105e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# tzdb data for Europe and environs 205e627dcSAndy Fiddaman 3503609a9SYuri Pankov# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 4503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 5503609a9SYuri Pankov 6503609a9SYuri Pankov# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 7503609a9SYuri Pankov# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 8503609a9SYuri Pankov# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 9503609a9SYuri Pankov# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 10503609a9SYuri Pankov 11dafc4501SDan McDonald# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10): 12503609a9SYuri Pankov# 13503609a9SYuri Pankov# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 14503609a9SYuri Pankov# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 15503609a9SYuri Pankov# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 16503609a9SYuri Pankov# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 17503609a9SYuri Pankov# 18dafc4501SDan McDonald# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source 19dafc4501SDan McDonald# for time zone data was the International Air Transport 20503609a9SYuri Pankov# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 21503609a9SYuri Pankov# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 22503609a9SYuri Pankov# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 23503609a9SYuri Pankov# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 24503609a9SYuri Pankov# 25503609a9SYuri Pankov# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 26503609a9SYuri Pankov# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 27503609a9SYuri Pankov# 28503609a9SYuri Pankov# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 29503609a9SYuri Pankov# entries through 1991, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 30503609a9SYuri Pankov# 31503609a9SYuri Pankov# Other sources occasionally used include: 32503609a9SYuri Pankov# 33503609a9SYuri Pankov# Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 34503609a9SYuri Pankov# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), 35503609a9SYuri Pankov# which I found in the UCLA library. 36503609a9SYuri Pankov# 37503609a9SYuri Pankov# William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition 38503609a9SYuri Pankov# <http://cs.ucla.edu/~eggert/The-Waste-of-Daylight-19th.pdf> 39503609a9SYuri Pankov# [PDF] (1914-03) 40503609a9SYuri Pankov# 41503609a9SYuri Pankov# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94 42b654b02dSYuri Pankov# <https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. He writes: 43503609a9SYuri Pankov# "It is requested that corrections and additions to these tables 44503609a9SYuri Pankov# may be sent to Mr. John Milne, Royal Geographical Society, 45503609a9SYuri Pankov# Savile Row, London." Nowadays please email them to tz@iana.org. 46503609a9SYuri Pankov# 47503609a9SYuri Pankov# Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919. 48503609a9SYuri Pankov# This Russian-language source was consulted by Vladimir Karpinsky; see 49b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-August/021320.html 50503609a9SYuri Pankov# The full Russian citation is: 51503609a9SYuri Pankov# Бялокоз, Евгений Людвигович. Новый счет времени в течении суток 52503609a9SYuri Pankov# введенный декретом Совета народных комиссаров для всей России с 1-го 53503609a9SYuri Pankov# июля 1919 г. / Изд. 2-е Междуведомственной комиссии. - Петроград: 54503609a9SYuri Pankov# Десятая гос. тип., 1919. 55503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://resolver.gpntb.ru/purl?docushare/dsweb/Get/Resource-2011/Byalokoz__E.L.__Novyy__schet__vremeni__v__techenie__sutok__izd__2(1).pdf 56503609a9SYuri Pankov# 57503609a9SYuri Pankov# Brazil's Divisão Serviço da Hora (DSHO), 58503609a9SYuri Pankov# History of Summer Time 59503609a9SYuri Pankov# <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm> 60503609a9SYuri Pankov# (1998-09-21, in Portuguese) 61503609a9SYuri Pankov# 62503609a9SYuri Pankov# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table; 63dafc4501SDan McDonald# the rest are variants of the "xMT" pattern for a city's mean time, 64dafc4501SDan McDonald# or are from other sources. Corrections are welcome! 65503609a9SYuri Pankov# std dst 2dst 66503609a9SYuri Pankov# LMT Local Mean Time 67503609a9SYuri Pankov# -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic 68503609a9SYuri Pankov# 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer 69503609a9SYuri Pankov# 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer 70503609a9SYuri Pankov# 0:00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe 71503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1:00 BST British Standard (1968-1971) 724b8ee424SYuri Pankov# 1:00 IST GMT Irish Standard (1968-) with winter DST 73503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe 74dafc4501SDan McDonald# 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899) 75dafc4501SDan McDonald# 1:36:34 RMT* LST* Riga, Latvian Summer (1880-1926)* 76503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe 77dafc4501SDan McDonald# 3:00 MSK MSD MDST* Moscow 78503609a9SYuri Pankov 794b8ee424SYuri Pankov# From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04), re EEC/EC/EU members: 804b8ee424SYuri Pankov# The original six: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy, 81503609a9SYuri Pankov# Luxembourg, the Netherlands. 82503609a9SYuri Pankov# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom. 83503609a9SYuri Pankov# Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece. 84503609a9SYuri Pankov# Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal. 85503609a9SYuri Pankov# Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for 86503609a9SYuri Pankov# entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8% 87503609a9SYuri Pankov# on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous 88503609a9SYuri Pankov# referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice. 89503609a9SYuri Pankov# Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.) 90503609a9SYuri Pankov# ... 91503609a9SYuri Pankov# Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT. 92503609a9SYuri Pankov# I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards. 93503609a9SYuri Pankov# ... 94503609a9SYuri Pankov# There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules]. 95503609a9SYuri Pankov# A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact 96503609a9SYuri Pankov# national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the 97503609a9SYuri Pankov# different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed 98503609a9SYuri Pankov# in the Directive. 99503609a9SYuri Pankov 100503609a9SYuri Pankov 101503609a9SYuri Pankov############################################################################### 102503609a9SYuri Pankov 103503609a9SYuri Pankov# Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire) 104503609a9SYuri Pankov 105503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Peter Ilieve (1994-07-06): 106503609a9SYuri Pankov# 107503609a9SYuri Pankov# On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about 108503609a9SYuri Pankov# historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo 109503609a9SYuri Pankov# and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph 110503609a9SYuri Pankov# of the text said: 111503609a9SYuri Pankov# 112503609a9SYuri Pankov# 'An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands 113503609a9SYuri Pankov# beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude 114503609a9SYuri Pankov# was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed 115503609a9SYuri Pankov# this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They 116503609a9SYuri Pankov# made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament, 117503609a9SYuri Pankov# but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking 118503609a9SYuri Pankov# along the towpath within a few yards of it.' 119503609a9SYuri Pankov# 120503609a9SYuri Pankov# I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's 1213508b934SYuri Pankov# position is 51° 28' 30" N, 0° 18' 45" W. The longitude should 1223508b934SYuri Pankov# be within about ±2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761. 123503609a9SYuri Pankov# 124374df668SAndy Fiddaman# [This yields STDOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.] 125503609a9SYuri Pankov 126503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18): 127503609a9SYuri Pankov# 128503609a9SYuri Pankov# Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time. 129503609a9SYuri Pankov# The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time, 130503609a9SYuri Pankov# and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country. 131503609a9SYuri Pankov# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828) 132503609a9SYuri Pankov# and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903). 133503609a9SYuri Pankov# The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway 134503609a9SYuri Pankov# in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most 135503609a9SYuri Pankov# (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847-09-22 the 136503609a9SYuri Pankov# Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be 137503609a9SYuri Pankov# adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it. 138503609a9SYuri Pankov# The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian, 139503609a9SYuri Pankov# and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many 140503609a9SYuri Pankov# railways as using GMT. By 1855 the vast majority of public 141503609a9SYuri Pankov# clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock 142503609a9SYuri Pankov# on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands, 143503609a9SYuri Pankov# one for local time and one for GMT). The last major holdout was the legal 144503609a9SYuri Pankov# system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading 145503609a9SYuri Pankov# to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13. 146503609a9SYuri Pankov# The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition 147503609a9SYuri Pankov# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02. 148503609a9SYuri Pankov# 149503609a9SYuri Pankov# In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single 150503609a9SYuri Pankov# transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much 151503609a9SYuri Pankov# about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time. 152503609a9SYuri Pankov 153503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-19): 154503609a9SYuri Pankov# The ancients had no need for daylight saving, as they kept time 155503609a9SYuri Pankov# informally or via hours whose length depended on the time of year. 156503609a9SYuri Pankov# Daylight saving time in its modern sense was invented by the 157503609a9SYuri Pankov# New Zealand entomologist George Vernon Hudson (1867-1946), 158503609a9SYuri Pankov# whose day job as a postal clerk led him to value 159503609a9SYuri Pankov# after-hours daylight in which to pursue his research. 160503609a9SYuri Pankov# In 1895 he presented a paper to the Wellington Philosophical Society 161503609a9SYuri Pankov# that proposed a two-hour daylight-saving shift. See: 1623508b934SYuri Pankov# Hudson GV. On seasonal time-adjustment in countries south of lat. 30°. 163503609a9SYuri Pankov# Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 1895;28:734 164503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_28/rsnz_28_00_006110.html 165503609a9SYuri Pankov# Although some interest was expressed in New Zealand, his proposal 166503609a9SYuri Pankov# did not find its way into law and eventually it was almost forgotten. 167503609a9SYuri Pankov# 168503609a9SYuri Pankov# In England, DST was independently reinvented by William Willett (1857-1915), 169503609a9SYuri Pankov# a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society 170503609a9SYuri Pankov# who circulated a pamphlet "The Waste of Daylight" (1907) 171503609a9SYuri Pankov# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April, 172503609a9SYuri Pankov# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September. 173503609a9SYuri Pankov# A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times, 174503609a9SYuri Pankov# but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests. 175503609a9SYuri Pankov# Later editions of the pamphlet proposed one-hour summer time, and 176503609a9SYuri Pankov# it was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916. 177503609a9SYuri Pankov# See: Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18). 178503609a9SYuri Pankov# A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in 179503609a9SYuri Pankov# a 45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular 180503609a9SYuri Pankov# subscription and open to the public. On the south face of the monolith, 181503609a9SYuri Pankov# designed by G. W. Miller, is the William Willett Memorial Sundial, 182503609a9SYuri Pankov# which is permanently set to Summer Time. 183503609a9SYuri Pankov 184503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28): 185503609a9SYuri Pankov# It is one of the paradoxes of history that we should owe the boon of 186503609a9SYuri Pankov# summer time, which gives every year to the people of this country 187503609a9SYuri Pankov# between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which 188503609a9SYuri Pankov# plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the 189503609a9SYuri Pankov# foundations of civilization throughout the world. 190503609a9SYuri Pankov# -- "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly; 191503609a9SYuri Pankov# republished in Finest Hour (Spring 2002) 1(114):26 192b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.winstonchurchill.org/publications/finest-hour/finest-hour-114/a-silent-toast-to-william-willett-by-winston-s-churchill 193503609a9SYuri Pankov 194503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2015-08-08): 195503609a9SYuri Pankov# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said "Daylight Saving" 196503609a9SYuri Pankov# when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this 197503609a9SYuri Pankov# term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the 198503609a9SYuri Pankov# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using "Summer". 199503609a9SYuri Pankov# The term "Summer Time" was introduced by Herbert Samuel, Home Secretary; see: 200503609a9SYuri Pankov# Viscount Samuel. Leisure in a Democracy. Cambridge University Press 201503609a9SYuri Pankov# ISBN 978-1-107-49471-8 (1949, reissued 2015), p 8. 202503609a9SYuri Pankov 203503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19): 204503609a9SYuri Pankov# A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's 205503609a9SYuri Pankov# known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom. 206503609a9SYuri Pankov 207503609a9SYuri Pankov# Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed) 208503609a9SYuri Pankov# From: Jonathan Leffler 209503609a9SYuri Pankov# [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament. 210503609a9SYuri Pankov# If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in 211503609a9SYuri Pankov# politics making a fortune, not computing. 212503609a9SYuri Pankov 213503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Chris Carrier (1996-06-14): 214503609a9SYuri Pankov# I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the 215503609a9SYuri Pankov# acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published 216503609a9SYuri Pankov# time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and 217503609a9SYuri Pankov# if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T." 218503609a9SYuri Pankov 219503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02): 220503609a9SYuri Pankov# ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the 221503609a9SYuri Pankov# main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516) 222503609a9SYuri Pankov# agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945). 223503609a9SYuri Pankov 224503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Joseph S. Myers (2000-10-03): 225503609a9SYuri Pankov# On 18th April 1941, Sir Stephen Tallents of the BBC wrote to Sir 226503609a9SYuri Pankov# Alexander Maxwell of the Home Office asking whether there was any 227503609a9SYuri Pankov# official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't 228503609a9SYuri Pankov# but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British 229503609a9SYuri Pankov# Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally. 230b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/bbc-19410418.png 231b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/ho-19410421.png 232503609a9SYuri Pankov 233503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21): 234503609a9SYuri Pankov# [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time 235503609a9SYuri Pankov# which is to be introduced in May.... 236503609a9SYuri Pankov# I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time" 237503609a9SYuri Pankov# which could not be said to run counter to any official description. 238503609a9SYuri Pankov 239503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02): 240503609a9SYuri Pankov# Howse writes (p 157) 'DBST' too, but 'BDST' seems to have been common 241503609a9SYuri Pankov# and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first, 242503609a9SYuri Pankov# so we use 'BDST'. 243503609a9SYuri Pankov 244503609a9SYuri Pankov# Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length 245503609a9SYuri Pankov# the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom. 246503609a9SYuri Pankov# Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating 247503609a9SYuri Pankov# and extending this list, which can be found in 248b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/ 249503609a9SYuri Pankov 250503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06): 251503609a9SYuri Pankov# 252503609a9SYuri Pankov# The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC; 253503609a9SYuri Pankov# see Lord Tanlaw's speech 254b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199798/ldhansrd/vo970611/text/70611-10.htm#70611-10_head0 255503609a9SYuri Pankov# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976). 256503609a9SYuri Pankov 257503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 258503609a9SYuri Pankov# 259503609a9SYuri Pankov# For lack of other data, follow Shanks & Pottenger for Eire in 1940-1948. 260503609a9SYuri Pankov# 261503609a9SYuri Pankov# Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks & Pottenger 262503609a9SYuri Pankov# are incorrect: 263503609a9SYuri Pankov# * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until 264503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain. 265503609a9SYuri Pankov# Actually, Wales was identical after 1880. 266503609a9SYuri Pankov# * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1. 267503609a9SYuri Pankov# It actually just had one transition. 268503609a9SYuri Pankov# * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II. 269503609a9SYuri Pankov# Actually, it conformed to Britain. 270503609a9SYuri Pankov# * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18. 271503609a9SYuri Pankov# Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time. 272503609a9SYuri Pankov# Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change). 273503609a9SYuri Pankov# 274503609a9SYuri Pankov# Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks & Pottenger: 275503609a9SYuri Pankov# * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT 276503609a9SYuri Pankov# to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to 277503609a9SYuri Pankov# conform with Great Britain. 278503609a9SYuri Pankov# S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise. 279503609a9SYuri Pankov# 280503609a9SYuri Pankov# The following claim by Shanks & Pottenger is possible though doubtful; 281503609a9SYuri Pankov# we'll ignore it for now. 282503609a9SYuri Pankov# * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00. 2834b8ee424SYuri Pankov 2844b8ee424SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2017-12-04): 285503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2864b8ee424SYuri Pankov# Dunsink Observatory (8 km NW of Dublin's center) was to Dublin as 2874b8ee424SYuri Pankov# Greenwich was to London. For example: 288503609a9SYuri Pankov# 289503609a9SYuri Pankov# "Timeball on the ballast office is down. Dunsink time." 290503609a9SYuri Pankov# -- James Joyce, Ulysses 2914b8ee424SYuri Pankov# 2924b8ee424SYuri Pankov# The abbreviation DMT stood for "Dublin Mean Time" or "Dunsink Mean Time"; 2934b8ee424SYuri Pankov# this being Ireland, opinions differed. 2944b8ee424SYuri Pankov# 2954b8ee424SYuri Pankov# Whitman says Dublin/Dunsink Mean Time was UT-00:25:21, which agrees 2964b8ee424SYuri Pankov# with measurements of recent visitors to the Meridian Room of Dunsink 2974b8ee424SYuri Pankov# Observatory; see Malone D. Dunsink and timekeeping. 2016-01-24. 2984b8ee424SYuri Pankov# <https://www.maths.tcd.ie/~dwmalone/time/dunsink.html>. Malone 2994b8ee424SYuri Pankov# writes that the Nautical Almanac listed UT-00:25:22 until 1896, when 3004b8ee424SYuri Pankov# it moved to UT-00:25:21.1 (I confirmed that the 1893 edition used 3014b8ee424SYuri Pankov# the former and the 1896 edition used the latter). Evidently the 3024b8ee424SYuri Pankov# news of this change propagated slowly, as Milne 1899 still lists 3034b8ee424SYuri Pankov# UT-00:25:22 and cites the International Telegraph Bureau. As it is 3044b8ee424SYuri Pankov# not clear that there was any practical significance to the change 3054b8ee424SYuri Pankov# from UT-00:25:22 to UT-00:25:21.1 in civil timekeeping, omit this 306427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# transition for now and just use the latter value. 307503609a9SYuri Pankov 308503609a9SYuri Pankov# "Countess Markievicz ... claimed that the [1916] abolition of Dublin Mean Time 309503609a9SYuri Pankov# was among various actions undertaken by the 'English' government that 310503609a9SYuri Pankov# would 'put the whole country into the SF (Sinn Féin) camp'. She claimed 311503609a9SYuri Pankov# Irish 'public feeling (was) outraged by forcing of English time on us'." 312503609a9SYuri Pankov# -- Parsons M. Dublin lost its time zone - and 25 minutes - after 1916 Rising. 313503609a9SYuri Pankov# Irish Times 2014-10-27. 314b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/dublin-lost-its-time-zone-and-25-minutes-after-1916-rising-1.1977411 315503609a9SYuri Pankov 316503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26): 317503609a9SYuri Pankov# Irish laws are available online at <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie>. 318503609a9SYuri Pankov# These include various relating to legal time, for example: 319503609a9SYuri Pankov# 320503609a9SYuri Pankov# ZZA13Y1923.html ZZA12Y1924.html ZZA8Y1925.html ZZSIV20PG1267.html 321503609a9SYuri Pankov# 322503609a9SYuri Pankov# ZZSI71Y1947.html ZZSI128Y1948.html ZZSI23Y1949.html ZZSI41Y1950.html 323503609a9SYuri Pankov# ZZSI27Y1951.html ZZSI73Y1952.html 324503609a9SYuri Pankov# 325503609a9SYuri Pankov# ZZSI11Y1961.html ZZSI232Y1961.html ZZSI182Y1962.html 326503609a9SYuri Pankov# ZZSI167Y1963.html ZZSI257Y1964.html ZZSI198Y1967.html 327503609a9SYuri Pankov# ZZA23Y1968.html ZZA17Y1971.html 328503609a9SYuri Pankov# 329503609a9SYuri Pankov# ZZSI67Y1981.html ZZSI212Y1982.html ZZSI45Y1986.html 330503609a9SYuri Pankov# ZZSI264Y1988.html ZZSI52Y1990.html ZZSI371Y1992.html 331503609a9SYuri Pankov# ZZSI395Y1994.html ZZSI484Y1997.html ZZSI506Y2001.html 332503609a9SYuri Pankov# 333503609a9SYuri Pankov# [These are all relative to the root, e.g., the first is 334503609a9SYuri Pankov# <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/ZZA13Y1923.html>.] 335503609a9SYuri Pankov# 336503609a9SYuri Pankov# (These are those I found, but there could be more. In any case these 337503609a9SYuri Pankov# should allow various updates to the comments in the europe file to cover 338503609a9SYuri Pankov# the laws applicable in Ireland.) 339503609a9SYuri Pankov# 340503609a9SYuri Pankov# (Note that the time in the Republic of Ireland since 1968 has been defined 341503609a9SYuri Pankov# in terms of standard time being GMT+1 with a period of winter time when it 342503609a9SYuri Pankov# is GMT, rather than standard time being GMT with a period of summer time 343503609a9SYuri Pankov# being GMT+1.) 344503609a9SYuri Pankov 345503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28): 346503609a9SYuri Pankov# Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31) 347503609a9SYuri Pankov# reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time 348503609a9SYuri Pankov# (CT), equivalent to French civil time. 349503609a9SYuri Pankov# Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that 350503609a9SYuri Pankov# trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door) 351503609a9SYuri Pankov# and Frethun run in CT. 352503609a9SYuri Pankov# My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities, 353503609a9SYuri Pankov# the French concession operators and the British civil authorities, 354503609a9SYuri Pankov# and that the time depends on who you're talking to. 355503609a9SYuri Pankov# If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason, 356503609a9SYuri Pankov# I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST. 357503609a9SYuri Pankov# This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST. 358503609a9SYuri Pankov 359503609a9SYuri Pankov# From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02): 360503609a9SYuri Pankov# The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94, 361503609a9SYuri Pankov# which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive No. 94/21/EC. 362503609a9SYuri Pankov# Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate 363503609a9SYuri Pankov# regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of 364503609a9SYuri Pankov# Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is 365503609a9SYuri Pankov# "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST". 3664b8ee424SYuri Pankov# 3674b8ee424SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2017-12-07): 3684b8ee424SYuri Pankov# The 1996 anonymous contributor's goal was to determine the correct 3694b8ee424SYuri Pankov# abbreviation for summer time in Dublin and so the contributor 3704b8ee424SYuri Pankov# focused on the "IST", not on the "Irish Summer Time". Though the 3714b8ee424SYuri Pankov# "IST" was correct, the "Irish Summer Time" appears to have been an 3724b8ee424SYuri Pankov# error, as Ireland's Standard Time (Amendment) Act, 1971 states that 3734b8ee424SYuri Pankov# standard time in Ireland remains at UT +01 and is observed in 3744b8ee424SYuri Pankov# summer, and that Greenwich mean time is observed in winter. (Thanks 3754b8ee424SYuri Pankov# to Derick Rethans for pointing out the error.) That is, when 3764b8ee424SYuri Pankov# Ireland amended the 1968 act that established UT +01 as Irish 3774b8ee424SYuri Pankov# Standard Time, it left standard time unchanged and established GMT 3784b8ee424SYuri Pankov# as a negative daylight saving time in winter. So, in this database 3794b8ee424SYuri Pankov# IST stands for Irish Summer Time for timestamps before 1968, and for 3804b8ee424SYuri Pankov# Irish Standard Time after that. See: 3814b8ee424SYuri Pankov# http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1971/act/17/enacted/en/print 382503609a9SYuri Pankov 383b654b02dSYuri Pankov# Michael Deckers (2017-06-01) gave the following URLs for Ireland's 384b654b02dSYuri Pankov# Summer Time Act, 1925 and Summer Time Orders, 1926 and 1947: 3854b8ee424SYuri Pankov# http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1925/act/8/enacted/en/print 3864b8ee424SYuri Pankov# http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1926/sro/919/made/en/print 3874b8ee424SYuri Pankov# http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1947/sro/71/made/en/print 388b654b02dSYuri Pankov 389f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 390503609a9SYuri Pankov# Summer Time Act, 1916 391503609a9SYuri PankovRule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST 392503609a9SYuri PankovRule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT 393503609a9SYuri Pankov# S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358 394503609a9SYuri PankovRule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST 395503609a9SYuri PankovRule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT 396503609a9SYuri Pankov# S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274 397503609a9SYuri PankovRule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST 398503609a9SYuri PankovRule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT 399503609a9SYuri Pankov# S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297 400503609a9SYuri PankovRule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST 401503609a9SYuri PankovRule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT 402503609a9SYuri Pankov# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458 403503609a9SYuri PankovRule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST 404503609a9SYuri Pankov# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844 405503609a9SYuri PankovRule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT 406503609a9SYuri Pankov# S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363 407503609a9SYuri PankovRule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST 408503609a9SYuri PankovRule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT 409503609a9SYuri Pankov# S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264 410503609a9SYuri PankovRule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST 411503609a9SYuri PankovRule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT 412503609a9SYuri Pankov# The Summer Time Act, 1922 413503609a9SYuri PankovRule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 414503609a9SYuri PankovRule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT 415503609a9SYuri PankovRule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 416503609a9SYuri PankovRule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 417503609a9SYuri Pankov# The Summer Time Act, 1925 418503609a9SYuri PankovRule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 419503609a9SYuri PankovRule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 420503609a9SYuri PankovRule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 421503609a9SYuri PankovRule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 422503609a9SYuri PankovRule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 423503609a9SYuri PankovRule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 424503609a9SYuri PankovRule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 425503609a9SYuri PankovRule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 426503609a9SYuri PankovRule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 427503609a9SYuri PankovRule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 428503609a9SYuri PankovRule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 429503609a9SYuri Pankov# S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379 430503609a9SYuri PankovRule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT 431503609a9SYuri Pankov# S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883 432503609a9SYuri PankovRule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb Sun>=23 2:00s 1:00 BST 433503609a9SYuri Pankov# S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476 434503609a9SYuri PankovRule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 435503609a9SYuri PankovRule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST 436503609a9SYuri Pankov# S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506 437503609a9SYuri PankovRule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 438503609a9SYuri Pankov# S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932 439503609a9SYuri PankovRule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST 440503609a9SYuri Pankov# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312 441503609a9SYuri PankovRule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr Mon>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 442503609a9SYuri PankovRule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST 443503609a9SYuri Pankov# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208 444503609a9SYuri PankovRule GB-Eire 1945 1946 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 445503609a9SYuri PankovRule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 446503609a9SYuri Pankov# The Summer Time Act, 1947 447503609a9SYuri PankovRule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST 448503609a9SYuri PankovRule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 BDST 449503609a9SYuri PankovRule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST 450503609a9SYuri PankovRule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT 451503609a9SYuri Pankov# Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495) 452503609a9SYuri PankovRule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST 453503609a9SYuri PankovRule GB-Eire 1948 only - Oct 31 2:00s 0 GMT 454503609a9SYuri Pankov# Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373) 455503609a9SYuri PankovRule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST 456503609a9SYuri PankovRule GB-Eire 1949 only - Oct 30 2:00s 0 GMT 457503609a9SYuri Pankov# Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518) 458503609a9SYuri Pankov# Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430) 459503609a9SYuri Pankov# Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451) 460503609a9SYuri PankovRule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST 461503609a9SYuri PankovRule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT 462503609a9SYuri Pankov# revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925 463503609a9SYuri PankovRule GB-Eire 1953 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 464503609a9SYuri PankovRule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 465503609a9SYuri PankovRule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 466503609a9SYuri PankovRule GB-Eire 1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 467503609a9SYuri PankovRule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 468503609a9SYuri PankovRule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 469503609a9SYuri PankovRule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 470503609a9SYuri Pankov# Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71) 471503609a9SYuri Pankov# Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465) 472503609a9SYuri Pankov# Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81) 473503609a9SYuri PankovRule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST 474503609a9SYuri PankovRule GB-Eire 1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT 475503609a9SYuri Pankov# Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101) 476503609a9SYuri Pankov# Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201) 477503609a9SYuri Pankov# Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148) 478503609a9SYuri PankovRule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST 479503609a9SYuri Pankov# Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117) 480503609a9SYuri PankovRule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 2:00s 1:00 BST 481503609a9SYuri Pankov# The British Standard Time Act, 1968 482503609a9SYuri Pankov# (no summer time) 483503609a9SYuri Pankov# The Summer Time Act, 1972 484503609a9SYuri PankovRule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 485503609a9SYuri PankovRule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT 486503609a9SYuri Pankov# Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089) 487503609a9SYuri Pankov# Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673) 488503609a9SYuri Pankov# Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223) 489503609a9SYuri Pankov# Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931) 490503609a9SYuri PankovRule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST 491503609a9SYuri PankovRule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT 492503609a9SYuri Pankov# Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985) 493503609a9SYuri Pankov# Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729) 494503609a9SYuri Pankov# Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798) 495503609a9SYuri PankovRule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT 496503609a9SYuri Pankov# Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982) 497503609a9SYuri Pankov# See EU for rules starting in 1996. 