105e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# tzdb data for Asia and environs 205e627dcSAndy Fiddaman 3503609a9SYuri Pankov# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 4503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 5503609a9SYuri Pankov 6503609a9SYuri Pankov# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 7503609a9SYuri Pankov# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 8503609a9SYuri Pankov# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 9503609a9SYuri Pankov# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 10503609a9SYuri Pankov 11374df668SAndy Fiddaman# From Paul Eggert (2019-07-11): 12503609a9SYuri Pankov# 13503609a9SYuri Pankov# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 14503609a9SYuri Pankov# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 15503609a9SYuri Pankov# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 16503609a9SYuri Pankov# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 17503609a9SYuri Pankov# 18dafc4501SDan McDonald# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source 19dafc4501SDan McDonald# for time zone data was the International Air Transport 20503609a9SYuri Pankov# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 21503609a9SYuri Pankov# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 22503609a9SYuri Pankov# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 23503609a9SYuri Pankov# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 24503609a9SYuri Pankov# 25503609a9SYuri Pankov# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 26503609a9SYuri Pankov# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 27503609a9SYuri Pankov# I found in the UCLA library. 28503609a9SYuri Pankov# 29503609a9SYuri Pankov# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 30503609a9SYuri Pankov# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 31b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 32503609a9SYuri Pankov# 33503609a9SYuri Pankov# For Russian data circa 1919, a source is: 34503609a9SYuri Pankov# Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919. 35503609a9SYuri Pankov# (See the 'europe' file for a fuller citation.) 36503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3705e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# The following alphabetic abbreviations appear in these tables 3805e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# (corrections are welcome): 39503609a9SYuri Pankov# std dst 40503609a9SYuri Pankov# LMT Local Mean Time 41503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time 42503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2:00 IST IDT Israel 43503609a9SYuri Pankov# 5:30 IST India 44503609a9SYuri Pankov# 7:00 WIB west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat) 45503609a9SYuri Pankov# 8:00 WITA central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah) 46503609a9SYuri Pankov# 8:00 CST China 47374df668SAndy Fiddaman# 8:00 HKT HKST Hong Kong (HKWT* for Winter Time in late 1941) 48374df668SAndy Fiddaman# 8:00 PST PDT* Philippines 49dafc4501SDan McDonald# 8:30 KST KDT Korea when at +0830 50503609a9SYuri Pankov# 9:00 WIT east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur) 51503609a9SYuri Pankov# 9:00 JST JDT Japan 52503609a9SYuri Pankov# 9:00 KST KDT Korea when at +09 53374df668SAndy Fiddaman# *I invented the abbreviations HKWT and PDT; see below. 54dafc4501SDan McDonald# Otherwise, these tables typically use numeric abbreviations like +03 554b8ee424SYuri Pankov# and +0330 for integer hour and minute UT offsets. Although earlier 56dafc4501SDan McDonald# editions invented alphabetic time zone abbreviations for every 57dafc4501SDan McDonald# offset, this did not reflect common practice. 58503609a9SYuri Pankov# 59503609a9SYuri Pankov# See the 'europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia. 60503609a9SYuri Pankov 61503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Guy Harris: 62503609a9SYuri Pankov# Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as 63503609a9SYuri Pankov# additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental 64503609a9SYuri Pankov# Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide - 65dafc4501SDan McDonald# Worldwide Edition). 66503609a9SYuri Pankov 67503609a9SYuri Pankov############################################################################### 68503609a9SYuri Pankov 69503609a9SYuri Pankov# These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file. 70f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 71503609a9SYuri PankovRule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S 72503609a9SYuri PankovRule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 73503609a9SYuri PankovRule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - 743508b934SYuri PankovRule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 - 75503609a9SYuri PankovRule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 76503609a9SYuri PankovRule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 773508b934SYuri PankovRule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 - 78503609a9SYuri PankovRule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 79503609a9SYuri PankovRule RussiaAsia 1984 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 803508b934SYuri PankovRule RussiaAsia 1985 2010 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 81b654b02dSYuri PankovRule RussiaAsia 1996 2010 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 82503609a9SYuri Pankov 83503609a9SYuri Pankov# Afghanistan 84374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 85503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890 86dafc4501SDan McDonald 4:00 - +04 1945 87dafc4501SDan McDonald 4:30 - +0430 88503609a9SYuri Pankov 89503609a9SYuri Pankov# Armenia 90503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 91503609a9SYuri Pankov# Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST) 92503609a9SYuri Pankov# in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then 93503609a9SYuri Pankov# readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even 94503609a9SYuri Pankov# when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz 95503609a9SYuri Pankov# reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST 96503609a9SYuri Pankov# in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that 97503609a9SYuri Pankov# Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991, 98503609a9SYuri Pankov# but started switching at 3:00s in 1998. 99503609a9SYuri Pankov 100503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15): 101503609a9SYuri Pankov# While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to 102503609a9SYuri Pankov# follow Russia's "old" rules. 103503609a9SYuri Pankov 104503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-02-10): 105503609a9SYuri Pankov# According to News Armenia, on Feb 9, 2012, 106503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://newsarmenia.ru/society/20120209/42609695.html 107503609a9SYuri Pankov# 108503609a9SYuri Pankov# The Armenia National Assembly adopted final reading of Amendments to the 109503609a9SYuri Pankov# Law "On procedure of calculation time on the territory of the Republic of 110503609a9SYuri Pankov# Armenia" according to which Armenia [is] abolishing Daylight Saving Time. 111503609a9SYuri Pankov# or 112503609a9SYuri Pankov# (brief) 113503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_armenia03.html 114f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1153508b934SYuri PankovRule Armenia 2011 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 116b654b02dSYuri PankovRule Armenia 2011 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 117374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 118503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2 119503609a9SYuri Pankov 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar 120503609a9SYuri Pankov 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 121503609a9SYuri Pankov 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1995 Sep 24 2:00s 122503609a9SYuri Pankov 4:00 - +04 1997 123b654b02dSYuri Pankov 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2011 124b654b02dSYuri Pankov 4:00 Armenia +04/+05 125503609a9SYuri Pankov 126503609a9SYuri Pankov# Azerbaijan 127503609a9SYuri Pankov 128503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23): 129503609a9SYuri Pankov# According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997 130503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2015-09-17): It was Resolution No. 21 (1997-03-17). 131503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://code.az/files/daylight_res.pdf 132503609a9SYuri Pankov 133503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-03-17): 134503609a9SYuri Pankov# ... the Azerbaijani Cabinet of Ministers has cancelled switching to 135503609a9SYuri Pankov# daylight saving time.... 136b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.azernews.az/azerbaijan/94137.html 137503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/Azerbaijani-Cabinet-of-Ministers-cancels-daylight-saving-time.html 138503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://en.apa.az/xeber_azerbaijan_abolishes_daylight_savings_ti_240862.html 139503609a9SYuri Pankov 140f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1413508b934SYuri PankovRule Azer 1997 2015 - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 - 142503609a9SYuri PankovRule Azer 1997 2015 - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 - 143374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 144503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 145503609a9SYuri Pankov 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar 146503609a9SYuri Pankov 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 147503609a9SYuri Pankov 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1992 Sep lastSun 2:00s 148503609a9SYuri Pankov 4:00 - +04 1996 149503609a9SYuri Pankov 4:00 EUAsia +04/+05 1997 150503609a9SYuri Pankov 4:00 Azer +04/+05 151503609a9SYuri Pankov 152503609a9SYuri Pankov# Bangladesh 153503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13): 154503609a9SYuri Pankov# According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce 155503609a9SYuri Pankov# Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30 156503609a9SYuri Pankov# 157503609a9SYuri Pankov# Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16 158503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288 159503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html 160503609a9SYuri Pankov# 161503609a9SYuri Pankov# "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from 162503609a9SYuri Pankov# June 163503609a9SYuri Pankov# 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with 164503609a9SYuri Pankov# crippling power crisis. " 165503609a9SYuri Pankov# 166503609a9SYuri Pankov# The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if 167503609a9SYuri Pankov# implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010 168503609a9SYuri Pankov 169503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02): 170503609a9SYuri Pankov# They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between 171503609a9SYuri Pankov# the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet. 172503609a9SYuri Pankov# 173503609a9SYuri Pankov# Some sources: 174b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601 175503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2 176503609a9SYuri Pankov# 177503609a9SYuri Pankov# Our wrap-up: 178b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html 179503609a9SYuri Pankov 180503609a9SYuri Pankov# From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15): 181503609a9SYuri Pankov# Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start 182503609a9SYuri Pankov# time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh 183503609a9SYuri Pankov# Telecommunication Regulatory Commission). 184503609a9SYuri Pankov# 185503609a9SYuri Pankov# No DST end date has been announced yet. 186503609a9SYuri Pankov 187503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25): 188503609a9SYuri Pankov# Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009, 189503609a9SYuri Pankov# instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision. 190503609a9SYuri Pankov# 191503609a9SYuri Pankov# Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday": 192503609a9SYuri Pankov# "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1" 193503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021 194503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html 195503609a9SYuri Pankov 196503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13): 197503609a9SYuri Pankov# IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports: 198503609a9SYuri Pankov# Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make 199503609a9SYuri Pankov# maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would 200503609a9SYuri Pankov# "continue for an indefinite period." 201503609a9SYuri Pankov# 202503609a9SYuri Pankov# One of many places where it is published: 203503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html 204503609a9SYuri Pankov 205503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24): 206503609a9SYuri Pankov# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star," 207503609a9SYuri Pankov# Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009. 208503609a9SYuri Pankov# 209503609a9SYuri Pankov# Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night. 210503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228 211503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html 212503609a9SYuri Pankov# 213503609a9SYuri Pankov# "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour 214503609a9SYuri Pankov# on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31, 215503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime 216503609a9SYuri Pankov# Minister's Office last night..." 217503609a9SYuri Pankov 218503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22): 219503609a9SYuri Pankov# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star," 220503609a9SYuri Pankov# Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time 221503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817 222503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html 223503609a9SYuri Pankov 224f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2253508b934SYuri PankovRule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 - 226503609a9SYuri PankovRule Dhaka 2009 only - Dec 31 24:00 0 - 227503609a9SYuri Pankov 228374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 229503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890 230503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 231dafc4501SDan McDonald 6:30 - +0630 1942 May 15 232dafc4501SDan McDonald 5:30 - +0530 1942 Sep 233dafc4501SDan McDonald 6:30 - +0630 1951 Sep 30 234dafc4501SDan McDonald 6:00 - +06 2009 235dafc4501SDan McDonald 6:00 Dhaka +06/+07 236503609a9SYuri Pankov 237503609a9SYuri Pankov# Bhutan 238374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 239503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu 240dafc4501SDan McDonald 5:30 - +0530 1987 Oct 241dafc4501SDan McDonald 6:00 - +06 242503609a9SYuri Pankov 243503609a9SYuri Pankov# British Indian Ocean Territory 244503609a9SYuri Pankov# Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the 245503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996. 246503609a9SYuri Pankov# We have no information as to when standard time was introduced; 247503609a9SYuri Pankov# assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which 248503609a9SYuri Pankov# then contained the Chagos Archipelago). 249374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 250503609a9SYuri PankovZone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907 251dafc4501SDan McDonald 5:00 - +05 1996 252dafc4501SDan McDonald 6:00 - +06 253503609a9SYuri Pankov 254f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Cocos (Keeling) Islands 255f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Myanmar (Burma) 256503609a9SYuri Pankov 257503609a9SYuri Pankov# Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon. 258503609a9SYuri Pankov 259b654b02dSYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-20): 260b654b02dSYuri Pankov# Page 27 of Reed & Low (cited for Asia/Kolkata) says "Rangoon local time is 261b654b02dSYuri Pankov# used upon the railways and telegraphs of Burma, and is 6h. 24m. 47s. ahead 262b654b02dSYuri Pankov# of Greenwich." This refers to the period before Burma's transition to +0630, 263b654b02dSYuri Pankov# a transition for which Shanks is the only source. 264b654b02dSYuri Pankov 265374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 266b654b02dSYuri PankovZone Asia/Yangon 6:24:47 - LMT 1880 # or Rangoon 267b654b02dSYuri Pankov 6:24:47 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon local time 268dafc4501SDan McDonald 6:30 - +0630 1942 May 269dafc4501SDan McDonald 9:00 - +09 1945 May 3 270dafc4501SDan McDonald 6:30 - +0630 271503609a9SYuri Pankov 272503609a9SYuri Pankov# China 273503609a9SYuri Pankov 2745254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# From Phake Nick (2020-04-15): 2755254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# According to this news report: 2765254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2004-09-01/19524201403.shtml 2775254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# on April 11, 1919, newspaper in Shanghai said clocks in Shanghai will spring 2785254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# forward for an hour starting from midnight of that Saturday. The report did 2795254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# not mention what happened in Shanghai thereafter, but it mentioned that a 2805254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# similar trial in Tianjin which ended at October 1st as citizens are told to 2815254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# recede the clock on September 30 from 12:00pm to 11:00pm. The trial at 2825254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# Tianjin got terminated in 1920. 2835254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# 2845254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# From Paul Eggert (2020-04-15): 2855254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# The Returns of Trade and Trade Reports, page 711, says "Daylight saving was 2865254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# given a trial during the year, and from the 12th April to the 1st October 2875254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# the clocks were all set one hour ahead of sun time. Though the scheme was 2885254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# generally esteemed a success, it was announced early in 1920 that it would 2895254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# not be repeated." 2905254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# 291f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2925254d4faSAndy FiddamanRule Shang 1919 only - Apr 12 24:00 1:00 D 2935254d4faSAndy FiddamanRule Shang 1919 only - Sep 30 24:00 0 S 2945254d4faSAndy Fiddaman 29505e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# From Paul Eggert (2018-10-02): 29605e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# The following comes from Table 1 of: 29705e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# Li Yu. Research on the daylight saving movement in 1940s Shanghai. 29805e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# Nanjing Journal of Social Sciences. 2014;(2):144-50. 29905e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# http://oversea.cnki.net/kns55/detail.aspx?dbname=CJFD2014&filename=NJSH201402020 30005e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# The table lists dates only; I am guessing 00:00 and 24:00 transition times. 30105e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# Also, the table lists the planned end of DST in 1949, but the corresponding 30205e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# zone line cuts this off on May 28, when the Communists took power. 3035254d4faSAndy Fiddaman 3045254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# From Phake Nick (2020-04-15): 3055254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# 3065254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# For the history of time in Shanghai between 1940-1942, the situation is 3075254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# actually slightly more complex than the table [below].... At the time, 3085254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# there were three different authorities in Shanghai, including Shanghai 3095254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# International Settlement, a settlement established by western countries with 3105254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# its own westernized form of government, Shanghai French Concession, similar 3115254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# to the international settlement but is controlled by French, and then the 3125254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# rest of the city of Shanghai, which have already been controlled by Japanese 3135254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# force through a puppet local government (Wang Jingwei regime). It was 3145254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# additionally complicated by the circumstances that, according to the 1940s 3155254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# Shanghai summer time essay cited in the database, some 3165254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# departments/businesses/people in the Shanghai city itself during that time 3175254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# period, refused to change their clock and instead only changed their opening 3185254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# hours. 3195254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# 3205254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# For example, as quoted in the article, in 1940, other than the authority 3215254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# itself, power, tram, bus companies, cinema, department stores, and other 3225254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# public service organizations have all decided to follow the summer time and 3235254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# spring forward the clock. On the other hand, the custom office refused to 3245254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# spring forward the clock because of worry on mechanical wear to the physical 3255254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# clock, postal office refused to spring forward because of disruption to 3265254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# business and log-keeping, although they did changed their office hour to 3275254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# match rest of the city. So is travel agents, and also weather 3285254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# observatory. It is said both time standards had their own supporters in the 3295254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# city at the time, those who prefer new time standard would have moved their 3305254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# clock while those who prefer the old time standard would keep their clock 3315254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# unchange, and there were different clocks that use different time standard 3325254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# in the city at the time for people who use different time standard to adjust 3335254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# their clock to their preferred time. 3345254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# 335427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# a. For the 1940 May 31 spring forward, the essay [says] ... "Hong 336427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# Kong government implemented the spring forward in the same time on 337427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# the same date as Shanghai". 3385254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# 3395254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# b. For the 1940 fall back, it was said that they initially intended to do 3405254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# so on September 30 00:59 at night, however they postponed it to October 12 3415254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# after discussion with relevant parties. However schools restored to the 3425254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# original schedule ten days earlier. 