1503609a9SYuri Pankov# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 2503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 3503609a9SYuri Pankov 4503609a9SYuri Pankov# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 5503609a9SYuri Pankov# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 6503609a9SYuri Pankov# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 7503609a9SYuri Pankov# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 8503609a9SYuri Pankov 9dafc4501SDan McDonald# From Paul Eggert (2017-01-13): 10503609a9SYuri Pankov# 11503609a9SYuri Pankov# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 12503609a9SYuri Pankov# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 13503609a9SYuri Pankov# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 14503609a9SYuri Pankov# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 15503609a9SYuri Pankov# 16dafc4501SDan McDonald# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source 17dafc4501SDan McDonald# for time zone data was the International Air Transport 18503609a9SYuri Pankov# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 19503609a9SYuri Pankov# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 20503609a9SYuri Pankov# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 21503609a9SYuri Pankov# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 22503609a9SYuri Pankov# 23503609a9SYuri Pankov# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 24503609a9SYuri Pankov# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 25503609a9SYuri Pankov# I found in the UCLA library. 26503609a9SYuri Pankov# 27503609a9SYuri Pankov# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 28503609a9SYuri Pankov# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 29b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 30503609a9SYuri Pankov# 31503609a9SYuri Pankov# For Russian data circa 1919, a source is: 32503609a9SYuri Pankov# Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919. 33503609a9SYuri Pankov# (See the 'europe' file for a fuller citation.) 34503609a9SYuri Pankov# 35503609a9SYuri Pankov# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 36503609a9SYuri Pankov# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 37503609a9SYuri Pankov# 38dafc4501SDan McDonald# The following alphabetic abbreviations appear in these tables: 39503609a9SYuri Pankov# std dst 40503609a9SYuri Pankov# LMT Local Mean Time 41503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time 42503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2:00 IST IDT Israel 43503609a9SYuri Pankov# 5:30 IST India 44503609a9SYuri Pankov# 7:00 WIB west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat) 45503609a9SYuri Pankov# 8:00 WITA central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah) 46503609a9SYuri Pankov# 8:00 CST China 47dafc4501SDan McDonald# 8:30 KST KDT Korea when at +0830 48503609a9SYuri Pankov# 9:00 WIT east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur) 49503609a9SYuri Pankov# 9:00 JST JDT Japan 50503609a9SYuri Pankov# 9:00 KST KDT Korea when at +09 51503609a9SYuri Pankov# 9:30 ACST Australian Central Standard Time 52dafc4501SDan McDonald# Otherwise, these tables typically use numeric abbreviations like +03 534b8ee424SYuri Pankov# and +0330 for integer hour and minute UT offsets. Although earlier 54dafc4501SDan McDonald# editions invented alphabetic time zone abbreviations for every 55dafc4501SDan McDonald# offset, this did not reflect common practice. 56503609a9SYuri Pankov# 57503609a9SYuri Pankov# See the 'europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia. 58503609a9SYuri Pankov 59503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Guy Harris: 60503609a9SYuri Pankov# Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as 61503609a9SYuri Pankov# additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental 62503609a9SYuri Pankov# Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide - 63dafc4501SDan McDonald# Worldwide Edition). 64503609a9SYuri Pankov 65503609a9SYuri Pankov############################################################################### 66503609a9SYuri Pankov 67503609a9SYuri Pankov# These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file. 68503609a9SYuri Pankov# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 69503609a9SYuri PankovRule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S 70503609a9SYuri PankovRule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 71503609a9SYuri PankovRule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - 72*3508b934SYuri PankovRule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 - 73503609a9SYuri PankovRule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 74503609a9SYuri PankovRule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 75*3508b934SYuri PankovRule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 - 76503609a9SYuri PankovRule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 77503609a9SYuri PankovRule RussiaAsia 1984 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 78*3508b934SYuri PankovRule RussiaAsia 1985 2010 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 79b654b02dSYuri PankovRule RussiaAsia 1996 2010 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 80503609a9SYuri Pankov 81503609a9SYuri Pankov# Afghanistan 82503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 83503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890 84dafc4501SDan McDonald 4:00 - +04 1945 85dafc4501SDan McDonald 4:30 - +0430 86503609a9SYuri Pankov 87503609a9SYuri Pankov# Armenia 88503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 89503609a9SYuri Pankov# Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST) 90503609a9SYuri Pankov# in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then 91503609a9SYuri Pankov# readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even 92503609a9SYuri Pankov# when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz 93503609a9SYuri Pankov# reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST 94503609a9SYuri Pankov# in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that 95503609a9SYuri Pankov# Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991, 96503609a9SYuri Pankov# but started switching at 3:00s in 1998. 97503609a9SYuri Pankov 98503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15): 99503609a9SYuri Pankov# While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to 100503609a9SYuri Pankov# follow Russia's "old" rules. 101503609a9SYuri Pankov 102503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-02-10): 103503609a9SYuri Pankov# According to News Armenia, on Feb 9, 2012, 104503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://newsarmenia.ru/society/20120209/42609695.html 105503609a9SYuri Pankov# 106503609a9SYuri Pankov# The Armenia National Assembly adopted final reading of Amendments to the 107503609a9SYuri Pankov# Law "On procedure of calculation time on the territory of the Republic of 108503609a9SYuri Pankov# Armenia" according to which Armenia [is] abolishing Daylight Saving Time. 109503609a9SYuri Pankov# or 110503609a9SYuri Pankov# (brief) 111503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_armenia03.html 112b654b02dSYuri Pankov# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 113*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Armenia 2011 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 114b654b02dSYuri PankovRule Armenia 2011 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 115503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 116503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2 117503609a9SYuri Pankov 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar 118503609a9SYuri Pankov 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 119503609a9SYuri Pankov 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1995 Sep 24 2:00s 120503609a9SYuri Pankov 4:00 - +04 1997 121b654b02dSYuri Pankov 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2011 122b654b02dSYuri Pankov 4:00 Armenia +04/+05 123503609a9SYuri Pankov 124503609a9SYuri Pankov# Azerbaijan 125503609a9SYuri Pankov 126503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23): 127503609a9SYuri Pankov# According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997 128503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2015-09-17): It was Resolution No. 21 (1997-03-17). 129503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://code.az/files/daylight_res.pdf 130503609a9SYuri Pankov 131503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-03-17): 132503609a9SYuri Pankov# ... the Azerbaijani Cabinet of Ministers has cancelled switching to 133503609a9SYuri Pankov# daylight saving time.... 134b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.azernews.az/azerbaijan/94137.html 135503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/Azerbaijani-Cabinet-of-Ministers-cancels-daylight-saving-time.html 136503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://en.apa.az/xeber_azerbaijan_abolishes_daylight_savings_ti_240862.html 137503609a9SYuri Pankov 138503609a9SYuri Pankov# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 139*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Azer 1997 2015 - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 - 140503609a9SYuri PankovRule Azer 1997 2015 - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 - 141503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 142503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 143503609a9SYuri Pankov 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar 144503609a9SYuri Pankov 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 145503609a9SYuri Pankov 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1992 Sep lastSun 2:00s 146503609a9SYuri Pankov 4:00 - +04 1996 147503609a9SYuri Pankov 4:00 EUAsia +04/+05 1997 148503609a9SYuri Pankov 4:00 Azer +04/+05 149503609a9SYuri Pankov 150503609a9SYuri Pankov# Bahrain 151503609a9SYuri Pankov# See Asia/Qatar. 152503609a9SYuri Pankov 153503609a9SYuri Pankov# Bangladesh 154503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13): 155503609a9SYuri Pankov# According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce 156503609a9SYuri Pankov# Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30 157503609a9SYuri Pankov# 158503609a9SYuri Pankov# Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16 159503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288 160503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html 161503609a9SYuri Pankov# 162503609a9SYuri Pankov# "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from 163503609a9SYuri Pankov# June 164503609a9SYuri Pankov# 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with 165503609a9SYuri Pankov# crippling power crisis. " 166503609a9SYuri Pankov# 167503609a9SYuri Pankov# The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if 168503609a9SYuri Pankov# implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010 169503609a9SYuri Pankov 170503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02): 171503609a9SYuri Pankov# They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between 172503609a9SYuri Pankov# the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet. 173503609a9SYuri Pankov# 174503609a9SYuri Pankov# Some sources: 175b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601 176503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2 177503609a9SYuri Pankov# 178503609a9SYuri Pankov# Our wrap-up: 179b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html 180503609a9SYuri Pankov 181503609a9SYuri Pankov# From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15): 182503609a9SYuri Pankov# Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start 183503609a9SYuri Pankov# time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh 184503609a9SYuri Pankov# Telecommunication Regulatory Commission). 185503609a9SYuri Pankov# 186503609a9SYuri Pankov# No DST end date has been announced yet. 187503609a9SYuri Pankov 188503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25): 189503609a9SYuri Pankov# Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009, 190503609a9SYuri Pankov# instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision. 191503609a9SYuri Pankov# 192503609a9SYuri Pankov# Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday": 193503609a9SYuri Pankov# "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1" 194503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021 195503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html 196503609a9SYuri Pankov 197503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13): 198503609a9SYuri Pankov# IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports: 199503609a9SYuri Pankov# Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make 200503609a9SYuri Pankov# maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would 201503609a9SYuri Pankov# "continue for an indefinite period." 202503609a9SYuri Pankov# 203503609a9SYuri Pankov# One of many places where it is published: 204503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html 205503609a9SYuri Pankov 206503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24): 207503609a9SYuri Pankov# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star," 208503609a9SYuri Pankov# Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009. 209503609a9SYuri Pankov# 210503609a9SYuri Pankov# Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night. 211503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228 212503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html 213503609a9SYuri Pankov# 214503609a9SYuri Pankov# "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour 215503609a9SYuri Pankov# on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31, 216503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime 217503609a9SYuri Pankov# Minister's Office last night..." 218503609a9SYuri Pankov 219503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22): 220503609a9SYuri Pankov# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star," 221503609a9SYuri Pankov# Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time 222503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817 223503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html 224503609a9SYuri Pankov 225503609a9SYuri Pankov# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 226*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 - 227503609a9SYuri PankovRule Dhaka 2009 only - Dec 31 24:00 0 - 228503609a9SYuri Pankov 229503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 230503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890 231503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 232dafc4501SDan McDonald 6:30 - +0630 1942 May 15 233dafc4501SDan McDonald 5:30 - +0530 1942 Sep 234dafc4501SDan McDonald 6:30 - +0630 1951 Sep 30 235dafc4501SDan McDonald 6:00 - +06 2009 236dafc4501SDan McDonald 6:00 Dhaka +06/+07 237503609a9SYuri Pankov 238503609a9SYuri Pankov# Bhutan 239503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 240503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu 241dafc4501SDan McDonald 5:30 - +0530 1987 Oct 242dafc4501SDan McDonald 6:00 - +06 243503609a9SYuri Pankov 244503609a9SYuri Pankov# British Indian Ocean Territory 245503609a9SYuri Pankov# Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the 246503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996. 247503609a9SYuri Pankov# We have no information as to when standard time was introduced; 248503609a9SYuri Pankov# assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which 249503609a9SYuri Pankov# then contained the Chagos Archipelago). 250503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 251503609a9SYuri PankovZone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907 252dafc4501SDan McDonald 5:00 - +05 1996 253dafc4501SDan McDonald 6:00 - +06 254503609a9SYuri Pankov 255503609a9SYuri Pankov# Brunei 256503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 257503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan 258dafc4501SDan McDonald 7:30 - +0730 1933 259dafc4501SDan McDonald 8:00 - +08 260503609a9SYuri Pankov 261503609a9SYuri Pankov# Burma / Myanmar 262503609a9SYuri Pankov 263503609a9SYuri Pankov# Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon. 264503609a9SYuri Pankov 265b654b02dSYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-20): 266b654b02dSYuri Pankov# Page 27 of Reed & Low (cited for Asia/Kolkata) says "Rangoon local time is 267b654b02dSYuri Pankov# used upon the railways and telegraphs of Burma, and is 6h. 24m. 47s. ahead 268b654b02dSYuri Pankov# of Greenwich." This refers to the period before Burma's transition to +0630, 269b654b02dSYuri Pankov# a transition for which Shanks is the only source. 270b654b02dSYuri Pankov 271503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 272b654b02dSYuri PankovZone Asia/Yangon 6:24:47 - LMT 1880 # or Rangoon 273b654b02dSYuri Pankov 6:24:47 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon local time 274dafc4501SDan McDonald 6:30 - +0630 1942 May 275dafc4501SDan McDonald 9:00 - +09 1945 May 3 276dafc4501SDan McDonald 6:30 - +0630 277503609a9SYuri Pankov 278503609a9SYuri Pankov# Cambodia 279503609a9SYuri Pankov# See Asia/Bangkok. 280503609a9SYuri Pankov 281503609a9SYuri Pankov 282503609a9SYuri Pankov# China 283503609a9SYuri Pankov 284503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Guy Harris: 285503609a9SYuri Pankov# People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone. 286503609a9SYuri Pankov 287503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 288503609a9SYuri Pankov# No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though 289503609a9SYuri Pankov# China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the 290503609a9SYuri Pankov# Peking (Beijing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China 291503609a9SYuri Pankov# has two of 'em - Peking's and Ürümqi (named after the capital of 292503609a9SYuri Pankov# the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it. 293503609a9SYuri Pankov# 294503609a9SYuri Pankov# . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too 295503609a9SYuri Pankov# painful to suck in another copy. So, here is what I have for 296503609a9SYuri Pankov# DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP): 297503609a9SYuri Pankov# 298503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1986 May 4 - Sept 14 299503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1987 mid-April - ?? 300503609a9SYuri Pankov 301503609a9SYuri Pankov# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19): 302503609a9SYuri Pankov# CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN 303503609a9SYuri Pankov# CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10 304503609a9SYuri Pankov 305503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11): 306503609a9SYuri Pankov# Jim Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight 307503609a9SYuri Pankov# time - sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05 ... [says] that China began 308503609a9SYuri Pankov# observing daylight saving time in 1986. 309503609a9SYuri Pankov 310503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 311503609a9SYuri Pankov# Shanks & Pottenger have China switching to a single time zone in 1980, but 312503609a9SYuri Pankov# this doesn't seem to be correct. They also write that China observed summer 313503609a9SYuri Pankov# DST from 1986 through 1991, which seems to match the above commentary, so 314503609a9SYuri Pankov# go with them for DST rules as follows: 315503609a9SYuri Pankov# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 316503609a9SYuri PankovRule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D 317503609a9SYuri PankovRule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 318503609a9SYuri PankovRule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D 319503609a9SYuri PankovRule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D 320503609a9SYuri PankovRule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S 321503609a9SYuri PankovRule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D 322503609a9SYuri Pankov 323503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20): 324503609a9SYuri Pankov# BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five 325503609a9SYuri Pankov# historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official 326503609a9SYuri Pankov# Chinese names for these locales (before 1949). 327503609a9SYuri Pankov# 328503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-07-14): 329503609a9SYuri Pankov# I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the 330b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county 331503609a9SYuri Pankov# boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two 332503609a9SYuri Pankov# counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border, 333503609a9SYuri Pankov# counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are 334503609a9SYuri Pankov# therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege 335503609a9SYuri Pankov# county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6 336503609a9SYuri Pankov# (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two 337503609a9SYuri Pankov# counties are mistakes in the astro.com data. 338503609a9SYuri Pankov 339dafc4501SDan McDonald# From Paul Eggert (2017-01-05): 340503609a9SYuri Pankov# Alois Treindl kindly sent me translations of the following two sources: 341503609a9SYuri Pankov# 342503609a9SYuri Pankov# (1) 343503609a9SYuri Pankov# Guo Qingsheng (National Time-Service Center, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China) 344503609a9SYuri Pankov# Beijing Time at the Beginning of the PRC 345503609a9SYuri Pankov# China Historical Materials of Science and Technology 346503609a9SYuri Pankov# (Zhongguo ke ji shi liao, 中国科技史料), Vol. 24, No. 1 (2003) 347503609a9SYuri Pankov# It gives evidence that at the beginning of the PRC, Beijing time was 348503609a9SYuri Pankov# officially apparent solar time! However, Guo also says that the 349503609a9SYuri Pankov# evidence is dubious, as the relevant institute of astronomy had not 350503609a9SYuri Pankov# been taken over by the PRC yet. It's plausible that apparent solar 351503609a9SYuri Pankov# time was announced but never implemented, and that people continued 352503609a9SYuri Pankov# to use UT+8. As the Shanghai radio station (and I presume the 353503609a9SYuri Pankov# observatory) was still under control of French missionaries, it 354503609a9SYuri Pankov# could well have ignored any such mandate. 355503609a9SYuri Pankov# 356503609a9SYuri Pankov# (2) 357503609a9SYuri Pankov# Guo Qing-sheng (Shaanxi Astronomical Observatory, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China) 358503609a9SYuri Pankov# A Study on the Standard Time Changes for the Past 100 Years in China 359503609a9SYuri Pankov# [undated and unknown publication location] 360503609a9SYuri Pankov# It says several things: 361503609a9SYuri Pankov# * The Qing dynasty used local apparent solar time throughout China. 362503609a9SYuri Pankov# * The Republic of China instituted Beijing mean solar time effective 363503609a9SYuri Pankov# the official calendar book of 1914. 364503609a9SYuri Pankov# * The French Concession in Shanghai set up signal stations in 365503609a9SYuri Pankov# French docks in the 1890s, controlled by Xujiahui (Zikawei) 366503609a9SYuri Pankov# Observatory and set to local mean time. 367503609a9SYuri Pankov# * "From the end of the 19th century" it changed to UT+8. 368503609a9SYuri Pankov# * Chinese Customs (by then reduced to a tool of foreign powers) 369503609a9SYuri Pankov# eventually standardized on this time for all ports, and it 370503609a9SYuri Pankov# became used by railways as well. 371503609a9SYuri Pankov# * In 1918 the Central Observatory proposed dividing China into 372503609a9SYuri Pankov# five time zones (see below for details). This caught on 373503609a9SYuri Pankov# at first only in coastal areas observing UT+8. 374503609a9SYuri Pankov# * During WWII all of China was in theory was at UT+7. In practice 375503609a9SYuri Pankov# this was ignored in the west, and I presume was ignored in 376503609a9SYuri Pankov# Japanese-occupied territory. 377503609a9SYuri Pankov# * Japanese-occupied Manchuria was at UT+9, i.e., Japan time. 378503609a9SYuri Pankov# * The five-zone plan was resurrected after WWII and officially put into 379503609a9SYuri Pankov# place (with some modifications) in March 1948. It's not clear 380503609a9SYuri Pankov# how well it was observed in areas under Nationalist control. 381503609a9SYuri Pankov# * The People's Liberation Army used UT+8 during the civil war. 382503609a9SYuri Pankov# 383503609a9SYuri Pankov# An AP article "Shanghai Internat'l Area Little Changed" in the 384503609a9SYuri Pankov# Lewiston (ME) Daily Sun (1939-05-29), p 17, said "Even the time is 385503609a9SYuri Pankov# different - the occupied districts going by Tokyo time, an hour 386503609a9SYuri Pankov# ahead of that prevailing in the rest of Shanghai." Guess that the 387503609a9SYuri Pankov# Xujiahui Observatory was under French control and stuck with UT +08. 388503609a9SYuri Pankov# 389503609a9SYuri Pankov# In earlier versions of this file, China had many separate Zone entries, but 390503609a9SYuri Pankov# this was based on what were apparently incorrect data in Shanks & Pottenger. 391503609a9SYuri Pankov# This has now been simplified to the two entries Asia/Shanghai and 392503609a9SYuri Pankov# Asia/Urumqi, with the others being links for backward compatibility. 393503609a9SYuri Pankov# Proposed in 1918 and theoretically in effect until 1949 (although in practice 394503609a9SYuri Pankov# mainly observed in coastal areas), the five zones were: 395503609a9SYuri Pankov# 396503609a9SYuri Pankov# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) UT +08:30 397dafc4501SDan McDonald# Now part of Asia/Shanghai; its pre-1970 times are not recorded here. 398503609a9SYuri Pankov# Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin 399503609a9SYuri Pankov# 400503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT +08 401dafc4501SDan McDonald# Now part of Asia/Shanghai. 402503609a9SYuri Pankov# most of China 403503609a9SYuri Pankov# Milne gives 8:05:43.2 for Xujiahui Observatory time; round to nearest. 404503609a9SYuri Pankov# Guo says Shanghai switched to UT +08 "from the end of the 19th century". 405503609a9SYuri Pankov# 406dafc4501SDan McDonald# Long-shu Time (probably as Long and Shu were two names of the area) UT +07 407dafc4501SDan McDonald# Now part of Asia/Shanghai; its pre-1970 times are not recorded here. 408503609a9SYuri Pankov# Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan; 409dafc4501SDan McDonald# most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; east Qinghai; and the Guangdong 410503609a9SYuri Pankov# counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing, 411503609a9SYuri Pankov# Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu. 412503609a9SYuri Pankov# 413503609a9SYuri Pankov# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT +06 414dafc4501SDan McDonald# This region is now part of either Asia/Urumqi or Asia/Shanghai with 415dafc4501SDan McDonald# current boundaries uncertain; times before 1970 for areas that 416dafc4501SDan McDonald# disagree with Ürümqi or Shanghai are not recorded here. 417503609a9SYuri Pankov# The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai; 418503609a9SYuri Pankov# the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang, 419503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi; 420503609a9SYuri Pankov# east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi; 421503609a9SYuri Pankov# east Xinjiang, including Ürümqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe, 422503609a9SYuri Pankov# Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin, 423503609a9SYuri Pankov# Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami, 424503609a9SYuri Pankov# Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan. 425503609a9SYuri Pankov# 426503609a9SYuri Pankov# Kunlun Time UT +05:30 427dafc4501SDan McDonald# This region is now in the same status as Xin-zang Time (see above). 