1*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.\" $Id: mandoc_char.7,v 1.78 2020/10/31 11:45:16 schwarze Exp $ 2*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.\" 3*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.\" Copyright (c) 2003 Jason McIntyre <jmc@openbsd.org> 4*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.\" Copyright (c) 2009, 2010, 2011 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@bsd.lv> 5*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.\" Copyright (c) 2011,2013,2015,2017-2020 Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@openbsd.org> 6*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.\" 7*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any 8*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above 9*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies. 10*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.\" 11*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES 12*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.\" WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF 13*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR 14*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.\" ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES 15*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.\" WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN 16*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF 17*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. 18*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.\" 19*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Dd $Mdocdate: October 31 2020 $ 20*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Dt MANDOC_CHAR 7 21*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Os 22*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Sh NAME 23*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Nm mandoc_char 24*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Nd mandoc special characters 25*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Sh DESCRIPTION 26*bbf21555SRichard LoweThis page documents the 27*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Xr mandoc_roff 7 28*bbf21555SRichard Loweescape sequences accepted by 29*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Xr mandoc 1 30*bbf21555SRichard Loweto represent special characters in 31*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Xr mdoc 7 32*bbf21555SRichard Loweand 33*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Xr man 7 34*bbf21555SRichard Lowedocuments. 35*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Pp 36*bbf21555SRichard LoweThe rendering depends on the 37*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Xr mandoc 1 38*bbf21555SRichard Loweoutput mode; it can be inspected by calling 39*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Xr man 1 40*bbf21555SRichard Loweon the 41*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Nm 42*bbf21555SRichard Lowemanual page with different 43*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Fl T 44*bbf21555SRichard Lowearguments. 45*bbf21555SRichard LoweIn ASCII output, the rendering of some characters may be hard 46*bbf21555SRichard Loweto interpret for the reader. 47*bbf21555SRichard LoweMany are rendered as descriptive strings like 48*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Qq <integral> , 49*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Qq <degree> , 50*bbf21555SRichard Loweor 51*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Qq <Gamma> , 52*bbf21555SRichard Lowewhich may look ugly, and many are replaced by similar ASCII characters. 53*bbf21555SRichard LoweIn particular, accented characters are usually shown without the accent. 54*bbf21555SRichard LoweFor that reason, try to avoid using any of the special characters 55*bbf21555SRichard Lowedocumented here except those discussed in the 56*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Sx DESCRIPTION , 57*bbf21555SRichard Loweunless they are essential for explaining the subject matter at hand, 58*bbf21555SRichard Lowefor example when documenting complicated mathematical functions. 59*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Pp 60*bbf21555SRichard LoweIn particular, in English manual pages, do not use special-character 61*bbf21555SRichard Loweescape sequences to represent national language characters in author 62*bbf21555SRichard Lowenames; instead, provide ASCII transcriptions of the names. 63*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Ss Dashes and Hyphens 64*bbf21555SRichard LoweIn typography there are different types of dashes of various width: 65*bbf21555SRichard Lowethe hyphen (\(hy), 66*bbf21555SRichard Lowethe en-dash (\(en), 67*bbf21555SRichard Lowethe em-dash (\(em), 68*bbf21555SRichard Loweand the mathematical minus sign (\(mi). 69*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Pp 70*bbf21555SRichard LoweHyphens are used for adjectives; 71*bbf21555SRichard Loweto separate the two parts of a compound word; 72*bbf21555SRichard Loweor to separate a word across two successive lines of text. 73*bbf21555SRichard LoweThe hyphen does not need to be escaped: 74*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Bd -unfilled -offset indent 75*bbf21555SRichard Loweblue-eyed 76*bbf21555SRichard Lowelorry-driver 77*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Ed 78*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Pp 79*bbf21555SRichard LoweThe en-dash is used to separate the two elements of a range, 80*bbf21555SRichard Loweor can be used the same way as an em-dash. 81*bbf21555SRichard LoweIt should be written as 82*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Sq \e(en : 83*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Bd -unfilled -offset indent 84*bbf21555SRichard Lowepp. 95\e(en97. 85*bbf21555SRichard LoweGo away \e(en or else! 86*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Ed 87*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Pp 88*bbf21555SRichard LoweThe em-dash can be used to show an interruption 89*bbf21555SRichard Loweor can be used the same way as colons, semi-colons, or parentheses. 90*bbf21555SRichard LoweIt should be written as 91*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Sq \e(em : 92*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Bd -unfilled -offset indent 93*bbf21555SRichard LoweThree things \e(em apples, oranges, and bananas. 94*bbf21555SRichard LoweThis is not that \e(em rather, this is that. 95*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Ed 96*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Pp 97*bbf21555SRichard LoweIn 98*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Xr mandoc_roff 7 99*bbf21555SRichard Lowedocuments, the minus sign is normally written as 100*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Sq \e- . 101*bbf21555SRichard LoweIn manual pages, some style guides recommend to also use 102*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Sq \e- 103*bbf21555SRichard Loweif an ASCII 0x2d 104*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Dq hyphen-minus 105*bbf21555SRichard Loweoutput glyph that can be copied and pasted is desired in output modes 106*bbf21555SRichard Lowesupporting it, for example in 107*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Fl T Cm utf8 108*bbf21555SRichard Loweand 109*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Fl T Cm html . 110*bbf21555SRichard LoweBut currently, no practically relevant manual page formatter requires 111*bbf21555SRichard Lowethat subtlety, so in manual pages, it is sufficient to write plain 112*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Sq - 113*bbf21555SRichard Loweto represent hyphen, minus, and hyphen-minus. 