1# tzdb data for Australasia and environs, and for much of the Pacific 2 3# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 4# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 5 6# This file also includes Pacific islands. 7 8# Notes are at the end of this file 9 10############################################################################### 11 12# Australia 13 14# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 15 16# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 17Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 2:00s 1:00 D 18Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 19Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00s 1:00 D 20Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 21Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00s 1:00 D 22Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 23Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00s 1:00 D 24 25# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 26# Northern Territory 27Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 28 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 29 9:30 Aus AC%sT 30# Western Australia 31# 32# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 33Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 34Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 35Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 36Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 37Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 D 38Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 39Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 D 40Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 41Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 42Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 43 8:00 Aus AW%sT 1943 Jul 44 8:00 AW AW%sT 45Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 46 8:45 Aus +0845/+0945 1943 Jul 47 8:45 AW +0845/+0945 48 49# Queensland 50# 51# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 52# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 53# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 54# Queensland ceased to. 55# 56# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 57# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 58# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 59# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 60# so use Lindeman. 61# 62# From J William Piggott (2016-02-20): 63# There is no location named Holiday Islands in Queensland Australia; holiday 64# islands is a colloquial term used globally. Hayman and Lindeman are at the 65# north and south extremes of the Whitsunday Islands archipelago, and 66# Hamilton is in between; it is reasonable to believe that this time zone 67# applies to all of the Whitsundays. 68# http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/austn-islands 69# 70# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 71Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 72Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 73Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 74Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 75Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 76Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 77Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 78 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 79 10:00 AQ AE%sT 80Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 81 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 82 10:00 AQ AE%sT 1992 Jul 83 10:00 Holiday AE%sT 84 85# South Australia 86# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 87Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 88Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D 89Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 90Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S 91Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 92Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 93Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 S 94Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 S 95Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 S 96Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 S 97Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 98Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 S 99Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 100Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 101Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 102# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 103Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 104 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 105 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 106 9:30 AS AC%sT 107 108# Tasmania 109# 110# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 111# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml 112# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 113# 114# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 115Rule AT 1916 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 116Rule AT 1917 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 117Rule AT 1917 1918 - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 D 118Rule AT 1918 1919 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 119Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 120Rule AT 1968 only - Mar Sun>=29 2:00s 0 S 121Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 122Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 S 123Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 124Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 125Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 126Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 127Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D 128Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 129Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 D 130Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 131Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 132Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 133Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 134Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 135Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 136Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 137Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 138# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 139Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 140 10:00 AT AE%sT 1919 Oct 24 141 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 142 10:00 AT AE%sT 143 144# Victoria 145# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 146Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 147Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 148Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 149Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 150Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D 151Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 152Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 153Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 154Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 155Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 156Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 157Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 158Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 159Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 160# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 161Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 162 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 163 10:00 AV AE%sT 164 165# New South Wales 166# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 167Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 168Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S 169Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 170Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 171Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 172Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 173Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D 174Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 175Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 176Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 177Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 178Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 179Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 180Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 181Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 182Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 183# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 184Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 185 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 186 10:00 AN AE%sT 187Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 188 10:00 - AEST 1896 Aug 23 189 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 190 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 191 9:30 AN AC%sT 2000 192 9:30 AS AC%sT 193 194# Lord Howe Island 195# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 196Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 197Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 198Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 199Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 200Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - 201Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 202Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 203Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 204Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 205Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 206Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 207Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 208Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 209Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 - 210Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 211 10:00 - AEST 1981 Mar 212 10:30 LH +1030/+1130 1985 Jul 213 10:30 LH +1030/+11 214 215# Australian miscellany 216# 217# Ashmore Is, Cartier 218# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 219# no times are set 220# 221# Coral Sea Is 222# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 223# no times are set 224# 225# Macquarie 226# Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948; 227# sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the 228# Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island 229# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828 230# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831 231# Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010. 232# 233# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10): 234# We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: 235# - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not 236# switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do 237# on 4 April. 238# 239# From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23): 240# The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics 241# will produce a binary file with an [A]EST-type as the first 32-bit type; 242# this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by 243# pre-2013 versions of localtime. 244Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - -00 1899 Nov 245 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 246 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 247 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1919 Apr 1 0:00s 248 0 - -00 1948 Mar 25 249 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 250 10:00 AT AE%sT 2010 251 10:00 1:00 AEDT 2011 252 10:00 AT AE%sT 253 254# Fiji 255 256# Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva. 257 258# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): 259# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST 260# from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. 261# 262# "Daylight savings to commence this month" 263# http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 264# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html 265 266# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): 267# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved 268# amendments: 269# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml 270 271# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): 272# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on 273# 2010-03-28 at 03:00. 274# The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March 275# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). 276# 277# Official source: 278# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 279# 280# A bit more background info here: 281# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html 282 283# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): 284# According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 285# weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... 286# Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, 287# Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: 288# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 289# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html 290 291# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03): 292# Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date 293# assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong). 