498503609a9SYuri Pankov# 499503609a9SYuri Pankov# Use Europe/London for Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man. 500503609a9SYuri Pankov 501374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 502427b4c5cSAndy FiddamanZone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 503503609a9SYuri Pankov 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 504503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 505503609a9SYuri Pankov 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 506503609a9SYuri Pankov 0:00 EU GMT/BST 507503609a9SYuri Pankov 5083508b934SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-15): 5093508b934SYuri Pankov# In January 2018 we discovered that the negative SAVE values in the 5103508b934SYuri Pankov# Eire rules cause problems with tests for ICU: 5113508b934SYuri Pankov# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2018-January/025825.html 5123508b934SYuri Pankov# and with tests for OpenJDK: 5133508b934SYuri Pankov# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2018-January/025822.html 5143508b934SYuri Pankov# 5153508b934SYuri Pankov# To work around this problem, the build procedure can translate the 5163508b934SYuri Pankov# following data into two forms, one with negative SAVE values and the 5173508b934SYuri Pankov# other form with a traditional approximation for Irish timestamps 5183508b934SYuri Pankov# after 1971-10-31 02:00 UTC; although this approximation has tm_isdst 5193508b934SYuri Pankov# flags that are reversed, its UTC offsets are correct and this often 520af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# suffices.... 5213508b934SYuri Pankov# 5224b8ee424SYuri Pankov# The following is like GB-Eire and EU, except with standard time in 5233508b934SYuri Pankov# summer and negative daylight saving time in winter. It is for when 5243508b934SYuri Pankov# negative SAVE values are used. 525f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 5263508b934SYuri PankovRule Eire 1971 only - Oct 31 2:00u -1:00 - 5273508b934SYuri PankovRule Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00u 0 - 5283508b934SYuri PankovRule Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00u -1:00 - 5293508b934SYuri PankovRule Eire 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 0 - 5303508b934SYuri PankovRule Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u -1:00 - 5313508b934SYuri PankovRule Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u -1:00 - 5323508b934SYuri PankovRule Eire 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u -1:00 - 5334b8ee424SYuri Pankov 534374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 535427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman #STDOFF -0:25:21.1 536427b4c5cSAndy FiddamanZone Europe/Dublin -0:25:21 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 5374b8ee424SYuri Pankov -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00s 538503609a9SYuri Pankov -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s 539503609a9SYuri Pankov 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence 540b654b02dSYuri Pankov 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00s 541b654b02dSYuri Pankov 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00s 542b654b02dSYuri Pankov 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00s 543b654b02dSYuri Pankov 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00s 544b654b02dSYuri Pankov 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00s 545503609a9SYuri Pankov 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27 5465254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST. 5473508b934SYuri Pankov 1:00 Eire IST/GMT 5485254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# Rearguard section, for parsers lacking negative DST; see ziguard.awk. 5493508b934SYuri Pankov# 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 5503508b934SYuri Pankov# 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996 5513508b934SYuri Pankov# 0:00 EU GMT/IST 5525254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# End of rearguard section. 5534dac00ceSAndy Fiddaman 554503609a9SYuri Pankov 555503609a9SYuri Pankov############################################################################### 556503609a9SYuri Pankov 557503609a9SYuri Pankov# Europe 558503609a9SYuri Pankov 5594b8ee424SYuri Pankov# The following rules are for the European Union and for its 5604b8ee424SYuri Pankov# predecessor organization, the European Communities. 5614b8ee424SYuri Pankov# For brevity they are called "EU rules" elsewhere in this file. 562503609a9SYuri Pankov 563f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 564503609a9SYuri PankovRule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S 565503609a9SYuri PankovRule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 566503609a9SYuri PankovRule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 - 567503609a9SYuri PankovRule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 568503609a9SYuri PankovRule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S 569503609a9SYuri PankovRule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - 570503609a9SYuri Pankov# The most recent directive covers the years starting in 2002. See: 571503609a9SYuri Pankov# Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council 572503609a9SYuri Pankov# of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements. 573503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0084:EN:NOT 574503609a9SYuri Pankov 575503609a9SYuri Pankov# W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time. 576503609a9SYuri PankovRule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 577503609a9SYuri PankovRule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 578503609a9SYuri PankovRule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 - 579503609a9SYuri PankovRule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 580503609a9SYuri PankovRule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 581503609a9SYuri PankovRule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 - 582503609a9SYuri Pankov 583503609a9SYuri Pankov# Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables. 584503609a9SYuri Pankov# From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time. 585503609a9SYuri PankovRule C-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S 586503609a9SYuri PankovRule C-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 587503609a9SYuri PankovRule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 588503609a9SYuri PankovRule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - 589503609a9SYuri PankovRule C-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 S 590503609a9SYuri PankovRule C-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 - 591503609a9SYuri PankovRule C-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S 592503609a9SYuri PankovRule C-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 - 593503609a9SYuri PankovRule C-Eur 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 594503609a9SYuri Pankov# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 595503609a9SYuri PankovRule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 - 596503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-07-13): 597503609a9SYuri Pankov# 598503609a9SYuri Pankov# I found what is probably a typo of 2:00 which should perhaps be 2:00s 599503609a9SYuri Pankov# in the C-Eur rule from tz database version 2008d (this part was 600503609a9SYuri Pankov# corrected in version 2008d). The circumstantial evidence is simply the 601503609a9SYuri Pankov# tz database itself, as seen below: 602503609a9SYuri Pankov# 603f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Zone Europe/Paris ... 604503609a9SYuri Pankov# 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 605503609a9SYuri Pankov# 606f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Zone Europe/Monaco ... 607503609a9SYuri Pankov# 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 608503609a9SYuri Pankov# 609f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Zone Europe/Belgrade ... 610503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 611503609a9SYuri Pankov# 612503609a9SYuri Pankov# Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - 613503609a9SYuri Pankov# Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 614503609a9SYuri Pankov# Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 615503609a9SYuri Pankov# 616503609a9SYuri Pankov# The rule line to be changed is: 617503609a9SYuri Pankov# 618503609a9SYuri Pankov# Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 - 619503609a9SYuri Pankov# 620503609a9SYuri Pankov# It seems that Paris, Monaco, Rule France, Rule Belgium all agree on 621503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2:00 standard time, e.g. 3:00 local time. However there are no 622503609a9SYuri Pankov# countries that use C-Eur rules in September 1945, so the only items 623503609a9SYuri Pankov# affected are apparently these fictitious zones that translate acronyms 624503609a9SYuri Pankov# CET and MET: 625503609a9SYuri Pankov# 626503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 627503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT 628503609a9SYuri Pankov# 629503609a9SYuri Pankov# It this is right then the corrected version would look like: 630503609a9SYuri Pankov# 631503609a9SYuri Pankov# Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 632503609a9SYuri Pankov# 633503609a9SYuri Pankov# A small step for mankind though 8-) 634503609a9SYuri PankovRule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 635503609a9SYuri PankovRule C-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 636503609a9SYuri PankovRule C-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 637503609a9SYuri PankovRule C-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 638503609a9SYuri PankovRule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 639503609a9SYuri PankovRule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 640503609a9SYuri PankovRule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 641503609a9SYuri Pankov 642503609a9SYuri Pankov# E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time. 643503609a9SYuri PankovRule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 644503609a9SYuri PankovRule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 645503609a9SYuri PankovRule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 646503609a9SYuri PankovRule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 647503609a9SYuri PankovRule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 648503609a9SYuri PankovRule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 649503609a9SYuri Pankov 650503609a9SYuri Pankov 651503609a9SYuri Pankov# Daylight saving time for Russia and the Soviet Union 652503609a9SYuri Pankov# 653503609a9SYuri Pankov# The 1917-1921 decree URLs are from Alexander Belopolsky (2016-08-23). 654503609a9SYuri Pankov 655f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 656503609a9SYuri PankovRule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time 657503609a9SYuri Pankov# 658503609a9SYuri Pankov# Decree No. 142 (1917-12-22) http://istmat.info/node/28137 659503609a9SYuri PankovRule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time 660503609a9SYuri Pankov# 661503609a9SYuri Pankov# Decree No. 497 (1918-05-30) http://istmat.info/node/30001 662503609a9SYuri PankovRule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time 663503609a9SYuri PankovRule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST 664503609a9SYuri Pankov# 665503609a9SYuri Pankov# Decree No. 258 (1919-05-29) http://istmat.info/node/37949 666503609a9SYuri PankovRule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST 667503609a9SYuri Pankov# 668503609a9SYuri PankovRule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 0:00u 1:00 MSD 669503609a9SYuri PankovRule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 MSK 670503609a9SYuri Pankov# 671503609a9SYuri Pankov# Decree No. 63 (1921-02-03) http://istmat.info/node/45840 672503609a9SYuri PankovRule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 MSD 673503609a9SYuri Pankov# 674503609a9SYuri Pankov# Decree No. 121 (1921-03-07) http://istmat.info/node/45949 675503609a9SYuri PankovRule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 +05 676503609a9SYuri Pankov# 677503609a9SYuri PankovRule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 MSD 678503609a9SYuri PankovRule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 679503609a9SYuri Pankov# Act No. 925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24): 680503609a9SYuri PankovRule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 681503609a9SYuri PankovRule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 682503609a9SYuri Pankov# Act No. 967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in 683503609a9SYuri Pankov# Act No. 227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14): 684503609a9SYuri PankovRule Russia 1984 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 685503609a9SYuri PankovRule Russia 1985 2010 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 686503609a9SYuri Pankov# 687503609a9SYuri PankovRule Russia 1996 2010 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 688503609a9SYuri Pankov# As described below, Russia's 2014 change affects Zone data, not Rule data. 689503609a9SYuri Pankov 690503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07): 691503609a9SYuri Pankov# Wikipedia and other sources refer to the Act of the Council of 692503609a9SYuri Pankov# Ministers of the USSR from 1988-01-04 No. 5 and the Act of the 693503609a9SYuri Pankov# Council of Ministers of the USSR from 1989-03-14 No. 227. 694503609a9SYuri Pankov# 695503609a9SYuri Pankov# I did not find full texts of these acts. For the 1989 one we have 696b654b02dSYuri Pankov# title at https://base.garant.ru/70754136/ : 697503609a9SYuri Pankov# "About change in calculation of time on the territories of 698503609a9SYuri Pankov# Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR and Estonian SSR, Astrakhan, 699503609a9SYuri Pankov# Kaliningrad, Kirov, Kuybyshev, Ulyanovsk and Uralsk oblasts". 700503609a9SYuri Pankov# And http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt appears to 701503609a9SYuri Pankov# contain quotes from both acts: Since last Sunday of March 1988 rules 702503609a9SYuri Pankov# of the second time belt are installed in Volgograd and Saratov 703503609a9SYuri Pankov# oblasts. Since last Sunday of March 1989: 704503609a9SYuri Pankov# a) Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, Estonian SSR, Kaliningrad oblast: 705503609a9SYuri Pankov# second time belt rules without extra hour (Moscow-1); 706503609a9SYuri Pankov# b) Astrakhan, Kirov, Kuybyshev, Ulyanovsk oblasts: second time belt 707503609a9SYuri Pankov# rules (Moscow time) 708503609a9SYuri Pankov# c) Uralsk oblast: third time belt rules (Moscow+1). 709503609a9SYuri Pankov 710503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-27): 711503609a9SYuri Pankov# Unamended version of the act of the 712503609a9SYuri Pankov# Government of the Russian Federation No. 23 from 08.01.1992 713503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102014034&rdk=0 714503609a9SYuri Pankov# says that every year clocks were to be moved forward on last Sunday 715503609a9SYuri Pankov# of March at 2 hours and moved backwards on last Sunday of September 716503609a9SYuri Pankov# at 3 hours. It was amended in 1996 to replace September with October. 717503609a9SYuri Pankov 718503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-06-14): 719503609a9SYuri Pankov# According to Kremlin press service, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev 720503609a9SYuri Pankov# signed a federal law "On calculation of time" on June 9, 2011. 721503609a9SYuri Pankov# According to the law Russia is abolishing daylight saving time. 722503609a9SYuri Pankov# 723503609a9SYuri Pankov# Medvedev signed a law "On the Calculation of Time" (in russian): 724503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583 725503609a9SYuri Pankov# 726503609a9SYuri Pankov# Medvedev signed a law on the calculation of the time (in russian): 727b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html 728503609a9SYuri Pankov 729503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15): 730503609a9SYuri Pankov# Take "abolishing daylight saving time" to mean that time is now considered 731503609a9SYuri Pankov# to be standard. 732503609a9SYuri Pankov 733503609a9SYuri Pankov# These are for backward compatibility with older versions. 734503609a9SYuri Pankov 735374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 736503609a9SYuri PankovZone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT 737503609a9SYuri PankovZone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 738503609a9SYuri PankovZone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT 739503609a9SYuri PankovZone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT 740503609a9SYuri Pankov 741503609a9SYuri Pankov# Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST 742503609a9SYuri Pankov# for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage. 743503609a9SYuri Pankov 744503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Markus Kuhn (1996-07-12): 745503609a9SYuri Pankov# The official German names ... are 746503609a9SYuri Pankov# 747503609a9SYuri Pankov# Mitteleuropäische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00 748503609a9SYuri Pankov# Mitteleuropäische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00 749503609a9SYuri Pankov# 750503609a9SYuri Pankov# as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz über die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG), 751503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111).... 752503609a9SYuri Pankov# I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution 753503609a9SYuri Pankov# 754503609a9SYuri Pankov# Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) 755503609a9SYuri Pankov# Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit" 756503609a9SYuri Pankov# Postfach 3345 757503609a9SYuri Pankov# D-38023 Braunschweig 758503609a9SYuri Pankov# phone: +49 531 592-0 759503609a9SYuri Pankov# 760503609a9SYuri Pankov# ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB 761503609a9SYuri Pankov# department for time and frequency transmission. He explained that the 762503609a9SYuri Pankov# PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as 763503609a9SYuri Pankov# 764503609a9SYuri Pankov# Central European Time (CET) = UTC+01:00 765503609a9SYuri Pankov# Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00 766503609a9SYuri Pankov 767503609a9SYuri Pankov 768503609a9SYuri Pankov# Albania 769f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 770503609a9SYuri PankovRule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 S 771503609a9SYuri PankovRule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 772503609a9SYuri PankovRule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 773503609a9SYuri PankovRule Albania 1943 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 - 774503609a9SYuri PankovRule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S 775503609a9SYuri PankovRule Albania 1974 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 776503609a9SYuri PankovRule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 777503609a9SYuri PankovRule Albania 1975 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 778503609a9SYuri PankovRule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 779503609a9SYuri PankovRule Albania 1976 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 780503609a9SYuri PankovRule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S 781503609a9SYuri PankovRule Albania 1977 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 782503609a9SYuri PankovRule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 783503609a9SYuri PankovRule Albania 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 784503609a9SYuri PankovRule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 S 785503609a9SYuri PankovRule Albania 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 786503609a9SYuri PankovRule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 S 787503609a9SYuri PankovRule Albania 1980 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 788503609a9SYuri PankovRule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 S 789503609a9SYuri PankovRule Albania 1981 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 790503609a9SYuri PankovRule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 791503609a9SYuri PankovRule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 792503609a9SYuri PankovRule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S 793503609a9SYuri PankovRule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 794503609a9SYuri PankovRule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 795374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 796503609a9SYuri PankovZone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914 797503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16 798503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 Albania CE%sT 1984 Jul 799503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 EU CE%sT 800503609a9SYuri Pankov 801503609a9SYuri Pankov# Andorra 802374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 803503609a9SYuri PankovZone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901 804503609a9SYuri Pankov 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30 805503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00 806503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 EU CE%sT 807503609a9SYuri Pankov 808503609a9SYuri Pankov# Austria 809503609a9SYuri Pankov 810503609a9SYuri Pankov# Milne says Vienna time was 1:05:21. 811503609a9SYuri Pankov 812503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): Shanks & Pottenger give 1918-06-16 and 813503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1945-11-18, but the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and 814503609a9SYuri Pankov# Surveying (BEV) gives 1918-09-16 and for Vienna gives the "alleged" 815503609a9SYuri Pankov# date of 1945-04-12 with no time. For the 1980-04-06 transition 816503609a9SYuri Pankov# Shanks & Pottenger give 02:00, the BEV 00:00. Go with the BEV, 817503609a9SYuri Pankov# and guess 02:00 for 1945-04-12. 818503609a9SYuri Pankov 81906965442SAndy Fiddaman# From Alois Treindl (2019-07-22): 820374df668SAndy Fiddaman# In 1946 the end of DST was on Monday, 7 October 1946, at 3:00 am. 821374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Shanks had this right. Source: Die Weltpresse, 5. Oktober 1946, page 5. 822374df668SAndy Fiddaman 823f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 824503609a9SYuri PankovRule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S 825503609a9SYuri PankovRule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 - 826503609a9SYuri PankovRule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S 827374df668SAndy FiddamanRule Austria 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 828374df668SAndy FiddamanRule Austria 1947 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 829503609a9SYuri PankovRule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S 830503609a9SYuri PankovRule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 831503609a9SYuri PankovRule Austria 1980 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 832503609a9SYuri PankovRule Austria 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 833374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 834503609a9SYuri PankovZone Europe/Vienna 1:05:21 - LMT 1893 Apr 835503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1920 836503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00s 837503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s 838503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Apr 12 2:00s 839503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 - CET 1946 840503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981 841503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 EU CE%sT 842503609a9SYuri Pankov 843503609a9SYuri Pankov# Belarus 844503609a9SYuri Pankov# 845503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-07-02): 846503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.lawbelarus.com/repub/sub30/texf9611.htm 847503609a9SYuri Pankov# (Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus from 848503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1992-03-25 No. 157) ... says clocks were to be moved forward at 2:00 849503609a9SYuri Pankov# on last Sunday of March and backward at 3:00 on last Sunday of September 850503609a9SYuri Pankov# (the same as previous USSR and contemporary Russian regulations). 851503609a9SYuri Pankov# 852503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Yauhen Kharuzhy (2011-09-16): 853503609a9SYuri Pankov# By latest Belarus government act Europe/Minsk timezone was changed to 854503609a9SYuri Pankov# GMT+3 without DST (was GMT+2 with DST). 855503609a9SYuri Pankov# 856503609a9SYuri Pankov# Sources (Russian language): 857503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html 858503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/ 859b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://news.tut.by/society/250578.html 860503609a9SYuri Pankov# 861503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Alexander Bokovoy (2014-10-09): 862503609a9SYuri Pankov# Belarussian government decided against changing to winter time.... 863503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://eng.belta.by/all_news/society/Belarus-decides-against-adjusting-time-in-Russias-wake_i_76335.html 864503609a9SYuri Pankov# 865374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 866503609a9SYuri PankovZone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880 867503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time 868503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 869503609a9SYuri Pankov 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28 870503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3 871503609a9SYuri Pankov 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 872503609a9SYuri Pankov 3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 873503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 874503609a9SYuri Pankov 3:00 - +03 875503609a9SYuri Pankov 876503609a9SYuri Pankov# Belgium 877f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Luxembourg 878f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Netherlands 879503609a9SYuri Pankov# 880374df668SAndy Fiddaman# From Michael Deckers (2019-08-25): 881374df668SAndy Fiddaman# The exposition in the web page 882374df668SAndy Fiddaman# https://www.bestor.be/wiki/index.php/Voyager_dans_le_temps._L%E2%80%99introduction_de_la_norme_de_Greenwich_en_Belgique 883374df668SAndy Fiddaman# gives several contemporary sources from which one can conclude that 884374df668SAndy Fiddaman# the switch in Europe/Brussels on 1892-05-01 was from 00:17:30 to 00:00:00. 885374df668SAndy Fiddaman# 886374df668SAndy Fiddaman# From Paul Eggert (2019-08-28): 887374df668SAndy Fiddaman# This quote helps explain the late-1914 situation: 888374df668SAndy Fiddaman# In early November 1914, the Germans imposed the time zone used in central 889374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Europe and forced the inhabitants to set their watches and public clocks 890374df668SAndy Fiddaman# sixty minutes ahead. Many were reluctant to accept "German time" and 891374df668SAndy Fiddaman# continued to use "Belgian time" among themselves. Reflecting the spirit of 892374df668SAndy Fiddaman# resistance that arose in the population, a song made fun of this change.... 893374df668SAndy Fiddaman# The song ended: 894374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Putting your clock forward 895374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Will but hasten the happy hour 896374df668SAndy Fiddaman# When we kick out the Boches! 897374df668SAndy Fiddaman# See: Pluvinage G. Brussels on German time. Cahiers Bruxellois - 898374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Brusselse Cahiers. 2014;XLVI(1E):15-38. 899374df668SAndy Fiddaman# https://www.cairn.info/revue-cahiers-bruxellois-2014-1E-page-15.htm 900374df668SAndy Fiddaman# 901374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Entries from 1914 through 1917 are taken from "De tijd in België" 902374df668SAndy Fiddaman# <https://www.astro.oma.be/GENERAL/INFO/nli001a.html>. 903503609a9SYuri Pankov# Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from: 904503609a9SYuri Pankov# Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique, 905503609a9SYuri Pankov# Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe année, 1991 906503609a9SYuri Pankov# (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC), 907503609a9SYuri Pankov# pp 8-9. 908374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie for the 1918/1991 references. 909503609a9SYuri Pankov# The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium. 910503609a9SYuri Pankov# Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect. 911503609a9SYuri Pankov# 912f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 913503609a9SYuri PankovRule Belgium 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 S 914503609a9SYuri PankovRule Belgium 1918 1919 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 915503609a9SYuri PankovRule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 916503609a9SYuri PankovRule Belgium 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 917503609a9SYuri PankovRule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 918503609a9SYuri PankovRule Belgium 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 919503609a9SYuri PankovRule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - 920503609a9SYuri PankovRule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 921503609a9SYuri PankovRule Belgium 1922 1927 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 922503609a9SYuri PankovRule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 S 923503609a9SYuri PankovRule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S 924503609a9SYuri PankovRule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S 925503609a9SYuri Pankov# DSH writes that a royal decree of 1926-02-22 specified the Sun following 3rd 926503609a9SYuri Pankov# Sat in Apr (except if it's Easter, in which case it's one Sunday earlier), 927503609a9SYuri Pankov# to Sun following 1st Sat in Oct, and that a royal decree of 1928-09-15 928503609a9SYuri Pankov# changed the transition times to 02:00 GMT. 929503609a9SYuri PankovRule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 930503609a9SYuri PankovRule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 931503609a9SYuri PankovRule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 932503609a9SYuri PankovRule Belgium 1928 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - 933503609a9SYuri PankovRule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 S 934503609a9SYuri PankovRule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 S 935503609a9SYuri PankovRule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S 936503609a9SYuri PankovRule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S 937503609a9SYuri PankovRule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 S 938503609a9SYuri PankovRule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S 939503609a9SYuri PankovRule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S 940503609a9SYuri PankovRule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S 941503609a9SYuri PankovRule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 S 942503609a9SYuri PankovRule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 S 943503609a9SYuri PankovRule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 S 944503609a9SYuri PankovRule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 - 945503609a9SYuri PankovRule Belgium 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 S 946503609a9SYuri PankovRule Belgium 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 - 947503609a9SYuri PankovRule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 948503609a9SYuri PankovRule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 949503609a9SYuri PankovRule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S 950503609a9SYuri PankovRule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 951374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 952503609a9SYuri PankovZone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880 953374df668SAndy Fiddaman 0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 00:17:30 954503609a9SYuri Pankov 0:00 - WET 1914 Nov 8 955503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00 956503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u 957503609a9SYuri Pankov 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s 958503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3 959503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 960503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 EU CE%sT 961503609a9SYuri Pankov 962503609a9SYuri Pankov# Bulgaria 963503609a9SYuri Pankov# 964503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 965503609a9SYuri Pankov# A document of Government of Bulgaria (No. 94/1997) says: 966503609a9SYuri Pankov# EET -> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ... 967503609a9SYuri Pankov# EETDST -> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October 968503609a9SYuri Pankov# 969f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 970503609a9SYuri PankovRule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S 971503609a9SYuri PankovRule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 972503609a9SYuri PankovRule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00 1:00 S 973503609a9SYuri PankovRule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 - 974503609a9SYuri PankovRule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 - 975374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 976503609a9SYuri PankovZone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880 977503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT? 978503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00 979503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 980503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 - CET 1945 Apr 2 3:00 981503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00 982503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 3:00 983503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 984503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 985503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 EU EE%sT 986503609a9SYuri Pankov 987503609a9SYuri Pankov# Cyprus 988503609a9SYuri Pankov# Please see the 'asia' file for Asia/Nicosia. 989503609a9SYuri Pankov 990f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Czech Republic (Czechia) 991f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Slovakia 9923508b934SYuri Pankov# 993*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# From Ivan Benovic (2024-01-30): 994*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# https://www.slov-lex.sk/pravne-predpisy/SK/ZZ/1946/54/ 995*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# (This is an official link to the Czechoslovak Summer Time Act of 996*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# March 8, 1946 that authorizes the Czechoslovak government to set the 997*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# exact dates of change to summer time and back to Central European Time. 998*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# The act also implicitly confirms Central European Time as the 999*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# official time zone of Czechoslovakia and currently remains in force 1000*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# in both the Czech Republic and Slovakia.) 1001*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# https://www.psp.cz/eknih/1945pns/tisky/t0216_00.htm 1002*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# (This is a link to the original legislative proposal dating back to 1003*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# February 22, 1946. The accompanying memorandum to the proposal says 1004*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# that an advisory committee on European railroad transportation that 1005*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# met in Brussels in October 1945 decided that the change of time 1006*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# should be carried out in all participating countries in a strictly 1007*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# coordinated manner....) 