428503609a9SYuri Pankov# West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule; 429503609a9SYuri Pankov# West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke, 430503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding, 431503609a9SYuri Pankov# and Yarkand. 432503609a9SYuri Pankov 433503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Luther Ma (2009-10-17): 434503609a9SYuri Pankov# Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in 435503609a9SYuri Pankov# Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time, 436503609a9SYuri Pankov# but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on 437503609a9SYuri Pankov# what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese 438503609a9SYuri Pankov# they implicitly use Beijing time. 439503609a9SYuri Pankov# 440503609a9SYuri Pankov# On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the 441503609a9SYuri Pankov# population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two 442503609a9SYuri Pankov# hours behind Beijing time, or UT +06. The government of the Xinjiang 443503609a9SYuri Pankov# Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as 444503609a9SYuri Pankov# local governments such as the Ürümqi city government use both times in 445503609a9SYuri Pankov# publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as 446503609a9SYuri Pankov# "Ürümqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language 447503609a9SYuri Pankov# they almost invariably use Xinjiang time. 448503609a9SYuri Pankov# 449503609a9SYuri Pankov# (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its 450503609a9SYuri Pankov# widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in 451503609a9SYuri Pankov# Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.) 452503609a9SYuri Pankov# 453503609a9SYuri Pankov# (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990 454503609a9SYuri Pankov# or 1991 when summer time was in use. The confusion was severe, with 455503609a9SYuri Pankov# the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same 456503609a9SYuri Pankov# time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and 457503609a9SYuri Pankov# others moving their clocks ahead.) 458503609a9SYuri Pankov 459503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Luther Ma (2009-11-19): 460503609a9SYuri Pankov# With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common 461503609a9SYuri Pankov# English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols): 462503609a9SYuri Pankov# 463503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1. Wulumuqi... 464503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2. Kashi... 465503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3. Urumqi... 466503609a9SYuri Pankov# 4. Kashgar... 467503609a9SYuri Pankov# ... 468503609a9SYuri Pankov# 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Ürümqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the 469503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding 470503609a9SYuri Pankov# countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child. 471503609a9SYuri Pankov# 472503609a9SYuri Pankov# 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any 473503609a9SYuri Pankov# start date for Xinjiang time. 474503609a9SYuri Pankov# 475503609a9SYuri Pankov# Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally 476503609a9SYuri Pankov# publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur 477503609a9SYuri Pankov# Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also 478503609a9SYuri Pankov# not be using Beijing time, but some local time.) 479503609a9SYuri Pankov 480503609a9SYuri Pankov# From David Cochrane (2014-03-26): 481503609a9SYuri Pankov# Just a confirmation that Ürümqi time was implemented in Ürümqi on 1 Feb 1986: 482b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960684,00.html 483503609a9SYuri Pankov 484503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Luther Ma (2014-04-22): 485503609a9SYuri Pankov# I have interviewed numerous people of various nationalities and from 486503609a9SYuri Pankov# different localities in Xinjiang and can confirm the information in Guo's 487503609a9SYuri Pankov# report regarding Xinjiang, as well as the Time article reference by David 488503609a9SYuri Pankov# Cochrane. Whether officially recognized or not (and both are officially 489503609a9SYuri Pankov# recognized), two separate times have been in use in Xinjiang since at least 490503609a9SYuri Pankov# the Cultural Revolution: Xinjiang Time (XJT), aka Ürümqi Time or local time; 491503609a9SYuri Pankov# and Beijing Time. There is no confusion in Xinjiang as to which name refers 492503609a9SYuri Pankov# to which time. Both are widely used in the province, although in some 493503609a9SYuri Pankov# population groups might be use one to the exclusion of the other. The only 494503609a9SYuri Pankov# problem is that computers and smart phones list Ürümqi (or Kashgar) as 495503609a9SYuri Pankov# having the same time as Beijing. 496503609a9SYuri Pankov 497503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 498503609a9SYuri Pankov# In the early days of the PRC, Tibet was given its own time zone (UT +06) 499503609a9SYuri Pankov# but this was withdrawn in 1959 and never reinstated; see Tubten Khétsun, 500503609a9SYuri Pankov# Memories of life in Lhasa under Chinese Rule, Columbia U Press, ISBN 501503609a9SYuri Pankov# 978-0231142861 (2008), translator's introduction by Matthew Akester, p x. 502503609a9SYuri Pankov# As this is before our 1970 cutoff, Tibet doesn't need a separate zone. 503503609a9SYuri Pankov# 504503609a9SYuri Pankov# Xinjiang Time is well-documented as being officially recognized. E.g., see 505503609a9SYuri Pankov# "The Working-Calendar for The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government" 506503609a9SYuri Pankov# <http://www.sinkiang.gov.cn/service/ourworking/> (2014-04-22). 507503609a9SYuri Pankov# Unfortunately, we have no good records of time in Xinjiang before 1986. 508503609a9SYuri Pankov# During the 20th century parts of Xinjiang were ruled by the Qing dynasty, 509503609a9SYuri Pankov# the Republic of China, various warlords, the First and Second East Turkestan 510503609a9SYuri Pankov# Republics, the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang, and the People's Republic of 511503609a9SYuri Pankov# China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be 512503609a9SYuri Pankov# quite a trick. Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to 513503609a9SYuri Pankov# UT +06 at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren, 514503609a9SYuri Pankov# which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a 515503609a9SYuri Pankov# guess) as the transition from LMT. Ignore the usage of +08 before 516503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to +08 is unknown and 517503609a9SYuri Pankov# that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the 518503609a9SYuri Pankov# +08 mandate back then. 519503609a9SYuri Pankov 520503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 521503609a9SYuri Pankov# Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai. 522503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:43 - LMT 1901 523503609a9SYuri Pankov 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949 524503609a9SYuri Pankov 8:00 PRC C%sT 525503609a9SYuri Pankov# Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by Ürümqi / Ürümchi 526503609a9SYuri Pankov# / Wulumuqi. (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.) 527503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 528dafc4501SDan McDonald 6:00 - +06 529503609a9SYuri Pankov 530503609a9SYuri Pankov 531503609a9SYuri Pankov# Hong Kong (Xianggang) 532503609a9SYuri Pankov 533503609a9SYuri Pankov# Milne gives 7:36:41.7; round this. 534503609a9SYuri Pankov 535503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24): 536503609a9SYuri Pankov# I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong 537503609a9SYuri Pankov# Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually, 538503609a9SYuri Pankov# it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK, 539503609a9SYuri Pankov# and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing 540503609a9SYuri Pankov# and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I 541503609a9SYuri Pankov# think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be 542503609a9SYuri Pankov# obtained from 543503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm 544503609a9SYuri Pankov 545503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28): 546503609a9SYuri Pankov# Here are the dates given at 547503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm 548503609a9SYuri Pankov# as of 2009-10-28: 549503609a9SYuri Pankov# Year Period 550503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1941 1 Apr to 30 Sep 551503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1942 Whole year 552503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1943 Whole year 553503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1944 Whole year 554503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1945 Whole year 555503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1946 20 Apr to 1 Dec 556503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1947 13 Apr to 30 Dec 557503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1948 2 May to 31 Oct 558503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1949 3 Apr to 30 Oct 559503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1950 2 Apr to 29 Oct 560503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1951 1 Apr to 28 Oct 561503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1952 6 Apr to 25 Oct 562503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1953 5 Apr to 1 Nov 563503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1954 21 Mar to 31 Oct 564503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1955 20 Mar to 6 Nov 565503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1956 18 Mar to 4 Nov 566503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1957 24 Mar to 3 Nov 567503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1958 23 Mar to 2 Nov 568503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1959 22 Mar to 1 Nov 569503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1960 20 Mar to 6 Nov 570503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1961 19 Mar to 5 Nov 571503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1962 18 Mar to 4 Nov 572503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1963 24 Mar to 3 Nov 573503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1964 22 Mar to 1 Nov 574503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1965 18 Apr to 17 Oct 575503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1966 17 Apr to 16 Oct 576503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1967 16 Apr to 22 Oct 577503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1968 21 Apr to 20 Oct 578503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1969 20 Apr to 19 Oct 579503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1970 19 Apr to 18 Oct 580503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1971 18 Apr to 17 Oct 581503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1972 16 Apr to 22 Oct 582503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1973 22 Apr to 21 Oct 583503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1973/74 30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74 584503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1975 20 Apr to 19 Oct 585503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1976 18 Apr to 17 Oct 586503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1977 Nil 587503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1978 Nil 588503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1979 13 May to 21 Oct 589503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1980 to Now Nil 590503609a9SYuri Pankov# The page does not give start or end times of day. 591503609a9SYuri Pankov# The page does not give a start date for 1942. 592503609a9SYuri Pankov# The page does not givw an end date for 1945. 593503609a9SYuri Pankov# The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began on 1941-12-25. 594503609a9SYuri Pankov# The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-15. 595503609a9SYuri Pankov# For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the transition times. 596503609a9SYuri Pankov 597503609a9SYuri Pankov# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 598503609a9SYuri PankovRule HK 1941 only - Apr 1 3:30 1:00 S 599503609a9SYuri PankovRule HK 1941 only - Sep 30 3:30 0 - 600503609a9SYuri PankovRule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S 601503609a9SYuri PankovRule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 - 602503609a9SYuri PankovRule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S 603503609a9SYuri PankovRule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 - 604503609a9SYuri PankovRule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S 605503609a9SYuri PankovRule HK 1948 1951 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 - 606503609a9SYuri PankovRule HK 1952 only - Oct 25 3:30 0 - 607503609a9SYuri PankovRule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S 608503609a9SYuri PankovRule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 - 609503609a9SYuri PankovRule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S 610503609a9SYuri PankovRule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 - 611503609a9SYuri PankovRule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - 612503609a9SYuri PankovRule HK 1965 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 613503609a9SYuri PankovRule HK 1965 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 614503609a9SYuri PankovRule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S 615503609a9SYuri PankovRule HK 1979 only - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S 616503609a9SYuri PankovRule HK 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 617503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 618503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:42 - LMT 1904 Oct 30 619503609a9SYuri Pankov 8:00 HK HK%sT 1941 Dec 25 620503609a9SYuri Pankov 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 15 621503609a9SYuri Pankov 8:00 HK HK%sT 622503609a9SYuri Pankov 623503609a9SYuri Pankov############################################################################### 624503609a9SYuri Pankov 625503609a9SYuri Pankov# Taiwan 626503609a9SYuri Pankov 627503609a9SYuri Pankov# From smallufo (2010-04-03): 628503609a9SYuri Pankov# According to Taiwan's CWB [Central Weather Bureau], 629503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm 630503609a9SYuri Pankov# Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30. 631503609a9SYuri Pankov 632503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12): 633503609a9SYuri Pankov# On Dec 28, 1895, the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of 634503609a9SYuri Pankov# Meiji Year 28 "The clause about standard time", mentioned that 635503609a9SYuri Pankov# Taiwan and Penghu Islands, as well as Yaeyama and Miyako Islands 636503609a9SYuri Pankov# (both in Okinawa) adopt the Western Standard Time which is based on 637503609a9SYuri Pankov# 120E. The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. The original text can be 638503609a9SYuri Pankov# found on Wikisource: 639b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時) 640503609a9SYuri Pankov# ... This could be the first adoption of time zone in Taiwan, because 641503609a9SYuri Pankov# during the Qing Dynasty, it seems that there was no time zone 642503609a9SYuri Pankov# declared officially. 643503609a9SYuri Pankov# 644503609a9SYuri Pankov# Later, in the beginning of World War II, on Sep 25, 1937, the Showa 645503609a9SYuri Pankov# Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 "The clause of 646503609a9SYuri Pankov# revision in the ordinance No. 167 of Meiji year 28 about standard 647503609a9SYuri Pankov# time", in which abolished the adoption of Western Standard Time in 648503609a9SYuri Pankov# western islands (listed above), which means the whole Japan 649503609a9SYuri Pankov# territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan Central Time 6504b8ee424SYuri Pankov# (UT+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. The original text can 651503609a9SYuri Pankov# be found on Wikisource: 652b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件 653503609a9SYuri Pankov# 6544b8ee424SYuri Pankov# That is, the time zone of Taipei switched to UT+9 on Oct 1, 1937. 655503609a9SYuri Pankov 656503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02): 6574b8ee424SYuri Pankov# I've found more evidence about when the time zone was switched from UT+9 6584b8ee424SYuri Pankov# back to UT+8 after WW2. I believe it was on Sep 21, 1945. In a document 659503609a9SYuri Pankov# during Japanese era [1] in which the officer told the staff to change time 6604b8ee424SYuri Pankov# zone back to Western Standard Time (UT+8) on Sep 21. And in another 661503609a9SYuri Pankov# history page of National Cheng Kung University [2], on Sep 21 there is a 662503609a9SYuri Pankov# note "from today, switch back to Western Standard Time". From these two 663503609a9SYuri Pankov# materials, I believe that the time zone change happened on Sep 21. And 664503609a9SYuri Pankov# today I have found another monthly journal called "The Astronomical Herald" 665503609a9SYuri Pankov# from The Astronomical Society of Japan [3] in which it mentioned the fact 666503609a9SYuri Pankov# that: 667503609a9SYuri Pankov# 668503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1. Standard Time of the Country (Japan) was adopted on Jan 1, 1888, using 669503609a9SYuri Pankov# the time at 135E (GMT+9) 670503609a9SYuri Pankov# 671503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2. Standard Time of the Country was renamed to Central Standard Time, on Jan 672503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1, 1898, and on the same day, the new territories Taiwan and Penghu islands, 673503609a9SYuri Pankov# as well as Yaeyama and Miyako islands, adopted a new time zone called 674503609a9SYuri Pankov# Western Standard Time, which is in GMT+8. 675503609a9SYuri Pankov# 676503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3. Western Standard Time was deprecated on Sep 30, 1937. From then all the 677503609a9SYuri Pankov# territories of Japan adopted the same time zone, which is Central Standard 678503609a9SYuri Pankov# Time. 679503609a9SYuri Pankov# 680503609a9SYuri Pankov# [1] Academica Historica, Taiwan: 681503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://163.29.208.22:8080/govsaleShowImage/connect_img.php?s=00101738900090036&e=00101738900090037 682503609a9SYuri Pankov# [2] Nat'l Cheng Kung University 70th Anniversary Special Site: 683503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.ncku.edu.tw/~ncku70/menu/001/01_01.htm 684503609a9SYuri Pankov# [3] Yukio Niimi, The Standard Time in Japan (1997), p.475: 685503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.asj.or.jp/geppou/archive_open/1997/pdf/19971001c.pdf 686503609a9SYuri Pankov 687503609a9SYuri Pankov# Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-03): 688503609a9SYuri Pankov# I finally have found the real official gazette about changing back to 689503609a9SYuri Pankov# Western Standard Time on Sep 21 in Taiwan. It's Taiwan Governor-General 690503609a9SYuri Pankov# Bulletin No. 386 in Showa 20 years (1945), published on Sep 19, 1945. [1] ... 691503609a9SYuri Pankov# [It] abolishes Bulletin No. 207 in Showa 12 years (1937), which is a local 692503609a9SYuri Pankov# bulletin in Taiwan for that Ordinance No. 529. It also mentioned that 1am on 693503609a9SYuri Pankov# Sep 21, 1945 will be 12am on Sep 21. I think this bulletin is much more 694503609a9SYuri Pankov# official than the one I mentioned in my first mail, because it's from the 695503609a9SYuri Pankov# top-level government in Taiwan. If you're going to quote any resource, this 696503609a9SYuri Pankov# would be a good one. 697503609a9SYuri Pankov# [1] Taiwan Governor-General Gazette, No. 1018, Sep 19, 1945: 698503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://db2.th.gov.tw/db2/view/viewImg.php?imgcode=0072031018a&num=19&bgn=019&end=019&otherImg=&type=gener 699503609a9SYuri Pankov 700503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02): 701503609a9SYuri Pankov# In 1946, DST in Taiwan was from May 15 and ended on Sep 30. The info from 702503609a9SYuri Pankov# Central Weather Bureau website was not correct. 703503609a9SYuri Pankov# 704503609a9SYuri Pankov# Original Bulletin: 705503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=03502F0AKM1AF 706503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0350300AKM1B0 (cont.) 707503609a9SYuri Pankov# 708503609a9SYuri Pankov# In 1947, DST in Taiwan was expanded to Oct 31. There is a backup of that 709503609a9SYuri Pankov# telegram announcement from Taiwan Province Government: 710503609a9SYuri Pankov# 711503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0360310AKZ431 712503609a9SYuri Pankov# 713503609a9SYuri Pankov# Here is a brief translation: 714503609a9SYuri Pankov# 715503609a9SYuri Pankov# The Summer Time this year is adopted from midnight Apr 15 until Sep 20 716503609a9SYuri Pankov# midnight. To save (energy?) consumption, we're expanding Summer Time 717503609a9SYuri Pankov# adoption till Oct 31 midnight. 718503609a9SYuri Pankov# 719503609a9SYuri Pankov# The Central Weather Bureau website didn't mention that, however it can 720503609a9SYuri Pankov# be found from historical government announcement database. 721503609a9SYuri Pankov 722503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-03): 723503609a9SYuri Pankov# As per Yu-Cheng Chuang, say that Taiwan was at UT +09 from 1937-10-01 724503609a9SYuri Pankov# until 1945-09-21 at 01:00, overriding Shanks & Pottenger. 725503609a9SYuri Pankov# Likewise, use Yu-Cheng Chuang's data for DST in Taiwan. 726503609a9SYuri Pankov 727503609a9SYuri Pankov# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 728503609a9SYuri PankovRule Taiwan 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D 729503609a9SYuri PankovRule Taiwan 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 730503609a9SYuri PankovRule Taiwan 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D 731503609a9SYuri PankovRule Taiwan 1947 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 732503609a9SYuri PankovRule Taiwan 1948 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 733503609a9SYuri PankovRule Taiwan 1948 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 734503609a9SYuri PankovRule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D 735503609a9SYuri PankovRule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 736503609a9SYuri PankovRule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 737503609a9SYuri PankovRule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 738503609a9SYuri PankovRule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 739503609a9SYuri PankovRule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 740503609a9SYuri PankovRule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 741503609a9SYuri PankovRule Taiwan 1979 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 D 742503609a9SYuri PankovRule Taiwan 1979 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 743503609a9SYuri Pankov 744503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 745503609a9SYuri Pankov# Taipei or Taibei or T'ai-pei 746503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 Jan 1 747dafc4501SDan McDonald 8:00 - CST 1937 Oct 1 748503609a9SYuri Pankov 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 21 1:00 749503609a9SYuri Pankov 8:00 Taiwan C%sT 750503609a9SYuri Pankov 751503609a9SYuri Pankov# Macau (Macao, Aomen) 752503609a9SYuri Pankov# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 753dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 D 754dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 S 755dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 D 756dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 D 757dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 D 758dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 S 759dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 D 760dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 S 761dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 D 762dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 S 763dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 S 764dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 D 765dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 D 766dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 S 767*3508b934SYuri Pankov# See Europe/Lisbon for info about the 1912 transition. 768503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 769*3508b934SYuri PankovZone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1911 Dec 31 16:00u 770dafc4501SDan McDonald 8:00 Macau C%sT 771503609a9SYuri Pankov 772503609a9SYuri Pankov 773503609a9SYuri Pankov############################################################################### 774503609a9SYuri Pankov 775503609a9SYuri Pankov# Cyprus 776dafc4501SDan McDonald 777503609a9SYuri Pankov# Milne says the Eastern Telegraph Company used 2:14:00. Stick with LMT. 778dafc4501SDan McDonald# IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time. 779dafc4501SDan McDonald 780dafc4501SDan McDonald# From Paul Eggert (2016-09-09): 781dafc4501SDan McDonald# Yesterday's Cyprus Mail reports that Northern Cyprus followed Turkey's 782dafc4501SDan McDonald# lead and switched from +02/+03 to +03 year-round. 783dafc4501SDan McDonald# http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/09/08/two-time-zones-cyprus-turkey-will-not-turn-clocks-back-next-month/ 784503609a9SYuri Pankov# 785dafc4501SDan McDonald# From Even Scharning (2016-10-31): 786dafc4501SDan McDonald# Looks like the time zone split in Cyprus went through last night. 787dafc4501SDan McDonald# http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/10/30/cyprus-new-division-two-time-zones-now-reality/ 788dafc4501SDan McDonald 789b654b02dSYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18): 790b654b02dSYuri Pankov# Northern Cyprus will reinstate winter time on October 29, thus 791b654b02dSYuri Pankov# staying in sync with the rest of Cyprus. See: Anastasiou A. 792b654b02dSYuri Pankov# Cyprus to remain united in time. Cyprus Mail 2017-10-17. 