1 /* 2 * CDDL HEADER START 3 * 4 * The contents of this file are subject to the terms of the 5 * Common Development and Distribution License (the "License"). 6 * You may not use this file except in compliance with the License. 7 * 8 * You can obtain a copy of the license at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE 9 * or http://www.opensolaris.org/os/licensing. 10 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions 11 * and limitations under the License. 12 * 13 * When distributing Covered Code, include this CDDL HEADER in each 14 * file and include the License file at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE. 15 * If applicable, add the following below this CDDL HEADER, with the 16 * fields enclosed by brackets "[]" replaced with your own identifying 17 * information: Portions Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner] 18 * 19 * CDDL HEADER END 20 */ 21 22 /* 23 * Copyright 2008 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved. 24 * Use is subject to license terms. 25 */ 26 27 /* Copyright (c) 1984, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989 AT&T */ 28 /* All Rights Reserved */ 29 30 /* 31 * University Copyright- Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1988 32 * The Regents of the University of California 33 * All Rights Reserved 34 * 35 * University Acknowledgment- Portions of this document are derived from 36 * software developed by the University of California, Berkeley, and its 37 * contributors. 38 */ 39 40 #pragma ident "%Z%%M% %I% %E% SMI" 41 42 #include "lint.h" 43 #include <stdio.h> 44 #include <stdlib.h> 45 #include <string.h> 46 #include <sys/types.h> 47 #include <limits.h> 48 49 /* 50 * random.c: 51 * An improved random number generation package. In addition to the standard 52 * rand()/srand() like interface, this package also has a special state info 53 * interface. The initstate() routine is called with a seed, an array of 54 * bytes, and a count of how many bytes are being passed in; this array is then 55 * initialized to contain information for random number generation with that 56 * much state information. Good sizes for the amount of state information are 57 * 32, 64, 128, and 256 bytes. The state can be switched by calling the 58 * setstate() routine with the same array as was initiallized with initstate(). 59 * By default, the package runs with 128 bytes of state information and 60 * generates far better random numbers than a linear congruential generator. 61 * If the amount of state information is less than 32 bytes, a simple linear 62 * congruential R.N.G. is used. 63 * Internally, the state information is treated as an array of ints; the 64 * zeroeth element of the array is the type of R.N.G. being used (small 65 * integer); the remainder of the array is the state information for the 66 * R.N.G. Thus, 32 bytes of state information will give 7 ints worth of 67 * state information, which will allow a degree seven polynomial. (Note: the 68 * zeroeth word of state information also has some other information stored 69 * in it -- see setstate() for details). 70 * The random number generation technique is a linear feedback shift register 71 * approach, employing trinomials (since there are fewer terms to sum up that 72 * way). In this approach, the least significant bit of all the numbers in 73 * the state table will act as a linear feedback shift register, and will have 74 * period 2^deg - 1 (where deg is the degree of the polynomial being used, 75 * assuming that the polynomial is irreducible and primitive). The higher 76 * order bits will have longer periods, since their values are also influenced 77 * by pseudo-random carries out of the lower bits. The total period of the 78 * generator is approximately deg*(2**deg - 1); thus doubling the amount of 79 * state information has a vast influence on the period of the generator. 