1# tzdb data for Australasia and environs, and for much of the Pacific 2 3# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 4# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 5 6# This file also includes Pacific islands. 7 8# Notes are at the end of this file 9 10############################################################################### 11 12# Australia 13 14# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 15 16# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 17Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 2:00s 1:00 D 18Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 19Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00s 1:00 D 20Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 21Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00s 1:00 D 22Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 23Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00s 1:00 D 24 25# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 26# Northern Territory 27Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 28 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 29 9:30 Aus AC%sT 30# Western Australia 31# 32# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 33Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 34Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 35Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 36Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 37Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 D 38Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 39Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 D 40Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 41Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 42Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 43 8:00 Aus AW%sT 1943 Jul 44 8:00 AW AW%sT 45Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 46 8:45 Aus +0845/+0945 1943 Jul 47 8:45 AW +0845/+0945 48 49# Queensland 50# 51# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 52# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 53# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 54# Queensland ceased to. 55# 56# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 57# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 58# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 59# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 60# so use Lindeman. 61# 62# From J William Piggott (2016-02-20): 63# There is no location named Holiday Islands in Queensland Australia; holiday 64# islands is a colloquial term used globally. Hayman and Lindeman are at the 65# north and south extremes of the Whitsunday Islands archipelago, and 66# Hamilton is in between; it is reasonable to believe that this time zone 67# applies to all of the Whitsundays. 68# http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/austn-islands 69# 70# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 71Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 72Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 73Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 74Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 75Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 76Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 77Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 78 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 79 10:00 AQ AE%sT 80Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 81 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 82 10:00 AQ AE%sT 1992 Jul 83 10:00 Holiday AE%sT 84 85# South Australia 86# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 87Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 88Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D 89Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 90Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S 91Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 92Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 93Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 S 94Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 S 95Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 S 96Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 S 97Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 98Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 S 99Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 100Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 101Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 102# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 103Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 104 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 105 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 106 9:30 AS AC%sT 107 108# Tasmania 109# 110# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 111# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml 112# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 113# 114# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 115Rule AT 1916 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 116Rule AT 1917 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 117Rule AT 1917 1918 - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 D 118Rule AT 1918 1919 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 119Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 120Rule AT 1968 only - Mar Sun>=29 2:00s 0 S 121Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 122Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 S 123Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 124Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 125Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 126Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 127Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D 128Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 129Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 D 130Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 131Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 132Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 133Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 134Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 135Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 136Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 137Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 138# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 139Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 140 10:00 AT AE%sT 1919 Oct 24 141 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 142 10:00 AT AE%sT 143 144# Victoria 145# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 146Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 147Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 148Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 149Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 150Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D 151Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 152Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 153Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 154Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 155Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 156Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 157Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 158Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 159Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 160# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 161Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 162 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 163 10:00 AV AE%sT 164 165# New South Wales 166# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 167Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 168Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S 169Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 170Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 171Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 172Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 173Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D 174Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 175Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 176Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 177Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 178Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 179Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 180Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 181Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 182Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 183# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 184Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 185 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 186 10:00 AN AE%sT 187Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 188 10:00 - AEST 1896 Aug 23 189 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 190 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 191 9:30 AN AC%sT 2000 192 9:30 AS AC%sT 193 194# Lord Howe Island 195# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 196Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 197Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 198Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 199Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 200Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - 201Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 202Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 203Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 204Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 205Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 206Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 207Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 208Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 209Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 - 210Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 211 10:00 - AEST 1981 Mar 212 10:30 LH +1030/+1130 1985 Jul 213 10:30 LH +1030/+11 214 215# Australian miscellany 216# 217# Ashmore Is, Cartier 218# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 219# no times are set 220# 221# Coral Sea Is 222# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 223# no times are set 224# 225# Macquarie 226# Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948; 227# sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the 228# Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island 229# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828 230# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831 231# Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010. 232# 233# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10): 234# We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: 235# - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not 236# switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do 237# on 4 April. 238# 239# From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23): 240# The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics 241# will produce a binary file with an [A]EST-type as the first 32-bit type; 242# this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by 243# pre-2013 versions of localtime. 244Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - -00 1899 Nov 245 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 246 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 247 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1919 Apr 1 0:00s 248 0 - -00 1948 Mar 25 249 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 250 10:00 AT AE%sT 2010 251 10:00 1:00 AEDT 2011 252 10:00 AT AE%sT 253 254# Christmas 255# See Asia/Bangkok. 256 257# Cocos (Keeling) Is 258# See Asia/Yangon. 259 260 261# Fiji 262 263# Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva. 264 265# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): 266# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST 267# from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. 268# 269# "Daylight savings to commence this month" 270# http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 271# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html 272 273# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): 274# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved 275# amendments: 276# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml 277 278# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): 279# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on 280# 2010-03-28 at 03:00. 281# The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March 282# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). 283# 284# Official source: 285# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 286# 287# A bit more background info here: 288# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html 289 290# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): 291# According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 292# weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... 293# Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, 294# Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: 295# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 296# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html 297 298# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03): 299# Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date 300# assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong). 