114*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Pp 115*bbf21555SRichard LoweIf a word on a text input line contains a hyphen, a formatter may decide 116*bbf21555SRichard Loweto insert an output line break after the hyphen if that helps filling 117*bbf21555SRichard Lowethe current output line, but the whole word would overflow the line. 118*bbf21555SRichard LoweIf it is important that the word is not broken across lines in this 119*bbf21555SRichard Loweway, a zero-width space 120*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Pq Sq \e& 121*bbf21555SRichard Lowecan be inserted before or after the hyphen. 122*bbf21555SRichard LoweWhile 123*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Xr mandoc 1 124*bbf21555SRichard Lowenever breaks the output line after hyphens adjacent to a zero-width 125*bbf21555SRichard Lowespace, after any of the other dash- or hyphen-like characters 126*bbf21555SRichard Lowerepresented by escape sequences, or after hyphens inside words in 127*bbf21555SRichard Lowemacro arguments, other software may not respect these rules and may 128*bbf21555SRichard Lowebreak the line even in such cases. 129*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Pp 130*bbf21555SRichard LoweSome 131*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Xr mandoc_roff 7 132*bbf21555SRichard Loweimplementations contains dictionaries allowing to break the line 133*bbf21555SRichard Loweat syllable boundaries even inside words that contain no hyphens. 134*bbf21555SRichard LoweSuch automatic hyphenation is not supported by 135*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Xr mandoc 1 , 136*bbf21555SRichard Lowewhich only breaks the line at whitespace, and inside words only 137*bbf21555SRichard Loweafter existing hyphens. 138*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Ss Spaces 139*bbf21555SRichard LoweTo separate words in normal text, for indenting and alignment 140*bbf21555SRichard Lowein literal context, and when none of the following special cases apply, 141*bbf21555SRichard Lowejust use the normal space character 142*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Pq Sq \ . 143*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Pp 144*bbf21555SRichard LoweWhen filling text, output lines may be broken between words, i.e. at space 145*bbf21555SRichard Lowecharacters. 146*bbf21555SRichard LoweTo prevent a line break between two particular words, 147*bbf21555SRichard Loweuse the unpaddable non-breaking space escape sequence 148*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Pq Sq \e\ \& 149*bbf21555SRichard Loweinstead of the normal space character. 150*bbf21555SRichard LoweFor example, the input string 151*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Dq number\e\ 1 152*bbf21555SRichard Lowewill be kept together as 153*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Dq number\ 1 154*bbf21555SRichard Loweon the same output line. 155*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Pp 156*bbf21555SRichard LoweOn request and macro lines, the normal space character serves as an 157*bbf21555SRichard Loweargument delimiter. 158*bbf21555SRichard LoweTo include whitespace into arguments, quoting is usually the best choice; 159*bbf21555SRichard Lowesee the MACRO SYNTAX section in 160*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Xr mandoc_roff 7 . 161*bbf21555SRichard LoweIn some cases, using the non-breaking space escape sequence 162*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Pq Sq \e\ \& 163*bbf21555SRichard Lowemay be preferable. 164*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Pp 165*bbf21555SRichard LoweTo escape macro names and to protect whitespace at the end 166*bbf21555SRichard Loweof input lines, the zero-width space 167*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Pq Sq \e& 168*bbf21555SRichard Loweis often useful. 169*bbf21555SRichard LoweFor example, in 170*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Xr mdoc 7 , 171*bbf21555SRichard Lowea normal space character can be displayed in single quotes in either 172*bbf21555SRichard Loweof the following ways: 173*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Pp 174*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Dl .Sq \(dq \(dq 175*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Dl .Sq \e \e& 176*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Ss Quotes 177*bbf21555SRichard LoweOn request and macro lines, the double-quote character 178*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Pq Sq \(dq 179*bbf21555SRichard Loweis handled specially to allow quoting. 180*bbf21555SRichard LoweOne way to prevent this special handling is by using the 181*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Sq \e(dq 182*bbf21555SRichard Loweescape sequence. 183*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Pp 184*bbf21555SRichard LoweNote that on text lines, literal double-quote characters can be used 185*bbf21555SRichard Loweverbatim. 186*bbf21555SRichard LoweAll other quote-like characters can be used verbatim as well, 187*bbf21555SRichard Loweeven on request and macro lines. 188*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Ss Accents 189*bbf21555SRichard LoweIn output modes supporting such special output characters, for example 190*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Fl T Cm pdf , 191*bbf21555SRichard Loweand sometimes less consistently in 192*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Fl T Cm utf8 , 193*bbf21555SRichard Lowesome 194*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Xr mandoc_roff 7 195*bbf21555SRichard Loweformatters convert the following ASCII input characters to the 196*bbf21555SRichard Lowefollowing Unicode special output characters: 197*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Bl -column x(ga U+2018 -offset indent 198*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \(ga Ta U+2018 Ta left single quotation mark 199*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \(aq Ta U+2019 Ta right single quotation mark 200*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \(ti Ta U+02DC Ta small tilde 201*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \(ha Ta U+02C6 Ta modifier letter circumflex 202*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.El 203*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Pp 204*bbf21555SRichard LoweIn prose, this automatic substitution is often desirable; 205*bbf21555SRichard Lowebut when these characters have to be displayed as plain ASCII 206*bbf21555SRichard Lowecharacters, for example in source code samples, they require 207*bbf21555SRichard Loweescaping to render as follows: 208*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Bl -column x(ga U+2018 -offset indent 209*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(ga Ta U+0060 Ta grave accent 210*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(aq Ta U+0027 Ta apostrophe 211*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(ti Ta U+007E Ta tilde 212*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(ha Ta U+005E Ta circumflex accent 213*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.El 214*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Ss Periods 215*bbf21555SRichard LoweThe period 216*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Pq Sq \&. 217*bbf21555SRichard Loweis handled specially at the beginning of an input line, 218*bbf21555SRichard Lowewhere it introduces a 219*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Xr mandoc_roff 7 220*bbf21555SRichard Lowerequest or a macro, and when appearing alone as a macro argument in 221*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Xr mdoc 7 . 222*bbf21555SRichard LoweIn such situations, prepend a zero-width space 223*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Pq Sq \e&. 