1008*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# 1009*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# From Paul Eggert (2024-01-30): 1010*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# The source for Czech data is: Kdy začíná a končí letní čas. 10113508b934SYuri Pankov# https://kalendar.beda.cz/kdy-zacina-a-konci-letni-cas 1012*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# Its main text disagrees with its quoted sources only in 1918, 1013*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# where the main text says spring and autumn transitions 1014*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# occurred at 02:00 and 03:00 respectively (as usual), 1015*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# whereas the 1918 source "Oznámení o zavedení letního času v roce 1918" 1016*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# says transitions were at 01:00 and 02:00 respectively. 1017*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# As the 1918 source appears to be a humorous piece, and it is 1018*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# unlikely that Prague would have disagreed with its neighbors by an hour, 1019*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# go with the main text for now. 1020*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# 10213508b934SYuri Pankov# We know of no English-language name for historical Czech winter time; 10223508b934SYuri Pankov# abbreviate it as "GMT", as it happened to be GMT. 10233508b934SYuri Pankov# 1024f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 10253508b934SYuri PankovRule Czech 1945 only - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 10263508b934SYuri PankovRule Czech 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 1027503609a9SYuri PankovRule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S 1028503609a9SYuri PankovRule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 10293508b934SYuri PankovRule Czech 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 1030503609a9SYuri PankovRule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S 1031374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1032503609a9SYuri PankovZone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850 1033503609a9SYuri Pankov 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time 10343508b934SYuri Pankov 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 9 10353508b934SYuri Pankov 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1946 Dec 1 3:00 10363508b934SYuri Pankov# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST. 10373508b934SYuri Pankov 1:00 -1:00 GMT 1947 Feb 23 2:00 10385254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# Rearguard section, for parsers lacking negative DST; see ziguard.awk. 10393508b934SYuri Pankov# 0:00 - GMT 1947 Feb 23 2:00 10403508b934SYuri Pankov# End of rearguard section. 1041503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979 1042503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 EU CE%sT 1043427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman 1044f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Faroe Is 1045f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1046503609a9SYuri PankovZone Atlantic/Faroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Tórshavn 1047503609a9SYuri Pankov 0:00 - WET 1981 1048503609a9SYuri Pankov 0:00 EU WE%sT 1049f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi 1050f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Greenland 1051503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1052503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2004-10-31): 1053503609a9SYuri Pankov# During World War II, Germany maintained secret manned weather stations in 1054503609a9SYuri Pankov# East Greenland and Franz Josef Land, but we don't know their time zones. 1055503609a9SYuri Pankov# My source for this is Wilhelm Dege's book mentioned under Svalbard. 1056503609a9SYuri Pankov# 10574b8ee424SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2017-12-10): 10584b8ee424SYuri Pankov# Greenland joined the European Communities as part of Denmark, 10594b8ee424SYuri Pankov# obtained home rule on 1979-05-01, and left the European Communities 10604b8ee424SYuri Pankov# on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU 1061503609a9SYuri Pankov# rules at least through 1984. Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godthåb 1062503609a9SYuri Pankov# used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU 1063503609a9SYuri Pankov# rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980. 1064503609a9SYuri Pankov 1065503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Gwillim Law (2001-06-06), citing 1066503609a9SYuri Pankov# <http://www.statkart.no/efs/efshefter/2001/efs5-2001.pdf> (2001-03-15), 1067503609a9SYuri Pankov# and with translations corrected by Steffen Thorsen: 1068503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1069503609a9SYuri Pankov# Greenland has four local times, and the relation to UTC 1070503609a9SYuri Pankov# is according to the following time line: 1071503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1072503609a9SYuri Pankov# The military zone near Thule UTC-4 1073503609a9SYuri Pankov# Standard Greenland time UTC-3 1074503609a9SYuri Pankov# Scoresbysund UTC-1 1075503609a9SYuri Pankov# Danmarkshavn UTC 1076503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1077503609a9SYuri Pankov# In the military area near Thule and in Danmarkshavn DST will not be 1078503609a9SYuri Pankov# introduced. 1079503609a9SYuri Pankov 1080503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Rives McDow (2001-11-01): 1081503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1082503609a9SYuri Pankov# I correspond regularly with the Dansk Polarcenter, and wrote them at 1083503609a9SYuri Pankov# the time to clarify the situation in Thule. Unfortunately, I have 1084503609a9SYuri Pankov# not heard back from them regarding my recent letter. [But I have 1085503609a9SYuri Pankov# info from earlier correspondence.] 1086503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1087503609a9SYuri Pankov# According to the center, a very small local time zone around Thule 1088503609a9SYuri Pankov# Air Base keeps the time according to UTC-4, implementing daylight 1089503609a9SYuri Pankov# savings using North America rules, changing the time at 02:00 local time.... 1090503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1091503609a9SYuri Pankov# The east coast of Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund 1092503609a9SYuri Pankov# uses UTC in the same way as in Iceland, year round, with no dst. 1093503609a9SYuri Pankov# There are just a few stations on this coast, including the 1094503609a9SYuri Pankov# Danmarkshavn ICAO weather station mentioned in your September 29th 1095503609a9SYuri Pankov# email. The other stations are two sledge patrol stations in 1096503609a9SYuri Pankov# Mestersvig and Daneborg, the air force base at Station Nord, and the 1097503609a9SYuri Pankov# DPC research station at Zackenberg. 1098503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1099503609a9SYuri Pankov# Scoresbysund and two small villages nearby keep time UTC-1 and use 1100503609a9SYuri Pankov# the same daylight savings time period as in West Greenland (Godthåb). 1101503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1102503609a9SYuri Pankov# The rest of Greenland, including Godthåb (this area, although it 1103503609a9SYuri Pankov# includes central Greenland, is known as west Greenland), keeps time 1104503609a9SYuri Pankov# UTC-3, with daylight savings methods according to European rules. 1105503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1106503609a9SYuri Pankov# It is common procedure to use UTC 0 in the wilderness of East and 1107503609a9SYuri Pankov# North Greenland, because it is mainly Icelandic aircraft operators 1108503609a9SYuri Pankov# maintaining traffic in these areas. However, the official status of 1109503609a9SYuri Pankov# this area is that it sticks with Godthåb time. This area might be 1110503609a9SYuri Pankov# considered a dual time zone in some respects because of this. 1111503609a9SYuri Pankov 1112503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Rives McDow (2001-11-19): 1113503609a9SYuri Pankov# I heard back from someone stationed at Thule; the time change took place 1114503609a9SYuri Pankov# there at 2:00 AM. 1115503609a9SYuri Pankov 1116503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1117503609a9SYuri Pankov# From 1997 on the CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT; 1118503609a9SYuri Pankov# the 1995 map as like Godthåb. 1119503609a9SYuri Pankov# For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthåb before 1996. 1120503609a9SYuri Pankov# startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error, 1121503609a9SYuri Pankov# so go with Shanks & Pottenger for Thule transitions until this year. 1122503609a9SYuri Pankov# For 2007 on assume Thule will stay in sync with US DST rules. 1123503609a9SYuri Pankov 1124503609a9SYuri Pankov# From J William Piggott (2016-02-20): 1125503609a9SYuri Pankov# "Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund" is officially named 1126503609a9SYuri Pankov# "National Park" by Executive Order: 1127503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://naalakkersuisut.gl/~/media/Nanoq/Files/Attached%20Files/Engelske-tekster/Legislation/Executive%20Order%20National%20Park.rtf 1128503609a9SYuri Pankov# It is their only National Park. 1129af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman 1130af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# From Jonas Nyrup (2022-11-24): 1131af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# On last Saturday in October 2023 when DST ends America/Nuuk will switch 1132af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# from -03/-02 to -02/-01 1133af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# https://sermitsiaq.ag/forslagtidsforskel-danmark-mindskes-sommertid-beholdes 1134af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# ... 1135af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# https://sermitsiaq.ag/groenland-skifte-tidszone-trods-bekymringer 1136503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1137af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# From Jürgen Appel (2022-11-25): 1138af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# https://ina.gl/samlinger/oversigt-over-samlinger/samling/dagsordener/dagsorden.aspx?lang=da&day=24-11-2022 1139af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# 1140af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# From Thomas M. Steenholdt (2022-12-02): 1141af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# - The bill to move America/Nuuk from UTC-03 to UTC-02 passed. 1142af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# - The bill to stop observing DST did not (Greenland will stop observing DST 1143af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# when EU does). 1144af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# Details on the implementation are here (section 6): 1145af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# https://ina.gl/dvd/EM%202022/pdf/media/2553529/pkt17_em2022_tidens_bestemmelse_bem_da.pdf 1146af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# This is how the change will be implemented: 1147af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# 1. The shift *to* DST in 2023 happens as normal. 1148af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# 2. The shift *from* DST in 2023 happens as normal, but coincides with the 1149af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# shift to UTC-02 normaltime (people will not change their clocks here). 1150af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# 3. After this, DST is still observed, but as -02/-01 instead of -03/-02. 1151b4eb54e1SRobert Mustacchi# 1152b4eb54e1SRobert Mustacchi# From Múte Bourup Egede via Jógvan Svabo Samuelsen (2023-03-15): 1153b4eb54e1SRobert Mustacchi# Greenland will not switch to Daylight Saving Time this year, 2023, 1154b4eb54e1SRobert Mustacchi# because the standard time for Greenland will change from UTC -3 to UTC -2. 1155b4eb54e1SRobert Mustacchi# However, Greenland will change to Daylight Saving Time again in 2024 1156b4eb54e1SRobert Mustacchi# and onwards. 1157b4eb54e1SRobert Mustacchi 1158b4eb54e1SRobert Mustacchi# From a contributor who wishes to remain anonymous for now (2023-10-29): 1159b4eb54e1SRobert Mustacchi# https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/seneste/i-nat-skal-uret-stilles-en-time-tilbage-men-foerste-gang-sker-det-ikke-i-groenland 1160b4eb54e1SRobert Mustacchi# with a link to that page: 1161b4eb54e1SRobert Mustacchi# https://naalakkersuisut.gl/Nyheder/2023/10/2710_sommertid 1162b4eb54e1SRobert Mustacchi# ... Ittoqqortoormiit joins the time of Nuuk at March 2024. 1163b4eb54e1SRobert Mustacchi# What would mean that America/Scoresbysund would either be in -01 year round 1164b4eb54e1SRobert Mustacchi# or in -02/-01 like America/Nuuk, but no longer in -01/+00. 1165b4eb54e1SRobert Mustacchi# 1166b4eb54e1SRobert Mustacchi# From Paul Eggert (2023-10-29): 1167b4eb54e1SRobert Mustacchi# For now, assume it will be like America/Nuuk. 1168af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman 1169f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1170503609a9SYuri PankovRule Thule 1991 1992 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1171503609a9SYuri PankovRule Thule 1991 1992 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S 1172503609a9SYuri PankovRule Thule 1993 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1173503609a9SYuri PankovRule Thule 1993 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S 1174503609a9SYuri PankovRule Thule 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D 1175503609a9SYuri PankovRule Thule 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 1176503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1177374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1178503609a9SYuri PankovZone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 1179dafc4501SDan McDonald -3:00 - -03 1980 Apr 6 2:00 1180dafc4501SDan McDonald -3:00 EU -03/-02 1996 1181503609a9SYuri Pankov 0:00 - GMT 11825254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# 11835254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# Use the old name Scoresbysund, as the current name Ittoqqortoormiit 11845254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# exceeds tzdb's 14-letter limit and has no common English abbreviation. 1185503609a9SYuri PankovZone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit 1186dafc4501SDan McDonald -2:00 - -02 1980 Apr 6 2:00 1187dafc4501SDan McDonald -2:00 C-Eur -02/-01 1981 Mar 29 1188b4eb54e1SRobert Mustacchi -1:00 EU -01/+00 2024 Mar 31 1189b4eb54e1SRobert Mustacchi -2:00 EU -02/-01 11905254d4faSAndy FiddamanZone America/Nuuk -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Godthåb 1191dafc4501SDan McDonald -3:00 - -03 1980 Apr 6 2:00 1192b4eb54e1SRobert Mustacchi -3:00 EU -03/-02 2023 Mar 26 1:00u 1193b4eb54e1SRobert Mustacchi -2:00 - -02 2023 Oct 29 1:00u 1194af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman -2:00 EU -02/-01 11955254d4faSAndy FiddamanZone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik 1196503609a9SYuri Pankov -4:00 Thule A%sT 1197503609a9SYuri Pankov 1198503609a9SYuri Pankov# Estonia 1199503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1200503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 1201503609a9SYuri Pankov# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 1202503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1203503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Peter Ilieve (1994-10-15): 1204503609a9SYuri Pankov# A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards 1205503609a9SYuri Pankov# [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it, 1206503609a9SYuri Pankov# a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989.... 1207503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1208503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Peter Ilieve (1996-10-28): 1209503609a9SYuri Pankov# [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s, 1210503609a9SYuri Pankov# but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:] 1211503609a9SYuri Pankov# "I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different 1212503609a9SYuri Pankov# (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules 1213503609a9SYuri Pankov# conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia.... 1214503609a9SYuri Pankov# A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on 1215503609a9SYuri Pankov# human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to 1216503609a9SYuri Pankov# summer time next spring." 1217503609a9SYuri Pankov 1218503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited: 1219503609a9SYuri Pankov# The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law 1220503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390 1221503609a9SYuri Pankov# refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between 1222503609a9SYuri Pankov# the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22-27, 120). 1223503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1224503609a9SYuri Pankov# I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation 1225503609a9SYuri Pankov# for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg" 1226503609a9SYuri Pankov# (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time). 1227503609a9SYuri Pankov 1228b654b02dSYuri Pankov# From The Baltic Times <https://www.baltictimes.com/> (1999-09-09) 1229503609a9SYuri Pankov# via Steffen Thorsen: 1230503609a9SYuri Pankov# This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time, 1231503609a9SYuri Pankov# a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6.... 1232503609a9SYuri Pankov# But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European 1233503609a9SYuri Pankov# Union are still unclear. In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory 1234503609a9SYuri Pankov# for all member states until 2001. Brussels has yet to decide what to do 1235503609a9SYuri Pankov# after that. 1236503609a9SYuri Pankov 1237503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29): 1238503609a9SYuri Pankov# Regulation No. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation 1239503609a9SYuri Pankov# No. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all 1240503609a9SYuri Pankov# the year round. The regulation is effective 1999-11-01. 1241503609a9SYuri Pankov 1242503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Toomas Soome (2002-02-21): 1243503609a9SYuri Pankov# The Estonian government has changed once again timezone politics. 1244503609a9SYuri Pankov# Now we are using again EU rules. 1245503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1246503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Urmet Jänes (2002-03-28): 1247503609a9SYuri Pankov# The legislative reference is Government decree No. 84 on 2002-02-21. 1248503609a9SYuri Pankov 1249374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1250503609a9SYuri PankovZone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880 1251503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time 1252503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul 1253503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May 1254503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6 1255503609a9SYuri Pankov 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15 1256503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22 1257503609a9SYuri Pankov 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 1258503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s 1259503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22 1260503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 EU EE%sT 1999 Oct 31 4:00 1261503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 - EET 2002 Feb 21 1262503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 EU EE%sT 1263503609a9SYuri Pankov 1264503609a9SYuri Pankov# Finland 1265503609a9SYuri Pankov 1266503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Hannu Strang (1994-09-25 06:03:37 UTC): 1267503609a9SYuri Pankov# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one, 1268503609a9SYuri Pankov# and it's supposed to change at 4am... 1269503609a9SYuri Pankov 1270503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Janne Snabb (2010-07-15): 1271503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1272503609a9SYuri Pankov# I noticed that the Finland data is not accurate for years 1981 and 1982. 1273503609a9SYuri Pankov# During these two first trial years the DST adjustment was made one hour 1274503609a9SYuri Pankov# earlier than in forthcoming years. Starting 1983 the adjustment was made 1275503609a9SYuri Pankov# according to the central European standards. 1276503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1277503609a9SYuri Pankov# This is documented in Heikki Oja: Aikakirja 2007, published by The Almanac 1278503609a9SYuri Pankov# Office of University of Helsinki, ISBN 952-10-3221-9, available online (in 1279503609a9SYuri Pankov# Finnish) at 1280b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf 1281503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1282503609a9SYuri Pankov# Page 105 (56 in PDF version) has a handy table of all past daylight savings 1283503609a9SYuri Pankov# transitions. It is easy enough to interpret without Finnish skills. 1284503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1285503609a9SYuri Pankov# This is also confirmed by Finnish Broadcasting Company's archive at: 1286503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401 1287503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1288503609a9SYuri Pankov# The news clip from 1981 says that "the time between 2 and 3 o'clock does not 1289503609a9SYuri Pankov# exist tonight." 1290503609a9SYuri Pankov 1291503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Konstantin Hyppönen (2014-06-13): 1292503609a9SYuri Pankov# [Heikki Oja's book Aikakirja 2013] 1293b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://almanakka.helsinki.fi/images/aikakirja/Aikakirja2013kokonaan.pdf 1294503609a9SYuri Pankov# pages 104-105, including a scan from a newspaper published on Apr 2 1942 1295503609a9SYuri Pankov# say that ... [o]n Apr 2 1942, 24 o'clock (which means Apr 3 1942, 1296503609a9SYuri Pankov# 00:00), clocks were moved one hour forward. The newspaper 1297503609a9SYuri Pankov# mentions "on the night from Thursday to Friday".... 1298503609a9SYuri Pankov# On Oct 4 1942, clocks were moved at 1:00 one hour backwards. 1299503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1300503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-14): 1301503609a9SYuri Pankov# Go with Oja over Shanks. 1302503609a9SYuri Pankov 1303f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1304503609a9SYuri PankovRule Finland 1942 only - Apr 2 24:00 1:00 S 1305503609a9SYuri PankovRule Finland 1942 only - Oct 4 1:00 0 - 1306503609a9SYuri PankovRule Finland 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 1307503609a9SYuri PankovRule Finland 1981 1982 - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - 1308503609a9SYuri Pankov 1309427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# Milne says Helsinki (Helsingfors) time was 1:39:49.2 (official document). 1310503609a9SYuri Pankov 1311374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1312427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman #STDOFF 1:39:49.2 1313503609a9SYuri PankovZone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:49 - LMT 1878 May 31 1314503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:39:49 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time 1315503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 Finland EE%sT 1983 1316503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 EU EE%sT 1317503609a9SYuri Pankov 1318503609a9SYuri Pankov# France 1319f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Monaco 1320503609a9SYuri Pankov 1321503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Ciro Discepolo (2000-12-20): 1322503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1323503609a9SYuri Pankov# Henri Le Corre, Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, Éditions 1324503609a9SYuri Pankov# Traditionnelles - Paris 2 books, 1993 1325503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1326503609a9SYuri Pankov# Gabriel, Traité de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Trédaniel, 1327503609a9SYuri Pankov# Paris, 1991 1328503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1329503609a9SYuri Pankov# Françoise Gauquelin, Problèmes de l'heure résolus en astrologie, 1330503609a9SYuri Pankov# Guy Trédaniel, Paris 1987 1331503609a9SYuri Pankov 1332f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# From Michael Deckers (2020-06-11): 1333f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# the law of 1891 <https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k64415343.texteImage> 1334f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# was published on 1891-03-15, so it could only take force on 1891-03-16. 1335f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi 1336f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# From Michael Deckers (2020-06-10): 1337f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Le Gaulois, 1911-03-11, page 1/6, online at 1338f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://www.retronews.fr/societe/echo-de-presse/2018/01/29/1911-change-lheure-de-paris 1339f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# ... [ Instantly, all pressure driven clock dials halted... Nine minutes and 1340f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# twenty-one seconds later the hands resumed their circular motion. ] 1341f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# There are also precise reports about how the change was prepared in train 1342f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# stations: all the publicly visible clocks stopped at midnight railway time 1343f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# (or were covered), only the chief of service had a watch, labeled 1344f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# "Heure ancienne", that he kept running until it reached 00:04:21, when 1345f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# he announced "Heure nouvelle". See the "Le Petit Journal 1911-03-11". 1346f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6192911/f1.item.zoom 1347f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# 1348f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# From Michael Deckers (2020-06-12): 1349f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# That "all French clocks stopped" for 00:09:21 is a misreading of French 1350f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# newspapers; this sort of adjustment applies only to certain 1351f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# remote-controlled clocks ("pendules pneumatiques", of which there existed 1352f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# perhaps a dozen in Paris, and which simply could not be set back remotely), 1353f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# but not to all the clocks in all French towns and villages. For instance, 1354f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# the following story in the "Courrier de Saône-et-Loire" 1911-03-11, page 2: 1355f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# only works if legal time was stepped back (was not monotone): ... 1356f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# [One can observe that children who had been born at midnight less 5 1357f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# minutes and who had died at midnight of the old time, would turn out to 1358f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# be dead before being born, time having been set back and having 1359f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# suppressed 9 minutes and 25 seconds of their existence, that is, more 1360f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# than they could spend.] 1361f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# 1362f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# From Paul Eggert (2020-06-12): 1363f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# French time in railway stations was legally five minutes behind civil time, 1364f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# which explains why railway "old time" ran to 00:04:21 instead of to 00:09:21. 1365f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# The law's text (which Michael Deckers noted is at 1366f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# <https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k2022333z/f2>) says only that 1367f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# at 1911-03-11 00:00 legal time was that of Paris mean time delayed by 1368f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# nine minutes and twenty-one seconds, and does not say how the 1369f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# transition from Paris mean time was to occur. 1370f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# 1371f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# tzdb has no way to represent stopped clocks. As the railway practice 1372f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# was to keep a watch running on "old time" to decide when to restart 1373f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# the other clocks, this could be modeled as a transition for "old time" at 1374f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# 00:09:21. However, since the law was ambiguous and clocks outside railway 1375f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# stations were probably done haphazardly with the popular impression being 1376f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# that the transition was done at 00:00 "old time", simply leave the time 1377f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# blank; this causes zic to default to 00:00 "old time" which is good enough. 1378f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Do something similar for the 1891-03-16 transition. There are similar 1379f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# problems in Algiers, Monaco and Tunis. 1380503609a9SYuri Pankov 1381503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1382503609a9SYuri Pankov# Shank & Pottenger seem to use '24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman. 1383f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1384503609a9SYuri PankovRule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1385503609a9SYuri PankovRule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 1386503609a9SYuri PankovRule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 1387503609a9SYuri PankovRule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 1388503609a9SYuri PankovRule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 1389503609a9SYuri PankovRule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1390503609a9SYuri PankovRule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 1391503609a9SYuri PankovRule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1392503609a9SYuri PankovRule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - 1393503609a9SYuri PankovRule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1394503609a9SYuri Pankov# DSH writes that a law of 1923-05-24 specified 3rd Sat in Apr at 23:00 to 1st 1395503609a9SYuri Pankov# Sat in Oct at 24:00; and that in 1930, because of Easter, the transitions 1396503609a9SYuri Pankov# were Apr 12 and Oct 5. Go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1397503609a9SYuri PankovRule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 1398503609a9SYuri PankovRule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 S 1399503609a9SYuri PankovRule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S 1400503609a9SYuri PankovRule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S 1401503609a9SYuri PankovRule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 1402503609a9SYuri PankovRule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 1403503609a9SYuri PankovRule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1404503609a9SYuri PankovRule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 1405503609a9SYuri PankovRule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 S 1406503609a9SYuri PankovRule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 1407503609a9SYuri PankovRule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S 1408503609a9SYuri PankovRule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1409503609a9SYuri PankovRule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S 1410503609a9SYuri PankovRule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S 1411503609a9SYuri PankovRule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 1412503609a9SYuri PankovRule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S 1413503609a9SYuri PankovRule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S 1414503609a9SYuri PankovRule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1415503609a9SYuri PankovRule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1416503609a9SYuri PankovRule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S 1417503609a9SYuri Pankov# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks & Pottenger 1418503609a9SYuri Pankov# write that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations. 1419503609a9SYuri Pankov# Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arnéguy, Orthez, 1420503609a9SYuri Pankov# Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamothe-Montravel, Marœuil, La 1421503609a9SYuri Pankov# Rochefoucauld, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Descartes, 1422503609a9SYuri Pankov# Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin, 1423503609a9SYuri Pankov# Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalon-sur-Saône, Arbois, 1424503609a9SYuri Pankov# Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collonges (Haute-Savoie). 1425503609a9SYuri PankovRule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 1426503609a9SYuri Pankov# Shanks & Pottenger say this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00, 1427503609a9SYuri Pankov# but go with Denis Excoffier (1997-12-12), 1428503609a9SYuri Pankov# who quotes the Ephémérides astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes 1429503609a9SYuri Pankov# as saying 5/10/41 22hUT. 1430503609a9SYuri PankovRule France 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S 1431503609a9SYuri PankovRule France 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 2:00 M 1432503609a9SYuri PankovRule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S 1433503609a9SYuri PankovRule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 M 1434503609a9SYuri PankovRule France 1943 only - Oct 4 3:00 1:00 S 1435503609a9SYuri PankovRule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 M 1436503609a9SYuri PankovRule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 S 1437503609a9SYuri PankovRule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 M 1438503609a9SYuri PankovRule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - 1439503609a9SYuri Pankov# Shanks & Pottenger give Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00; 1440503609a9SYuri Pankov# go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT. 1441503609a9SYuri PankovRule France 1976 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 S 1442503609a9SYuri PankovRule France 1976 only - Sep 26 1:00 0 - 1443f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Howse writes that the time in France was officially based 1444503609a9SYuri Pankov# on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC. 1445374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1446f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiZone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 16 1447f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1448503609a9SYuri Pankov# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre. 1449503609a9SYuri Pankov 0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00 1450503609a9SYuri Pankov# Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation; 1451503609a9SYuri Pankov# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1452503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25 1453503609a9SYuri Pankov 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 1454503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 1455503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 EU CE%sT 1456503609a9SYuri Pankov 1457f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Denmark 1458503609a9SYuri Pankov# Germany 1459f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Norway 1460f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Sweden 1461503609a9SYuri Pankov 1462503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Markus Kuhn (1998-09-29): 1463503609a9SYuri Pankov# The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische 1464503609a9SYuri Pankov# Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916. 