301# 302# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 303# which says 304# Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in 305# advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to 306# 2am on February 26 next year. 307 308# From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24) 309# Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for 310# Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22. 311# 312# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 313# states: 314# 315# The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012 316# has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012. 317# The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start 318# on the 23rd of October, 2011. 319 320# From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen: 321# The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate 322# today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st 323# October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013. 324# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155 325 326# From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler: 327# Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 ... 328# move clocks forward by one hour from 2am 329# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx 330 331# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-01-10): 332# Fiji will end DST on 2014-01-19 02:00: 333# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS-TO-END-THIS-MONTH-%281%29.aspx 334 335# From Ken Rylander (2014-10-20): 336# DST will start Nov. 2 this year. 337# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-NOVEMBER-2ND.aspx 338 339# From a government order dated 2015-08-26 and published as Legal Notice No. 77 340# in the Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 24 (2015-08-28), 341# via Ken Rylander (2015-09-02): 342# the daylight saving period is 1 hour in advance of the standard time 343# commencing at 2.00 am on Sunday 1st November, 2015 and ending at 344# 3.00 am on Sunday 17th January, 2016. 345 346# From Raymond Kumar (2016-10-04): 347# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-6th-NOVEMBER,-2016.aspx 348# "Fiji's daylight savings will begin on Sunday, 6 November 2016, when 349# clocks go forward an hour at 2am to 3am.... Daylight Saving will 350# end at 3.00am on Sunday 15th January 2017." 351 352# From Paul Eggert (2017-08-21): 353# Dominic Fok writes (2017-08-20) that DST ends 2018-01-14, citing 354# Extraordinary Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 21 (2017-08-27), 355# [Legal Notice No. 41] of an order of the previous day by J Usamate. 356 357# From Raymond Kumar (2018-07-13): 358# http://www.fijitimes.com/government-approves-2018-daylight-saving/ 359# ... The daylight saving period will end at 3am on Sunday January 13, 2019. 360 361# From Paul Eggert (2019-08-06): 362# Today Raymond Kumar reported the Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 27 363# (2019-08-02) said that Fiji observes DST "commencing at 2.00 am on 364# Sunday, 10 November 2019 and ending at 3.00 am on Sunday, 12 January 2020." 365# For now, guess DST from 02:00 the second Sunday in November to 03:00 366# the first Sunday on or after January 12. January transitions reportedly 367# depend on when school terms start. Although the guess is ad hoc, it matches 368# transitions planned this year and seems more likely to match future practice 369# than guessing no DST. 370# From Michael Deckers (2019-08-06): 371# https://www.laws.gov.fj/LawsAsMade/downloadfile/848 372 373# From Raymond Kumar (2020-10-08): 374# [DST in Fiji] is from December 20th 2020, till 17th January 2021. 375# From Alan Mintz (2020-10-08): 376# https://www.laws.gov.fj/LawsAsMade/GetFile/1071 377# From Tim Parenti (2020-10-08): 378# https://www.fijivillage.com/news/Daylight-saving-from-Dec-20th-this-year-to-Jan-17th-2021-8rf4x5/ 379# "Minister for Employment, Parveen Bala says they had never thought of 380# stopping daylight saving. He says it was just to decide on when it should 381# start and end. Bala says it is a short period..." 382# 383# From Tim Parenti (2021-10-11), per Jashneel Kumar (2021-10-11) and P Chan 384# (2021-10-12): 385# https://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Centre/Speeches/English/PM-BAINIMARAMA-S-COVID-19-ANNOUNCEMENT-10-10-21 386# https://www.fbcnews.com.fj/news/covid-19/curfew-moved-back-to-11pm/ 387# In a 2021-10-10 speech concerning updated Covid-19 mitigation measures in 388# Fiji, prime minister Josaia Voreqe "Frank" Bainimarama announced the 389# suspension of DST for the 2021/2022 season: "Given that we are in the process 390# of readjusting in the midst of so many changes, we will also put Daylight 391# Savings Time on hold for this year. It will also make the reopening of 392# scheduled commercial air service much smoother if we don't have to be 393# concerned shifting arrival and departure times, which may look like a simple 394# thing but requires some significant logistical adjustments domestically and 395# internationally." 396# Assume for now that DST will resume with the recent pre-2020 rules for the 397# 2022/2023 season. 398 399# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 400Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - 401Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 402Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 - 403Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - 404Rule Fiji 2010 2013 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 - 405Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 406Rule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 - 407Rule Fiji 2014 only - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 - 408Rule Fiji 2014 2018 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - 409Rule Fiji 2015 2021 - Jan Sun>=12 3:00 0 - 410Rule Fiji 2019 only - Nov Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 - 411Rule Fiji 2020 only - Dec 20 2:00 1:00 - 412Rule Fiji 2022 max - Nov Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 - 413Rule Fiji 2023 max - Jan Sun>=12 3:00 0 - 414# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 415Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 416 12:00 Fiji +12/+13 417 418# French Polynesia 419# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 420Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 421 -9:00 - -09 422Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 423 -9:30 - -0930 424Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 425 -10:00 - -10 426# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 427# it is uninhabited. 428 429# Guam 430 431# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 432# http://guamlegislature.com/Public_Laws_5th/PL05-025.pdf 433# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-59-7-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time-May-6-1959.pdf 434Rule Guam 1959 only - Jun 27 2:00 1:00 D 435# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-61-5-Revocation-of-Daylight-Saving-Time-and-Restoratio.pdf 436Rule Guam 1961 only - Jan 29 2:00 0 S 437# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-67-13-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf 438Rule Guam 1967 only - Sep 1 2:00 1:00 D 439# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-69-2-Repeal-of-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf 440Rule Guam 1969 only - Jan 26 0:01 0 S 441# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-69-10-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf 442Rule Guam 1969 only - Jun 22 2:00 1:00 D 443Rule Guam 1969 only - Aug 31 2:00 0 S 444# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-70-10-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf 445# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-70-30-End-of-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf 446# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-71-5-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf 447Rule Guam 1970 1971 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 448Rule Guam 1970 1971 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 449# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-73-28.-Guam-Day-light-Saving-Time.pdf 450Rule Guam 1973 only - Dec 16 2:00 1:00 D 451# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-74-7-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time-Rescinded.pdf 452Rule Guam 1974 only - Feb 24 2:00 0 S 453# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-76-13-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf 454Rule Guam 1976 only - May 26 2:00 1:00 D 455# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-76-25-Revocation-of-E.O.-76-13.pdf 456Rule Guam 1976 only - Aug 22 2:01 0 S 457# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-77-4-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf 458Rule Guam 1977 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 D 459# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-77-18-Guam-Standard-Time.pdf 460Rule Guam 1977 only - Aug 28 2:00 0 S 461 462# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 463Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 464 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 465 10:00 - GST 1941 Dec 10 # Guam 466 9:00 - +09 1944 Jul 31 467 10:00 Guam G%sT 2000 Dec 23 468 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 469Link Pacific/Guam Pacific/Saipan # N Mariana Is 470 471# Kiribati 472# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 473Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 474 12:00 - +12 475Link Pacific/Tarawa Pacific/Funafuti 476Link Pacific/Tarawa Pacific/Majuro 477Link Pacific/Tarawa Pacific/Wake 478Link Pacific/Tarawa Pacific/Wallis 479 480Zone Pacific/Kanton 0 - -00 1937 Aug 31 481 -12:00 - -12 1979 Oct 482 -11:00 - -11 1994 Dec 31 483 13:00 - +13 484Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 485 -10:40 - -1040 1979 Oct 486 -10:00 - -10 1994 Dec 31 487 14:00 - +14 488 489# N Mariana Is 490# See Pacific/Guam. 491 492# Marshall Is 493# See Pacific/Tarawa for most locations. 494# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 495Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 496 11:00 - +11 1937 497 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 498 9:00 - +09 1944 Feb 6 499 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct 500 -12:00 - -12 1993 Aug 20 24:00 501 12:00 - +12 502 503# Micronesia 504# For Chuuk and Yap see Pacific/Port_Moresby. 505# For Pohnpei see Pacific/Guadalcanal. 506# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 507Zone Pacific/Kosrae -13:08:04 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 508 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 509 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct 510 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1 511 11:00 - +11 1937 512 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 513 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 514 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct 515 12:00 - +12 1999 516 11:00 - +11 517 518# Nauru 519# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 520Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 521 11:30 - +1130 1942 Aug 29 522 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 8 523 11:30 - +1130 1979 Feb 10 2:00 524 12:00 - +12 525 526# New Caledonia 527# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 528Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 - 529Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 530Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 - 531# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 532Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 533# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 534Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Nouméa 535 11:00 NC +11/+12 536 537 538############################################################################### 539 540# New Zealand 541 542# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 543Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 544Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 545Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 546Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 547Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 548Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 549Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 550# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but until 2018a 551# there was no documented single notation for the date and time of this 552# transition. Duplicate the Rule lines for now, to give the 2018a change 553# time to percolate out. 554Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 555Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 - 556Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 557Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 - 558Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 559Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 - 560Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 561Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 - 562Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 563Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 - 564Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 565Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 - 566Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 567Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 - 568Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 569Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 - 570Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 571Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 - 572# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 573Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 574 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 575 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 576Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo 577 578Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 579 12:15 - +1215 1946 Jan 1 580 12:45 Chatham +1245/+1345 581 582# Auckland Is 583# uninhabited; Māori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 584# and scientific personnel have wintered 585 586# Campbell I 587# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 588# scientific station operated 1941/1995; 589# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 590# was probably like Pacific/Auckland 591 592# Cook Is 593# 594# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2021-03-24): 595# In 1899 the Cook Islands celebrated Christmas twice to correct the calendar. 