80 * Note: the deg*(2**deg - 1) is an approximation only good for large deg, 81 * when the period of the shift register is the dominant factor. With deg 82 * equal to seven, the period is actually much longer than the 7*(2**7 - 1) 83 * predicted by this formula. 84 */ 85 86 87 88 /* 89 * For each of the currently supported random number generators, we have a 90 * break value on the amount of state information (you need at least this 91 * many bytes of state info to support this random number generator), a degree 92 * for the polynomial (actually a trinomial) that the R.N.G. is based on, and 93 * the separation between the two lower order coefficients of the trinomial. 94 */ 95 96 #define TYPE_0 0 /* linear congruential */ 97 #define BREAK_0 8 98 #define DEG_0 0 99 #define SEP_0 0 100 101 #define TYPE_1 1 /* x**7 + x**3 + 1 */ 102 #define BREAK_1 32 103 #define DEG_1 7 104 #define SEP_1 3 105 106 #define TYPE_2 2 /* x**15 + x + 1 */ 107 #define BREAK_2 64 108 #define DEG_2 15 109 #define SEP_2 1 110 111 #define TYPE_3 3 /* x**31 + x**3 + 1 */ 112 #define BREAK_3 128 113 #define DEG_3 31 114 #define SEP_3 3 115 116 #define TYPE_4 4 /* x**63 + x + 1 */ 117 #define BREAK_4 256 118 #define DEG_4 63 119 #define SEP_4 1 120 121 122 /* 123 * Array versions of the above information to make code run faster -- relies 124 * on fact that TYPE_i == i. 125 */ 126 127 #define MAX_TYPES 5 /* max number of types above */ 128 129 static struct _randomjunk { 130 unsigned int degrees[MAX_TYPES]; 131 unsigned int seps[MAX_TYPES]; 132 unsigned int randtbl[ DEG_3 + 1 ]; 133 /* 134 * fptr and rptr are two pointers into the state info, a front and a rear 135 * pointer. These two pointers are always rand_sep places aparts, as they cycle 136 * cyclically through the state information. (Yes, this does mean we could get 137 * away with just one pointer, but the code for random() is more efficient this 138 * way). The pointers are left positioned as they would be from the call 139 * initstate( 1, randtbl, 128 ) 140 * (The position of the rear pointer, rptr, is really 0 (as explained above 141 * in the initialization of randtbl) because the state table pointer is set 142 * to point to randtbl[1] (as explained below). 143 */ 144 unsigned int *fptr, *rptr; 145 /* 146 * The following things are the pointer to the state information table, 147 * the type of the current generator, the degree of the current polynomial 148 * being used, and the separation between the two pointers. 149 * Note that for efficiency of random(), we remember the first location of 150 * the state information, not the zeroeth. Hence it is valid to access 151 * state[-1], which is used to store the type of the R.N.G. 152 * Also, we remember the last location, since this is more efficient than 153 * indexing every time to find the address of the last element to see if 154 * the front and rear pointers have wrapped. 155 */ 156 unsigned int *state; 157 unsigned int rand_type, rand_deg, rand_sep; 158 unsigned int *end_ptr; 159 } *__randomjunk, *_randomjunk(void), _randominit = { 160 /* 161 * Initially, everything is set up as if from : 162 * initstate( 1, &randtbl, 128 ); 163 * Note that this initialization takes advantage of the fact 164 * that srandom() advances the front and rear pointers 10*rand_deg 165 * times, and hence the rear pointer which starts at 0 will also 166 * end up at zero; thus the zeroeth element of the state 167 * information, which contains info about the current 168 * position of the rear pointer is just 169 * MAX_TYPES*(rptr - state) + TYPE_3 == TYPE_3. 