14654b8ee424SYuri Pankov# [See tz-link.html for the URL.] 1466503609a9SYuri Pankov 1467503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Jörg Schilling (2002-10-23): 1468503609a9SYuri Pankov# In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by 1469b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/ 1470503609a9SYuri Pankov# General [Nikolai] Bersarin. 1471503609a9SYuri Pankov 1472503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08): 1473503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf 1474503609a9SYuri Pankov# says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20. 1475503609a9SYuri Pankov# However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so 1476503609a9SYuri Pankov# this was equivalent to UT +03, not +04. 1477503609a9SYuri Pankov 1478f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Svalbard & Jan Mayen 1479f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi 1480f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# From Steffen Thorsen (2001-05-01): 1481f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Although I could not find it explicitly, it seems that Jan Mayen and 1482f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Svalbard have been using the same time as Norway at least since the 1483f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# time they were declared as parts of Norway. Svalbard was declared 1484f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# as a part of Norway by law of 1925-07-17 no 11, section 4 and Jan 1485f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Mayen by law of 1930-02-27 no 2, section 2. (From 1486f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19250717-011.html> and 1487f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19300227-002.html>). The law/regulation 1488f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# for normal/standard time in Norway is from 1894-06-29 no 1 (came 1489f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# into operation on 1895-01-01) and Svalbard/Jan Mayen seem to be a 1490f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# part of this law since 1925/1930. (From 1491f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html>) I have not been 1492f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100) 1493f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabited" since 1921 by 1494f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever 1495f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# since 1921. Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since 1496f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere 1497f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive). 1498f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi 1499f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-04): 1500f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# 1501f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II, 1502f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Oslo was 1503f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# keeping Berlin time. 1504f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# 1505f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# <https://www.jan-mayen.no/history.htm> says that the meteorologists 1506f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in 1507f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite 1508f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# frequent air attacks from Germans. In 1943 the Americans established a 1509f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City". Possibly 1510f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# the UT offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that 1511f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules. 1512f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# 1513f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an 1514f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Allied party that evacuated the civilian population to England (says 1515f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# <http://www.bartleby.com/65/sv/Svalbard.html>). The Svalbard FAQ 1516f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# <http://www.svalbard.com/SvalbardFAQ.html> says that the Germans were 1517f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# expelled on 1942-05-14. However, small parties of Germans did return, 1518f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954) 1519f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html 1520f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named 1521f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945. 1522f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# 1523f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970, so use Europe/Berlin 1524f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# for these regions. 1525503609a9SYuri Pankov 1526f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1527503609a9SYuri PankovRule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S 1528503609a9SYuri PankovRule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 1529503609a9SYuri PankovRule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1530af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# https://www.ptb.de/cms/en/ptb/fachabteilungen/abt4/fb-44/ag-441/realisation-of-legal-time-in-germany/dst-and-midsummer-dst-in-germany-until-1979.html 1531af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# says the following transition occurred at 3:00 MEZ, not the 2:00 MEZ 1532af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# given in Shanks & Pottenger. Go with the PTB. 1533503609a9SYuri PankovRule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 3:00s 1:00 S 1534503609a9SYuri PankovRule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 M 1535503609a9SYuri PankovRule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S 1536503609a9SYuri PankovRule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 1537503609a9SYuri PankovRule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S 1538503609a9SYuri Pankov 1539503609a9SYuri PankovRule SovietZone 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 1540503609a9SYuri PankovRule SovietZone 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 S 1541503609a9SYuri PankovRule SovietZone 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 1542503609a9SYuri Pankov 1543374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1544503609a9SYuri PankovZone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr 1545503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 24 2:00 1546503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 SovietZone CE%sT 1946 1547503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980 1548503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 EU CE%sT 1549503609a9SYuri Pankov 1550503609a9SYuri Pankov# Georgia 1551503609a9SYuri Pankov# Please see the "asia" file for Asia/Tbilisi. 1552503609a9SYuri Pankov# Herodotus (Histories, IV.45) says Georgia north of the Phasis (now Rioni) 1553503609a9SYuri Pankov# is in Europe. Our reference location Tbilisi is in the Asian part. 1554503609a9SYuri Pankov 1555503609a9SYuri Pankov# Gibraltar 1556374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1557427b4c5cSAndy FiddamanZone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 1558503609a9SYuri Pankov 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00 1559503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 - CET 1982 1560503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 EU CE%sT 1561503609a9SYuri Pankov 1562503609a9SYuri Pankov# Greece 1563f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1564503609a9SYuri Pankov# Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1565503609a9SYuri PankovRule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 S 1566503609a9SYuri PankovRule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 1567503609a9SYuri Pankov# Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1568503609a9SYuri PankovRule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 S 1569503609a9SYuri Pankov# Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1570503609a9SYuri PankovRule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 1571503609a9SYuri PankovRule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S 1572503609a9SYuri PankovRule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 1573503609a9SYuri Pankov# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1574503609a9SYuri PankovRule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S 1575503609a9SYuri PankovRule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 - 1576503609a9SYuri PankovRule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 S 1577503609a9SYuri PankovRule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 - 1578503609a9SYuri PankovRule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 S 1579503609a9SYuri PankovRule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 - 1580503609a9SYuri PankovRule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 1581503609a9SYuri PankovRule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 - 1582503609a9SYuri PankovRule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 - 1583503609a9SYuri PankovRule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 S 1584503609a9SYuri PankovRule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 - 1585503609a9SYuri PankovRule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1586503609a9SYuri PankovRule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 1587374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1588503609a9SYuri PankovZone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14 1589503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT 1590503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30 1591503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4 1592503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981 1593503609a9SYuri Pankov # Shanks & Pottenger say it switched to C-Eur in 1981; 15944b8ee424SYuri Pankov # go with EU rules instead, since Greece joined Jan 1. 1595503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 EU EE%sT 1596503609a9SYuri Pankov 1597503609a9SYuri Pankov# Hungary 1598f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi 1599f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# From Michael Deckers (2020-06-09): 1600f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# an Austrian encyclopedia of railroads of 1913, online at 1601f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# http://www.zeno.org/Roell-1912/A/Eisenbahnzeit 1602f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# says that the switch [to CET] happened on 1890-11-01. 1603f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi 1604f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# From Géza Nyáry (2020-06-07): 1605f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Data for 1918-1983 are based on the archive database of Library Hungaricana. 1606f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# The dates are collected from original, scanned governmental orders, 1607f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# bulletins, instructions and public press. 1608f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# [See URLs below.] 1609f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi 1610f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1611f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/OGYK_RT_1918/?pg=238 1612f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/OGYK_RT_1919/?pg=808 1613f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/OGYK_RT_1920/?pg=201 1614f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Hungary 1918 1919 - Apr 15 2:00 1:00 S 1615f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Hungary 1918 1920 - Sep Mon>=15 3:00 0 - 1616f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Hungary 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00 1:00 S 1617f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/OGYK_RT_1945/?pg=882 1618503609a9SYuri PankovRule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S 1619f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 - 1620f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/Delmagyarorszag_1946_03/?pg=49 1621503609a9SYuri PankovRule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S 1622f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/Delmagyarorszag_1946_09/?pg=54 1623f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Hungary 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00 0 - 1624f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/KulfBelfHirek_1947_04_1__001-123/?pg=90 1625f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/DunantuliNaplo_1947_09/?pg=128 1626f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/KulfBelfHirek_1948_03_3__001-123/?pg=304 1627f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/Zala_1948_09/?pg=64 1628f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/SatoraljaujhelyiLeveltar_ZempleniNepujsag_1948/?pg=53 1629f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/SatoraljaujhelyiLeveltar_ZempleniNepujsag_1948/?pg=160 1630f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/UjSzo_1949_01-04/?pg=102 1631f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/KeletMagyarorszag_1949_03/?pg=96 1632f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/Delmagyarorszag_1949_09/?pg=94 1633503609a9SYuri PankovRule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S 1634f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Hungary 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1635f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/DTT_KOZL_TanacsokKozlonye_1954/?pg=513 1636f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Hungary 1954 only - May 23 0:00 1:00 S 1637f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Hungary 1954 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 1638f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/DTT_KOZL_TanacsokKozlonye_1955/?pg=398 1639f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Hungary 1955 only - May 22 2:00 1:00 S 1640f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Hungary 1955 only - Oct 2 3:00 0 - 1641f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/HevesMegyeiNepujsag_1956_06/?pg=0 1642f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/EszakMagyarorszag_1956_06/?pg=6 1643f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/SzolnokMegyeiNeplap_1957_04/?pg=120 1644f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/PestMegyeiHirlap_1957_09/?pg=143 1645f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Hungary 1956 1957 - Jun Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 1646f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Hungary 1956 1957 - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - 1647f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/DTT_KOZL_TanacsokKozlonye_1980/?pg=189 1648f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 1649f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Hungary 1980 only - Sep 28 1:00 0 - 1650f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/DTT_KOZL_TanacsokKozlonye_1980/?pg=1227 1651f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/Delmagyarorszag_1981_01/?pg=79 1652f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/DTT_KOZL_TanacsokKozlonye_1982/?pg=115 1653f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/DTT_KOZL_TanacsokKozlonye_1983/?pg=85 1654f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Hungary 1981 1983 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1655f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Hungary 1981 1983 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 1656f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# 1657374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1658f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiZone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Nov 1 1659503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 1660f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/OGYK_RT_1941/?pg=1204 1661f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/OGYK_RT_1942/?pg=3955 1662f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 7 23:00 1663503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 1664f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1984 1665503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 EU CE%sT 1666503609a9SYuri Pankov 1667503609a9SYuri Pankov# Italy 1668f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# San Marino 1669f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Vatican City 1670503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1671503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06): 1672503609a9SYuri Pankov# Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893, 1673503609a9SYuri Pankov# called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32). 1674503609a9SYuri Pankov# During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time. 1675503609a9SYuri Pankov# But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff, 1676503609a9SYuri Pankov# so record only the time in Rome. 1677503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1678374df668SAndy Fiddaman# From Stephen Trainor (2019-05-06): 1679374df668SAndy Fiddaman# http://www.ac-ilsestante.it/MERIDIANE/ora_legale/ORA_LEGALE_ESTIVA_IN_ITALIA.htm 1680374df668SAndy Fiddaman# ... the [1866] law went into effect on 12 December 1866, rather than 1681374df668SAndy Fiddaman# the date of the decree (22 Sep 1866) 1682374df668SAndy Fiddaman# https://web.archive.org/web/20070824155341/http://www.iav.it/planetario/didastro/didastro/english.htm 1683374df668SAndy Fiddaman# ... "In Italy in 1866 there were 6 railway times (Torino, Verona, Firenze, 1684374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Roma, Napoli, Palermo). On that year it was decided to unify them, adopting 1685374df668SAndy Fiddaman# the average time of Rome (even if this city was not yet part of the 1686374df668SAndy Fiddaman# kingdom). On the 12th December 1866, on the starting of the winter time 1687374df668SAndy Fiddaman# table, it took effect in the railways, the post office and the telegraph, 1688374df668SAndy Fiddaman# not only for the internal service but also for the public.... Milano set 1689374df668SAndy Fiddaman# the public watches on the Rome time on the same day (12th December 1866), 1690374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Torino and Bologna on the 1st January 1867, Venezia the 1st May 1880 and the 1691374df668SAndy Fiddaman# last city was Cagliari in 1886." 1692374df668SAndy Fiddaman# 1693374df668SAndy Fiddaman# From Luigi Rosa (2019-05-07): 1694374df668SAndy Fiddaman# this is the scan of the decree: 1695374df668SAndy Fiddaman# http://www.radiomarconi.com/marconi/filopanti/1866c.jpg 1696374df668SAndy Fiddaman# 1697dafc4501SDan McDonald# From Michael Deckers (2016-10-24): 1698dafc4501SDan McDonald# http://www.ac-ilsestante.it/MERIDIANE/ora_legale quotes a law of 1893-08-10 1699dafc4501SDan McDonald# ... [translated as] "The preceding dispositions will enter into 1700dafc4501SDan McDonald# force at the instant at which, according to the time specified in 1701dafc4501SDan McDonald# the 1st article, the 1st of November 1893 will begin...." 1702503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1703dafc4501SDan McDonald# From Pierpaolo Bernardi (2016-10-20): 1704dafc4501SDan McDonald# The authoritative source for time in Italy is the national metrological 1705dafc4501SDan McDonald# institute, which has a summary page of historical DST data at 1706dafc4501SDan McDonald# http://www.inrim.it/res/tf/ora_legale_i.shtml 1707374df668SAndy Fiddaman# [now at http://oldsite.inrim.it/res/tf/ora_legale_i.shtml as of 2017] 1708dafc4501SDan McDonald# (2016-10-24): 1709dafc4501SDan McDonald# http://www.renzobaldini.it/le-ore-legali-in-italia/ 1710dafc4501SDan McDonald# has still different data for 1944. It divides Italy in two, as 1711dafc4501SDan McDonald# there were effectively two governments at the time, north of Gothic 1712dafc4501SDan McDonald# Line German controlled territory, official government RSI, and south 1713dafc4501SDan McDonald# of the Gothic Line, controlled by allied armies. 1714dafc4501SDan McDonald# 1715dafc4501SDan McDonald# From Brian Inglis (2016-10-23): 1716dafc4501SDan McDonald# Viceregal LEGISLATIVE DECREE. 14 September 1944, no. 219. 1717dafc4501SDan McDonald# Restoration of Standard Time. (044U0219) (OJ 62 of 30.9.1944) ... 1718dafc4501SDan McDonald# Given the R. law decreed on 1944-03-29, no. 92, by which standard time is 1719dafc4501SDan McDonald# advanced to sixty minutes later starting at hour two on 1944-04-02; ... 1720dafc4501SDan McDonald# Starting at hour three on the date 1944-09-17 standard time will be resumed. 1721dafc4501SDan McDonald# 172206965442SAndy Fiddaman# From Alois Treindl (2019-07-02): 1723374df668SAndy Fiddaman# I spent 6 Euros to buy two archive copies of Il Messaggero, a Roman paper, 1724374df668SAndy Fiddaman# for 1 and 2 April 1944. The edition of 2 April has this note: "Tonight at 2 1725374df668SAndy Fiddaman# am, put forward the clock by one hour. Remember that in the night between 1726374df668SAndy Fiddaman# today and Monday the 'ora legale' will come in force again." That makes it 1727374df668SAndy Fiddaman# clear that in Rome the change was on Monday, 3 April 1944 at 2 am. 1728374df668SAndy Fiddaman# 172906965442SAndy Fiddaman# From Paul Eggert (2021-10-05): 1730dafc4501SDan McDonald# Go with INRiM for DST rules, except as corrected by Inglis for 1944 1731dafc4501SDan McDonald# for the Kingdom of Italy. This is consistent with Renzo Baldini. 1732b654b02dSYuri Pankov# Model Rome's occupation by using C-Eur rules from 1943-09-10 1733dafc4501SDan McDonald# to 1944-06-04; although Rome was an open city during this period, it 173406965442SAndy Fiddaman# was effectively controlled by Germany. Using C-Eur is consistent 173506965442SAndy Fiddaman# with Treindl's comment about Rome in April 1944, as the "Rule Italy" 173606965442SAndy Fiddaman# lines during German occupation do not affect Europe/Rome 173706965442SAndy Fiddaman# (though they do affect Europe/Malta). 1738503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1739f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1740dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 24:00 1:00 S 1741dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1916 1917 - Sep 30 24:00 0 - 1742dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1917 only - Mar 31 24:00 1:00 S 1743dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1918 only - Mar 9 24:00 1:00 S 1744dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1918 only - Oct 6 24:00 0 - 1745dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1919 only - Mar 1 24:00 1:00 S 1746dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1919 only - Oct 4 24:00 0 - 1747dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1920 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 S 1748dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1920 only - Sep 18 24:00 0 - 1749dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1940 only - Jun 14 24:00 1:00 S 1750dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 - 1751dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S 1752dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 - 1753dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1944 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 1754dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 - 1755503609a9SYuri PankovRule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 S 1756dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 1:00 0 - 1757503609a9SYuri PankovRule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 S 1758503609a9SYuri PankovRule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 - 1759503609a9SYuri PankovRule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 S 1760503609a9SYuri PankovRule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 - 1761503609a9SYuri PankovRule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 S 1762503609a9SYuri PankovRule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 - 1763dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S 1764dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1966 only - Sep 24 24:00 0 - 1765dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1967 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00s 0 - 1766dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1767dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00s 1:00 S 1768dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1769dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S 1770dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1771dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1772dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S 1773dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1774dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00s 1:00 S 1775503609a9SYuri PankovRule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1776503609a9SYuri PankovRule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1777503609a9SYuri PankovRule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S 1778503609a9SYuri PankovRule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S 1779503609a9SYuri PankovRule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1780503609a9SYuri PankovRule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - 1781374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1782374df668SAndy FiddamanZone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Dec 12 1783427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Oct 31 23:00u # Rome Mean 1784dafc4501SDan McDonald 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1943 Sep 10 1785dafc4501SDan McDonald 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jun 4 1786503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980 1787503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 EU CE%sT 178806965442SAndy Fiddaman 1789503609a9SYuri Pankov# Latvia 1790503609a9SYuri Pankov 1791503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Liene Kanepe (1998-09-17): 1792503609a9SYuri Pankov 1793503609a9SYuri Pankov# I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy 1794503609a9SYuri Pankov# of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the 1795503609a9SYuri Pankov# correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about 1796503609a9SYuri Pankov# changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981.... 1797503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1798503609a9SYuri Pankov# Act No. 35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ... 1799503609a9SYuri Pankov# according to the Act No. 925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24 1800503609a9SYuri Pankov# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning 1801503609a9SYuri Pankov# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00) 1802503609a9SYuri Pankov# and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00). 1803503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1804503609a9SYuri Pankov# Act No. 592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ... 1805503609a9SYuri Pankov# according to the Act No. 967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13 1806503609a9SYuri Pankov# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning 1807503609a9SYuri Pankov# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1808503609a9SYuri Pankov# (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of 1809503609a9SYuri Pankov# September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day). 1810503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1811503609a9SYuri Pankov# Act No. 81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ... 1812503609a9SYuri Pankov# according to the Act No. 227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14 1813503609a9SYuri Pankov# ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, 1814503609a9SYuri Pankov# Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the 1815503609a9SYuri Pankov# time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia 1816503609a9SYuri Pankov# transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1817503609a9SYuri Pankov# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward. The end of 1818503609a9SYuri Pankov# daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00 1819503609a9SYuri Pankov# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is 1820503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock.... 1821503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1822503609a9SYuri Pankov# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of 1823503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of 1824503609a9SYuri Pankov# daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union. 1825503609a9SYuri Pankov 1826503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06): 1827503609a9SYuri Pankov# This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in 1828503609a9SYuri Pankov# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of 1829503609a9SYuri Pankov# 29-Feb-2000 (No. 79) <http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm>, 1830503609a9SYuri Pankov# in Latvian for subscribers only). 1831503609a9SYuri Pankov 1832503609a9SYuri Pankov# From RFE/RL Newsline 1833503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html 1834503609a9SYuri Pankov# (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow: 1835503609a9SYuri Pankov# The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will 1836503609a9SYuri Pankov# institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported. 1837503609a9SYuri Pankov# Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their 1838503609a9SYuri Pankov# clocks one hour in the spring.... 1839503609a9SYuri Pankov# Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvītis noted that Latvia had too few 1840503609a9SYuri Pankov# daylight hours and thus decided to comply with a draft European 1841503609a9SYuri Pankov# Commission directive that provides for instituting daylight-saving 1842503609a9SYuri Pankov# time in EU countries between 2002 and 2006. The Latvian government 1843503609a9SYuri Pankov# urged Lithuania and Estonia to adopt a similar time policy, but it 1844503609a9SYuri Pankov# appears that they will not do so.... 1845503609a9SYuri Pankov 1846f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1847503609a9SYuri PankovRule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1848503609a9SYuri PankovRule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1849503609a9SYuri Pankov 1850503609a9SYuri Pankov# Milne 1899 says Riga was 1:36:28 (Polytechnique House time). 1851503609a9SYuri Pankov# Byalokoz 1919 says Latvia was 1:36:34. 1852503609a9SYuri Pankov# Go with Byalokoz. 1853503609a9SYuri Pankov 1854374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1855503609a9SYuri PankovZone Europe/Riga 1:36:34 - LMT 1880 1856503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:36:34 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 # Riga MT 1857503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:36:34 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 # Latvian ST 1858503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:36:34 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00 1859503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:36:34 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00 1860503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:36:34 - RMT 1926 May 11 1861503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5 1862503609a9SYuri Pankov 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul 1863503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13 1864503609a9SYuri Pankov 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s 1865503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s 1866503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21 1867503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29 1868503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 - EET 2001 Jan 2 1869503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 EU EE%sT 1870503609a9SYuri Pankov 1871503609a9SYuri Pankov# Lithuania 1872503609a9SYuri Pankov 1873503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 1874503609a9SYuri Pankov# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 1875503609a9SYuri Pankov 1876503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 1877503609a9SYuri Pankov# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is 1878503609a9SYuri Pankov# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too. 1879503609a9SYuri Pankov 1880503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Marius Gedminas (1998-08-07): 1881503609a9SYuri Pankov# I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone 1882503609a9SYuri Pankov# (Europe/Vilnius) was changed. 1883503609a9SYuri Pankov 1884503609a9SYuri Pankov# From ELTA No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29) <http://www.elta.lt/>, 1885503609a9SYuri Pankov# via Steffen Thorsen: 1886503609a9SYuri Pankov# Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours) 1887503609a9SYuri Pankov# to be valid here starting from October 31, 1888503609a9SYuri Pankov# as decided by the national government on Wednesday.... 1889503609a9SYuri Pankov# The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a 1890503609a9SYuri Pankov# motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was 1891503609a9SYuri Pankov# already done by Estonia. 1892503609a9SYuri Pankov 1893503609a9SYuri Pankov# From the Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism 1894503609a9SYuri Pankov# <http://www.tourism.lt/informa/ff.htm> (2000-03-27): 1895503609a9SYuri Pankov# Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving. 1896503609a9SYuri Pankov 1897503609a9SYuri Pankov# From a user via Klaus Marten (2003-02-07): 1898503609a9SYuri Pankov# As a candidate for membership of the European Union, Lithuania will 1899503609a9SYuri Pankov# observe Summer Time in 2003, changing its clocks at the times laid 1900503609a9SYuri Pankov# down in EU Directive 2000/84 of 19.I.01 (i.e. at the same times as its 1901503609a9SYuri Pankov# neighbour Latvia). The text of the Lithuanian government Order of 1902503609a9SYuri Pankov# 7.XI.02 to this effect can be found at 1903503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.lrvk.lt/nut/11/n1749.htm 1904503609a9SYuri Pankov 1905503609a9SYuri Pankov 1906374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1907503609a9SYuri PankovZone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880 1908503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time 1909503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time 1910503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12 1911503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9 1912503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3 1913503609a9SYuri Pankov 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24 1914503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 1915503609a9SYuri Pankov 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 1916503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1917503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 1918503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u 1919503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u 1920503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 - EET 2003 Jan 1 1921503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 EU EE%sT 1922503609a9SYuri Pankov 1923503609a9SYuri Pankov# Malta 1924dafc4501SDan McDonald# 1925dafc4501SDan McDonald# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-21): 1926dafc4501SDan McDonald# Assume 1900-1972 was like Rome, overriding Shanks. 