224*bbf21555SRichard Loweto make it behave like normal text. 225*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Pp 226*bbf21555SRichard LoweDo not use the 227*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Sq \e. 228*bbf21555SRichard Loweescape sequence. 229*bbf21555SRichard LoweIt does not prevent special handling of the period. 230*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Ss Backslashes 231*bbf21555SRichard LoweTo include a literal backslash 232*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Pq Sq \e 233*bbf21555SRichard Loweinto the output, use the 234*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Pq Sq \ee 235*bbf21555SRichard Loweescape sequence. 236*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Pp 237*bbf21555SRichard LoweNote that doubling it 238*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Pq Sq \e\e 239*bbf21555SRichard Loweis not the right way to output a backslash. 240*bbf21555SRichard LoweBecause 241*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Xr mandoc 1 242*bbf21555SRichard Lowedoes not implement full 243*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Xr mandoc_roff 7 244*bbf21555SRichard Lowefunctionality, it may work with 245*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Xr mandoc 1 , 246*bbf21555SRichard Lowebut it may have weird effects on complete 247*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Xr mandoc_roff 7 248*bbf21555SRichard Loweimplementations. 249*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Sh SPECIAL CHARACTERS 250*bbf21555SRichard LoweSpecial characters are encoded as 251*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Sq \eX 252*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Pq for a one-character escape , 253*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Sq \e(XX 254*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Pq two-character , 255*bbf21555SRichard Loweand 256*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Sq \e[N] 257*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Pq N-character . 258*bbf21555SRichard LoweFor details, see the 259*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Em Special Characters 260*bbf21555SRichard Lowesubsection of the 261*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Xr mandoc_roff 7 262*bbf21555SRichard Lowemanual. 263*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Pp 264*bbf21555SRichard LoweSpaces, non-breaking unless stated otherwise: 265*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Bl -column "Input" "Description" -offset indent -compact 266*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It Em Input Ta Em Description 267*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It Sq \e\ \& Ta unpaddable space 268*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e\(ti Ta paddable space 269*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e0 Ta digit-width space 270*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e| Ta one-sixth \e(em narrow space, zero width in nroff mode 271*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e^ Ta one-twelfth \e(em half-narrow space, zero width in nroff 272*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e& Ta zero-width space 273*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e) Ta zero-width space transparent to end-of-sentence detection 274*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e% Ta zero-width space allowing hyphenation 275*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e: Ta zero-width space allowing line break 276*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.El 277*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Pp 278*bbf21555SRichard LoweLines: 279*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact 280*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description 281*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(ba Ta \(ba Ta bar 282*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(br Ta \(br Ta box rule 283*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(ul Ta \(ul Ta underscore 284*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(ru Ta \(ru Ta underscore (width 0.5m) 285*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(rn Ta \(rn Ta overline 286*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(bb Ta \(bb Ta broken bar 287*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(sl Ta \(sl Ta forward slash 288*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(rs Ta \(rs Ta backward slash 289*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.El 290*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Pp 291*bbf21555SRichard LoweText markers: 292*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact 293*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description 294*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(ci Ta \(ci Ta circle 295*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(bu Ta \(bu Ta bullet 296*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(dd Ta \(dd Ta double dagger 297*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(dg Ta \(dg Ta dagger 298*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(lz Ta \(lz Ta lozenge 299*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(sq Ta \(sq Ta white square 300*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(ps Ta \(ps Ta paragraph 301*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(sc Ta \(sc Ta section 302*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(lh Ta \(lh Ta left hand 303*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(rh Ta \(rh Ta right hand 304*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(at Ta \(at Ta at 305*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(sh Ta \(sh Ta hash (pound) 306*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(CR Ta \(CR Ta carriage return 307*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(OK Ta \(OK Ta check mark 308*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(CL Ta \(CL Ta club suit 309*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(SP Ta \(SP Ta spade suit 310*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(HE Ta \(HE Ta heart suit 311*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(DI Ta \(DI Ta diamond suit 312*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.El 313*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Pp 314*bbf21555SRichard LoweLegal symbols: 315*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact 316*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description 317*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(co Ta \(co Ta copyright 318*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(rg Ta \(rg Ta registered 319*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(tm Ta \(tm Ta trademarked 320*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.El 321*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Pp 322*bbf21555SRichard LowePunctuation: 323*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact 324*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description 325*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(em Ta \(em Ta em-dash 326*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(en Ta \(en Ta en-dash 327*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(hy Ta \(hy Ta hyphen 328*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \ee Ta \e Ta back-slash 329*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e. Ta \. Ta period 330*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(r! Ta \(r! Ta upside-down exclamation 331*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(r? Ta \(r? Ta upside-down question 332*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.El 333*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Pp 334*bbf21555SRichard LoweQuotes: 