294# 295# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 296# which says 297# Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in 298# advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to 299# 2am on February 26 next year. 300 301# From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24) 302# Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for 303# Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22. 304# 305# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 306# states: 307# 308# The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012 309# has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012. 310# The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start 311# on the 23rd of October, 2011. 312 313# From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen: 314# The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate 315# today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st 316# October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013. 317# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155 318 319# From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler: 320# Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 ... 321# move clocks forward by one hour from 2am 322# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx 323 324# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-01-10): 325# Fiji will end DST on 2014-01-19 02:00: 326# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS-TO-END-THIS-MONTH-%281%29.aspx 327 328# From Ken Rylander (2014-10-20): 329# DST will start Nov. 2 this year. 330# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-NOVEMBER-2ND.aspx 331 332# From a government order dated 2015-08-26 and published as Legal Notice No. 77 333# in the Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 24 (2015-08-28), 334# via Ken Rylander (2015-09-02): 335# the daylight saving period is 1 hour in advance of the standard time 336# commencing at 2.00 am on Sunday 1st November, 2015 and ending at 337# 3.00 am on Sunday 17th January, 2016. 338 339# From Raymond Kumar (2016-10-04): 340# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-6th-NOVEMBER,-2016.aspx 341# "Fiji's daylight savings will begin on Sunday, 6 November 2016, when 342# clocks go forward an hour at 2am to 3am.... Daylight Saving will 343# end at 3.00am on Sunday 15th January 2017." 344 345# From Paul Eggert (2017-08-21): 346# Dominic Fok writes (2017-08-20) that DST ends 2018-01-14, citing 347# Extraordinary Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 21 (2017-08-27), 348# [Legal Notice No. 41] of an order of the previous day by J Usamate. 349 350# From Raymond Kumar (2018-07-13): 351# http://www.fijitimes.com/government-approves-2018-daylight-saving/ 352# ... The daylight saving period will end at 3am on Sunday January 13, 2019. 353 354# From Paul Eggert (2019-08-06): 355# Today Raymond Kumar reported the Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 27 356# (2019-08-02) said that Fiji observes DST "commencing at 2.00 am on 357# Sunday, 10 November 2019 and ending at 3.00 am on Sunday, 12 January 2020." 358# For now, guess DST from 02:00 the second Sunday in November to 03:00 359# the first Sunday on or after January 12. January transitions reportedly 360# depend on when school terms start. Although the guess is ad hoc, it matches 361# transitions planned this year and seems more likely to match future practice 362# than guessing no DST. 363# From Michael Deckers (2019-08-06): 364# https://www.laws.gov.fj/LawsAsMade/downloadfile/848 365 366# From Raymond Kumar (2020-10-08): 367# [DST in Fiji] is from December 20th 2020, till 17th January 2021. 368# From Alan Mintz (2020-10-08): 369# https://www.laws.gov.fj/LawsAsMade/GetFile/1071 370# From Tim Parenti (2020-10-08): 371# https://www.fijivillage.com/news/Daylight-saving-from-Dec-20th-this-year-to-Jan-17th-2021-8rf4x5/ 372# "Minister for Employment, Parveen Bala says they had never thought of 373# stopping daylight saving. He says it was just to decide on when it should 374# start and end. Bala says it is a short period..." 375# 376# From Tim Parenti (2021-10-11), per Jashneel Kumar (2021-10-11) and P Chan 377# (2021-10-12): 378# https://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Centre/Speeches/English/PM-BAINIMARAMA-S-COVID-19-ANNOUNCEMENT-10-10-21 379# https://www.fbcnews.com.fj/news/covid-19/curfew-moved-back-to-11pm/ 380# In a 2021-10-10 speech concerning updated Covid-19 mitigation measures in 381# Fiji, prime minister Josaia Voreqe "Frank" Bainimarama announced the 382# suspension of DST for the 2021/2022 season: "Given that we are in the process 383# of readjusting in the midst of so many changes, we will also put Daylight 384# Savings Time on hold for this year. It will also make the reopening of 385# scheduled commercial air service much smoother if we don't have to be 386# concerned shifting arrival and departure times, which may look like a simple 387# thing but requires some significant logistical adjustments domestically and 388# internationally." 389 390# From Shalvin Narayan (2022-10-27): 391# Please note that there will not be any daylight savings time change 392# in Fiji for 2022-2023.... 393# https://www.facebook.com/FijianGovernment/posts/pfbid0mmWVTYmTibn66ybpFda75pDcf34SSpoSaskJW5gXwaKo5Sgc7273Q4fXWc6kQV6Hl 394# 395# From Paul Eggert (2022-10-27): 396# For now, assume DST is suspended indefinitely. 397 398# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 399Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - 400Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 401Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 - 402Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - 403Rule Fiji 2010 2013 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 - 404Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 405Rule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 - 406Rule Fiji 2014 only - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 - 407Rule Fiji 2014 2018 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - 408Rule Fiji 2015 2021 - Jan Sun>=12 3:00 0 - 409Rule Fiji 2019 only - Nov Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 - 410Rule Fiji 2020 only - Dec 20 2:00 1:00 - 411# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 412Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 413 12:00 Fiji +12/+13 414 415# French Polynesia 416# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 417Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 418 -9:00 - -09 419Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 420 -9:30 - -0930 421Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 422 -10:00 - -10 423# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 424# it is uninhabited. 425 426 427# Guam 428# N Mariana Is 429 430# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 431# http://guamlegislature.com/Public_Laws_5th/PL05-025.pdf 432# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-59-7-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time-May-6-1959.pdf 433Rule Guam 1959 only - Jun 27 2:00 1:00 D 434# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-61-5-Revocation-of-Daylight-Saving-Time-and-Restoratio.pdf 435Rule Guam 1961 only - Jan 29 2:00 0 S 436# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-67-13-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf 437Rule Guam 1967 only - Sep 1 2:00 1:00 D 438# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-69-2-Repeal-of-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf 439Rule Guam 1969 only - Jan 26 0:01 0 S 440# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-69-10-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf 441Rule Guam 1969 only - Jun 22 2:00 1:00 D 442Rule Guam 1969 only - Aug 31 2:00 0 S 443# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-70-10-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf 444# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-70-30-End-of-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf 445# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-71-5-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf 446Rule Guam 1970 1971 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 447Rule Guam 1970 1971 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 448# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-73-28.-Guam-Day-light-Saving-Time.pdf 449Rule Guam 1973 only - Dec 16 2:00 1:00 D 450# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-74-7-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time-Rescinded.pdf 451Rule Guam 1974 only - Feb 24 2:00 0 S 452# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-76-13-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf 453Rule Guam 1976 only - May 26 2:00 1:00 D 454# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-76-25-Revocation-of-E.O.-76-13.pdf 455Rule Guam 1976 only - Aug 22 2:01 0 S 456# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-77-4-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf 457Rule Guam 1977 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 D 458# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-77-18-Guam-Standard-Time.pdf 459Rule Guam 1977 only - Aug 28 2:00 0 S 460 461# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 462Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 463 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 464 10:00 - GST 1941 Dec 10 # Guam 465 9:00 - +09 1944 Jul 31 466 10:00 Guam G%sT 2000 Dec 23 467 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 468 469 470# Kiribati (Gilbert Is) 471# Marshall Is 472# Tuvalu 473# Wake 474# Wallis & Futuna 475# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 476Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 477 12:00 - +12 478 479# Kiribati (except Gilbert Is) 480# See Pacific/Tarawa for the Gilbert Is. 481# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 482Zone Pacific/Kanton 0 - -00 1937 Aug 31 483 -12:00 - -12 1979 Oct 484 -11:00 - -11 1994 Dec 31 485 13:00 - +13 486Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 487 -10:40 - -1040 1979 Oct 488 -10:00 - -10 1994 Dec 31 489 14:00 - +14 490 491# Marshall Is 492# See Pacific/Tarawa for most locations. 493# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 494Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 495 11:00 - +11 1937 496 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 497 9:00 - +09 1944 Feb 6 498 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct 499 -12:00 - -12 1993 Aug 20 24:00 500 12:00 - +12 501 502# Micronesia 503# For Chuuk and Yap see Pacific/Port_Moresby. 504# For Pohnpei see Pacific/Guadalcanal. 505# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 506Zone Pacific/Kosrae -13:08:04 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 507 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 508 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct 509 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1 510 11:00 - +11 1937 511 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 512 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 513 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct 514 12:00 - +12 1999 515 11:00 - +11 516 517# Nauru 518# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 519Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 520 11:30 - +1130 1942 Aug 29 521 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 8 522 11:30 - +1130 1979 Feb 10 2:00 523 12:00 - +12 524 525# New Caledonia 526# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 527Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 - 528Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 529Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 - 530# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 531Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 532# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 533Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Nouméa 534 11:00 NC +11/+12 535 536 537############################################################################### 538 539# New Zealand 540# McMurdo Station and Scott Base in Antarctica use Auckland time. 541 542# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 543Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 544Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 545Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 546Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 547Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 548Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 549Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 550# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but until 2018a 551# there was no documented single notation for the date and time of this 552# transition. Duplicate the Rule lines for now, to give the 2018a change 553# time to percolate out. 554Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 555Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 - 556Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 557Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 - 558Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 559Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 - 560Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 561Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 - 562Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 563Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 - 564Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 565Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 - 566Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 567Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 - 568Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 569Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 - 570Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 571Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 - 572# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 573Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 574 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 575 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 576 577Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 578 12:15 - +1215 1946 Jan 1 579 12:45 Chatham +1245/+1345 580 581# Auckland Is 582# uninhabited; Māori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 583# and scientific personnel have wintered 584 585# Campbell I 586# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 587# scientific station operated 1941/1995; 588# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 589# was probably like Pacific/Auckland 590 591# Cook Is 592# 593# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2021-03-24): 594# In 1899 the Cook Islands celebrated Christmas twice to correct the calendar. 