1927dafc4501SDan McDonald# 1928f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1929503609a9SYuri PankovRule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S 1930503609a9SYuri PankovRule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 - 1931503609a9SYuri PankovRule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S 1932503609a9SYuri PankovRule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 - 1933503609a9SYuri PankovRule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S 1934503609a9SYuri PankovRule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 1935503609a9SYuri PankovRule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 1936374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1937427b4c5cSAndy FiddamanZone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 # Valletta 1938503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31 1939503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981 1940503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 EU CE%sT 1941503609a9SYuri Pankov 1942503609a9SYuri Pankov# Moldova 1943503609a9SYuri Pankov 1944503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07): 1945503609a9SYuri Pankov# the act of the government of the Republic of Moldova Nr. 132 from 1990-05-04 1946503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://lex.justice.md/viewdoc.php?action=view&view=doc&id=298782&lang=2 1947503609a9SYuri Pankov# ... says that since 1990-05-06 on the territory of the Moldavian SSR 1948503609a9SYuri Pankov# time would be calculated as the standard time of the second time belt 1949503609a9SYuri Pankov# plus one hour of the "summer" time. To implement that clocks would be 1950503609a9SYuri Pankov# adjusted one hour backwards at 1990-05-06 2:00. After that "summer" 1951503609a9SYuri Pankov# time would be cancelled last Sunday of September at 3:00 and 1952503609a9SYuri Pankov# reintroduced last Sunday of March at 2:00. 1953503609a9SYuri Pankov 1954503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1955503609a9SYuri Pankov# A previous version of this database followed Shanks & Pottenger, who write 1956503609a9SYuri Pankov# that Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00. 1957503609a9SYuri Pankov# However, this is most likely an error, as Moldova declared independence 1958503609a9SYuri Pankov# on 1991-08-27 (the 1992-01-19 date is that of a Russian decree). 1959503609a9SYuri Pankov# In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area 1960503609a9SYuri Pankov# and it's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time. 1961503609a9SYuri Pankov# But [two people] separately reported via 1962503609a9SYuri Pankov# Jesper Nørgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau. 1963503609a9SYuri Pankov# The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now. 1964503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1965503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-17): 1966503609a9SYuri Pankov# Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR, also known as 1967503609a9SYuri Pankov# "Pridnestrovie") has abolished seasonal clock change (no transition 1968503609a9SYuri Pankov# to the Winter Time). 1969503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1970503609a9SYuri Pankov# News (in Russian): 1971503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html 1972503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html 1973503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1974503609a9SYuri Pankov# The substance of this change (reinstatement of the Tiraspol entry) 1975503609a9SYuri Pankov# is from a patch from Petr Machata (2011-10-17) 1976503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1977503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Tim Parenti (2011-10-19) 1978503609a9SYuri Pankov# In addition, being situated at +4651+2938 would give Tiraspol 1979503609a9SYuri Pankov# a pre-1880 LMT offset of 1:58:32. 1980503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1981503609a9SYuri Pankov# (which agrees with the earlier entry that had been removed) 1982503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1983503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-26) 1984503609a9SYuri Pankov# NO need to divide Moldova into two timezones at this point. 1985503609a9SYuri Pankov# As of today, Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- Tiraspol reversed its own 1986503609a9SYuri Pankov# decision to abolish DST this winter. 1987503609a9SYuri Pankov# Following Moldova and neighboring Ukraine- Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- 1988503609a9SYuri Pankov# Tiraspol will go back to winter time on October 30, 2011. 1989503609a9SYuri Pankov# News from Moldova (in russian): 1990b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html 1991503609a9SYuri Pankov 1992503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Roman Tudos (2015-07-02): 1993503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://lex.justice.md/index.php?action=view&view=doc&lang=1&id=355077 1994503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2015-07-01): 1995503609a9SYuri Pankov# The abovementioned official link to IGO1445-868/2014 states that 1996503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2014-10-26's fallback transition occurred at 03:00 local time. Also, 1997b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.trm.md/en/social/la-30-martie-vom-trece-la-ora-de-vara 1998503609a9SYuri Pankov# says the 2014-03-30 spring-forward transition was at 02:00 local time. 1999503609a9SYuri Pankov# Guess that since 1997 Moldova has switched one hour before the EU. 2000503609a9SYuri Pankov 2001f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2002503609a9SYuri PankovRule Moldova 1997 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 2003503609a9SYuri PankovRule Moldova 1997 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - 2004503609a9SYuri Pankov 2005374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2006503609a9SYuri PankovZone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880 2007503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT 2008503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 2009503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15 2010503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17 2011503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24 2012503609a9SYuri Pankov 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 May 6 2:00 2013503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 2014503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 2015503609a9SYuri Pankov# See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules. 2016503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 Moldova EE%sT 2017503609a9SYuri Pankov 2018503609a9SYuri Pankov# Poland 2019503609a9SYuri Pankov 2020503609a9SYuri Pankov# The 1919 dates and times can be found in Tygodnik Urzędowy nr 1 (1919-03-20), 2021503609a9SYuri Pankov# <http://www.wbc.poznan.pl/publication/32156> pp 1-2. 2022503609a9SYuri Pankov 2023f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2024503609a9SYuri PankovRule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 2025503609a9SYuri PankovRule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S 2026503609a9SYuri PankovRule Poland 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S 2027503609a9SYuri Pankov# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2028503609a9SYuri PankovRule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 2029503609a9SYuri Pankov# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2030503609a9SYuri PankovRule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S 2031503609a9SYuri PankovRule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 2032503609a9SYuri Pankov# For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski, 2033503609a9SYuri Pankov# Toruń Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U., 2034b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1 2035503609a9SYuri Pankov# Thanks to Przemysław Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference. 2036503609a9SYuri Pankov# He also gives these further references: 2037503609a9SYuri Pankov# Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) <http://www.abc.com.pl/serwis/mp/1995/0162.htm> 2038503609a9SYuri Pankov# Druk nr 2180 (2003) <http://www.senat.gov.pl/k5/dok/sejm/053/2180.pdf> 2039503609a9SYuri PankovRule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00s 1:00 S 2040503609a9SYuri PankovRule Poland 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 2041503609a9SYuri PankovRule Poland 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S 2042503609a9SYuri PankovRule Poland 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 2043503609a9SYuri PankovRule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 2044503609a9SYuri PankovRule Poland 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S 2045503609a9SYuri PankovRule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 S 2046503609a9SYuri PankovRule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 2047503609a9SYuri PankovRule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 S 2048503609a9SYuri PankovRule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 S 2049503609a9SYuri PankovRule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 - 2050503609a9SYuri PankovRule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 S 2051503609a9SYuri PankovRule Poland 1961 1964 - May lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 2052503609a9SYuri PankovRule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 2053374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2054503609a9SYuri PankovZone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880 2055503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time 2056503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00 2057503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun 2058503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00 2059503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 2060503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977 2061503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1988 2062503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 EU CE%sT 2063503609a9SYuri Pankov 2064503609a9SYuri Pankov# Portugal 20653508b934SYuri Pankov 2066503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-11), after a heads-up from Stephen Colebourne: 2067503609a9SYuri Pankov# According to a Portuguese decree (1911-05-26) 2068b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://dre.pt/application/dir/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 2069503609a9SYuri Pankov# Lisbon was at -0:36:44.68, but switched to GMT on 1912-01-01 at 00:00. 2070503609a9SYuri Pankov# 20713508b934SYuri Pankov# From Michael Deckers (2018-02-15): 20723508b934SYuri Pankov# article 5 [of the 1911 decree; Deckers's translation] ...: 20733508b934SYuri Pankov# These dispositions shall enter into force at the instant at which, 20743508b934SYuri Pankov# according to the 2nd article, the civil day January 1, 1912 begins, 20753508b934SYuri Pankov# all clocks therefore having to be advanced or set back correspondingly ... 20763508b934SYuri Pankov 2077503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12): 2078503609a9SYuri Pankov# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone 2079503609a9SYuri Pankov# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC. 2080503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2081503609a9SYuri Pankov# Martin Bruckmann (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve 2082503609a9SYuri Pankov# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring. 2083503609a9SYuri Pankov# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter. 2084503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2085503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12): 2086503609a9SYuri Pankov# IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions 2087503609a9SYuri Pankov# at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos. 2088503609a9SYuri Pankov# IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00. 2089503609a9SYuri Pankov# IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00. 2090503609a9SYuri Pankov# Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal 20914b8ee424SYuri Pankov# harmonized with EU rules), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter. 2092503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2093f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2094503609a9SYuri Pankov# DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not 2095503609a9SYuri Pankov# done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules. 2096503609a9SYuri Pankov# Go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2097503609a9SYuri PankovRule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S 2098503609a9SYuri Pankov# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2099503609a9SYuri PankovRule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 - 2100503609a9SYuri PankovRule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 2101503609a9SYuri PankovRule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - 2102503609a9SYuri PankovRule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 2103503609a9SYuri PankovRule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 2104503609a9SYuri PankovRule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 S 2105503609a9SYuri PankovRule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 2106503609a9SYuri PankovRule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S 2107503609a9SYuri PankovRule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - 2108503609a9SYuri PankovRule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 2109503609a9SYuri PankovRule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2110503609a9SYuri PankovRule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 2111503609a9SYuri PankovRule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 2112503609a9SYuri PankovRule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 2113503609a9SYuri PankovRule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 2114503609a9SYuri Pankov# Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2115503609a9SYuri PankovRule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2116503609a9SYuri PankovRule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S 2117503609a9SYuri PankovRule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S 2118503609a9SYuri Pankov# Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2119503609a9SYuri PankovRule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2120503609a9SYuri Pankov# Shanks & Pottenger give 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman. 2121503609a9SYuri PankovRule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S 2122503609a9SYuri PankovRule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 2123503609a9SYuri Pankov# Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2124503609a9SYuri PankovRule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S 2125503609a9SYuri PankovRule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S 2126503609a9SYuri PankovRule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 2127503609a9SYuri Pankov# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2128503609a9SYuri PankovRule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 2129503609a9SYuri PankovRule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 S 2130503609a9SYuri Pankov# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman. 2131503609a9SYuri PankovRule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 - 2132503609a9SYuri PankovRule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S 2133503609a9SYuri PankovRule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 S 2134503609a9SYuri PankovRule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer 2135503609a9SYuri PankovRule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 S 2136503609a9SYuri PankovRule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 - 2137503609a9SYuri PankovRule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 M 2138503609a9SYuri PankovRule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 S 2139503609a9SYuri PankovRule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 M 2140503609a9SYuri PankovRule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 S 2141503609a9SYuri PankovRule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 214206965442SAndy Fiddaman# Whitman says DST was not observed in 1950; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2143503609a9SYuri Pankov# Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 214406965442SAndy FiddamanRule Port 1947 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 214506965442SAndy FiddamanRule Port 1947 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 2146503609a9SYuri PankovRule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 S 2147503609a9SYuri PankovRule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 - 2148503609a9SYuri PankovRule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S 2149503609a9SYuri PankovRule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 2150503609a9SYuri PankovRule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 2151503609a9SYuri PankovRule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S 2152503609a9SYuri PankovRule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 2153503609a9SYuri PankovRule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 2154503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2155374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2156427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman #STDOFF -0:36:44.68 2157503609a9SYuri PankovZone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:45 - LMT 1884 21583508b934SYuri Pankov -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 0:00u # Lisbon MT 2159503609a9SYuri Pankov 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 2160503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00 2161503609a9SYuri Pankov 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 2162503609a9SYuri Pankov 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 2163503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u 2164503609a9SYuri Pankov 0:00 EU WE%sT 2165503609a9SYuri PankovZone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada 21663508b934SYuri Pankov -1:54:32 - HMT 1912 Jan 1 2:00u # Horta MT 2167427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support %z. 2168427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# -2:00 Port %z 1966 Apr 3 2:00 2169427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# -1:00 Port %z 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 2170427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# -1:00 W-Eur %z 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 2171427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# Rearguard section, for parsers lacking %z; see ziguard.awk. 2172dafc4501SDan McDonald -2:00 Port -02/-01 1942 Apr 25 22:00s 2173dafc4501SDan McDonald -2:00 Port +00 1942 Aug 15 22:00s 2174dafc4501SDan McDonald -2:00 Port -02/-01 1943 Apr 17 22:00s 2175dafc4501SDan McDonald -2:00 Port +00 1943 Aug 28 22:00s 2176dafc4501SDan McDonald -2:00 Port -02/-01 1944 Apr 22 22:00s 2177dafc4501SDan McDonald -2:00 Port +00 1944 Aug 26 22:00s 2178dafc4501SDan McDonald -2:00 Port -02/-01 1945 Apr 21 22:00s 2179dafc4501SDan McDonald -2:00 Port +00 1945 Aug 25 22:00s 2180dafc4501SDan McDonald -2:00 Port -02/-01 1966 Apr 3 2:00 2181dafc4501SDan McDonald -1:00 Port -01/+00 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 2182dafc4501SDan McDonald -1:00 W-Eur -01/+00 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 2183427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# End of rearguard section. 2184503609a9SYuri Pankov 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u 2185dafc4501SDan McDonald -1:00 EU -01/+00 2186503609a9SYuri PankovZone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal 21873508b934SYuri Pankov -1:07:36 - FMT 1912 Jan 1 1:00u # Funchal MT 2188427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support %z. 2189427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# -1:00 Port %z 1966 Apr 3 2:00 2190427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# Rearguard section, for parsers lacking %z; see ziguard.awk. 2191dafc4501SDan McDonald -1:00 Port -01/+00 1942 Apr 25 22:00s 2192dafc4501SDan McDonald -1:00 Port +01 1942 Aug 15 22:00s 2193dafc4501SDan McDonald -1:00 Port -01/+00 1943 Apr 17 22:00s 2194dafc4501SDan McDonald -1:00 Port +01 1943 Aug 28 22:00s 2195dafc4501SDan McDonald -1:00 Port -01/+00 1944 Apr 22 22:00s 2196dafc4501SDan McDonald -1:00 Port +01 1944 Aug 26 22:00s 2197dafc4501SDan McDonald -1:00 Port -01/+00 1945 Apr 21 22:00s 2198dafc4501SDan McDonald -1:00 Port +01 1945 Aug 25 22:00s 2199dafc4501SDan McDonald -1:00 Port -01/+00 1966 Apr 3 2:00 2200427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# End of rearguard section. 2201503609a9SYuri Pankov 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 2202503609a9SYuri Pankov 0:00 EU WE%sT 2203503609a9SYuri Pankov 2204503609a9SYuri Pankov# Romania 2205503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2206503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07): 2207503609a9SYuri Pankov# Nine O'clock <http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html> 2208503609a9SYuri Pankov# (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at 2209503609a9SYuri Pankov# 04:00 local time in fall 1998. For lack of better info, 2210503609a9SYuri Pankov# assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997, 2211503609a9SYuri Pankov# the same year as Bulgaria. 2212503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2213f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2214503609a9SYuri PankovRule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S 2215503609a9SYuri PankovRule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - 2216503609a9SYuri PankovRule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S 2217503609a9SYuri PankovRule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S 2218503609a9SYuri PankovRule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 2219503609a9SYuri PankovRule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S 2220503609a9SYuri PankovRule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 2221503609a9SYuri PankovRule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S 2222503609a9SYuri PankovRule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 2223374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2224503609a9SYuri PankovZone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct 2225503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 2226503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s 2227503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 2228503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994 2229503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 2230503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 EU EE%sT 2231503609a9SYuri Pankov 2232503609a9SYuri Pankov 2233503609a9SYuri Pankov# Russia 2234503609a9SYuri Pankov 2235503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-15): 2236503609a9SYuri Pankov# Based on last Russian Government Decree No. 725 on August 31, 2011 2237503609a9SYuri Pankov# (Government document 2238503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.government.ru/gov/results/16355/print/ 2239503609a9SYuri Pankov# in Russian) 2240503609a9SYuri Pankov# there are few corrections have to be made for some Russian time zones... 2241503609a9SYuri Pankov# All updated Russian Time Zones were placed in table and translated to English 2242503609a9SYuri Pankov# by WorldTimeZone.com at the link below: 2243503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia36.htm 2244503609a9SYuri Pankov 2245503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Sanjeev Gupta (2011-09-27): 2246503609a9SYuri Pankov# Scans of [Decree No. 23 of January 8, 1992] are available at: 2247503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://government.consultant.ru/page.aspx?1223966 2248503609a9SYuri Pankov# They are in Cyrillic letters (presumably Russian). 2249503609a9SYuri Pankov 2250503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09): 2251503609a9SYuri Pankov# Regarding the instant when clocks in time-zone-shifting parts of Russia 2252503609a9SYuri Pankov# changed in September 2011: 2253503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2254503609a9SYuri Pankov# One source is 2255503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/ 2256503609a9SYuri Pankov# which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Decree of August 31, 2257503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2011 No. 725" and contains no other dates or "effective date" information. 2258503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2259503609a9SYuri Pankov# Another source is 2260b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html 2261503609a9SYuri Pankov# which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Resolution of the 2262503609a9SYuri Pankov# Government of the Russian Federation on August 31, 2011 N 725" and also 2263503609a9SYuri Pankov# contains "Date first official publication: September 6, 2011 Posted on: 2264503609a9SYuri Pankov# in the 'RG' - Federal Issue No. 5573 September 6, 2011" but which 2265503609a9SYuri Pankov# does not contain any "effective date" information. 2266503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2267503609a9SYuri Pankov# Another source is 2268b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7 2269503609a9SYuri Pankov# which, in note 8, contains "Resolution No. 725 of August 31, 2011... 2270503609a9SYuri Pankov# Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication" 2271503609a9SYuri Pankov# but which does not contain any reference to September 6, 2011. 2272503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2273503609a9SYuri Pankov# The Wikipedia article refers to 2274503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=118896 2275503609a9SYuri Pankov# which seems to copy the text of the government.ru page. 2276503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2277503609a9SYuri Pankov# Tobias Conradi combines Wikipedia's 2278503609a9SYuri Pankov# "as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication" 2279503609a9SYuri Pankov# with www.rg.ru's "Date of first official publication: September 6, 2011" to 2280503609a9SYuri Pankov# get September 13, 2011 as the cutover date (unusually, a Tuesday, as Tobias 2281503609a9SYuri Pankov# Conradi notes). 2282503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2283503609a9SYuri Pankov# None of the sources indicates a time of day for changing clocks. 2284503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2285503609a9SYuri Pankov# Go with 2011-09-13 0:00s. 2286503609a9SYuri Pankov 2287503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-01): 2288503609a9SYuri Pankov# According to the Russian news (ITAR-TASS News Agency) 2289503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://en.itar-tass.com/russia/738562 2290503609a9SYuri Pankov# the State Duma has approved ... the draft bill on returning to 2291503609a9SYuri Pankov# winter time standard and return Russia 11 time zones. The new 2292503609a9SYuri Pankov# regulations will come into effect on October 26, 2014 at 02:00 ... 2293af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/(Spravka)?OpenAgent&RN=431985-6&02 2294503609a9SYuri Pankov# Here is a link where we put together table (based on approved Bill N 2295503609a9SYuri Pankov# 431985-6) with proposed 11 Russian time zones and corresponding 2296503609a9SYuri Pankov# areas/cities/administrative centers in the Russian Federation (in English): 2297503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia65.html 2298503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2299503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-22): 2300503609a9SYuri Pankov# Putin signed the Federal Law 431985-6 ... (in Russian) 2301503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://itar-tass.com/obschestvo/1333711 2302503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.pravo.gov.ru:8080/page.aspx?111660 2303503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/46279 2304b654b02dSYuri Pankov# From October 26, 2014 the new Russian time zone map will look like this: 2305503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-map-2014-07.html 2306503609a9SYuri Pankov 2307503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 2308503609a9SYuri Pankov# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991, 2309503609a9SYuri Pankov# are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks & Pottenger, 2310503609a9SYuri Pankov# except we follow Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat 2311503609a9SYuri Pankov# 23:00, not Sun 02:00s. 2312503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2313503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29): 2314503609a9SYuri Pankov# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow! 2315503609a9SYuri Pankov# I do not know why they have decided to make this change; 2316503609a9SYuri Pankov# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching 2317503609a9SYuri Pankov# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch. 2318503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2319503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Andrey A. Chernov (1996-10-04): 2320503609a9SYuri Pankov# 'MSK' and 'MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with 2321503609a9SYuri Pankov# UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group).... 2322503609a9SYuri Pankov# The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor 2323503609a9SYuri Pankov# (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there. 2324503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2325503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Chris Carrier (1996-10-30): 2326503609a9SYuri Pankov# According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from 2327503609a9SYuri Pankov# Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ... 2328503609a9SYuri Pankov# still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located. 2329503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2330503609a9SYuri Pankov# For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from 2331503609a9SYuri Pankov# John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07): 2332503609a9SYuri Pankov# News - often false - is spread by word of mouth. A rumor that it was 2333503609a9SYuri Pankov# time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with 2334503609a9SYuri Pankov# the rest of Russia for two weeks - even soldiers stationed here began 2335503609a9SYuri Pankov# enforcing curfew at the wrong time. 2336503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2337503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Gwillim Law (2001-06-05): 2338503609a9SYuri Pankov# There's considerable evidence that Sakhalin Island used to be in 2339503609a9SYuri Pankov# UTC+11, and has changed to UTC+10, in this decade. I start with the 2340503609a9SYuri Pankov# SSIM, which listed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in zone RU10 along with Magadan 2341503609a9SYuri Pankov# until February 1997, and then in RU9 with Khabarovsk and Vladivostok 2342503609a9SYuri Pankov# since September 1997.... Although the Kuril Islands are 2343503609a9SYuri Pankov# administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have 2344503609a9SYuri Pankov# remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan. 2345503609a9SYuri Pankov 234605e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# From Marat Nigametzianov (2018-07-16): 234705e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# this is link to order from 1956 about timezone in USSR 234805e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# http://astro.uni-altai.ru/~orion/blog/2011/11/novyie-granitsyi-chasovyih-poyasov-v-sssr/ 234905e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# 235005e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# From Paul Eggert (2018-07-16): 235105e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# Perhaps someone could translate the above-mentioned link and use it 235205e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# to correct our data for the ex-Soviet Union. It cites the following: 235305e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# «Поясное время и новые границы часовых поясов» / сост. П.Н. Долгов, 235405e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# отв. ред. Г.Д. Бурдун - М: Комитет стандартов, мер и измерительных 235505e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# приборов при Совете Министров СССР, Междуведомственная комиссия 235605e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# единой службы времени, 1956 г. 235705e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# This book looks like it would be a helpful resource for the Soviet 235805e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# Union through 1956. Although a copy was in the Scientific Library 235905e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# of Tomsk State University, I have not been able to track down a copy nearby. 236005e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# 236105e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# From Stepan Golosunov (2018-07-21): 236205e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# http://astro.uni-altai.ru/~orion/blog/2015/05/center-reforma-ischisleniya-vremeni-br-na-territorii-sssr-v-1957-godu-center/ 236305e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# says that the 1956 decision to change time belts' borders was not 236405e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# implemented as planned in 1956 and the change happened in 1957. 236505e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# There is also the problem that actual time zones were different from 236605e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# the official time belts (and from many time belts' maps) as there were 236705e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# numerous exceptions to application of time belt rules. For example, 236805e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Московское_время#Перемещение_границы_применения_московского_времени_на_восток 236905e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# says that by 1962 there were many regions in the 3rd time belt that 237005e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# were on Moscow time, referring to a 1962 map. By 1989 number of such 237105e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# exceptions grew considerably. 237205e627dcSAndy Fiddaman 2373503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): 2374503609a9SYuri Pankov# The comments detailing the coverage of each Russian zone are meant to assist 2375503609a9SYuri Pankov# with maintenance only and represent our best guesses as to which regions 2376503609a9SYuri Pankov# are covered by each zone. They are not meant to be taken as an authoritative 2377503609a9SYuri Pankov# listing. The region codes listed come from 2378b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Federal_subjects_of_Russia&oldid=611810498 2379503609a9SYuri Pankov# and are used for convenience only; no guarantees are made regarding their 2380503609a9SYuri Pankov# future stability. ISO 3166-2:RU codes are also listed for first-level 2381503609a9SYuri Pankov# divisions where available. 2382503609a9SYuri Pankov 2383503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 2384503609a9SYuri Pankov# Europe/Kaliningrad covers... 2385503609a9SYuri Pankov# 39 RU-KGD Kaliningrad Oblast 2386503609a9SYuri Pankov 2387374df668SAndy Fiddaman# From Paul Eggert (2019-07-25): 2388374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Although Shanks lists 1945-01-01 as the date for transition from 2389374df668SAndy Fiddaman# +01/+02 to +02/+03, more likely this is a placeholder. Guess that 2390374df668SAndy Fiddaman# the transition occurred at 1945-04-10 00:00, which is about when 239106965442SAndy Fiddaman# Königsberg surrendered to Soviet troops. (Thanks to Alois Treindl.) 2392374df668SAndy Fiddaman 2393503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2394503609a9SYuri Pankov# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 2395503609a9SYuri Pankov 2396503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07): 2397503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.rgo.ru/ru/kaliningradskoe-oblastnoe-otdelenie/ob-otdelenii/publikacii/kak-nam-zhilos-bez-letnego-vremeni 2398503609a9SYuri Pankov# confirms that the 1989 change to Moscow-1 was implemented. 2399503609a9SYuri Pankov# (The article, though, is misattributed to 1990 while saying that 2400503609a9SYuri Pankov# summer->winter transition would be done on the 24 of September. But 2401503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1990-09-24 was Monday, while 1989-09-24 was Sunday as expected.) 2402503609a9SYuri Pankov# ... 2403503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.kaliningradka.ru/site_pc/cherez/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=40091 2404503609a9SYuri Pankov# says that Kaliningrad switched to Moscow-1 on 1989-03-26, avoided 2405503609a9SYuri Pankov# at the last moment switch to Moscow-1 on 1991-03-31, switched to 2406503609a9SYuri Pankov# Moscow on 1991-11-03, switched to Moscow-1 on 1992-01-19. 