xref: /illumos-gate/usr/src/lib/libc/port/gen/mktemp.c (revision 8119dad84d6416f13557b0ba8e2aaf9064cbcfd3)
1 /*
2  * CDDL HEADER START
3  *
4  * The contents of this file are subject to the terms of the
5  * Common Development and Distribution License (the "License").
6  * You may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
7  *
8  * You can obtain a copy of the license at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE
9  * or http://www.opensolaris.org/os/licensing.
10  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions
11  * and limitations under the License.
12  *
13  * When distributing Covered Code, include this CDDL HEADER in each
14  * file and include the License file at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE.
15  * If applicable, add the following below this CDDL HEADER, with the
16  * fields enclosed by brackets "[]" replaced with your own identifying
17  * information: Portions Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner]
18  *
19  * CDDL HEADER END
20  */
21 
22 /*
23  * Copyright (c) 1988, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
24  */
25 
26 /*	Copyright (c) 1988 AT&T	*/
27 /*	  All Rights Reserved  	*/
28 
29 /*
30  *	mktemp() expects a string with up to six trailing 'X's.
31  *	These will be overlaid with letters, digits and symbols from
32  *	the portable filename character set.  If every combination thus
33  *	inserted leads to an existing file name, the string is shortened
34  *	to length zero and a pointer to a null string is returned.
35  *
36  *	The guarantee made by mktime() to the caller is that the
37  *	generated file name string will not match the string
38  *	produced by any other concurrent process using mktemp().
39  *	To guarantee uniqueness across the process-id space,
40  *	the process-id of the caller is encoded into the string.
41  *	To allow repeated calls within the same process to generate
42  *	different strings on each call, a sequence number is encoded
43  *	into the string along with process-id.
44  *
45  *	The encoding is performed using radix-64 (6 bits per character),
46  *	with 64 characters taken from the portable file name character set.
47  *	This allows the six X's to be a representation of a 36-bit integer
48  *	composed of bit fields:
49  *		( pid | seq )
50  *	where the process-id occupies the high-order bits and the sequence
51  *	number occupies the low-order bits.  The size of the pid field is
52  *	not fixed at the traditional 15 bits (MAXPID = 30000); the system
53  *	now allows a larger process-id space and MAXPID is obtained from
54  *	the system with a call to sysconf(_SC_MAXPID).
55  *
56  *	mktime() should fail if fewer than six X's are presented to it.
57  *	However, this has been traditionally accepted and is preserved
58  *	in the present code.  The consequence is that the 36-bit integer
59  *	is reduced to a (6*N)-bit integer, where N is the number of X's.
60  *	mktime() fails immediately if the resulting integer is not large
61  *	enough to contain MAXPID.
62  *
63  *	In an attempt to confuse and thwart hackers, the starting
64  *	sequence number is randomized using the current time.
65  */
66 
67 #pragma weak _mktemp = mktemp
68 
69 #define	XCNT  6
70 
71 #include "lint.h"
72 #include "mtlib.h"
73 #include <sys/types.h>
74 #include <string.h>
75 #include <unistd.h>
76 #include <thread.h>
77 #include <synch.h>
78 #include <sys/stat.h>
79 #include <errno.h>
80 #include <sys/time.h>
81 #include <stdlib.h>
82 #include <stdio.h>
83 #include <sys/param.h>
84 
85 /*
86  * 64-bit digits, must be from the POSIX "portable file name character set".
87  */
88 static char
89 chars[64] = {
90 	'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm',
91 	'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z',
92 	'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M',
93 	'N', 'O', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z',
94 	'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '.', '_',
95 };
96 
97 char *
98 libc_mktemps(char *as, int slen)
99 {
100 	/* statics are protected by this static mutex */
101 	static mutex_t	mktemp_lock = DEFAULTMUTEX;
102 	static int	pidshift = 0;
103 	static int	previous_try = 0;
104 	static pid_t	previous_pid = 0;
105 	static int	previous_xcnt = XCNT;
106 
107 	pid_t		pid;
108 	int		try;
109 	int		tryshift;
110 	int		max_try;
111 	char		*s;
112 	char		*first_x;
113 	int		len;
114 	uint_t		xcnt;
115 	struct stat64	buf;
116 
117 	if (as == NULL || *as == '\0')	/* If the string passed is null then */
118 		return (as);	/* a pointer to a null string is returned. */
119 
120 	lmutex_lock(&mktemp_lock);
121 
122 	pid = getpid();
123 	if (pid != previous_pid) {	/* first time or first after fork() */
124 		/*
125 		 * Randomize the starting sequence number in
126 		 * an attempt to confuse and thwart hackers.