595# According to the old books, missionaries were unaware of 596# the International Date line, when they came from Sydney. 597# Thus the Cook Islands were one day ahead.... 598# http://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-KloDisc-t1-body-d18.html 599# ... Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1900 600# https://atojs.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/atojs?a=d&d=AJHR1900-I.2.1.2.3 601# (page 20) 602# 603# From Michael Deckers (2021-03-24): 604# ... in the Cook Island Act of 1915-10-11, online at 605# http://www.paclii.org/ck/legis/ck-nz_act/cia1915132/ 606# "651. The hour of the day shall in each of the islands included in the 607# Cook Islands be determined in accordance with the meridian of that island." 608# so that local (mean?) time was still used in Rarotonga (and Niue) in 1915. 609# This was changed in the Cook Island Amendment Act of 1952-10-16 ... 610# http://www.paclii.org/ck/legis/ck-nz_act/ciaa1952212/ 611# "651 (1) The hour of the day in each of the islands included in the Cook 612# Islands, other than Niue, shall be determined as if each island were 613# situated on the meridian one hundred and fifty-seven degrees thirty minutes 614# West of Greenwich. (2) The hour of the day in the Island of Niue shall be 615# determined as if that island were situated on the meridian one hundred and 616# seventy degrees West of Greenwich." 617# This act does not state when it takes effect, so one has to assume it 618# applies since 1952-10-16. But there is the possibility that the act just 619# legalized prior existing practice, as we had seen with the Guernsey law of 620# 1913-06-18 for the switch in 1909-04-19. 621# 622# From Paul Eggert (2021-03-24): 623# Transitions after 1952 are from Shanks & Pottenger. 624# 625# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 626Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 - 627Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 628Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 - 629# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 630Zone Pacific/Rarotonga 13:20:56 - LMT 1899 Dec 26 # Avarua 631 -10:39:04 - LMT 1952 Oct 16 632 -10:30 - -1030 1978 Nov 12 633 -10:00 Cook -10/-0930 634 635############################################################################### 636 637 638# Niue 639# See Pacific/Rarotonga comments for 1952 transition. 640# 641# From Tim Parenti (2021-09-13): 642# Consecutive contemporaneous editions of The Air Almanac listed -11:20 for 643# Niue as of Apr 1964 but -11 as of Aug 1964: 644# Apr 1964: https://books.google.com/books?id=_1So677Y5vUC&pg=SL1-PA23 645# Aug 1964: https://books.google.com/books?id=MbJloqd-zyUC&pg=SL1-PA23 646# Without greater specificity, guess 1964-07-01 for this transition. 647 648# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 649Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1952 Oct 16 # Alofi 650 -11:20 - -1120 1964 Jul 651 -11:00 - -11 652 653# Norfolk 654# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 655Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 656 11:12 - +1112 1951 657 11:30 - +1130 1974 Oct 27 02:00s 658 11:30 1:00 +1230 1975 Mar 2 02:00s 659 11:30 - +1130 2015 Oct 4 02:00s 660 11:00 - +11 2019 Jul 661 11:00 AN +11/+12 662 663# Palau (Belau) 664# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 665Zone Pacific/Palau -15:02:04 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 # Koror 666 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 667 9:00 - +09 668 669# Papua New Guinea 670# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 671Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 672 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 673 10:00 - +10 674# 675# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13): 676# Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have 677# the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War. 678# 679# Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for UT +09, these dates 680# are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns. 681# The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta. 682# The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942, 683# according to the Pacific War Online Encyclopedia 684# https://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm 685# and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender. 686# 687# The Autonomous Region of Bougainville switched from UT +10 to +11 688# on 2014-12-28 at 02:00. They call +11 "Bougainville Standard Time". 689# See: 690# http://www.bougainville24.com/bougainville-issues/bougainville-gets-own-timezone/ 691# 692Zone Pacific/Bougainville 10:22:16 - LMT 1880 693 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 694 10:00 - +10 1942 Jul 695 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 21 696 10:00 - +10 2014 Dec 28 2:00 697 11:00 - +11 698 699# Pitcairn 700# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 701Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 702 -8:30 - -0830 1998 Apr 27 0:00 703 -8:00 - -08 704 705# American Samoa 706# Midway 707Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1892 Jul 5 708 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 709 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 710 711# Samoa (formerly and also known as Western Samoa) 712 713# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): 714# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received 715# the following info: 716# 717# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year 718# commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first 719# Sunday of April 2011." 720# 721# Background info: 722# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html 723# 724# Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not 725# contain any dates: 726# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf 727 728# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): 729# Please see 730# http://www.mcil.gov.ws 731# the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday 732# September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight 733# to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks 734# backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" 735 736# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07): 737# [http://www.mcil.gov.ws/ftcd/daylight_saving_2011.pdf] 738# 739# ... when the standard time strikes the hour of four o'clock (4.00am 740# or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, then all instruments used to 741# measure standard time are to be adjusted/changed to three o'clock 742# (3:00am or 0300Hrs). 743 744# From David Zülke (2011-05-09): 745# Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line 746# 747# http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963 748 749# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-27): 750# The International Date Line Act 2011 751# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/images/ACTS/International_Date_Line_Act__2011_-_Eng.pdf 752# changed Samoa from UT -11 to +13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on 753# Thursday 29th December 2011". The International Date Line was adjusted 754# accordingly. 755 756# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02): 757# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 758# 759# here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change 760# 761# DST 762# Year End Time Start Time 763# 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am 764# 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - - 765# 766# Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011 767# Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours 768# Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours 769# 770# From Nicholas Pereira (2012-09-10): 771# Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and 772# ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013.... 773# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 774# 775# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08): 776# That web page currently lists transitions for 2012/3 and 2013/4. 777# Assume the pattern instituted in 2012 will continue indefinitely. 778# 779# From Geoffrey D. Bennett (2021-09-20): 780# https://www.mcil.gov.ws/storage/2021/09/MCIL-Scan_20210920_120553.pdf 781# DST has been cancelled for this year. 782 783# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 784Rule WS 2010 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1 - 785Rule WS 2011 only - Apr Sat>=1 4:00 0 - 786Rule WS 2011 only - Sep lastSat 3:00 1 - 787Rule WS 2012 2021 - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 - 788Rule WS 2012 2020 - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 - 789# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 790Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1892 Jul 5 791 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 792 -11:30 - -1130 1950 793 -11:00 WS -11/-10 2011 Dec 29 24:00 794 13:00 WS +13/+14 795 796# Solomon Is 797# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 798# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 799Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 800 11:00 - +11 801 802# Tokelau 803# 804# From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29) 805# A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping 806# December 31 this year ... 807# 808# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25) 809# ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking 810# about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13.... 811# Shanks says UT-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change 812# actually was to UT-11 back then. 813# 814# From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25) 815# A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of 816# Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948, 817# <https://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau 818# was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger 819# are off by an hour starting in 1901. 820 821# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 822Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 823 -11:00 - -11 2011 Dec 30 824 13:00 - +13 825 826# Tonga 827# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 828Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 - 829Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 830Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - 831Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 832Rule Tonga 2016 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - 833Rule Tonga 2017 only - Jan Sun>=15 3:00 0 - 834# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 835Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:12 - LMT 1945 Sep 10 836 12:20 - +1220 1961 837 13:00 - +13 1999 838 13:00 Tonga +13/+14 839 840 841# US minor outlying islands 842 843# Howland, Baker 844# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British 845# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. 846# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; 847# uninhabited thereafter. 848# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT -10:30) in 1937; 849# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, 850# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). 851# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 852# until they were abandoned after the war. 853 854# Jarvis 855# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. 856# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; 857# uninhabited thereafter. 858# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 859 860# Johnston 861# 862# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10): 863# Sometimes Johnston kept Hawaii time, and sometimes it was an hour behind. 