2407503609a9SYuri Pankov 2408503609a9SYuri PankovZone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr 2409374df668SAndy Fiddaman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 10 2410374df668SAndy Fiddaman 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1946 Apr 7 2411503609a9SYuri Pankov 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 2412503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2413503609a9SYuri Pankov 3:00 - +03 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2414503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 - EET 2415503609a9SYuri Pankov 2416503609a9SYuri Pankov 2417503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2016-02-21), per Tim Parenti (2014-07-03) and 2418503609a9SYuri Pankov# Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 2419503609a9SYuri Pankov# Europe/Moscow covers... 2420503609a9SYuri Pankov# 01 RU-AD Adygea, Republic of 2421503609a9SYuri Pankov# 05 RU-DA Dagestan, Republic of 2422503609a9SYuri Pankov# 06 RU-IN Ingushetia, Republic of 2423503609a9SYuri Pankov# 07 RU-KB Kabardino-Balkar Republic 2424503609a9SYuri Pankov# 08 RU-KL Kalmykia, Republic of 2425503609a9SYuri Pankov# 09 RU-KC Karachay-Cherkess Republic 2426503609a9SYuri Pankov# 10 RU-KR Karelia, Republic of 2427503609a9SYuri Pankov# 11 RU-KO Komi Republic 2428503609a9SYuri Pankov# 12 RU-ME Mari El Republic 2429503609a9SYuri Pankov# 13 RU-MO Mordovia, Republic of 2430503609a9SYuri Pankov# 15 RU-SE North Ossetia-Alania, Republic of 2431503609a9SYuri Pankov# 16 RU-TA Tatarstan, Republic of 2432503609a9SYuri Pankov# 20 RU-CE Chechen Republic 2433503609a9SYuri Pankov# 21 RU-CU Chuvash Republic 2434503609a9SYuri Pankov# 23 RU-KDA Krasnodar Krai 2435503609a9SYuri Pankov# 26 RU-STA Stavropol Krai 2436503609a9SYuri Pankov# 29 RU-ARK Arkhangelsk Oblast 2437503609a9SYuri Pankov# 31 RU-BEL Belgorod Oblast 2438503609a9SYuri Pankov# 32 RU-BRY Bryansk Oblast 2439503609a9SYuri Pankov# 33 RU-VLA Vladimir Oblast 2440503609a9SYuri Pankov# 35 RU-VLG Vologda Oblast 2441503609a9SYuri Pankov# 36 RU-VOR Voronezh Oblast 2442503609a9SYuri Pankov# 37 RU-IVA Ivanovo Oblast 2443503609a9SYuri Pankov# 40 RU-KLU Kaluga Oblast 2444503609a9SYuri Pankov# 44 RU-KOS Kostroma Oblast 2445503609a9SYuri Pankov# 46 RU-KRS Kursk Oblast 2446503609a9SYuri Pankov# 47 RU-LEN Leningrad Oblast 2447503609a9SYuri Pankov# 48 RU-LIP Lipetsk Oblast 2448503609a9SYuri Pankov# 50 RU-MOS Moscow Oblast 2449503609a9SYuri Pankov# 51 RU-MUR Murmansk Oblast 2450503609a9SYuri Pankov# 52 RU-NIZ Nizhny Novgorod Oblast 2451503609a9SYuri Pankov# 53 RU-NGR Novgorod Oblast 2452503609a9SYuri Pankov# 57 RU-ORL Oryol Oblast 2453503609a9SYuri Pankov# 58 RU-PNZ Penza Oblast 2454503609a9SYuri Pankov# 60 RU-PSK Pskov Oblast 2455503609a9SYuri Pankov# 61 RU-ROS Rostov Oblast 2456503609a9SYuri Pankov# 62 RU-RYA Ryazan Oblast 2457503609a9SYuri Pankov# 67 RU-SMO Smolensk Oblast 2458503609a9SYuri Pankov# 68 RU-TAM Tambov Oblast 2459503609a9SYuri Pankov# 69 RU-TVE Tver Oblast 2460503609a9SYuri Pankov# 71 RU-TUL Tula Oblast 2461503609a9SYuri Pankov# 76 RU-YAR Yaroslavl Oblast 2462503609a9SYuri Pankov# 77 RU-MOW Moscow 2463503609a9SYuri Pankov# 78 RU-SPE Saint Petersburg 2464503609a9SYuri Pankov# 83 RU-NEN Nenets Autonomous Okrug 2465503609a9SYuri Pankov 2466503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2016-08-23): 2467503609a9SYuri Pankov# The Soviets switched to UT-based time in 1919. Decree No. 59 2468503609a9SYuri Pankov# (1919-02-08) http://istmat.info/node/35567 established UT-based time 2469503609a9SYuri Pankov# zones, and Decree No. 147 (1919-03-29) http://istmat.info/node/35854 2470503609a9SYuri Pankov# specified a transition date of 1919-07-01, apparently at 00:00 UT. 2471503609a9SYuri Pankov# No doubt only the Soviet-controlled regions switched on that date; 2472503609a9SYuri Pankov# later transitions to UT-based time in other parts of Russia are 2473503609a9SYuri Pankov# taken from what appear to be guesses by Shanks. 2474503609a9SYuri Pankov# (Thanks to Alexander Belopolsky for pointers to the decrees.) 2475503609a9SYuri Pankov 2476503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07): 2477503609a9SYuri Pankov# 11. Regions-violators, 1981-1982. 2478503609a9SYuri Pankov# Wikipedia refers to 2479503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://maps.monetonos.ru/maps/raznoe/Old_Maps/Old_Maps/Articles/022/3_1981.html 2480503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://besp.narod.ru/nauka_1981_3.htm 2481503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2482503609a9SYuri Pankov# The second link provides two articles scanned from the Nauka i Zhizn 2483503609a9SYuri Pankov# magazine No. 3, 1981 and a scan of the short article attributed to 2484503609a9SYuri Pankov# the Trud newspaper from February 1982. The first link provides the 2485503609a9SYuri Pankov# same Nauka i Zhizn articles converted to the text form (but misses 2486503609a9SYuri Pankov# time belt changes map). 2487503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2488503609a9SYuri Pankov# The second Nauka i Zhizn article says that in addition to 2489503609a9SYuri Pankov# introduction of summer time on 1981-04-01 there are some time belt 2490503609a9SYuri Pankov# border changes on 1981-10-01, mostly affecting Nenets Autonomous 2491503609a9SYuri Pankov# Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Yakutia, Magadan Oblast and Chukotka 2492503609a9SYuri Pankov# according to the provided map (colored one). In addition to that 2493503609a9SYuri Pankov# "time violators" (regions which were not using rules of the time 2494503609a9SYuri Pankov# belts in which they were located) would not be moving off the DST on 2495503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1981-10-01 to restore the decree time usage. (Komi ASSR was 2496503609a9SYuri Pankov# supposed to repeat that move in October 1982 to account for the 2 2497503609a9SYuri Pankov# hour difference.) Map depicting "time violators" before 1981-10-01 2498503609a9SYuri Pankov# is also provided. 2499503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2500503609a9SYuri Pankov# The article from Trud says that 1981-10-01 changes caused problems 2501503609a9SYuri Pankov# and some territories would be moved to pre-1981-10-01 time by not 2502503609a9SYuri Pankov# moving to summer time on 1982-04-01. Namely: Dagestan, 2503503609a9SYuri Pankov# Kabardino-Balkar, Kalmyk, Komi, Mari, Mordovian, North Ossetian, 2504503609a9SYuri Pankov# Tatar, Chechen-Ingush and Chuvash ASSR, Krasnodar and Stavropol 2505503609a9SYuri Pankov# krais, Arkhangelsk, Vladimir, Vologda, Voronezh, Gorky, Ivanovo, 2506503609a9SYuri Pankov# Kostroma, Lipetsk, Penza, Rostov, Ryazan, Tambov, Tyumen and 2507503609a9SYuri Pankov# Yaroslavl oblasts, Nenets and Evenk autonomous okrugs, Khatangsky 2508503609a9SYuri Pankov# district of Taymyr Autonomous Okrug. As a result Evenk Autonomous 2509503609a9SYuri Pankov# Okrug and Khatangsky district of Taymyr Autonomous Okrug would end 2510503609a9SYuri Pankov# up on Moscow+4, Tyumen Oblast on Moscow+2 and the rest on Moscow 2511503609a9SYuri Pankov# time. 2512503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2513503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt 2514503609a9SYuri Pankov# attributes the 1982 changes to the Act of the Council of Ministers 2515503609a9SYuri Pankov# of the USSR No. 126 from 18.02.1982. 1980-925.txt also adds 2516503609a9SYuri Pankov# Udmurtia to the list of affected territories and lists Khatangsky 2517503609a9SYuri Pankov# district separately from Taymyr Autonomous Okrug. Probably erroneously. 2518503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2519503609a9SYuri Pankov# The affected territories are currently listed under Europe/Moscow, 2520503609a9SYuri Pankov# Asia/Yekaterinburg and Asia/Krasnoyarsk. 2521503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2522503609a9SYuri Pankov# 12. Udmurtia 2523503609a9SYuri Pankov# The fact that Udmurtia is depicted as a violator in the Nauka i 2524503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zhizn article hints at Izhevsk being on different time from 2525503609a9SYuri Pankov# Kuybyshev before 1981-10-01. Udmurtia is not mentioned in the 1989 act. 2526503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt 2527503609a9SYuri Pankov# implies Udmurtia was on Moscow time after 1982-04-01. 2528503609a9SYuri Pankov# Wikipedia implies Udmurtia being on Moscow+1 until 1991. 2529503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2530503609a9SYuri Pankov# ... 2531503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2532503609a9SYuri Pankov# All Russian zones are supposed to have by default a -1 change at 2533503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1991-03-31 2:00 (cancellation of the decree time in the USSR) and a +1 2534503609a9SYuri Pankov# change at 1992-01-19 2:00 (restoration of the decree time in Russia). 2535503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2536503609a9SYuri Pankov# There were some exceptions, though. 2537503609a9SYuri Pankov# Wikipedia says newspapers listed Astrakhan, Saratov, Kirov, Volgograd, 2538503609a9SYuri Pankov# Izhevsk, Grozny, Kazan and Samara as such exceptions for the 1992 2539503609a9SYuri Pankov# change. (Different newspapers providing different lists. And some 2540503609a9SYuri Pankov# lists found in the internet are quite wild.) 2541503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2542503609a9SYuri Pankov# And apparently some exceptions were reverted in the last moment. 2543503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.kaliningradka.ru/site_pc/cherez/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=40091 2544503609a9SYuri Pankov# says that Kaliningrad decided not to be an exception 2 days before the 2545503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1991-03-31 switch and one person at 2546b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://izhevsk.ru/forum_light_message/50/682597-m8369040.html 2547503609a9SYuri Pankov# says he remembers that Samara opted out of the 1992-01-19 exception 2548503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2 days before the switch. 2549503609a9SYuri Pankov# 25502de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# From Alois Treindl (2022-02-15): 25512de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# the Russian wikipedia page 25522de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Московское_время#Перемещение_границы_применения_московского_времени_на_восток 25532de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# contains the sentence (in Google translation) "In the autumn of 25542de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# 1981, Arkhangelsk, Vologda, Yaroslavl, Ivanovo, Vladimir, Ryazan, 25552de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# Lipetsk, Voronezh, Rostov-on-Don, Krasnodar and regions to the east 25562de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# of those named (about 30 in total) parted ways with Moscow time. 25572de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# However, the convenience of common time with Moscow turned out to be 25582de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# decisive - in 1982, these regions again switched to Moscow time." 25592de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# Shanks International atlas has similar information, and also the 25602de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# Russian book Zaitsev A., Kutalev D. A new astrologer's reference 25612de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# book. Coordinates of cities and time corrections, - The World of 25622de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# Urania, 2012 (Russian: Зайцев А., Куталёв Д., Новый справочник 25632de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# астролога. Координаты городов и временные поправки). 25642de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# To me it seems that an extra zone is needed, which starts with LMT 25652de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# util 1919, later follows Moscow since 1930, but deviates from it 25662de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# between 1 October 1981 until 1 April 1982. 2567503609a9SYuri Pankov# 25682de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# 25692de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# From Paul Eggert (2022-02-15): 2570503609a9SYuri Pankov# Given the above, we appear to be missing some Zone entries for the 2571503609a9SYuri Pankov# chaotic early 1980s in Russia. It's not clear what these entries 2572503609a9SYuri Pankov# should be. For now, sweep this under the rug and just document the 2573503609a9SYuri Pankov# time in Moscow. 2574503609a9SYuri Pankov 2575503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Vladimir Karpinsky (2014-07-08): 2576503609a9SYuri Pankov# LMT in Moscow (before Jul 3, 1916) is 2:30:17, that was defined by Moscow 25773508b934SYuri Pankov# Observatory (coordinates: 55° 45' 29.70", 37° 34' 05.30").... 2578503609a9SYuri Pankov# LMT in Moscow since Jul 3, 1916 is 2:31:01 as a result of new standard. 2579503609a9SYuri Pankov# (The info is from the book by Byalokoz ... p. 18.) 2580503609a9SYuri Pankov# The time in St. Petersburg as capital of Russia was defined by 2581503609a9SYuri Pankov# Pulkov observatory, near St. Petersburg. In 1916 LMT Moscow 2582503609a9SYuri Pankov# was synchronized with LMT St. Petersburg (+30 minutes), (Pulkov observatory 25833508b934SYuri Pankov# coordinates: 59° 46' 18.70", 30° 19' 40.70") so 30° 19' 40.70" > 2584503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2h01m18.7s = 2:01:19. LMT Moscow = LMT St.Petersburg + 30m 2:01:19 + 0:30 = 2585503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2:31:19 ... 2586503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2587503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08): 2588503609a9SYuri Pankov# Milne does not list Moscow, but suggests that its time might be listed in 2589503609a9SYuri Pankov# Résumés mensuels et annuels des observations météorologiques (1895). 2590503609a9SYuri Pankov# Presumably this is OCLC 85825704, a journal published with parallel text in 2591503609a9SYuri Pankov# Russian and French. This source has not been located; go with Karpinsky. 2592503609a9SYuri Pankov 2593503609a9SYuri PankovZone Europe/Moscow 2:30:17 - LMT 1880 2594503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:30:17 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time 2595503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:31:19 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 0:00u 2596503609a9SYuri Pankov 3:00 Russia %s 1921 Oct 2597503609a9SYuri Pankov 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct 2598503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 2599503609a9SYuri Pankov 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2600503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2601503609a9SYuri Pankov 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2602503609a9SYuri Pankov 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2603503609a9SYuri Pankov 3:00 - MSK 2604503609a9SYuri Pankov 2605503609a9SYuri Pankov 2606dafc4501SDan McDonald# From Paul Eggert (2016-12-06): 2607dafc4501SDan McDonald# Europe/Simferopol covers Crimea. 2608503609a9SYuri Pankov 2609503609a9SYuri PankovZone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880 2610503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T 2611503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 2612503609a9SYuri Pankov 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov 2613503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13 2614503609a9SYuri Pankov 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 2615503609a9SYuri Pankov 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 26162de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 20 2617503609a9SYuri Pankov# Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997. 2618503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2619427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# From Paul Eggert (2022-07-21): 2620427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reported that central Crimea switched 2621427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# from Kyiv to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections. 2622503609a9SYuri Pankov# Shanks (1999) says "date of change uncertain", but implies that it happened 2623503609a9SYuri Pankov# sometime between the 1994 DST switches. Shanks & Pottenger simply say 2624503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right. For now, guess it 2625427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# changed in May. This change evidently didn't last long; see below. 26262de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1994 May 2627427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also said that Kerch is still like Kyiv. 2628427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman 3:00 C-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 0:00s 2629503609a9SYuri Pankov 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s 2630427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# IATA SSIM (1997-09) said Crimea switched to EET/EEST. 2631503609a9SYuri Pankov# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks. 2632503609a9SYuri Pankov 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u 2633503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-03-17): 2634503609a9SYuri Pankov# time change at 2:00 (2am) on March 30, 2014 2635b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://vz.ru/news/2014/3/17/677464.html 2636fff4a956SAndy Fiddaman# From Tim Parenti (2022-07-01), per Paul Eggert (2014-03-30): 2637fff4a956SAndy Fiddaman# The clocks at the railway station in Simferopol were put forward from 22:00 2638fff4a956SAndy Fiddaman# to 24:00 the previous day in a "symbolic ceremony"; however, per 2639fff4a956SAndy Fiddaman# contemporaneous news reports, "ordinary Crimeans [made] the daylight savings 2640fff4a956SAndy Fiddaman# time switch at 2am" on Sunday. 2641fff4a956SAndy Fiddaman# https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/crimea-to-set-clocks-to-russia-time-114033000014_1.html 2642fff4a956SAndy Fiddaman# https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-crimea-time/crimea-switches-to-moscow-time-amid-incorporation-frenzy-idUKBREA2S0LT20140329 2643fff4a956SAndy Fiddaman# https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-europe-26806583 2644503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 2:00 2645503609a9SYuri Pankov 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2646503609a9SYuri Pankov 3:00 - MSK 2647503609a9SYuri Pankov 2648503609a9SYuri Pankov 2649503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2650503609a9SYuri Pankov# Europe/Astrakhan covers: 2651503609a9SYuri Pankov# 30 RU-AST Astrakhan Oblast 2652503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2653503609a9SYuri Pankov# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 2654503609a9SYuri Pankov 2655503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-01-12): 2656503609a9SYuri Pankov# On February 10, 2016 Astrakhan Oblast got approval by the Federation 2657503609a9SYuri Pankov# Council to change its time zone to UTC+4 (from current UTC+3 Moscow time).... 2658503609a9SYuri Pankov# This Federal Law shall enter into force on 27 March 2016 at 02:00. 2659503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09): 2660503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201602150056 2661503609a9SYuri Pankov 2662503609a9SYuri PankovZone Europe/Astrakhan 3:12:12 - LMT 1924 May 2663503609a9SYuri Pankov 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 2664503609a9SYuri Pankov 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 2665503609a9SYuri Pankov 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2666503609a9SYuri Pankov 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 2667503609a9SYuri Pankov 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2668503609a9SYuri Pankov 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2669503609a9SYuri Pankov 3:00 - +03 2016 Mar 27 2:00s 2670503609a9SYuri Pankov 4:00 - +04 2671503609a9SYuri Pankov 2672dafc4501SDan McDonald# From Paul Eggert (2016-11-11): 2673503609a9SYuri Pankov# Europe/Volgograd covers: 2674503609a9SYuri Pankov# 34 RU-VGG Volgograd Oblast 2675503609a9SYuri Pankov# The 1988 transition is from USSR act No. 5 (1988-01-04). 2676503609a9SYuri Pankov 267705e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# From Alexander Fetisov (2018-09-20): 267805e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# Volgograd region in southern Russia (Europe/Volgograd) change 267905e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# timezone from UTC+3 to UTC+4 from 28oct2018. 268005e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# http://sozd.parliament.gov.ru/bill/452878-7 268105e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# 268205e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# From Stepan Golosunov (2018-10-11): 268305e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# The law has been published today on 268405e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201810110037 268505e627dcSAndy Fiddaman 2686f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2020-11-27): 2687f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# The State Duma approved (Nov 24, 2020) the transition of the Volgograd 2688f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# region to the Moscow time zone.... 2689f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://sozd.duma.gov.ru/bill/1012130-7 2690f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# 2691f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# From Stepan Golosunov (2020-12-05): 2692f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Currently proposed text for the second reading (expected on December 8) ... 2693f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# changes the date to December 27. https://v1.ru/text/gorod/2020/12/04/69601031/ 2694f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# 2695f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# From Stepan Golosunov (2020-12-22): 2696f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# The law was published today on 2697f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001202012220002 2698f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi 2699503609a9SYuri PankovZone Europe/Volgograd 2:57:40 - LMT 1920 Jan 3 2700503609a9SYuri Pankov 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 2701503609a9SYuri Pankov 4:00 - +04 1961 Nov 11 2702503609a9SYuri Pankov 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1988 Mar 27 2:00s 2703af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2704503609a9SYuri Pankov 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 2705af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2706af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2707af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman 3:00 - MSK 2018 Oct 28 2:00s 2708f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi 4:00 - +04 2020 Dec 27 2:00s 2709af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman 3:00 - MSK 2710503609a9SYuri Pankov 2711dafc4501SDan McDonald# From Paul Eggert (2016-11-11): 2712dafc4501SDan McDonald# Europe/Saratov covers: 2713dafc4501SDan McDonald# 64 RU-SAR Saratov Oblast 2714dafc4501SDan McDonald 2715dafc4501SDan McDonald# From Yuri Konotopov (2016-11-11): 2716dafc4501SDan McDonald# Dec 4, 2016 02:00 UTC+3.... Saratov Region's local time will be ... UTC+4. 2717dafc4501SDan McDonald# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-11-11): 2718dafc4501SDan McDonald# ... Byalokoz listed Saratov on 03:04:18. 2719dafc4501SDan McDonald# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-11-22): 2720dafc4501SDan McDonald# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201611220031 2721dafc4501SDan McDonald 2722dafc4501SDan McDonaldZone Europe/Saratov 3:04:18 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u 2723dafc4501SDan McDonald 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 2724dafc4501SDan McDonald 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1988 Mar 27 2:00s 2725dafc4501SDan McDonald 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2726dafc4501SDan McDonald 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 2727dafc4501SDan McDonald 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2728dafc4501SDan McDonald 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2729dafc4501SDan McDonald 3:00 - +03 2016 Dec 4 2:00s 2730dafc4501SDan McDonald 4:00 - +04 2731dafc4501SDan McDonald 2732503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2733503609a9SYuri Pankov# Europe/Kirov covers: 2734503609a9SYuri Pankov# 43 RU-KIR Kirov Oblast 2735503609a9SYuri Pankov# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 2736503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2737503609a9SYuri PankovZone Europe/Kirov 3:18:48 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u 2738503609a9SYuri Pankov 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 2739503609a9SYuri Pankov 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 2740af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2741503609a9SYuri Pankov 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 2742af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2743af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2744af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman 3:00 - MSK 2745503609a9SYuri Pankov 2746503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 2747503609a9SYuri Pankov# Europe/Samara covers... 2748503609a9SYuri Pankov# 18 RU-UD Udmurt Republic 2749503609a9SYuri Pankov# 63 RU-SAM Samara Oblast 2750503609a9SYuri Pankov 2751503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2752503609a9SYuri Pankov# Byalokoz 1919 says Samara was 3:20:20. 2753503609a9SYuri Pankov# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 2754503609a9SYuri Pankov 2755503609a9SYuri PankovZone Europe/Samara 3:20:20 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u 2756503609a9SYuri Pankov 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 2757503609a9SYuri Pankov 4:00 - +04 1935 Jan 27 2758503609a9SYuri Pankov 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 2759503609a9SYuri Pankov 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2760503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 Russia +02/+03 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 2761503609a9SYuri Pankov 3:00 - +03 1991 Oct 20 3:00 2762503609a9SYuri Pankov 4:00 Russia +04/+05 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 2763503609a9SYuri Pankov 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2764503609a9SYuri Pankov 4:00 - +04 2765503609a9SYuri Pankov 2766503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2767503609a9SYuri Pankov# Europe/Ulyanovsk covers: 2768503609a9SYuri Pankov# 73 RU-ULY Ulyanovsk Oblast 2769503609a9SYuri Pankov 2770503609a9SYuri Pankov# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 2771503609a9SYuri Pankov 2772503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-02-17): 2773503609a9SYuri Pankov# Ulyanovsk ... on their way to change time zones by March 27, 2016 at 2am. 2774503609a9SYuri Pankov# Ulyanovsk Oblast ... from MSK to MSK+1 (UTC+3 to UTC+4) ... 2775503609a9SYuri Pankov# 920582-6 ... 02/17/2016 The State Duma passed the bill in the first reading. 2776503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09): 2777503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090051 2778503609a9SYuri Pankov 2779503609a9SYuri PankovZone Europe/Ulyanovsk 3:13:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u 2780503609a9SYuri Pankov 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 2781503609a9SYuri Pankov 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 2782503609a9SYuri Pankov 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2783503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 Russia +02/+03 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2784503609a9SYuri Pankov 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2785503609a9SYuri Pankov 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2786503609a9SYuri Pankov 3:00 - +03 2016 Mar 27 2:00s 2787503609a9SYuri Pankov 4:00 - +04 2788503609a9SYuri Pankov 2789503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 2790503609a9SYuri Pankov# Asia/Yekaterinburg covers... 2791503609a9SYuri Pankov# 02 RU-BA Bashkortostan, Republic of 2792503609a9SYuri Pankov# 90 RU-PER Perm Krai 2793503609a9SYuri Pankov# 45 RU-KGN Kurgan Oblast 2794503609a9SYuri Pankov# 56 RU-ORE Orenburg Oblast 2795503609a9SYuri Pankov# 66 RU-SVE Sverdlovsk Oblast 2796503609a9SYuri Pankov# 72 RU-TYU Tyumen Oblast 2797503609a9SYuri Pankov# 74 RU-CHE Chelyabinsk Oblast 2798503609a9SYuri Pankov# 86 RU-KHM Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra 2799503609a9SYuri Pankov# 89 RU-YAN Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug 2800503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2801503609a9SYuri Pankov# Note: Effective 2005-12-01, (59) Perm Oblast and (81) Komi-Permyak 2802503609a9SYuri Pankov# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (90, RU-PER) Perm Krai. 2803503609a9SYuri Pankov 2804427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# Milne says Yekaterinburg was 4:02:32.9. 2805503609a9SYuri Pankov# Byalokoz 1919 says its provincial time was based on Perm, at 3:45:05. 2806503609a9SYuri Pankov# Assume it switched on 1916-07-03, the time of the new standard. 2807503609a9SYuri Pankov# The 1919 and 1930 transitions are from Shanks. 2808503609a9SYuri Pankov 2809427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman #STDOFF 4:02:32.9 2810503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:33 - LMT 1916 Jul 3 2811503609a9SYuri Pankov 3:45:05 - PMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00 2812503609a9SYuri Pankov 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 2813503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 Russia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2814503609a9SYuri Pankov 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2815503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 Russia +05/+06 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2816503609a9SYuri Pankov 6:00 - +06 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2817503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 - +05 2818503609a9SYuri Pankov 2819503609a9SYuri Pankov 2820503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 2821503609a9SYuri Pankov# Asia/Omsk covers... 2822503609a9SYuri Pankov# 55 RU-OMS Omsk Oblast 2823503609a9SYuri Pankov 2824503609a9SYuri Pankov# Byalokoz 1919 says Omsk was 4:53:30. 2825503609a9SYuri Pankov 2826503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Omsk 4:53:30 - LMT 1919 Nov 14 2827503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 2828503609a9SYuri Pankov 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2829503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 Russia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2830503609a9SYuri Pankov 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2831503609a9SYuri Pankov 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2832503609a9SYuri Pankov 6:00 - +06 2833503609a9SYuri Pankov 2834503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2016-02-22): 2835503609a9SYuri Pankov# Asia/Barnaul covers: 2836503609a9SYuri Pankov# 04 RU-AL Altai Republic 2837503609a9SYuri Pankov# 22 RU-ALT Altai Krai 2838503609a9SYuri Pankov 2839503609a9SYuri Pankov# Data before 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger. 2840503609a9SYuri Pankov 2841503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07): 2842503609a9SYuri Pankov# Letter of Bank of Russia from 1995-05-25 2843503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.bestpravo.ru/rossijskoje/lj-akty/y3a.htm 2844503609a9SYuri Pankov# suggests that Altai Republic transitioned to Moscow+3 on 2845503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1995-05-28. 2846503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2847b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://regnum.ru/news/society/1957270.html 2848503609a9SYuri Pankov# has some historical data for Altai Krai: 28494b8ee424SYuri Pankov# before 1957: west part on UT+6, east on UT+7 28504b8ee424SYuri Pankov# after 1957: UT+7 28514b8ee424SYuri Pankov# since 1995: UT+6 2852503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://barnaul.rusplt.ru/index/pochemu_altajskij_kraj_okazalsja_v_neprivychnom_chasovom_pojase-17648.html 2853503609a9SYuri Pankov# confirms that and provides more details including 1995-05-28 transition date. 2854503609a9SYuri Pankov 2855503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-02-17): 2856503609a9SYuri Pankov# Altai Krai and Altai Republic on their way to change time zones 2857503609a9SYuri Pankov# by March 27, 2016 at 2am.... 2858503609a9SYuri Pankov# Altai Republic / Gorno-Altaysk MSK+3 to MSK+4 (UTC+6 to UTC+7) ... 2859503609a9SYuri Pankov# Altai Krai / Barnaul MSK+3 to MSK+4 (UTC+6 to UTC+7) 2860503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09): 2861503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090043 2862503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090038 2863503609a9SYuri Pankov 2864503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Barnaul 5:35:00 - LMT 1919 Dec 10 2865503609a9SYuri Pankov 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21 2866503609a9SYuri Pankov 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2867503609a9SYuri Pankov 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2868503609a9SYuri Pankov 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1995 May 28 2869503609a9SYuri Pankov 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2870503609a9SYuri Pankov 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2871503609a9SYuri Pankov 6:00 - +06 2016 Mar 27 2:00s 2872503609a9SYuri Pankov 7:00 - +07 2873503609a9SYuri Pankov 2874503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2875503609a9SYuri Pankov# Asia/Novosibirsk covers: 2876503609a9SYuri Pankov# 54 RU-NVS Novosibirsk Oblast 2877503609a9SYuri Pankov 2878503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-05-30): 2879503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/(Spravka)?OpenAgent&RN=1085784-6 2880503609a9SYuri Pankov# moves Novosibirsk oblast from UTC+6 to UTC+7. 2881503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-07-04): 2882503609a9SYuri Pankov# The law was signed yesterday and published today on 2883503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201607040064 2884503609a9SYuri Pankov 2885503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00 2886503609a9SYuri Pankov 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21 2887503609a9SYuri Pankov 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2888503609a9SYuri Pankov 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2889503609a9SYuri Pankov 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P. 2890503609a9SYuri Pankov 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2891503609a9SYuri Pankov 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2892503609a9SYuri Pankov 6:00 - +06 2016 Jul 24 2:00s 2893503609a9SYuri Pankov 7:00 - +07 2894503609a9SYuri Pankov 2895503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2896503609a9SYuri Pankov# Asia/Tomsk covers: 2897503609a9SYuri Pankov# 70 RU-TOM Tomsk Oblast 2898503609a9SYuri Pankov 2899503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-24): 2900503609a9SYuri Pankov# Byalokoz listed Tomsk at 5:39:51. 2901503609a9SYuri Pankov 2902503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29): 2903503609a9SYuri Pankov# Tomsk is still 4 hours ahead of Moscow. 2904503609a9SYuri Pankov 2905503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-19): 2906503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102075743 2907503609a9SYuri Pankov# (fifth time belt being UTC+5+1(decree time) 2908503609a9SYuri Pankov# / UTC+5+1(decree time)+1(summer time)) ... 2909503609a9SYuri Pankov# Note that time belts (numbered from 2 (Moscow) to 12 according to their 2910503609a9SYuri Pankov# GMT/UTC offset and having too many exceptions like regions formally 2911503609a9SYuri Pankov# belonging to one belt but using time from another) were replaced 2912503609a9SYuri Pankov# with time zones in 2011 with different numbering (there was a 2913503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2-hour gap between second and third zones in 2011-2014). 