596# According to the old books, missionaries were unaware of 597# the International Date line, when they came from Sydney. 598# Thus the Cook Islands were one day ahead.... 599# http://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-KloDisc-t1-body-d18.html 600# ... Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1900 601# https://atojs.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/atojs?a=d&d=AJHR1900-I.2.1.2.3 602# (page 20) 603# 604# From Michael Deckers (2021-03-24): 605# ... in the Cook Island Act of 1915-10-11, online at 606# http://www.paclii.org/ck/legis/ck-nz_act/cia1915132/ 607# "651. The hour of the day shall in each of the islands included in the 608# Cook Islands be determined in accordance with the meridian of that island." 609# so that local (mean?) time was still used in Rarotonga (and Niue) in 1915. 610# This was changed in the Cook Island Amendment Act of 1952-10-16 ... 611# http://www.paclii.org/ck/legis/ck-nz_act/ciaa1952212/ 612# "651 (1) The hour of the day in each of the islands included in the Cook 613# Islands, other than Niue, shall be determined as if each island were 614# situated on the meridian one hundred and fifty-seven degrees thirty minutes 615# West of Greenwich. (2) The hour of the day in the Island of Niue shall be 616# determined as if that island were situated on the meridian one hundred and 617# seventy degrees West of Greenwich." 618# This act does not state when it takes effect, so one has to assume it 619# applies since 1952-10-16. But there is the possibility that the act just 620# legalized prior existing practice, as we had seen with the Guernsey law of 621# 1913-06-18 for the switch in 1909-04-19. 622# 623# From Paul Eggert (2021-03-24): 624# Transitions after 1952 are from Shanks & Pottenger. 625# 626# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 627Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 - 628Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 629Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 - 630# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 631Zone Pacific/Rarotonga 13:20:56 - LMT 1899 Dec 26 # Avarua 632 -10:39:04 - LMT 1952 Oct 16 633 -10:30 - -1030 1978 Nov 12 634 -10:00 Cook -10/-0930 635 636############################################################################### 637 638 639# Niue 640# See Pacific/Rarotonga comments for 1952 transition. 641# 642# From Tim Parenti (2021-09-13): 643# Consecutive contemporaneous editions of The Air Almanac listed -11:20 for 644# Niue as of Apr 1964 but -11 as of Aug 1964: 645# Apr 1964: https://books.google.com/books?id=_1So677Y5vUC&pg=SL1-PA23 646# Aug 1964: https://books.google.com/books?id=MbJloqd-zyUC&pg=SL1-PA23 647# Without greater specificity, guess 1964-07-01 for this transition. 648 649# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 650Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1952 Oct 16 # Alofi 651 -11:20 - -1120 1964 Jul 652 -11:00 - -11 653 654# Norfolk 655# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 656Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 657 11:12 - +1112 1951 658 11:30 - +1130 1974 Oct 27 02:00s 659 11:30 1:00 +1230 1975 Mar 2 02:00s 660 11:30 - +1130 2015 Oct 4 02:00s 661 11:00 - +11 2019 Jul 662 11:00 AN +11/+12 663 664# Palau (Belau) 665# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 666Zone Pacific/Palau -15:02:04 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 # Koror 667 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 668 9:00 - +09 669 670# Papua New Guinea 671# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 672Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 673 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 674 10:00 - +10 675Link Pacific/Port_Moresby Antarctica/DumontDUrville 676Link Pacific/Port_Moresby Pacific/Chuuk 677# 678# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13): 679# Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have 680# the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War. 681# 682# Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for UT +09, these dates 683# are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns. 684# The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta. 685# The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942, 686# according to the Pacific War Online Encyclopedia 687# https://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm 688# and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender. 689# 690# The Autonomous Region of Bougainville switched from UT +10 to +11 691# on 2014-12-28 at 02:00. They call +11 "Bougainville Standard Time". 692# See: 693# http://www.bougainville24.com/bougainville-issues/bougainville-gets-own-timezone/ 694# 695Zone Pacific/Bougainville 10:22:16 - LMT 1880 696 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 697 10:00 - +10 1942 Jul 698 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 21 699 10:00 - +10 2014 Dec 28 2:00 700 11:00 - +11 701 702# Pitcairn 703# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 704Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 705 -8:30 - -0830 1998 Apr 27 0:00 706 -8:00 - -08 707 708# American Samoa 709Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1892 Jul 5 710 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 711 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 712Link Pacific/Pago_Pago Pacific/Midway # in US minor outlying islands 713 714# Samoa (formerly and also known as Western Samoa) 715 716# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): 717# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received 718# the following info: 719# 720# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year 721# commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first 722# Sunday of April 2011." 723# 724# Background info: 725# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html 726# 727# Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not 728# contain any dates: 729# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf 730 731# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): 732# Please see 733# http://www.mcil.gov.ws 734# the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday 735# September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight 736# to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks 737# backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" 738 739# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07): 740# [http://www.mcil.gov.ws/ftcd/daylight_saving_2011.pdf] 741# 742# ... when the standard time strikes the hour of four o'clock (4.00am 743# or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, then all instruments used to 744# measure standard time are to be adjusted/changed to three o'clock 745# (3:00am or 0300Hrs). 746 747# From David Zülke (2011-05-09): 748# Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line 749# 750# http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963 751 752# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-27): 753# The International Date Line Act 2011 754# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/images/ACTS/International_Date_Line_Act__2011_-_Eng.pdf 755# changed Samoa from UT -11 to +13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on 756# Thursday 29th December 2011". The International Date Line was adjusted 757# accordingly. 758 759# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02): 760# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 761# 762# here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change 763# 764# DST 765# Year End Time Start Time 766# 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am 767# 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - - 768# 769# Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011 770# Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours 771# Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours 772# 773# From Nicholas Pereira (2012-09-10): 774# Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and 775# ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013.... 776# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 777# 778# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08): 779# That web page currently lists transitions for 2012/3 and 2013/4. 780# Assume the pattern instituted in 2012 will continue indefinitely. 781# 782# From Geoffrey D. Bennett (2021-09-20): 783# https://www.mcil.gov.ws/storage/2021/09/MCIL-Scan_20210920_120553.pdf 784# DST has been cancelled for this year. 785 786# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 787Rule WS 2010 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1 - 788Rule WS 2011 only - Apr Sat>=1 4:00 0 - 789Rule WS 2011 only - Sep lastSat 3:00 1 - 790Rule WS 2012 2021 - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 - 791Rule WS 2012 2020 - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 - 792# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 793Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1892 Jul 5 794 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 795 -11:30 - -1130 1950 796 -11:00 WS -11/-10 2011 Dec 29 24:00 797 13:00 WS +13/+14 798 799# Solomon Is 800# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 801# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 802Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 803 11:00 - +11 804Link Pacific/Guadalcanal Pacific/Pohnpei 805 806# Tokelau 807# 808# From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29) 809# A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping 810# December 31 this year ... 811# 812# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25) 813# ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking 814# about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13.... 815# Shanks says UT-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change 816# actually was to UT-11 back then. 817# 818# From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25) 819# A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of 820# Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948, 821# <https://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau 822# was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger 823# are off by an hour starting in 1901. 824 825# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 826Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 827 -11:00 - -11 2011 Dec 30 828 13:00 - +13 829 830# Tonga 831# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 832Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 - 833Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 834Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - 835Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 836Rule Tonga 2016 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - 837Rule Tonga 2017 only - Jan Sun>=15 3:00 0 - 838# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 839Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:12 - LMT 1945 Sep 10 840 12:20 - +1220 1961 841 13:00 - +13 1999 842 13:00 Tonga +13/+14 843 844# Tuvalu 845# See Pacific/Tarawa. 846 847 848# US minor outlying islands 849 850# Howland, Baker 851# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British 852# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. 853# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; 854# uninhabited thereafter. 855# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT -10:30) in 1937; 856# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, 857# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). 858# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 859# until they were abandoned after the war. 860 861# Jarvis 862# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. 863# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; 864# uninhabited thereafter. 865# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 866 867# Johnston 868# 869# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10): 870# Sometimes Johnston kept Hawaii time, and sometimes it was an hour behind. 871# Details are uncertain. We have no data for Johnston after 1970, so 872# treat it like Hawaii for now. Since Johnston is now uninhabited, 873# its link to Pacific/Honolulu is in the 'backward' file. 874# 875# In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945 876# <http://www.315bw.org/Herb_Bach.htm> (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes, 877# "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM 878# Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time." This was in June 1945, and 879# confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945. 880# 881# From Lyle McElhaney (2014-03-11): 882# [W]hen JI was being used for that [atomic bomb] testing, the time being used 883# was not Hawaiian time but rather the same time being used on the ships, 884# which had a GMT offset of -11 hours. This apparently applied to at least the 885# time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last 886# Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin, 887# "The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the 888# Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976. 889# https://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf 890# See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a 891# footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time 892# Minus One Hour". 893 894# Kingman 895# uninhabited 896 897# Midway 898# See Pacific/Pago_Pago. 899 900# Palmyra 901# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 902 903# Wake 904# See Pacific/Tarawa. 905 906 907# Vanuatu 908 909# From P Chan (2020-11-27): 910# Joint Daylight Saving Regulation No 59 of 1973 911# New Hebrides Condominium Gazette No 336. December 1973 912# http://www.paclii.org/vu/other/VUNHGovGaz//1973/11.pdf#page=15 913# 914# Joint Daylight Saving (Repeal) Regulation No 10 of 1974 915# New Hebrides Condominium Gazette No 336. March 1974 916# http://www.paclii.org/vu/other/VUNHGovGaz//1974/3.pdf#page=11 917# 918# Summer Time Act No. 35 of 1982 [commenced 1983-09-01] 919# http://www.paclii.org/vu/other/VUGovGaz/1982/32.pdf#page=48 920# 921# Summer Time Act (Cap 157) 922# Laws of the Republic of Vanuatu Revised Edition 1988 923# http://www.paclii.org/cgi-bin/sinodisp/vu/legis/consol_act1988/sta147/sta147.html 924# 925# Summer Time (Amendment) Act No. 6 of 1991 [commenced 1991-11-11] 926# http://www.paclii.org/vu/legis/num_act/sta1991227/ 927# 928# Summer Time (Repeal) Act No. 4 of 1993 [commenced 1993-05-03] 929# http://www.paclii.org/vu/other/VUGovGaz/1993/15.pdf#page=59 930 931# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 932Rule Vanuatu 1973 only - Dec 22 12:00u 1:00 - 933Rule Vanuatu 1974 only - Mar 30 12:00u 0 - 934Rule Vanuatu 1983 1991 - Sep Sat>=22 24:00 1:00 - 935Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sat>=22 24:00 0 - 936Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sat>=22 24:00 0 - 937Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sat>=22 24:00 1:00 - 938# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 939Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 940 11:00 Vanuatu +11/+12 941 942# Wallis and Futuna 943# See Pacific/Tarawa. 944 945############################################################################### 946 947# NOTES 948 949# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 950# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 951# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 952# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 953 954# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): 955# 956# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 957# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 958# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 959# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 960# 961# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source 962# for time zone data was the International Air Transport 963# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 964# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 965# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 966# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 967# 968# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 969# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 970# I found in the UCLA library. 971# 972# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 973# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 974# https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 975# 976# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 977# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 978# 979# I invented the abbreviation marked "*". 980# The following abbreviations are from other sources. 981# Corrections are welcome! 982# std dst 983# LMT Local Mean Time 984# 8:00 AWST AWDT Western Australia 985# 9:30 ACST ACDT Central Australia 986# 10:00 AEST AEDT Eastern Australia 987# 10:00 GST GDT* Guam through 2000 988# 10:00 ChST Chamorro 989# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 990# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 991# -11:00 SST Samoa 992# -10:00 HST Hawaii 993# 994# See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii. 995# See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galápagos Is. 996 997############################################################################### 998 999# Australia 1000 1001# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 1002# Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting 1003# region against region, rural against urban, and local against global. 1004# For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving 1005# Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native 1006# Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was 1007# very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a 1008# Melbourne-based study) replete with the usual chuckleheaded 1009# Queenslanders and straw-chewing yokels from the West prattling fables 1010# about fading curtains and crazed farm animals." 1011# Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History (1997-03-03) 1012# http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/reviews/davison.htm 1013 1014# From P Chan (2020-11-20): 1015# Daylight Saving Act 1916 (No. 40 of 1916) [1916-12-21, commenced 1917-01-01] 1016# http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/num_act/dsa1916401916192/ 1017# 1018# Daylight Saving Repeal Act 1917 (No. 35 of 1917) [1917-09-25] 1019# http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/num_act/dsra1917351917243/ 1020# 1021# Statutory Rules 1941, No. 323 [1941-12-24] 1022# https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C1941L00323 1023# 1024# Statutory Rules 1942, No. 392 [1942-09-10] 1025# https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C1942L00392 1026# 1027# Statutory Rules 1943, No. 241 [1943-09-29] 1028# https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C1943L00241 1029# 1030# All transition times should be 02:00 standard time. 1031 1032 1033# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 1034# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 1035# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml 1036# summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 1037 1038# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 1039# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 1040# http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving 1041# covers New South Wales in particular. 1042 1043# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 1044# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as 'daylight' time. 1045# It is called 'summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, 'summer' 1046# and 'standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 1047# abbreviation does _not_ change... 1048# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 1049# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 1050# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 1051# the phrase 'summer time' and does not use the phrase 'daylight 1052# time'. 1053# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 1054# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases 'Eastern Standard Time' 1055# or 'Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 1056# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 1057# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 1058# prefixed by the word 'Australian' when referring to local times; 1059# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 1060 1061# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 1062# 1063# Inspired by Mackin's remarks quoted above, earlier versions of this 1064# file used "EST" for both Eastern Standard Time and Eastern Summer 1065# Time in Australia, and similarly for "CST", "CWST", and "WST". 1066# However, these abbreviations were confusing and were not common 1067# practice among Australians, and there were justifiable complaints 1068# about them, so I attempted to survey current Australian usage. 1069# For the tz database, the full English phrase is not that important; 1070# what matters is the abbreviation. It's difficult to survey the web 1071# directly for abbreviation usage, as there are so many false hits for 1072# strings like "EST" and "EDT", so I looked for pages that defined an 1073# abbreviation for eastern or central DST in Australia, and got the 1074# following numbers of unique hits for the listed Google queries: 1075# 1076# 10 "Eastern Daylight Time AEST" site:au [some are false hits] 1077# 10 "Eastern Summer Time AEST" site:au 1078# 10 "Summer Time AEDT" site:au 1079# 13 "EDST Eastern Daylight Saving Time" site:au 1080# 18 "Summer Time ESST" site:au 1081# 28 "Eastern Daylight Saving Time EDST" site:au 1082# 39 "EDT Eastern Daylight Time" site:au [some are false hits] 1083# 53 "Eastern Daylight Time EDT" site:au [some are false hits] 1084# 54 "AEDT Australian Eastern Daylight Time" site:au 1085# 182 "Eastern Daylight Time AEDT" site:au 1086# 1087# 17 "Central Daylight Time CDT" site:au [some are false hits] 1088# 46 "Central Daylight Time ACDT" site:au 1089# 1090# I tried several other variants (e.g., "Eastern Summer Time EST") but 1091# they all returned fewer than 10 unique hits. I also looked for pages 1092# mentioning both "western standard time" and an abbreviation, since 1093# there is no WST in the US to generate false hits, and found: 1094# 1095# 156 "western standard time" AWST site:au 1096# 226 "western standard time" WST site:au 1097# 1098# I then surveyed the top ten newspapers in Australia by circulation as 1099# listed in Wikipedia, using Google queries like "AEDT site:heraldsun.com.au" 1100# and obtaining estimated counts from the initial page of search results. 1101# All ten papers greatly preferred "AEDT" to "EDT". The papers 1102# surveyed were the Herald Sun, The Daily Telegraph, The Courier-Mail, 1103# The Sydney Morning Herald, The West Australian, The Age, The Advertiser, 1104# The Australian, The Financial Review, and The Herald (Newcastle). 1105# 1106# I also searched for historical usage, to see whether abbreviations 1107# like "AEDT" are new. A Trove search <http://trove.nla.gov.au/> 1108# found only one newspaper (The Canberra Times) with a house style 1109# dating back to the 1970s, I expect because other newspapers weren't 1110# fully indexed. The Canberra Times strongly preferred abbreviations 1111# like "AEDT". The first occurrence of "AEDT" was a World Weather 1112# column (1971-11-17, page 24), and of "ACDT" was a Scoreboard column 1113# (1993-01-24, p 16). The style was the typical usage but was not 1114# strictly enforced; for example, "Welcome to the twilight zones ..." 1115# (1994-10-29, p 1) uses the abbreviations AEST/AEDT, CST/CDT, and 1116# WST, and goes on to say, "The confusion and frustration some feel 1117# about the lack of uniformity among Australia's six states and two 1118# territories has prompted one group to form its very own political 1119# party -- the Sydney-based Daylight Saving Extension Party." 1120# 1121# I also surveyed federal government sources. They did not agree: 1122# 1123# The Australian Government (2014-03-26) 1124# http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/time 1125# (This document was produced by the Department of Finance.) 1126# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT 1127# 1128# Bureau of Meteorology (2012-11-08) 1129# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml 1130# EST CST WST EDT CDT 1131# 1132# Civil Aviation Safety Authority (undated) 1133# http://services.casa.gov.au/outnback/inc/pages/episode3/episode-3_time_zones.shtml 1134# EST CST WST (no abbreviations given for DST) 1135# 1136# Geoscience Australia (2011-11-24) 1137# http://www.ga.gov.au/geodesy/astro/sunrise.jsp 1138# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT 1139# 1140# Parliamentary Library (2008-11-10) 1141# https://www.aph.gov.au/binaries/library/pubs/rp/2008-09/09rp14.pdf 1142# EST CST WST preferred for standard time; AEST AEDT ACST ACDT also used 1143# 1144# The Transport Safety Bureau has an extensive series of accident reports, 1145# and investigators seem to use whatever abbreviation they like. 1146# Googling site:atsb.gov.au found the following number of unique hits: 1147# 311 "ESuT", 195 "EDT", 26 "AEDT", 83 "CSuT", 46 "CDT". 