864# Details are uncertain. We have no data for Johnston after 1970, so 865# treat it like Hawaii for now. Since Johnston is now uninhabited, 866# its link to Pacific/Honolulu is in the 'backward' file. 867# 868# In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945 869# <http://www.315bw.org/Herb_Bach.htm> (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes, 870# "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM 871# Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time." This was in June 1945, and 872# confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945. 873# 874# From Lyle McElhaney (2014-03-11): 875# [W]hen JI was being used for that [atomic bomb] testing, the time being used 876# was not Hawaiian time but rather the same time being used on the ships, 877# which had a GMT offset of -11 hours. This apparently applied to at least the 878# time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last 879# Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin, 880# "The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the 881# Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976. 882# https://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf 883# See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a 884# footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time 885# Minus One Hour". 886 887# Kingman 888# uninhabited 889 890# Palmyra 891# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 892 893 894# Vanuatu 895 896# From P Chan (2020-11-27): 897# Joint Daylight Saving Regulation No 59 of 1973 898# New Hebrides Condominium Gazette No 336. December 1973 899# http://www.paclii.org/vu/other/VUNHGovGaz//1973/11.pdf#page=15 900# 901# Joint Daylight Saving (Repeal) Regulation No 10 of 1974 902# New Hebrides Condominium Gazette No 336. March 1974 903# http://www.paclii.org/vu/other/VUNHGovGaz//1974/3.pdf#page=11 904# 905# Summer Time Act No. 35 of 1982 [commenced 1983-09-01] 906# http://www.paclii.org/vu/other/VUGovGaz/1982/32.pdf#page=48 907# 908# Summer Time Act (Cap 157) 909# Laws of the Republic of Vanuatu Revised Edition 1988 910# http://www.paclii.org/cgi-bin/sinodisp/vu/legis/consol_act1988/sta147/sta147.html 911# 912# Summer Time (Amendment) Act No. 6 of 1991 [commenced 1991-11-11] 913# http://www.paclii.org/vu/legis/num_act/sta1991227/ 914# 915# Summer Time (Repeal) Act No. 4 of 1993 [commenced 1993-05-03] 916# http://www.paclii.org/vu/other/VUGovGaz/1993/15.pdf#page=59 917 918# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 919Rule Vanuatu 1973 only - Dec 22 12:00u 1:00 - 920Rule Vanuatu 1974 only - Mar 30 12:00u 0 - 921Rule Vanuatu 1983 1991 - Sep Sat>=22 24:00 1:00 - 922Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sat>=22 24:00 0 - 923Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sat>=22 24:00 0 - 924Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sat>=22 24:00 1:00 - 925# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 926Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 927 11:00 Vanuatu +11/+12 928 929############################################################################### 930 931# NOTES 932 933# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 934# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 935# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 936# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 937 938# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): 939# 940# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 941# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 942# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 943# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 944# 945# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source 946# for time zone data was the International Air Transport 947# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 948# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 949# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 950# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 951# 952# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 953# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 954# I found in the UCLA library. 955# 956# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 957# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 958# https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 959# 960# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 961# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 962# 963# I invented the abbreviation marked "*". 964# The following abbreviations are from other sources. 965# Corrections are welcome! 966# std dst 967# LMT Local Mean Time 968# 8:00 AWST AWDT Western Australia 969# 9:30 ACST ACDT Central Australia 970# 10:00 AEST AEDT Eastern Australia 971# 10:00 GST GDT* Guam through 2000 972# 10:00 ChST Chamorro 973# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 974# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 975# -11:00 SST Samoa 976# -10:00 HST Hawaii 977# 978# See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii. 979# See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galápagos Is. 980 981############################################################################### 982 983# Australia 984 985# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 986# Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting 987# region against region, rural against urban, and local against global. 988# For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving 989# Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native 990# Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was 991# very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a 992# Melbourne-based study) replete with the usual chuckleheaded 993# Queenslanders and straw-chewing yokels from the West prattling fables 994# about fading curtains and crazed farm animals." 995# Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History (1997-03-03) 996# http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/reviews/davison.htm 997 998# From P Chan (2020-11-20): 999# Daylight Saving Act 1916 (No. 40 of 1916) [1916-12-21, commenced 1917-01-01] 1000# http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/num_act/dsa1916401916192/ 1001# 1002# Daylight Saving Repeal Act 1917 (No. 35 of 1917) [1917-09-25] 1003# http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/num_act/dsra1917351917243/ 1004# 1005# Statutory Rules 1941, No. 323 [1941-12-24] 1006# https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C1941L00323 1007# 1008# Statutory Rules 1942, No. 392 [1942-09-10] 1009# https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C1942L00392 1010# 1011# Statutory Rules 1943, No. 241 [1943-09-29] 1012# https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C1943L00241 1013# 1014# All transition times should be 02:00 standard time. 1015 1016 1017# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 1018# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 1019# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml 1020# summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 1021 1022# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 1023# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 1024# http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving 1025# covers New South Wales in particular. 1026 1027# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 1028# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as 'daylight' time. 1029# It is called 'summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, 'summer' 1030# and 'standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 1031# abbreviation does _not_ change... 1032# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 1033# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 1034# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 1035# the phrase 'summer time' and does not use the phrase 'daylight 1036# time'. 1037# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 1038# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases 'Eastern Standard Time' 1039# or 'Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 1040# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 1041# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 1042# prefixed by the word 'Australian' when referring to local times; 1043# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 1044 1045# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 1046# 1047# Inspired by Mackin's remarks quoted above, earlier versions of this 1048# file used "EST" for both Eastern Standard Time and Eastern Summer 1049# Time in Australia, and similarly for "CST", "CWST", and "WST". 1050# However, these abbreviations were confusing and were not common 1051# practice among Australians, and there were justifiable complaints 1052# about them, so I attempted to survey current Australian usage. 1053# For the tz database, the full English phrase is not that important; 1054# what matters is the abbreviation. It's difficult to survey the web 1055# directly for abbreviation usage, as there are so many false hits for 1056# strings like "EST" and "EDT", so I looked for pages that defined an 1057# abbreviation for eastern or central DST in Australia, and got the 1058# following numbers of unique hits for the listed Google queries: 1059# 1060# 10 "Eastern Daylight Time AEST" site:au [some are false hits] 1061# 10 "Eastern Summer Time AEST" site:au 1062# 10 "Summer Time AEDT" site:au 1063# 13 "EDST Eastern Daylight Saving Time" site:au 1064# 18 "Summer Time ESST" site:au 1065# 28 "Eastern Daylight Saving Time EDST" site:au 1066# 39 "EDT Eastern Daylight Time" site:au [some are false hits] 1067# 53 "Eastern Daylight Time EDT" site:au [some are false hits] 1068# 54 "AEDT Australian Eastern Daylight Time" site:au 1069# 182 "Eastern Daylight Time AEDT" site:au 1070# 1071# 17 "Central Daylight Time CDT" site:au [some are false hits] 1072# 46 "Central Daylight Time ACDT" site:au 1073# 1074# I tried several other variants (e.g., "Eastern Summer Time EST") but 1075# they all returned fewer than 10 unique hits. I also looked for pages 1076# mentioning both "western standard time" and an abbreviation, since 1077# there is no WST in the US to generate false hits, and found: 1078# 1079# 156 "western standard time" AWST site:au 1080# 226 "western standard time" WST site:au 1081# 1082# I then surveyed the top ten newspapers in Australia by circulation as 1083# listed in Wikipedia, using Google queries like "AEDT site:heraldsun.com.au" 1084# and obtaining estimated counts from the initial page of search results. 1085# All ten papers greatly preferred "AEDT" to "EDT". The papers 1086# surveyed were the Herald Sun, The Daily Telegraph, The Courier-Mail, 1087# The Sydney Morning Herald, The West Australian, The Age, The Advertiser, 1088# The Australian, The Financial Review, and The Herald (Newcastle). 1089# 1090# I also searched for historical usage, to see whether abbreviations 1091# like "AEDT" are new. A Trove search <http://trove.nla.gov.au/> 1092# found only one newspaper (The Canberra Times) with a house style 1093# dating back to the 1970s, I expect because other newspapers weren't 1094# fully indexed. The Canberra Times strongly preferred abbreviations 1095# like "AEDT". The first occurrence of "AEDT" was a World Weather 1096# column (1971-11-17, page 24), and of "ACDT" was a Scoreboard column 1097# (1993-01-24, p 16). The style was the typical usage but was not 1098# strictly enforced; for example, "Welcome to the twilight zones ..." 1099# (1994-10-29, p 1) uses the abbreviations AEST/AEDT, CST/CDT, and 1100# WST, and goes on to say, "The confusion and frustration some feel 1101# about the lack of uniformity among Australia's six states and two 1102# territories has prompted one group to form its very own political 1103# party -- the Sydney-based Daylight Saving Extension Party." 1104# 1105# I also surveyed federal government sources. They did not agree: 1106# 1107# The Australian Government (2014-03-26) 1108# http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/time 1109# (This document was produced by the Department of Finance.) 1110# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT 1111# 1112# Bureau of Meteorology (2012-11-08) 1113# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml 1114# EST CST WST EDT CDT 1115# 1116# Civil Aviation Safety Authority (undated) 1117# http://services.casa.gov.au/outnback/inc/pages/episode3/episode-3_time_zones.shtml 1118# EST CST WST (no abbreviations given for DST) 1119# 1120# Geoscience Australia (2011-11-24) 1121# http://www.ga.gov.au/geodesy/astro/sunrise.jsp 1122# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT 1123# 1124# Parliamentary Library (2008-11-10) 1125# https://www.aph.gov.au/binaries/library/pubs/rp/2008-09/09rp14.pdf 1126# EST CST WST preferred for standard time; AEST AEDT ACST ACDT also used 1127# 1128# The Transport Safety Bureau has an extensive series of accident reports, 1129# and investigators seem to use whatever abbreviation they like. 1130# Googling site:atsb.gov.au found the following number of unique hits: 1131# 311 "ESuT", 195 "EDT", 26 "AEDT", 83 "CSuT", 46 "CDT". 