335*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact 336*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description 337*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(Bq Ta \(Bq Ta right low double-quote 338*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(bq Ta \(bq Ta right low single-quote 339*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(lq Ta \(lq Ta left double-quote 340*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(rq Ta \(rq Ta right double-quote 341*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(oq Ta \(oq Ta left single-quote 342*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(cq Ta \(cq Ta right single-quote 343*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(aq Ta \(aq Ta apostrophe quote (ASCII character) 344*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(dq Ta \(dq Ta double quote (ASCII character) 345*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(Fo Ta \(Fo Ta left guillemet 346*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(Fc Ta \(Fc Ta right guillemet 347*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(fo Ta \(fo Ta left single guillemet 348*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(fc Ta \(fc Ta right single guillemet 349*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.El 350*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Pp 351*bbf21555SRichard LoweBrackets: 352*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Bl -column "xxbracketrightbtx" Rendered Description -offset indent -compact 353*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description 354*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(lB Ta \(lB Ta left bracket 355*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(rB Ta \(rB Ta right bracket 356*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(lC Ta \(lC Ta left brace 357*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(rC Ta \(rC Ta right brace 358*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(la Ta \(la Ta left angle 359*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(ra Ta \(ra Ta right angle 360*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(bv Ta \(bv Ta brace extension (special font) 361*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e[braceex] Ta \[braceex] Ta brace extension 362*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e[bracketlefttp] Ta \[bracketlefttp] Ta top-left hooked bracket 363*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e[bracketleftbt] Ta \[bracketleftbt] Ta bottom-left hooked bracket 364*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e[bracketleftex] Ta \[bracketleftex] Ta left hooked bracket extension 365*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e[bracketrighttp] Ta \[bracketrighttp] Ta top-right hooked bracket 366*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e[bracketrightbt] Ta \[bracketrightbt] Ta bottom-right hooked bracket 367*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e[bracketrightex] Ta \[bracketrightex] Ta right hooked bracket extension 368*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(lt Ta \(lt Ta top-left hooked brace 369*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e[bracelefttp] Ta \[bracelefttp] Ta top-left hooked brace 370*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(lk Ta \(lk Ta mid-left hooked brace 371*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e[braceleftmid] Ta \[braceleftmid] Ta mid-left hooked brace 372*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(lb Ta \(lb Ta bottom-left hooked brace 373*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e[braceleftbt] Ta \[braceleftbt] Ta bottom-left hooked brace 374*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e[braceleftex] Ta \[braceleftex] Ta left hooked brace extension 375*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(rt Ta \(rt Ta top-left hooked brace 376*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e[bracerighttp] Ta \[bracerighttp] Ta top-right hooked brace 377*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(rk Ta \(rk Ta mid-right hooked brace 378*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e[bracerightmid] Ta \[bracerightmid] Ta mid-right hooked brace 379*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(rb Ta \(rb Ta bottom-right hooked brace 380*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e[bracerightbt] Ta \[bracerightbt] Ta bottom-right hooked brace 381*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e[bracerightex] Ta \[bracerightex] Ta right hooked brace extension 382*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e[parenlefttp] Ta \[parenlefttp] Ta top-left hooked parenthesis 383*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e[parenleftbt] Ta \[parenleftbt] Ta bottom-left hooked parenthesis 384*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e[parenleftex] Ta \[parenleftex] Ta left hooked parenthesis extension 385*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e[parenrighttp] Ta \[parenrighttp] Ta top-right hooked parenthesis 386*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e[parenrightbt] Ta \[parenrightbt] Ta bottom-right hooked parenthesis 387*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e[parenrightex] Ta \[parenrightex] Ta right hooked parenthesis extension 388*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.El 389*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Pp 390*bbf21555SRichard LoweArrows: 391*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact 392*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description 393*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(<- Ta \(<- Ta left arrow 394*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(-> Ta \(-> Ta right arrow 395*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(<> Ta \(<> Ta left-right arrow 396*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(da Ta \(da Ta down arrow 397*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(ua Ta \(ua Ta up arrow 398*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(va Ta \(va Ta up-down arrow 399*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(lA Ta \(lA Ta left double-arrow 400*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(rA Ta \(rA Ta right double-arrow 401*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(hA Ta \(hA Ta left-right double-arrow 402*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(uA Ta \(uA Ta up double-arrow 403*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(dA Ta \(dA Ta down double-arrow 404*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(vA Ta \(vA Ta up-down double-arrow 405*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(an Ta \(an Ta horizontal arrow extension 406*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.El 407*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Pp 408*bbf21555SRichard LoweLogical: 409*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact 410*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description 411*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(AN Ta \(AN Ta logical and 412*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(OR Ta \(OR Ta logical or 413*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e[tno] Ta \[tno] Ta logical not (text font) 414*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(no Ta \(no Ta logical not (special font) 415*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(te Ta \(te Ta existential quantifier 416*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(fa Ta \(fa Ta universal quantifier 417*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(st Ta \(st Ta such that 418*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(tf Ta \(tf Ta therefore 419*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(3d