1148# "_SuT" tended to appear in older reports, and "A_DT" tended to 1149# appear in reports of events with international implications. 1150# 1151# From the above it appears that there is a working consensus in 1152# Australia to use trailing "DT" for daylight saving time; although 1153# some sources use trailing "SST" or "ST" or "SuT" they are by far in 1154# the minority. The case for leading "A" is weaker, but since it 1155# seems to be preferred in the overall web and is preferred in all 1156# the leading newspaper websites and in many government departments, 1157# it has a stronger case than omitting the leading "A". The current 1158# version of the database therefore uses abbreviations like "AEST" and 1159# "AEDT" for Australian time zones. 1160 1161# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 1162# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1163# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 1164# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 1165# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 1166# and perhaps the newspaper's '2:00' is referring to standard time. 1167# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 1168 1169# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 1170# 1171# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 1172# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 1173# relevant entries in this database. 1174# 1175# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 1176# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 1177# https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html 1178# ACT 1179# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 1180# https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html 1181# SA 1182# Standard Time Act, 1898 1183# https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html 1184 1185# From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 1186# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 1187# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 1188# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 1189# in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 1190# 1191# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 1192# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 1193# to extend DST together in 2006. 1194# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 1195# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 1196# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 1197# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 1198# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 1199# allude to it. 1200# But not Queensland 1201# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html 1202 1203# Northern Territory 1204 1205# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1206# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 1207# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1208# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 1209# ... 1210# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 1211 1212# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1213# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1214# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 1215 1216# Western Australia 1217 1218# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1219# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 1220# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1221# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 1222# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 1223# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 1224# # before reaching parliament. 1225# ... 1226# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 1227# ... 1228# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1229# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1230# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1231# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1232 1233# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1234# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1235# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 1236 1237# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 1238# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 1239# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 1240# work at 9.00am.) 1241# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 1242# everybody again. 1243 1244# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1245# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 1246# it matches what was used in the past. 1247 1248# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 1249# http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm 1250# (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 1251# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 1252 1253# From Paul Eggert (2018-04-01): 1254# The Guardian Express of Perth, Australia reported today that the 1255# government decided to advance the clocks permanently on January 1, 1256# 2019, from UT +08 to UT +09. The article noted that an exemption 1257# would be made for people aged 61 and over, who "can apply in writing 1258# to have the extra hour of sunshine removed from their area." See: 1259# Daylight saving coming to WA in 2019. Guardian Express. 2018-04-01. 1260# https://www.communitynews.com.au/guardian-express/news/exclusive-daylight-savings-coming-wa-summer-2018/ 1261# [The article ends with "Today's date is April 1."] 1262 1263# Queensland 1264 1265# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-26): 1266# I lack access to the following source for Queensland DST: 1267# Pearce C. History of daylight saving time in Queensland. 1268# Queensland Hist J. 2017 Aug;23(6):389-403 1269# https://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=994682348436426;res=IELHSS 1270 1271# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1272# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 1273# # [ Dec 1990 ] 1274# ... 1275# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 1276# ... 1277# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1278# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 1279# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1280# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 1281 1282# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 1283# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 1284# October 1989). 1285 1286# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1287# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1288# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1289# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1290 1291# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 1292# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 1293# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 1294# me.) 1295 1296# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 1297# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 1298# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 1299# ... 1300# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1301# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1302# ... 1303 1304# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1305# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 1306 1307# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 1308# from Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 1309# WA are trialing DST for three years. 1310# http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf 1311 1312# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 1313# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 1314# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 1315# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 1316# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 1317# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 1318# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 1319# Australia and Western Australia.... 1320# 1321# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 1322# This is confirmed by the section entitled 1323# "What's the deal with time zones???" in 1324# http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html 1325# 1326# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 1327# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 1328# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 1329# coast of the continent. 1330# 1331# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 1332# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 1333# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 1334# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 1335# the largest population centre in this zone.... 1336# 1337# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 1338# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 1339# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 1340# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 1341# 1342# (2006-12-09): 1343# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 1344# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 1345# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 1346# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 1347# 1348# From Gilmore Davidson (2019-04-08): 1349# https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-04-08/this-remote-stretch-of-desert-has-its-own-custom-time-zone/10981000 1350# ... include[s] a rough description of the geographical boundaries... 1351# "The time zone exists for about 340 kilometres and takes in the tiny 1352# roadhouse communities of Cocklebiddy, Madura, Eucla and Border Village." 1353# ... and an indication that the zone has definitely been in existence 1354# since before the 1970 cut-off of the database ... 1355# From Paul Eggert (2019-05-17): 1356# That ABC Esperance story by Christien de Garis also says: 1357# Although the Central Western Time Zone is not officially recognised (your 1358# phones won't automatically change), there is a sign instructing you which 1359# way to wind your clocks 45 minutes and scrawled underneath one of them in 1360# Texta is the word: 'Why'? 1361# "Good question," Mr Pike said. 1362# "I don't even know that, and it's been going for over 50 years." 1363 1364# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 1365# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 1366# introduction of standard time in 1895. 1367 1368 1369# southeast Australia 1370# 1371# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1372# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT 1373# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. 1374# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html 1375 1376 1377# South Australia 1378 1379# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1380# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1381# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1382# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1383 1384# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1385# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 1386# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1387# ... 1388# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 1389# ... 1390# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1391# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1392# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 1393# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1394 1395# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 1396# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 1397# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 1398# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 1399 1400# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 1401# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 1402# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 1403# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 1404# is on... 1405 1406# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 1407# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 1408# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 1409# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 1410 1411# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 1412# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 1413# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 1414# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 1415 1416# From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 1417# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 1418# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 1419# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 1420 1421# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1422# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1423 1424# Tasmania 1425 1426# From P Chan (2020-11-20): 1427# Tasmania observed DST in 1916-1919. 1428# 1429# Daylight Saving Act, 1916 (7 Geo V, No 2) [1916-09-22] 1430# http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/tas/num_act/tdsa19167gvn2267/ 1431# 1432# Daylight Saving Amendment Act, 1917 (8 Geo V, No 5) [1917-10-01] 1433# http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/tas/num_act/tdsaa19178gvn5347/ 1434# 1435# Daylight Saving Act Repeal Act, 1919 (10 Geo V, No 9) [1919-10-24] 1436# http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/tas/num_act/tdsara191910gvn9339/ 1437# 1438# King Island is mentioned in the 1967 Act but not the 1968 Act. 1439# Therefore it possibly observed DST from 1968/69. 