793b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://cyprus-mail.com/2017/10/17/cyprus-remain-united-time/ 794b654b02dSYuri Pankov 795503609a9SYuri Pankov# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 796503609a9SYuri PankovRule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S 797503609a9SYuri PankovRule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 - 798503609a9SYuri PankovRule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 799503609a9SYuri PankovRule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 - 800503609a9SYuri PankovRule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 801503609a9SYuri PankovRule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 802503609a9SYuri PankovRule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 803503609a9SYuri PankovRule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 804503609a9SYuri PankovRule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 805503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 806503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14 807503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep 808503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 809dafc4501SDan McDonaldZone Asia/Famagusta 2:15:48 - LMT 1921 Nov 14 810dafc4501SDan McDonald 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep 811dafc4501SDan McDonald 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 2016 Sep 8 812b654b02dSYuri Pankov 3:00 - +03 2017 Oct 29 1:00u 813b654b02dSYuri Pankov 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 814503609a9SYuri Pankov 815503609a9SYuri Pankov# Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72. 816503609a9SYuri Pankov# However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe. 817503609a9SYuri PankovLink Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia 818503609a9SYuri Pankov 819503609a9SYuri Pankov# Georgia 820503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19): 821503609a9SYuri Pankov# Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward 822503609a9SYuri Pankov# an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze, 823503609a9SYuri Pankov# an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it! 824503609a9SYuri Pankov# We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall. 825503609a9SYuri Pankov# 826503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04): 827503609a9SYuri Pankov# Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia 828503609a9SYuri Pankov# will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy, 829503609a9SYuri Pankov# President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday. 830503609a9SYuri Pankov# 831503609a9SYuri Pankov# From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27): 832503609a9SYuri Pankov# 833503609a9SYuri Pankov# Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet 834503609a9SYuri Pankov# republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it 835503609a9SYuri Pankov# is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours 836503609a9SYuri Pankov# ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia, 837503609a9SYuri Pankov# Mikheil Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process 838503609a9SYuri Pankov# of integration into Europe. 839503609a9SYuri Pankov 840503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07): 841503609a9SYuri Pankov# Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on 842503609a9SYuri Pankov# [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years. 843503609a9SYuri Pankov# Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT 844503609a9SYuri Pankov# +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document 845503609a9SYuri Pankov# about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document, 846503609a9SYuri Pankov# because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time.... 847503609a9SYuri Pankov# I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our 848503609a9SYuri Pankov# DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month. 849503609a9SYuri Pankov 850503609a9SYuri Pankov# Milne 1899 says Tbilisi (Tiflis) time was 2:59:05.7. 851503609a9SYuri Pankov# Byalokoz 1919 says Georgia was 2:59:11. 852503609a9SYuri Pankov# Go with Byalokoz. 853503609a9SYuri Pankov 854503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 855503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:11 - LMT 1880 856503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:59:11 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time 857503609a9SYuri Pankov 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar 858503609a9SYuri Pankov 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 859503609a9SYuri Pankov 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1992 860503609a9SYuri Pankov 3:00 E-EurAsia +03/+04 1994 Sep lastSun 861503609a9SYuri Pankov 4:00 E-EurAsia +04/+05 1996 Oct lastSun 862503609a9SYuri Pankov 4:00 1:00 +05 1997 Mar lastSun 863503609a9SYuri Pankov 4:00 E-EurAsia +04/+05 2004 Jun 27 864503609a9SYuri Pankov 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00 865503609a9SYuri Pankov 4:00 - +04 866503609a9SYuri Pankov 867503609a9SYuri Pankov# East Timor 868503609a9SYuri Pankov 869503609a9SYuri Pankov# See Indonesia for the 1945 transition. 870503609a9SYuri Pankov 871503609a9SYuri Pankov# From João Carrascalão, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in 872503609a9SYuri Pankov# East Timor may be late for its millennium 873b654b02dSYuri Pankov# <https://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm> (1999-12-26/31): 874503609a9SYuri Pankov# Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun 875503609a9SYuri Pankov# rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the 876503609a9SYuri Pankov# Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it 877503609a9SYuri Pankov# conflicts with their way of life. 878503609a9SYuri Pankov 879503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04): 880503609a9SYuri Pankov# We don't have any record of the above attempt. 881503609a9SYuri Pankov# Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data. 882503609a9SYuri Pankov 883503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General 884503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/2000/00-08-16.undh.html 885503609a9SYuri Pankov# (2000-08-16): 886503609a9SYuri Pankov# The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided 887503609a9SYuri Pankov# today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change, 888503609a9SYuri Pankov# which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at 889503609a9SYuri Pankov# midnight on Saturday, September 16. 890503609a9SYuri Pankov 891503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 892503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 893dafc4501SDan McDonald 8:00 - +08 1942 Feb 21 23:00 894dafc4501SDan McDonald 9:00 - +09 1976 May 3 895dafc4501SDan McDonald 8:00 - +08 2000 Sep 17 0:00 896dafc4501SDan McDonald 9:00 - +09 897503609a9SYuri Pankov 898503609a9SYuri Pankov# India 899503609a9SYuri Pankov 900503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Ian P. Beacock, in "A brief history of (modern) time", The Atlantic 901b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/the-creation-of-modern-time/421419/ 902503609a9SYuri Pankov# (2015-12-22): 903503609a9SYuri Pankov# In January 1906, several thousand cotton-mill workers rioted on the 904503609a9SYuri Pankov# outskirts of Bombay.... They were protesting the proposed abolition of 905503609a9SYuri Pankov# local time in favor of Indian Standard Time.... Journalists called this 906503609a9SYuri Pankov# dispute the "Battle of the Clocks." It lasted nearly half a century. 907503609a9SYuri Pankov 908b654b02dSYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-20): 909b654b02dSYuri Pankov# Good luck trying to nail down old timekeeping records in India. 910b654b02dSYuri Pankov# "... in the nineteenth century ... Madras Observatory took its magnetic 911b654b02dSYuri Pankov# measurements on Göttingen time, its meteorological measurements on Madras 912b654b02dSYuri Pankov# (local) time, dropped its time ball on Greenwich (ocean navigator's) time, 913b654b02dSYuri Pankov# and distributed civil (local time)." -- Bartky IR. Selling the true time: 914b654b02dSYuri Pankov# 19th-century timekeeping in america. Stanford U Press (2000), 247 note 19. 915b654b02dSYuri Pankov# "A more potent cause of resistance to the general adoption of the present 916b654b02dSYuri Pankov# standard time lies in the fact that it is Madras time. The citizen of 917b654b02dSYuri Pankov# Bombay, proud of being 'primus in Indis' and of Calcutta, equally proud of 918b654b02dSYuri Pankov# his city being the Capital of India, and - for a part of the year - the Seat 919b654b02dSYuri Pankov# of the Supreme Government, alike look down on Madras, and refuse to change 920b654b02dSYuri Pankov# the time they are using, for that of what they regard as a benighted 921b654b02dSYuri Pankov# Presidency; while Madras, having for long given the standard time to the 922b654b02dSYuri Pankov# rest of India, would resist the adoption of any other Indian standard in its 923b654b02dSYuri Pankov# place." -- Oldham RD. On Time in India: a suggestion for its improvement. 924b654b02dSYuri Pankov# Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (April 1899), 49-55. 925b654b02dSYuri Pankov# 926b654b02dSYuri Pankov# "In 1870 ... Madras time - 'now used by the telegraph and regulated from the 927b654b02dSYuri Pankov# only government observatory' - was suggested as a standard railway time, 928b654b02dSYuri Pankov# first to be adopted on the Great Indian Peninsular Railway (GIPR).... 929b654b02dSYuri Pankov# Calcutta, Bombay, and Karachi, were to be allowed to continue with their 930b654b02dSYuri Pankov# local time for civil purposes." - Prasad R. Tracks of Change: Railways and 931b654b02dSYuri Pankov# Everyday Life in Colonial India. Cambridge University Press (2016), 145. 932b654b02dSYuri Pankov# 933b654b02dSYuri Pankov# Reed S, Low F. The Indian Year Book 1936-37. Bennett, Coleman, pp 27-8. 934b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.282212 935b654b02dSYuri Pankov# This lists +052110 as Madras local time used in railways, and says that on 936b654b02dSYuri Pankov# 1906-01-01 railways and telegraphs in India switched to +0530. Some 937b654b02dSYuri Pankov# municipalities retained their former time, and the time in Calcutta 938b654b02dSYuri Pankov# continued to depend on whether you were at the railway station or at 939b654b02dSYuri Pankov# government offices. Government time was at +055320 (according to Shanks) or 940b654b02dSYuri Pankov# at +0554 (according to the Indian Year Book). Railway time is more 941b654b02dSYuri Pankov# appropriate for our purposes, as it was better documented, it is what we do 942b654b02dSYuri Pankov# elsewhere (e.g., Europe/London before 1880), and after 1906 it was 943b654b02dSYuri Pankov# consistent in the region now identified by Asia/Kolkata. So, use railway 944b654b02dSYuri Pankov# time for 1870-1941. Shanks is our only (and dubious) source for the 945b654b02dSYuri Pankov# 1941-1945 data. 946b654b02dSYuri Pankov 947503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 948b654b02dSYuri PankovZone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1854 Jun 28 # Kolkata 949b654b02dSYuri Pankov 5:53:20 - HMT 1870 # Howrah Mean Time? 950b654b02dSYuri Pankov 5:21:10 - MMT 1906 Jan 1 # Madras local time 951b654b02dSYuri Pankov 5:30 - IST 1941 Oct 952b654b02dSYuri Pankov 5:30 1:00 +0630 1942 May 15 953503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 954dafc4501SDan McDonald 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 15 955503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:30 - IST 956b654b02dSYuri Pankov# Since 1970 the following are like Asia/Kolkata: 957503609a9SYuri Pankov# Andaman Is 958503609a9SYuri Pankov# Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is) 959503609a9SYuri Pankov# Nicobar Is 960503609a9SYuri Pankov 961503609a9SYuri Pankov# Indonesia 962503609a9SYuri Pankov# 963503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06): 964503609a9SYuri Pankov# The 1876 Report of the Secretary of the [US] Navy, p 306 says that Batavia 965503609a9SYuri Pankov# civil time was 7:07:12.5; round to even for Jakarta. 966503609a9SYuri Pankov# 967503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger: 968503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime 969503609a9SYuri Pankov# says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some 970503609a9SYuri Pankov# time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat 971503609a9SYuri Pankov# and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7. 972503609a9SYuri Pankov# 973503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10): 974503609a9SYuri Pankov# Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger. 975503609a9SYuri Pankov# JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in 976503609a9SYuri Pankov# Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and 977503609a9SYuri Pankov# other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus 978503609a9SYuri Pankov# September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore. 979503609a9SYuri Pankov# These would be the earliest possible times for a change. 980503609a9SYuri Pankov# Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Éditions 981503609a9SYuri Pankov# Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched 982503609a9SYuri Pankov# from UT +09 to +07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura 983503609a9SYuri Pankov# (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura 984503609a9SYuri Pankov# switched on 1945-09-23. 985503609a9SYuri Pankov# 986503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11): 987503609a9SYuri Pankov# Normally the tz database uses English-language abbreviations, but in 988503609a9SYuri Pankov# Indonesia it's typical to use Indonesian-language abbreviations even 989503609a9SYuri Pankov# when writing in English. For example, see the English-language 990503609a9SYuri Pankov# summary published by the Time and Frequency Laboratory of the 991503609a9SYuri Pankov# Research Center for Calibration, Instrumentation and Metrology, 992503609a9SYuri Pankov# Indonesia, <http://time.kim.lipi.go.id/time-eng.php> (2006-09-29). 993503609a9SYuri Pankov# The time zone abbreviations and UT offsets are: 994503609a9SYuri Pankov# 995503609a9SYuri Pankov# WIB - +07 - Waktu Indonesia Barat (Indonesia western time) 996503609a9SYuri Pankov# WITA - +08 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time) 997503609a9SYuri Pankov# WIT - +09 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time) 998503609a9SYuri Pankov# 999503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1000503609a9SYuri Pankov# Java, Sumatra 1001503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10 1002503609a9SYuri Pankov# Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13, 1003503609a9SYuri Pankov# but this must be a typo. 1004503609a9SYuri Pankov 7:07:12 - BMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Batavia 1005dafc4501SDan McDonald 7:20 - +0720 1932 Nov 1006dafc4501SDan McDonald 7:30 - +0730 1942 Mar 23 1007dafc4501SDan McDonald 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23 1008dafc4501SDan McDonald 7:30 - +0730 1948 May 1009dafc4501SDan McDonald 8:00 - +08 1950 May 1010dafc4501SDan McDonald 7:30 - +0730 1964 1011503609a9SYuri Pankov 7:00 - WIB 1012503609a9SYuri Pankov# west and central Borneo 1013503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May 1014503609a9SYuri Pankov 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT 1015dafc4501SDan McDonald 7:30 - +0730 1942 Jan 29 1016dafc4501SDan McDonald 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23 1017dafc4501SDan McDonald 7:30 - +0730 1948 May 1018dafc4501SDan McDonald 8:00 - +08 1950 May 1019dafc4501SDan McDonald 7:30 - +0730 1964 1020503609a9SYuri Pankov 8:00 - WITA 1988 Jan 1 1021503609a9SYuri Pankov 7:00 - WIB 1022503609a9SYuri Pankov# Sulawesi, Lesser Sundas, east and south Borneo 1023503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920 1024503609a9SYuri Pankov 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT 1025dafc4501SDan McDonald 8:00 - +08 1942 Feb 9 1026dafc4501SDan McDonald 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23 1027503609a9SYuri Pankov 8:00 - WITA 1028503609a9SYuri Pankov# Maluku Islands, West Papua, Papua 1029503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov 1030dafc4501SDan McDonald 9:00 - +09 1944 Sep 1 1031dafc4501SDan McDonald 9:30 - +0930 1964 1032503609a9SYuri Pankov 9:00 - WIT 1033503609a9SYuri Pankov 1034503609a9SYuri Pankov# Iran 1035503609a9SYuri Pankov 1036503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15): 1037503609a9SYuri Pankov# This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian). 1038503609a9SYuri Pankov# The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine: 1039503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1040503609a9SYuri Pankov# Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16] 1041503609a9SYuri Pankov# No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01] 1042503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1043503609a9SYuri Pankov# The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country 1044503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1045503609a9SYuri Pankov# The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14], 1046503609a9SYuri Pankov# based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13] 1047503609a9SYuri Pankov# of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs, 1048503609a9SYuri Pankov# and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers 1049503609a9SYuri Pankov# and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and 1050503609a9SYuri Pankov# for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that: 1051503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1052503609a9SYuri Pankov# The official time of the country will should move forward one hour 1053503609a9SYuri Pankov# at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return 1054503609a9SYuri Pankov# to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of 1055503609a9SYuri Pankov# Shahrivar. 1056503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1057503609a9SYuri Pankov# First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi 1058503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1059503609a9SYuri Pankov# From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed 1060503609a9SYuri Pankov# for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the 1061503609a9SYuri Pankov# date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last 1062503609a9SYuri Pankov# Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates.... 1063503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1064503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05): 1065503609a9SYuri Pankov# The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions 1066503609a9SYuri Pankov# that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic 1067503609a9SYuri Pankov# leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious 1068503609a9SYuri Pankov# plan to change that law.... 1069503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1070503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1071503609a9SYuri Pankov# Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter. 1072503609a9SYuri Pankov# I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates, 1073503609a9SYuri Pankov# stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow. 1074503609a9SYuri Pankov# That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar 1075503609a9SYuri Pankov# calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand. 1076503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1077503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future 1078503609a9SYuri Pankov# discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar: 1079503609a9SYuri Pankov# For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for 1080503609a9SYuri Pankov# the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local 1081503609a9SYuri Pankov# Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be 1082503609a9SYuri Pankov# known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer: 1083503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give 1084503609a9SYuri Pankov# no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant 1085503609a9SYuri Pankov# in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between 1086503609a9SYuri Pankov# arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058: 1087503609a9SYuri Pankov# vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of 1088503609a9SYuri Pankov# Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date 1089503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical). 1090503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1091503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22): 1092503609a9SYuri Pankov# Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore: 1093503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm 1094503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1095503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Nørgaard Welen: 1096503609a9SYuri Pankov# ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce 1097503609a9SYuri Pankov# daylight saving time ... 1098b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916 1099503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1100503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05): 1101503609a9SYuri Pankov# This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of 1102503609a9SYuri Pankov# Iran, Volume 63, No. 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24 1103503609a9SYuri Pankov# [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:... 1104503609a9SYuri Pankov# The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour 1105503609a9SYuri Pankov# on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will 1106503609a9SYuri Pankov# be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the 1107503609a9SYuri Pankov# thirtieth day of Shahrivar. 1108503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1109503609a9SYuri Pankov# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1110*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 - 1111*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - 1112*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 - 1113*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 - 1114*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 - 1115*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 - 1116*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 1117*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 - 1118*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 1119*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 - 1120*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 1121*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 - 1122*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 1123*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 - 1124*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 1125*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 - 1126*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 1127*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Iran 2005 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 - 1128*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Iran 2005 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 1129*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 - 1130*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 1131*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 - 1132*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 1133*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 - 1134*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 1135*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 - 1136*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 1137*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 - 1138*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 1139*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 - 1140*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 1141*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 - 1142*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 1143*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 - 1144*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 1145*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 - 1146*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 1147*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 - 1148*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 1149*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 - 1150*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 1151*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 - 1152*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 1153*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 - 1154*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 1155*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 - 1156*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 1157503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1158503609a9SYuri Pankov# The following rules are approximations starting in the year 2038. 1159503609a9SYuri Pankov# These are the best post-2037 approximations available, given the 1160503609a9SYuri Pankov# restrictions of a single rule using a Gregorian-based data format. 1161503609a9SYuri Pankov# At some point this table will need to be extended, though quite 1162503609a9SYuri Pankov# possibly Iran will change the rules first. 1163*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Iran 2036 max - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 - 1164*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Iran 2036 max - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 1165503609a9SYuri Pankov 1166503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1167503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916 1168503609a9SYuri Pankov 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time 1169dafc4501SDan McDonald 3:30 - +0330 1977 Nov 1170dafc4501SDan McDonald 4:00 Iran +04/+05 1979 1171dafc4501SDan McDonald 3:30 Iran +0330/+0430 1172503609a9SYuri Pankov 1173503609a9SYuri Pankov 1174503609a9SYuri Pankov# Iraq 1175503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1176503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12): 1177503609a9SYuri Pankov# An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in 1178503609a9SYuri Pankov# the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph: 1179503609a9SYuri Pankov# "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and 1180503609a9SYuri Pankov# are an hour ahead of Baghdad." 1181503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1182503609a9SYuri Pankov# But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows: 1183503609a9SYuri Pankov# In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi 1184503609a9SYuri Pankov# Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred 1185503609a9SYuri Pankov# to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone 1186503609a9SYuri Pankov# in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq. 1187503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1188503609a9SYuri Pankov# So we'll ignore the Economist's claim. 