3435254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# 3445254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# c. For the 1941 spring forward, it is said to start from March 15 3455254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# "following the previous year's method", and in addition to that the essay 3465254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# cited an announcement in 1941 from the Wang regime which said the Special 3475254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# City of Shanghai under Wang regime control will follow the DST rule set by 3485254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# the Settlements, irrespective of the original DST plan announced by the Wang 3495254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# regime for other area under its control(April 1 to September 30). (no idea 3505254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# to situation before that announcement) 3515254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# 3525254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# d. For the 1941 fall back, it was said that the fall back would occurs at 3535254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# the end of September (A newspaper headline cited by the essay, published on 3545254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# October 1, 1941, have the headlines which said "French Concession would 3555254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# rewind to the old clock this morning), but it ultimately didn't happen due 3565254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# to disagreement between the international settlement authority and the 3575254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# French concession authority, and the fall back ultimately occurred on 3585254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# November 1. 3595254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# 3605254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# e. In 1941 December, Japan have officially started war with the United 3615254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# States and the United Kingdom, and in Shanghai they have marched into the 3625254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# international settlement, taken over its control 3635254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# 3645254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# f. For the 1942 spring forward, the essay said that the spring forward 3655254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# started on January 31. It said this time the custom office and postal 3665254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# department will also change their clocks, unlike before. 3675254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# 3685254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# g. The essay itself didn't cover any specific changes thereafter until the 3695254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# end of the war, it quoted a November 1942 command from the government of the 3705254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# Wang regime, which claim the daylight saving time applies year round during 3715254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# the war. However, the essay ambiguously said the period is "February 1 to 3725254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# September 30", which I don't really understand what is the meaning of such 3735254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# period in the context of year round implementation here.. More researches 3745254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# might be needed to show exactly what happened during that period of time. 3755254d4faSAndy Fiddaman 3765254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# From Phake Nick (2020-04-15): 3775254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# According to a Japanese tour bus pamphlet in Nanjing area believed to be 3785254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# from around year 1941: http://www.tt-museum.jp/tairiku_0280_nan1941.html , 3795254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# the schedule listed was in the format of Japanese time. Which indicate some 3805254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# use of the Japanese time (instead of syncing by DST) might have occurred in 3815254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# the Yangtze river delta area during that period of time although the scope 3825254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# of such use will need to be investigated to determine. 38305e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# 384f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 38505e627dcSAndy FiddamanRule Shang 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 38605e627dcSAndy FiddamanRule Shang 1940 only - Oct 12 24:00 0 S 38705e627dcSAndy FiddamanRule Shang 1941 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D 38805e627dcSAndy FiddamanRule Shang 1941 only - Nov 1 24:00 0 S 38905e627dcSAndy FiddamanRule Shang 1942 only - Jan 31 0:00 1:00 D 39005e627dcSAndy FiddamanRule Shang 1945 only - Sep 1 24:00 0 S 39105e627dcSAndy FiddamanRule Shang 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D 39205e627dcSAndy FiddamanRule Shang 1946 only - Sep 30 24:00 0 S 39305e627dcSAndy FiddamanRule Shang 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D 39405e627dcSAndy FiddamanRule Shang 1947 only - Oct 31 24:00 0 S 39505e627dcSAndy FiddamanRule Shang 1948 1949 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 39605e627dcSAndy FiddamanRule Shang 1948 1949 - Sep 30 24:00 0 S #plan 39705e627dcSAndy Fiddaman 398503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Guy Harris: 399503609a9SYuri Pankov# People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone. 400503609a9SYuri Pankov 401503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 402503609a9SYuri Pankov# No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though 403503609a9SYuri Pankov# China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the 404503609a9SYuri Pankov# Peking (Beijing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China 405503609a9SYuri Pankov# has two of 'em - Peking's and Ürümqi (named after the capital of 406503609a9SYuri Pankov# the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it. 407503609a9SYuri Pankov# 408503609a9SYuri Pankov# . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too 409503609a9SYuri Pankov# painful to suck in another copy. So, here is what I have for 410503609a9SYuri Pankov# DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP): 411503609a9SYuri Pankov# 412503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1986 May 4 - Sept 14 413503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1987 mid-April - ?? 414503609a9SYuri Pankov 415503609a9SYuri Pankov# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19): 416503609a9SYuri Pankov# CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN 417503609a9SYuri Pankov# CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10 418503609a9SYuri Pankov 419503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11): 420503609a9SYuri Pankov# Jim Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight 421503609a9SYuri Pankov# time - sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05 ... [says] that China began 422503609a9SYuri Pankov# observing daylight saving time in 1986. 423503609a9SYuri Pankov 42405e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# From P Chan (2018-05-07): 42505e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# The start and end time of DST in China [from 1986 on] should be 2:00 42605e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# (i.e. 2:00 to 3:00 at the start and 2:00 to 1:00 at the end).... 42705e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# Government notices about summer time: 42805e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# 42905e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# 1986-04-12 http://www.zj.gov.cn/attach/zfgb/198608.pdf p.21-22 43005e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# (To establish summer time from 1986. On 4 May, set the clocks ahead one hour 43105e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# at 2 am. On 14 September, set the clocks backward one hour at 2 am.) 43205e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# 43305e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# 1987-02-15 http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/shuju/1987/gwyb198703.pdf p.114 43405e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# (Summer time in 1987 to start from 12 April until 13 September) 43505e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# 43605e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# 1987-09-09 http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/shuju/1987/gwyb198721.pdf p.709 43705e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# (From 1988, summer time to start from 2 am of the first Sunday of mid-April 43805e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# until 2 am of the first Sunday of mid-September) 43905e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# 44005e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# 1992-03-03 http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/shuju/1992/gwyb199205.pdf p.152 44105e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# (To suspend summer time from 1992) 44205e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# 44305e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# The first page of People's Daily on 12 April 1988 stating that summer time 44405e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# to begin on 17 April. 44505e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# http://data.people.com.cn/pic/101p/1988/04/1988041201.jpg 44605e627dcSAndy Fiddaman 447f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 44805e627dcSAndy FiddamanRule PRC 1986 only - May 4 2:00 1:00 D 44905e627dcSAndy FiddamanRule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 2:00 0 S 45005e627dcSAndy FiddamanRule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=11 2:00 1:00 D 451503609a9SYuri Pankov 452503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20): 453503609a9SYuri Pankov# BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five 454503609a9SYuri Pankov# historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official 455503609a9SYuri Pankov# Chinese names for these locales (before 1949). 456503609a9SYuri Pankov# 457503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-07-14): 458503609a9SYuri Pankov# I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the 459b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county 460503609a9SYuri Pankov# boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two 461503609a9SYuri Pankov# counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border, 462503609a9SYuri Pankov# counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are 463503609a9SYuri Pankov# therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege 464503609a9SYuri Pankov# county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6 465503609a9SYuri Pankov# (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two 466503609a9SYuri Pankov# counties are mistakes in the astro.com data. 467503609a9SYuri Pankov 468dafc4501SDan McDonald# From Paul Eggert (2017-01-05): 469503609a9SYuri Pankov# Alois Treindl kindly sent me translations of the following two sources: 470503609a9SYuri Pankov# 471503609a9SYuri Pankov# (1) 47205e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# Guo Qing-sheng (National Time-Service Center, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China) 473503609a9SYuri Pankov# Beijing Time at the Beginning of the PRC 474503609a9SYuri Pankov# China Historical Materials of Science and Technology 47505e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# (Zhongguo ke ji shi liao, 中国科技史料). 2003;24(1):5-9. 47605e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# http://oversea.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?filename=ZGKS200301000&dbname=CJFD2003 477503609a9SYuri Pankov# It gives evidence that at the beginning of the PRC, Beijing time was 478503609a9SYuri Pankov# officially apparent solar time! However, Guo also says that the 479503609a9SYuri Pankov# evidence is dubious, as the relevant institute of astronomy had not 480503609a9SYuri Pankov# been taken over by the PRC yet. It's plausible that apparent solar 481503609a9SYuri Pankov# time was announced but never implemented, and that people continued 482503609a9SYuri Pankov# to use UT+8. As the Shanghai radio station (and I presume the 483503609a9SYuri Pankov# observatory) was still under control of French missionaries, it 484503609a9SYuri Pankov# could well have ignored any such mandate. 485503609a9SYuri Pankov# 486503609a9SYuri Pankov# (2) 487503609a9SYuri Pankov# Guo Qing-sheng (Shaanxi Astronomical Observatory, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China) 488503609a9SYuri Pankov# A Study on the Standard Time Changes for the Past 100 Years in China 489503609a9SYuri Pankov# [undated and unknown publication location] 490503609a9SYuri Pankov# It says several things: 491503609a9SYuri Pankov# * The Qing dynasty used local apparent solar time throughout China. 492503609a9SYuri Pankov# * The Republic of China instituted Beijing mean solar time effective 493503609a9SYuri Pankov# the official calendar book of 1914. 494503609a9SYuri Pankov# * The French Concession in Shanghai set up signal stations in 495503609a9SYuri Pankov# French docks in the 1890s, controlled by Xujiahui (Zikawei) 496503609a9SYuri Pankov# Observatory and set to local mean time. 497503609a9SYuri Pankov# * "From the end of the 19th century" it changed to UT+8. 498503609a9SYuri Pankov# * Chinese Customs (by then reduced to a tool of foreign powers) 499503609a9SYuri Pankov# eventually standardized on this time for all ports, and it 500503609a9SYuri Pankov# became used by railways as well. 501503609a9SYuri Pankov# * In 1918 the Central Observatory proposed dividing China into 502503609a9SYuri Pankov# five time zones (see below for details). This caught on 503503609a9SYuri Pankov# at first only in coastal areas observing UT+8. 504503609a9SYuri Pankov# * During WWII all of China was in theory was at UT+7. In practice 505503609a9SYuri Pankov# this was ignored in the west, and I presume was ignored in 506503609a9SYuri Pankov# Japanese-occupied territory. 507503609a9SYuri Pankov# * Japanese-occupied Manchuria was at UT+9, i.e., Japan time. 508503609a9SYuri Pankov# * The five-zone plan was resurrected after WWII and officially put into 509503609a9SYuri Pankov# place (with some modifications) in March 1948. It's not clear 510503609a9SYuri Pankov# how well it was observed in areas under Nationalist control. 511503609a9SYuri Pankov# * The People's Liberation Army used UT+8 during the civil war. 512503609a9SYuri Pankov# 513503609a9SYuri Pankov# An AP article "Shanghai Internat'l Area Little Changed" in the 514503609a9SYuri Pankov# Lewiston (ME) Daily Sun (1939-05-29), p 17, said "Even the time is 515503609a9SYuri Pankov# different - the occupied districts going by Tokyo time, an hour 516503609a9SYuri Pankov# ahead of that prevailing in the rest of Shanghai." Guess that the 517503609a9SYuri Pankov# Xujiahui Observatory was under French control and stuck with UT +08. 518503609a9SYuri Pankov# 519503609a9SYuri Pankov# In earlier versions of this file, China had many separate Zone entries, but 520503609a9SYuri Pankov# this was based on what were apparently incorrect data in Shanks & Pottenger. 521503609a9SYuri Pankov# This has now been simplified to the two entries Asia/Shanghai and 522503609a9SYuri Pankov# Asia/Urumqi, with the others being links for backward compatibility. 523503609a9SYuri Pankov# Proposed in 1918 and theoretically in effect until 1949 (although in practice 524503609a9SYuri Pankov# mainly observed in coastal areas), the five zones were: 525503609a9SYuri Pankov# 526503609a9SYuri Pankov# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) UT +08:30 527dafc4501SDan McDonald# Now part of Asia/Shanghai; its pre-1970 times are not recorded here. 528503609a9SYuri Pankov# Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin 529503609a9SYuri Pankov# 530503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT +08 531dafc4501SDan McDonald# Now part of Asia/Shanghai. 532503609a9SYuri Pankov# most of China 533427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# Milne gives 8:05:43.2 for Xujiahui Observatory time.... 534503609a9SYuri Pankov# Guo says Shanghai switched to UT +08 "from the end of the 19th century". 535503609a9SYuri Pankov# 536dafc4501SDan McDonald# Long-shu Time (probably as Long and Shu were two names of the area) UT +07 537dafc4501SDan McDonald# Now part of Asia/Shanghai; its pre-1970 times are not recorded here. 538503609a9SYuri Pankov# Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan; 539dafc4501SDan McDonald# most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; east Qinghai; and the Guangdong 540503609a9SYuri Pankov# counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing, 541503609a9SYuri Pankov# Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu. 542503609a9SYuri Pankov# 543503609a9SYuri Pankov# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT +06 544dafc4501SDan McDonald# This region is now part of either Asia/Urumqi or Asia/Shanghai with 545dafc4501SDan McDonald# current boundaries uncertain; times before 1970 for areas that 546dafc4501SDan McDonald# disagree with Ürümqi or Shanghai are not recorded here. 547503609a9SYuri Pankov# The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai; 548503609a9SYuri Pankov# the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang, 549503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi; 550503609a9SYuri Pankov# east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi; 551503609a9SYuri Pankov# east Xinjiang, including Ürümqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe, 552503609a9SYuri Pankov# Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin, 553503609a9SYuri Pankov# Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami, 554503609a9SYuri Pankov# Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan. 555503609a9SYuri Pankov# 556503609a9SYuri Pankov# Kunlun Time UT +05:30 557dafc4501SDan McDonald# This region is now in the same status as Xin-zang Time (see above). 558503609a9SYuri Pankov# West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule; 559503609a9SYuri Pankov# West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke, 560503609a9SYuri Pankov# Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding, 561503609a9SYuri Pankov# and Yarkand. 562503609a9SYuri Pankov 563503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Luther Ma (2009-10-17): 564503609a9SYuri Pankov# Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in 565503609a9SYuri Pankov# Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time, 566503609a9SYuri Pankov# but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on 567503609a9SYuri Pankov# what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese 568503609a9SYuri Pankov# they implicitly use Beijing time. 569503609a9SYuri Pankov# 570503609a9SYuri Pankov# On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the 571503609a9SYuri Pankov# population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two 572503609a9SYuri Pankov# hours behind Beijing time, or UT +06. The government of the Xinjiang 573503609a9SYuri Pankov# Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as 574503609a9SYuri Pankov# local governments such as the Ürümqi city government use both times in 575503609a9SYuri Pankov# publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as 576503609a9SYuri Pankov# "Ürümqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language 577503609a9SYuri Pankov# they almost invariably use Xinjiang time. 578503609a9SYuri Pankov# 579503609a9SYuri Pankov# (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its 580503609a9SYuri Pankov# widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in 581503609a9SYuri Pankov# Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.) 582503609a9SYuri Pankov# 583503609a9SYuri Pankov# (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990 584503609a9SYuri Pankov# or 1991 when summer time was in use. The confusion was severe, with 585503609a9SYuri Pankov# the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same 586503609a9SYuri Pankov# time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and 587503609a9SYuri Pankov# others moving their clocks ahead.) 588503609a9SYuri Pankov 589503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Luther Ma (2009-11-19): 590503609a9SYuri Pankov# With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common 591503609a9SYuri Pankov# English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols): 592503609a9SYuri Pankov# 593503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1. Wulumuqi... 594503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2. Kashi... 595503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3. Urumqi... 596503609a9SYuri Pankov# 4. Kashgar... 597503609a9SYuri Pankov# ... 598503609a9SYuri Pankov# 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Ürümqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the 599503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding 600503609a9SYuri Pankov# countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child. 601503609a9SYuri Pankov# 602503609a9SYuri Pankov# 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any 603503609a9SYuri Pankov# start date for Xinjiang time. 604503609a9SYuri Pankov# 605503609a9SYuri Pankov# Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally 606503609a9SYuri Pankov# publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur 607503609a9SYuri Pankov# Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also 608503609a9SYuri Pankov# not be using Beijing time, but some local time.) 609503609a9SYuri Pankov 610503609a9SYuri Pankov# From David Cochrane (2014-03-26): 611503609a9SYuri Pankov# Just a confirmation that Ürümqi time was implemented in Ürümqi on 1 Feb 1986: 612b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960684,00.html 613503609a9SYuri Pankov 614503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Luther Ma (2014-04-22): 615503609a9SYuri Pankov# I have interviewed numerous people of various nationalities and from 616503609a9SYuri Pankov# different localities in Xinjiang and can confirm the information in Guo's 617503609a9SYuri Pankov# report regarding Xinjiang, as well as the Time article reference by David 618503609a9SYuri Pankov# Cochrane. Whether officially recognized or not (and both are officially 619503609a9SYuri Pankov# recognized), two separate times have been in use in Xinjiang since at least 620503609a9SYuri Pankov# the Cultural Revolution: Xinjiang Time (XJT), aka Ürümqi Time or local time; 621503609a9SYuri Pankov# and Beijing Time. There is no confusion in Xinjiang as to which name refers 622503609a9SYuri Pankov# to which time. Both are widely used in the province, although in some 623503609a9SYuri Pankov# population groups might be use one to the exclusion of the other. The only 624503609a9SYuri Pankov# problem is that computers and smart phones list Ürümqi (or Kashgar) as 625503609a9SYuri Pankov# having the same time as Beijing. 626503609a9SYuri Pankov 627503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 628503609a9SYuri Pankov# In the early days of the PRC, Tibet was given its own time zone (UT +06) 629503609a9SYuri Pankov# but this was withdrawn in 1959 and never reinstated; see Tubten Khétsun, 630503609a9SYuri Pankov# Memories of life in Lhasa under Chinese Rule, Columbia U Press, ISBN 631503609a9SYuri Pankov# 978-0231142861 (2008), translator's introduction by Matthew Akester, p x. 632503609a9SYuri Pankov# As this is before our 1970 cutoff, Tibet doesn't need a separate zone. 633503609a9SYuri Pankov# 634503609a9SYuri Pankov# Xinjiang Time is well-documented as being officially recognized. E.g., see 635503609a9SYuri Pankov# "The Working-Calendar for The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government" 636503609a9SYuri Pankov# <http://www.sinkiang.gov.cn/service/ourworking/> (2014-04-22). 637503609a9SYuri Pankov# Unfortunately, we have no good records of time in Xinjiang before 1986. 638503609a9SYuri Pankov# During the 20th century parts of Xinjiang were ruled by the Qing dynasty, 639503609a9SYuri Pankov# the Republic of China, various warlords, the First and Second East Turkestan 640503609a9SYuri Pankov# Republics, the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang, and the People's Republic of 641503609a9SYuri Pankov# China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be 642503609a9SYuri Pankov# quite a trick. Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to 643503609a9SYuri Pankov# UT +06 at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren, 644503609a9SYuri Pankov# which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a 645503609a9SYuri Pankov# guess) as the transition from LMT. Ignore the usage of +08 before 646503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to +08 is unknown and 647503609a9SYuri Pankov# that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the 648503609a9SYuri Pankov# +08 mandate back then. 649503609a9SYuri Pankov 650374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 651503609a9SYuri Pankov# Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai. 652427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman #STDOFF 8:05:43.2 653503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:43 - LMT 1901 65405e627dcSAndy Fiddaman 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949 May 28 655503609a9SYuri Pankov 8:00 PRC C%sT 656503609a9SYuri Pankov# Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by Ürümqi / Ürümchi 657503609a9SYuri Pankov# / Wulumuqi. (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.) 