1132# "_SuT" tended to appear in older reports, and "A_DT" tended to 1133# appear in reports of events with international implications. 1134# 1135# From the above it appears that there is a working consensus in 1136# Australia to use trailing "DT" for daylight saving time; although 1137# some sources use trailing "SST" or "ST" or "SuT" they are by far in 1138# the minority. The case for leading "A" is weaker, but since it 1139# seems to be preferred in the overall web and is preferred in all 1140# the leading newspaper websites and in many government departments, 1141# it has a stronger case than omitting the leading "A". The current 1142# version of the database therefore uses abbreviations like "AEST" and 1143# "AEDT" for Australian time zones. 1144 1145# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 1146# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1147# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 1148# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 1149# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 1150# and perhaps the newspaper's '2:00' is referring to standard time. 1151# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 1152 1153# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 1154# 1155# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 1156# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 1157# relevant entries in this database. 1158# 1159# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 1160# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 1161# https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html 1162# ACT 1163# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 1164# https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html 1165# SA 1166# Standard Time Act, 1898 1167# https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html 1168 1169# From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 1170# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 1171# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 1172# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 1173# in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 1174# 1175# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 1176# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 1177# to extend DST together in 2006. 1178# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 1179# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 1180# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 1181# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 1182# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 1183# allude to it. 1184# But not Queensland 1185# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html 1186 1187# Northern Territory 1188 1189# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1190# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 1191# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1192# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 1193# ... 1194# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 1195 1196# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1197# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1198# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 1199 1200# Western Australia 1201 1202# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1203# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 1204# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1205# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 1206# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 1207# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 1208# # before reaching parliament. 1209# ... 1210# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 1211# ... 1212# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1213# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1214# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1215# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1216 1217# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1218# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1219# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 1220 1221# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 1222# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 1223# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 1224# work at 9.00am.) 1225# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 1226# everybody again. 1227 1228# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1229# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 1230# it matches what was used in the past. 1231 1232# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 1233# http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm 1234# (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 1235# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 1236 1237# From Paul Eggert (2018-04-01): 1238# The Guardian Express of Perth, Australia reported today that the 1239# government decided to advance the clocks permanently on January 1, 1240# 2019, from UT +08 to UT +09. The article noted that an exemption 1241# would be made for people aged 61 and over, who "can apply in writing 1242# to have the extra hour of sunshine removed from their area." See: 1243# Daylight saving coming to WA in 2019. Guardian Express. 2018-04-01. 1244# https://www.communitynews.com.au/guardian-express/news/exclusive-daylight-savings-coming-wa-summer-2018/ 1245# [The article ends with "Today's date is April 1."] 1246 1247# Queensland 1248 1249# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-26): 1250# I lack access to the following source for Queensland DST: 1251# Pearce C. History of daylight saving time in Queensland. 1252# Queensland Hist J. 2017 Aug;23(6):389-403 1253# https://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=994682348436426;res=IELHSS 1254 1255# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1256# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 1257# # [ Dec 1990 ] 1258# ... 1259# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 1260# ... 1261# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1262# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 1263# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1264# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 1265 1266# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 1267# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 1268# October 1989). 1269 1270# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1271# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1272# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1273# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1274 1275# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 1276# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 1277# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 1278# me.) 1279 1280# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 1281# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 1282# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 1283# ... 1284# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1285# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1286# ... 1287 1288# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1289# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 1290 1291# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 1292# from Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 1293# WA are trialing DST for three years. 1294# http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf 1295 1296# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 1297# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 1298# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 1299# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 1300# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 1301# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 1302# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 1303# Australia and Western Australia.... 1304# 1305# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 1306# This is confirmed by the section entitled 1307# "What's the deal with time zones???" in 1308# http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html 1309# 1310# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 1311# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 1312# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 1313# coast of the continent. 1314# 1315# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 1316# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 1317# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 1318# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 1319# the largest population centre in this zone.... 1320# 1321# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 1322# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 1323# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 1324# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 1325# 1326# (2006-12-09): 1327# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 1328# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 1329# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 1330# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 1331# 1332# From Gilmore Davidson (2019-04-08): 1333# https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-04-08/this-remote-stretch-of-desert-has-its-own-custom-time-zone/10981000 1334# ... include[s] a rough description of the geographical boundaries... 1335# "The time zone exists for about 340 kilometres and takes in the tiny 1336# roadhouse communities of Cocklebiddy, Madura, Eucla and Border Village." 1337# ... and an indication that the zone has definitely been in existence 1338# since before the 1970 cut-off of the database ... 1339# From Paul Eggert (2019-05-17): 1340# That ABC Esperance story by Christien de Garis also says: 1341# Although the Central Western Time Zone is not officially recognised (your 1342# phones won't automatically change), there is a sign instructing you which 1343# way to wind your clocks 45 minutes and scrawled underneath one of them in 1344# Texta is the word: 'Why'? 1345# "Good question," Mr Pike said. 1346# "I don't even know that, and it's been going for over 50 years." 1347 1348# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 1349# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 1350# introduction of standard time in 1895. 1351 1352 1353# southeast Australia 1354# 1355# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1356# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT 1357# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. 1358# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html 1359 1360 1361# South Australia 1362 1363# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1364# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1365# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1366# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1367 1368# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1369# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 1370# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1371# ... 1372# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 1373# ... 1374# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1375# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1376# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 1377# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1378 1379# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 1380# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 1381# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 1382# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 1383 1384# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 1385# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 1386# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 1387# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 1388# is on... 1389 1390# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 1391# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 1392# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 1393# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 1394 1395# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 1396# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 1397# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 1398# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 1399 1400# From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 1401# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 1402# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 1403# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 1404 1405# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1406# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1407 1408# Tasmania 1409 1410# From P Chan (2020-11-20): 1411# Tasmania observed DST in 1916-1919. 1412# 1413# Daylight Saving Act, 1916 (7 Geo V, No 2) [1916-09-22] 1414# http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/tas/num_act/tdsa19167gvn2267/ 1415# 1416# Daylight Saving Amendment Act, 1917 (8 Geo V, No 5) [1917-10-01] 1417# http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/tas/num_act/tdsaa19178gvn5347/ 1418# 1419# Daylight Saving Act Repeal Act, 1919 (10 Geo V, No 9) [1919-10-24] 1420# http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/tas/num_act/tdsara191910gvn9339/ 1421# 1422# King Island is mentioned in the 1967 Act but not the 1968 Act. 1423# Therefore it possibly observed DST from 1968/69. 