2914503609a9SYuri Pankov 2915503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-04-12): 2916503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/(SpravkaNew)?OpenAgent&RN=1006865-6 2917503609a9SYuri Pankov# This bill was approved in the first reading today. It moves Tomsk oblast 2918503609a9SYuri Pankov# from UTC+6 to UTC+7 and is supposed to come into effect on 2016-05-29 at 2919503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2:00. The bill needs to be approved in the second and the third readings by 2920503609a9SYuri Pankov# the State Duma, approved by the Federation Council, signed by the President 2921503609a9SYuri Pankov# and published to become a law. Minor changes in the text are to be expected 2922503609a9SYuri Pankov# before the second reading (references need to be updated to account for the 2923503609a9SYuri Pankov# recent changes). 2924503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2925503609a9SYuri Pankov# Judging by the ultra-short one-day amendments period, recent similar laws, 2926503609a9SYuri Pankov# the State Duma schedule and the Federation Council schedule 2927503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.duma.gov.ru/legislative/planning/day-shedule/por_vesna_2016/ 2928503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://council.gov.ru/activity/meetings/schedule/63303 2929503609a9SYuri Pankov# I speculate that the final text of the bill will be proposed tomorrow, the 2930503609a9SYuri Pankov# bill will be approved in the second and the third readings on Friday, 2931503609a9SYuri Pankov# approved by the Federation Council on 2016-04-20, signed by the President and 2932503609a9SYuri Pankov# published as a law around 2016-04-26. 2933503609a9SYuri Pankov 2934503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Matt Johnson (2016-04-26): 2935503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201604260048 2936503609a9SYuri Pankov 2937503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Tomsk 5:39:51 - LMT 1919 Dec 22 2938503609a9SYuri Pankov 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21 2939503609a9SYuri Pankov 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2940503609a9SYuri Pankov 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2941503609a9SYuri Pankov 7:00 Russia +07/+08 2002 May 1 3:00 2942503609a9SYuri Pankov 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2943503609a9SYuri Pankov 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2944503609a9SYuri Pankov 6:00 - +06 2016 May 29 2:00s 2945503609a9SYuri Pankov 7:00 - +07 2946503609a9SYuri Pankov 2947503609a9SYuri Pankov 2948503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 2949503609a9SYuri Pankov# Asia/Novokuznetsk covers... 2950503609a9SYuri Pankov# 42 RU-KEM Kemerovo Oblast 2951503609a9SYuri Pankov 2952503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-13): 2953503609a9SYuri Pankov# Kemerovo oblast' (Kemerovo region) in Russia will change current time zone on 2954503609a9SYuri Pankov# March 28, 2010: 2955503609a9SYuri Pankov# from current Russia Zone 6 - Krasnoyarsk Time Zone (KRA) UTC +0700 2956503609a9SYuri Pankov# to Russia Zone 5 - Novosibirsk Time Zone (NOV) UTC +0600 2957503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2958503609a9SYuri Pankov# This is according to Government of Russia decree No. 740, on September 2959503609a9SYuri Pankov# 14, 2009 "Application in the territory of the Kemerovo region the Fifth 2960503609a9SYuri Pankov# time zone." ("Russia Zone 5" or old "USSR Zone 5" is GMT +0600) 2961503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2962503609a9SYuri Pankov# Russian Government web site (Russian language) 2963503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archive/2009/09/14/991633.htm 2964503609a9SYuri Pankov# or Russian-English translation by WorldTimeZone.com with reference 2965503609a9SYuri Pankov# map to local region and new Russia Time Zone map after March 28, 2010 2966503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html 2967503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2968503609a9SYuri Pankov# Thus, when Russia will switch to DST on the night of March 28, 2010 2969503609a9SYuri Pankov# Kemerovo region (Kemerovo oblast') will not change the clock. 2970503609a9SYuri Pankov 2971503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02): 2972503609a9SYuri Pankov# The Kemerovo region will remain at UTC+7 through the 2014-10-26 change, thus 2973503609a9SYuri Pankov# realigning itself with KRAT. 2974503609a9SYuri Pankov 2975503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Novokuznetsk 5:48:48 - LMT 1924 May 1 2976503609a9SYuri Pankov 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21 2977503609a9SYuri Pankov 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2978503609a9SYuri Pankov 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2979503609a9SYuri Pankov 7:00 Russia +07/+08 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 2980503609a9SYuri Pankov 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2981503609a9SYuri Pankov 7:00 - +07 2982503609a9SYuri Pankov 2983503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 2984503609a9SYuri Pankov# Asia/Krasnoyarsk covers... 2985503609a9SYuri Pankov# 17 RU-TY Tuva Republic 2986503609a9SYuri Pankov# 19 RU-KK Khakassia, Republic of 2987503609a9SYuri Pankov# 24 RU-KYA Krasnoyarsk Krai 2988503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2989503609a9SYuri Pankov# Note: Effective 2007-01-01, (88) Evenk Autonomous Okrug and (84) Taymyr 2990503609a9SYuri Pankov# Autonomous Okrug were merged into (24, RU-KYA) Krasnoyarsk Krai. 2991503609a9SYuri Pankov 2992503609a9SYuri Pankov# Byalokoz 1919 says Krasnoyarsk was 6:11:26. 2993503609a9SYuri Pankov 2994503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:26 - LMT 1920 Jan 6 2995503609a9SYuri Pankov 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21 2996503609a9SYuri Pankov 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2997503609a9SYuri Pankov 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2998503609a9SYuri Pankov 7:00 Russia +07/+08 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2999503609a9SYuri Pankov 8:00 - +08 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3000503609a9SYuri Pankov 7:00 - +07 3001503609a9SYuri Pankov 3002503609a9SYuri Pankov 3003503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 3004503609a9SYuri Pankov# Asia/Irkutsk covers... 3005503609a9SYuri Pankov# 03 RU-BU Buryatia, Republic of 3006503609a9SYuri Pankov# 38 RU-IRK Irkutsk Oblast 3007503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3008503609a9SYuri Pankov# Note: Effective 2008-01-01, (85) Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug was 3009503609a9SYuri Pankov# merged into (38, RU-IRK) Irkutsk Oblast. 3010503609a9SYuri Pankov 3011503609a9SYuri Pankov# Milne 1899 says Irkutsk was 6:57:15. 3012503609a9SYuri Pankov# Byalokoz 1919 says Irkutsk was 6:57:05. 3013503609a9SYuri Pankov# Go with Byalokoz. 3014503609a9SYuri Pankov 3015503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:05 - LMT 1880 3016503609a9SYuri Pankov 6:57:05 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time 3017503609a9SYuri Pankov 7:00 - +07 1930 Jun 21 3018503609a9SYuri Pankov 8:00 Russia +08/+09 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3019503609a9SYuri Pankov 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3020503609a9SYuri Pankov 8:00 Russia +08/+09 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3021503609a9SYuri Pankov 9:00 - +09 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3022503609a9SYuri Pankov 8:00 - +08 3023503609a9SYuri Pankov 3024503609a9SYuri Pankov 3025503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): 3026503609a9SYuri Pankov# Asia/Chita covers... 3027503609a9SYuri Pankov# 92 RU-ZAB Zabaykalsky Krai 3028503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3029503609a9SYuri Pankov# Note: Effective 2008-03-01, (75) Chita Oblast and (80) Agin-Buryat 3030503609a9SYuri Pankov# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (92, RU-ZAB) Zabaykalsky Krai. 3031503609a9SYuri Pankov 3032503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-01-02): 3033503609a9SYuri Pankov# [The] time zone in the Trans-Baikal Territory (Zabaykalsky Krai) - 3034503609a9SYuri Pankov# Asia/Chita [is changing] from UTC+8 to UTC+9. Effective date will 3035503609a9SYuri Pankov# be March 27, 2016 at 2:00am.... 3036503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201512300107 3037503609a9SYuri Pankov 3038503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Chita 7:33:52 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 3039503609a9SYuri Pankov 8:00 - +08 1930 Jun 21 3040503609a9SYuri Pankov 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3041503609a9SYuri Pankov 8:00 Russia +08/+09 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3042503609a9SYuri Pankov 9:00 Russia +09/+10 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3043503609a9SYuri Pankov 10:00 - +10 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3044503609a9SYuri Pankov 8:00 - +08 2016 Mar 27 2:00 3045503609a9SYuri Pankov 9:00 - +09 3046503609a9SYuri Pankov 3047503609a9SYuri Pankov 3048503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 3049503609a9SYuri Pankov# Asia/Yakutsk covers... 3050503609a9SYuri Pankov# 28 RU-AMU Amur Oblast 3051503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3052503609a9SYuri Pankov# ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: 3053503609a9SYuri Pankov# 14-02 **** Aldansky District 3054503609a9SYuri Pankov# 14-04 **** Amginsky District 3055503609a9SYuri Pankov# 14-05 **** Anabarsky District 3056503609a9SYuri Pankov# 14-06 **** Bulunsky District 3057503609a9SYuri Pankov# 14-07 **** Verkhnevilyuysky District 3058503609a9SYuri Pankov# 14-10 **** Vilyuysky District 3059503609a9SYuri Pankov# 14-11 **** Gorny District 3060503609a9SYuri Pankov# 14-12 **** Zhigansky District 3061503609a9SYuri Pankov# 14-13 **** Kobyaysky District 3062503609a9SYuri Pankov# 14-14 **** Lensky District 3063503609a9SYuri Pankov# 14-15 **** Megino-Kangalassky District 3064503609a9SYuri Pankov# 14-16 **** Mirninsky District 3065503609a9SYuri Pankov# 14-18 **** Namsky District 3066503609a9SYuri Pankov# 14-19 **** Neryungrinsky District 3067503609a9SYuri Pankov# 14-21 **** Nyurbinsky District 3068503609a9SYuri Pankov# 14-23 **** Olenyoksky District 3069503609a9SYuri Pankov# 14-24 **** Olyokminsky District 3070503609a9SYuri Pankov# 14-26 **** Suntarsky District 3071503609a9SYuri Pankov# 14-27 **** Tattinsky District 3072503609a9SYuri Pankov# 14-29 **** Ust-Aldansky District 3073503609a9SYuri Pankov# 14-32 **** Khangalassky District 3074503609a9SYuri Pankov# 14-33 **** Churapchinsky District 3075503609a9SYuri Pankov# 14-34 **** Eveno-Bytantaysky National District 3076503609a9SYuri Pankov 3077503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 3078503609a9SYuri Pankov# Our commentary seems to have lost mention of (14-19) Neryungrinsky District. 3079503609a9SYuri Pankov# Since the surrounding districts of Sakha are all YAKT, assume this is, too. 3080503609a9SYuri Pankov# Also assume its history has been the same as the rest of Asia/Yakutsk. 3081503609a9SYuri Pankov 3082503609a9SYuri Pankov# Byalokoz 1919 says Yakutsk was 8:38:58. 3083503609a9SYuri Pankov 3084503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:58 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 3085503609a9SYuri Pankov 8:00 - +08 1930 Jun 21 3086503609a9SYuri Pankov 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3087503609a9SYuri Pankov 8:00 Russia +08/+09 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3088503609a9SYuri Pankov 9:00 Russia +09/+10 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3089503609a9SYuri Pankov 10:00 - +10 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3090503609a9SYuri Pankov 9:00 - +09 3091503609a9SYuri Pankov 3092503609a9SYuri Pankov 3093503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 3094503609a9SYuri Pankov# Asia/Vladivostok covers... 3095503609a9SYuri Pankov# 25 RU-PRI Primorsky Krai 3096503609a9SYuri Pankov# 27 RU-KHA Khabarovsk Krai 3097503609a9SYuri Pankov# 79 RU-YEV Jewish Autonomous Oblast 3098503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3099503609a9SYuri Pankov# ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: 3100503609a9SYuri Pankov# 14-09 **** Verkhoyansky District 3101503609a9SYuri Pankov# 14-31 **** Ust-Yansky District 3102503609a9SYuri Pankov 3103503609a9SYuri Pankov# Milne 1899 says Vladivostok was 8:47:33.5. 3104503609a9SYuri Pankov# Byalokoz 1919 says Vladivostok was 8:47:31. 3105503609a9SYuri Pankov# Go with Byalokoz. 3106503609a9SYuri Pankov 3107503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:31 - LMT 1922 Nov 15 3108503609a9SYuri Pankov 9:00 - +09 1930 Jun 21 3109503609a9SYuri Pankov 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3110503609a9SYuri Pankov 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3111503609a9SYuri Pankov 10:00 Russia +10/+11 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3112503609a9SYuri Pankov 11:00 - +11 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3113503609a9SYuri Pankov 10:00 - +10 3114503609a9SYuri Pankov 3115503609a9SYuri Pankov 3116503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 3117503609a9SYuri Pankov# Asia/Khandyga covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: 3118503609a9SYuri Pankov# 14-28 **** Tomponsky District 3119503609a9SYuri Pankov# 14-30 **** Ust-Maysky District 3120503609a9SYuri Pankov 3121427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# From Arthur David Olson (2022-03-21): 3122427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# Tomponsky and Ust-Maysky switched from Vladivostok time to Yakutsk time 3123503609a9SYuri Pankov# in 2011. 3124503609a9SYuri Pankov 3125503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2012-11-25): 3126503609a9SYuri Pankov# Shanks and Pottenger (2003) has Khandyga on Yakutsk time. 3127503609a9SYuri Pankov# Make a wild guess that it switched to Vladivostok time in 2004. 3128503609a9SYuri Pankov# This transition is no doubt wrong, but we have no better info. 3129503609a9SYuri Pankov 3130503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Khandyga 9:02:13 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 3131503609a9SYuri Pankov 8:00 - +08 1930 Jun 21 3132503609a9SYuri Pankov 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3133503609a9SYuri Pankov 8:00 Russia +08/+09 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3134503609a9SYuri Pankov 9:00 Russia +09/+10 2004 3135503609a9SYuri Pankov 10:00 Russia +10/+11 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3136503609a9SYuri Pankov 11:00 - +11 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725? 3137503609a9SYuri Pankov 10:00 - +10 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3138503609a9SYuri Pankov 9:00 - +09 3139503609a9SYuri Pankov 3140503609a9SYuri Pankov 3141503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 3142503609a9SYuri Pankov# Asia/Sakhalin covers... 3143503609a9SYuri Pankov# 65 RU-SAK Sakhalin Oblast 3144503609a9SYuri Pankov# ...with the exception of: 3145503609a9SYuri Pankov# 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands) 3146503609a9SYuri Pankov 3147503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Matt Johnson (2016-02-22): 3148503609a9SYuri Pankov# Asia/Sakhalin is moving (in entirety) from UTC+10 to UTC+11 ... 3149503609a9SYuri Pankov# (2016-03-09): 3150503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090044 3151503609a9SYuri Pankov 3152503609a9SYuri Pankov# The Zone name should be Asia/Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long. 3153503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Sakhalin 9:30:48 - LMT 1905 Aug 23 3154503609a9SYuri Pankov 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 25 3155503609a9SYuri Pankov 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T 3156503609a9SYuri Pankov 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3157503609a9SYuri Pankov 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s 3158503609a9SYuri Pankov 10:00 Russia +10/+11 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3159503609a9SYuri Pankov 11:00 - +11 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3160503609a9SYuri Pankov 10:00 - +10 2016 Mar 27 2:00s 3161503609a9SYuri Pankov 11:00 - +11 3162503609a9SYuri Pankov 3163503609a9SYuri Pankov 3164503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 3165503609a9SYuri Pankov# Asia/Magadan covers... 3166503609a9SYuri Pankov# 49 RU-MAG Magadan Oblast 3167503609a9SYuri Pankov 3168503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02): 3169503609a9SYuri Pankov# Magadan Oblast is moving from UTC+12 to UTC+10 on 2014-10-26; however, 3170503609a9SYuri Pankov# several districts of Sakha Republic as well as Severo-Kurilsky District of 3171503609a9SYuri Pankov# the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands), represented 3172503609a9SYuri Pankov# until now by Asia/Magadan, will instead move to UTC+11. These regions will 3173503609a9SYuri Pankov# need their own zone. 3174503609a9SYuri Pankov 3175503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-03-27): 3176503609a9SYuri Pankov# ... draft bill 948300-6 to change its time zone from UTC+10 to UTC+11 ... 3177503609a9SYuri Pankov# will take ... effect ... on April 24, 2016 at 2 o'clock 3178503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3179503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Matt Johnson (2016-04-05): 3180503609a9SYuri Pankov# ... signed by the President today ... 3181503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201604050038 3182503609a9SYuri Pankov 3183503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 3184503609a9SYuri Pankov 10:00 - +10 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time 3185503609a9SYuri Pankov 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3186503609a9SYuri Pankov 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3187503609a9SYuri Pankov 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3188503609a9SYuri Pankov 12:00 - +12 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3189503609a9SYuri Pankov 10:00 - +10 2016 Apr 24 2:00s 3190503609a9SYuri Pankov 11:00 - +11 3191503609a9SYuri Pankov 3192503609a9SYuri Pankov 3193503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): 3194503609a9SYuri Pankov# Asia/Srednekolymsk covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: 3195503609a9SYuri Pankov# 14-01 **** Abyysky District 3196503609a9SYuri Pankov# 14-03 **** Allaikhovsky District 3197503609a9SYuri Pankov# 14-08 **** Verkhnekolymsky District 3198503609a9SYuri Pankov# 14-17 **** Momsky District 3199503609a9SYuri Pankov# 14-20 **** Nizhnekolymsky District 3200503609a9SYuri Pankov# 14-25 **** Srednekolymsky District 3201503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3202503609a9SYuri Pankov# ...and parts of (65, RU-SAK) Sakhalin Oblast: 3203503609a9SYuri Pankov# 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands) 3204503609a9SYuri Pankov 3205503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02): 3206503609a9SYuri Pankov# Oymyakonsky District of Sakha Republic (represented by Ust-Nera), along with 3207503609a9SYuri Pankov# most of Sakhalin Oblast (represented by Sakhalin) will be moving to UTC+10 on 3208503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2014-10-26 to stay aligned with VLAT/SAKT; however, Severo-Kurilsky District 3209503609a9SYuri Pankov# of the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands, represented by 3210503609a9SYuri Pankov# Severo-Kurilsk) will remain on UTC+11. 3211503609a9SYuri Pankov 3212503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): 3213503609a9SYuri Pankov# Assume North Kuril Islands have history like Magadan before 2011-03-27. 3214503609a9SYuri Pankov# There is a decent chance this is wrong, in which case a new zone 3215503609a9SYuri Pankov# Asia/Severo-Kurilsk would become necessary. 3216503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3217503609a9SYuri Pankov# Srednekolymsk and Zyryanka are the most populous places amongst these 3218503609a9SYuri Pankov# districts, but have very similar populations. In fact, Wikipedia currently 3219503609a9SYuri Pankov# lists them both as having 3528 people, exactly 1668 males and 1860 females 3220503609a9SYuri Pankov# each! (Yikes!) 3221b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Srednekolymsky_District&oldid=603435276 3222b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Verkhnekolymsky_District&oldid=594378493 3223503609a9SYuri Pankov# Assume this is a mistake, albeit an amusing one. 3224503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3225503609a9SYuri Pankov# Looking at censuses, the populations of the two municipalities seem to have 3226503609a9SYuri Pankov# fluctuated recently. Zyryanka was more populous than Srednekolymsk in the 3227503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1989 and 2002 censuses, but Srednekolymsk was more populous in the most 3228503609a9SYuri Pankov# recent (2010) census, 3525 to 3170. (See pages 195 and 197 of 3229503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/Documents/Vol1/pub-01-05.pdf 3230503609a9SYuri Pankov# in Russian.) In addition, Srednekolymsk appears to be a much older 3231503609a9SYuri Pankov# settlement and the population of Zyryanka seems to be declining. 3232503609a9SYuri Pankov# Go with Srednekolymsk. 3233503609a9SYuri Pankov 3234503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Srednekolymsk 10:14:52 - LMT 1924 May 2 3235503609a9SYuri Pankov 10:00 - +10 1930 Jun 21 3236503609a9SYuri Pankov 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3237503609a9SYuri Pankov 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3238503609a9SYuri Pankov 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3239503609a9SYuri Pankov 12:00 - +12 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3240503609a9SYuri Pankov 11:00 - +11 3241503609a9SYuri Pankov 3242503609a9SYuri Pankov 3243503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 3244503609a9SYuri Pankov# Asia/Ust-Nera covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: 3245503609a9SYuri Pankov# 14-22 **** Oymyakonsky District 3246503609a9SYuri Pankov 3247427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# From Arthur David Olson (2022-03-21): 3248427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# Oymyakonsky and the Kuril Islands switched from 3249503609a9SYuri Pankov# Magadan time to Vladivostok time in 2011. 3250503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3251503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02): 3252503609a9SYuri Pankov# It's unlikely that any of the Kuril Islands were involved in such a switch, 3253503609a9SYuri Pankov# as the South and Middle Kurils have been on UTC+11 (SAKT) with the rest of 3254503609a9SYuri Pankov# Sakhalin Oblast since at least 2011-09, and the North Kurils have been on 3255503609a9SYuri Pankov# UTC+12 since at least then, too. 3256503609a9SYuri Pankov 3257503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Ust-Nera 9:32:54 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 3258503609a9SYuri Pankov 8:00 - +08 1930 Jun 21 3259503609a9SYuri Pankov 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1981 Apr 1 3260503609a9SYuri Pankov 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3261503609a9SYuri Pankov 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3262503609a9SYuri Pankov 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3263503609a9SYuri Pankov 12:00 - +12 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725? 3264503609a9SYuri Pankov 11:00 - +11 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3265503609a9SYuri Pankov 10:00 - +10 3266503609a9SYuri Pankov 3267503609a9SYuri Pankov 3268503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 3269503609a9SYuri Pankov# Asia/Kamchatka covers... 3270503609a9SYuri Pankov# 91 RU-KAM Kamchatka Krai 3271503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3272503609a9SYuri Pankov# Note: Effective 2007-07-01, (41) Kamchatka Oblast and (82) Koryak 3273503609a9SYuri Pankov# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (91, RU-KAM) Kamchatka Krai. 3274503609a9SYuri Pankov 3275503609a9SYuri Pankov# The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski or perhaps 3276503609a9SYuri Pankov# Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, but these are too long. 3277503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10 3278503609a9SYuri Pankov 11:00 - +11 1930 Jun 21 3279503609a9SYuri Pankov 12:00 Russia +12/+13 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3280503609a9SYuri Pankov 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3281503609a9SYuri Pankov 12:00 Russia +12/+13 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 3282503609a9SYuri Pankov 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3283503609a9SYuri Pankov 12:00 - +12 3284503609a9SYuri Pankov 3285503609a9SYuri Pankov 3286503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 3287503609a9SYuri Pankov# Asia/Anadyr covers... 3288503609a9SYuri Pankov# 87 RU-CHU Chukotka Autonomous Okrug 3289503609a9SYuri Pankov 3290503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2 3291503609a9SYuri Pankov 12:00 - +12 1930 Jun 21 3292503609a9SYuri Pankov 13:00 Russia +13/+14 1982 Apr 1 0:00s 3293503609a9SYuri Pankov 12:00 Russia +12/+13 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3294503609a9SYuri Pankov 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3295503609a9SYuri Pankov 12:00 Russia +12/+13 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 3296503609a9SYuri Pankov 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3297503609a9SYuri Pankov 12:00 - +12 3298503609a9SYuri Pankov 3299f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Bosnia & Herzegovina 3300f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Croatia 3301f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Kosovo 3302f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Montenegro 3303f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# North Macedonia 3304503609a9SYuri Pankov# Serbia 3305f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Slovenia 3306374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3307503609a9SYuri PankovZone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 3308503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 3309503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 3310503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 - CET 1945 May 8 2:00s 3311503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 3312503609a9SYuri Pankov# Metod Koželj reports that the legal date of 3313503609a9SYuri Pankov# transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time. 3314503609a9SYuri Pankov# Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Koželj. 3315503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 3316503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 EU CE%sT 3317503609a9SYuri Pankov 3318503609a9SYuri Pankov# Spain 3319dafc4501SDan McDonald# 3320dafc4501SDan McDonald# From Paul Eggert (2016-12-14): 3321dafc4501SDan McDonald# 3322dafc4501SDan McDonald# The source for Europe/Madrid before 2013 is: 3323dafc4501SDan McDonald# Planesas P. La hora oficial en España y sus cambios. 3324dafc4501SDan McDonald# Anuario del Observatorio Astronómico de Madrid (2013, in Spanish). 3325dafc4501SDan McDonald# http://astronomia.ign.es/rknowsys-theme/images/webAstro/paginas/documentos/Anuario/lahoraoficialenespana.pdf 3326dafc4501SDan McDonald# As this source says that historical time in the Canaries is obscure, 3327dafc4501SDan McDonald# and it does not discuss Ceuta, stick with Shanks for now for that data. 3328dafc4501SDan McDonald# 3329dafc4501SDan McDonald# In the 1918 and 1919 fallback transitions in Spain, the clock for 3330dafc4501SDan McDonald# the hour-longer day officially kept going after midnight, so that 3331dafc4501SDan McDonald# the repeated instances of that day's 00:00 hour were 24 hours apart, 3332dafc4501SDan McDonald# with a fallback transition from the second occurrence of 00:59... to 3333dafc4501SDan McDonald# the next day's 00:00. Our data format cannot represent this 3334dafc4501SDan McDonald# directly, and instead repeats the first hour of the next day, with a 3335dafc4501SDan McDonald# fallback transition from the next day's 00:59... to 00:00. 3336dafc4501SDan McDonald 3337dafc4501SDan McDonald# From Michael Deckers (2016-12-15): 3338f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# The Royal Decree of 1900-07-26 quoted by Planesas, online at 3339dafc4501SDan McDonald# https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1900/209/A00383-00384.pdf 3340dafc4501SDan McDonald# says in its article 5 (my translation): 3341dafc4501SDan McDonald# These dispositions will enter into force beginning with the 3342dafc4501SDan McDonald# instant at which, according to the time indicated in article 1, 3343dafc4501SDan McDonald# the 1st day of January of 1901 will begin. 3344dafc4501SDan McDonald 3345f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3346dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00 1:00 S 3347dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Spain 1918 1919 - Oct 6 24:00s 0 - 3348dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Spain 1919 only - Apr 6 23:00 1:00 S 3349dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00 1:00 S 3350dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 24:00s 0 - 3351dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S 3352dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 24:00s 0 - 3353dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S 3354dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Spain 1928 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 3355dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S 3356dafc4501SDan McDonald# Republican Spain during the civil war; it controlled Madrid until 1939-03-28. 3357dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Spain 1937 only - Jun 16 23:00 1:00 S 3358dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Spain 1937 only - Oct 2 24:00s 0 - 3359dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Spain 1938 only - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S 3360dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Spain 1938 only - Apr 30 23:00 2:00 M 3361dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Spain 1938 only - Oct 2 24:00 1:00 S 3362dafc4501SDan McDonald# The following rules are for unified Spain again. 3363dafc4501SDan McDonald# 3364dafc4501SDan McDonald# Planesas does not say what happened in Madrid between its fall on 3365dafc4501SDan McDonald# 1939-03-28 and the Nationalist spring-forward transition on 3366dafc4501SDan McDonald# 1939-04-15. For lack of better info, assume Madrid's clocks did not 3367dafc4501SDan McDonald# change during that period. 3368dafc4501SDan McDonald# 3369dafc4501SDan McDonald# The first rule is commented out, as it is redundant for Republican Spain. 3370dafc4501SDan McDonald#Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00 1:00 S 3371dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Spain 1939 only - Oct 7 24:00s 0 - 3372dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Spain 1942 only - May 2 23:00 1:00 S 3373dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 1:00 0 - 3374dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S 3375dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Spain 1943 1944 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 - 3376dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Spain 1945 1946 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 3377503609a9SYuri PankovRule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S 3378dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Spain 1949 only - Oct 2 1:00 0 - 3379dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=12 23:00 1:00 S 3380503609a9SYuri PankovRule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 - 3381503609a9SYuri PankovRule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S 3382503609a9SYuri PankovRule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 3383dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Spain 1977 only - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S 3384dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Spain 1978 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 3385dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 3386dafc4501SDan McDonald# Nationalist Spain during the civil war 3387dafc4501SDan McDonald#Rule NatSpain 1937 only - May 22 23:00 1:00 S 3388dafc4501SDan McDonald#Rule NatSpain 1937 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 24:00s 0 - 3389dafc4501SDan McDonald#Rule NatSpain 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00 1:00 S 339005e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978, 339105e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# except with "S" letters. 3392503609a9SYuri PankovRule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S 3393503609a9SYuri PankovRule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3394503609a9SYuri PankovRule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S 3395503609a9SYuri PankovRule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 3396503609a9SYuri PankovRule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 3397503609a9SYuri PankovRule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 3398503609a9SYuri PankovRule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 3399503609a9SYuri PankovRule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 3400503609a9SYuri PankovRule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 3401374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3402427b4c5cSAndy FiddamanZone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 0:00u 3403dafc4501SDan McDonald 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1940 Mar 16 23:00 3404503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979 3405503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 EU CE%sT 3406f117aa50SRobert MustacchiZone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 0:00u 3407503609a9SYuri Pankov 0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00 3408503609a9SYuri Pankov 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00 3409503609a9SYuri Pankov 0:00 - WET 1924 3410503609a9SYuri Pankov 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929 341105e627dcSAndy Fiddaman 0:00 - WET 1967 # Help zishrink.awk. 3412503609a9SYuri Pankov 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 3413503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 - CET 1986 3414503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 EU CE%sT 3415503609a9SYuri PankovZone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C. 3416dafc4501SDan McDonald -1:00 - -01 1946 Sep 30 1:00 3417503609a9SYuri Pankov 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s 3418503609a9SYuri Pankov 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 1:00u 3419503609a9SYuri Pankov 0:00 EU WE%sT 3420503609a9SYuri Pankov# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u. 3421503609a9SYuri Pankov# Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU. 3422503609a9SYuri Pankov 3423503609a9SYuri Pankov 3424f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Germany (Busingen enclave) 3425f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Liechtenstein 3426503609a9SYuri Pankov# Switzerland 3427f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# 3428503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Howse: 3429503609a9SYuri Pankov# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace 3430503609a9SYuri Pankov# and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep 3431503609a9SYuri Pankov# mean time in preference to apparent time - Geneva from 1780 .... 3432f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3433503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Whitman (who writes "Midnight?"): 3434503609a9SYuri Pankov# Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S 3435503609a9SYuri Pankov# Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 - 3436503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Shanks & Pottenger: 3437503609a9SYuri Pankov# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 3438503609a9SYuri Pankov# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 3439503609a9SYuri Pankov 3440503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Alois Treindl (2008-12-17): 3441503609a9SYuri Pankov# I have researched the DST usage in Switzerland during the 1940ies. 3442503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3443503609a9SYuri Pankov# As I wrote in an earlier message, I suspected the current tzdata values 3444503609a9SYuri Pankov# to be wrong. This is now verified. 