1440# 1441# Daylight Saving Act 1967 (No. 33 of 1967) [1967-09-22] 1442# http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/tas/num_act/dsa196733o1967211/ 1443# 1444# Daylight Saving Act 1968 (No. 42 of 1968) [1968-10-15] 1445# http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/tas/num_act/dsa196842o1968211/ 1446 1447# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1448# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1449# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1450# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1451 1452# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 1453# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 1454# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 1455# (but nothing new about that). 1456 1457# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 1458# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 1459# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 1460# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 1461# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 1462# instead of the first Sunday in October. 1463 1464# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 1465# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 1466 1467# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1468# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1469 1470# Victoria 1471 1472# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1473# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1474# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1475# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1476 1477# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 1478# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 1479# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 1480# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 1481# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 1482# in Melbourne, Australia. 1483# 1484# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 1485# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 1486# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 1487# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 1488# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 1489# expected time. 1490# 1491# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 1492# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 1493# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 1494# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 1495# 1496# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 1497# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 1498 1499# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1500# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1501 1502# New South Wales 1503 1504# From Arthur David Olson: 1505# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 1506# Based on law library research by John Mackin, 1507# who notes: 1508# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 1509# individual states. Thus, while such terms as "Eastern Standard Time" 1510# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 1511# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 1512# legislation. This is very important to understand. 1513# I have researched New South Wales time only... 1514 1515# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 1516# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 1517# October in 2000. See: Matthew Moore, 1518# Two months more daylight saving, Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26). 1519# http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html 1520 1521# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 1522# See the following official NSW source: 1523# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 1524# http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ 1525# 1526# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 1527# daylight saving next year. See: 1528# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 1529# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm 1530# (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 1531# 1532# Victoria will follow NSW. See: 1533# Vic to extend daylight saving (1999-07-28) 1534# http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm 1535# 1536# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 1537# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request (1999-07-19) 1538# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm 1539# 1540# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 1541# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 1542# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm 1543# (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 1544# "Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 1545# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 1546# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 1547# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 1548# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules." 1549# 1550# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 1551# Broken Hill to be behind the times (1999-07-21) 1552# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm 1553 1554# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 1555# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 1556# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 1557 1558# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 1559# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 1560# towns to use Queensland time. 1561 1562# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1563# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1564 1565# Yancowinna 1566 1567# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 1568# 'Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 1569 1570# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1571# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 1572# # [ Dec 1990 ] 1573# ... 1574# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 1575# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 1576# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 1577# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 1578# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 1579# # presently available. 1580# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 1581# ... 1582# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1583# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 1584# [followed by other Rules] 1585 1586# Lord Howe Island 1587 1588# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1589# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 1590# [ Dec 1990 ] 1591# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 1592# hour ahead of NSW time. 1593 1594# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 1595# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 1596# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 1597# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 1598# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 1599# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1600# instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents 1601# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 1602# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 1603# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 1604 1605# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 1606# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 1607# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 1608# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 1609# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 1610# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 1611 1612# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1613# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1614# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 1615 1616# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1617# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1618 1619# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): 1620# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight 1621# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 1622# summer (southern hemisphere). 1623# 1624# From 1625# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf 1626# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling 1627# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. 1628# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each 1629# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. 1630# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia 1631# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and 1632# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... 1633# 1634# We have a wrap-up here: 1635# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html 1636############################################################################### 1637 1638# New Zealand 1639 1640# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 1641# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 1642# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 1643# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 1644# source - phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 1645 1646# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1647# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 1648# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1649# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 1650# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1651# ... 1652# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1653# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1654# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1655# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 1656# ... 1657# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 1658# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 1659 1660# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1661# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 1662# rather than the October 1 value. 1663 1664# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1665# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1666# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 1667# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 1668# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 1669# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 1670# 1671# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1672# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1673# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.html for the full references. 1674# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1675# 1676# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1677# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1678# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 1679 1680# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1681# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1682# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1683# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1684# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1685 1686# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-14): 1687# Chatham Island time was formally standardized on 1957-01-01 by 1688# New Zealand's Standard Time Amendment Act 1956 (1956-10-26). 1689# https://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/legis/hist_act/staa19561956n100244.pdf 1690# According to Google Books snippet view, a speaker in the New Zealand 1691# parliamentary debates in 1956 said "Clause 78 makes provision for standard 1692# time in the Chatham Islands. The time there is 45 minutes in advance of New 1693# Zealand time. I understand that is the time they keep locally, anyhow." 1694# For now, assume this practice goes back to the introduction of standard time 1695# in New Zealand, as this would make Chatham Islands time almost exactly match 1696# LMT back when New Zealand was at UT +11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did 1697# not observe New Zealand's prewar DST. 1698 1699############################################################################### 1700 1701 1702# Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands and Marcus Island (Minami-Tori-shima) 1703 1704# From Wakaba (2019-01-28) via Phake Nick: 1705# National Diet Library of Japan has several reports by Japanese Government 1706# officers that describe the time used in islands when they visited there. 1707# According to them (and other sources such as newspapers), standard time UTC 1708# + 10 (JST + 1) and DST UTC + 11 (JST + 2) was used until its return to Japan 1709# at 1968-06-26 00:00 JST. The exact periods of DST are still unknown. 1710# I guessed Guam, Mariana, and Bonin and Marcus districts might have 1711# synchronized their DST periods, but reports imply they had their own 1712# decisions, i.e. there were three or more different time zones.... 