1424# 1425# Daylight Saving Act 1967 (No. 33 of 1967) [1967-09-22] 1426# http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/tas/num_act/dsa196733o1967211/ 1427# 1428# Daylight Saving Act 1968 (No. 42 of 1968) [1968-10-15] 1429# http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/tas/num_act/dsa196842o1968211/ 1430 1431# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1432# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1433# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1434# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1435 1436# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 1437# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 1438# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 1439# (but nothing new about that). 1440 1441# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 1442# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 1443# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 1444# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 1445# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 1446# instead of the first Sunday in October. 1447 1448# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 1449# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 1450 1451# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1452# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1453 1454# Victoria 1455 1456# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1457# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1458# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1459# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1460 1461# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 1462# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 1463# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 1464# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 1465# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 1466# in Melbourne, Australia. 1467# 1468# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 1469# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 1470# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 1471# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 1472# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 1473# expected time. 1474# 1475# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 1476# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 1477# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 1478# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 1479# 1480# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 1481# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 1482 1483# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1484# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1485 1486# New South Wales 1487 1488# From Arthur David Olson: 1489# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 1490# Based on law library research by John Mackin, 1491# who notes: 1492# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 1493# individual states. Thus, while such terms as "Eastern Standard Time" 1494# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 1495# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 1496# legislation. This is very important to understand. 1497# I have researched New South Wales time only... 1498 1499# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 1500# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 1501# October in 2000. See: Matthew Moore, 1502# Two months more daylight saving, Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26). 1503# http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html 1504 1505# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 1506# See the following official NSW source: 1507# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 1508# http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ 1509# 1510# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 1511# daylight saving next year. See: 1512# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 1513# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm 1514# (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 1515# 1516# Victoria will follow NSW. See: 1517# Vic to extend daylight saving (1999-07-28) 1518# http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm 1519# 1520# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 1521# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request (1999-07-19) 1522# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm 1523# 1524# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 1525# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 1526# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm 1527# (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 1528# "Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 1529# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 1530# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 1531# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 1532# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules." 1533# 1534# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 1535# Broken Hill to be behind the times (1999-07-21) 1536# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm 1537 1538# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 1539# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 1540# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 1541 1542# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 1543# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 1544# towns to use Queensland time. 1545 1546# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1547# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1548 1549# Yancowinna 1550 1551# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 1552# 'Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 1553 1554# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1555# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 1556# # [ Dec 1990 ] 1557# ... 1558# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 1559# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 1560# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 1561# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 1562# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 1563# # presently available. 1564# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 1565# ... 1566# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1567# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 1568# [followed by other Rules] 1569 1570# Lord Howe Island 1571 1572# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1573# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 1574# [ Dec 1990 ] 1575# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 1576# hour ahead of NSW time. 1577 1578# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 1579# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 1580# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 1581# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 1582# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 1583# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1584# instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents 1585# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 1586# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 1587# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 1588 1589# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 1590# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 1591# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 1592# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 1593# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 1594# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 1595 1596# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1597# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1598# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 1599 1600# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1601# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1602 1603# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): 1604# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight 1605# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 1606# summer (southern hemisphere). 1607# 1608# From 1609# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf 1610# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling 1611# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. 1612# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each 1613# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. 1614# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia 1615# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and 1616# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... 1617# 1618# We have a wrap-up here: 1619# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html 1620############################################################################### 1621 1622# New Zealand 1623 1624# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 1625# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 1626# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 1627# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 1628# source - phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 1629 1630# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1631# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 1632# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1633# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 1634# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1635# ... 1636# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1637# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1638# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1639# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 1640# ... 1641# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 1642# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 1643 1644# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1645# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 1646# rather than the October 1 value. 1647 1648# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1649# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1650# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 1651# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 1652# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 1653# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 1654# 1655# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1656# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1657# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.html for the full references. 1658# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1659# 1660# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1661# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1662# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 1663 1664# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1665# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1666# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1667# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1668# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1669 1670# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-14): 1671# Chatham Island time was formally standardized on 1957-01-01 by 1672# New Zealand's Standard Time Amendment Act 1956 (1956-10-26). 1673# https://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/legis/hist_act/staa19561956n100244.pdf 1674# According to Google Books snippet view, a speaker in the New Zealand 1675# parliamentary debates in 1956 said "Clause 78 makes provision for standard 1676# time in the Chatham Islands. The time there is 45 minutes in advance of New 1677# Zealand time. I understand that is the time they keep locally, anyhow." 1678# For now, assume this practice goes back to the introduction of standard time 1679# in New Zealand, as this would make Chatham Islands time almost exactly match 1680# LMT back when New Zealand was at UT +11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did 1681# not observe New Zealand's prewar DST. 1682 1683############################################################################### 1684 1685 1686# Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands and Marcus Island (Minami-Tori-shima) 1687 1688# From Wakaba (2019-01-28) via Phake Nick: 1689# National Diet Library of Japan has several reports by Japanese Government 1690# officers that describe the time used in islands when they visited there. 1691# According to them (and other sources such as newspapers), standard time UTC 1692# + 10 (JST + 1) and DST UTC + 11 (JST + 2) was used until its return to Japan 1693# at 1968-06-26 00:00 JST. The exact periods of DST are still unknown. 1694# I guessed Guam, Mariana, and Bonin and Marcus districts might have 1695# synchronized their DST periods, but reports imply they had their own 1696# decisions, i.e. there were three or more different time zones.... 