658503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 659dafc4501SDan McDonald 6:00 - +06 660503609a9SYuri Pankov 6615254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# Hong Kong 662503609a9SYuri Pankov 663427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# Milne gives 7:36:41.7. 664503609a9SYuri Pankov 665503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24): 666503609a9SYuri Pankov# I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong 667503609a9SYuri Pankov# Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually, 668503609a9SYuri Pankov# it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK, 669503609a9SYuri Pankov# and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing 670503609a9SYuri Pankov# and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I 6715254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# think 3:30 is correct. 672503609a9SYuri Pankov 673251a62bcSDominik Hassler# From Phake Nick (2018-10-27): 674251a62bcSDominik Hassler# According to Singaporean newspaper 675251a62bcSDominik Hassler# http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/singfreepresswk19041102-1.2.37 676251a62bcSDominik Hassler# the day that Hong Kong start using GMT+8 should be Oct 30, 1904. 677251a62bcSDominik Hassler# 678251a62bcSDominik Hassler# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-17): 679251a62bcSDominik Hassler# Hong Kong had a time ball near the Marine Police Station, Tsim Sha Tsui. 680251a62bcSDominik Hassler# "The ball was raised manually each day and dropped at exactly 1pm 681251a62bcSDominik Hassler# (except on Sundays and Government holidays)." 682251a62bcSDominik Hassler# Dyson AD. From Time Ball to Atomic Clock. Hong Kong Government. 1983. 683251a62bcSDominik Hassler# <https://www.hko.gov.hk/publica/gen_pub/timeball_atomic_clock.pdf> 684251a62bcSDominik Hassler# "From 1904 October 30 the time-ball at Hong Kong has been dropped by order 685251a62bcSDominik Hassler# of the Governor of the Colony at 17h 0m 0s G.M.T., which is 23m 18s.14 in 686251a62bcSDominik Hassler# advance of 1h 0m 0s of Hong Kong mean time." 687251a62bcSDominik Hassler# Hollis HP. Universal Time, Longitudes, and Geodesy. Mon Not R Astron Soc. 688251a62bcSDominik Hassler# 1905-02-10;65(4):405-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/65.4.382 689251a62bcSDominik Hassler# 690251a62bcSDominik Hassler# From Joseph Myers (2018-11-18): 691251a62bcSDominik Hassler# An astronomer before 1925 referring to GMT would have been using the old 692251a62bcSDominik Hassler# astronomical convention where the day started at noon, not midnight. 693251a62bcSDominik Hassler# 694251a62bcSDominik Hassler# From Steve Allen (2018-11-17): 695251a62bcSDominik Hassler# Meteorological Observations made at the Hongkong Observatory in the year 1904 696251a62bcSDominik Hassler# page 4 <https://books.google.com/books?id=kgw5AQAAMAAJ&pg=RA4-PA4> 697251a62bcSDominik Hassler# ... the log of drop times in Table II shows that on Sunday 1904-10-30 the 698251a62bcSDominik Hassler# ball was dropped. So that looks like a special case drop for the sake 699251a62bcSDominik Hassler# of broadcasting the new local time. 700251a62bcSDominik Hassler# 701251a62bcSDominik Hassler# From Phake Nick (2018-11-18): 702251a62bcSDominik Hassler# According to The Hong Kong Weekly Press, 1904-10-29, p.324, the 703251a62bcSDominik Hassler# governor of Hong Kong at the time stated that "We are further desired to 704251a62bcSDominik Hassler# make it known that the change will be effected by firing the gun and by the 705251a62bcSDominik Hassler# dropping of the Ball at 23min. 18sec. before one." 706251a62bcSDominik Hassler# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): 707251a62bcSDominik Hassler# See <https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk> for this; unfortunately Flash is required. 708251a62bcSDominik Hassler 709251a62bcSDominik Hassler# From Phake Nick (2018-10-26): 710251a62bcSDominik Hassler# I went to check microfilm records stored at Hong Kong Public Library.... 711251a62bcSDominik Hassler# on September 30 1941, according to Ta Kung Pao (Hong Kong edition), it was 712251a62bcSDominik Hassler# stated that fallback would occur on the next day (the 1st)'s "03:00 am (Hong 713251a62bcSDominik Hassler# Kong Time 04:00 am)" and the clock will fall back for a half hour. (03:00 714251a62bcSDominik Hassler# probably refer to the time commonly used in mainland China at the time given 715251a62bcSDominik Hassler# the paper's background) ... the sunrise/sunset time given by South China 716251a62bcSDominik Hassler# Morning Post for October 1st was indeed moved by half an hour compares to 717251a62bcSDominik Hassler# before. After that, in December, the battle to capture Hong Kong started and 718251a62bcSDominik Hassler# the library doesn't seems to have any record stored about press during that 719251a62bcSDominik Hassler# period of time. Some media resumed publication soon after that within the 720251a62bcSDominik Hassler# same month, but there were not much information about time there. Later they 721251a62bcSDominik Hassler# started including a radio program guide when they restored radio service, 722251a62bcSDominik Hassler# explicitly mentioning it use Tokyo standard time, and later added a note 723251a62bcSDominik Hassler# saying it's half an hour ahead of the old Hong Kong standard time, and it 724251a62bcSDominik Hassler# also seems to indicate that Hong Kong was not using GMT+8 when it was 725251a62bcSDominik Hassler# captured by Japan. 726251a62bcSDominik Hassler# 727251a62bcSDominik Hassler# Image of related sections on newspaper: 728251a62bcSDominik Hassler# * 1941-09-30, Ta Kung Pao (Hong Kong), "Winter Time start tomorrow". 729251a62bcSDominik Hassler# https://i.imgur.com/6waY51Z.jpg (Chinese) 730251a62bcSDominik Hassler# * 1941-09-29, South China Morning Post, Information on sunrise/sunset 731251a62bcSDominik Hassler# time and other things for September 30 and October 1. 732251a62bcSDominik Hassler# https://i.imgur.com/kCiUR78.jpg 733251a62bcSDominik Hassler# * 1942-02-05. The Hong Kong News, Radio Program Guide. 734251a62bcSDominik Hassler# https://i.imgur.com/eVvDMzS.jpg 735251a62bcSDominik Hassler# * 1941-06-14. Hong Kong Daily Press, Daylight Saving from 3am Tomorrow. 736251a62bcSDominik Hassler# https://i.imgur.com/05KkvtC.png 737251a62bcSDominik Hassler# * 1941-09-30, Hong Kong Daily Press, Winter Time Warning. 738251a62bcSDominik Hassler# https://i.imgur.com/dge4kFJ.png 739251a62bcSDominik Hassler 740374df668SAndy Fiddaman# From Paul Eggert (2019-07-11): 741374df668SAndy Fiddaman# "Hong Kong winter time" is considered to be daylight saving. 742374df668SAndy Fiddaman# "Hong Kong had adopted daylight saving on June 15 as a wartime measure, 743374df668SAndy Fiddaman# clocks moving forward one hour until October 1, when they would be put back 744374df668SAndy Fiddaman# by just half an hour for 'Hong Kong Winter time', so that daylight saving 745374df668SAndy Fiddaman# operated year round." -- Low Z. The longest day: when wartime Hong Kong 746374df668SAndy Fiddaman# introduced daylight saving. South China Morning Post. 2019-06-28. 747374df668SAndy Fiddaman# https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/short-reads/article/3016281/longest-day-when-wartime-hong-kong-introduced 748374df668SAndy Fiddaman 749374df668SAndy Fiddaman# From P Chan (2018-12-31): 750374df668SAndy Fiddaman# * According to the Hong Kong Daylight-Saving Regulations, 1941, the 751374df668SAndy Fiddaman# 1941 spring-forward transition was at 03:00. 752374df668SAndy Fiddaman# http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkgro/view/g1941/304271.pdf 753374df668SAndy Fiddaman# http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkgro/view/g1941/305516.pdf 754374df668SAndy Fiddaman# * According to some articles from South China Morning Post, +08 was 755374df668SAndy Fiddaman# resumed on 1945-11-18 at 02:00. 756374df668SAndy Fiddaman# https://i.imgur.com/M2IsZ3c.png 757374df668SAndy Fiddaman# https://i.imgur.com/iOPqrVo.png 758374df668SAndy Fiddaman# https://i.imgur.com/fffcGDs.png 759374df668SAndy Fiddaman# * Some newspapers ... said the 1946 spring-forward transition was on 760374df668SAndy Fiddaman# 04-21 at 00:00. The Kung Sheung Evening News 1946-04-20 (Chinese) 761374df668SAndy Fiddaman# https://i.imgur.com/ZSzent0.png 762374df668SAndy Fiddaman# https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk///c/portal/cover?c=QF757YsWv5%2FH7zGe%2FKF%2BFLYsuqGhRBfe p.4 763374df668SAndy Fiddaman# The Kung Sheung Daily News 1946-04-21 (Chinese) 764374df668SAndy Fiddaman# https://i.imgur.com/7ecmRlcm.png 765374df668SAndy Fiddaman# https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk///c/portal/cover?c=QF757YsWv5%2BQBGt1%2BwUj5qG2GqtwR3Wh p.4 766374df668SAndy Fiddaman# * According to the Summer Time Ordinance (1946), the fallback 767374df668SAndy Fiddaman# transitions between 1946 and 1952 were at 03:30 Standard Time (+08) 768374df668SAndy Fiddaman# http://oelawhk.lib.hku.hk/archive/files/bb74b06a74d5294620a15de560ab33c6.pdf 769374df668SAndy Fiddaman# * Some other laws and regulations related to DST from 1953 to 1979 770374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Summer Time Ordinance 1953 771374df668SAndy Fiddaman# https://i.imgur.com/IOlJMav.jpg 772374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Summer Time (Amendment) Ordinance 1965 773374df668SAndy Fiddaman# https://i.imgur.com/8rofeLa.jpg 774374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance (1966) 775374df668SAndy Fiddaman# https://i.imgur.com/joy3msj.jpg 776374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Emergency (Summer Time) Regulation 1973 <https://i.imgur.com/OpRWrKz.jpg> 777374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Interpretation and General Clauses (Amendment) Ordinance 1977 778374df668SAndy Fiddaman# https://i.imgur.com/RaNqnc4.jpg 779374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Resolution of the Legislative Council passed on 9 May 1979 780374df668SAndy Fiddaman# https://www.legco.gov.hk/yr78-79/english/lc_sitg/hansard/h790509.pdf#page=39 781374df668SAndy Fiddaman 7825254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# From Paul Eggert (2020-04-15): 783503609a9SYuri Pankov# Here are the dates given at 7845254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/Summertime.htm 7855254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# as of 2020-02-10: 786503609a9SYuri Pankov# Year Period 787251a62bcSDominik Hassler# 1941 15 Jun to 30 Sep 788503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1942 Whole year 789503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1943 Whole year 790503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1944 Whole year 791503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1945 Whole year 792503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1946 20 Apr to 1 Dec 793374df668SAndy Fiddaman# 1947 13 Apr to 30 Nov 794503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1948 2 May to 31 Oct 795503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1949 3 Apr to 30 Oct 796503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1950 2 Apr to 29 Oct 797503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1951 1 Apr to 28 Oct 798251a62bcSDominik Hassler# 1952 6 Apr to 2 Nov 799503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1953 5 Apr to 1 Nov 800503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1954 21 Mar to 31 Oct 801503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1955 20 Mar to 6 Nov 802503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1956 18 Mar to 4 Nov 803503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1957 24 Mar to 3 Nov 804503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1958 23 Mar to 2 Nov 805503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1959 22 Mar to 1 Nov 806503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1960 20 Mar to 6 Nov 807503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1961 19 Mar to 5 Nov 808503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1962 18 Mar to 4 Nov 809503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1963 24 Mar to 3 Nov 810503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1964 22 Mar to 1 Nov 811503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1965 18 Apr to 17 Oct 812503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1966 17 Apr to 16 Oct 813503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1967 16 Apr to 22 Oct 814503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1968 21 Apr to 20 Oct 815503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1969 20 Apr to 19 Oct 816503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1970 19 Apr to 18 Oct 817503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1971 18 Apr to 17 Oct 818503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1972 16 Apr to 22 Oct 819503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1973 22 Apr to 21 Oct 820503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1973/74 30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74 821503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1975 20 Apr to 19 Oct 822503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1976 18 Apr to 17 Oct 823503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1977 Nil 824503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1978 Nil 825503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1979 13 May to 21 Oct 826503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1980 to Now Nil 827251a62bcSDominik Hassler# The page does not give times of day for transitions, 828251a62bcSDominik Hassler# or dates for the 1942 and 1945 transitions. 829251a62bcSDominik Hassler# The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began 1941-12-25. 830503609a9SYuri Pankov 831f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 832374df668SAndy FiddamanRule HK 1946 only - Apr 21 0:00 1:00 S 833374df668SAndy FiddamanRule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30s 0 - 834374df668SAndy FiddamanRule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30s 1:00 S 835374df668SAndy FiddamanRule HK 1947 only - Nov 30 3:30s 0 - 836374df668SAndy FiddamanRule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30s 1:00 S 837374df668SAndy FiddamanRule HK 1948 1952 - Oct Sun>=28 3:30s 0 - 838503609a9SYuri PankovRule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S 839374df668SAndy FiddamanRule HK 1953 1964 - Oct Sun>=31 3:30 0 - 840503609a9SYuri PankovRule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S 841503609a9SYuri PankovRule HK 1965 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 842503609a9SYuri PankovRule HK 1965 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 843503609a9SYuri PankovRule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S 844374df668SAndy FiddamanRule HK 1979 only - May 13 3:30 1:00 S 845374df668SAndy FiddamanRule HK 1979 only - Oct 21 3:30 0 - 846374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 847427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman #STDOFF 7:36:41.7 848427b4c5cSAndy FiddamanZone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:42 - LMT 1904 Oct 29 17:00u 849374df668SAndy Fiddaman 8:00 - HKT 1941 Jun 15 3:00 850251a62bcSDominik Hassler 8:00 1:00 HKST 1941 Oct 1 4:00 851374df668SAndy Fiddaman 8:00 0:30 HKWT 1941 Dec 25 852374df668SAndy Fiddaman 9:00 - JST 1945 Nov 18 2:00 853503609a9SYuri Pankov 8:00 HK HK%sT 854503609a9SYuri Pankov 855503609a9SYuri Pankov############################################################################### 856503609a9SYuri Pankov 857503609a9SYuri Pankov# Taiwan 858503609a9SYuri Pankov 859503609a9SYuri Pankov# From smallufo (2010-04-03): 860503609a9SYuri Pankov# According to Taiwan's CWB [Central Weather Bureau], 861503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm 862503609a9SYuri Pankov# Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30. 863503609a9SYuri Pankov 864503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12): 865503609a9SYuri Pankov# On Dec 28, 1895, the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of 866503609a9SYuri Pankov# Meiji Year 28 "The clause about standard time", mentioned that 867503609a9SYuri Pankov# Taiwan and Penghu Islands, as well as Yaeyama and Miyako Islands 868503609a9SYuri Pankov# (both in Okinawa) adopt the Western Standard Time which is based on 869503609a9SYuri Pankov# 120E. The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. The original text can be 870503609a9SYuri Pankov# found on Wikisource: 871b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時) 872503609a9SYuri Pankov# ... This could be the first adoption of time zone in Taiwan, because 873503609a9SYuri Pankov# during the Qing Dynasty, it seems that there was no time zone 874503609a9SYuri Pankov# declared officially. 875503609a9SYuri Pankov# 876503609a9SYuri Pankov# Later, in the beginning of World War II, on Sep 25, 1937, the Showa 877503609a9SYuri Pankov# Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 "The clause of 878503609a9SYuri Pankov# revision in the ordinance No. 167 of Meiji year 28 about standard 879503609a9SYuri Pankov# time", in which abolished the adoption of Western Standard Time in 880503609a9SYuri Pankov# western islands (listed above), which means the whole Japan 881503609a9SYuri Pankov# territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan Central Time 8824b8ee424SYuri Pankov# (UT+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. The original text can 883503609a9SYuri Pankov# be found on Wikisource: 884b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件 885503609a9SYuri Pankov# 8864b8ee424SYuri Pankov# That is, the time zone of Taipei switched to UT+9 on Oct 1, 1937. 887503609a9SYuri Pankov 888503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02): 8894b8ee424SYuri Pankov# I've found more evidence about when the time zone was switched from UT+9 8904b8ee424SYuri Pankov# back to UT+8 after WW2. I believe it was on Sep 21, 1945. In a document 891503609a9SYuri Pankov# during Japanese era [1] in which the officer told the staff to change time 8924b8ee424SYuri Pankov# zone back to Western Standard Time (UT+8) on Sep 21. And in another 893503609a9SYuri Pankov# history page of National Cheng Kung University [2], on Sep 21 there is a 894503609a9SYuri Pankov# note "from today, switch back to Western Standard Time". From these two 895503609a9SYuri Pankov# materials, I believe that the time zone change happened on Sep 21. And 896503609a9SYuri Pankov# today I have found another monthly journal called "The Astronomical Herald" 897503609a9SYuri Pankov# from The Astronomical Society of Japan [3] in which it mentioned the fact 898503609a9SYuri Pankov# that: 899503609a9SYuri Pankov# 900503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1. Standard Time of the Country (Japan) was adopted on Jan 1, 1888, using 901503609a9SYuri Pankov# the time at 135E (GMT+9) 902503609a9SYuri Pankov# 903503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2. Standard Time of the Country was renamed to Central Standard Time, on Jan 904503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1, 1898, and on the same day, the new territories Taiwan and Penghu islands, 905503609a9SYuri Pankov# as well as Yaeyama and Miyako islands, adopted a new time zone called 906503609a9SYuri Pankov# Western Standard Time, which is in GMT+8. 907503609a9SYuri Pankov# 908503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3. Western Standard Time was deprecated on Sep 30, 1937. From then all the 909503609a9SYuri Pankov# territories of Japan adopted the same time zone, which is Central Standard 910503609a9SYuri Pankov# Time. 911503609a9SYuri Pankov# 912503609a9SYuri Pankov# [1] Academica Historica, Taiwan: 913503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://163.29.208.22:8080/govsaleShowImage/connect_img.php?s=00101738900090036&e=00101738900090037 914503609a9SYuri Pankov# [2] Nat'l Cheng Kung University 70th Anniversary Special Site: 915503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.ncku.edu.tw/~ncku70/menu/001/01_01.htm 916503609a9SYuri Pankov# [3] Yukio Niimi, The Standard Time in Japan (1997), p.475: 917503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.asj.or.jp/geppou/archive_open/1997/pdf/19971001c.pdf 918503609a9SYuri Pankov 919503609a9SYuri Pankov# Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-03): 920503609a9SYuri Pankov# I finally have found the real official gazette about changing back to 921503609a9SYuri Pankov# Western Standard Time on Sep 21 in Taiwan. It's Taiwan Governor-General 922503609a9SYuri Pankov# Bulletin No. 386 in Showa 20 years (1945), published on Sep 19, 1945. [1] ... 923503609a9SYuri Pankov# [It] abolishes Bulletin No. 207 in Showa 12 years (1937), which is a local 924503609a9SYuri Pankov# bulletin in Taiwan for that Ordinance No. 529. It also mentioned that 1am on 925503609a9SYuri Pankov# Sep 21, 1945 will be 12am on Sep 21. I think this bulletin is much more 926503609a9SYuri Pankov# official than the one I mentioned in my first mail, because it's from the 927503609a9SYuri Pankov# top-level government in Taiwan. If you're going to quote any resource, this 928503609a9SYuri Pankov# would be a good one. 929503609a9SYuri Pankov# [1] Taiwan Governor-General Gazette, No. 1018, Sep 19, 1945: 930503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://db2.th.gov.tw/db2/view/viewImg.php?imgcode=0072031018a&num=19&bgn=019&end=019&otherImg=&type=gener 931503609a9SYuri Pankov 932503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02): 933503609a9SYuri Pankov# In 1946, DST in Taiwan was from May 15 and ended on Sep 30. The info from 934503609a9SYuri Pankov# Central Weather Bureau website was not correct. 935503609a9SYuri Pankov# 936503609a9SYuri Pankov# Original Bulletin: 937503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=03502F0AKM1AF 938503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0350300AKM1B0 (cont.) 939503609a9SYuri Pankov# 940503609a9SYuri Pankov# In 1947, DST in Taiwan was expanded to Oct 31. There is a backup of that 941503609a9SYuri Pankov# telegram announcement from Taiwan Province Government: 942503609a9SYuri Pankov# 943503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0360310AKZ431 944503609a9SYuri Pankov# 945503609a9SYuri Pankov# Here is a brief translation: 946503609a9SYuri Pankov# 947503609a9SYuri Pankov# The Summer Time this year is adopted from midnight Apr 15 until Sep 20 948503609a9SYuri Pankov# midnight. To save (energy?) consumption, we're expanding Summer Time 949503609a9SYuri Pankov# adoption till Oct 31 midnight. 950503609a9SYuri Pankov# 951503609a9SYuri Pankov# The Central Weather Bureau website didn't mention that, however it can 952503609a9SYuri Pankov# be found from historical government announcement database. 953503609a9SYuri Pankov 954503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-03): 955503609a9SYuri Pankov# As per Yu-Cheng Chuang, say that Taiwan was at UT +09 from 1937-10-01 956503609a9SYuri Pankov# until 1945-09-21 at 01:00, overriding Shanks & Pottenger. 957503609a9SYuri Pankov# Likewise, use Yu-Cheng Chuang's data for DST in Taiwan. 958503609a9SYuri Pankov 959f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 960503609a9SYuri PankovRule Taiwan 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D 961503609a9SYuri PankovRule Taiwan 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 962503609a9SYuri PankovRule Taiwan 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D 963503609a9SYuri PankovRule Taiwan 1947 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 964503609a9SYuri PankovRule Taiwan 1948 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 965503609a9SYuri PankovRule Taiwan 1948 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 966503609a9SYuri PankovRule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D 967503609a9SYuri PankovRule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 968503609a9SYuri PankovRule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 969503609a9SYuri PankovRule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 970503609a9SYuri PankovRule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 971503609a9SYuri PankovRule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 972503609a9SYuri PankovRule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 973503609a9SYuri PankovRule Taiwan 1979 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 D 974503609a9SYuri PankovRule Taiwan 1979 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 975503609a9SYuri Pankov 976374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 977503609a9SYuri Pankov# Taipei or Taibei or T'ai-pei 978503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 Jan 1 979dafc4501SDan McDonald 8:00 - CST 1937 Oct 1 980503609a9SYuri Pankov 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 21 1:00 981503609a9SYuri Pankov 8:00 Taiwan C%sT 982503609a9SYuri Pankov 983503609a9SYuri Pankov# Macau (Macao, Aomen) 98405e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# 98505e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# From P Chan (2018-05-10): 98605e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# * LegisMac 98705e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# http://legismac.safp.gov.mo/legismac/descqry/Descqry.jsf?lang=pt 98805e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# A database for searching titles of legal documents of Macau in 98905e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# Chinese and Portuguese. The term "HORÁRIO DE VERÃO" can be used for 99005e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# searching decrees about summer time. 99105e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# * Archives of Macao 99205e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# http://www.archives.gov.mo/en/bo/ 99305e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# It contains images of old official gazettes. 