170 */ 171 { DEG_0, DEG_1, DEG_2, DEG_3, DEG_4 }, 172 { SEP_0, SEP_1, SEP_2, SEP_3, SEP_4 }, 173 { TYPE_3, 174 0x9a319039U, 0x32d9c024U, 0x9b663182U, 0x5da1f342U, 175 0xde3b81e0U, 0xdf0a6fb5U, 0xf103bc02U, 0x48f340fbU, 176 0x7449e56bU, 0xbeb1dbb0U, 0xab5c5918U, 0x946554fdU, 177 0x8c2e680fU, 0xeb3d799fU, 0xb11ee0b7U, 0x2d436b86U, 178 0xda672e2aU, 0x1588ca88U, 0xe369735dU, 0x904f35f7U, 179 0xd7158fd6U, 0x6fa6f051U, 0x616e6b96U, 0xac94efdcU, 180 0x36413f93U, 0xc622c298U, 0xf5a42ab8U, 0x8a88d77bU, 181 0xf5ad9d0eU, 0x8999220bU, 0x27fb47b9U }, 182 &_randominit.randtbl[ SEP_3 + 1 ], 183 &_randominit.randtbl[ 1 ], 184 &_randominit.randtbl[ 1 ], 185 TYPE_3, DEG_3, SEP_3, 186 &_randominit.randtbl[ DEG_3 + 1] 187 }; 188 189 static struct _randomjunk * 190 _randomjunk(void) 191 { 192 struct _randomjunk *rp = __randomjunk; 193 194 if (rp == NULL) { 195 rp = (struct _randomjunk *)malloc(sizeof (*rp)); 196 if (rp == NULL) 197 return (NULL); 198 (void) memcpy(rp, &_randominit, sizeof (*rp)); 199 __randomjunk = rp; 200 } 201 return (rp); 202 } 203 204 205 /* 206 * initstate: 207 * Initialize the state information in the given array of n bytes for 208 * future random number generation. Based on the number of bytes we 209 * are given, and the break values for the different R.N.G.'s, we choose 210 * the best (largest) one we can and set things up for it. srandom() is 211 * then called to initialize the state information. 212 * Note that on return from srandom(), we set state[-1] to be the type 213 * multiplexed with the current value of the rear pointer; this is so 214 * successive calls to initstate() won't lose this information and will 215 * be able to restart with setstate(). 216 * Note: the first thing we do is save the current state, if any, just like 217 * setstate() so that it doesn't matter when initstate is called. 218 * Returns a pointer to the old state. 219 */ 220 221 char * 222 initstate( 223 unsigned int seed, /* seed for R. N. G. */ 224 char *arg_state, /* pointer to state array */ 225 size_t size) /* # bytes of state info */ 226 { 227 unsigned int n; 228 struct _randomjunk *rp = _randomjunk(); 229 char *ostate; 230 231 if (size > UINT_MAX) 232 n = UINT_MAX; 233 else 234 n = (unsigned int)size; 235 236 if (rp == NULL) 237 return (NULL); 238 ostate = (char *)(&rp->state[ -1 ]); 239 240 if (rp->rand_type == TYPE_0) rp->state[ -1 ] = rp->rand_type; 241 else rp->state[ -1 ] = 242 (unsigned int)(MAX_TYPES*(rp->rptr - rp->state) + rp->rand_type); 243 if (n < BREAK_1) { 244 if (n < BREAK_0) { 245 return (NULL); 246 } 247 rp->rand_type = TYPE_0; 248 rp->rand_deg = DEG_0; 249 rp->rand_sep = SEP_0; 250 } else { 251 if (n < BREAK_2) { 252 rp->rand_type = TYPE_1; 253 rp->rand_deg = DEG_1; 254 rp->rand_sep = SEP_1; 255 } else { 256 if (n < BREAK_3) { 257 rp->rand_type = TYPE_2; 258 rp->rand_deg = DEG_2; 259 rp->rand_sep = SEP_2; 260 } else { 261 if (n < BREAK_4) { 262 rp->rand_type = TYPE_3; 263 rp->rand_deg = DEG_3; 264 rp->rand_sep = SEP_3; 265 } else { 266 rp->rand_type = TYPE_4; 267 rp->rand_deg = DEG_4; 268 rp->rand_sep = SEP_4; 269 } 270 } 271 } 272 } 273 /* first location */ 274 rp->state = &(((unsigned int *)(uintptr_t)arg_state)[1]); 275 /* must set end_ptr before srandom */ 276 rp->end_ptr = &rp->state[rp->rand_deg]; 277 srandom(seed); 278 if (rp->rand_type == TYPE_0) rp->state[ -1 ] = rp->rand_type; 279 else 280 rp->state[-1] = (unsigned int)(MAX_TYPES* 281 (rp->rptr - rp->state) + rp->rand_type); 282 return (ostate); 283 } 284 285 286 287 /* 288 * setstate: 289 * Restore the state from the given state array. 290 * Note: it is important that we also remember the locations of the pointers 291 * in the current state information, and restore the locations of the pointers 292 * from the old state information. This is done by multiplexing the pointer 293 * location into the zeroeth word of the state information. 