1189503609a9SYuri Pankov 1190503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10): 1191503609a9SYuri Pankov# The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following 1192503609a9SYuri Pankov# news sources (in Arabic): 1193503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html 1194503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10 1195503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1196503609a9SYuri Pankov# We have published a short article in English about the change: 1197b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html 1198503609a9SYuri Pankov 1199503609a9SYuri Pankov# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1200*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 - 1201*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1202*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 - 1203*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 - 1204*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 1205*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 - 1206503609a9SYuri Pankov# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the ':01' is a typo. 1207503609a9SYuri Pankov# Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this. 1208503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1209*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 - 1210*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 - 1211503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1212503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890 1213503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time? 1214dafc4501SDan McDonald 3:00 - +03 1982 May 1215dafc4501SDan McDonald 3:00 Iraq +03/+04 1216503609a9SYuri Pankov 1217503609a9SYuri Pankov 1218503609a9SYuri Pankov############################################################################### 1219503609a9SYuri Pankov 1220503609a9SYuri Pankov# Israel 1221503609a9SYuri Pankov 1222503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11): 1223503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1224503609a9SYuri Pankov# I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three 1225503609a9SYuri Pankov# different abbreviations in use: 1226503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1227503609a9SYuri Pankov# JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University] 1228503609a9SYuri Pankov# IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion] 1229503609a9SYuri Pankov# EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else] 1230503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1231503609a9SYuri Pankov# Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities, 1232503609a9SYuri Pankov# I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe, 1233503609a9SYuri Pankov# EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with 1234503609a9SYuri Pankov# any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go 1235503609a9SYuri Pankov# and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone 1236503609a9SYuri Pankov# settings in Israeli computers. 1237503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1238503609a9SYuri Pankov# In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India, 1239503609a9SYuri Pankov# high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's 1240503609a9SYuri Pankov# family is from India). 1241503609a9SYuri Pankov 1242503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Shanks & Pottenger: 1243503609a9SYuri Pankov# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1244503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 1245503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 1246503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1247503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1248503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 1249503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 1250503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D 1251503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 1252503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD 1253503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D 1254503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 1255503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 1256503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 1257503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S 1258503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1259503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S 1260503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D 1261503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S 1262503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D 1263503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S 1264503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D 1265503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S 1266503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D 1267503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S 1268503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D 1269503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S 1270503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D 1271503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1272503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D 1273503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S 1274503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D 1275503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S 1276503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D 1277503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S 1278503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D 1279503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S 1280503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D 1281503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 1282503609a9SYuri Pankov 1283503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Avigdor Finkelstein (2014-03-05): 1284503609a9SYuri Pankov# I check the Parliament (Knesset) records and there it's stated that the 1285503609a9SYuri Pankov# [1988] transition should take place on Saturday night, when the Sabbath 1286503609a9SYuri Pankov# ends and changes to Sunday. 1287503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1988 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 D 1288503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1988 only - Sep 4 0:00 0 S 1289503609a9SYuri Pankov 1290503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Ephraim Silverberg 1291503609a9SYuri Pankov# (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22, 1292503609a9SYuri Pankov# and 2005-02-17): 1293503609a9SYuri Pankov 1294503609a9SYuri Pankov# According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of 1295503609a9SYuri Pankov# Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes. 1296503609a9SYuri Pankov# One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150 1297503609a9SYuri Pankov# days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to 1298503609a9SYuri Pankov# daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to 1299503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a 1300503609a9SYuri Pankov# Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard 1301503609a9SYuri Pankov# time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard 1302503609a9SYuri Pankov# time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid 1303503609a9SYuri Pankov# conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to 1304503609a9SYuri Pankov# daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from 1305503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time 1306503609a9SYuri Pankov# was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for 1307503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was 1308503609a9SYuri Pankov# similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it 1309503609a9SYuri Pankov# will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all 1310503609a9SYuri Pankov# changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no 1311503609a9SYuri Pankov# rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date 1312503609a9SYuri Pankov# (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve 1313503609a9SYuri Pankov# of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date 1314503609a9SYuri Pankov# (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement] 1315503609a9SYuri Pankov# (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar). 1316503609a9SYuri Pankov 1317503609a9SYuri Pankov# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1318503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D 1319503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 1320503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D 1321503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S 1322503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D 1323503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S 1324503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D 1325503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 1326503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D 1327503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S 1328503609a9SYuri Pankov 1329503609a9SYuri Pankov# The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the 1330503609a9SYuri Pankov# Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by 1331503609a9SYuri Pankov# calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448. 1332503609a9SYuri Pankov 1333503609a9SYuri Pankov# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1334503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1335503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S 1336503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D 1337503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 1338503609a9SYuri Pankov 1339503609a9SYuri Pankov# The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the 1340503609a9SYuri Pankov# time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998 1341503609a9SYuri Pankov# (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at: 1342503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1343503609a9SYuri Pankov# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz 1344503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1345503609a9SYuri Pankov# The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa. 1346503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1347503609a9SYuri Pankov# The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at: 1348503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1349503609a9SYuri Pankov# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz 1350503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1351503609a9SYuri Pankov# where YYYY is the relevant year. 1352503609a9SYuri Pankov 1353503609a9SYuri Pankov# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1354503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D 1355503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S 1356503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1357503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S 1358503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D 1359503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 1360503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D 1361503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S 1362503609a9SYuri Pankov 1363503609a9SYuri Pankov# The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for 1364503609a9SYuri Pankov# the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the 1365503609a9SYuri Pankov# years 2001-2004 as well. 1366503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1367503609a9SYuri Pankov# The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at: 1368503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1369503609a9SYuri Pankov# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz 1370503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1371503609a9SYuri Pankov# The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates 1372503609a9SYuri Pankov# for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at: 1373503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1374503609a9SYuri Pankov# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz 1375503609a9SYuri Pankov 1376503609a9SYuri Pankov# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1377503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D 1378503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S 1379503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D 1380503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S 1381503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D 1382503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S 1383503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D 1384503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S 1385503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D 1386503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S 1387503609a9SYuri Pankov 1388503609a9SYuri Pankov# The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on 1389503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the 1390503609a9SYuri Pankov# last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April 1391503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday 1392503609a9SYuri Pankov# night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur. 1393503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1394503609a9SYuri Pankov# Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at: 1395503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1396503609a9SYuri Pankov# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps 1397503609a9SYuri Pankov 1398503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2012-10-26): 1399503609a9SYuri Pankov# I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program 1400503609a9SYuri Pankov# <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20) 1401503609a9SYuri Pankov# along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4, 1402503609a9SYuri Pankov# to generate the transitions from 2005 through 2012. 1403503609a9SYuri Pankov# (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.) 1404503609a9SYuri Pankov# The spring transitions all correspond to the following Rule: 1405503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1406503609a9SYuri Pankov# Rule Zion 2005 2012 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1407503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1408503609a9SYuri Pankov# but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support 1409503609a9SYuri Pankov# "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the 1410503609a9SYuri Pankov# springtime transitions explicitly. 1411503609a9SYuri Pankov 1412503609a9SYuri Pankov# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1413503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1414503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S 1415503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1416503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S 1417503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 1418503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S 1419503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S 1420503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 1421503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1422503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 1423503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 2012 only - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1424503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S 1425503609a9SYuri Pankov 1426503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Ephraim Silverberg (2013-06-27): 1427503609a9SYuri Pankov# On June 23, 2013, the Israeli government approved changes to the 1428503609a9SYuri Pankov# Time Decree Law. The next day, the changes passed the First Reading 1429503609a9SYuri Pankov# in the Knesset. The law is expected to pass the Second and Third 1430503609a9SYuri Pankov# (final) Readings by the beginning of September 2013. 1431503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1432503609a9SYuri Pankov# As of 2013, DST starts at 02:00 on the Friday before the last Sunday 1433503609a9SYuri Pankov# in March. DST ends at 02:00 on the last Sunday of October. 1434503609a9SYuri Pankov 1435503609a9SYuri Pankov# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1436503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 2013 max - Mar Fri>=23 2:00 1:00 D 1437503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 2013 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S 1438503609a9SYuri Pankov 1439503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1440503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:54 - LMT 1880 1441503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time? 1442503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 Zion I%sT 1443503609a9SYuri Pankov 1444503609a9SYuri Pankov 1445503609a9SYuri Pankov 1446503609a9SYuri Pankov############################################################################### 1447503609a9SYuri Pankov 1448503609a9SYuri Pankov# Japan 1449503609a9SYuri Pankov 1450503609a9SYuri Pankov# '9:00' and 'JST' is from Guy Harris. 1451503609a9SYuri Pankov 1452503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06): 1453503609a9SYuri Pankov# Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had 1454503609a9SYuri Pankov# daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but "the system was discontinued 1455503609a9SYuri Pankov# because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours." 1456503609a9SYuri Pankov 1457503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times: 1458503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm 1459503609a9SYuri Pankov# Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on 1460503609a9SYuri Pankov# [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of 1461503609a9SYuri Pankov# daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated 1462503609a9SYuri Pankov# deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to 1463503609a9SYuri Pankov# dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San 1464503609a9SYuri Pankov# Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53% 1465503609a9SYuri Pankov# of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who 1466503609a9SYuri Pankov# wanted to keep it.) 1467503609a9SYuri Pankov 14684dac00ceSAndy Fiddaman# From Takayuki Nikai (2018-01-19): 14694dac00ceSAndy Fiddaman# The source of information is Japanese law. 14704dac00ceSAndy Fiddaman# http://www.shugiin.go.jp/internet/itdb_housei.nsf/html/houritsu/00219480428029.htm 14714dac00ceSAndy Fiddaman# http://www.shugiin.go.jp/internet/itdb_housei.nsf/html/houritsu/00719500331039.htm 14724dac00ceSAndy Fiddaman# ... In summary, it is written as follows. From 24:00 on the first Saturday 14734dac00ceSAndy Fiddaman# in May, until 0:00 on the day after the second Saturday in September. 1474503609a9SYuri Pankov# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 14754dac00ceSAndy FiddamanRule Japan 1948 only - May Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D 14764dac00ceSAndy FiddamanRule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sun>=9 0:00 0 S 14774dac00ceSAndy FiddamanRule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D 14784dac00ceSAndy FiddamanRule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D 1479503609a9SYuri Pankov 1480503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09): 1481503609a9SYuri Pankov# 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical 1482*3508b934SYuri Pankov# Observatory: 139° 44' 40.90" E (9h 18m 58.727s), 35° 39' 16.0" N. 1483503609a9SYuri Pankov# This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996' 1484503609a9SYuri Pankov# edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan.... 1485503609a9SYuri Pankov# JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST). 1486503609a9SYuri Pankov# The law is enacted on 1886-07-07. 1487503609a9SYuri Pankov 1488503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16): 1489503609a9SYuri Pankov# The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan, 1490*3508b934SYuri Pankov# which stands for the time on 135° E. 1491503609a9SYuri Pankov# In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central 1492503609a9SYuri Pankov# standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard 1493*3508b934SYuri Pankov# time", which stands for the time on 120° E.... But "western standard 1494503609a9SYuri Pankov# time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No. 1495503609a9SYuri Pankov# 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is 1496503609a9SYuri Pankov# standard.... 1497503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1498503609a9SYuri Pankov# I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate. 1499503609a9SYuri Pankov# In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor. 1500503609a9SYuri Pankov 1501503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12): 1502503609a9SYuri Pankov# ...the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of Meiji Year 28 "The clause 1503503609a9SYuri Pankov# about standard time" ... The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. 1504b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時) 1505503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1506503609a9SYuri Pankov# ...the Showa Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 ... which 1507503609a9SYuri Pankov# means the whole Japan territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan 15084b8ee424SYuri Pankov# Central Time (UT+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. 1509b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件 1510503609a9SYuri Pankov 1511503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1512503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u 1513503609a9SYuri Pankov 9:00 Japan J%sT 1514503609a9SYuri Pankov# Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo. 1515503609a9SYuri Pankov 1516503609a9SYuri Pankov# Jordan 1517503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1518503609a9SYuri Pankov# From <http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html> 1519503609a9SYuri Pankov# Jordan Week (1999-07-01) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1520503609a9SYuri Pankov# Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight, 1521503609a9SYuri Pankov# in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time 1522503609a9SYuri Pankov# all year round. 1523503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1524503609a9SYuri Pankov# From <http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html> 1525503609a9SYuri Pankov# Jordan Week (1999-09-30) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09): 1526503609a9SYuri Pankov# Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back 1527503609a9SYuri Pankov# by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final! 1528503609a9SYuri Pankov# The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in 1529503609a9SYuri Pankov# government's departments from six to seven hours. 1530503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1531503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 1532503609a9SYuri Pankov# Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 1533503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1534503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 1535503609a9SYuri Pankov# For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year 1536503609a9SYuri Pankov# about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year. 1537503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1538503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi: 1539503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm 1540503609a9SYuri Pankov# "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27". 1541503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1542503609a9SYuri Pankov 1543503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02): 1544503609a9SYuri Pankov# This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic): 1545503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279 1546503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1547503609a9SYuri Pankov# Google's translation: 1548503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1549503609a9SYuri Pankov# > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely 1550503609a9SYuri Pankov# > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday 1551503609a9SYuri Pankov# > of the month of March of each year. 1552503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1553503609a9SYuri Pankov# So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002. 1554503609a9SYuri Pankov 1555503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06): 1556503609a9SYuri Pankov# We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001. 1557503609a9SYuri Pankov 1558503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-10-25): 1559503609a9SYuri Pankov# Yesterday the government in Jordan announced that they will not 1560503609a9SYuri Pankov# switch back to standard time this winter, so the will stay on DST 1561503609a9SYuri Pankov# until about the same time next year (at least). 1562503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=88950 1563503609a9SYuri Pankov 1564503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-12-11): 1565503609a9SYuri Pankov# Jordan Times and other sources say that Jordan is going back to 1566503609a9SYuri Pankov# UTC+2 on 2013-12-19 at midnight: 1567503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://jordantimes.com/govt-decides-to-switch-back-to-wintertime 1568503609a9SYuri Pankov# Official, in Arabic: 1569503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.petra.gov.jo/public_news/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?Menu_ID=&Site_Id=2&lang=1&NewsID=133230&CatID=14 1570503609a9SYuri Pankov# ... Our background/permalink about it 1571b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/jordan-reverses-dst-decision.html 1572503609a9SYuri Pankov# ... 1573503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?lang=2&site_id=1&NewsID=133313&Type=P 1574503609a9SYuri Pankov# ... says midnight for the coming one and 1:00 for the ones in the future 1575503609a9SYuri Pankov# (and they will use DST again next year, using the normal schedule). 