99405e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# * The Macao Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau have a page listing the 99505e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# summer time history. But it is not complete and has some mistakes. 99605e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# http://www.smg.gov.mo/smg/geophysics/e_t_Summer%20Time.htm 99705e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# Macau adopted GMT+8 on 30 Oct 1904 to follow Hong Kong. Clocks were 99805e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# advanced by 25 minutes and 50 seconds. Which means the LMT used was 99905e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# +7:34:10. As stated in the "Portaria No. 204" dated 21 October 1904 100005e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# and published in the Official Gazette on 29 October 1904. 100105e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# http://igallery.icm.gov.mo/Images/Archives/BO/MO_AH_PUB_BO_1904_10/MO_AH_PUB_BO_1904_10_00025_Grey.JPG 100205e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# 100305e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# Therefore the 1911 decree of Portugal did not change time in Macau. 100405e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# 100505e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# From LegisMac, here is a list of decrees that changed the time ... 100605e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# [Decree Gazette-no. date; titles omitted in this quotation] 100705e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# DIL 732 BOCM 51 1941.12.20 100805e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# DIL 764 BOCM 9S 1942.04.30 100905e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# DIL 781 BOCM 21 1942.10.10 101005e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# PT 3434 BOCM 8S 1943.04.17 101105e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# PT 3504 BOCM 20 1943.09.25 101205e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# PT 3843 BOCM 39 1945.09.29 101305e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# PT 3961 BOCM 17 1946.04.27 101405e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# PT 4026 BOCM 39 1946.09.28 101505e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# PT 4153 BOCM 16 1947.04.10 101605e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# PT 4271 BOCM 48 1947.11.29 101705e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# PT 4374 BOCM 18 1948.05.01 101805e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# PT 4465 BOCM 44 1948.10.30 101905e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# PT 4590 BOCM 14 1949.04.02 102005e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# PT 4666 BOCM 44 1949.10.29 102105e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# PT 4771 BOCM 12 1950.03.25 102205e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# PT 4838 BOCM 43 1950.10.28 102305e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# PT 4946 BOCM 12 1951.03.24 102405e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# PT 5025 BO 43 1951.10.27 102505e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# PT 5149 BO 14 1952.04.05 102605e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# PT 5251 BO 43 1952.10.25 102705e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# PT 5366 BO 13 1953.03.28 102805e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# PT 5444 BO 44 1953.10.31 102905e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# PT 5540 BO 12 1954.03.20 103005e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# PT 5589 BO 44 1954.10.30 103105e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# PT 5676 BO 12 1955.03.19 103205e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# PT 5739 BO 45 1955.11.05 103305e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# PT 5823 BO 11 1956.03.17 103405e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# PT 5891 BO 44 1956.11.03 103505e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# PT 5981 BO 12 1957.03.23 103605e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# PT 6064 BO 43 1957.10.26 103705e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# PT 6172 BO 12 1958.03.22 103805e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# PT 6243 BO 43 1958.10.25 103905e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# PT 6341 BO 12 1959.03.21 104005e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# PT 6411 BO 43 1959.10.24 104105e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# PT 6514 BO 11 1960.03.12 104205e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# PT 6584 BO 44 1960.10.29 104305e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# PT 6721 BO 10 1961.03.11 104405e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# PT 6815 BO 43 1961.10.28 104505e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# PT 6947 BO 10 1962.03.10 104605e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# PT 7080 BO 43 1962.10.27 104705e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# PT 7218 BO 12 1963.03.23 104805e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# PT 7340 BO 43 1963.10.26 104905e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# PT 7491 BO 11 1964.03.14 105005e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# PT 7664 BO 43 1964.10.24 105105e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# PT 7846 BO 15 1965.04.10 105205e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# PT 7979 BO 42 1965.10.16 105305e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# PT 8146 BO 15 1966.04.09 105405e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# PT 8252 BO 41 1966.10.08 105505e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# PT 8429 BO 15 1967.04.15 105605e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# PT 8540 BO 41 1967.10.14 105705e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# PT 8735 BO 15 1968.04.13 105805e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# PT 8860 BO 41 1968.10.12 105905e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# PT 9035 BO 16 1969.04.19 106005e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# PT 9156 BO 42 1969.10.18 106105e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# PT 9328 BO 15 1970.04.11 106205e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# PT 9418 BO 41 1970.10.10 106305e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# PT 9587 BO 14 1971.04.03 106405e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# PT 9702 BO 41 1971.10.09 106505e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# PT 38-A/72 BO 14 1972.04.01 106605e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# PT 126-A/72 BO 41 1972.10.07 106705e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# PT 61/73 BO 14 1973.04.07 106805e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# PT 182/73 BO 40 1973.10.06 106905e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# PT 282/73 BO 51 1973.12.22 107005e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# PT 177/74 BO 41 1974.10.12 107105e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# PT 51/75 BO 15 1975.04.12 107205e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# PT 173/75 BO 41 1975.10.11 107305e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# PT 67/76/M BO 14 1976.04.03 107405e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# PT 169/76/M BO 41 1976.10.09 107505e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# PT 78/79/M BO 19 1979.05.12 107605e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# PT 166/79/M BO 42 1979.10.20 107705e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# Note that DIL 732 does not belong to "HORÁRIO DE VERÃO" according to 107805e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# LegisMac.... Note that between 1942 and 1945, the time switched 107905e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# between GMT+9 and GMT+10. Also in 1965 and 1965 the DST ended at 2:30am. 108005e627dcSAndy Fiddaman 108105e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# From Paul Eggert (2018-05-10): 108205e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# The 1904 decree says that Macau changed from the meridian of 108305e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# Fortaleza do Monte, presumably the basis for the 7:34:10 for LMT. 108405e627dcSAndy Fiddaman 1085f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 108605e627dcSAndy FiddamanRule Macau 1942 1943 - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 - 108705e627dcSAndy FiddamanRule Macau 1942 only - Nov 17 23:00 0 - 108805e627dcSAndy FiddamanRule Macau 1943 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 S 108905e627dcSAndy FiddamanRule Macau 1946 only - Apr 30 23:00s 1:00 D 109005e627dcSAndy FiddamanRule Macau 1946 only - Sep 30 23:00s 0 S 109105e627dcSAndy FiddamanRule Macau 1947 only - Apr 19 23:00s 1:00 D 109205e627dcSAndy FiddamanRule Macau 1947 only - Nov 30 23:00s 0 S 109305e627dcSAndy FiddamanRule Macau 1948 only - May 2 23:00s 1:00 D 109405e627dcSAndy FiddamanRule Macau 1948 only - Oct 31 23:00s 0 S 109505e627dcSAndy FiddamanRule Macau 1949 1950 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 D 109605e627dcSAndy FiddamanRule Macau 1949 1950 - Oct lastSat 23:00s 0 S 109705e627dcSAndy FiddamanRule Macau 1951 only - Mar 31 23:00s 1:00 D 109805e627dcSAndy FiddamanRule Macau 1951 only - Oct 28 23:00s 0 S 109905e627dcSAndy FiddamanRule Macau 1952 1953 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 D 110005e627dcSAndy FiddamanRule Macau 1952 only - Nov 1 23:00s 0 S 110105e627dcSAndy FiddamanRule Macau 1953 1954 - Oct lastSat 23:00s 0 S 110205e627dcSAndy FiddamanRule Macau 1954 1956 - Mar Sat>=17 23:00s 1:00 D 110305e627dcSAndy FiddamanRule Macau 1955 only - Nov 5 23:00s 0 S 110405e627dcSAndy FiddamanRule Macau 1956 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 03:30 0 S 110505e627dcSAndy FiddamanRule Macau 1957 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 03:30 1:00 D 110605e627dcSAndy FiddamanRule Macau 1965 1973 - Apr Sun>=16 03:30 1:00 D 110705e627dcSAndy FiddamanRule Macau 1965 1966 - Oct Sun>=16 02:30 0 S 110805e627dcSAndy FiddamanRule Macau 1967 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 03:30 0 S 110905e627dcSAndy FiddamanRule Macau 1973 only - Dec 30 03:30 1:00 D 111005e627dcSAndy FiddamanRule Macau 1975 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 03:30 1:00 D 111105e627dcSAndy FiddamanRule Macau 1979 only - May 13 03:30 1:00 D 111205e627dcSAndy FiddamanRule Macau 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 03:30 0 S 111305e627dcSAndy Fiddaman 1114374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 111505e627dcSAndy FiddamanZone Asia/Macau 7:34:10 - LMT 1904 Oct 30 111605e627dcSAndy Fiddaman 8:00 - CST 1941 Dec 21 23:00 111705e627dcSAndy Fiddaman 9:00 Macau +09/+10 1945 Sep 30 24:00 1118dafc4501SDan McDonald 8:00 Macau C%sT 1119503609a9SYuri Pankov 1120503609a9SYuri Pankov 1121503609a9SYuri Pankov############################################################################### 1122503609a9SYuri Pankov 1123503609a9SYuri Pankov# Cyprus 1124dafc4501SDan McDonald 1125503609a9SYuri Pankov# Milne says the Eastern Telegraph Company used 2:14:00. Stick with LMT. 1126dafc4501SDan McDonald# IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time. 1127dafc4501SDan McDonald 1128dafc4501SDan McDonald# From Paul Eggert (2016-09-09): 1129dafc4501SDan McDonald# Yesterday's Cyprus Mail reports that Northern Cyprus followed Turkey's 1130dafc4501SDan McDonald# lead and switched from +02/+03 to +03 year-round. 1131dafc4501SDan McDonald# http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/09/08/two-time-zones-cyprus-turkey-will-not-turn-clocks-back-next-month/ 1132503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1133dafc4501SDan McDonald# From Even Scharning (2016-10-31): 1134dafc4501SDan McDonald# Looks like the time zone split in Cyprus went through last night. 1135dafc4501SDan McDonald# http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/10/30/cyprus-new-division-two-time-zones-now-reality/ 1136dafc4501SDan McDonald 1137b654b02dSYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18): 1138b654b02dSYuri Pankov# Northern Cyprus will reinstate winter time on October 29, thus 1139b654b02dSYuri Pankov# staying in sync with the rest of Cyprus. See: Anastasiou A. 1140b654b02dSYuri Pankov# Cyprus to remain united in time. Cyprus Mail 2017-10-17. 1141b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://cyprus-mail.com/2017/10/17/cyprus-remain-united-time/ 1142b654b02dSYuri Pankov 1143f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1144503609a9SYuri PankovRule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S 1145503609a9SYuri PankovRule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 - 1146503609a9SYuri PankovRule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 1147503609a9SYuri PankovRule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 - 1148503609a9SYuri PankovRule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1149503609a9SYuri PankovRule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 1150503609a9SYuri PankovRule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 1151503609a9SYuri PankovRule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1152503609a9SYuri PankovRule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1153374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1154503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14 1155503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep 1156503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 1157dafc4501SDan McDonaldZone Asia/Famagusta 2:15:48 - LMT 1921 Nov 14 1158dafc4501SDan McDonald 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep 1159dafc4501SDan McDonald 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 2016 Sep 8 1160b654b02dSYuri Pankov 3:00 - +03 2017 Oct 29 1:00u 1161b654b02dSYuri Pankov 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 1162503609a9SYuri Pankov 1163503609a9SYuri Pankov# Georgia 1164503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19): 1165503609a9SYuri Pankov# Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward 1166503609a9SYuri Pankov# an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze, 1167503609a9SYuri Pankov# an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it! 1168503609a9SYuri Pankov# We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall. 1169503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1170503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04): 1171503609a9SYuri Pankov# Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia 1172503609a9SYuri Pankov# will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy, 1173503609a9SYuri Pankov# President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday. 1174503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1175503609a9SYuri Pankov# From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27): 1176503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1177503609a9SYuri Pankov# Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet 1178503609a9SYuri Pankov# republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it 1179503609a9SYuri Pankov# is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours 1180503609a9SYuri Pankov# ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia, 1181503609a9SYuri Pankov# Mikheil Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process 1182503609a9SYuri Pankov# of integration into Europe. 1183503609a9SYuri Pankov 1184503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07): 1185503609a9SYuri Pankov# Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on 1186503609a9SYuri Pankov# [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years. 1187503609a9SYuri Pankov# Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT 1188503609a9SYuri Pankov# +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document 1189503609a9SYuri Pankov# about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document, 1190503609a9SYuri Pankov# because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time.... 1191503609a9SYuri Pankov# I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our 1192503609a9SYuri Pankov# DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month. 1193503609a9SYuri Pankov 1194503609a9SYuri Pankov# Milne 1899 says Tbilisi (Tiflis) time was 2:59:05.7. 1195503609a9SYuri Pankov# Byalokoz 1919 says Georgia was 2:59:11. 1196503609a9SYuri Pankov# Go with Byalokoz. 1197503609a9SYuri Pankov 1198374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1199503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:11 - LMT 1880 1200503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:59:11 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time 1201503609a9SYuri Pankov 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar 1202503609a9SYuri Pankov 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1203503609a9SYuri Pankov 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1992 1204503609a9SYuri Pankov 3:00 E-EurAsia +03/+04 1994 Sep lastSun 1205503609a9SYuri Pankov 4:00 E-EurAsia +04/+05 1996 Oct lastSun 1206503609a9SYuri Pankov 4:00 1:00 +05 1997 Mar lastSun 1207503609a9SYuri Pankov 4:00 E-EurAsia +04/+05 2004 Jun 27 1208503609a9SYuri Pankov 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00 1209503609a9SYuri Pankov 4:00 - +04 1210503609a9SYuri Pankov 1211503609a9SYuri Pankov# East Timor 1212503609a9SYuri Pankov 1213503609a9SYuri Pankov# See Indonesia for the 1945 transition. 1214503609a9SYuri Pankov 1215503609a9SYuri Pankov# From João Carrascalão, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in 1216503609a9SYuri Pankov# East Timor may be late for its millennium 1217b654b02dSYuri Pankov# <https://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm> (1999-12-26/31): 1218503609a9SYuri Pankov# Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun 1219503609a9SYuri Pankov# rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the 1220503609a9SYuri Pankov# Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it 1221503609a9SYuri Pankov# conflicts with their way of life. 1222503609a9SYuri Pankov 1223503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04): 1224503609a9SYuri Pankov# We don't have any record of the above attempt. 1225503609a9SYuri Pankov# Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data. 1226503609a9SYuri Pankov 1227503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General 1228503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/2000/00-08-16.undh.html 1229503609a9SYuri Pankov# (2000-08-16): 1230503609a9SYuri Pankov# The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided 1231503609a9SYuri Pankov# today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change, 1232503609a9SYuri Pankov# which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at 1233503609a9SYuri Pankov# midnight on Saturday, September 16. 1234503609a9SYuri Pankov 1235374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1236503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 1237dafc4501SDan McDonald 8:00 - +08 1942 Feb 21 23:00 1238dafc4501SDan McDonald 9:00 - +09 1976 May 3 1239dafc4501SDan McDonald 8:00 - +08 2000 Sep 17 0:00 1240dafc4501SDan McDonald 9:00 - +09 1241503609a9SYuri Pankov 1242503609a9SYuri Pankov# India 1243503609a9SYuri Pankov 1244251a62bcSDominik Hassler# British astronomer Henry Park Hollis disliked India Standard Time's offset: 1245251a62bcSDominik Hassler# "A new time system has been proposed for India, Further India, and Burmah. 1246251a62bcSDominik Hassler# The scheme suggested is that the times of the meridians 5½ and 6½ hours 1247251a62bcSDominik Hassler# east of Greenwich should be adopted in these territories. No reason is 1248251a62bcSDominik Hassler# given why hourly meridians five hours and six hours east should not be 1249251a62bcSDominik Hassler# chosen; a plan which would bring the time of India into harmony with 1250251a62bcSDominik Hassler# that of almost the whole of the civilised world." 1251251a62bcSDominik Hassler# Hollis HP. Universal Time, Longitudes, and Geodesy. Mon Not R Astron Soc. 1252251a62bcSDominik Hassler# 1905-02-10;65(4):405-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/65.4.382 1253251a62bcSDominik Hassler 1254503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Ian P. Beacock, in "A brief history of (modern) time", The Atlantic 1255b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/the-creation-of-modern-time/421419/ 1256503609a9SYuri Pankov# (2015-12-22): 1257503609a9SYuri Pankov# In January 1906, several thousand cotton-mill workers rioted on the 1258503609a9SYuri Pankov# outskirts of Bombay.... They were protesting the proposed abolition of 1259503609a9SYuri Pankov# local time in favor of Indian Standard Time.... Journalists called this 1260503609a9SYuri Pankov# dispute the "Battle of the Clocks." It lasted nearly half a century. 1261503609a9SYuri Pankov 1262b654b02dSYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-20): 1263b654b02dSYuri Pankov# Good luck trying to nail down old timekeeping records in India. 1264b654b02dSYuri Pankov# "... in the nineteenth century ... Madras Observatory took its magnetic 1265b654b02dSYuri Pankov# measurements on Göttingen time, its meteorological measurements on Madras 1266b654b02dSYuri Pankov# (local) time, dropped its time ball on Greenwich (ocean navigator's) time, 1267b654b02dSYuri Pankov# and distributed civil (local time)." -- Bartky IR. Selling the true time: 1268b654b02dSYuri Pankov# 19th-century timekeeping in america. Stanford U Press (2000), 247 note 19. 1269b654b02dSYuri Pankov# "A more potent cause of resistance to the general adoption of the present 1270b654b02dSYuri Pankov# standard time lies in the fact that it is Madras time. The citizen of 1271b654b02dSYuri Pankov# Bombay, proud of being 'primus in Indis' and of Calcutta, equally proud of 1272b654b02dSYuri Pankov# his city being the Capital of India, and - for a part of the year - the Seat 1273b654b02dSYuri Pankov# of the Supreme Government, alike look down on Madras, and refuse to change 1274b654b02dSYuri Pankov# the time they are using, for that of what they regard as a benighted 1275b654b02dSYuri Pankov# Presidency; while Madras, having for long given the standard time to the 1276b654b02dSYuri Pankov# rest of India, would resist the adoption of any other Indian standard in its 1277b654b02dSYuri Pankov# place." -- Oldham RD. On Time in India: a suggestion for its improvement. 1278b654b02dSYuri Pankov# Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (April 1899), 49-55. 1279b654b02dSYuri Pankov# 1280b654b02dSYuri Pankov# "In 1870 ... Madras time - 'now used by the telegraph and regulated from the 1281b654b02dSYuri Pankov# only government observatory' - was suggested as a standard railway time, 1282b654b02dSYuri Pankov# first to be adopted on the Great Indian Peninsular Railway (GIPR).... 1283b654b02dSYuri Pankov# Calcutta, Bombay, and Karachi, were to be allowed to continue with their 1284b654b02dSYuri Pankov# local time for civil purposes." - Prasad R. Tracks of Change: Railways and 1285b654b02dSYuri Pankov# Everyday Life in Colonial India. Cambridge University Press (2016), 145. 1286b654b02dSYuri Pankov# 1287b654b02dSYuri Pankov# Reed S, Low F. The Indian Year Book 1936-37. Bennett, Coleman, pp 27-8. 1288b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.282212 1289b654b02dSYuri Pankov# This lists +052110 as Madras local time used in railways, and says that on 1290b654b02dSYuri Pankov# 1906-01-01 railways and telegraphs in India switched to +0530. Some 1291b654b02dSYuri Pankov# municipalities retained their former time, and the time in Calcutta 1292b654b02dSYuri Pankov# continued to depend on whether you were at the railway station or at 1293b654b02dSYuri Pankov# government offices. Government time was at +055320 (according to Shanks) or 1294b654b02dSYuri Pankov# at +0554 (according to the Indian Year Book). Railway time is more 1295b654b02dSYuri Pankov# appropriate for our purposes, as it was better documented, it is what we do 1296b654b02dSYuri Pankov# elsewhere (e.g., Europe/London before 1880), and after 1906 it was 1297b654b02dSYuri Pankov# consistent in the region now identified by Asia/Kolkata. So, use railway 1298b654b02dSYuri Pankov# time for 1870-1941. Shanks is our only (and dubious) source for the 1299b654b02dSYuri Pankov# 1941-1945 data. 1300b654b02dSYuri Pankov 1301374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1302b654b02dSYuri PankovZone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1854 Jun 28 # Kolkata 1303b654b02dSYuri Pankov 5:53:20 - HMT 1870 # Howrah Mean Time? 1304b654b02dSYuri Pankov 5:21:10 - MMT 1906 Jan 1 # Madras local time 1305b654b02dSYuri Pankov 5:30 - IST 1941 Oct 1306b654b02dSYuri Pankov 5:30 1:00 +0630 1942 May 15 1307503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 1308dafc4501SDan McDonald 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 15 1309503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:30 - IST 1310b654b02dSYuri Pankov# Since 1970 the following are like Asia/Kolkata: 1311503609a9SYuri Pankov# Andaman Is 1312503609a9SYuri Pankov# Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is) 1313503609a9SYuri Pankov# Nicobar Is 1314503609a9SYuri Pankov 1315503609a9SYuri Pankov# Indonesia 1316503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1317503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06): 1318503609a9SYuri Pankov# The 1876 Report of the Secretary of the [US] Navy, p 306 says that Batavia 1319427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# civil time was 7:07:12.5. 