1713# 1714# https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/小笠原諸島の標準時 1715 1716# From Phake Nick (2019-02-12): 1717# Because their last time change to return to Japanese time when they returned 1718# to Japanese rule was right before 1970, ... per the current tz database 1719# rule, the information doesn't warrant creation of a new timezone for Bonin 1720# Islands itself and is thus as an anecdotal note for interest purpose only. 1721# ... [The abovementioned link] described some special timekeeping phenomenon 1722# regarding Marcus island, another remote island currently owned by Japanese 1723# in the same administrative unit as Bonin Islands. Many reports claim that 1724# the American coastal guard on the American quarter of the island use its own 1725# coastal guard time, and most sources describe the time as UTC+11, being two 1726# hours faster than JST used by some Japanese personnel on the island. Some 1727# sites describe it as same as Wake Island/Guam time although it would be 1728# incorrect to be same as Guam. And then in a few Japanese governmental 1729# report from 1980s (from National Institute of Information and Communications 1730# Technology) regarding the construction of VLBI facility on the Marcus 1731# Island, it claimed that there are three time standards being used on the 1732# island at the time which include not just JST (UTC+9) or [US]CG time 1733# (UTC+11) but also a JMSDF time (UTC+10) (Japan Maritime Self-Defense 1734# Force). Unfortunately there are no other sources that mentioned such time 1735# and there are also no information on things like how the time was used. 1736 1737 1738# Fiji 1739 1740# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 1741# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 1742# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 1743 1744# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 1745# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 1746# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 1747# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 1748 1749# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 1750# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 1751 1752# From the BBC World Service in 1753# http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC): 1754# The Fijian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1755# improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also 1756# intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning 1757# of the new millennium. 1758 1759# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 1760# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 1761 1762 1763# Kiribati 1764 1765# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1766# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1767# "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995" 1768# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 1769 1770# From Kerry Shetline (2018-02-03): 1771# December 31 was the day that was skipped, so that the transition 1772# would be from Friday December 30, 1994 to Sunday January 1, 1995. 1773# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-04): 1774# One source for this is page 202 of: Bartky IR. One Time Fits All: 1775# The Campaigns for Global Uniformity (2007). 1776 1777# Kanton 1778 1779# From Paul Eggert (2021-05-27): 1780# Kiribati's +13 timezone is represented by Kanton, its only populated 1781# island. (It was formerly spelled "Canton", but Gilbertese lacks "C".) 1782# Kanton was settled on 1937-08-31 by two British radio operators 1783# <https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1937v02/d94>; 1784# Americans came the next year and built an airfield, partly to 1785# establish airline service and perhaps partly anticipating the 1786# next war. Aside from the war, the airfield was used by commercial 1787# airlines until long-range jets became standard; although currently 1788# for emergency use only, China says it is considering rebuilding the 1789# airfield for high-end niche tourism. Kanton has about two dozen 1790# people, caretakers who rotate in from the rest of Kiribati in 2-5 1791# year shifts, and who use some of the leftover structures 1792# <http://pipa.neaq.org/2012/06/images-of-kanton-island.html>. 1793 1794# Kwajalein 1795 1796# From an AP article (1993-08-22): 1797# "The nearly 3,000 Americans living on this remote Pacific atoll have a good 1798# excuse for not remembering Saturday night: there wasn't one. Residents were 1799# going to bed Friday night and waking up Sunday morning because at midnight 1800# -- 8 A.M. Eastern daylight time on Saturday -- Kwajalein was jumping from 1801# one side of the international date line to the other." 1802# "In Marshall Islands, Friday is followed by Sunday", NY Times. 1993-08-22. 1803# https://www.nytimes.com/1993/08/22/world/in-marshall-islands-friday-is-followed-by-sunday.html 1804 1805# From Paul Eggert (2022-03-31): 1806# Phake Nick (2018-10-27) noted <https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/南洋群島の標準時>'s 1807# citation of a 1993 AP article published in the New York Times saying 1808# Kwajalein synchronized its day with the US mainland about 40 years earlier. 1809# However the AP article is vague and possibly wrong about this. The article 1810# says the earlier switch was "about 40 years ago when the United States 1811# Army established a missile test range here". However, the Kwajalein Test 1812# Center was established on 1960-10-01 and was run by the US Navy. It was 1813# transferred to the US Army on 1964-07-01. See "Seize the High Ground" 1814# <https://history.army.mil/html/books/070/70-88-1/cmhPub_70-88-1.pdf>. 1815# Given that Shanks was right on the money about the 1993 change, I'm inclined 1816# to take Shanks's word for the 1969 change unless we find better evidence. 1817 1818 1819# N Mariana Is, Guam 1820 1821# From Phake Nick (2018-10-27): 1822# Guam Island was briefly annexed by Japan during ... year 1941-1944 ... 1823# however there are no detailed information about what time it use during that 1824# period. It would probably be reasonable to assume Guam use GMT+9 during 1825# that period of time like the surrounding area. 1826 1827# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): 1828# Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 1829# Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones 1830# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 1831# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 1832# see Asia/Manila. 1833# 1834# Use 1941-12-10 and 1944-07-31 for Guam WWII transitions, as the rough start 1835# and end of Japanese control of Agana. We don't know whether the Northern 1836# Marianas followed Guam's DST rules from 1959 through 1977; for now, assume 1837# they did as that avoids the need for a separate zone due to our 1970 cutoff. 1838# 1839# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UT +10 the official standard time, 1840# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 1841# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 1842# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 1843 1844# See also the commentary for Micronesia. 1845 1846 1847# Marshall Is 1848# See the commentary for Micronesia. 1849 1850 1851# Micronesia (and nearby) 1852 1853# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): 1854# Like the Ladrones (see Guam commentary), assume the Spanish East Indies 1855# kept American time until the Philippines switched at the end of 1844. 1856 1857# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 1858# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1859# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26) 1860# http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html 1861# that Truk and Yap are UT +10, and Ponape and Kosrae are +11. 1862# We don't know when Kosrae switched from +12; assume January 1 for now. 1863 1864# From Phake Nick (2018-10-27): 1865# 1866# From a Japanese wiki site https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/南洋群島の標準時 1867# ... 1868# For "Southern Islands" (modern region of Mariana + Palau + Federation of 1869# Micronesia + Marshall Islands): 1870# 1871# A 1906 Japanese magazine shown the Caroline Islands and Mariana Islands 1872# who was occupied by Germany at the time as GMT+10, together with the like 1873# of German New Guinea. However there is a marking saying it have not been 1874# implemented (yet). No further information after that were found. 1875# 1876# Japan invaded those islands in 1914, and records shows that they were 1877# instructed to use JST at the time. 1878# 1879# 1915 January telecommunication record on the Jaluit Atoll shows they use 1880# the meridian of 170E as standard time (GMT+11:20), which is similar to the 1881# longitude of the atoll. 1882# 1915 February record say the 170E standard time is to be used until 1883# February 9 noon, and after February 9 noon they are to use JST. 1884# However these are time used within the Japanese Military at the time and 1885# probably does not reflect the time used by local resident at the time (that 1886# is if they keep their own time back then) 1887# 1888# In January 1919 the occupying force issued a command that split the area 1889# into three different timezone with meridian of 135E, 150E, 165E (JST+0, +1, 1890# +2), and the command was to become effective from February 1 of the same 1891# year. Despite the target of the command is still only for the occupying 1892# force itself, further publication have described the time as the standard 1893# time for the occupied area and thus it can probably be seen as such. 1894# * Area that use meridian of 135E: Palau and Yap civil administration area 1895# (Southern Islands Western Standard Time) 1896# * Area that use meridian of 150E: Truk (Chuuk) and Saipan civil 1897# administration area (Southern Islands Central Standard Time) 1898# * Area that use meridian of 165E: Ponape (Pohnpei) and Jaluit civil 1899# administration area (Southern Islands Eastern Standard Time). 1900# * In the next few years Japanese occupation of those islands have been 1901# formalized via League of Nation Mandate (South Pacific Mandate) and formal 1902# governance structure have been established, these district [become 1903# subprefectures] and timezone classification have been inherited as standard 1904# time of the area. 1905# * Saipan subprefecture include Mariana islands (exclude Guam which was 1906# occupied by America at the time), Palau and Yap subprefecture rule the 1907# Western Caroline Islands with 137E longitude as border, Truk and Ponape 1908# subprefecture rule the Eastern Caroline Islands with 154E as border, Ponape 1909# subprefecture also rule part of Marshall Islands to the west of 164E 1910# starting from (1918?) and Jaluit subprefecture rule the rest of the 1911# Marshall Islands. 1912# 1913# And then in year 1937, an announcement was made to change the time in the 1914# area into 2 timezones: 1915# * Area that use meridian of 135E: area administered by Palau, Yap and 1916# Saipan subprefecture (Southern Islands Western Standard Time) 1917# * Area that use meridian of 150E: area administered by Truk (Chuuk), 1918# Ponape (Pohnpei) and Jaluit subprefecture (Southern Islands Eastern 1919# Standard Time) 1920# 1921# Another announcement issued in 1941 say that on April 1 that year, 1922# standard time of the Southern Islands would be changed to use the meridian 1923# of 135E (GMT+9), and thus abolishing timezone different within the area. 1924# 1925# Then Pacific theater of WWII started and Japan slowly lose control on the 1926# island. The webpage I linked above contain no information during this 1927# period of time.... 1928# 1929# After the end of WWII, in 1946 February, a document written by the 1930# (former?) Japanese military personnel describe there are 3 hours time 1931# different between Caroline islands time/Wake island time and the Chungking 1932# time, which would mean the time being used there at the time was GMT+10. 1933# 1934# After that, the area become Trust Territories of the Pacific Islands 1935# under American administration from year 1947. The site listed some 1936# American/International books/maps/publications about time used in those 1937# area during this period of time but they doesn't seems to be reliable 1938# information so it would be the best if someone know where can more reliable 1939# information can be found. 1940# 1941# 1942# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): 1943# 1944# For the above, use vague dates like "1914" and "1945" for transitions that 1945# plausibly exist but for which the details are not known. The information 1946# for Wake is too sketchy to act on. 1947# 1948# The 1906 GMT+10 info about German-controlled islands might not have been 1949# done, so omit it from the data for now. 1950# 1951# The Jaluit info governs Kwajalein. 1952 1953 1954# Midway 1955 1956# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1957# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1958# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1959# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1960# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1961# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1962# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1963# air at 6am your time. 1964# 1965# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1966# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1967# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1968# in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1969 1970# Nauru 1971 1972# From Phake Nick (2018-10-31): 1973# Currently, the tz database say Nauru use LMT until 1921, and then 1974# switched to GMT+11:30 for the next two decades. 