1576503609a9SYuri Pankov 1577503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2013-12-11): 1578503609a9SYuri Pankov# As Steffen suggested, consider the past 21-month experiment to be DST. 1579503609a9SYuri Pankov 1580503609a9SYuri Pankov# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1581503609a9SYuri PankovRule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S 1582503609a9SYuri PankovRule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1583503609a9SYuri PankovRule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1584503609a9SYuri PankovRule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1585503609a9SYuri PankovRule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1586503609a9SYuri PankovRule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1587503609a9SYuri PankovRule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1588503609a9SYuri PankovRule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1589503609a9SYuri PankovRule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1590503609a9SYuri PankovRule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1591503609a9SYuri PankovRule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 1592503609a9SYuri PankovRule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S 1593503609a9SYuri PankovRule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S 1594503609a9SYuri PankovRule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S 1595503609a9SYuri PankovRule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 1596503609a9SYuri PankovRule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S 1597503609a9SYuri PankovRule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 1598503609a9SYuri PankovRule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1599503609a9SYuri PankovRule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 1600503609a9SYuri PankovRule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 - 1601503609a9SYuri PankovRule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1602503609a9SYuri PankovRule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1603503609a9SYuri PankovRule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S 1604503609a9SYuri PankovRule Jordan 2002 2012 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 1605503609a9SYuri PankovRule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 - 1606503609a9SYuri PankovRule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 - 1607503609a9SYuri PankovRule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1608503609a9SYuri PankovRule Jordan 2006 2011 - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1609503609a9SYuri PankovRule Jordan 2013 only - Dec 20 0:00 0 - 1610503609a9SYuri PankovRule Jordan 2014 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 1611503609a9SYuri PankovRule Jordan 2014 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1612503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1613503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931 1614503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1615503609a9SYuri Pankov 1616503609a9SYuri Pankov 1617503609a9SYuri Pankov# Kazakhstan 1618503609a9SYuri Pankov 1619503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin No. 11 1620503609a9SYuri Pankov# <http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm> (2005-03-21): 1621503609a9SYuri Pankov# The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing 1622503609a9SYuri Pankov# daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health 1623503609a9SYuri Pankov# complications coupled with a decrease in productivity. 1624503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1625503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28): 1626503609a9SYuri Pankov# ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone 1627503609a9SYuri Pankov# was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has 1628503609a9SYuri Pankov# two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone 1629503609a9SYuri Pankov# closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the 1630dafc4501SDan McDonald# same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtöbe, Atyraū, 1631dafc4501SDan McDonald# Mangghystaū, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses 1632503609a9SYuri Pankov# everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones 1633503609a9SYuri Pankov# de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively. 1634503609a9SYuri Pankov 1635dafc4501SDan McDonald# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-27): 1636503609a9SYuri Pankov# Review of the linked documents from http://adilet.zan.kz/ 1637503609a9SYuri Pankov# produced the following data for post-1991 Kazakhstan: 1638503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1639503609a9SYuri Pankov# 0. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the USSR 1640503609a9SYuri Pankov# from 1991-02-04 No. 20 1641503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102010545 1642503609a9SYuri Pankov# removed the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of the USSR 1643503609a9SYuri Pankov# starting with the last Sunday of March 1991. 1644503609a9SYuri Pankov# It also allowed (but not mandated) Kazakh SSR, Kirghiz SSR, Tajik SSR, 1645503609a9SYuri Pankov# Turkmen SSR and Uzbek SSR to not have "summer" time. 1646503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1647503609a9SYuri Pankov# The 1992-01-13 act also refers to the act of the Cabinet of Ministers 1648503609a9SYuri Pankov# of the Kazakh SSR from 1991-03-20 No. 170 "About the act of the Cabinet 1649503609a9SYuri Pankov# of Ministers of the USSR from 1991-02-04 No. 20" but I didn't found its 1650503609a9SYuri Pankov# text. 1651503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1652503609a9SYuri Pankov# According to Izvestia newspaper No. 68 (23334) from 1991-03-20 1653503609a9SYuri Pankov# (page 6; available at http://libinfo.org/newsr/newsr2574.djvu via 1654503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://libinfo.org/index.php?id=58564) on 1991-03-31 at 2:00 during 1655503609a9SYuri Pankov# transition to "summer" time: 1656503609a9SYuri Pankov# Republic of Georgia, Latvian SSR, Lithuanian SSR, SSR Moldova, 1657503609a9SYuri Pankov# Estonian SSR; Komi ASSR; Kaliningrad oblast; Nenets autonomous okrug 1658503609a9SYuri Pankov# were to move clocks 1 hour forward. 1659503609a9SYuri Pankov# Kazakh SSR (excluding Uralsk oblast); Republic of Kyrgyzstan, Tajik 1660503609a9SYuri Pankov# SSR; Andijan, Jizzakh, Namangan, Sirdarya, Tashkent, Fergana oblasts 1661503609a9SYuri Pankov# of the Uzbek SSR were to move clocks 1 hour backwards. 1662503609a9SYuri Pankov# Other territories were to not move clocks. 1663503609a9SYuri Pankov# When the "summer" time would end on 1991-09-29, clocks were to be 1664503609a9SYuri Pankov# moved 1 hour backwards on the territory of the USSR excluding 1665503609a9SYuri Pankov# Kazakhstan, Kirghizia, Uzbekistan, Turkmenia, Tajikistan. 1666503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1667503609a9SYuri Pankov# Apparently there were last minute changes. Apparently Kazakh act No. 170 1668503609a9SYuri Pankov# was one of such changes. 1669503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1670503609a9SYuri Pankov# https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Декретное время 1671503609a9SYuri Pankov# claims that Sovetskaya Rossiya newspaper on 1991-03-29 published that 1672503609a9SYuri Pankov# Nenets autonomous okrug, Komi and Kazakhstan (excluding Uralsk oblast) 1673503609a9SYuri Pankov# were to not move clocks and Uralsk oblast was to move clocks 1674503609a9SYuri Pankov# forward; on 1991-09-29 Kazakhstan was to move clocks backwards. 1675503609a9SYuri Pankov# (Probably there were changes even after that publication. There is an 1676503609a9SYuri Pankov# article claiming that Kaliningrad oblast decided on 1991-03-29 to not 1677503609a9SYuri Pankov# move clocks.) 1678503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1679503609a9SYuri Pankov# This implies that on 1991-03-31 Asia/Oral remained on +04/+05 while 1680503609a9SYuri Pankov# the rest of Kazakhstan switched from +06/+07 to +05/06 or from +05/06 1681dafc4501SDan McDonald# to +04/+05. It's unclear how Qyzylorda oblast moved into the fifth 1682503609a9SYuri Pankov# time belt. (By switching from +04/+05 to +05/+06 on 1991-09-29?) ... 1683503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1684503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1685503609a9SYuri Pankov# from 1992-01-13 No. 28 1686503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000028_ 1687503609a9SYuri Pankov# (text includes modification from the 1996 act) 1688503609a9SYuri Pankov# introduced new rules for calculation of time, mirroring Russian 1689503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1992-01-08 act. It specified that time would be calculated 1690503609a9SYuri Pankov# according to time belts plus extra hour ("decree time"), moved clocks 1691503609a9SYuri Pankov# on the whole territory of Kazakhstan 1 hour forward on 1992-01-19 at 1692503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2:00, specified DST rules. It acknowledged that Kazakhstan was 1693503609a9SYuri Pankov# located in the fourth and the fifth time belts and specified the 1694dafc4501SDan McDonald# border between them to be located east of Qostanay and Aktyubinsk 1695dafc4501SDan McDonald# oblasts (notably including Turgai and Qyzylorda oblasts into the fifth 1696503609a9SYuri Pankov# time belt). 1697503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1698503609a9SYuri Pankov# This means switch on 1992-01-19 at 2:00 from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for 1699dafc4501SDan McDonald# Asia/Aqtau, Asia/Aqtobe, Asia/Oral, Atyraū and Qostanay oblasts; from 1700dafc4501SDan McDonald# +05/+06 to +06/+07 for Asia/Almaty and Asia/Qyzylorda (and Arkalyk).... 1701503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1702503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1703503609a9SYuri Pankov# from 1992-03-27 No. 284 1704503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000284_ 1705dafc4501SDan McDonald# cancels extra hour ("decree time") for Uralsk and Qyzylorda oblasts 1706503609a9SYuri Pankov# since the last Sunday of March 1992, while keeping them in the fourth 1707503609a9SYuri Pankov# and the fifth time belts respectively. 1708503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1709503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3. Order of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1710503609a9SYuri Pankov# from 1994-09-23 No. 384 1711503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/R940000384_ 1712dafc4501SDan McDonald# cancels the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of Mangghystaū 1713503609a9SYuri Pankov# oblast since the last Sunday of September 1994 (saying that time on 1714503609a9SYuri Pankov# the territory would correspond to the third time belt as a 1715503609a9SYuri Pankov# result).... 1716503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1717503609a9SYuri Pankov# 4. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1718503609a9SYuri Pankov# from 1996-05-08 No. 575 1719503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P960000575_ 1720503609a9SYuri Pankov# amends the 1992-01-13 act to end summer time in October instead 1721503609a9SYuri Pankov# of September, mirroring identical Russian change from 1996-04-23 act. 1722503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1723503609a9SYuri Pankov# 5. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1724503609a9SYuri Pankov# from 1999-03-26 No. 305 1725503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P990000305_ 1726dafc4501SDan McDonald# cancels the extra hour ("decree time") for Atyraū oblast since the 1727503609a9SYuri Pankov# last Sunday of March 1999 while retaining the oblast in the fourth 1728503609a9SYuri Pankov# time belt. 1729503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1730dafc4501SDan McDonald# This means change from +05/+06 to +04/+05.... 1731503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1732503609a9SYuri Pankov# 6. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1733503609a9SYuri Pankov# from 2000-11-23 No. 1749 1734503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P000001749_/23.11.2000 1735503609a9SYuri Pankov# replaces the previous five documents. 1736503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1737503609a9SYuri Pankov# The only changes I noticed are in definition of the border between the 1738503609a9SYuri Pankov# fourth and the fifth time belts. They account for changes in spelling 1739503609a9SYuri Pankov# and administrative division (splitting of Turgai oblast in 1997 1740dafc4501SDan McDonald# probably changed time in territories incorporated into Qostanay oblast 1741dafc4501SDan McDonald# (including Arkalyk) from +06/+07 to +05/+06) and move Qyzylorda oblast 1742503609a9SYuri Pankov# from being in the fifth time belt and not using decree time into the 1743dafc4501SDan McDonald# fourth time belt (no change in practice). 1744503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1745503609a9SYuri Pankov# 7. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1746503609a9SYuri Pankov# from 2003-12-29 No. 1342 1747503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P030001342_ 1748503609a9SYuri Pankov# modified the 2000-11-23 act. No relevant changes, apparently. 1749503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1750503609a9SYuri Pankov# 8. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1751503609a9SYuri Pankov# from 2004-07-20 No. 775 1752503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P040000775_/20.07.2004 1753dafc4501SDan McDonald# modified the 2000-11-23 act to move Qostanay and Qyzylorda oblasts into 1754503609a9SYuri Pankov# the fifth time belt and add Aktobe oblast to the list of regions not 1755503609a9SYuri Pankov# using extra hour ("decree time"), leaving Kazakhstan with only 2 time 1756503609a9SYuri Pankov# zones (+04/+05 and +06/+07). The changes were to be implemented 1757503609a9SYuri Pankov# during DST transitions in 2004 and 2005 but the acts got radically 1758503609a9SYuri Pankov# amended before implementation happened. 1759503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1760503609a9SYuri Pankov# 9. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1761503609a9SYuri Pankov# from 2004-09-15 No. 1059 1762503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P040001059_ 1763503609a9SYuri Pankov# modified the 2000-11-23 act to remove exceptions from the "decree time" 1764503609a9SYuri Pankov# (leaving Kazakhstan in +05/+06 and +06/+07 zones), amended the 1765dafc4501SDan McDonald# 2004-07-20 act to implement changes for Atyraū, West Kazakhstan, 1766dafc4501SDan McDonald# Qostanay, Qyzylorda and Mangghystaū oblasts by not moving clocks 1767dafc4501SDan McDonald# during the 2004 transition to "winter" time. 1768503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1769dafc4501SDan McDonald# This means transition from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for Atyraū oblast (no 1770503609a9SYuri Pankov# zone currently), Asia/Oral, Asia/Aqtau and transition from +05/+06 to 1771dafc4501SDan McDonald# +06/+07 for Qostanay oblast (Qostanay and Arkalyk, no zones currently) 1772dafc4501SDan McDonald# and Asia/Qyzylorda on 2004-10-31 at 3:00.... 1773503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1774503609a9SYuri Pankov# 10. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1775503609a9SYuri Pankov# from 2005-03-15 No. 231 1776503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P050000231_ 1777503609a9SYuri Pankov# removes DST provisions from the 2000-11-23 act, removes most of the 1778503609a9SYuri Pankov# (already implemented) provisions from the 2004-07-20 and 2004-09-15 1779503609a9SYuri Pankov# acts, comes into effect 10 days after official publication. 1780503609a9SYuri Pankov# The only practical effect seems to be the abolition of the summer 1781503609a9SYuri Pankov# time. 1782503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1783503609a9SYuri Pankov# Unamended version of the act of the Government of the Russian Federation 1784503609a9SYuri Pankov# No. 23 from 1992-01-08 [See 'europe' file for details]. 1785503609a9SYuri Pankov# Kazakh 1992-01-13 act appears to provide the same rules and 1992-03-27 1786503609a9SYuri Pankov# act was to be enacted on the last Sunday of March 1992. 1787503609a9SYuri Pankov 1788dafc4501SDan McDonald# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-11-08): 1789dafc4501SDan McDonald# Turgai reorganization should affect only southern part of Qostanay 1790dafc4501SDan McDonald# oblast. Which should probably be separated into Asia/Arkalyk zone. 1791dafc4501SDan McDonald# (There were also 1970, 1988 and 1990 Turgai oblast reorganizations 1792dafc4501SDan McDonald# according to wikipedia.) 1793503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1794dafc4501SDan McDonald# [For Qostanay] http://www.ng.kz/gazeta/195/hranit/ 1795dafc4501SDan McDonald# suggests that clocks were to be moved 40 minutes backwards on 1796dafc4501SDan McDonald# 1920-01-01 to the fourth time belt. But I do not understand 1797dafc4501SDan McDonald# how that could happen.... 1798dafc4501SDan McDonald# 1799dafc4501SDan McDonald# [For Atyrau and Oral] 1919 decree 1800dafc4501SDan McDonald# (http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-1919-02-08.html 1801dafc4501SDan McDonald# and in Byalokoz) lists Ural river (plus 10 versts on its left bank) in 1802dafc4501SDan McDonald# the third time belt (before 1930 this means +03). 1803dafc4501SDan McDonald 1804dafc4501SDan McDonald# From Paul Eggert (2016-12-06): 1805dafc4501SDan McDonald# The tables below reflect Golosunov's remarks, with exceptions as noted. 1806dafc4501SDan McDonald 1807503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1808503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1809503609a9SYuri Pankov# Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan 1810503609a9SYuri Pankov# This includes KZ-AKM, KZ-ALA, KZ-ALM, KZ-AST, KZ-BAY, KZ-VOS, KZ-ZHA, 1811503609a9SYuri Pankov# KZ-KAR, KZ-SEV, KZ-PAV, and KZ-YUZ. 1812503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata 1813503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 1814503609a9SYuri Pankov 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1815503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1816503609a9SYuri Pankov 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 1817503609a9SYuri Pankov 6:00 - +06 1818503609a9SYuri Pankov# Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) (KZ-KZY) 1819dafc4501SDan McDonald# This currently includes Qostanay (aka Kostanay, Kustanay) (KZ-KUS); 1820dafc4501SDan McDonald# see comments below. 1821503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2 1822503609a9SYuri Pankov 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 1823503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 1824503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 1825503609a9SYuri Pankov 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 1826503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1827503609a9SYuri Pankov 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1828503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1829503609a9SYuri Pankov 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 1830503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 1831503609a9SYuri Pankov 6:00 - +06 1832dafc4501SDan McDonald# The following zone is like Asia/Qyzylorda except for being one 1833dafc4501SDan McDonald# hour earlier from 1991-09-29 to 1992-03-29. The 1991/2 rules for 1834dafc4501SDan McDonald# Qostanay are unclear partly because of the 1997 Turgai 1835dafc4501SDan McDonald# reorganization, so this zone is commented out for now. 1836dafc4501SDan McDonald#Zone Asia/Qostanay 4:14:20 - LMT 1924 May 2 1837dafc4501SDan McDonald# 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 1838dafc4501SDan McDonald# 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 1839dafc4501SDan McDonald# 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 1840dafc4501SDan McDonald# 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 1841dafc4501SDan McDonald# 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1842dafc4501SDan McDonald# 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1843dafc4501SDan McDonald# 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 1844dafc4501SDan McDonald# 6:00 - +06 1845dafc4501SDan McDonald# 1846dafc4501SDan McDonald# Aqtöbe (aka Aktobe, formerly Aktyubinsk) (KZ-AKT) 1847503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2 1848503609a9SYuri Pankov 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 1849503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 1850503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 1851503609a9SYuri Pankov 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 1852503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1853503609a9SYuri Pankov 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1854503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 1855503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 - +05 1856dafc4501SDan McDonald# Mangghystaū (KZ-MAN) 1857503609a9SYuri Pankov# Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region, 1858503609a9SYuri Pankov# so include time stamps before 1963. 1859503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2 1860503609a9SYuri Pankov 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 1861503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 - +05 1981 Oct 1 1862503609a9SYuri Pankov 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 1863503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1864503609a9SYuri Pankov 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1865503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1994 Sep 25 2:00s 1866503609a9SYuri Pankov 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 1867503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 - +05 1868dafc4501SDan McDonald# Atyraū (KZ-ATY) is like Mangghystaū except it switched from 1869dafc4501SDan McDonald# +04/+05 to +05/+06 in spring 1999, not fall 1994. 1870dafc4501SDan McDonaldZone Asia/Atyrau 3:27:44 - LMT 1924 May 2 1871dafc4501SDan McDonald 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 1872dafc4501SDan McDonald 5:00 - +05 1981 Oct 1 1873dafc4501SDan McDonald 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 1874dafc4501SDan McDonald 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1875dafc4501SDan McDonald 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1876dafc4501SDan McDonald 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1999 Mar 28 2:00s 1877dafc4501SDan McDonald 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 1878dafc4501SDan McDonald 5:00 - +05 1879503609a9SYuri Pankov# West Kazakhstan (KZ-ZAP) 1880503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 1881503609a9SYuri Pankov# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 1882503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk 1883dafc4501SDan McDonald 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 1884503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 1885503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 1886503609a9SYuri Pankov 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 1887503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 1888503609a9SYuri Pankov 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1889503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 1890503609a9SYuri Pankov 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 1891503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 - +05 1892503609a9SYuri Pankov 1893503609a9SYuri Pankov# Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan) 1894503609a9SYuri Pankov# Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger. 1895503609a9SYuri Pankov 1896503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15): 1897503609a9SYuri Pankov# According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway 1898503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml 1899503609a9SYuri Pankov# Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article 1900503609a9SYuri Pankov# to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC. 1901503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21): 1902503609a9SYuri Pankov# Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005. 1903503609a9SYuri Pankov# From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving. 1904503609a9SYuri Pankov 1905503609a9SYuri Pankov# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1906*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 - 1907503609a9SYuri PankovRule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1908*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 - 1909503609a9SYuri PankovRule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 - 1910503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1911503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 1912503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 1913503609a9SYuri Pankov 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1914503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Aug 31 2:00 1915503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 Kyrgyz +05/+06 2005 Aug 12 1916503609a9SYuri Pankov 6:00 - +06 1917503609a9SYuri Pankov 1918503609a9SYuri Pankov############################################################################### 1919503609a9SYuri Pankov 1920503609a9SYuri Pankov# Korea (North and South) 1921503609a9SYuri Pankov 1922503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10): 1923503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=200607100012 1924503609a9SYuri Pankov# Korea ran a daylight saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it 1925503609a9SYuri Pankov# during the 1950-53 Korean War. The system was temporarily enforced 1926503609a9SYuri Pankov# between 1987 and 1988 ... 1927503609a9SYuri Pankov 1928503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Sanghyuk Jung (2014-10-29): 1929b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021830.html 1930503609a9SYuri Pankov# According to the Korean Wikipedia 1931b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/한국_표준시 1932503609a9SYuri Pankov# [oldid=12896437 2014-09-04 08:03 UTC] 1933503609a9SYuri Pankov# DST in Republic of Korea was as follows.... And I checked old 1934503609a9SYuri Pankov# newspapers in Korean, all articles correspond with data in Wikipedia. 1935503609a9SYuri Pankov# For example, the article in 1948 (Korean Language) proved that DST 1936503609a9SYuri Pankov# started at June 1 in that year. For another example, the article in 1937503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1988 said that DST started at 2:00 AM in that year. 1938503609a9SYuri Pankov 1939503609a9SYuri Pankov# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1940503609a9SYuri PankovRule ROK 1948 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 1941503609a9SYuri PankovRule ROK 1948 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 1942503609a9SYuri PankovRule ROK 1949 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 D 1943503609a9SYuri PankovRule ROK 1949 1951 - Sep Sun>=8 0:00 0 S 1944503609a9SYuri PankovRule ROK 1950 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1945503609a9SYuri PankovRule ROK 1951 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 D 1946503609a9SYuri PankovRule ROK 1955 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 D 1947503609a9SYuri PankovRule ROK 1955 only - Sep 9 0:00 0 S 1948503609a9SYuri PankovRule ROK 1956 only - May 20 0:00 1:00 D 1949503609a9SYuri PankovRule ROK 1956 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S 1950503609a9SYuri PankovRule ROK 1957 1960 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D 1951503609a9SYuri PankovRule ROK 1957 1960 - Sep Sun>=18 0:00 0 S 1952503609a9SYuri PankovRule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D 1953503609a9SYuri PankovRule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 3:00 0 S 1954503609a9SYuri Pankov 1955503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2016-08-23): 1956503609a9SYuri Pankov# The Korean Wikipedia entry gives the following sources for UT offsets: 1957503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1958503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1908: Official Journal Article No. 3994 (decree No. 5) 1959503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1912: Governor-General of Korea Official Gazette Issue No. 367 1960503609a9SYuri Pankov# (Announcement No. 338) 1961503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1954: Presidential Decree No. 876 (1954-03-17) 1962503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1961: Law No. 676 (1961-08-07) 1963503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1964503609a9SYuri Pankov# (Another source "1987: Law No. 3919 (1986-12-31)" was in the 2014-10-30 1965503609a9SYuri Pankov# edition of the Korean Wikipedia entry.) 