1320503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1321503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger: 1322503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime 1323503609a9SYuri Pankov# says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some 1324503609a9SYuri Pankov# time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat 1325503609a9SYuri Pankov# and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7. 1326503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1327503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10): 1328503609a9SYuri Pankov# Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger. 1329503609a9SYuri Pankov# JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in 1330503609a9SYuri Pankov# Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and 1331503609a9SYuri Pankov# other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus 1332503609a9SYuri Pankov# September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore. 1333503609a9SYuri Pankov# These would be the earliest possible times for a change. 1334503609a9SYuri Pankov# Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Éditions 1335503609a9SYuri Pankov# Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched 1336503609a9SYuri Pankov# from UT +09 to +07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura 1337503609a9SYuri Pankov# (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura 1338503609a9SYuri Pankov# switched on 1945-09-23. 1339503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1340503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11): 1341503609a9SYuri Pankov# Normally the tz database uses English-language abbreviations, but in 1342503609a9SYuri Pankov# Indonesia it's typical to use Indonesian-language abbreviations even 1343503609a9SYuri Pankov# when writing in English. For example, see the English-language 1344503609a9SYuri Pankov# summary published by the Time and Frequency Laboratory of the 1345503609a9SYuri Pankov# Research Center for Calibration, Instrumentation and Metrology, 1346503609a9SYuri Pankov# Indonesia, <http://time.kim.lipi.go.id/time-eng.php> (2006-09-29). 1347503609a9SYuri Pankov# The time zone abbreviations and UT offsets are: 1348503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1349503609a9SYuri Pankov# WIB - +07 - Waktu Indonesia Barat (Indonesia western time) 1350503609a9SYuri Pankov# WITA - +08 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time) 1351503609a9SYuri Pankov# WIT - +09 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time) 1352503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1353374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1354503609a9SYuri Pankov# Java, Sumatra 1355427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman #STDOFF 7:07:12.5 1356503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10 1357503609a9SYuri Pankov# Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13, 1358503609a9SYuri Pankov# but this must be a typo. 1359427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman 7:07:12 - BMT 1923 Dec 31 16:40u # Batavia 1360dafc4501SDan McDonald 7:20 - +0720 1932 Nov 1361dafc4501SDan McDonald 7:30 - +0730 1942 Mar 23 1362dafc4501SDan McDonald 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23 1363dafc4501SDan McDonald 7:30 - +0730 1948 May 1364dafc4501SDan McDonald 8:00 - +08 1950 May 1365dafc4501SDan McDonald 7:30 - +0730 1964 1366503609a9SYuri Pankov 7:00 - WIB 1367503609a9SYuri Pankov# west and central Borneo 1368503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May 1369503609a9SYuri Pankov 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT 1370dafc4501SDan McDonald 7:30 - +0730 1942 Jan 29 1371dafc4501SDan McDonald 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23 1372dafc4501SDan McDonald 7:30 - +0730 1948 May 1373dafc4501SDan McDonald 8:00 - +08 1950 May 1374dafc4501SDan McDonald 7:30 - +0730 1964 1375503609a9SYuri Pankov 8:00 - WITA 1988 Jan 1 1376503609a9SYuri Pankov 7:00 - WIB 1377503609a9SYuri Pankov# Sulawesi, Lesser Sundas, east and south Borneo 1378503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920 1379503609a9SYuri Pankov 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT 1380dafc4501SDan McDonald 8:00 - +08 1942 Feb 9 1381dafc4501SDan McDonald 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23 1382503609a9SYuri Pankov 8:00 - WITA 1383503609a9SYuri Pankov# Maluku Islands, West Papua, Papua 1384503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov 1385dafc4501SDan McDonald 9:00 - +09 1944 Sep 1 1386dafc4501SDan McDonald 9:30 - +0930 1964 1387503609a9SYuri Pankov 9:00 - WIT 1388503609a9SYuri Pankov 1389503609a9SYuri Pankov# Iran 1390503609a9SYuri Pankov 1391427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# From Roozbeh Pournader (2022-05-30): 1392427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# Here's an order from the Cabinet to the rest of the government to switch to 1393427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# Tehran time, which is mentioned to be already at +03:30: 1394427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# https://qavanin.ir/Law/TreeText/180138 1395427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# Just in case that goes away, I also saved a copy at archive.org: 1396427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# https://web.archive.org/web/20220530111940/https://qavanin.ir/Law/TreeText/180138 1397427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# Here's my translation: 1398427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# 1399427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# "Circular on Matching the Hours of Governmental and Official Circles 1400427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# in Provinces 1401427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# Approved 1314/03/22 [=1935-06-13] 1402427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# According to the ruling of the Honorable Cabinet, it is ordered that from 1403427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# now on in all internal provinces of the country, governmental and official 1404427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# circles set their time to match Tehran time (three hours and half before 1405427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# Greenwich).... 1406427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# 1407427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# I still haven't found out when Tehran itself switched to +03:30.... 1408427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# 1409427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# From Paul Eggert (2022-06-05): 1410427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# Although the above says Tehran was at +03:30 before 1935-06-13, we don't 1411427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# know when it switched to +03:30. For now, use 1935-06-13 as the switch date. 1412427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# Although most likely wrong, we have no better info. 1413427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman 1414427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# From Roozbeh Pournader (2022-06-01): 1415427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# This is from Kayhan newspaper, one of the major Iranian newspapers, from 1416427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# March 20, 1978, page 2: 1417427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# 1418427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# "Pull the clocks 60 minutes forward 1419427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# As we informed before, from the fourth day of the month Farvardin of the 1420427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# new year [=1978-03-24], clocks will be pulled forward, and people's daily 1421427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# work and life program will start one hour earlier than the current program. 1422427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# On the 1st day of the month Farvardin of this year [=1977-03-21], they had 1423427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# pulled the clocks forward by one hour, but in the month of Mehr 1424427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# [=1977-09-23], the clocks were pulled back by 30 minutes. 1425427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# In this way, from the 4th day of the month Farvardin, clocks will be ahead 1426427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# of the previous years by one hour and a half. 1427427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# According to the new program, during the night of 4th of Farvardin, when 1428427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# the midnight, meaning 24 o'clock is announced, the hands of the clock must 1429427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# be pulled forward by one hour and thus consider midnight 1 o'clock in the 1430427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# forenoon." 1431427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# 1432427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# This implies that in September 1977, when the daylight savings time was 1433427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# done with, Iran didn't go back to +03:30, but immediately to +04:00. 1434427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# 1435427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# 1436427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# This is from the major Iranian newspaper Ettela'at, dated [1978-08-03]..., 1437427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# page 32. It looks like they decided to get the clocks back to +4:00 1438427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# just in time for Ramadan that year: 1439427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# 1440427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# "Tomorrow Night, Pull the Clocks Back by One Hour 1441427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# At 1 o'clock in the forenoon of Saturday 14 Mordad [=1978-08-05], the 1442427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# clocks will be pulled one hour back and instead of 1 o'clock in the 1443427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# forenoon, Radio Iran will announce 24 o'clock. 1444427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# This decision was made in the Cabinet of Ministers meeting of 25 Tir 1445427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# [=1978-07-16], [...] 1446427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# At the beginning of the year 2537 [=March 1978: Iran was using a different 1447427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# year number for a few years then, based on the Coronation of Cyrus the 1448427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# Great], the country's official time was pulled forward by one hour and now 1449427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# the official time is one hour and a half ahead compared to last year, 1450427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# because in Farvardin of last year [=March 1977], the official time was 1451427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# pulled forward one hour and this continued until the second half of last 1452427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# year [=September 1977] until in the second half of last year the official 1453427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# time was pulled back half an hour and that half hour still remains." 1454427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# 1455427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# This matches the time of the true noon published in the newspapers, as they 1456427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# clearly go from +05:00 to +04:00 after that date (which happened during a 1457427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# long weekend in Iran). 1458427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman 1459427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# From Roozbeh Pournader (2022-05-31): 1460427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# [Movahedi S. Cultural preconceptions of time: Can we use operational time 1461427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# to meddle in God's Time? Comp Stud Soc Hist. 1985;27(3):385-400] 1462427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# https://www.jstor.org/stable/178704 1463427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# Here's the quotes from the paper: 1464427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# 1. '"Iran's official time keeper moved the clock one hour forward as from 1465427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# March 22, 1977 (Farvardin 2, 2536) to make maximum use of daylight and save 1466427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# in energy consumption. Thus Iran joined such other countries as Britain in 1467427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# observing what is known as 'daylight saving.' The proposal was originally 1468427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# put forward by the Ministry of Energy, in no way having any influence on 1469427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# observing religious ceremonies. Moving time one hour forward in summer 1470427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# means that at 11:00 o'clock on March 21, the official time was set as 1471427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# midnight March 22. Then September 24 will actually begin one hour later 1472427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# than the end of September 23 [...]." Iran's time base thus continued to be 1473427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# Greenwich Mean Time plus three and one-half hours (plus four and one-half 1474427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# hours in summer).' 1475427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# 1476427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# The article sources this from Iran Almanac and Book of Facts, 1977, Tehran: 1477427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# Echo of Iran, which is on Google Books at 1478427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# https://www.google.com/books/edition/Iran_Almanac_and_Book_of_Facts/9ybVAAAAMAAJ. 1479427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# (I confirmed it by searching for snippets.) 1480427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# 1481427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# 2. "After the fall of the shah, the revolutionary government returned to 1482427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# daylight-saving time (DST) on 26 May 1979." 1483427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# 1484427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# This seems to have been announced just one day in advance, on 25 May 1979. 1485427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# 1486427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# The change in 1977 clearly seems to be the first daylight savings effort in 1487427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# Iran. But the article doesn't mention what happened in 1978 (which was 1488427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# still during the shah's government), or how things continued in 1979 1489427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# onwards (which was during the Islamic Republic). 1490427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman 1491427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# From Francis Santoni (2022-06-01): 1492fff4a956SAndy Fiddaman# for Iran and 1977 the effective change is only 20 October 1493fff4a956SAndy Fiddaman# (UIT No. 143 17.XI.1977) and not 23 September (UIT No. 141 13.IX.1977). 1494427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# UIT is the Operational Bulletin of International Telecommunication Union. 1495427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman 1496503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15): 1497503609a9SYuri Pankov# This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian). 1498503609a9SYuri Pankov# The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine: 1499503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1500503609a9SYuri Pankov# Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16] 1501503609a9SYuri Pankov# No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01] 1502503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1503503609a9SYuri Pankov# The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country 1504503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1505503609a9SYuri Pankov# The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14], 1506503609a9SYuri Pankov# based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13] 1507503609a9SYuri Pankov# of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs, 1508503609a9SYuri Pankov# and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers 1509503609a9SYuri Pankov# and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and 1510503609a9SYuri Pankov# for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that: 1511503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1512503609a9SYuri Pankov# The official time of the country will should move forward one hour 1513503609a9SYuri Pankov# at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return 1514503609a9SYuri Pankov# to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of 1515503609a9SYuri Pankov# Shahrivar. 1516503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1517503609a9SYuri Pankov# First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi 1518503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1519503609a9SYuri Pankov# From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed 1520503609a9SYuri Pankov# for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the 1521503609a9SYuri Pankov# date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last 1522503609a9SYuri Pankov# Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates.... 1523503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1524503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05): 1525503609a9SYuri Pankov# The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions 1526503609a9SYuri Pankov# that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic 1527503609a9SYuri Pankov# leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious 1528503609a9SYuri Pankov# plan to change that law.... 1529503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1530427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# From Paul Eggert (2022-06-30): 1531427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# Go with Pournader for 1935 through spring 1979, and for timestamps 1532427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# after August 1991; go with with Shanks & Pottenger for other timestamps. 1533427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# Go with Santoni's citation of the UIT for fall 1977, as 20 October 1977 1534427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# is 28 Mehr 1356, consistent with the "Mehr" in Pournader's source. 1535427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# Assume that the UIT's "1930" is UTC, i.e., 24:00 local time. 1536503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1537503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future 1538503609a9SYuri Pankov# discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar: 1539503609a9SYuri Pankov# For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for 1540503609a9SYuri Pankov# the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local 1541503609a9SYuri Pankov# Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be 1542503609a9SYuri Pankov# known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer: 1543503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give 1544503609a9SYuri Pankov# no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant 1545503609a9SYuri Pankov# in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between 1546503609a9SYuri Pankov# arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058: 1547503609a9SYuri Pankov# vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of 1548503609a9SYuri Pankov# Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date 1549503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical). 1550503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1551503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22): 1552503609a9SYuri Pankov# Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore: 1553503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm 1554503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1555503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Nørgaard Welen: 1556503609a9SYuri Pankov# ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce 1557503609a9SYuri Pankov# daylight saving time ... 1558b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916 1559503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1560503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05): 1561503609a9SYuri Pankov# This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of 1562503609a9SYuri Pankov# Iran, Volume 63, No. 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24 1563503609a9SYuri Pankov# [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:... 1564503609a9SYuri Pankov# The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour 1565503609a9SYuri Pankov# on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will 1566503609a9SYuri Pankov# be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the 1567503609a9SYuri Pankov# thirtieth day of Shahrivar. 1568503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1569427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# From Ali Mirjamali (2022-05-10): 1570427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# Official IR News Agency announcement: irna.ir/xjJ3TT 1571427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# ... 1572427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# Highlights: DST will be cancelled for the next Iranian year 1402 1573427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# (i.e 2023-March-21) and forthcoming years. 1574427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# 1575f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1576427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# Work around a bug in zic 2022a and earlier. 