Ta \(3d Ta therefore 420*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(or Ta \(or Ta bitwise or 421*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.El 422*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Pp 423*bbf21555SRichard LoweMathematical: 424*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Bl -column "xxcoproductxx" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact 425*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description 426*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e- Ta \- Ta minus (text font) 427*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(mi Ta \(mi Ta minus (special font) 428*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It + Ta + Ta plus (text font) 429*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(pl Ta \(pl Ta plus (special font) 430*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(-+ Ta \(-+ Ta minus-plus 431*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e[t+-] Ta \[t+-] Ta plus-minus (text font) 432*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(+- Ta \(+- Ta plus-minus (special font) 433*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(pc Ta \(pc Ta center-dot 434*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e[tmu] Ta \[tmu] Ta multiply (text font) 435*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(mu Ta \(mu Ta multiply (special font) 436*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(c* Ta \(c* Ta circle-multiply 437*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(c+ Ta \(c+ Ta circle-plus 438*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e[tdi] Ta \[tdi] Ta divide (text font) 439*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(di Ta \(di Ta divide (special font) 440*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(f/ Ta \(f/ Ta fraction 441*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(** Ta \(** Ta asterisk 442*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(<= Ta \(<= Ta less-than-equal 443*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(>= Ta \(>= Ta greater-than-equal 444*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(<< Ta \(<< Ta much less 445*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(>> Ta \(>> Ta much greater 446*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(eq Ta \(eq Ta equal 447*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(!= Ta \(!= Ta not equal 448*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(== Ta \(== Ta equivalent 449*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(ne Ta \(ne Ta not equivalent 450*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(ap Ta \(ap Ta tilde operator 451*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(|= Ta \(|= Ta asymptotically equal 452*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(=\(ti Ta \(=~ Ta approximately equal 453*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(\(ti\(ti Ta \(~~ Ta almost equal 454*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(\(ti= Ta \(~= Ta almost equal 455*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(pt Ta \(pt Ta proportionate 456*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(es Ta \(es Ta empty set 457*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(mo Ta \(mo Ta element 458*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(nm Ta \(nm Ta not element 459*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(sb Ta \(sb Ta proper subset 460*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(nb Ta \(nb Ta not subset 461*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(sp Ta \(sp Ta proper superset 462*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(nc Ta \(nc Ta not superset 463*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(ib Ta \(ib Ta reflexive subset 464*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(ip Ta \(ip Ta reflexive superset 465*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(ca Ta \(ca Ta intersection 466*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(cu Ta \(cu Ta union 467*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(/_ Ta \(/_ Ta angle 468*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(pp Ta \(pp Ta perpendicular 469*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(is Ta \(is Ta integral 470*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e[integral] Ta \[integral] Ta integral 471*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e[sum] Ta \[sum] Ta summation 472*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e[product] Ta \[product] Ta product 473*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e[coproduct] Ta \[coproduct] Ta coproduct 474*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(gr Ta \(gr Ta gradient 475*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(sr Ta \(sr Ta square root 476*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e[sqrt] Ta \[sqrt] Ta square root 477*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(lc Ta \(lc Ta left-ceiling 478*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(rc Ta \(rc Ta right-ceiling 479*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(lf Ta \(lf Ta left-floor 480*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(rf Ta \(rf Ta right-floor 481*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(if Ta \(if Ta infinity 482*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(Ah Ta \(Ah Ta aleph 483*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(Im Ta \(Im Ta imaginary 484*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(Re Ta \(Re Ta real 485*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(wp Ta \(wp Ta Weierstrass p 486*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(pd Ta \(pd Ta partial differential 487*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(-h Ta \(-h Ta Planck constant over 2\(*p 488*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e[hbar] Ta \[hbar] Ta Planck constant over 2\(*p 489*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(12 Ta \(12 Ta one-half 490*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(14 Ta \(14 Ta one-fourth 491*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(34 Ta \(34 Ta three-fourths 492*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(18 Ta \(18 Ta one-eighth 493*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(38 Ta \(38 Ta three-eighths 494*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(58 Ta \(58 Ta five-eighths 495*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(78 Ta \(78 Ta seven-eighths 496*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(S1 Ta \(S1 Ta superscript 1 497*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(S2 Ta \(S2 Ta superscript 2 498*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(S3 Ta \(S3 Ta superscript 3 499*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.El 500*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Pp 501*bbf21555SRichard LoweLigatures: 502*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact 503*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description 504*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(ff Ta \(ff Ta ff ligature 505*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(fi Ta \(fi Ta fi ligature 506*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(fl Ta \(fl Ta fl ligature 507*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(Fi Ta \(Fi Ta ffi ligature 508*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(Fl Ta \(Fl Ta ffl ligature 509*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(AE Ta \(AE Ta AE 510*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(ae Ta \(ae Ta ae 511*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(OE Ta \(OE Ta OE 512*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(oe Ta \(oe Ta oe 513*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(ss Ta \(ss Ta German eszett 514*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(IJ Ta \(IJ Ta IJ ligature 515*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(ij Ta \(ij Ta ij ligature 516*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.El 517*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Pp 518*bbf21555SRichard LoweAccents: 519*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact 520*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description 521*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(a" Ta \(a" Ta Hungarian umlaut 522*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(a- Ta \(a- Ta macron 523*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(a. Ta \(a. Ta dotted 524*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(a^ Ta \(a^ Ta circumflex 525*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(aa Ta \(aa Ta acute 526*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e\(aq Ta \' Ta acute 527*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(ga Ta \(ga Ta grave 528*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e\(ga Ta \` Ta grave 529*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(ab Ta \(ab Ta breve 530*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(ac Ta \(ac Ta cedilla 531*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(ad Ta \(ad Ta dieresis 532*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(ah Ta \(ah Ta caron 533*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(ao Ta \(ao Ta ring 534*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(a\(ti Ta \(a~ Ta tilde 535*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(ho Ta \(ho Ta ogonek 536*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(ha Ta \(ha Ta hat (ASCII character) 537*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(ti Ta \(ti Ta tilde (ASCII character) 538*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.El 539*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Pp 540*bbf21555SRichard LoweAccented letters: 541*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact 542*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description 543*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(\(aqA Ta \('A Ta acute A 544*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(\(aqE Ta \('E Ta acute E 545*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(\(aqI Ta \('I Ta acute I 546*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(\(aqO Ta \('O Ta acute O 547*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(\(aqU Ta \('U Ta acute U 548*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(\(aqY Ta \('Y Ta acute Y 549*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(\(aqa Ta \('a Ta acute a 550*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(\(aqe Ta \('e Ta acute e 551*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(\(aqi Ta \('i Ta acute i 552*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(\(aqo Ta \('o Ta acute o 553*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(\(aqu Ta \('u Ta acute u 554*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(\(aqy Ta \('y Ta acute y 555*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(\(gaA Ta \(`A Ta grave A 556*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(\(gaE Ta \(`E Ta grave E 557*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(\(gaI Ta \(`I Ta grave I 558*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(\(gaO Ta \(`O Ta grave O 559*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(\(gaU Ta \(`U Ta grave U 560*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(\(gaa Ta \(`a Ta grave a 561*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(\(gae Ta \(`e Ta grave e 562*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(\(gai Ta \(`i Ta grave i 563*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(\(gao Ta \(`i Ta grave o 564*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(\(gau Ta \(`u Ta grave u 565*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(\(tiA Ta \(~A Ta tilde A 566*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(\(tiN Ta \(~N Ta tilde N 567*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(\(tiO Ta \(~O Ta tilde O 568*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(\(tia Ta \(~a Ta tilde a 569*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(\(tin Ta \(~n Ta tilde n 570*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(\(tio Ta \(~o Ta tilde o 571*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(:A Ta \(:A Ta dieresis A 572*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(:E Ta \(:E Ta dieresis E 573*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(:I Ta \(:I Ta dieresis I 574*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(:O Ta \(:O Ta dieresis O 575*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(:U Ta \(:U Ta dieresis U 576*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(:a Ta \(:a Ta dieresis a 577*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(:e Ta \(:e Ta dieresis e 578*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(:i Ta \(:i Ta dieresis i 579*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(:o Ta \(:o Ta dieresis o 580*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(:u Ta \(:u Ta dieresis u 581*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(:y Ta \(:y Ta dieresis y 582*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(^A Ta \(^A Ta circumflex A 583*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(^E Ta \(^E Ta circumflex E 584*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(^I Ta \(^I Ta circumflex I 585*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(^O Ta \(^O Ta circumflex O 586*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(^U Ta \(^U Ta circumflex U 587*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(^a Ta \(^a Ta circumflex a 588*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(^e Ta \(^e Ta circumflex e 589*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(^i Ta \(^i Ta circumflex i 590*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(^o Ta \(^o Ta circumflex o 591*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(^u Ta \(^u Ta circumflex u 592*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(,C Ta \(,C Ta cedilla C 593*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(,c Ta \(,c Ta cedilla c 594*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(/L Ta \(/L Ta stroke L 595*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(/l Ta \(/l Ta stroke l 596*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(/O Ta \(/O Ta stroke O 597*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(/o Ta \(/o Ta stroke o 598*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(oA Ta \(oA Ta ring A 599*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(oa Ta \(oa Ta ring a 600*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.El 601*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Pp 602*bbf21555SRichard LoweSpecial letters: 603*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact 604*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description 605*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(-D Ta \(-D Ta Eth 606*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(Sd Ta \(Sd Ta eth 607*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(TP Ta \(TP Ta Thorn 608*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(Tp Ta \(Tp Ta thorn 609*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(.i Ta \(.i Ta dotless i 610*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(.j Ta \(.j Ta dotless j 611*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.El 612*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Pp 