1975# However, a number of timezone map published in America/Japan back then 1976# showed its timezone as GMT+11 per https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/ナウルの標準時 1977# And it would also be nice if the 1921 transition date could be sourced. 1978# ... 1979# The "Nauru Standard Time Act 1978 Time Change" 1980# http://ronlaw.gov.nr/nauru_lpms/files/gazettes/4b23a17d2030150404db7a5fa5872f52.pdf#page=3 1981# based on "Nauru Standard Time Act 1978 Time Change" 1982# http://www.paclii.org/nr/legis/num_act/nsta1978207/ defined that "Nauru 1983# Alternative Time" (GMT+12) should be in effect from 1979 Feb. 1984# 1985# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-19): 1986# The 1921-01-15 introduction of standard time is in Shanks; it is also in 1987# "Standard Time Throughout the World", US National Bureau of Standards (1935), 1988# page 3, which does not give the UT offset. In response to a comment by 1989# Phake Nick I set the Nauru time of occupation by Japan to 1990# 1942-08-29/1945-09-08 by using dates from: 1991# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Nauru 1992 1993# Norfolk 1994 1995# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2015-09-23): 1996# Norfolk Island will change ... from +1130 to +1100: 1997# https://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2015L01483/Explanatory%20Statement/Text 1998# ... at 12.30 am (by legal time in New South Wales) on 4 October 2015. 1999# http://www.norfolkisland.gov.nf/nia/MediaRelease/Media%20Release%20Norfolk%20Island%20Standard%20Time%20Change.pdf 2000 2001# From Paul Eggert (2019-08-28): 2002# Transitions before 2015 are from timeanddate.com, which consulted 2003# the Norfolk Island Museum and the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's 2004# Norfolk Island station, and found no record of Norfolk observing DST 2005# other than in 1974/5. See: 2006# https://www.timeanddate.com/time/australia/norfolk-island.html 2007# However, disagree with timeanddate about the 1975-03-02 transition; 2008# timeanddate has 02:00 but 02:00s corresponds to what the NSW law said 2009# (thanks to Michael Deckers). 2010 2011# Norfolk started observing Australian DST in spring 2019. 2012# From Kyle Czech (2019-08-13): 2013# https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2018L01702 2014# From Michael Deckers (2019-08-14): 2015# https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2019C00010 2016 2017# Palau 2018# See commentary for Micronesia. 2019 2020# Pitcairn 2021 2022# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 2023# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 2024# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 2025# 2026# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 2027# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 2028# as Pitcairn Standard Time. 2029# 2030# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 2031# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 2032# somehow in light of this proclamation. 2033 2034# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 2035# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 2036# ... at midnight. 2037 2038# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 2039# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 2040# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be ½ hour different from us here in 2041# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 2042 2043 2044# (Western) Samoa and American Samoa 2045 2046# Howse writes (p 153) that after the 1879 standardization on Antipodean 2047# time by the British governor of Fiji, the King of Samoa decided to change 2048# "the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 2049# ordaining - by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery - that 2050# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year." 2051# This happened in 1892, according to the Evening News (Sydney) of 1892-07-20. 2052# https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl.htm 2053 2054# Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UT -11:30 2055# in 1911, and to -11 in 1950. many earlier sources give -11 2056# for American Samoa, e.g., the US National Bureau of Standards 2057# circular "Standard Time Throughout the World", 1932. 2058# Assume American Samoa switched to -11 in 1911, not 1950, 2059# and that after 1950 they agreed until (western) Samoa skipped a 2060# day in 2011. Assume also that the Samoas follow the US and New 2061# Zealand's "ST"/"DT" style of daylight-saving abbreviations. 2062 2063 2064# Tonga 2065 2066# From Paul Eggert (2021-03-04): 2067# In 1943 "The standard time kept is 12 hrs. 19 min. 12 sec. fast 2068# on Greenwich mean time." according to the Admiralty's Hydrographic 2069# Dept., Pacific Islands Pilot, Vol. II, 7th ed., 1943, p 360. 2070 2071# From Michael Deckers (2021-03-03): 2072# [Ian R Bartky: "One Time Fits All: The Campaigns for Global Uniformity". 2073# Stanford University Press. 2007. p. 255]: 2074# On 10 September 1945 Tonga adopted a standard time 12 hours, 2075# 20 minutes in advance of Greenwich. 2076 2077# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 2078# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting 2079# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time." 2080# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 2081 2082# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 2083# How Tonga became 'The Land where Time Begins': 2084# http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm 2085# 2086# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 2087# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 2088# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 2089# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 2090# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13° 2091# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 2092# 2093# Because His Majesty King Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 2094# Tungī, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 2095# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 2096# 2097# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 2098# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 2099# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 2100# minutes we have lost?" 2101# 2102# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 2103# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 2104# to say your prayers in the morning." 2105# 2106# From Tim Parenti (2021-09-13), per Paul Eggert (2006-03-22) and Michael 2107# Deckers (2021-03-03): 2108# Mundell places the transition from +12:20 to +13 in 1941, while Shanks & 2109# Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01. 2110# 2111# The Air Almanac published contemporaneous tables of standard times, 2112# which listed +12:20 as of Nov 1960 and +13 as of Mar 1961: 2113# Nov 1960: https://books.google.com/books?id=bVgtWM6kPZUC&pg=SL1-PA19 2114# Mar 1961: https://books.google.com/books?id=W2nItAul4g0C&pg=SL1-PA19 2115# (Thanks to P Chan for pointing us toward these sources.) 2116# This agrees with Bartky, who writes that "since 1961 [Tonga's] official time 2117# has been thirteen hours in advance of Greenwich time" (p. 202) and further 2118# writes in an endnote that this was because "the legislation was amended" on 2119# 1960-10-19. (p. 255) 2120# 2121# Without greater specificity, presume that Bartky and the Air Almanac point to 2122# a 1961-01-01 transition, as Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV was still Crown Prince in 2123# 1961 and this still jives with the gist of Mundell's telling, and go with 2124# this over Shanks & Pottenger. 2125 2126# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 2127# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium 2128# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 2129# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 2130# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 2131# Government. 2132 2133# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 2134# * Tonga will introduce DST in November 2135# 2136# I was given this link by John Letts: 2137# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 2138# 2139# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 2140# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 2141# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 2142# (12 + 1 hour DST). 2143 2144# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 2145# According to <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html>: 2146# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 2147# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 2148# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 2149# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 2150# set back an hour on the closing date." 2151# Alas, no indication of the time of day. 2152 2153# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 2154# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 2155# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 2156 2157# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 2158# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 2159# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 2160# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 2161# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 2162# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 2163# (Original URL was <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm>) 2164 2165# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 2166# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 2167 2168# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 2169# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 2170# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 2171# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 2172# hour to 1:00am. 2173 2174# From Pulu ʻAnau (2002-11-05): 2175# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 2176 2177# From Pulu ʻAnau (2016-10-27): 2178# http://mic.gov.to/news-today/press-releases/6375-daylight-saving-set-to-run-from-6-november-2016-to-15-january-2017 2179# Cannot find anyone who knows the rules, has seen the duration or has seen 2180# the cabinet decision, but it appears we are following Fiji's rule set. 2181# 2182# From Tim Parenti (2016-10-26): 2183# Assume Tonga will observe DST from the first Sunday in November at 02:00 2184# through the third Sunday in January at 03:00, like Fiji, for now. 2185 2186# From David Wade (2017-10-18): 2187# In August government was dissolved by the King. The current prime minister 2188# continued in office in care taker mode. It is easy to see that few 2189# decisions will be made until elections 16th November. 2190# 2191# From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18): 2192# For now, guess that DST is discontinued. That's what the IATA is guessing. 2193 2194 2195############################################################################### 2196 2197# The International Date Line 2198 2199# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 2200# 2201# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 2202# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 2203# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 2204# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 2205# 2206# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 2207# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 2208# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 2209# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 2210# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 2211# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 2212# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 2213# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 2214# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 2215# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 2216# correct date is ambiguous. 2217 2218# From Wikipedia <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 2219# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 2220# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 2221# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 2222# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 2223# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 2224# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 2225# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 2226# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 2227# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 2228# entry into another zone time - he often chose midnight. These zones were 2229# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 2230# independent merchant ships until World War II. 2231 2232# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 2233# (2005-03-20): 2234# 2235# The American Practical Navigator (2002) 2236# http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187 2237# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 2238# international waters; it ignores the international date line. 2239