1577427b4c5cSAndy FiddamanRule Iran 1910 only - Jan 1 00:00 0 - 1578427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# 1579427b4c5cSAndy FiddamanRule Iran 1977 only - Mar 21 23:00 1:00 - 1580427b4c5cSAndy FiddamanRule Iran 1977 only - Oct 20 24:00 0 - 1581427b4c5cSAndy FiddamanRule Iran 1978 only - Mar 24 24:00 1:00 - 1582427b4c5cSAndy FiddamanRule Iran 1978 only - Aug 5 01:00 0 - 1583427b4c5cSAndy FiddamanRule Iran 1979 only - May 26 24:00 1:00 - 1584251a62bcSDominik HasslerRule Iran 1979 only - Sep 18 24:00 0 - 1585427b4c5cSAndy FiddamanRule Iran 1980 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1586251a62bcSDominik HasslerRule Iran 1980 only - Sep 22 24:00 0 - 1587251a62bcSDominik HasslerRule Iran 1991 only - May 2 24:00 1:00 - 1588251a62bcSDominik HasslerRule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1589251a62bcSDominik HasslerRule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1590251a62bcSDominik HasslerRule Iran 1996 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1591251a62bcSDominik HasslerRule Iran 1996 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1592251a62bcSDominik HasslerRule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1593251a62bcSDominik HasslerRule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1594251a62bcSDominik HasslerRule Iran 2000 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1595251a62bcSDominik HasslerRule Iran 2000 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1596251a62bcSDominik HasslerRule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1597251a62bcSDominik HasslerRule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1598251a62bcSDominik HasslerRule Iran 2004 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1599251a62bcSDominik HasslerRule Iran 2004 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1600251a62bcSDominik HasslerRule Iran 2005 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1601251a62bcSDominik HasslerRule Iran 2005 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1602251a62bcSDominik HasslerRule Iran 2008 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1603251a62bcSDominik HasslerRule Iran 2008 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1604251a62bcSDominik HasslerRule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1605251a62bcSDominik HasslerRule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1606251a62bcSDominik HasslerRule Iran 2012 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1607251a62bcSDominik HasslerRule Iran 2012 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1608251a62bcSDominik HasslerRule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1609251a62bcSDominik HasslerRule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1610251a62bcSDominik HasslerRule Iran 2016 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1611251a62bcSDominik HasslerRule Iran 2016 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1612251a62bcSDominik HasslerRule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1613251a62bcSDominik HasslerRule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1614251a62bcSDominik HasslerRule Iran 2020 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1615251a62bcSDominik HasslerRule Iran 2020 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1616427b4c5cSAndy FiddamanRule Iran 2021 2022 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1617427b4c5cSAndy FiddamanRule Iran 2021 2022 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1618503609a9SYuri Pankov 1619374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1620503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916 1621427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman 3:25:44 - TMT 1935 Jun 13 # Tehran Mean Time 1622427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman 3:30 Iran +0330/+0430 1977 Oct 20 24:00 1623dafc4501SDan McDonald 4:00 Iran +04/+05 1979 1624dafc4501SDan McDonald 3:30 Iran +0330/+0430 1625503609a9SYuri Pankov 1626503609a9SYuri Pankov 1627503609a9SYuri Pankov# Iraq 1628503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1629503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12): 1630503609a9SYuri Pankov# An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in 1631503609a9SYuri Pankov# the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph: 1632503609a9SYuri Pankov# "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and 1633503609a9SYuri Pankov# are an hour ahead of Baghdad." 1634503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1635503609a9SYuri Pankov# But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows: 1636503609a9SYuri Pankov# In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi 1637503609a9SYuri Pankov# Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred 1638503609a9SYuri Pankov# to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone 1639503609a9SYuri Pankov# in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq. 1640503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1641503609a9SYuri Pankov# So we'll ignore the Economist's claim. 1642503609a9SYuri Pankov 1643503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10): 1644503609a9SYuri Pankov# The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following 1645503609a9SYuri Pankov# news sources (in Arabic): 1646503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html 1647503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10 1648503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1649503609a9SYuri Pankov# We have published a short article in English about the change: 1650b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html 1651503609a9SYuri Pankov 1652f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 16533508b934SYuri PankovRule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 - 16543508b934SYuri PankovRule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 16553508b934SYuri PankovRule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 - 16563508b934SYuri PankovRule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 - 16573508b934SYuri PankovRule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 16583508b934SYuri PankovRule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 - 1659503609a9SYuri Pankov# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the ':01' is a typo. 1660503609a9SYuri Pankov# Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this. 1661503609a9SYuri Pankov# 16623508b934SYuri PankovRule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 - 16633508b934SYuri PankovRule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 - 1664374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1665503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890 1666503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time? 1667dafc4501SDan McDonald 3:00 - +03 1982 May 1668dafc4501SDan McDonald 3:00 Iraq +03/+04 1669503609a9SYuri Pankov 1670503609a9SYuri Pankov 1671503609a9SYuri Pankov############################################################################### 1672503609a9SYuri Pankov 1673503609a9SYuri Pankov# Israel 1674503609a9SYuri Pankov 1675f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# For more info about the motivation for DST in Israel, see: 1676f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Barak Y. Israel's Daylight Saving Time controversy. Israel Affairs. 1677f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# 2020-08-11. https://doi.org/10.1080/13537121.2020.1806564 1678f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi 1679503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11): 1680503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1681503609a9SYuri Pankov# I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three 1682503609a9SYuri Pankov# different abbreviations in use: 1683503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1684503609a9SYuri Pankov# JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University] 1685503609a9SYuri Pankov# IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion] 1686503609a9SYuri Pankov# EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else] 1687503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1688503609a9SYuri Pankov# Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities, 1689503609a9SYuri Pankov# I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe, 1690503609a9SYuri Pankov# EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with 1691503609a9SYuri Pankov# any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go 1692503609a9SYuri Pankov# and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone 1693503609a9SYuri Pankov# settings in Israeli computers. 1694503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1695503609a9SYuri Pankov# In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India, 1696503609a9SYuri Pankov# high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's 1697503609a9SYuri Pankov# family is from India). 1698503609a9SYuri Pankov 1699f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# From P Chan (2020-10-27), with corrections: 1700f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# 1701f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# 1940-1946 Supplement No. 2 to the Palestine Gazette 1702f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# # issue page Order No. dated start end note 1703f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# 1 1010 729 67 of 1940 1940-05-22 1940-05-31* 1940-09-30* revoked by #2 1704f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# 2 1013 758 73 of 1940 1940-05-31 1940-05-31 1940-09-30 1705f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# 3 1055 1574 196 of 1940 1940-11-06 1940-11-16 1940-12-31 1706f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# 4 1066 1811 208 of 1940 1940-12-17 1940-12-31 1941-12-31 1707f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# 5 1156 1967 116 of 1941 1941-12-16 1941-12-31 1942-12-31* amended by #6 1708f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# 6 1228 1608 86 of 1942 1942-10-14 1941-12-31 1942-10-31 1709f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# 7 1256 279 21 of 1943 1943-03-18 1943-03-31 1943-10-31 1710f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# 8 1323 249 19 of 1944 1944-03-13 1944-03-31 1944-10-31 1711f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# 9 1402 328 20 of 1945 1945-04-05 1945-04-15 1945-10-31 1712f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#10 1487 596 14 of 1946 1946-04-04 1946-04-15 1946-10-31 1713f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# 1714f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# 1948 Iton Rishmi (Official Gazette of the Provisional Government) 1715f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# # issue page dated start end 1716f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#11 2 7 1948-05-20 1948-05-22 1948-10-31* 1717f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# ^This moved timezone to +04, replaced by #12 from 1948-08-31 24:00 GMT. 1718f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#12 17 (Annex B) 84 1948-08-22 1948-08-31 1948-10-31 1719f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# 1720f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# 1949-2000 Kovetz HaTakanot (Collection of Regulations) 1721f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# # issue page dated start end note 1722f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#13 6 133 1949-03-23 1949-04-30 1949-10-31 1723f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#14 80 755 1950-03-17 1950-04-15 1950-09-14 1724f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#15 164 782 1951-03-22 1951-03-31 1951-09-29* amended by #16 1725f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#16 206 1940 1951-09-23 ---------- 1951-10-22* amended by #17 1726f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#17 212 78 1951-10-19 ---------- 1951-11-10 1727f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#18 254 652 1952-03-03 1952-04-19 1952-09-27* amended by #19 1728f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#19 300 11 1952-09-15 ---------- 1952-10-18 1729f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#20 348 817 1953-03-03 1953-04-11 1953-09-12 1730f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#21 420 385 1954-02-17 1954-06-12 1954-09-11 1731f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#22 497 548 1955-01-14 1955-06-11 1955-09-10 1732f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#23 591 608 1956-03-12 1956-06-02 1956-09-29 1733f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#24 680 957 1957-02-08 1957-04-27 1957-09-21 1734f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#25 3192 1418 1974-06-28 1974-07-06 1974-10-12 1735f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#26 3322 1389 1975-04-03 1975-04-19 1975-08-30 1736f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#27 4146 2089 1980-07-15 1980-08-02 1980-09-13 1737f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#28 4604 1081 1984-02-22 1984-05-05* 1984-08-25* revoked by #29 1738f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#29 4619 1312 1984-04-06 1984-05-05 1984-08-25 1739f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#30 4744 475 1984-12-23 1985-04-13 1985-09-14* amended by #31 1740f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#31 4851 1848 1985-08-18 ---------- 1985-08-31 1741f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#32 4932 899 1986-04-22 1986-05-17 1986-09-06 1742f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#33 5013 580 1987-02-15 1987-04-18* 1987-08-22* revoked by #34 1743f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#34 5021 744 1987-03-30 1987-04-14 1987-09-12 1744f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#35 5096 659 1988-02-14 1988-04-09 1988-09-03 1745f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#36 5167 514 1989-02-03 1989-04-29 1989-09-02 1746f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#37 5248 375 1990-01-23 1990-03-24 1990-08-25 1747f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#38 5335 612 1991-02-10 1991-03-09* 1991-08-31 amended by #39 1748f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# 1992-03-28 1992-09-05 1749f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#39 5339 709 1991-03-04 1991-03-23 ---------- 1750f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#40 5506 503 1993-02-18 1993-04-02 1993-09-05 1751f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# 1994-04-01 1994-08-28 1752f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# 1995-03-31 1995-09-03 1753f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#41 5731 438 1996-01-01 1996-03-14 1996-09-15 1754f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# 1997-03-13* 1997-09-18* overridden by 1997 Temp Prov 1755f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# 1998-03-19* 1998-09-17* revoked by #42 1756f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#42 5853 1243 1997-09-18 1998-03-19 1998-09-05 1757f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#43 5937 77 1998-10-18 1999-04-02 1999-09-03 1758f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# 2000-04-14* 2000-09-15* revoked by #44 1759f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# 2001-04-13* 2001-09-14* revoked by #44 1760f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#44 6024 39 2000-03-14 2000-04-14 2000-10-22* overridden by 2000 Temp Prov 1761f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# 2001-04-06* 2001-10-10* overridden by 2000 Temp Prov 1762f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# 2002-03-29* 2002-10-29* overridden by 2000 Temp Prov 1763f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# 1764f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# These are laws enacted by the Knesset since the Minister could only alter the 1765f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# transition dates at least six months in advanced under the 1992 Law. 1766f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# dated start end 1767f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# 1997 Temporary Provisions 1997-03-06 1997-03-20 1997-09-13 1768f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# 2000 Temporary Provisions 2000-07-28 ---------- 2000-10-06 1769f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# 2001-04-09 2001-09-24 1770f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# 2002-03-29 2002-10-07 1771f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# 2003-03-28 2003-10-03 1772f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# 2004-04-07 2004-09-22 1773f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Note: 1774f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Transition times in 1940-1957 (#1-#24) were midnight GMT, 1775f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# in 1974-1998 (#25-#42 and the 1997 Temporary Provisions) were midnight, 1776f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# in 1999-April 2000 (#43,#44) were 02:00, 1777f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# in the 2000 Temporary Provisions were 01:00. 1778f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# 1779f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1780f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Links: 1781f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# 1 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537490&increment=687 1782f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# 2 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537490&increment=716 1783f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# 3 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537491&increment=721 1784f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# 4 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537491&increment=958 1785f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# 5 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537502&increment=558 1786f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# 6 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537511&increment=105 1787f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# 7 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537516&increment=278 1788f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# 8 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537522&increment=248 1789f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# 9 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537530&increment=329 1790f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#10 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537537&increment=601 1791f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#11 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law12/er-002.pdf#page=3 1792f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#12 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law12/er-017-t2.pdf#page=4 1793f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#13 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0006.pdf#page=3 1794f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#14 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0080.pdf#page=7 1795f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#15 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0164.pdf#page=10 1796f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#16 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0206.pdf#page=4 1797f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#17 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0212.pdf#page=2 1798f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#18 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0254.pdf#page=4 1799f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#19 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0300.pdf#page=5 1800f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#20 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0348.pdf#page=3 1801f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#21 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0420.pdf#page=5 1802f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#22 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0497.pdf#page=10 1803f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#23 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0591.pdf#page=6 1804f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#24 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0680.pdf#page=3 1805f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#25 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-3192.pdf#page=2 1806f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#26 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-3322.pdf#page=5 1807f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#27 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-4146.pdf#page=2 1808f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#28 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-4604.pdf#page=7 1809f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#29 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-4619.pdf#page=2 1810f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#30 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-4744.pdf#page=11 1811f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#31 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-4851.pdf#page=2 1812f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#32 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-4932.pdf#page=19 1813f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#33 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5013.pdf#page=8 1814f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#34 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5021.pdf#page=8 1815f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#35 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5096.pdf#page=3 1816f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#36 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5167.pdf#page=2 1817f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#37 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5248.pdf#page=7 1818f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#38 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5335.pdf#page=6 1819f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#39 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5339.pdf#page=7 1820f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#40 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5506.pdf#page=19 1821f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#41 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5731.pdf#page=2 1822f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#42 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5853.pdf#page=3 1823f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#43 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5937.pdf#page=9 1824f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi#44 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-6024.pdf#page=4 1825f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# 1826f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Time Determination (Temporary Provisions) Law, 1997 1827f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law19/p201_003.htm 1828f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# 1829f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Time Determination (Temporary Provisions) Law, 2000 1830f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law19/p201_004.htm 1831f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# 1832f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Time Determination Law, 1992 and amendments 1833f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law01/p201_002.htm 1834f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://main.knesset.gov.il/Activity/Legislation/Laws/Pages/LawPrimary.aspx?lawitemid=2001174 1835f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi 1836f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# From Paul Eggert (2020-10-27): 1837f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Several of the midnight transitions mentioned above are ambiguous; 1838f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# are they 00:00, 00:00s, 24:00, or 24:00s? When resolving these ambiguities, 1839f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# try to minimize changes from previous tzdb versions, for lack of better info. 1840f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Commentary from previous versions is included below, to help explain this. 1841f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi 1842f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1843f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Zion 1940 only - May 31 24:00u 1:00 D 1844f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Zion 1940 only - Sep 30 24:00u 0 S 1845f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Zion 1940 only - Nov 16 24:00u 1:00 D 1846f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Zion 1942 1946 - Oct 31 24:00u 0 S 1847f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Zion 1943 1944 - Mar 31 24:00u 1:00 D 1848f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Zion 1945 1946 - Apr 15 24:00u 1:00 D 1849f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Zion 1948 only - May 22 24:00u 2:00 DD 1850f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Zion 1948 only - Aug 31 24:00u 1:00 D 1851f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Zion 1948 1949 - Oct 31 24:00u 0 S 1852f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Zion 1949 only - Apr 30 24:00u 1:00 D 1853f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Zion 1950 only - Apr 15 24:00u 1:00 D 1854f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Zion 1950 only - Sep 14 24:00u 0 S 1855f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Zion 1951 only - Mar 31 24:00u 1:00 D 1856f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Zion 1951 only - Nov 10 24:00u 0 S 1857f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Zion 1952 only - Apr 19 24:00u 1:00 D 1858f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Zion 1952 only - Oct 18 24:00u 0 S 1859f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Zion 1953 only - Apr 11 24:00u 1:00 D 1860f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Zion 1953 only - Sep 12 24:00u 0 S 1861f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Zion 1954 only - Jun 12 24:00u 1:00 D 1862f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Zion 1954 only - Sep 11 24:00u 0 S 1863f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 24:00u 1:00 D 1864f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Zion 1955 only - Sep 10 24:00u 0 S 1865f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Zion 1956 only - Jun 2 24:00u 1:00 D 1866f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Zion 1956 only - Sep 29 24:00u 0 S 1867f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Zion 1957 only - Apr 27 24:00u 1:00 D 1868f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Zion 1957 only - Sep 21 24:00u 0 S 1869f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Zion 1974 only - Jul 6 24:00 1:00 D 1870f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Zion 1974 only - Oct 12 24:00 0 S 1871f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Zion 1975 only - Apr 19 24:00 1:00 D 1872f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Zion 1975 only - Aug 30 24:00 0 S 1873251a62bcSDominik Hassler 1874251a62bcSDominik Hassler# From Alois Treindl (2019-03-06): 1875374df668SAndy Fiddaman# http://www.moin.gov.il/Documents/שעון%20קיץ/clock-50-years-7-2014.pdf 1876251a62bcSDominik Hassler# From Isaac Starkman (2019-03-06): 1877251a62bcSDominik Hassler# Summer time was in that period in 1980 and 1984, see 1878251a62bcSDominik Hassler# https://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-3951073,00.html 1879251a62bcSDominik Hassler# You can of course read it in translation. 