1697# 1698# https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/小笠原諸島の標準時 1699 1700# From Phake Nick (2019-02-12): 1701# Because their last time change to return to Japanese time when they returned 1702# to Japanese rule was right before 1970, ... per the current tz database 1703# rule, the information doesn't warrant creation of a new timezone for Bonin 1704# Islands itself and is thus as an anecdotal note for interest purpose only. 1705# ... [The abovementioned link] described some special timekeeping phenomenon 1706# regarding Marcus island, another remote island currently owned by Japanese 1707# in the same administrative unit as Bonin Islands. Many reports claim that 1708# the American coastal guard on the American quarter of the island use its own 1709# coastal guard time, and most sources describe the time as UTC+11, being two 1710# hours faster than JST used by some Japanese personnel on the island. Some 1711# sites describe it as same as Wake Island/Guam time although it would be 1712# incorrect to be same as Guam. And then in a few Japanese governmental 1713# report from 1980s (from National Institute of Information and Communications 1714# Technology) regarding the construction of VLBI facility on the Marcus 1715# Island, it claimed that there are three time standards being used on the 1716# island at the time which include not just JST (UTC+9) or [US]CG time 1717# (UTC+11) but also a JMSDF time (UTC+10) (Japan Maritime Self-Defense 1718# Force). Unfortunately there are no other sources that mentioned such time 1719# and there are also no information on things like how the time was used. 1720 1721 1722# Fiji 1723 1724# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 1725# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 1726# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 1727 1728# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 1729# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 1730# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 1731# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 1732 1733# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 1734# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 1735 1736# From the BBC World Service in 1737# http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC): 1738# The Fijian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1739# improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also 1740# intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning 1741# of the new millennium. 1742 1743# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 1744# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 1745 1746 1747# Kiribati 1748 1749# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1750# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1751# "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995" 1752# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 1753 1754# From Kerry Shetline (2018-02-03): 1755# December 31 was the day that was skipped, so that the transition 1756# would be from Friday December 30, 1994 to Sunday January 1, 1995. 1757# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-04): 1758# One source for this is page 202 of: Bartky IR. One Time Fits All: 1759# The Campaigns for Global Uniformity (2007). 1760 1761# Kanton 1762 1763# From Paul Eggert (2021-05-27): 1764# Kiribati's +13 timezone is represented by Kanton, its only populated 1765# island. (It was formerly spelled "Canton", but Gilbertese lacks "C".) 1766# Kanton was settled on 1937-08-31 by two British radio operators 1767# <https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1937v02/d94>; 1768# Americans came the next year and built an airfield, partly to 1769# establish airline service and perhaps partly anticipating the 1770# next war. Aside from the war, the airfield was used by commercial 1771# airlines until long-range jets became standard; although currently 1772# for emergency use only, China says it is considering rebuilding the 1773# airfield for high-end niche tourism. Kanton has about two dozen 1774# people, caretakers who rotate in from the rest of Kiribati in 2-5 1775# year shifts, and who use some of the leftover structures 1776# <http://pipa.neaq.org/2012/06/images-of-kanton-island.html>. 1777 1778# Kwajalein 1779 1780# From an AP article (1993-08-22): 1781# "The nearly 3,000 Americans living on this remote Pacific atoll have a good 1782# excuse for not remembering Saturday night: there wasn't one. Residents were 1783# going to bed Friday night and waking up Sunday morning because at midnight 1784# -- 8 A.M. Eastern daylight time on Saturday -- Kwajalein was jumping from 1785# one side of the international date line to the other." 1786# "In Marshall Islands, Friday is followed by Sunday", NY Times. 1993-08-22. 1787# https://www.nytimes.com/1993/08/22/world/in-marshall-islands-friday-is-followed-by-sunday.html 1788 1789# From Paul Eggert (2022-03-31): 1790# Phake Nick (2018-10-27) noted <https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/南洋群島の標準時>'s 1791# citation of a 1993 AP article published in the New York Times saying 1792# Kwajalein synchronized its day with the US mainland about 40 years earlier. 1793# However the AP article is vague and possibly wrong about this. The article 1794# says the earlier switch was "about 40 years ago when the United States 1795# Army established a missile test range here". However, the Kwajalein Test 1796# Center was established on 1960-10-01 and was run by the US Navy. It was 1797# transferred to the US Army on 1964-07-01. See "Seize the High Ground" 1798# <https://history.army.mil/html/books/070/70-88-1/cmhPub_70-88-1.pdf>. 1799# Given that Shanks was right on the money about the 1993 change, I'm inclined 1800# to take Shanks's word for the 1969 change unless we find better evidence. 1801 1802 1803# N Mariana Is, Guam 1804 1805# From Phake Nick (2018-10-27): 1806# Guam Island was briefly annexed by Japan during ... year 1941-1944 ... 1807# however there are no detailed information about what time it use during that 1808# period. It would probably be reasonable to assume Guam use GMT+9 during 1809# that period of time like the surrounding area. 1810 1811# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): 1812# Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 1813# Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones 1814# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 1815# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 1816# see Asia/Manila. 1817# 1818# Use 1941-12-10 and 1944-07-31 for Guam WWII transitions, as the rough start 1819# and end of Japanese control of Agana. We don't know whether the Northern 1820# Marianas followed Guam's DST rules from 1959 through 1977; for now, assume 1821# they did as that avoids the need for a separate zone due to our 1970 cutoff. 1822# 1823# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UT +10 the official standard time, 1824# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 1825# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 1826# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 1827 1828# See also the commentary for Micronesia. 1829 1830 1831# Marshall Is 1832# See the commentary for Micronesia. 1833 1834 1835# Micronesia (and nearby) 1836 1837# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): 1838# Like the Ladrones (see Guam commentary), assume the Spanish East Indies 1839# kept American time until the Philippines switched at the end of 1844. 1840 1841# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 1842# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1843# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26) 1844# http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html 1845# that Truk and Yap are UT +10, and Ponape and Kosrae are +11. 1846# We don't know when Kosrae switched from +12; assume January 1 for now. 1847 1848# From Phake Nick (2018-10-27): 1849# 1850# From a Japanese wiki site https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/南洋群島の標準時 1851# ... 1852# For "Southern Islands" (modern region of Mariana + Palau + Federation of 1853# Micronesia + Marshall Islands): 1854# 1855# A 1906 Japanese magazine shown the Caroline Islands and Mariana Islands 1856# who was occupied by Germany at the time as GMT+10, together with the like 1857# of German New Guinea. However there is a marking saying it have not been 1858# implemented (yet). No further information after that were found. 1859# 1860# Japan invaded those islands in 1914, and records shows that they were 1861# instructed to use JST at the time. 1862# 1863# 1915 January telecommunication record on the Jaluit Atoll shows they use 1864# the meridian of 170E as standard time (GMT+11:20), which is similar to the 1865# longitude of the atoll. 1866# 1915 February record say the 170E standard time is to be used until 1867# February 9 noon, and after February 9 noon they are to use JST. 1868# However these are time used within the Japanese Military at the time and 1869# probably does not reflect the time used by local resident at the time (that 1870# is if they keep their own time back then) 1871# 1872# In January 1919 the occupying force issued a command that split the area 1873# into three different timezone with meridian of 135E, 150E, 165E (JST+0, +1, 1874# +2), and the command was to become effective from February 1 of the same 1875# year. Despite the target of the command is still only for the occupying 1876# force itself, further publication have described the time as the standard 1877# time for the occupied area and thus it can probably be seen as such. 1878# * Area that use meridian of 135E: Palau and Yap civil administration area 1879# (Southern Islands Western Standard Time) 1880# * Area that use meridian of 150E: Truk (Chuuk) and Saipan civil 1881# administration area (Southern Islands Central Standard Time) 1882# * Area that use meridian of 165E: Ponape (Pohnpei) and Jaluit civil 1883# administration area (Southern Islands Eastern Standard Time). 1884# * In the next few years Japanese occupation of those islands have been 1885# formalized via League of Nation Mandate (South Pacific Mandate) and formal 1886# governance structure have been established, these district [become 1887# subprefectures] and timezone classification have been inherited as standard 1888# time of the area. 1889# * Saipan subprefecture include Mariana islands (exclude Guam which was 1890# occupied by America at the time), Palau and Yap subprefecture rule the 1891# Western Caroline Islands with 137E longitude as border, Truk and Ponape 1892# subprefecture rule the Eastern Caroline Islands with 154E as border, Ponape 1893# subprefecture also rule part of Marshall Islands to the west of 164E 1894# starting from (1918?) and Jaluit subprefecture rule the rest of the 1895# Marshall Islands. 1896# 1897# And then in year 1937, an announcement was made to change the time in the 1898# area into 2 timezones: 1899# * Area that use meridian of 135E: area administered by Palau, Yap and 1900# Saipan subprefecture (Southern Islands Western Standard Time) 1901# * Area that use meridian of 150E: area administered by Truk (Chuuk), 1902# Ponape (Pohnpei) and Jaluit subprefecture (Southern Islands Eastern 1903# Standard Time) 1904# 1905# Another announcement issued in 1941 say that on April 1 that year, 1906# standard time of the Southern Islands would be changed to use the meridian 1907# of 135E (GMT+9), and thus abolishing timezone different within the area. 1908# 1909# Then Pacific theater of WWII started and Japan slowly lose control on the 1910# island. The webpage I linked above contain no information during this 1911# period of time.... 1912# 1913# After the end of WWII, in 1946 February, a document written by the 1914# (former?) Japanese military personnel describe there are 3 hours time 1915# different between Caroline islands time/Wake island time and the Chungking 1916# time, which would mean the time being used there at the time was GMT+10. 1917# 1918# After that, the area become Trust Territories of the Pacific Islands 1919# under American administration from year 1947. The site listed some 1920# American/International books/maps/publications about time used in those 1921# area during this period of time but they doesn't seems to be reliable 1922# information so it would be the best if someone know where can more reliable 1923# information can be found. 1924# 1925# 1926# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): 1927# 1928# For the above, use vague dates like "1914" and "1945" for transitions that 1929# plausibly exist but for which the details are not known. The information 1930# for Wake is too sketchy to act on. 1931# 1932# The 1906 GMT+10 info about German-controlled islands might not have been 1933# done, so omit it from the data for now. 1934# 1935# The Jaluit info governs Kwajalein. 1936 1937 1938# Midway 1939 1940# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1941# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1942# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1943# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1944# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1945# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1946# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1947# air at 6am your time. 1948# 1949# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1950# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1951# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1952# in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1953 1954# Nauru 1955 1956# From Phake Nick (2018-10-31): 1957# Currently, the tz database say Nauru use LMT until 1921, and then 1958# switched to GMT+11:30 for the next two decades. 