294 * Note that due to the order in which things are done, it is OK to call 295 * setstate() with the same state as the current state. 296 * Returns a pointer to the old state information. 297 */ 298 299 char * 300 setstate(const char *arg_state) 301 { 302 struct _randomjunk *rp = _randomjunk(); 303 unsigned int *new_state; 304 unsigned int type; 305 unsigned int rear; 306 char *ostate; 307 308 if (rp == NULL) 309 return (NULL); 310 new_state = (unsigned int *)(uintptr_t)arg_state; 311 type = new_state[0]%MAX_TYPES; 312 rear = new_state[0]/MAX_TYPES; 313 ostate = (char *)(&rp->state[ -1 ]); 314 315 if (rp->rand_type == TYPE_0) rp->state[ -1 ] = rp->rand_type; 316 else 317 rp->state[-1] = (unsigned int)(MAX_TYPES* 318 (rp->rptr - rp->state) + rp->rand_type); 319 switch (type) { 320 case TYPE_0: 321 case TYPE_1: 322 case TYPE_2: 323 case TYPE_3: 324 case TYPE_4: 325 rp->rand_type = type; 326 rp->rand_deg = rp->degrees[ type ]; 327 rp->rand_sep = rp->seps[ type ]; 328 break; 329 330 default: 331 return (NULL); 332 } 333 rp->state = &new_state[ 1 ]; 334 if (rp->rand_type != TYPE_0) { 335 rp->rptr = &rp->state[ rear ]; 336 rp->fptr = &rp->state[ (rear + rp->rand_sep)%rp->rand_deg ]; 337 } 338 rp->end_ptr = &rp->state[ rp->rand_deg ]; /* set end_ptr too */ 339 return (ostate); 340 } 341 342 343 344 /* 345 * random: 346 * If we are using the trivial TYPE_0 R.N.G., just do the old linear 347 * congruential bit. Otherwise, we do our fancy trinomial stuff, which is the 348 * same in all ther other cases due to all the global variables that have been 349 * set up. The basic operation is to add the number at the rear pointer into 350 * the one at the front pointer. Then both pointers are advanced to the next 351 * location cyclically in the table. The value returned is the sum generated, 352 * reduced to 31 bits by throwing away the "least random" low bit. 353 * Note: the code takes advantage of the fact that both the front and 354 * rear pointers can't wrap on the same call by not testing the rear 355 * pointer if the front one has wrapped. 356 * Returns a 31-bit random number. 357 */ 358 359 long 360 random(void) 361 { 362 struct _randomjunk *rp = _randomjunk(); 363 unsigned int i; 364 365 if (rp == NULL) 366 return (0L); 367 if (rp->rand_type == TYPE_0) { 368 i = rp->state[0] = (rp->state[0]*1103515245 + 12345)&0x7fffffff; 369 } else { 370 *rp->fptr += *rp->rptr; 371 i = (*rp->fptr >> 1)&0x7fffffff; /* chucking least random bit */ 372 if (++rp->fptr >= rp->end_ptr) { 373 rp->fptr = rp->state; 374 ++rp->rptr; 375 } else { 376 if (++rp->rptr >= rp->end_ptr) rp->rptr = rp->state; 377 } 378 } 379 return ((long)i); 380 } 381 382 /* 383 * srandom: 384 * Initialize the random number generator based on the given seed. If the 385 * type is the trivial no-state-information type, just remember the seed. 386 * Otherwise, initializes state[] based on the given "seed" via a linear 387 * congruential generator. Then, the pointers are set to known locations 388 * that are exactly rand_sep places apart. Lastly, it cycles the state 389 * information a given number of times to get rid of any initial dependencies 390 * introduced by the L.C.R.N.G. 391 * Note that the initialization of randtbl[] for default usage relies on 392 * values produced by this routine. 393 */ 394 395 void 396 srandom(unsigned int x) 397 { 398 struct _randomjunk *rp = _randomjunk(); 399 unsigned int i; 400 401 if (rp == NULL) 402 return; 403 if (rp->rand_type == TYPE_0) { 404 rp->state[ 0 ] = x; 405 } else { 406 rp->state[ 0 ] = x; 407 for (i = 1; i < rp->rand_deg; i++) { 408 rp->state[i] = 1103515245*rp->state[i - 1] + 12345; 409 } 410 rp->fptr = &rp->state[ rp->rand_sep ]; 411 rp->rptr = &rp->state[ 0 ]; 412 for (i = 0; i < 10*rp->rand_deg; i++) (void)random(); 413 } 414 } 415