1880251a62bcSDominik Hassler# I checked the local newspapers for that years. 1881251a62bcSDominik Hassler# It started on midnight and end at 01.00 am. 1882251a62bcSDominik Hassler# From Paul Eggert (2019-03-06): 1883251a62bcSDominik Hassler# Also see this thread about the moin.gov.il URL: 1884251a62bcSDominik Hassler# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2018-November/027194.html 1885f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Zion 1980 only - Aug 2 24:00s 1:00 D 1886f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Zion 1980 only - Sep 13 24:00s 0 S 1887f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Zion 1984 only - May 5 24:00s 1:00 D 1888f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Zion 1984 only - Aug 25 24:00s 0 S 1889251a62bcSDominik Hassler 1890f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Zion 1985 only - Apr 13 24:00 1:00 D 1891f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Zion 1985 only - Aug 31 24:00 0 S 1892f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Zion 1986 only - May 17 24:00 1:00 D 1893f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Zion 1986 only - Sep 6 24:00 0 S 1894f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Zion 1987 only - Apr 14 24:00 1:00 D 1895f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Zion 1987 only - Sep 12 24:00 0 S 1896503609a9SYuri Pankov 1897503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Avigdor Finkelstein (2014-03-05): 1898503609a9SYuri Pankov# I check the Parliament (Knesset) records and there it's stated that the 1899503609a9SYuri Pankov# [1988] transition should take place on Saturday night, when the Sabbath 1900503609a9SYuri Pankov# ends and changes to Sunday. 1901f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Zion 1988 only - Apr 9 24:00 1:00 D 1902f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Zion 1988 only - Sep 3 24:00 0 S 1903503609a9SYuri Pankov 1904503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Ephraim Silverberg 1905503609a9SYuri Pankov# (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22, 1906503609a9SYuri Pankov# and 2005-02-17): 1907503609a9SYuri Pankov 1908503609a9SYuri Pankov# According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of 1909503609a9SYuri Pankov# Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes. 1910503609a9SYuri Pankov# One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150 1911503609a9SYuri Pankov# days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to 1912503609a9SYuri Pankov# daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to 1913503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a 1914503609a9SYuri Pankov# Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard 1915503609a9SYuri Pankov# time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard 1916503609a9SYuri Pankov# time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid 1917503609a9SYuri Pankov# conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to 1918503609a9SYuri Pankov# daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from 1919503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time 1920503609a9SYuri Pankov# was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for 1921503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was 1922503609a9SYuri Pankov# similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it 1923503609a9SYuri Pankov# will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all 1924503609a9SYuri Pankov# changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no 1925503609a9SYuri Pankov# rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date 1926503609a9SYuri Pankov# (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve 1927503609a9SYuri Pankov# of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date 1928503609a9SYuri Pankov# (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement] 1929503609a9SYuri Pankov# (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar). 1930503609a9SYuri Pankov 1931f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1932f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Zion 1989 only - Apr 29 24:00 1:00 D 1933f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Zion 1989 only - Sep 2 24:00 0 S 1934f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Zion 1990 only - Mar 24 24:00 1:00 D 1935f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Zion 1990 only - Aug 25 24:00 0 S 1936f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Zion 1991 only - Mar 23 24:00 1:00 D 1937f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Zion 1991 only - Aug 31 24:00 0 S 1938f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Zion 1992 only - Mar 28 24:00 1:00 D 1939f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Zion 1992 only - Sep 5 24:00 0 S 1940503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D 1941503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S 1942503609a9SYuri Pankov 1943503609a9SYuri Pankov# The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the 1944503609a9SYuri Pankov# Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by 1945503609a9SYuri Pankov# calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448. 1946503609a9SYuri Pankov 1947f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1948503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1949503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S 1950503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D 1951503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 1952503609a9SYuri Pankov 1953503609a9SYuri Pankov# The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the 1954503609a9SYuri Pankov# time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998 1955503609a9SYuri Pankov# (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at: 1956503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1957503609a9SYuri Pankov# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz 1958503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1959503609a9SYuri Pankov# The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa. 1960503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1961503609a9SYuri Pankov# The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at: 1962503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1963503609a9SYuri Pankov# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz 1964503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1965503609a9SYuri Pankov# where YYYY is the relevant year. 1966503609a9SYuri Pankov 1967f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1968f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Zion 1996 only - Mar 14 24:00 1:00 D 1969f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Zion 1996 only - Sep 15 24:00 0 S 1970f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Zion 1997 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 D 1971f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Zion 1997 only - Sep 13 24:00 0 S 1972503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D 1973503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 1974503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D 1975503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S 1976503609a9SYuri Pankov 1977503609a9SYuri Pankov# The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for 1978503609a9SYuri Pankov# the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the 1979503609a9SYuri Pankov# years 2001-2004 as well. 1980503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1981503609a9SYuri Pankov# The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at: 1982503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1983503609a9SYuri Pankov# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz 1984503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1985503609a9SYuri Pankov# The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates 1986503609a9SYuri Pankov# for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at: 1987503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1988503609a9SYuri Pankov# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz 1989503609a9SYuri Pankov 1990f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1991503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D 1992503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S 1993503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D 1994503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S 1995503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D 1996503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S 1997503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D 1998503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S 1999503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D 2000503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S 2001503609a9SYuri Pankov 2002503609a9SYuri Pankov# The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on 2003503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the 2004503609a9SYuri Pankov# last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April 2005503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday 2006503609a9SYuri Pankov# night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur. 2007503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2008503609a9SYuri Pankov# Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at: 2009503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2010503609a9SYuri Pankov# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps 2011503609a9SYuri Pankov 2012f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2013374df668SAndy FiddamanRule Zion 2005 2012 - Apr Fri<=1 2:00 1:00 D 2014503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S 2015503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S 2016503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 2017503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S 2018503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S 2019503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 2020503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 2021503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S 2022503609a9SYuri Pankov 2023f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# From Ephraim Silverberg (2020-10-26): 2024f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# The current time law (2013) from the State of Israel can be viewed 2025f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# (in Hebrew) at: 2026f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/israel/announcements/2013+law.pdf 2027f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# It translates to: 2028f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Every year, in the period from the Friday before the last Sunday in 2029f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# the month of March at 02:00 a.m. until the last Sunday of the month 2030f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# of October at 02:00 a.m., Israel Time will be advanced an additional 2031f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# hour such that it will be UTC+3. 2032503609a9SYuri Pankov 2033f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2034503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 2013 max - Mar Fri>=23 2:00 1:00 D 2035503609a9SYuri PankovRule Zion 2013 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S 2036503609a9SYuri Pankov 2037374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2038503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:54 - LMT 1880 2039503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time? 2040503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 Zion I%sT 2041503609a9SYuri Pankov 2042503609a9SYuri Pankov 2043503609a9SYuri Pankov 2044503609a9SYuri Pankov############################################################################### 2045503609a9SYuri Pankov 2046503609a9SYuri Pankov# Japan 2047503609a9SYuri Pankov 2048503609a9SYuri Pankov# '9:00' and 'JST' is from Guy Harris. 2049503609a9SYuri Pankov 20505254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# From Paul Eggert (2020-01-19): 20515254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# Starting in the 7th century, Japan generally followed an ancient Chinese 20525254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# timekeeping system that divided night and day into six hours each, 20535254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# with hour length depending on season. In 1873 the government 20545254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# started requiring the use of a Western style 24-hour clock. See: 20555254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# Yulia Frumer, "Making Time: Astronomical Time Measurement in Tokugawa Japan" 20565254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# <https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1043907065>. As the tzdb code and 20575254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# data support only 24-hour clocks, its tables model timestamps before 20585254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# 1873 using Western-style local mean time. 20595254d4faSAndy Fiddaman 20605254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09): 20615254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical 20625254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# Observatory: 139° 44' 40.90" E (9h 18m 58.727s), 35° 39' 16.0" N. 20635254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996' 20645254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan.... 20655254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST). 20665254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# The law is enacted on 1886-07-07. 20675254d4faSAndy Fiddaman 20685254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16): 20695254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan, 20705254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# which stands for the time on 135° E. 20715254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central 20725254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard 20735254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# time", which stands for the time on 120° E.... But "western standard 20745254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No. 20755254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is 20765254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# standard.... 20775254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# 20785254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate. 20795254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor. 20805254d4faSAndy Fiddaman 20815254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12): 20825254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# ...the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of Meiji Year 28 "The clause 20835254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# about standard time" ... The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. 20845254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時) 20855254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# 20865254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# ...the Showa Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 ... which 20875254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# means the whole Japan territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan 20885254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# Central Time (UT+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. 20895254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件 20905254d4faSAndy Fiddaman 2091503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06): 2092503609a9SYuri Pankov# Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had 2093503609a9SYuri Pankov# daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but "the system was discontinued 2094503609a9SYuri Pankov# because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours." 2095503609a9SYuri Pankov 2096503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times: 2097503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm 2098503609a9SYuri Pankov# Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on 2099503609a9SYuri Pankov# [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of 2100503609a9SYuri Pankov# daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated 2101503609a9SYuri Pankov# deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to 2102503609a9SYuri Pankov# dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San 2103503609a9SYuri Pankov# Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53% 2104503609a9SYuri Pankov# of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who 2105503609a9SYuri Pankov# wanted to keep it.) 2106503609a9SYuri Pankov 21074dac00ceSAndy Fiddaman# From Takayuki Nikai (2018-01-19): 21084dac00ceSAndy Fiddaman# The source of information is Japanese law. 21094dac00ceSAndy Fiddaman# http://www.shugiin.go.jp/internet/itdb_housei.nsf/html/houritsu/00219480428029.htm 21104dac00ceSAndy Fiddaman# http://www.shugiin.go.jp/internet/itdb_housei.nsf/html/houritsu/00719500331039.htm 21114dac00ceSAndy Fiddaman# ... In summary, it is written as follows. From 24:00 on the first Saturday 21124dac00ceSAndy Fiddaman# in May, until 0:00 on the day after the second Saturday in September. 211305e627dcSAndy Fiddaman 211405e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# From Phake Nick (2018-09-27): 211505e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# [T]he webpage authored by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 211605e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# https://eco.mtk.nao.ac.jp/koyomi/wiki/BBFEB9EF2FB2C6BBFEB9EF.html 211705e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# ... mentioned that using Showa 23 (year 1948) as example, 13pm of September 211805e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# 11 in summer time will equal to 0am of September 12 in standard time. 211905e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# It cited a document issued by the Liaison Office which briefly existed 212005e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# during the postwar period of Japan, where the detail on implementation 212105e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# of the summer time is described in the document. 212205e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# https://eco.mtk.nao.ac.jp/koyomi/wiki/BBFEB9EF2FB2C6BBFEB9EFB2C6BBFEB9EFA4CEBCC2BBDCA4CBA4C4A4A4A4C6.pdf 212305e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# The text in the document do instruct a fall back to occur at 212405e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# September 11, 13pm in summer time, while ordinary citizens can 212505e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# change the clock before they sleep. 212605e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# 212705e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# From Paul Eggert (2018-09-27): 212805e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# This instruction is equivalent to "Sat>=8 25:00", so use that. zic treats 212905e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# it like "Sun>=9 01:00", which is not quite the same but is the best we can 213005e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# do in any POSIX or C platform. The "25:00" assumes zic from 2007 or later, 213105e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# which should be safe now. 213205e627dcSAndy Fiddaman 2133f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 21344dac00ceSAndy FiddamanRule Japan 1948 only - May Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D 213505e627dcSAndy FiddamanRule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 25:00 0 S 21364dac00ceSAndy FiddamanRule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D 21374dac00ceSAndy FiddamanRule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D 2138503609a9SYuri Pankov 2139374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2140503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u 2141503609a9SYuri Pankov 9:00 Japan J%sT 2142251a62bcSDominik Hassler# Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo, 2143251a62bcSDominik Hassler# except that Truk (Chuuk), Ponape (Pohnpei), and Jaluit (Kosrae) did not 2144251a62bcSDominik Hassler# switch from +10 to +09 until 1941-04-01; see the 'australasia' file. 2145503609a9SYuri Pankov 2146503609a9SYuri Pankov# Jordan 2147503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2148503609a9SYuri Pankov# From <http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html> 2149503609a9SYuri Pankov# Jordan Week (1999-07-01) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 2150503609a9SYuri Pankov# Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight, 2151503609a9SYuri Pankov# in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time 2152503609a9SYuri Pankov# all year round. 2153503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2154503609a9SYuri Pankov# From <http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html> 2155503609a9SYuri Pankov# Jordan Week (1999-09-30) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09): 2156503609a9SYuri Pankov# Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back 2157503609a9SYuri Pankov# by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final! 2158503609a9SYuri Pankov# The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in 2159503609a9SYuri Pankov# government's departments from six to seven hours. 2160503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2161503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 2162503609a9SYuri Pankov# Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 2163503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2164503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 2165503609a9SYuri Pankov# For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year 2166503609a9SYuri Pankov# about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year. 2167503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2168503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi: 2169503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm 2170503609a9SYuri Pankov# "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27". 2171503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2172503609a9SYuri Pankov 2173503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02): 2174503609a9SYuri Pankov# This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic): 2175503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279 2176503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2177503609a9SYuri Pankov# Google's translation: 2178503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2179503609a9SYuri Pankov# > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely 2180503609a9SYuri Pankov# > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday 2181503609a9SYuri Pankov# > of the month of March of each year. 2182503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2183503609a9SYuri Pankov# So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002. 2184503609a9SYuri Pankov 2185503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06): 2186503609a9SYuri Pankov# We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001. 2187503609a9SYuri Pankov 2188503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-10-25): 2189503609a9SYuri Pankov# Yesterday the government in Jordan announced that they will not 2190503609a9SYuri Pankov# switch back to standard time this winter, so the will stay on DST 2191503609a9SYuri Pankov# until about the same time next year (at least). 2192503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=88950 2193503609a9SYuri Pankov 2194503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-12-11): 2195503609a9SYuri Pankov# Jordan Times and other sources say that Jordan is going back to 2196503609a9SYuri Pankov# UTC+2 on 2013-12-19 at midnight: 2197503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://jordantimes.com/govt-decides-to-switch-back-to-wintertime 2198503609a9SYuri Pankov# Official, in Arabic: 2199503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.petra.gov.jo/public_news/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?Menu_ID=&Site_Id=2&lang=1&NewsID=133230&CatID=14 2200503609a9SYuri Pankov# ... Our background/permalink about it 2201b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/jordan-reverses-dst-decision.html 2202503609a9SYuri Pankov# ... 