613*bbf21555SRichard LoweCurrency: 614*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact 615*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description 616*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(Do Ta \(Do Ta dollar 617*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(ct Ta \(ct Ta cent 618*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(Eu Ta \(Eu Ta Euro symbol 619*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(eu Ta \(eu Ta Euro symbol 620*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(Ye Ta \(Ye Ta yen 621*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(Po Ta \(Po Ta pound 622*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(Cs Ta \(Cs Ta Scandinavian 623*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(Fn Ta \(Fn Ta florin 624*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.El 625*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Pp 626*bbf21555SRichard LoweUnits: 627*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact 628*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description 629*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(de Ta \(de Ta degree 630*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(%0 Ta \(%0 Ta per-thousand 631*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(fm Ta \(fm Ta minute 632*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(sd Ta \(sd Ta second 633*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(mc Ta \(mc Ta micro 634*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(Of Ta \(Of Ta Spanish female ordinal 635*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(Om Ta \(Om Ta Spanish masculine ordinal 636*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.El 637*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Pp 638*bbf21555SRichard LoweGreek letters: 639*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact 640*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description 641*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(*A Ta \(*A Ta Alpha 642*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(*B Ta \(*B Ta Beta 643*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(*G Ta \(*G Ta Gamma 644*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(*D Ta \(*D Ta Delta 645*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(*E Ta \(*E Ta Epsilon 646*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(*Z Ta \(*Z Ta Zeta 647*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(*Y Ta \(*Y Ta Eta 648*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(*H Ta \(*H Ta Theta 649*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(*I Ta \(*I Ta Iota 650*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(*K Ta \(*K Ta Kappa 651*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(*L Ta \(*L Ta Lambda 652*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(*M Ta \(*M Ta Mu 653*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(*N Ta \(*N Ta Nu 654*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(*C Ta \(*C Ta Xi 655*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(*O Ta \(*O Ta Omicron 656*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(*P Ta \(*P Ta Pi 657*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(*R Ta \(*R Ta Rho 658*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(*S Ta \(*S Ta Sigma 659*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(*T Ta \(*T Ta Tau 660*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(*U Ta \(*U Ta Upsilon 661*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(*F Ta \(*F Ta Phi 662*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(*X Ta \(*X Ta Chi 663*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(*Q Ta \(*Q Ta Psi 664*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(*W Ta \(*W Ta Omega 665*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(*a Ta \(*a Ta alpha 666*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(*b Ta \(*b Ta beta 667*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(*g Ta \(*g Ta gamma 668*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(*d Ta \(*d Ta delta 669*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(*e Ta \(*e Ta epsilon 670*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(*z Ta \(*z Ta zeta 671*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(*y Ta \(*y Ta eta 672*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(*h Ta \(*h Ta theta 673*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(*i Ta \(*i Ta iota 674*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(*k Ta \(*k Ta kappa 675*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(*l Ta \(*l Ta lambda 676*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(*m Ta \(*m Ta mu 677*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(*n Ta \(*n Ta nu 678*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(*c Ta \(*c Ta xi 679*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(*o Ta \(*o Ta omicron 680*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(*p Ta \(*p Ta pi 681*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(*r Ta \(*r Ta rho 682*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(*s Ta \(*s Ta sigma 683*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(*t Ta \(*t Ta tau 684*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(*u Ta \(*u Ta upsilon 685*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(*f Ta \(*f Ta phi 686*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(*x Ta \(*x Ta chi 687*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(*q Ta \(*q Ta psi 688*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(*w Ta \(*w Ta omega 689*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(+h Ta \(+h Ta theta variant 690*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(+f Ta \(+f Ta phi variant 691*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(+p Ta \(+p Ta pi variant 692*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(+e Ta \(+e Ta epsilon variant 693*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e(ts Ta \(ts Ta sigma terminal 694*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.El 695*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Sh PREDEFINED STRINGS 696*bbf21555SRichard LowePredefined strings are inherited from the macro packages of historical 697*bbf21555SRichard Lowetroff implementations. 698*bbf21555SRichard LoweThey are 699*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Em not recommended 700*bbf21555SRichard Lowefor use, as they differ across implementations. 701*bbf21555SRichard LoweManuals using these predefined strings are almost certainly not 702*bbf21555SRichard Loweportable. 703*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Pp 704*bbf21555SRichard LoweTheir syntax is similar to special characters, using 705*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Sq \e*X 706*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Pq for a one-character escape , 707*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Sq \e*(XX 708*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Pq two-character , 709*bbf21555SRichard Loweand 710*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Sq \e*[N] 711*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Pq N-character . 