1966503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1967503609a9SYuri Pankov# I guessed that time zone abbreviations through 1945 followed the same 1968503609a9SYuri Pankov# rules as discussed under Taiwan, with nominal switches from JST to KST 1969503609a9SYuri Pankov# when the respective cities were taken over by the Allies after WWII. 1970503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1971503609a9SYuri Pankov# For Pyongyang, guess no changes from World War II until 2015, as we 1972503609a9SYuri Pankov# have no information otherwise. 1973503609a9SYuri Pankov 1974503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-08-07): 1975503609a9SYuri Pankov# According to many news sources, North Korea is going to change to 1976503609a9SYuri Pankov# the 8:30 time zone on August 15, one example: 1977503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-33815049 1978503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1979503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2015-08-15): 1980503609a9SYuri Pankov# Bells rang out midnight (00:00) Friday as part of the celebrations. See: 1981503609a9SYuri Pankov# Talmadge E. North Korea celebrates new time zone, 'Pyongyang Time' 1982503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://news.yahoo.com/north-korea-celebrates-time-zone-pyongyang-time-164038128.html 1983503609a9SYuri Pankov# There is no common English-language abbreviation for this time zone. 1984503609a9SYuri Pankov# Use KST, as that's what we already use for 1954-1961 in ROK. 1985503609a9SYuri Pankov 1986*3508b934SYuri Pankov# From Kang Seonghoon (2018-04-29): 1987*3508b934SYuri Pankov# North Korea will revert its time zone from UTC+8:30 (PYT; Pyongyang 1988*3508b934SYuri Pankov# Time) back to UTC+9 (KST; Korea Standard Time). 1989*3508b934SYuri Pankov# 1990*3508b934SYuri Pankov# From Seo Sanghyeon (2018-04-30): 1991*3508b934SYuri Pankov# Rodong Sinmun 2018-04-30 announced Pyongyang Time transition plan. 1992*3508b934SYuri Pankov# https://www.nknews.org/kcna/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2018/04/rodong-2018-04-30.pdf 1993*3508b934SYuri Pankov# ... the transition date is 2018-05-05 ... Citation should be Decree 1994*3508b934SYuri Pankov# No. 2232 of April 30, 2018, of the Presidium of the Supreme People's 1995*3508b934SYuri Pankov# Assembly, as published in Rodong Sinmun. 1996*3508b934SYuri Pankov# From Tim Parenti (2018-04-29): 1997*3508b934SYuri Pankov# It appears to be the front page story at the top in the right-most column. 1998*3508b934SYuri Pankov 1999503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2000503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1908 Apr 1 2001503609a9SYuri Pankov 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1 2002503609a9SYuri Pankov 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 8 2003503609a9SYuri Pankov 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21 2004503609a9SYuri Pankov 8:30 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10 2005503609a9SYuri Pankov 9:00 ROK K%sT 2006503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1908 Apr 1 2007503609a9SYuri Pankov 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1 2008503609a9SYuri Pankov 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 24 2009503609a9SYuri Pankov 9:00 - KST 2015 Aug 15 00:00 2010*3508b934SYuri Pankov 8:30 - KST 2018 May 5 2011*3508b934SYuri Pankov 9:00 - KST 2012503609a9SYuri Pankov 2013503609a9SYuri Pankov############################################################################### 2014503609a9SYuri Pankov 2015503609a9SYuri Pankov# Kuwait 2016503609a9SYuri Pankov# See Asia/Riyadh. 2017503609a9SYuri Pankov 2018503609a9SYuri Pankov# Laos 2019503609a9SYuri Pankov# See Asia/Bangkok. 2020503609a9SYuri Pankov 2021503609a9SYuri Pankov 2022503609a9SYuri Pankov# Lebanon 2023503609a9SYuri Pankov# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2024503609a9SYuri PankovRule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 2025503609a9SYuri PankovRule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - 2026503609a9SYuri PankovRule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 2027503609a9SYuri PankovRule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 2028503609a9SYuri PankovRule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 2029503609a9SYuri PankovRule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 2030503609a9SYuri PankovRule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S 2031503609a9SYuri PankovRule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 2032503609a9SYuri PankovRule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2033503609a9SYuri PankovRule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2034503609a9SYuri PankovRule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S 2035503609a9SYuri PankovRule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2036503609a9SYuri PankovRule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2037503609a9SYuri PankovRule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 2038503609a9SYuri PankovRule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 2039503609a9SYuri PankovRule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2040503609a9SYuri PankovRule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 - 2041503609a9SYuri PankovRule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 2042503609a9SYuri PankovRule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 2043503609a9SYuri PankovRule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2044503609a9SYuri PankovRule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 2045503609a9SYuri PankovRule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 2046503609a9SYuri PankovRule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 2047503609a9SYuri PankovRule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 2048503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2049503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880 2050503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT 2051503609a9SYuri Pankov 2052503609a9SYuri Pankov# Malaysia 2053503609a9SYuri Pankov# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2054*3508b934SYuri PankovRule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 - 2055503609a9SYuri PankovRule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 - 2056503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2057503609a9SYuri Pankov# peninsular Malaysia 2058503609a9SYuri Pankov# taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 2059503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html 2060503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2061503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 2062503609a9SYuri Pankov 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 2063dafc4501SDan McDonald 7:00 - +07 1933 Jan 1 2064dafc4501SDan McDonald 7:00 0:20 +0720 1936 Jan 1 2065dafc4501SDan McDonald 7:20 - +0720 1941 Sep 1 2066dafc4501SDan McDonald 7:30 - +0730 1942 Feb 16 2067dafc4501SDan McDonald 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12 2068dafc4501SDan McDonald 7:30 - +0730 1982 Jan 1 2069dafc4501SDan McDonald 8:00 - +08 2070503609a9SYuri Pankov# Sabah & Sarawak 2071503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12): 2072503609a9SYuri Pankov# The data entries here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 2073503609a9SYuri Pankov# and 1982 transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng. 2074503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2075503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar 2076dafc4501SDan McDonald 7:30 - +0730 1933 2077dafc4501SDan McDonald 8:00 NBorneo +08/+0820 1942 Feb 16 2078dafc4501SDan McDonald 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12 2079dafc4501SDan McDonald 8:00 - +08 2080503609a9SYuri Pankov 2081503609a9SYuri Pankov# Maldives 2082503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 20834b8ee424SYuri PankovZone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Malé 20844b8ee424SYuri Pankov 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Malé Mean Time 2085dafc4501SDan McDonald 5:00 - +05 2086503609a9SYuri Pankov 2087503609a9SYuri Pankov# Mongolia 2088503609a9SYuri Pankov 2089503609a9SYuri Pankov# Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but 2090503609a9SYuri Pankov# The USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World 2091503609a9SYuri Pankov# (2005-03) both say that it has just one. 2092503609a9SYuri Pankov 2093503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11): 2094503609a9SYuri Pankov# General Information Mongolia 2095503609a9SYuri Pankov# <http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm> (1999-09) 2096503609a9SYuri Pankov# "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of 2097503609a9SYuri Pankov# Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and 2098503609a9SYuri Pankov# the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus 2099503609a9SYuri Pankov# eight hours." 2100503609a9SYuri Pankov 2101503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Rives McDow (1999-12-13): 2102503609a9SYuri Pankov# Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998 2103503609a9SYuri Pankov# being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am 2104503609a9SYuri Pankov# unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time 2105503609a9SYuri Pankov# of implementation may have been different.... 2106503609a9SYuri Pankov# Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time 2107503609a9SYuri Pankov# zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod, 2108503609a9SYuri Pankov# Sükhbaatar, and possibly Khentii. 2109503609a9SYuri Pankov 2110503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15): 2111503609a9SYuri Pankov# Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia. 2112503609a9SYuri Pankov# We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone; 2113503609a9SYuri Pankov# the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us, 2114503609a9SYuri Pankov# and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd 2115503609a9SYuri Pankov# is good enough for our purposes. 2116503609a9SYuri Pankov 2117503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Rives McDow (2001-05-13): 2118503609a9SYuri Pankov# In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier 2119503609a9SYuri Pankov# (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28), 2120503609a9SYuri Pankov# there are three time zones. 2121503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2122503609a9SYuri Pankov# Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai 2123503609a9SYuri Pankov# Provinces [at 8:00]: Khövsgöl, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Töv, 2124503609a9SYuri Pankov# Bayankhongor, Övörkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Ömnögovi 2125503609a9SYuri Pankov# Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sükhbaatar 2126503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2127503609a9SYuri Pankov# [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.] 2128503609a9SYuri Pankov 2129503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17): 2130503609a9SYuri Pankov# Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March. 2131503609a9SYuri Pankov# It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of 2132503609a9SYuri Pankov# September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001. 2133503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2134503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17): 2135503609a9SYuri Pankov# For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs 2136503609a9SYuri Pankov# Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them. 2137503609a9SYuri Pankov 2138503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26): 2139503609a9SYuri Pankov# We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones. 2140503609a9SYuri Pankov# Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says 2141503609a9SYuri Pankov# there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft 2142503609a9SYuri Pankov# Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykänen (2005-05-16) reports that 2143503609a9SYuri Pankov# travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UT +07, +08) with no DST. 2144503609a9SYuri Pankov# Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in 2145503609a9SYuri Pankov# Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed. 2146503609a9SYuri Pankov# He also found 2147503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1& 2148503609a9SYuri Pankov# which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius" 2149503609a9SYuri Pankov# (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones. 2150503609a9SYuri Pankov# The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT 2151503609a9SYuri Pankov# and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sükhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT. 2152503609a9SYuri Pankov# The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the 2153503609a9SYuri Pankov# parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session." 2154503609a9SYuri Pankov# For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation. 2155503609a9SYuri Pankov 2156503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26): 2157503609a9SYuri Pankov# Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February. 2158503609a9SYuri Pankov# They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time.... 2159503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742 2160503609a9SYuri Pankov 2161503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30): 2162503609a9SYuri Pankov# We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for 2163503609a9SYuri Pankov# Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT 2164503609a9SYuri Pankov# +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz 2165503609a9SYuri Pankov# database on this, e.g.: 2166503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2167b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026 2168503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx 2169503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2170503609a9SYuri Pankov# both say GMT+08:00. 2171503609a9SYuri Pankov 2172503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31): 2173503609a9SYuri Pankov# eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight 2174503609a9SYuri Pankov# schedule here: 2175503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112 2176503609a9SYuri Pankov# (click the English flag for English) 2177503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2178503609a9SYuri Pankov# There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbaatar arrive 2179503609a9SYuri Pankov# about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the 2180503609a9SYuri Pankov# direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khovd takes 2 hours in the Eastern 2181503609a9SYuri Pankov# direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbaatar and Khovd are 2182503609a9SYuri Pankov# in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and 2183503609a9SYuri Pankov# Ulaanbaatar are in the same time zone (correction needed). 2184503609a9SYuri Pankov 2185503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): 2186503609a9SYuri Pankov# Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00. 2187503609a9SYuri Pankov# XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition 2188503609a9SYuri Pankov# was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report); 2189503609a9SYuri Pankov# this is almost surely wrong. 2190503609a9SYuri Pankov 2191503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Ganbold Tsagaankhuu (2015-03-10): 2192503609a9SYuri Pankov# It seems like yesterday Mongolian Government meeting has concluded to use 2193503609a9SYuri Pankov# daylight saving time in Mongolia.... Starting at 2:00AM of last Saturday of 2194503609a9SYuri Pankov# March 2015, daylight saving time starts. And 00:00AM of last Saturday of 2195503609a9SYuri Pankov# September daylight saving time ends. Source: 2196503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://zasag.mn/news/view/8969 2197503609a9SYuri Pankov 2198503609a9SYuri Pankov# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2199*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 - 2200503609a9SYuri PankovRule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2201503609a9SYuri Pankov# Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00, 2202503609a9SYuri Pankov# but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM 2203503609a9SYuri Pankov# (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998. 2204503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2205503609a9SYuri Pankov# Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches 2206503609a9SYuri Pankov# in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sükhbaatar) took place 2207503609a9SYuri Pankov# at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of 2208503609a9SYuri Pankov# the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their 2209503609a9SYuri Pankov# correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly 2210503609a9SYuri Pankov# in the latest edition; so ignore it for now. 2211503609a9SYuri Pankov 2212dafc4501SDan McDonald# From Ganbold Tsagaankhuu (2017-02-09): 2213dafc4501SDan McDonald# Mongolian Government meeting has concluded today to cancel daylight 2214dafc4501SDan McDonald# saving time adoption in Mongolia. Source: http://zasag.mn/news/view/16192 2215dafc4501SDan McDonald 2216*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 - 2217503609a9SYuri PankovRule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 2218503609a9SYuri Pankov# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST. 2219*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 - 2220503609a9SYuri PankovRule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 - 2221*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 - 2222*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Mongol 2015 2016 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 - 2223dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Mongol 2015 2016 - Sep lastSat 0:00 0 - 2224503609a9SYuri Pankov 2225503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2226503609a9SYuri Pankov# Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta 2227503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug 2228dafc4501SDan McDonald 6:00 - +06 1978 2229dafc4501SDan McDonald 7:00 Mongol +07/+08 2230503609a9SYuri Pankov# Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga 2231503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug 2232dafc4501SDan McDonald 7:00 - +07 1978 2233dafc4501SDan McDonald 8:00 Mongol +08/+09 2234503609a9SYuri Pankov# Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tümen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan, 2235503609a9SYuri Pankov# Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan 2236503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug 2237dafc4501SDan McDonald 7:00 - +07 1978 2238dafc4501SDan McDonald 8:00 - +08 1983 Apr 2239dafc4501SDan McDonald 9:00 Mongol +09/+10 2008 Mar 31 2240dafc4501SDan McDonald 8:00 Mongol +08/+09 2241503609a9SYuri Pankov 2242503609a9SYuri Pankov# Nepal 2243503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2244503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920 2245dafc4501SDan McDonald 5:30 - +0530 1986 2246dafc4501SDan McDonald 5:45 - +0545 2247503609a9SYuri Pankov 2248503609a9SYuri Pankov# Oman 2249503609a9SYuri Pankov# See Asia/Dubai. 2250503609a9SYuri Pankov 2251503609a9SYuri Pankov# Pakistan 2252503609a9SYuri Pankov 2253503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Rives McDow (2002-03-13): 2254503609a9SYuri Pankov# I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a 2255503609a9SYuri Pankov# TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002 2256503609a9SYuri Pankov# and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was 2257503609a9SYuri Pankov# told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the 2258503609a9SYuri Pankov# 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on. 2259503609a9SYuri Pankov 2260503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15): 2261503609a9SYuri Pankov# Jesper Nørgaard found this URL: 2262503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm 2263503609a9SYuri Pankov# (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to 2264503609a9SYuri Pankov# advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first 2265503609a9SYuri Pankov# Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on 2266503609a9SYuri Pankov# 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00, 2267503609a9SYuri Pankov# but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like 2268503609a9SYuri Pankov# it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday 2269503609a9SYuri Pankov# and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the 2270503609a9SYuri Pankov# transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02. 2271503609a9SYuri Pankov 2272503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): 2273503609a9SYuri Pankov# DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05 2274503609a9SYuri Pankov# that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now. 2275503609a9SYuri Pankov 2276503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14): 2277503609a9SYuri Pankov# According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm 2278503609a9SYuri Pankov# there will be no DST in Pakistan this year: 2279503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2280503609a9SYuri Pankov# ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh 2281503609a9SYuri Pankov# Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous 2282503609a9SYuri Pankov# decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by 2283503609a9SYuri Pankov# one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy. 2284503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2285503609a9SYuri Pankov# The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather 2286503609a9SYuri Pankov# shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity. 2287503609a9SYuri Pankov 2288503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15): 2289503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2290503609a9SYuri Pankov# Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time 2291503609a9SYuri Pankov# on June 1, 2008 for 3 months. 2292503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2293503609a9SYuri Pankov# "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to 2294503609a9SYuri Pankov# help reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at 2295503609a9SYuri Pankov# 9pm and moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months. ...." 2296503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2297b654b02dSYuri Pankov# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html 2298503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4 2299503609a9SYuri Pankov 2300503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): 2301503609a9SYuri Pankov# XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess. 2302503609a9SYuri Pankov 2303503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): 2304503609a9SYuri Pankov# Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced 2305503609a9SYuri Pankov# for another 2 months - plan to return to Standard Time on October 31 2306503609a9SYuri Pankov# instead of August 31. 2307503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2308503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html 2309503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html 2310503609a9SYuri Pankov 2311503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08): 2312503609a9SYuri Pankov# Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to 2313503609a9SYuri Pankov# advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance 2314503609a9SYuri Pankov# to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in 2315503609a9SYuri Pankov# official working." 2316503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280 2317503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2318503609a9SYuri Pankov# recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to 2319503609a9SYuri Pankov# introduce DST from April 15, 2009 2320503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2321503609a9SYuri Pankov# FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan 2322503609a9SYuri Pankov# April 08, 2009 2323503609a9SYuri Pankov# Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15 2324503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1 2325503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html 2326503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2327503609a9SYuri Pankov# .... 2328503609a9SYuri Pankov# The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to 2329503609a9SYuri Pankov# advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to 2330503609a9SYuri Pankov# conserve energy" 2331503609a9SYuri Pankov 2332503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17): 2333503609a9SYuri Pankov# "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal 2334503609a9SYuri Pankov# Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the 2335503609a9SYuri Pankov# clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to 2336503609a9SYuri Pankov# this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in 2337503609a9SYuri Pankov# this regard." 2338503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168 2339503609a9SYuri Pankov 2340503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28): 2341503609a9SYuri Pankov# According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that 2342503609a9SYuri Pankov# Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from 2343503609a9SYuri Pankov# October 1, 2009. 2344503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2345503609a9SYuri Pankov# "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct" 2346503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2 2347503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm 2348503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2349503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29): 2350503609a9SYuri Pankov# Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date: 2351503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742 2352503609a9SYuri Pankov# "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1. 2353503609a9SYuri Pankov# Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on 2354503609a9SYuri Pankov# Monday." 2355503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2356503609a9SYuri Pankov# And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year: 2357503609a9SYuri Pankov# "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour 2358503609a9SYuri Pankov# on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without 2359503609a9SYuri Pankov# obtaining prior approval, the officials added." 