
1535 		curthread->t_dtrace_npc = pc + tp->ftt_size;
1536 		curthread->t_dtrace_on = 1;
1537 		break;
1538 	}
1539 
1540 	default:
1541 		panic("fasttrap: mishandled an instruction");
1542 	}
1543 
1544 done:
1545 	/*
1546 	 * If there were no return probes when we first found the tracepoint,
1547 	 * we should feel no obligation to honor any return probes that were
1548 	 * subsequently enabled -- they'll just have to wait until the next
1549 	 * time around.
1550 	 */
1551 	if (tp->ftt_retids != NULL) {
1552 		/*
1553 		 * We need to wait until the results of the instruction are
1554 		 * apparent before invoking any return probes. If this
1555 		 * instruction was emulated we can just call
1556 		 * fasttrap_return_common(); if it needs to be executed, we
1557 		 * need to wait until the user thread returns to the kernel.
1558 		 */
1559 		if (tp->ftt_type != FASTTRAP_T_COMMON) {
1560 			/*
1561 			 * Set the program counter to the address of the traced
1562 			 * instruction so that it looks right in ustack()
1563 			 * output. We had previously set it to the end of the
1564 			 * instruction to simplify %rip-relative addressing.
1565 			 */
1566 			rp->r_pc = pc;
1567 
1568 			fasttrap_return_common(rp, pc, pid, new_pc);
1569 		} else {
1570 			ASSERT(curthread->t_dtrace_ret != 0);
1571 			ASSERT(curthread->t_dtrace_pc == pc);
1572 			ASSERT(curthread->t_dtrace_scrpc != 0);
1573 			ASSERT(new_pc == curthread->t_dtrace_astpc);
1574 		}
1575 	}
1576 
1577 	rp->r_pc = new_pc;
1578 
1579 	return (0);
1580 }
1581 
1582 int
1583 fasttrap_return_probe(struct regs *rp)
1584 {
1585 	proc_t *p = curproc;
1586 	uintptr_t pc = curthread->t_dtrace_pc;
1587 	uintptr_t npc = curthread->t_dtrace_npc;
1588 
1589 	curthread->t_dtrace_pc = 0;
1590 	curthread->t_dtrace_npc = 0;
1591 	curthread->t_dtrace_scrpc = 0;
1592 	curthread->t_dtrace_astpc = 0;
1593 
1594 	/*
1595 	 * Treat a child created by a call to vfork(2) as if it were its
1596 	 * parent. We know that there's only one thread of control in such a
1597 	 * process: this one.
1598 	 */
1599 	while (p->p_flag & SVFORK) {
1600 		p = p->p_parent;
1601 	}
1602 
1603 	/*
1604 	 * We set rp->r_pc to the address of the traced instruction so
1605 	 * that it appears to dtrace_probe() that we're on the original
1606 	 * instruction, and so that the user can't easily detect our
1607 	 * complex web of lies. dtrace_return_probe() (our caller)
1608 	 * will correctly set %pc after we return.
1609 	 */
1610 	rp->r_pc = pc;
1611 
1612 	fasttrap_return_common(rp, pc, p->p_pid, npc);
1613 
1614 	return (0);
1615 }
1616 
1617 /*ARGSUSED*/
1618 uint64_t
1619 fasttrap_pid_getarg(void *arg, dtrace_id_t id, void *parg, int argno,
1620     int aframes)
1621 {
1622 	return (fasttrap_anarg(ttolwp(curthread)->lwp_regs, 1, argno));
1623 }
1624 
1625 /*ARGSUSED*/
1626 uint64_t
1627 fasttrap_usdt_getarg(void *arg, dtrace_id_t id, void *parg, int argno,
1628     int aframes)
1629 {
1630 	return (fasttrap_anarg(ttolwp(curthread)->lwp_regs, 0, argno));
1631 }
1632 
1633 static ulong_t
1634 fasttrap_getreg(struct regs *rp, uint_t reg)
1635 {
1636 	switch (reg) {
1637 	case REG_R15:		return (rp->r_r15);
1638 	case REG_R14:		return (rp->r_r14);
1639 	case REG_R13:		return (rp->r_r13);
1640 	case REG_R12:		return (rp->r_r12);
1641 	case REG_R11:		return (rp->r_r11);
1642 	case REG_R10:		return (rp->r_r10);
1643 	case REG_R9:		return (rp->r_r9);
1644 	case REG_R8:		return (rp->r_r8);
1645 	case REG_RDI:		return (rp->r_rdi);
1646 	case REG_RSI:		return (rp->r_rsi);
1647 	case REG_RBP:		return (rp->r_rbp);
1648 	case REG_RBX:		return (rp->r_rbx);
1649 	case REG_RDX:		return (rp->r_rdx);
1650 	case REG_RCX:		return (rp->r_rcx);
1651 	case REG_RAX:		return (rp->r_rax);
1652 	case REG_TRAPNO:	return (rp->r_trapno);
1653 	case REG_ERR:		return (rp->r_err);
1654 	case REG_RIP:		return (rp->r_rip);
1655 	case REG_CS:		return (rp->r_cs);
1656 	case REG_RFL:		return (rp->r_rfl);
1657 	case REG_RSP:		return (rp->r_rsp);
1658 	case REG_SS:		return (rp->r_ss);
1659 	case REG_FS:		return (rp->r_fs);
1660 	case REG_GS:		return (rp->r_gs);
1661 	case REG_DS:		return (rp->r_ds);
1662 	case REG_ES:		return (rp->r_es);
1663 	case REG_FSBASE:	return (rdmsr(MSR_AMD_FSBASE));
1664 	case REG_GSBASE:	return (rdmsr(MSR_AMD_GSBASE));
1665 	}
1666 
1667 	panic("dtrace: illegal register constant");
1668 	/*NOTREACHED*/
1669 }
1670