1959# However, a number of timezone map published in America/Japan back then 1960# showed its timezone as GMT+11 per https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/ナウルの標準時 1961# And it would also be nice if the 1921 transition date could be sourced. 1962# ... 1963# The "Nauru Standard Time Act 1978 Time Change" 1964# http://ronlaw.gov.nr/nauru_lpms/files/gazettes/4b23a17d2030150404db7a5fa5872f52.pdf#page=3 1965# based on "Nauru Standard Time Act 1978 Time Change" 1966# http://www.paclii.org/nr/legis/num_act/nsta1978207/ defined that "Nauru 1967# Alternative Time" (GMT+12) should be in effect from 1979 Feb. 1968# 1969# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-19): 1970# The 1921-01-15 introduction of standard time is in Shanks; it is also in 1971# "Standard Time Throughout the World", US National Bureau of Standards (1935), 1972# page 3, which does not give the UT offset. In response to a comment by 1973# Phake Nick I set the Nauru time of occupation by Japan to 1974# 1942-08-29/1945-09-08 by using dates from: 1975# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Nauru 1976 1977# Norfolk 1978 1979# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2015-09-23): 1980# Norfolk Island will change ... from +1130 to +1100: 1981# https://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2015L01483/Explanatory%20Statement/Text 1982# ... at 12.30 am (by legal time in New South Wales) on 4 October 2015. 1983# http://www.norfolkisland.gov.nf/nia/MediaRelease/Media%20Release%20Norfolk%20Island%20Standard%20Time%20Change.pdf 1984 1985# From Paul Eggert (2019-08-28): 1986# Transitions before 2015 are from timeanddate.com, which consulted 1987# the Norfolk Island Museum and the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's 1988# Norfolk Island station, and found no record of Norfolk observing DST 1989# other than in 1974/5. See: 1990# https://www.timeanddate.com/time/australia/norfolk-island.html 1991# However, disagree with timeanddate about the 1975-03-02 transition; 1992# timeanddate has 02:00 but 02:00s corresponds to what the NSW law said 1993# (thanks to Michael Deckers). 1994 1995# Norfolk started observing Australian DST in spring 2019. 1996# From Kyle Czech (2019-08-13): 1997# https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2018L01702 1998# From Michael Deckers (2019-08-14): 1999# https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2019C00010 2000 2001# Palau 2002# See commentary for Micronesia. 2003 2004# Pitcairn 2005 2006# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 2007# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 2008# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 2009# 2010# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 2011# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 2012# as Pitcairn Standard Time. 2013# 2014# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 2015# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 2016# somehow in light of this proclamation. 2017 2018# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 2019# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 2020# ... at midnight. 2021 2022# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 2023# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 2024# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be ½ hour different from us here in 2025# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 2026 2027 2028# (Western) Samoa and American Samoa 2029 2030# Howse writes (p 153) that after the 1879 standardization on Antipodean 2031# time by the British governor of Fiji, the King of Samoa decided to change 2032# "the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 2033# ordaining - by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery - that 2034# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year." 2035# This happened in 1892, according to the Evening News (Sydney) of 1892-07-20. 2036# https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl.htm 2037 2038# Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UT -11:30 2039# in 1911, and to -11 in 1950. many earlier sources give -11 2040# for American Samoa, e.g., the US National Bureau of Standards 2041# circular "Standard Time Throughout the World", 1932. 2042# Assume American Samoa switched to -11 in 1911, not 1950, 2043# and that after 1950 they agreed until (western) Samoa skipped a 2044# day in 2011. Assume also that the Samoas follow the US and New 2045# Zealand's "ST"/"DT" style of daylight-saving abbreviations. 2046 2047 2048# Tonga 2049 2050# From Paul Eggert (2021-03-04): 2051# In 1943 "The standard time kept is 12 hrs. 19 min. 12 sec. fast 2052# on Greenwich mean time." according to the Admiralty's Hydrographic 2053# Dept., Pacific Islands Pilot, Vol. II, 7th ed., 1943, p 360. 2054 2055# From Michael Deckers (2021-03-03): 2056# [Ian R Bartky: "One Time Fits All: The Campaigns for Global Uniformity". 2057# Stanford University Press. 2007. p. 255]: 2058# On 10 September 1945 Tonga adopted a standard time 12 hours, 2059# 20 minutes in advance of Greenwich. 2060 2061# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 2062# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting 2063# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time." 2064# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 2065 2066# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 2067# How Tonga became 'The Land where Time Begins': 2068# http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm 2069# 2070# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 2071# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 2072# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 2073# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 2074# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13° 2075# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 2076# 2077# Because His Majesty King Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 2078# Tungī, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 2079# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 2080# 2081# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 2082# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 2083# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 2084# minutes we have lost?" 2085# 2086# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 2087# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 2088# to say your prayers in the morning." 2089# 2090# From Tim Parenti (2021-09-13), per Paul Eggert (2006-03-22) and Michael 2091# Deckers (2021-03-03): 2092# Mundell places the transition from +12:20 to +13 in 1941, while Shanks & 2093# Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01. 2094# 2095# The Air Almanac published contemporaneous tables of standard times, 2096# which listed +12:20 as of Nov 1960 and +13 as of Mar 1961: 2097# Nov 1960: https://books.google.com/books?id=bVgtWM6kPZUC&pg=SL1-PA19 2098# Mar 1961: https://books.google.com/books?id=W2nItAul4g0C&pg=SL1-PA19 2099# (Thanks to P Chan for pointing us toward these sources.) 2100# This agrees with Bartky, who writes that "since 1961 [Tonga's] official time 2101# has been thirteen hours in advance of Greenwich time" (p. 202) and further 2102# writes in an endnote that this was because "the legislation was amended" on 2103# 1960-10-19. (p. 255) 2104# 2105# Without greater specificity, presume that Bartky and the Air Almanac point to 2106# a 1961-01-01 transition, as Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV was still Crown Prince in 2107# 1961 and this still jives with the gist of Mundell's telling, and go with 2108# this over Shanks & Pottenger. 2109 2110# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 2111# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium 2112# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 2113# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 2114# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 2115# Government. 2116 2117# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 2118# * Tonga will introduce DST in November 2119# 2120# I was given this link by John Letts: 2121# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 2122# 2123# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 2124# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 2125# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 2126# (12 + 1 hour DST). 2127 2128# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 2129# According to <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html>: 2130# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 2131# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 2132# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 2133# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 2134# set back an hour on the closing date." 2135# Alas, no indication of the time of day. 2136 2137# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 2138# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 2139# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 2140 2141# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 2142# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 2143# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 2144# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 2145# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 2146# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 2147# (Original URL was <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm>) 2148 2149# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 2150# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 2151 2152# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 2153# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 2154# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 2155# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 2156# hour to 1:00am. 2157 2158# From Pulu ʻAnau (2002-11-05): 2159# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 2160 2161# From Pulu ʻAnau (2016-10-27): 2162# http://mic.gov.to/news-today/press-releases/6375-daylight-saving-set-to-run-from-6-november-2016-to-15-january-2017 2163# Cannot find anyone who knows the rules, has seen the duration or has seen 2164# the cabinet decision, but it appears we are following Fiji's rule set. 2165# 2166# From Tim Parenti (2016-10-26): 2167# Assume Tonga will observe DST from the first Sunday in November at 02:00 2168# through the third Sunday in January at 03:00, like Fiji, for now. 2169 2170# From David Wade (2017-10-18): 2171# In August government was dissolved by the King. The current prime minister 2172# continued in office in care taker mode. It is easy to see that few 2173# decisions will be made until elections 16th November. 2174# 2175# From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18): 2176# For now, guess that DST is discontinued. That's what the IATA is guessing. 2177 2178 2179############################################################################### 2180 2181# The International Date Line 2182 2183# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 2184# 2185# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 2186# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 2187# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 2188# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 2189# 2190# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 2191# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 2192# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 2193# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 2194# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 2195# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 2196# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 2197# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 2198# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 2199# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 2200# correct date is ambiguous. 2201 2202# From Wikipedia <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 2203# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 2204# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 2205# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 2206# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 2207# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 2208# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 2209# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 2210# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 2211# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 2212# entry into another zone time - he often chose midnight. These zones were 2213# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 2214# independent merchant ships until World War II. 2215 2216# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 2217# (2005-03-20): 2218# 2219# The American Practical Navigator (2002) 2220# http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187 2221# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 2222# international waters; it ignores the international date line. 2223