3445503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3446503609a9SYuri Pankov# I have found copies of the original ruling by the Swiss Federal 3447503609a9SYuri Pankov# government, in 'Eidgenössische Gesetzessammlung 1941 and 1942' (Swiss 3448503609a9SYuri Pankov# federal law collection)... 3449503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3450503609a9SYuri Pankov# DST began on Monday 5 May 1941, 1:00 am by shifting the clocks to 2:00 am 3451503609a9SYuri Pankov# DST ended on Monday 6 Oct 1941, 2:00 am by shifting the clocks to 1:00 am. 3452503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3453503609a9SYuri Pankov# DST began on Monday, 4 May 1942 at 01:00 am 3454503609a9SYuri Pankov# DST ended on Monday, 5 Oct 1942 at 02:00 am 3455503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3456503609a9SYuri Pankov# There was no DST in 1940, I have checked the law collection carefully. 3457503609a9SYuri Pankov# It is also indicated by the fact that the 1942 entry in the law 3458503609a9SYuri Pankov# collection points back to 1941 as a reference, but no reference to any 3459503609a9SYuri Pankov# other years are made. 3460503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3461503609a9SYuri Pankov# Newspaper articles I have read in the archives on 6 May 1941 reported 3462503609a9SYuri Pankov# about the introduction of DST (Sommerzeit in German) during the previous 3463503609a9SYuri Pankov# night as an absolute novelty, because this was the first time that such 3464503609a9SYuri Pankov# a thing had happened in Switzerland. 3465503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3466503609a9SYuri Pankov# I have also checked 1916, because one book source (Gabriel, Traité de 3467503609a9SYuri Pankov# l'heure dans le monde) claims that Switzerland had DST in 1916. This is 3468503609a9SYuri Pankov# false, no official document could be found. Probably Gabriel got misled 3469503609a9SYuri Pankov# by references to Germany, which introduced DST in 1916 for the first time. 3470503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3471503609a9SYuri Pankov# The tzdata rules for Switzerland must be changed to: 3472503609a9SYuri Pankov# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S 3473503609a9SYuri Pankov# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 - 3474503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3475503609a9SYuri Pankov# The 1940 rules must be deleted. 3476503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3477503609a9SYuri Pankov# One further detail for Switzerland, which is probably out of scope for 3478503609a9SYuri Pankov# most users of tzdata: The [Europe/Zurich zone] ... 3479503609a9SYuri Pankov# describes all of Switzerland correctly, with the exception of 3480503609a9SYuri Pankov# the Canton de Genève (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneva did not 3481503609a9SYuri Pankov# follow Bern Mean Time but kept its own local mean time. 3482503609a9SYuri Pankov# To represent this, an extra zone would be needed. 3483503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3484503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Alois Treindl (2013-09-11): 3485503609a9SYuri Pankov# The Federal regulations say 3486b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20071096/index.html 34873508b934SYuri Pankov# ... the meridian for Bern mean time ... is 7° 26' 22.50". 3488503609a9SYuri Pankov# Expressed in time, it is 0h29m45.5s. 3489503609a9SYuri Pankov 3490503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Pierre-Yves Berger (2013-09-11): 3491503609a9SYuri Pankov# the "Circulaire du conseil fédéral" (December 11 1893) 3492503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.amtsdruckschriften.bar.admin.ch/viewOrigDoc.do?id=10071353 3493503609a9SYuri Pankov# clearly states that the [1894-06-01] change should be done at midnight 3494503609a9SYuri Pankov# but if no one is present after 11 at night, could be postponed until one 3495503609a9SYuri Pankov# hour before the beginning of service. 3496503609a9SYuri Pankov 3497503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-11): 3498503609a9SYuri Pankov# Round BMT to the nearest even second, 0:29:46. 3499503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3500503609a9SYuri Pankov# We can find no reliable source for Shanks's assertion that all of Switzerland 3501503609a9SYuri Pankov# except Geneva switched to Bern Mean Time at 00:00 on 1848-09-12. This book: 3502503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3503503609a9SYuri Pankov# Jakob Messerli. Gleichmässig, pünktlich, schnell. Zeiteinteilung und 3504503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zeitgebrauch in der Schweiz im 19. Jahrhundert. Chronos, Zurich 1995, 3505503609a9SYuri Pankov# ISBN 3-905311-68-2, OCLC 717570797. 3506503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3507503609a9SYuri Pankov# suggests that the transition was more gradual, and that the Swiss did not 3508503609a9SYuri Pankov# agree about civil time during the transition. The timekeeping it gives the 3509503609a9SYuri Pankov# most detail for is postal and telegraph time: here, federal legislation (the 3510503609a9SYuri Pankov# "Bundesgesetz über die Erstellung von elektrischen Telegraphen") passed on 3511503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1851-11-23, and an official implementation notice was published 1853-07-16 3512503609a9SYuri Pankov# (Bundesblatt 1853, Bd. II, S. 859). On p 72 Messerli writes that in 3513503609a9SYuri Pankov# practice since July 1853 Bernese time was used in "all postal and telegraph 3514503609a9SYuri Pankov# offices in Switzerland from Geneva to St. Gallen and Basel to Chiasso" 3515503609a9SYuri Pankov# (Google translation). For now, model this transition as occurring on 3516503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1853-07-16, though it probably occurred at some other date in Zurich, and 3517503609a9SYuri Pankov# legal civil time probably changed at still some other transition date. 3518503609a9SYuri Pankov 3519427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# From Tobias Conradi (2011-09-12): 3520427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# Büsingen <http://www.buesingen.de>, surrounded by the Swiss canton 3521427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# Schaffhausen, did not start observing DST in 1980 as the rest of DE 3522427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# (West Germany at that time) and DD (East Germany at that time) did. 3523427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# DD merged into DE, the area is currently covered by code DE in ISO 3166-1, 3524427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# which in turn is covered by the zone Europe/Berlin. 3525427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# 3526427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# Source for the time in Büsingen 1980: 3527427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# http://www.srf.ch/player/video?id=c012c029-03b7-4c2b-9164-aa5902cd58d3 3528427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# 3529427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-03): 3530427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# Büsingen and Zurich have shared clocks since 1970. 3531427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman 3532f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3533503609a9SYuri PankovRule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S 3534503609a9SYuri PankovRule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 - 3535374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3536503609a9SYuri PankovZone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1853 Jul 16 # See above comment. 3537503609a9SYuri Pankov 0:29:46 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time 3538503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981 3539503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 EU CE%sT 3540503609a9SYuri Pankov 3541503609a9SYuri Pankov# Turkey 3542503609a9SYuri Pankov 3543374df668SAndy Fiddaman# From Alois Treindl (2019-08-12): 3544374df668SAndy Fiddaman# http://www.astrolojidergisi.com/yazsaati.htm has researched the time zone 3545374df668SAndy Fiddaman# history of Turkey, based on newspaper archives and official documents. 3546374df668SAndy Fiddaman# From Paul Eggert (2019-08-28): 3547374df668SAndy Fiddaman# That source (Oya Vulaş, "Türkiye'de Yaz Saati Uygulamaları") 3548374df668SAndy Fiddaman# is used for 1940/1972, where it seems more reliable than our other 3549374df668SAndy Fiddaman# sources. 3550374df668SAndy Fiddaman 3551374df668SAndy Fiddaman# From Kıvanç Yazan (2019-08-12): 3552374df668SAndy Fiddaman# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/14539.pdf#page=24 3553374df668SAndy Fiddaman# 1973-06-03 01:00 -> 02:00, 1973-11-04 02:00 -> 01:00 3554374df668SAndy Fiddaman# 3555374df668SAndy Fiddaman# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/14829.pdf#page=1 3556374df668SAndy Fiddaman# 1974-03-31 02:00 -> 03:00, 1974-11-03 02:00 -> 01:00 3557374df668SAndy Fiddaman# 3558374df668SAndy Fiddaman# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/15161.pdf#page=1 3559374df668SAndy Fiddaman# 1975-03-22 02:00 -> 03:00, 1975-11-02 02:00 -> 01:00 3560374df668SAndy Fiddaman# 3561374df668SAndy Fiddaman# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/15535_1.pdf#page=1 3562374df668SAndy Fiddaman# 1976-03-21 02:00 -> 03:00, 1976-10-31 02:00 -> 01:00 3563374df668SAndy Fiddaman# 3564374df668SAndy Fiddaman# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/15778.pdf#page=5 3565374df668SAndy Fiddaman# 1977-04-03 02:00 -> 03:00, 1977-10-16 02:00 -> 01:00, 3566374df668SAndy Fiddaman# 1978-04-02 02:00 -> 03:00 (not applied, see below) 3567374df668SAndy Fiddaman# 1978-10-15 02:00 -> 01:00 (not applied, see below) 3568374df668SAndy Fiddaman# 1979-04-01 02:00 -> 03:00 (not applied, see below) 3569374df668SAndy Fiddaman# 1979-10-14 02:00 -> 01:00 (not applied, see below) 3570374df668SAndy Fiddaman# 3571374df668SAndy Fiddaman# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/16245.pdf#page=17 3572374df668SAndy Fiddaman# This cancels the previous decision, and repeats it only for 1978. 3573374df668SAndy Fiddaman# 1978-04-02 02:00 -> 03:00, 1978-10-15 02:00 -> 01:00 3574374df668SAndy Fiddaman# (not applied due to standard TZ change below) 3575374df668SAndy Fiddaman# 3576374df668SAndy Fiddaman# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/16331.pdf#page=3 3577374df668SAndy Fiddaman# This decision changes the default longitude for Turkish time zone from 30 3578374df668SAndy Fiddaman# degrees East to 45 degrees East. This means a standard TZ change, from +2 3579374df668SAndy Fiddaman# to +3. This is published & applied on 1978-06-29. At that time, Turkey was 3580374df668SAndy Fiddaman# already on summer time (already on 45E). Hence, this new law just meant an 3581374df668SAndy Fiddaman# "continuous summer time". Note that this was reversed in a few years. 3582374df668SAndy Fiddaman# 3583374df668SAndy Fiddaman# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/18119_1.pdf#page=1 3584374df668SAndy Fiddaman# 1983-07-31 02:00 -> 03:00 (note that this jumps TZ to +4) 3585374df668SAndy Fiddaman# 1983-10-02 02:00 -> 01:00 (back to +3) 3586374df668SAndy Fiddaman# 3587374df668SAndy Fiddaman# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/18561.pdf (page 1 and 34) 3588374df668SAndy Fiddaman# At this time, Turkey is still on +3 with no spring-forward on early 3589374df668SAndy Fiddaman# 1984. This decision is published on 10/31/1984. Page 1 declares 3590374df668SAndy Fiddaman# the decision of reverting the "default longitude change". So the 3591374df668SAndy Fiddaman# standard time should go back to +3 (30E). And page 34 explains when 3592374df668SAndy Fiddaman# that will happen: 1984-11-01 02:00 -> 01:00. You can think of this 3593374df668SAndy Fiddaman# as "end of continuous summer time, change of standard time zone". 3594374df668SAndy Fiddaman# 3595374df668SAndy Fiddaman# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/18713.pdf#page=1 3596374df668SAndy Fiddaman# 1985-04-20 01:00 -> 02:00, 1985-09-28 02:00 -> 01:00 3597374df668SAndy Fiddaman 3598503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Kıvanç Yazan (2016-09-25): 3599503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1) For 1986-2006, DST started at 01:00 local and ended at 02:00 local, with 3600503609a9SYuri Pankov# no exceptions. 3601503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2) 1994's lastSun was overridden with Mar 20 ... 3602503609a9SYuri Pankov# Here are official papers: 3603374df668SAndy Fiddaman# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19032.pdf#page=2 for 1986 3604374df668SAndy Fiddaman# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19400.pdf#page=4 for 1987 3605374df668SAndy Fiddaman# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19752.pdf#page=15 for 1988 3606374df668SAndy Fiddaman# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/20102.pdf#page=6 for 1989 3607374df668SAndy Fiddaman# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/20464.pdf#page=1 for 1990 - 1992 3608374df668SAndy Fiddaman# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/21531.pdf#page=15 for 1993 - 1995 3609374df668SAndy Fiddaman# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/21879.pdf#page=1 for overriding 1994 3610374df668SAndy Fiddaman# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/22588.pdf#page=1 for 1996, 1997 3611374df668SAndy Fiddaman# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/23286.pdf#page=10 for 1998 - 2000 3612503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2001/03/20010324.htm#2 - for 2001 3613503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2002/03/20020316.htm#2 - for 2002-2006 3614503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2016-09-25): 3615503609a9SYuri Pankov# Prefer the above sources to Shanks & Pottenger for timestamps after 1985. 3616503609a9SYuri Pankov 3617503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-09): 3618503609a9SYuri Pankov# Starting 2007 though, it seems that they are adopting EU's 1:00 UTC 3619503609a9SYuri Pankov# start/end time, according to the following page (2007-03-07): 3620503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/402029.asp 3621503609a9SYuri Pankov# The official document is located here - it is in Turkish...: 3622503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://rega.basbakanlik.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/03/20070307-7.htm 3623503609a9SYuri Pankov# I was able to locate the following seemingly official document 3624503609a9SYuri Pankov# (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006: 3625503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm 3626503609a9SYuri Pankov 3627503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Gökdeniz Karadağ (2011-03-10): 3628503609a9SYuri Pankov# According to the articles linked below, Turkey will change into summer 3629503609a9SYuri Pankov# time zone (GMT+3) on March 28, 2011 at 3:00 a.m. instead of March 27. 3630503609a9SYuri Pankov# This change is due to a nationwide exam on 27th. 3631b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872 3632503609a9SYuri Pankov# Turkish: 3633b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/yaz-saati-uygulamasi-bir-gun-ileri-alindi-17230464 3634503609a9SYuri Pankov 3635503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Faruk Pasin (2014-02-14): 3636503609a9SYuri Pankov# The DST for Turkey has been changed for this year because of the 3637503609a9SYuri Pankov# Turkish Local election.... 3638503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.sabah.com.tr/Ekonomi/2014/02/12/yaz-saatinde-onemli-degisiklik 3639503609a9SYuri Pankov# ... so Turkey will move clocks forward one hour on March 31 at 3:00 a.m. 3640503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Randal L. Schwartz (2014-04-15): 3641503609a9SYuri Pankov# Having landed on a flight from the states to Istanbul (via AMS) on March 31, 3642503609a9SYuri Pankov# I can tell you that NOBODY (even the airlines) respected this timezone DST 3643503609a9SYuri Pankov# change delay. Maybe the word just didn't get out in time. 3644503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-15): 3645503609a9SYuri Pankov# The press reported massive confusion, as election officials obeyed the rule 3646503609a9SYuri Pankov# change but cell phones (and airline baggage systems) did not. See: 3647503609a9SYuri Pankov# Kostidis M. Eventful elections in Turkey. Balkan News Agency 3648503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.balkaneu.com/eventful-elections-turkey/ 2014-03-30. 3649503609a9SYuri Pankov# I guess the best we can do is document the official time. 3650503609a9SYuri Pankov 3651503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Fatih (2015-09-29): 3652503609a9SYuri Pankov# It's officially announced now by the Ministry of Energy. 3653503609a9SYuri Pankov# Turkey delays winter time to 8th of November 04:00 3654503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.aa.com.tr/tr/turkiye/yaz-saati-uygulamasi-8-kasimda-sona-erecek/362217 3655503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3656503609a9SYuri Pankov# From BBC News (2015-10-25): 3657503609a9SYuri Pankov# Confused Turks are asking "what's the time?" after automatic clocks defied a 3658503609a9SYuri Pankov# government decision ... "For the next two weeks #Turkey is on EEST... Erdogan 3659503609a9SYuri Pankov# Engineered Standard Time," said Twitter user @aysekarahasan. 3660503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34631326 3661503609a9SYuri Pankov 3662503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Burak AYDIN (2016-09-08): 3663503609a9SYuri Pankov# Turkey will stay in Daylight Saving Time even in winter.... 3664503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2016/09/20160908-2.pdf 3665503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3666503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2016-09-07): 3667503609a9SYuri Pankov# The change is permanent, so this is the new standard time in Turkey. 3668503609a9SYuri Pankov# It takes effect today, which is not much notice. 3669503609a9SYuri Pankov 36704b8ee424SYuri Pankov# From Kıvanç Yazan (2017-10-28): 36714b8ee424SYuri Pankov# Turkey will go back to Daylight Saving Time starting 2018-10. 36724b8ee424SYuri Pankov# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2017/10/20171028-5.pdf 36734b8ee424SYuri Pankov# 36744b8ee424SYuri Pankov# From Even Scharning (2017-11-08): 36754b8ee424SYuri Pankov# ... today it was announced that the DST will become "continuous": 36764b8ee424SYuri Pankov# http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/son-dakika-yaz-saati-uygulamasi-surekli-hale-geldi-40637482 36774b8ee424SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2017-11-08): 36784b8ee424SYuri Pankov# Although Google Translate misfires on that source, it looks like 36794b8ee424SYuri Pankov# Turkey reversed last month's decision, and so will stay at +03. 36804b8ee424SYuri Pankov 3681f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3682503609a9SYuri PankovRule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 3683503609a9SYuri PankovRule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3684503609a9SYuri PankovRule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 3685503609a9SYuri PankovRule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - 3686503609a9SYuri PankovRule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 3687503609a9SYuri PankovRule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 3688503609a9SYuri PankovRule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 3689503609a9SYuri PankovRule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 3690503609a9SYuri Pankov# Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925; 3691503609a9SYuri Pankov# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 3692503609a9SYuri PankovRule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S 3693503609a9SYuri PankovRule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3694503609a9SYuri PankovRule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 3695374df668SAndy FiddamanRule Turkey 1940 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S 3696374df668SAndy FiddamanRule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - 3697503609a9SYuri PankovRule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S 3698503609a9SYuri PankovRule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 3699503609a9SYuri PankovRule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 3700503609a9SYuri PankovRule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 3701503609a9SYuri PankovRule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 3702503609a9SYuri PankovRule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3703503609a9SYuri PankovRule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 3704374df668SAndy FiddamanRule Turkey 1947 1951 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 3705503609a9SYuri PankovRule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S 3706374df668SAndy FiddamanRule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S 3707503609a9SYuri PankovRule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S 3708374df668SAndy Fiddaman# DST for 15 months; unusual but we'll let it pass. 3709503609a9SYuri PankovRule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 3710374df668SAndy FiddamanRule Turkey 1963 only - Oct 30 0:00 0 - 3711503609a9SYuri PankovRule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 3712503609a9SYuri PankovRule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3713503609a9SYuri PankovRule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S 3714374df668SAndy FiddamanRule Turkey 1973 1976 - Oct Sun>=31 2:00 0 - 3715503609a9SYuri PankovRule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 3716374df668SAndy FiddamanRule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 22 2:00 1:00 S 3717374df668SAndy FiddamanRule Turkey 1976 only - Mar 21 2:00 1:00 S 3718374df668SAndy FiddamanRule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 3719374df668SAndy FiddamanRule Turkey 1977 1978 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 3720374df668SAndy FiddamanRule Turkey 1978 only - Jun 29 0:00 0 - 3721374df668SAndy FiddamanRule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 2:00 1:00 S 3722374df668SAndy FiddamanRule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 - 3723374df668SAndy FiddamanRule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 1:00s 1:00 S 3724374df668SAndy FiddamanRule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 1:00s 0 - 3725503609a9SYuri PankovRule Turkey 1986 1993 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 3726503609a9SYuri PankovRule Turkey 1986 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 3727503609a9SYuri PankovRule Turkey 1994 only - Mar 20 1:00s 1:00 S 3728503609a9SYuri PankovRule Turkey 1995 2006 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 3729503609a9SYuri PankovRule Turkey 1996 2006 - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 - 3730374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3731503609a9SYuri PankovZone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880 3732503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time? 3733374df668SAndy Fiddaman 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Jun 29 3734374df668SAndy Fiddaman 3:00 Turkey +03/+04 1984 Nov 1 2:00 3735503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 2007 3736503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 EU EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 1:00u 3737503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 - EET 2011 Mar 28 1:00u 3738503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 1:00u 3739503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 - EET 2014 Mar 31 1:00u 3740503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 EU EE%sT 2015 Oct 25 1:00u 3741503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 1:00 EEST 2015 Nov 8 1:00u 3742503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 EU EE%sT 2016 Sep 7 3743503609a9SYuri Pankov 3:00 - +03 3744503609a9SYuri Pankov 3745503609a9SYuri Pankov# Ukraine 3746503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3747427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# From Alois Treindl (2014-03-01): 37482de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# REGULATION A N O V A on March 20, 1992 N 139 ... means that from 37492de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# 1992 on, Ukraine had DST with begin time at 02:00 am, on last Sunday 37502de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# in March, and end time 03:00 am, last Sunday in September.... 37512de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# CABINET OF MINISTERS OF UKRAINE RESOLUTION on May 13, 1996 N 509 37522de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# "On the order of computation time on the territory of Ukraine" .... 37532de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# As this cabinet decision is from May 1996, it seems likely that the 37542de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# transition in March 1996, which predates it, was still at 2:00 am 37552de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# and not at 3:00 as would have been under EU rules. 37562de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# This is why I have set the change to EU rules into May 1996, 37572de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# so that the change in March is stil covered by the Ukraine rule. 3758b4eb54e1SRobert Mustacchi# The next change in October 1996 happened under EU rules. 37592de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# 3760fff4a956SAndy Fiddaman# From Paul Eggert (2022-08-27): 3761fff4a956SAndy Fiddaman# For now, assume that Ukraine's zones all followed the same rules, 37622de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# except that Crimea switched to Moscow time in 1994 as described elsewhere. 37632de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman 3764503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukrainian Ministry of Justice, 3765503609a9SYuri Pankov# via Garrett Wollman (2003-01-27): 3766503609a9SYuri Pankov# BTW, I've found the official document on this matter. It's government 3767503609a9SYuri Pankov# regulations No. 509, May 13, 1996. In my poor translation it says: 3768503609a9SYuri Pankov# "Time in Ukraine is set to second timezone (Kiev time). Each last Sunday 3769503609a9SYuri Pankov# of March at 3am the time is changing to 4am and each last Sunday of 3770503609a9SYuri Pankov# October the time at 4am is changing to 3am" 3771503609a9SYuri Pankov 3772503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-20): 3773503609a9SYuri Pankov# On September 20, 2011 the deputies of the Verkhovna Rada agreed to 3774503609a9SYuri Pankov# abolish the transfer clock to winter time. 3775503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3776503609a9SYuri Pankov# Bill No. 8330 of MP from the Party of Regions Oleg Nadoshi got 3777503609a9SYuri Pankov# approval from 266 deputies. 3778503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3779503609a9SYuri Pankov# Ukraine abolishes transfer back to the winter time (in Russian) 3780503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://news.mail.ru/politics/6861560/ 3781503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3782503609a9SYuri Pankov# The Ukrainians will no longer change the clock (in Russian) 3783503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14290482.html 3784503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3785503609a9SYuri Pankov# Deputies cancelled the winter time (in Russian) 3786b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2011/09/20/6600616/ 3787503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3788503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Philip Pizzey (2011-10-18): 3789503609a9SYuri Pankov# Today my Ukrainian colleagues have informed me that the 3790503609a9SYuri Pankov# Ukrainian parliament have decided that they will go to winter 3791503609a9SYuri Pankov# time this year after all. 3792503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3793503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Udo Schwedt (2011-10-18): 3794503609a9SYuri Pankov# As far as I understand, the recent change to the Ukrainian time zone 3795503609a9SYuri Pankov# (Europe/Kiev) to introduce permanent daylight saving time (similar 3796503609a9SYuri Pankov# to Russia) was reverted today: 3797503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://portal.rada.gov.ua/rada/control/en/publish/article/info_left?art_id=287324&cat_id=105995 3798503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3799503609a9SYuri Pankov# Also reported by Alexander Bokovoy (2011-10-18) who also noted: 3800503609a9SYuri Pankov# The law documents themselves are at 3801503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb_n/webproc4_1?id=&pf3511=41484 3802503609a9SYuri Pankov 3803427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# From Vladimir in Moscow via Alois Treindl re Kyiv time 1991/2 (2014-02-28): 3804503609a9SYuri Pankov# First in Ukraine they changed Time zone from UTC+3 to UTC+2 with DST: 3805503609a9SYuri Pankov# 03 25 1990 02:00 -03.00 1 Time Zone 3 with DST 3806503609a9SYuri Pankov# 07 01 1990 02:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST 3807503609a9SYuri Pankov# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 18.06.1990, No. 134. 3808503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/T001500.html 3809503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3810503609a9SYuri Pankov# They did not end DST in September, 1990 (according to the law, 3811503609a9SYuri Pankov# "summer time" was still in action): 3812503609a9SYuri Pankov# 09 30 1990 03:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST 3813503609a9SYuri Pankov# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 21.09.1990, No. 272. 3814503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/KP900272.html 3815503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3816503609a9SYuri Pankov# Again no change in March, 1991 ("summer time" in action): 3817503609a9SYuri Pankov# 03 31 1991 02:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST 3818503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3819503609a9SYuri Pankov# DST ended in September 1991 ("summer time" ended): 3820503609a9SYuri Pankov# 09 29 1991 03:00 -02.00 0 Time Zone 2, no DST 3821503609a9SYuri Pankov# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 25.09.1991, No. 225. 3822503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_21/pg_iwgdoc.htm 3823503609a9SYuri Pankov# This is an answer. 3824503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3825503609a9SYuri Pankov# Since 1992 they had normal DST procedure: 3826503609a9SYuri Pankov# 03 29 1992 02:00 -02.00 1 DST started 3827503609a9SYuri Pankov# 09 27 1992 03:00 -02.00 0 DST ended 3828503609a9SYuri Pankov# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 20.03.1992, No. 139. 3829503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_8u/pg_grcasa.htm 3830503609a9SYuri Pankov 3831374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3832427b4c5cSAndy FiddamanZone Europe/Kyiv 2:02:04 - LMT 1880 3833427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman 2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kyiv Mean Time 3834503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 3835503609a9SYuri Pankov 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20 3836503609a9SYuri Pankov 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6 3837503609a9SYuri Pankov 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 Jul 1 2:00 3838503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 3:00 38392de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1996 May 13 3840503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 EU EE%sT 3841503609a9SYuri Pankov 3842503609a9SYuri Pankov############################################################################### 3843503609a9SYuri Pankov 3844503609a9SYuri Pankov# One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from 3845503609a9SYuri Pankov# the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986. 3846503609a9SYuri Pankov# The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else. 3847503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3848503609a9SYuri Pankov# According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but 3849503609a9SYuri Pankov# uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules. 3850503609a9SYuri Pankov# Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at 3851503609a9SYuri Pankov# 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey 3852503609a9SYuri Pankov# switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time 3853503609a9SYuri Pankov# and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST) 3854503609a9SYuri Pankov 3855503609a9SYuri Pankov# ... 3856503609a9SYuri Pankov# Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100 3857503609a9SYuri Pankov# From: Tom Hofmann 3858503609a9SYuri Pankov# ... 3859503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3860503609a9SYuri Pankov# ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when 3861503609a9SYuri Pankov# most European countries started DST. Before that year, only 3862503609a9SYuri Pankov# a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according 3863503609a9SYuri Pankov# to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on 3864503609a9SYuri Pankov# 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following 3865503609a9SYuri Pankov# years... 3866503609a9SYuri Pankov# But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions 3867503609a9SYuri Pankov# than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST 3868503609a9SYuri Pankov# one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep 3869503609a9SYuri Pankov# lastSun' in 1981 - I don't know how they handle now. 3870503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3871503609a9SYuri Pankov# Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the 3872503609a9SYuri Pankov# Soviet Union (as far as I know). 3873503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3874503609a9SYuri Pankov# Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG, 3875503609a9SYuri Pankov# 4002 Basle, Switzerland 3876503609a9SYuri Pankov# ... 3877503609a9SYuri Pankov 3878503609a9SYuri Pankov# ... 3879503609a9SYuri Pankov# Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100 3880503609a9SYuri Pankov# From: Dik T. Winter 3881503609a9SYuri Pankov# ... 3882503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3883503609a9SYuri Pankov# The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct. 3884503609a9SYuri Pankov# After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information 3885503609a9SYuri Pankov# about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969. 3886503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3887503609a9SYuri Pankov# ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on 3888503609a9SYuri Pankov# first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September... 3889503609a9SYuri Pankov# In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that 3890503609a9SYuri Pankov# the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from 1982 3891503609a9SYuri Pankov# the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in 3892503609a9SYuri Pankov# the Sov[i]et Union. In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch 3893503609a9SYuri Pankov# dates... 3894503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3895503609a9SYuri Pankov# It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g. 3896503609a9SYuri Pankov# Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST... 3897503609a9SYuri Pankov# Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not 3898503609a9SYuri Pankov# all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations 3899503609a9SYuri Pankov# occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always 3900503609a9SYuri Pankov# assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the 3901503609a9SYuri Pankov# case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours 3902503609a9SYuri Pankov# in advance of normal time. 3903503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3904503609a9SYuri Pankov# ... 3905503609a9SYuri Pankov# dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland 3906503609a9SYuri Pankov# ... 3907503609a9SYuri Pankov 3908503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 3909503609a9SYuri Pankov# ... 3910503609a9SYuri Pankov# Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates). 3911503609a9SYuri Pankov# Since 1978. Change at midnight. 3912503609a9SYuri Pankov# ... 3913503609a9SYuri Pankov# Monaco: has same DST as France. 3914503609a9SYuri Pankov# ... 3915