712*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent 713*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description 714*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e*(Ba Ta \*(Ba Ta vertical bar 715*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e*(Ne Ta \*(Ne Ta not equal 716*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e*(Ge Ta \*(Ge Ta greater-than-equal 717*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e*(Le Ta \*(Le Ta less-than-equal 718*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e*(Gt Ta \*(Gt Ta greater-than 719*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e*(Lt Ta \*(Lt Ta less-than 720*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e*(Pm Ta \*(Pm Ta plus-minus 721*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e*(If Ta \*(If Ta infinity 722*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e*(Pi Ta \*(Pi Ta pi 723*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e*(Na Ta \*(Na Ta NaN 724*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e*(Am Ta \*(Am Ta ampersand 725*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e*R Ta \*R Ta restricted mark 726*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e*(Tm Ta \*(Tm Ta trade mark 727*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e*q Ta \*q Ta double-quote 728*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e*(Rq Ta \*(Rq Ta right-double-quote 729*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e*(Lq Ta \*(Lq Ta left-double-quote 730*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e*(lp Ta \*(lp Ta right-parenthesis 731*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e*(rp Ta \*(rp Ta left-parenthesis 732*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e*(lq Ta \*(lq Ta left double-quote 733*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e*(rq Ta \*(rq Ta right double-quote 734*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e*(ua Ta \*(ua Ta up arrow 735*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e*(va Ta \*(va Ta up-down arrow 736*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e*(<= Ta \*(<= Ta less-than-equal 737*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e*(>= Ta \*(>= Ta greater-than-equal 738*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e*(aa Ta \*(aa Ta acute 739*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e*(ga Ta \*(ga Ta grave 740*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e*(Px Ta \*(Px Ta POSIX standard name 741*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It \e*(Ai Ta \*(Ai Ta ANSI standard name 742*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.El 743*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Sh UNICODE CHARACTERS 744*bbf21555SRichard LoweThe escape sequences 745*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Pp 746*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Dl \e[uXXXX] and \eC\(aquXXXX\(aq 747*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Pp 748*bbf21555SRichard Loweare interpreted as Unicode codepoints. 749*bbf21555SRichard LoweThe codepoint must be in the range above U+0080 and less than U+10FFFF. 750*bbf21555SRichard LoweFor compatibility, the hexadecimal digits 751*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Sq A 752*bbf21555SRichard Loweto 753*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Sq F 754*bbf21555SRichard Lowemust be given as uppercase characters, 755*bbf21555SRichard Loweand points must be zero-padded to four characters; if 756*bbf21555SRichard Lowegreater than four characters, no zero padding is allowed. 757*bbf21555SRichard LoweUnicode surrogates are not allowed. 758*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Sh NUMBERED CHARACTERS 759*bbf21555SRichard LoweFor backward compatibility with existing manuals, 760*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Xr mandoc 1 761*bbf21555SRichard Lowealso supports the 762*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Pp 763*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Dl \eN\(aq Ns Ar number Ns \(aq and \e[ Ns Cm char Ns Ar number ] 764*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Pp 765*bbf21555SRichard Loweescape sequences, inserting the character 766*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Ar number 767*bbf21555SRichard Lowefrom the current character set into the output. 768*bbf21555SRichard LoweOf course, this is inherently non-portable and is already marked 769*bbf21555SRichard Loweas deprecated in the Heirloom roff manual; 770*bbf21555SRichard Loweon top of that, the second form is a GNU extension. 771*bbf21555SRichard LoweFor example, do not use \eN\(aq34\(aq or \e[char34], use \e(dq, 772*bbf21555SRichard Loweor even the plain 773*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Sq \(dq 774*bbf21555SRichard Lowecharacter where possible. 775*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Sh COMPATIBILITY 776*bbf21555SRichard LoweThis section documents compatibility between mandoc and other 777*bbf21555SRichard Lowetroff implementations, at this time limited to GNU troff 778*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Pq Qq groff . 779*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Pp 780*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Bl -dash -compact 781*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It 782*bbf21555SRichard LoweThe \eN\(aq\(aq escape sequence is limited to printable characters; in 783*bbf21555SRichard Lowegroff, it accepts arbitrary character numbers. 784*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It 785*bbf21555SRichard LoweIn 786*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Fl T Ns Cm ascii , 787*bbf21555SRichard Lowethe 788*bbf21555SRichard Lowe\e(ss, \e(nm, \e(nb, \e(nc, \e(ib, \e(ip, \e(pp, \e[sum], \e[product], 789*bbf21555SRichard Lowe\e[coproduct], \e(gr, \e(-h, and \e(a. special characters render 790*bbf21555SRichard Lowedifferently between mandoc and groff. 791*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It 792*bbf21555SRichard LoweIn 793*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Fl T Ns Cm html , 794*bbf21555SRichard Lowethe \e(\(ti=, \e(nb, and \e(nc special characters render differently 795*bbf21555SRichard Lowebetween mandoc and groff. 796*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It 797*bbf21555SRichard LoweThe 798*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Fl T Ns Cm ps 799*bbf21555SRichard Loweand 800*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Fl T Ns Cm pdf 801*bbf21555SRichard Lowemodes format like 802*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Fl T Ns Cm ascii 803*bbf21555SRichard Loweinstead of rendering glyphs as in groff. 804*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.It 805*bbf21555SRichard LoweThe \e[radicalex], \e[sqrtex], and \e(ru special characters have been omitted 806*bbf21555SRichard Lowefrom mandoc either because they are poorly documented or they have no 807*bbf21555SRichard Loweknown representation. 808*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.El 809*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Sh SEE ALSO 810*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Xr mandoc 1 , 811*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Xr man 7 , 812*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Xr mandoc_roff 7 , 813*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Xr mdoc 7 814*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Sh AUTHORS 815*bbf21555SRichard LoweThe 816*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Nm 817*bbf21555SRichard Lowemanual page was written by 818*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.An Kristaps Dzonsons Aq Mt kristaps@bsd.lv . 819*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Sh CAVEATS 820*bbf21555SRichard LoweThe predefined string 821*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Sq \e*(Ba 822*bbf21555SRichard Lowemimics the behaviour of the 823*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Sq \&| 824*bbf21555SRichard Lowecharacter in 825*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Xr mdoc 7 ; 826*bbf21555SRichard Lowethus, if you wish to render a vertical bar with no side effects, use 827*bbf21555SRichard Lowethe 828*bbf21555SRichard Lowe.Sq \e(ba 829*bbf21555SRichard Loweescape. 830