2360503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2361503609a9SYuri Pankov# We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of 2362503609a9SYuri Pankov# Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company: 2363b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html 2364503609a9SYuri Pankov 2365503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Christoph Göhre (2009-10-01): 2366503609a9SYuri Pankov# [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan 2367503609a9SYuri Pankov# will go back to standard time on 1st of November. 2368503609a9SYuri Pankov 2369503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-26): 2370503609a9SYuri Pankov# Steffen Thorsen wrote: 2371503609a9SYuri Pankov# > On Thursday (2010-03-25) it was announced that DST would start in 2372503609a9SYuri Pankov# > Pakistan on 2010-04-01. 2373503609a9SYuri Pankov# > 2374503609a9SYuri Pankov# > Then today, the president said that they might have to revert the 2375503609a9SYuri Pankov# > decision if it is not supported by the parliament. So at the time 2376503609a9SYuri Pankov# > being, it seems unclear if DST will be actually observed or not - but 2377503609a9SYuri Pankov# > April 1 could be a more likely date than April 15. 2378503609a9SYuri Pankov# Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final: 2379503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2380503609a9SYuri Pankov# "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks" 2381503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041 2382503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2383503609a9SYuri Pankov# "People laud PM's announcement to end DST" 2384503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2 2385503609a9SYuri Pankov 2386503609a9SYuri Pankov# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2387503609a9SYuri PankovRule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S 2388503609a9SYuri PankovRule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 2389503609a9SYuri PankovRule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 2390503609a9SYuri PankovRule Pakistan 2008 2009 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 2391503609a9SYuri PankovRule Pakistan 2009 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 2392503609a9SYuri Pankov 2393503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2394503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907 2395dafc4501SDan McDonald 5:30 - +0530 1942 Sep 2396dafc4501SDan McDonald 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 15 2397dafc4501SDan McDonald 5:30 - +0530 1951 Sep 30 2398dafc4501SDan McDonald 5:00 - +05 1971 Mar 26 2399503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time 2400503609a9SYuri Pankov 2401503609a9SYuri Pankov# Palestine 2402503609a9SYuri Pankov 2403503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15): 2404503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2405503609a9SYuri Pankov# From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now 2406503609a9SYuri Pankov# known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule. 2407503609a9SYuri Pankov# Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too... 2408503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2409503609a9SYuri Pankov# The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05 2410503609a9SYuri Pankov# (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no 2411503609a9SYuri Pankov# time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt, 2412503609a9SYuri Pankov# though. 2413503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2414503609a9SYuri Pankov# The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally 2415503609a9SYuri Pankov# annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from 2416503609a9SYuri Pankov# the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the 2417503609a9SYuri Pankov# Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major 2418503609a9SYuri Pankov# towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and 2419503609a9SYuri Pankov# East Jerusalem. 2420503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2421503609a9SYuri Pankov# Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except 2422503609a9SYuri Pankov# for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might 2423503609a9SYuri Pankov# have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware 2424503609a9SYuri Pankov# of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer 2425503609a9SYuri Pankov# time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected). 2426503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2427503609a9SYuri Pankov# The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most 2428503609a9SYuri Pankov# towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to 2429503609a9SYuri Pankov# demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to 2430503609a9SYuri Pankov# summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't 2431503609a9SYuri Pankov# know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the 2432503609a9SYuri Pankov# Jordanian one). 2433503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2434503609a9SYuri Pankov# To summarize, the table should probably look something like that: 2435503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2436503609a9SYuri Pankov# Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996- 2437503609a9SYuri Pankov# ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------- 2438503609a9SYuri Pankov# Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion 2439503609a9SYuri Pankov# West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan 2440503609a9SYuri Pankov# Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan 2441503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2442503609a9SYuri Pankov# I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they 2443503609a9SYuri Pankov# have one). 2444503609a9SYuri Pankov 2445503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 2446503609a9SYuri Pankov# Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go 2447503609a9SYuri Pankov# with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947, 2448503609a9SYuri Pankov# and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996. 2449503609a9SYuri Pankov# We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since 2450503609a9SYuri Pankov# the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about 2451503609a9SYuri Pankov# occurred before our cutoff date of 1970. 2452503609a9SYuri Pankov# However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries 2453503609a9SYuri Pankov# for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules 2454503609a9SYuri Pankov# to Palestine's rules. 2455503609a9SYuri Pankov 2456503609a9SYuri Pankov# From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time, 2457503609a9SYuri Pankov# forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg: 2458503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2459503609a9SYuri Pankov# Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time 2460503609a9SYuri Pankov# last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks 2461503609a9SYuri Pankov# one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule, 2462503609a9SYuri Pankov# the PA has decided to implement DST in April. 2463503609a9SYuri Pankov 2464503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20): 2465503609a9SYuri Pankov# Daoud Kuttab writes in Holiday havoc 2466503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html 2467503609a9SYuri Pankov# (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that 2468503609a9SYuri Pankov# the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15. 2469503609a9SYuri Pankov# I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source). 2470503609a9SYuri Pankov# For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00, 2471503609a9SYuri Pankov# and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October. 2472503609a9SYuri Pankov 2473503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 2474503609a9SYuri Pankov# Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 2475503609a9SYuri Pankov 2476503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 2477503609a9SYuri Pankov# A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of 2478503609a9SYuri Pankov# the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think 2479503609a9SYuri Pankov# there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks 2480503609a9SYuri Pankov# earlier - the same goes for Jordan. 2481503609a9SYuri Pankov 2482503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17): 2483503609a9SYuri Pankov# I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the 2484503609a9SYuri Pankov# same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I 2485503609a9SYuri Pankov# was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not 2486503609a9SYuri Pankov# able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if 2487503609a9SYuri Pankov# Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as 2488503609a9SYuri Pankov# the West Bank. 2489503609a9SYuri Pankov 2490503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26): 2491503609a9SYuri Pankov# according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19): 2492503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5 2493503609a9SYuri Pankov# > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule 2494503609a9SYuri Pankov# > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn 2495503609a9SYuri Pankov# > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week. 2496503609a9SYuri Pankov# I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well, 2497503609a9SYuri Pankov# because of the Ramadan. 2498503609a9SYuri Pankov 2499503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-09-18): 2500503609a9SYuri Pankov# According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the 2501503609a9SYuri Pankov# Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00. 2502503609a9SYuri Pankov 2503503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20): 2504503609a9SYuri Pankov# My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when 2505503609a9SYuri Pankov# the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit 2506503609a9SYuri Pankov# surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree. 2507503609a9SYuri Pankov# For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be 2508503609a9SYuri Pankov# the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00. 2509503609a9SYuri Pankov 2510503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): 2511503609a9SYuri Pankov# Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan. 2512503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2513503609a9SYuri Pankov# Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while 2514503609a9SYuri Pankov# the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008). 2515503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2516503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001 2517503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087 2518503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html 2519503609a9SYuri Pankov 2520503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26): 2521503609a9SYuri Pankov# According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian 2522503609a9SYuri Pankov# government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March 2523503609a9SYuri Pankov# 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009. 2524503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2525503609a9SYuri Pankov# (in Arabic) 2526503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850 2527503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2528503609a9SYuri Pankov# (English translation) 2529503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html 2530503609a9SYuri Pankov 2531503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31): 2532503609a9SYuri Pankov# Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to 2533503609a9SYuri Pankov# winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04. 2534503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2535503609a9SYuri Pankov# One news source: 2536503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158 2537503609a9SYuri Pankov# (Palestinian press agency, Arabic), 2538503609a9SYuri Pankov# Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah 2539503609a9SYuri Pankov# headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of 2540503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty 2541503609a9SYuri Pankov# minutes per hour as of Friday morning." 2542503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2543503609a9SYuri Pankov# We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different 2544503609a9SYuri Pankov# end date, we will keep this page updated: 2545b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html 2546503609a9SYuri Pankov 2547503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02): 2548503609a9SYuri Pankov# Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank. 2549503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2550503609a9SYuri Pankov# According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan 2551503609a9SYuri Pankov# to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009. 2552503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2553503609a9SYuri Pankov# "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza" 2554503609a9SYuri Pankov# (from Palestinian National Authority): 2555503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505 2556503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html 2557503609a9SYuri Pankov 2558503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19): 2559503609a9SYuri Pankov# According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March 2560503609a9SYuri Pankov# 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri 2561503609a9SYuri Pankov# (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?) 2562503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2563503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697 2564503609a9SYuri Pankov# (in Arabic) 2565503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html 2566503609a9SYuri Pankov 2567503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24): 2568503609a9SYuri Pankov# ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will 2569503609a9SYuri Pankov# start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or 2570503609a9SYuri Pankov# noon though: 2571503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2572503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178 2573503609a9SYuri Pankov# (Ma'an News Agency) 2574503609a9SYuri Pankov# "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to 2575503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning." 2576503609a9SYuri Pankov 2577503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-08-11): 2578503609a9SYuri Pankov# According to several sources, including 2579503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795 2580503609a9SYuri Pankov# the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in 2581503609a9SYuri Pankov# Gaza and the West Bank. 2582503609a9SYuri Pankov# Some more background info: 2583b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html 2584503609a9SYuri Pankov 2585503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-08-26): 2586503609a9SYuri Pankov# Gaza and the West Bank did go back to standard time in the beginning of 2587503609a9SYuri Pankov# August, and will now enter daylight saving time again on 2011-08-30 2588503609a9SYuri Pankov# 00:00 (so two periods of DST in 2011). The pause was because of 2589503609a9SYuri Pankov# Ramadan. 2590503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2591503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217 2592503609a9SYuri Pankov# Additional info: 2593b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html 2594503609a9SYuri Pankov 2595503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-08-27): 2596503609a9SYuri Pankov# According to the article in The Jerusalem Post: 2597503609a9SYuri Pankov# "...Earlier this month, the Palestinian government in the West Bank decided to 2598503609a9SYuri Pankov# move to standard time for 30 days, during Ramadan. The Palestinians in the 2599503609a9SYuri Pankov# Gaza Strip accepted the change and also moved their clocks one hour back. 2600503609a9SYuri Pankov# The Hamas government said on Saturday that it won't observe summertime after 2601503609a9SYuri Pankov# the Muslim feast of Id al-Fitr, which begins on Tuesday..." 2602503609a9SYuri Pankov# ... 2603b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650 2604503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html 2605503609a9SYuri Pankov# The rules for Egypt are stolen from the 'africa' file. 2606503609a9SYuri Pankov 2607503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-09-30): 2608503609a9SYuri Pankov# West Bank did end Daylight Saving Time this morning/midnight (2011-09-30 2609503609a9SYuri Pankov# 00:00). 2610503609a9SYuri Pankov# So West Bank and Gaza now have the same time again. 2611503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2612503609a9SYuri Pankov# Many sources, including: 2613503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808 2614503609a9SYuri Pankov 2615503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26): 2616503609a9SYuri Pankov# Palestinian news sources tell that both Gaza and West Bank will start DST 2617503609a9SYuri Pankov# on Friday (Thursday midnight, 2012-03-29 24:00). 2618503609a9SYuri Pankov# Some of many sources in Arabic: 2619503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638 2620503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2621503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html 2622503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2623503609a9SYuri Pankov# Our brief summary: 2624b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html 2625503609a9SYuri Pankov 2626503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-26): 2627503609a9SYuri Pankov# The following news sources tells that Palestine will "start daylight saving 2628503609a9SYuri Pankov# time from midnight on Friday, March 29, 2013" (translated). 2629503609a9SYuri Pankov# [These are in Arabic and are for Gaza and for Ramallah, respectively.] 2630503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=154120 2631503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://safa.ps/details/news/99844/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-29-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A.html 2632503609a9SYuri Pankov 2633503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-24): 2634503609a9SYuri Pankov# The Gaza and West Bank are ending DST Thursday at midnight 2635503609a9SYuri Pankov# (2013-09-27 00:00:00) (one hour earlier than last year...). 2636503609a9SYuri Pankov# This source in English, says "that winter time will go into effect 2637503609a9SYuri Pankov# at midnight on Thursday in the West Bank and Gaza Strip": 2638503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://english.wafa.ps/index.php?action=detail&id=23246 2639503609a9SYuri Pankov# official source...: 2640503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/ar/Views/ViewDetails.aspx?pid=1252 2641503609a9SYuri Pankov 2642503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-03-03): 2643503609a9SYuri Pankov# Sources such as http://www.alquds.com/news/article/view/id/548257 2644b654b02dSYuri Pankov# and https://www.raya.ps/ar/news/890705.html say Palestine areas will 2645503609a9SYuri Pankov# start DST on 2015-03-28 00:00 which is one day later than expected. 2646503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2647503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2015-03-03): 2648b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/ramallah?year=2014 2649503609a9SYuri Pankov# says that the fall 2014 transition was Oct 23 at 24:00. 2650503609a9SYuri Pankov 2651503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Hannah Kreitem (2016-03-09): 2652503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/ar/ViewDetails?ID=31728 2653503609a9SYuri Pankov# [Google translation]: "The Council also decided to start daylight 2654503609a9SYuri Pankov# saving in Palestine as of one o'clock on Saturday morning, 2655503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2016-03-26, to provide the clock 60 minutes ahead." 2656503609a9SYuri Pankov 2657503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Sharef Mustafa (2016-10-19): 2658503609a9SYuri Pankov# [T]he Palestinian cabinet decision (Mar 8th 2016) published on 2659503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/Upload/Decree/GOV_17/16032016134830.pdf 2660503609a9SYuri Pankov# states that summer time will end on Oct 29th at 01:00. 2661503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2662503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Tim Parenti (2016-10-19): 2663503609a9SYuri Pankov# Predict fall transitions on October's last Saturday at 01:00 from now on. 2664503609a9SYuri Pankov# This is consistent with the 2016 transition as well as our spring 2665503609a9SYuri Pankov# predictions. 2666503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2667503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-19): 2668503609a9SYuri Pankov# It's also consistent with predictions in the following URLs today: 2669b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/gaza-strip/gaza 2670b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/hebron 2671503609a9SYuri Pankov 2672*3508b934SYuri Pankov# From Sharef Mustafa (2018-03-16): 2673*3508b934SYuri Pankov# Palestine summer time will start on Mar 24th 2018 by advancing the 2674*3508b934SYuri Pankov# clock by 60 minutes as per Palestinian cabinet decision published on 2675*3508b934SYuri Pankov# the official website, though the decree did not specify the exact 2676*3508b934SYuri Pankov# time of the time shift. 2677*3508b934SYuri Pankov# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/Website/AR/NDecrees/ViewFile.ashx?ID=e7a42ab7-ee23-435a-b9c8-a4f7e81f3817 2678*3508b934SYuri Pankov# 2679*3508b934SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2018-03-16): 2680*3508b934SYuri Pankov# For 2016 on, predict spring transitions on March's fourth Saturday at 01:00. 2681*3508b934SYuri Pankov 2682503609a9SYuri Pankov# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2683503609a9SYuri PankovRule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 2684503609a9SYuri PankovRule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2685503609a9SYuri PankovRule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2686503609a9SYuri PankovRule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 2687503609a9SYuri PankovRule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 2688503609a9SYuri PankovRule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 2689503609a9SYuri Pankov 2690503609a9SYuri PankovRule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S 2691503609a9SYuri PankovRule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 2692503609a9SYuri PankovRule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 2693503609a9SYuri PankovRule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 2694503609a9SYuri PankovRule Palestine 2006 2007 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2695503609a9SYuri PankovRule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 2696503609a9SYuri PankovRule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 - 2697503609a9SYuri PankovRule Palestine 2008 2009 - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2698503609a9SYuri PankovRule Palestine 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 2699503609a9SYuri PankovRule Palestine 2009 only - Sep Fri>=1 1:00 0 - 2700503609a9SYuri PankovRule Palestine 2010 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 2701503609a9SYuri PankovRule Palestine 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 - 2702503609a9SYuri PankovRule Palestine 2011 only - Apr 1 0:01 1:00 S 2703503609a9SYuri PankovRule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 2704503609a9SYuri PankovRule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 30 0:00 1:00 S 2705503609a9SYuri PankovRule Palestine 2011 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 2706503609a9SYuri PankovRule Palestine 2012 2014 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 2707503609a9SYuri PankovRule Palestine 2012 only - Sep 21 1:00 0 - 2708503609a9SYuri PankovRule Palestine 2013 only - Sep Fri>=21 0:00 0 - 2709503609a9SYuri PankovRule Palestine 2014 2015 - Oct Fri>=21 0:00 0 - 2710503609a9SYuri PankovRule Palestine 2015 only - Mar lastFri 24:00 1:00 S 2711*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Palestine 2016 max - Mar Sat>=22 1:00 1:00 S 2712503609a9SYuri PankovRule Palestine 2016 max - Oct lastSat 1:00 0 - 2713503609a9SYuri Pankov 2714503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2715503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct 2716dafc4501SDan McDonald 2:00 Zion EET/EEST 1948 May 15 2717503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 2718503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 2719503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999 2720503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2008 Aug 29 0:00 2721503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 - EET 2008 Sep 2722503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2010 2723503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 - EET 2010 Mar 27 0:01 2724503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Aug 1 2725503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 - EET 2012 2726503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2727503609a9SYuri Pankov 2728503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Hebron 2:20:23 - LMT 1900 Oct 2729dafc4501SDan McDonald 2:00 Zion EET/EEST 1948 May 15 2730503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 2731503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 2732503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999 2733503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2734503609a9SYuri Pankov 2735503609a9SYuri Pankov# Paracel Is 2736503609a9SYuri Pankov# no information 2737503609a9SYuri Pankov 2738503609a9SYuri Pankov# Philippines 2739503609a9SYuri Pankov# On 1844-08-16, Narciso Clavería, governor-general of the 2740503609a9SYuri Pankov# Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to 2741503609a9SYuri Pankov# be immediately followed by 1845-01-01; see R.H. van Gent's 2742503609a9SYuri Pankov# History of the International Date Line 2743b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl_philippines.htm 2744503609a9SYuri Pankov# The rest of the data entries are from Shanks & Pottenger. 2745503609a9SYuri Pankov 2746503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-26): 2747503609a9SYuri Pankov# ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990: 2748503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/ 2749503609a9SYuri Pankov# [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires, 2750503609a9SYuri Pankov# but no details] 2751503609a9SYuri Pankov 2752503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-14): 2753503609a9SYuri Pankov# The following source says DST may be instituted November-January and again 2754503609a9SYuri Pankov# March-June, but this is not definite. It also says DST was last proclaimed 2755503609a9SYuri Pankov# during the Ramos administration (1992-1998); but again, no details. 