127 		 * Use the low 12 bits of the time in milliseconds.
128 		 */
129 		struct timeval tm;
130 
131 		(void) gettimeofday(&tm, NULL);
132 		previous_try = (tm.tv_sec * 1000 + tm.tv_usec / 1000) & 0xfff;
133 		previous_pid = pid;
134 		previous_xcnt = XCNT;
135 	}
136 
137 	/* for all possible values of pid, 0 <= pid < (1 << pidshift) */
138 	if (pidshift == 0)	/* one-time initialization */
139 		pidshift = fls((uint_t)MAXPID);		/* high bit number */
140 
141 	/* count the X's */
142 	xcnt = 0;
143 	len = (int)strlen(as);
144 	if (slen >= len || slen < 0)
145 		goto fail;
146 	len -= slen;
147 	s = as + (len - 1);
148 	while ((len != 0) && (xcnt < XCNT) && (*s == 'X')) {
149 		xcnt++;
150 		len--;
151 		--s;
152 	}
153 	first_x = s + 1;	/* Remember pointer to the first X */
154 
155 	/* fail if we don't have enough X's to represent MAXPID */
156 	if ((tryshift = xcnt * 6 - pidshift) < 0) {
157 		/*
158 		 * Some broken programs call mktemp() repeatedly,
159 		 * passing the same string without reinserting the X's.
160 		 * Check to see if this is such a call by testing
161 		 * the trailing characters of the string for a
162 		 * match with the process-id.
163 		 */
164 		uint64_t xpid = 0;		/* reconstructed pid */
165 
166 		s = as + len;
167 		for (xcnt = previous_xcnt; xcnt && s > as; xcnt--) {
168 			int c;
169 			int i;
170 
171 			c = *--s;
172 			for (i = 0; i < 64; i++)
173 				if (c == chars[i])
174 					break;
175 			if (i == 64)
176 				goto fail;
177 			xpid = xpid * 64 + i;
178 		}
179 		xpid >>= (previous_xcnt * 6 - pidshift);
180 		xpid &= ((1 << pidshift) - 1);
181 
182 		if (xpid == pid &&
183 		    lstat64(as, &buf) == -1 && errno == ENOENT) {
184 			lmutex_unlock(&mktemp_lock);
185 			return (as);
186 		}
187 
188 		goto fail;
189 	}
190 
191 	/* we can try sequence numbers in the range 0 <= try < max_try */
192 	max_try = 1 << tryshift;
193 	if (previous_try >= max_try)
194 		previous_try = 0;
195 
196 	try = previous_try;
197 	for (;;) {
198 		/* num is up to a 36-bit integer ... */
199 		uint64_t num = ((uint64_t)pid << tryshift) + (uint64_t)try;
200 		int i;
201 
202 		/* ... which we represent backwards in base 64 */
203 		for (i = 0, s = first_x; i < xcnt; i++) {
204 			*s++ = chars[num & 077];
205 			num >>= 6;
206 		}
207 
208 		if (lstat64(as, &buf) == -1) {
209 			if (errno != ENOENT)
210 				break;		/* unrecoverable error */
211 			/* remember where we left off for the next call */
212 			previous_try = try + 1;
213 			previous_xcnt = xcnt;
214 			lmutex_unlock(&mktemp_lock);
215 			return (as);
216 		}
217 
218 		if (++try == max_try)
219 			try = 0;
220 		if (try == previous_try)
221 			break;
222 	}
223 
224 fail:
225 	lmutex_unlock(&mktemp_lock);
226 	*as = '\0';
227 	return (as);
228 }
229 
230 char *
231 mktemp(char *template)
232 {
233 	return (libc_mktemps(template, 0));
234 }
235