2756503609a9SYuri Pankov# Carcamo D. PNoy urged to declare use of daylight saving time. 2757503609a9SYuri Pankov# Philippine Star 2014-08-05 2758503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2014/08/05/1354152/pnoy-urged-declare-use-daylight-saving-time 2759503609a9SYuri Pankov 2760503609a9SYuri Pankov# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2761*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 - 2762503609a9SYuri PankovRule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 - 2763*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 - 2764503609a9SYuri PankovRule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 - 2765*3508b934SYuri PankovRule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 - 2766503609a9SYuri PankovRule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 2767503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2768503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 2769503609a9SYuri Pankov 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11 2770dafc4501SDan McDonald 8:00 Phil +08/+09 1942 May 2771dafc4501SDan McDonald 9:00 - +09 1944 Nov 2772dafc4501SDan McDonald 8:00 Phil +08/+09 2773503609a9SYuri Pankov 2774503609a9SYuri Pankov# Qatar 2775503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2776503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha 2777dafc4501SDan McDonald 4:00 - +04 1972 Jun 2778dafc4501SDan McDonald 3:00 - +03 2779503609a9SYuri PankovLink Asia/Qatar Asia/Bahrain 2780503609a9SYuri Pankov 2781503609a9SYuri Pankov# Saudi Arabia 2782503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2783503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15): 2784503609a9SYuri Pankov# Time in Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arabian peninsula was not 2785503609a9SYuri Pankov# standardized until relatively recently; we don't know when, and possibly it 2786503609a9SYuri Pankov# has never been made official. Richard P Hunt, in "Islam city yielding to 2787503609a9SYuri Pankov# modern times", New York Times (1961-04-09), p 20, wrote that only airlines 2788503609a9SYuri Pankov# observed standard time, and that people in Jeddah mostly observed quasi-solar 2789503609a9SYuri Pankov# time, doing so by setting their watches at sunrise to 6 o'clock (or to 12 2790503609a9SYuri Pankov# o'clock for "Arab" time). 2791503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2792503609a9SYuri Pankov# The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best 2793503609a9SYuri Pankov# we can do. The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics 2794503609a9SYuri Pankov# Board (OCLC 42299995) reported that the "... Arabian Government, inaugurated 2795503609a9SYuri Pankov# a weekly Dhahran-Cairo service, via the Saudi Arabian cities of Riyadh and 2796503609a9SYuri Pankov# Jidda, on March 14, 1947". Shanks & Pottenger guessed 1950; go with the 2797503609a9SYuri Pankov# earlier date. 2798503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2799503609a9SYuri Pankov# Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two 2800503609a9SYuri Pankov# time zones; the other zone, at UT +04, was in the far eastern part of 2801503609a9SYuri Pankov# the country. Ignore this, as it's before our 1970 cutoff. 2802503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2803503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2804503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1947 Mar 14 2805dafc4501SDan McDonald 3:00 - +03 2806503609a9SYuri PankovLink Asia/Riyadh Asia/Aden # Yemen 2807503609a9SYuri PankovLink Asia/Riyadh Asia/Kuwait 2808503609a9SYuri Pankov 2809503609a9SYuri Pankov# Singapore 2810503609a9SYuri Pankov# taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 2811503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html 2812503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2813503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 2814503609a9SYuri Pankov 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 2815dafc4501SDan McDonald 7:00 - +07 1933 Jan 1 2816dafc4501SDan McDonald 7:00 0:20 +0720 1936 Jan 1 2817dafc4501SDan McDonald 7:20 - +0720 1941 Sep 1 2818dafc4501SDan McDonald 7:30 - +0730 1942 Feb 16 2819dafc4501SDan McDonald 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12 2820dafc4501SDan McDonald 7:30 - +0730 1982 Jan 1 2821dafc4501SDan McDonald 8:00 - +08 2822503609a9SYuri Pankov 2823503609a9SYuri Pankov# Spratly Is 2824503609a9SYuri Pankov# no information 2825503609a9SYuri Pankov 2826503609a9SYuri Pankov# Sri Lanka 2827503609a9SYuri Pankov 2828503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 2829503609a9SYuri Pankov# Milne says "Madras mean time use from May 1, 1898. Prior to this Colombo 2830503609a9SYuri Pankov# mean time, 5h. 4m. 21.9s. F., was used." But 5:04:21.9 differs considerably 2831503609a9SYuri Pankov# from Colombo's meridian 5:19:24, so for now ignore Milne and stick with 2832503609a9SYuri Pankov# Shanks and Pottenger. 2833503609a9SYuri Pankov 2834503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 2835503609a9SYuri Pankov# "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout" 2836503609a9SYuri Pankov# (<http://www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html>, 1996-05-24, 2837503609a9SYuri Pankov# no longer available as of 1999-08-17) 2838503609a9SYuri Pankov# reported "the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at 2839503609a9SYuri Pankov# midnight Friday (1830 GMT) 'in the light of the present power crisis'." 2840503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2841503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted 2842503609a9SYuri Pankov# by Shamindra in Daily News - Hot News Section 2843503609a9SYuri Pankov# <news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net> (1996-10-26): 2844503609a9SYuri Pankov# With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996 2845503609a9SYuri Pankov# Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT. 2846503609a9SYuri Pankov 2847503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online 2848503609a9SYuri Pankov# <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13): 2849503609a9SYuri Pankov# 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes) 2850503609a9SYuri Pankov# at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006). 2851503609a9SYuri Pankov 2852503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in: 2853503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML 2854503609a9SYuri Pankov# [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply 2855503609a9SYuri Pankov# kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean 2856503609a9SYuri Pankov# Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India. 2857503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18): 2858503609a9SYuri Pankov# People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'], 2859503609a9SYuri Pankov# as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970. 2860503609a9SYuri Pankov 2861503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Sadika Sumanapala (2016-10-19): 2862503609a9SYuri Pankov# According to http://www.sltime.org (maintained by Measurement Units, 2863503609a9SYuri Pankov# Standards & Services Department, Sri Lanka) abbreviation for Sri Lanka 2864503609a9SYuri Pankov# standard time is SLST. 2865503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2866503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-18): 2867503609a9SYuri Pankov# "SLST" seems to be reasonably recent and rarely-used outside time 2868503609a9SYuri Pankov# zone nerd sources. I searched Google News and found three uses of 2869503609a9SYuri Pankov# it in the International Business Times of India in February and 2870503609a9SYuri Pankov# March of this year when discussing cricket match times, but nothing 2871503609a9SYuri Pankov# since then (though there has been a lot of cricket) and nothing in 2872503609a9SYuri Pankov# other English-language news sources. Our old abbreviation "LKT" is 2873503609a9SYuri Pankov# even worse. For now, let's use a numeric abbreviation; we can 2874503609a9SYuri Pankov# switch to "SLST" if it catches on. 2875503609a9SYuri Pankov 2876503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2877503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880 2878503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time 2879503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:30 - +0530 1942 Jan 5 2880dafc4501SDan McDonald 5:30 0:30 +06 1942 Sep 2881dafc4501SDan McDonald 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 16 2:00 2882503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:30 - +0530 1996 May 25 0:00 2883503609a9SYuri Pankov 6:30 - +0630 1996 Oct 26 0:30 2884503609a9SYuri Pankov 6:00 - +06 2006 Apr 15 0:30 2885503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:30 - +0530 2886503609a9SYuri Pankov 2887503609a9SYuri Pankov# Syria 2888503609a9SYuri Pankov# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2889503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S 2890503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 2891503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S 2892503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2893503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 2894503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 2895503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2896503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 2897503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S 2898503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2899503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 2900503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 - 2901503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S 2902503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2903503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S 2904503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 - 2905503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S 2906503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 2907503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S 2908503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 2909503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2910503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S 2911503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 2912503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2913503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2914503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S 2915503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 2916503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 2917503609a9SYuri Pankov# IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02; 2918503609a9SYuri Pankov# (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02, 2919503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31; 2920503609a9SYuri Pankov# (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22; 2921503609a9SYuri Pankov# for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger, 2922503609a9SYuri Pankov# except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan). 2923503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2924503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2925503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S 2926503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2927503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18): 2928503609a9SYuri Pankov# According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC] 2929503609a9SYuri Pankov# this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt. 2930503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 2931503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29): 2932503609a9SYuri Pankov# Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday." 2933503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php 2934503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2935503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Jesper Nørgaard (2007-10-27): 2936503609a9SYuri Pankov# The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will 2937503609a9SYuri Pankov# not take place 1st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1st November at 24:00 or 2938503609a9SYuri Pankov# rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sense than 2939503609a9SYuri Pankov# having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the 2940503609a9SYuri Pankov# weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now 2941503609a9SYuri Pankov# it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend... 2942503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2943503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27): 2944503609a9SYuri Pankov# Jesper Nørgaard Welen wrote: 2945503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2946503609a9SYuri Pankov# > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1 2947503609a9SYuri Pankov# > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour." 2948503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2949503609a9SYuri Pankov# I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic): 2950503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247 2951503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2952503609a9SYuri Pankov# which using Google's translate tools says: 2953503609a9SYuri Pankov# Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on 2954503609a9SYuri Pankov# identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th 2955503609a9SYuri Pankov# minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007. 2956503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 2957503609a9SYuri Pankov 2958503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17): 2959503609a9SYuri Pankov# For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for 2960503609a9SYuri Pankov# this month (March 2008) in the last day or so.... 2961503609a9SYuri Pankov# Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST 2962503609a9SYuri Pankov# Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date 2963503609a9SYuri Pankov# Variation 2964503609a9SYuri Pankov# Syrian Arab 2965503609a9SYuri Pankov# Republic SY +0200 2200 03APR08 2100 30SEP08 +0300 2966503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2200 02APR09 2100 30SEP09 +0300 2967503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2200 01APR10 2100 30SEP10 +0300 2968503609a9SYuri Pankov 2969503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17): 2970503609a9SYuri Pankov# Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News 2971503609a9SYuri Pankov# Agency (SANA)... 2972503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm 2973503609a9SYuri Pankov# ...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the 2974503609a9SYuri Pankov# Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April 2975503609a9SYuri Pankov# 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd." 2976503609a9SYuri Pankov# Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times 2977503609a9SYuri Pankov# shown above match up with midnight in Syria. 2978503609a9SYuri Pankov 2979503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): 2980503609a9SYuri Pankov# My best guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1"; 2981503609a9SYuri Pankov# coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone 2982503609a9SYuri Pankov# compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel). 2983503609a9SYuri Pankov# For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end. 2984503609a9SYuri Pankov 2985503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07): 2986503609a9SYuri Pankov# Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year, 2987503609a9SYuri Pankov# according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA). 2988503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2989503609a9SYuri Pankov# The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to 2990503609a9SYuri Pankov# winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting 2991503609a9SYuri Pankov# clocks back 60 minutes). 2992503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2993503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm 2994503609a9SYuri Pankov 2995503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19): 2996503609a9SYuri Pankov# Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources, 2997503609a9SYuri Pankov# two examples: 2998503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2999503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm 3000503609a9SYuri Pankov# (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency) 3001503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209 3002503609a9SYuri Pankov# (Arabic, gov-site) 3003503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3004503609a9SYuri Pankov# We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year. 3005503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3006503609a9SYuri Pankov# Our summary 3007b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html 3008503609a9SYuri Pankov 3009503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27): 3010503609a9SYuri Pankov# The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will 3011503609a9SYuri Pankov# revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday 3012503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30: 3013503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic) 3014503609a9SYuri Pankov 3015503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28): 3016503609a9SYuri Pankov# We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last 3017503609a9SYuri Pankov# Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or 3018503609a9SYuri Pankov# something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday. 3019503609a9SYuri Pankov 3020503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-17): 3021503609a9SYuri Pankov# The "Syrian News Station" reported on 2010-03-16 that the Council of 3022503609a9SYuri Pankov# Ministers has decided that Syria will start DST on midnight Thursday 3023503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2010-04-01: (midnight between Thursday and Friday): 3024503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421 (Arabic) 3025503609a9SYuri Pankov 3026503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26): 3027503609a9SYuri Pankov# Today, Syria's government announced that they will start DST early on Friday 3028503609a9SYuri Pankov# (00:00). This is a bit earlier than the past two years. 3029503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3030503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Syrian Arab News Agency, in Arabic: 3031503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm 3032503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3033503609a9SYuri Pankov# Our brief summary: 3034b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html 3035503609a9SYuri Pankov 3036503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27): 3037503609a9SYuri Pankov# Assume last Friday in March going forward XXX. 3038503609a9SYuri Pankov 3039503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 2008 only - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 3040503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 3041503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 3042503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 2010 2011 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 3043503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 2012 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 3044503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 - 3045503609a9SYuri Pankov 3046503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3047503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq 3048503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 Syria EE%sT 3049503609a9SYuri Pankov 3050503609a9SYuri Pankov# Tajikistan 3051503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Shanks & Pottenger. 3052503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3053503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 3054503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 3055503609a9SYuri Pankov 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3056503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 1:00 +05/+06 1991 Sep 9 2:00s 3057503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 - +05 3058503609a9SYuri Pankov 3059503609a9SYuri Pankov# Thailand 3060503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3061503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880 3062503609a9SYuri Pankov 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time 3063dafc4501SDan McDonald 7:00 - +07 3064503609a9SYuri PankovLink Asia/Bangkok Asia/Phnom_Penh # Cambodia 3065503609a9SYuri PankovLink Asia/Bangkok Asia/Vientiane # Laos 3066503609a9SYuri Pankov 3067503609a9SYuri Pankov# Turkmenistan 3068503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Shanks & Pottenger. 3069503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3070503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad 3071503609a9SYuri Pankov 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 3072503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00 3073503609a9SYuri Pankov 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00 3074503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 - +05 3075503609a9SYuri Pankov 3076503609a9SYuri Pankov# United Arab Emirates 3077503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3078503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920 3079dafc4501SDan McDonald 4:00 - +04 3080503609a9SYuri PankovLink Asia/Dubai Asia/Muscat # Oman 3081503609a9SYuri Pankov 3082503609a9SYuri Pankov# Uzbekistan 3083503609a9SYuri Pankov# Byalokoz 1919 says Uzbekistan was 4:27:53. 3084503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3085503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:53 - LMT 1924 May 2 3086503609a9SYuri Pankov 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 3087503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 3088503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 3089503609a9SYuri Pankov 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 3090503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 3091503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 - +05 3092503609a9SYuri Pankov# Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8; round to nearest. 3093503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:11 - LMT 1924 May 2 3094503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 3095503609a9SYuri Pankov 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00 3096503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 3097503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 - +05 3098503609a9SYuri Pankov 3099503609a9SYuri Pankov# Vietnam 3100503609a9SYuri Pankov 3101503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-04): 3102503609a9SYuri Pankov# Milne gives 7:16:56 for the meridian of Saigon in 1899, as being 3103503609a9SYuri Pankov# used in Lower Laos, Cambodia, and Annam. But this is quite a ways 3104503609a9SYuri Pankov# from Saigon's location. For now, ignore this and stick with Shanks 3105503609a9SYuri Pankov# and Pottenger for LMT before 1906. 3106503609a9SYuri Pankov 3107503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): 3108503609a9SYuri Pankov# The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Minh 3109503609a9SYuri Pankov# City"; use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters. 3110503609a9SYuri Pankov 3111503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-21) after a heads-up from Trần Ngọc Quân: 3112503609a9SYuri Pankov# Trần Tiến Bình's authoritative book "Lịch Việt Nam: thế kỷ XX-XXI (1901-2100)" 3113503609a9SYuri Pankov# (Nhà xuất bản Văn Hoá - Thông Tin, Hanoi, 2005), pp 49-50, 3114503609a9SYuri Pankov# is quoted verbatim in: 3115503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.thoigian.com.vn/?mPage=P80D01 3116503609a9SYuri Pankov# is translated by Brian Inglis in: 3117b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021654.html 3118503609a9SYuri Pankov# and is the basis for the information below. 3119503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3120503609a9SYuri Pankov# The 1906 transition was effective July 1 and standardized Indochina to 3121*3508b934SYuri Pankov# Phù Liễn Observatory, legally 104° 17' 17" east of Paris. 3122503609a9SYuri Pankov# It's unclear whether this meant legal Paris Mean Time (00:09:21) or 3123*3508b934SYuri Pankov# the Paris Meridian (2° 20' 14.03" E); the former yields 07:06:30.1333... 3124503609a9SYuri Pankov# and the latter 07:06:29.333... so either way it rounds to 07:06:30, 3125503609a9SYuri Pankov# which is used below even though the modern-day Phù Liễn Observatory 3126503609a9SYuri Pankov# is closer to 07:06:31. Abbreviate Phù Liễn Mean Time as PLMT. 3127503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3128503609a9SYuri Pankov# The following transitions occurred in Indochina in general (before 1954) 3129503609a9SYuri Pankov# and in South Vietnam in particular (after 1954): 3130503609a9SYuri Pankov# To 07:00 on 1911-05-01. 3131503609a9SYuri Pankov# To 08:00 on 1942-12-31 at 23:00. 3132503609a9SYuri Pankov# To 09:00 in 1945-03-14 at 23:00. 3133503609a9SYuri Pankov# To 07:00 on 1945-09-02 in Vietnam. 3134503609a9SYuri Pankov# To 08:00 on 1947-04-01 in French-controlled Indochina. 3135503609a9SYuri Pankov# To 07:00 on 1955-07-01 in South Vietnam. 3136503609a9SYuri Pankov# To 08:00 on 1959-12-31 at 23:00 in South Vietnam. 3137503609a9SYuri Pankov# To 07:00 on 1975-06-13 in South Vietnam. 3138503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3139503609a9SYuri Pankov# Trần cites the following sources; it's unclear which supplied the info above. 3140503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3141503609a9SYuri Pankov# Hoàng Xuân Hãn: "Lịch và lịch Việt Nam". Tập san Khoa học Xã hội, 3142503609a9SYuri Pankov# No. 9, Paris, February 1982. 3143503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3144503609a9SYuri Pankov# Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch và niên biểu lịch sử hai mươi thế kỷ (0001-2010)", 3145503609a9SYuri Pankov# NXB Thống kê, Hanoi, 2000. 3146503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3147503609a9SYuri Pankov# Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch hai thế kỷ (1802-2010) và các lịch vĩnh cửu", 3148503609a9SYuri Pankov# NXB Thuận Hoá, Huế, 1995. 3149503609a9SYuri Pankov 3150503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3151503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jul 1 3152dafc4501SDan McDonald 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1 # Phù Liễn MT 3153dafc4501SDan McDonald 7:00 - +07 1942 Dec 31 23:00 3154dafc4501SDan McDonald 8:00 - +08 1945 Mar 14 23:00 3155dafc4501SDan McDonald 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 2 3156dafc4501SDan McDonald 7:00 - +07 1947 Apr 1 3157dafc4501SDan McDonald 8:00 - +08 1955 Jul 1 3158dafc4501SDan McDonald 7:00 - +07 1959 Dec 31 23:00 3159dafc4501SDan McDonald 8:00 - +08 1975 Jun 13 3160dafc4501SDan McDonald 7:00 - +07 3161503609a9SYuri Pankov 3162503609a9SYuri Pankov# Yemen 3163503609a9SYuri Pankov# See Asia/Riyadh. 3164