2203503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?lang=2&site_id=1&NewsID=133313&Type=P 2204503609a9SYuri Pankov# ... says midnight for the coming one and 1:00 for the ones in the future 2205503609a9SYuri Pankov# (and they will use DST again next year, using the normal schedule). 2206503609a9SYuri Pankov 2207503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2013-12-11): 2208503609a9SYuri Pankov# As Steffen suggested, consider the past 21-month experiment to be DST. 2209503609a9SYuri Pankov 2210db7e2a90SAndy Fiddaman# From Steffen Thorsen (2021-09-24): 2211db7e2a90SAndy Fiddaman# The Jordanian Government announced yesterday that they will start DST 2212db7e2a90SAndy Fiddaman# in February instead of March: 2213db7e2a90SAndy Fiddaman# https://petra.gov.jo/Include/InnerPage.jsp?ID=37683&lang=en&name=en_news (English) 2214db7e2a90SAndy Fiddaman# https://petra.gov.jo/Include/InnerPage.jsp?ID=189969&lang=ar&name=news (Arabic) 2215db7e2a90SAndy Fiddaman# From the Arabic version, it seems to say it would be at midnight 2216db7e2a90SAndy Fiddaman# (assume 24:00) on the last Thursday in February, starting from 2022. 2217db7e2a90SAndy Fiddaman 2218f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# From Issam Al-Zuwairi (2022-10-05): 2219f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# The Council of Ministers in Jordan decided Wednesday 5th October 2022, 2220f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# that daylight saving time (DST) will be throughout the year.... 2221f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# 2222f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# From Brian Inglis (2022-10-06): 2223f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# https://petra.gov.jo/Include/InnerPage.jsp?ID=45567&lang=en&name=en_news 2224f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# 2225f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# From Paul Eggert (2022-10-05): 2226f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Like Syria, model this as a transition from EEST +03 (DST) to plain +03 2227f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# (non-DST) at the point where DST would otherwise have ended. 2228f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi 2229f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2230503609a9SYuri PankovRule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S 2231503609a9SYuri PankovRule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2232503609a9SYuri PankovRule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2233503609a9SYuri PankovRule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 2234503609a9SYuri PankovRule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2235503609a9SYuri PankovRule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 2236503609a9SYuri PankovRule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 2237503609a9SYuri PankovRule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2238503609a9SYuri PankovRule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2239503609a9SYuri PankovRule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 2240503609a9SYuri PankovRule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 2241503609a9SYuri PankovRule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S 2242503609a9SYuri PankovRule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S 2243503609a9SYuri PankovRule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S 2244503609a9SYuri PankovRule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 2245503609a9SYuri PankovRule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S 2246503609a9SYuri PankovRule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 2247503609a9SYuri PankovRule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 2248503609a9SYuri PankovRule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 2249503609a9SYuri PankovRule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 - 2250503609a9SYuri PankovRule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S 2251503609a9SYuri PankovRule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 2252503609a9SYuri PankovRule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S 2253503609a9SYuri PankovRule Jordan 2002 2012 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 2254503609a9SYuri PankovRule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 - 2255503609a9SYuri PankovRule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 - 2256503609a9SYuri PankovRule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 2257503609a9SYuri PankovRule Jordan 2006 2011 - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 - 2258503609a9SYuri PankovRule Jordan 2013 only - Dec 20 0:00 0 - 2259db7e2a90SAndy FiddamanRule Jordan 2014 2021 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 2260f117aa50SRobert MustacchiRule Jordan 2014 2022 - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 - 2261f117aa50SRobert MustacchiRule Jordan 2022 only - Feb lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 2262374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2263503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931 2264f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 2022 Oct 28 0:00s 2265f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi 3:00 - +03 2266503609a9SYuri Pankov 2267503609a9SYuri Pankov 2268503609a9SYuri Pankov# Kazakhstan 2269503609a9SYuri Pankov 2270503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin No. 11 2271503609a9SYuri Pankov# <http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm> (2005-03-21): 2272503609a9SYuri Pankov# The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing 2273503609a9SYuri Pankov# daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health 2274503609a9SYuri Pankov# complications coupled with a decrease in productivity. 2275503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2276503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28): 2277503609a9SYuri Pankov# ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone 2278503609a9SYuri Pankov# was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has 2279503609a9SYuri Pankov# two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone 2280503609a9SYuri Pankov# closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the 2281dafc4501SDan McDonald# same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtöbe, Atyraū, 2282dafc4501SDan McDonald# Mangghystaū, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses 2283503609a9SYuri Pankov# everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones 2284503609a9SYuri Pankov# de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively. 2285503609a9SYuri Pankov 2286dafc4501SDan McDonald# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-27): 2287503609a9SYuri Pankov# Review of the linked documents from http://adilet.zan.kz/ 2288503609a9SYuri Pankov# produced the following data for post-1991 Kazakhstan: 2289503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2290503609a9SYuri Pankov# 0. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the USSR 2291503609a9SYuri Pankov# from 1991-02-04 No. 20 2292503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102010545 2293503609a9SYuri Pankov# removed the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of the USSR 2294503609a9SYuri Pankov# starting with the last Sunday of March 1991. 2295503609a9SYuri Pankov# It also allowed (but not mandated) Kazakh SSR, Kirghiz SSR, Tajik SSR, 2296503609a9SYuri Pankov# Turkmen SSR and Uzbek SSR to not have "summer" time. 2297503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2298503609a9SYuri Pankov# The 1992-01-13 act also refers to the act of the Cabinet of Ministers 2299503609a9SYuri Pankov# of the Kazakh SSR from 1991-03-20 No. 170 "About the act of the Cabinet 2300503609a9SYuri Pankov# of Ministers of the USSR from 1991-02-04 No. 20" but I didn't found its 2301503609a9SYuri Pankov# text. 2302503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2303503609a9SYuri Pankov# According to Izvestia newspaper No. 68 (23334) from 1991-03-20 2304374df668SAndy Fiddaman# -- page 6; available at http://libinfo.org/newsr/newsr2574.djvu via 2305374df668SAndy Fiddaman# http://libinfo.org/index.php?id=58564 -- on 1991-03-31 at 2:00 during 2306503609a9SYuri Pankov# transition to "summer" time: 2307503609a9SYuri Pankov# Republic of Georgia, Latvian SSR, Lithuanian SSR, SSR Moldova, 2308503609a9SYuri Pankov# Estonian SSR; Komi ASSR; Kaliningrad oblast; Nenets autonomous okrug 2309503609a9SYuri Pankov# were to move clocks 1 hour forward. 2310503609a9SYuri Pankov# Kazakh SSR (excluding Uralsk oblast); Republic of Kyrgyzstan, Tajik 2311503609a9SYuri Pankov# SSR; Andijan, Jizzakh, Namangan, Sirdarya, Tashkent, Fergana oblasts 2312503609a9SYuri Pankov# of the Uzbek SSR were to move clocks 1 hour backwards. 2313503609a9SYuri Pankov# Other territories were to not move clocks. 2314503609a9SYuri Pankov# When the "summer" time would end on 1991-09-29, clocks were to be 2315503609a9SYuri Pankov# moved 1 hour backwards on the territory of the USSR excluding 2316503609a9SYuri Pankov# Kazakhstan, Kirghizia, Uzbekistan, Turkmenia, Tajikistan. 2317503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2318503609a9SYuri Pankov# Apparently there were last minute changes. Apparently Kazakh act No. 170 2319503609a9SYuri Pankov# was one of such changes. 2320503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2321374df668SAndy Fiddaman# https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Декретное_время 2322503609a9SYuri Pankov# claims that Sovetskaya Rossiya newspaper on 1991-03-29 published that 2323503609a9SYuri Pankov# Nenets autonomous okrug, Komi and Kazakhstan (excluding Uralsk oblast) 2324503609a9SYuri Pankov# were to not move clocks and Uralsk oblast was to move clocks 2325503609a9SYuri Pankov# forward; on 1991-09-29 Kazakhstan was to move clocks backwards. 2326503609a9SYuri Pankov# (Probably there were changes even after that publication. There is an 2327503609a9SYuri Pankov# article claiming that Kaliningrad oblast decided on 1991-03-29 to not 2328503609a9SYuri Pankov# move clocks.) 2329503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2330503609a9SYuri Pankov# This implies that on 1991-03-31 Asia/Oral remained on +04/+05 while 2331503609a9SYuri Pankov# the rest of Kazakhstan switched from +06/+07 to +05/06 or from +05/06 2332dafc4501SDan McDonald# to +04/+05. It's unclear how Qyzylorda oblast moved into the fifth 2333503609a9SYuri Pankov# time belt. (By switching from +04/+05 to +05/+06 on 1991-09-29?) ... 2334503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2335503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2336503609a9SYuri Pankov# from 1992-01-13 No. 28 2337503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000028_ 2338503609a9SYuri Pankov# (text includes modification from the 1996 act) 2339503609a9SYuri Pankov# introduced new rules for calculation of time, mirroring Russian 2340503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1992-01-08 act. It specified that time would be calculated 2341503609a9SYuri Pankov# according to time belts plus extra hour ("decree time"), moved clocks 2342503609a9SYuri Pankov# on the whole territory of Kazakhstan 1 hour forward on 1992-01-19 at 2343503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2:00, specified DST rules. It acknowledged that Kazakhstan was 2344503609a9SYuri Pankov# located in the fourth and the fifth time belts and specified the 2345dafc4501SDan McDonald# border between them to be located east of Qostanay and Aktyubinsk 2346dafc4501SDan McDonald# oblasts (notably including Turgai and Qyzylorda oblasts into the fifth 2347503609a9SYuri Pankov# time belt). 2348503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2349503609a9SYuri Pankov# This means switch on 1992-01-19 at 2:00 from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for 2350dafc4501SDan McDonald# Asia/Aqtau, Asia/Aqtobe, Asia/Oral, Atyraū and Qostanay oblasts; from 2351dafc4501SDan McDonald# +05/+06 to +06/+07 for Asia/Almaty and Asia/Qyzylorda (and Arkalyk).... 2352503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2353503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2354503609a9SYuri Pankov# from 1992-03-27 No. 284 2355503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000284_ 2356dafc4501SDan McDonald# cancels extra hour ("decree time") for Uralsk and Qyzylorda oblasts 2357503609a9SYuri Pankov# since the last Sunday of March 1992, while keeping them in the fourth 2358503609a9SYuri Pankov# and the fifth time belts respectively. 2359503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2360503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3. Order of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2361503609a9SYuri Pankov# from 1994-09-23 No. 384 2362503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/R940000384_ 2363dafc4501SDan McDonald# cancels the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of Mangghystaū 2364503609a9SYuri Pankov# oblast since the last Sunday of September 1994 (saying that time on 2365503609a9SYuri Pankov# the territory would correspond to the third time belt as a 2366503609a9SYuri Pankov# result).... 2367503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2368503609a9SYuri Pankov# 4. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2369503609a9SYuri Pankov# from 1996-05-08 No. 575 2370503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P960000575_ 2371503609a9SYuri Pankov# amends the 1992-01-13 act to end summer time in October instead 2372503609a9SYuri Pankov# of September, mirroring identical Russian change from 1996-04-23 act. 2373503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2374503609a9SYuri Pankov# 5. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2375503609a9SYuri Pankov# from 1999-03-26 No. 305 2376503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P990000305_ 2377dafc4501SDan McDonald# cancels the extra hour ("decree time") for Atyraū oblast since the 2378503609a9SYuri Pankov# last Sunday of March 1999 while retaining the oblast in the fourth 2379503609a9SYuri Pankov# time belt. 2380503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2381dafc4501SDan McDonald# This means change from +05/+06 to +04/+05.... 2382503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2383503609a9SYuri Pankov# 6. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2384503609a9SYuri Pankov# from 2000-11-23 No. 1749 2385503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P000001749_/23.11.2000 2386503609a9SYuri Pankov# replaces the previous five documents. 2387503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2388503609a9SYuri Pankov# The only changes I noticed are in definition of the border between the 2389503609a9SYuri Pankov# fourth and the fifth time belts. They account for changes in spelling 2390503609a9SYuri Pankov# and administrative division (splitting of Turgai oblast in 1997 2391dafc4501SDan McDonald# probably changed time in territories incorporated into Qostanay oblast 2392dafc4501SDan McDonald# (including Arkalyk) from +06/+07 to +05/+06) and move Qyzylorda oblast 2393503609a9SYuri Pankov# from being in the fifth time belt and not using decree time into the 2394dafc4501SDan McDonald# fourth time belt (no change in practice). 2395503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2396503609a9SYuri Pankov# 7. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2397503609a9SYuri Pankov# from 2003-12-29 No. 1342 2398503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P030001342_ 2399503609a9SYuri Pankov# modified the 2000-11-23 act. No relevant changes, apparently. 2400503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2401503609a9SYuri Pankov# 8. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2402503609a9SYuri Pankov# from 2004-07-20 No. 775 2403503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P040000775_/20.07.2004 2404dafc4501SDan McDonald# modified the 2000-11-23 act to move Qostanay and Qyzylorda oblasts into 2405503609a9SYuri Pankov# the fifth time belt and add Aktobe oblast to the list of regions not 2406503609a9SYuri Pankov# using extra hour ("decree time"), leaving Kazakhstan with only 2 time 2407503609a9SYuri Pankov# zones (+04/+05 and +06/+07). The changes were to be implemented 2408503609a9SYuri Pankov# during DST transitions in 2004 and 2005 but the acts got radically 2409503609a9SYuri Pankov# amended before implementation happened. 2410503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2411503609a9SYuri Pankov# 9. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2412503609a9SYuri Pankov# from 2004-09-15 No. 1059 2413503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P040001059_ 2414503609a9SYuri Pankov# modified the 2000-11-23 act to remove exceptions from the "decree time" 2415503609a9SYuri Pankov# (leaving Kazakhstan in +05/+06 and +06/+07 zones), amended the 2416dafc4501SDan McDonald# 2004-07-20 act to implement changes for Atyraū, West Kazakhstan, 2417dafc4501SDan McDonald# Qostanay, Qyzylorda and Mangghystaū oblasts by not moving clocks 2418dafc4501SDan McDonald# during the 2004 transition to "winter" time. 2419503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2420dafc4501SDan McDonald# This means transition from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for Atyraū oblast (no 2421503609a9SYuri Pankov# zone currently), Asia/Oral, Asia/Aqtau and transition from +05/+06 to 2422dafc4501SDan McDonald# +06/+07 for Qostanay oblast (Qostanay and Arkalyk, no zones currently) 2423dafc4501SDan McDonald# and Asia/Qyzylorda on 2004-10-31 at 3:00.... 2424503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2425503609a9SYuri Pankov# 10. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2426503609a9SYuri Pankov# from 2005-03-15 No. 231 2427503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P050000231_ 2428503609a9SYuri Pankov# removes DST provisions from the 2000-11-23 act, removes most of the 2429503609a9SYuri Pankov# (already implemented) provisions from the 2004-07-20 and 2004-09-15 2430503609a9SYuri Pankov# acts, comes into effect 10 days after official publication. 2431503609a9SYuri Pankov# The only practical effect seems to be the abolition of the summer 2432503609a9SYuri Pankov# time. 2433503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2434503609a9SYuri Pankov# Unamended version of the act of the Government of the Russian Federation 2435503609a9SYuri Pankov# No. 23 from 1992-01-08 [See 'europe' file for details]. 2436503609a9SYuri Pankov# Kazakh 1992-01-13 act appears to provide the same rules and 1992-03-27 2437503609a9SYuri Pankov# act was to be enacted on the last Sunday of March 1992. 2438503609a9SYuri Pankov 2439dafc4501SDan McDonald# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-11-08): 2440dafc4501SDan McDonald# Turgai reorganization should affect only southern part of Qostanay 2441dafc4501SDan McDonald# oblast. Which should probably be separated into Asia/Arkalyk zone. 2442dafc4501SDan McDonald# (There were also 1970, 1988 and 1990 Turgai oblast reorganizations 2443dafc4501SDan McDonald# according to wikipedia.) 2444503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2445dafc4501SDan McDonald# [For Qostanay] http://www.ng.kz/gazeta/195/hranit/ 2446dafc4501SDan McDonald# suggests that clocks were to be moved 40 minutes backwards on 2447dafc4501SDan McDonald# 1920-01-01 to the fourth time belt. But I do not understand 2448dafc4501SDan McDonald# how that could happen.... 2449dafc4501SDan McDonald# 2450dafc4501SDan McDonald# [For Atyrau and Oral] 1919 decree 2451dafc4501SDan McDonald# (http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-1919-02-08.html 2452dafc4501SDan McDonald# and in Byalokoz) lists Ural river (plus 10 versts on its left bank) in 2453dafc4501SDan McDonald# the third time belt (before 1930 this means +03). 2454dafc4501SDan McDonald 2455251a62bcSDominik Hassler# From Alexander Konzurovski (2018-12-20): 2456427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# (Asia/Qyzylorda) is changing its time zone from UTC+6 to UTC+5 2457427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# effective December 21st, 2018.... 2458427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P1800000817 (russian language). 2459dafc4501SDan McDonald 2460*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# From Zhanbolat Raimbekov (2024-01-19): 2461*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# Kazakhstan (all parts) switching to UTC+5 on March 1, 2024 2462*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/mti/press/news/details/688998?lang=ru 2463*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# [in Russian] 2464*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# (2024-01-20): https://primeminister.kz/ru/decisions/19012024-20 2465*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# 2466*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2024-01-19): 2467*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# According to a different news and the official web site for the Ministry of 2468*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# Trade and Integration of the Republic of Kazakhstan: 2469*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# https://en.inform.kz/news/kazakhstan-to-switch-to-single-hour-zone-mar-1-54ad0b/ 2470*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi 2471374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2472503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2473503609a9SYuri Pankov# Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan 2474*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# This includes Abai/Abay (ISO 3166-2 code KZ-10), Aqmola/Akmola (KZ-11), 2475*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# Almaty (KZ-19), Almaty city (KZ-75), Astana city (KZ-71), 2476*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# East Kazkhstan (KZ-63), Jambyl/Zhambyl (KZ-31), Jetisu/Zhetysu (KZ-33), 2477*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# Karaganda (KZ-35), North Kazakhstan (KZ-59), Pavlodar (KZ-55), 2478*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# Shyumkent city (KZ-79), Turkistan (KZ-61), and Ulytau (KZ-62). 2479503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata 2480503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 2481503609a9SYuri Pankov 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2482503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2483503609a9SYuri Pankov 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 2484*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi 6:00 - +06 2024 Mar 1 0:00 2485*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi 5:00 - +05 2486*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) (KZ-43) 2487503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2 2488503609a9SYuri Pankov 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 2489503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 2490503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 2491503609a9SYuri Pankov 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 2492503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2493503609a9SYuri Pankov 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 2494503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2495503609a9SYuri Pankov 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 2496503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 2497251a62bcSDominik Hassler 6:00 - +06 2018 Dec 21 0:00 2498251a62bcSDominik Hassler 5:00 - +05 2499*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# Qostanay (aka Kostanay, Kustanay) (KZ-39) 2500251a62bcSDominik Hassler# The 1991/2 rules are unclear partly because of the 1997 Turgai 2501251a62bcSDominik Hassler# reorganization. 2502251a62bcSDominik HasslerZone Asia/Qostanay 4:14:28 - LMT 1924 May 2 2503251a62bcSDominik Hassler 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 2504251a62bcSDominik Hassler 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 2505251a62bcSDominik Hassler 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 2506251a62bcSDominik Hassler 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 2507251a62bcSDominik Hassler 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2508251a62bcSDominik Hassler 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2509251a62bcSDominik Hassler 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 2510*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi 6:00 - +06 2024 Mar 1 0:00 2511*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi 5:00 - +05 2512*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# Aqtöbe (aka Aktobe, formerly Aktyubinsk) (KZ-15) 2513503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2 2514503609a9SYuri Pankov 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 2515503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 2516503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 2517503609a9SYuri Pankov 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 2518503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2519503609a9SYuri Pankov 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2520503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 2521503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 - +05 2522*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# Mangghystaū (KZ-47) 2523503609a9SYuri Pankov# Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region, 2524503609a9SYuri Pankov# so include timestamps before 1963. 2525503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2 2526503609a9SYuri Pankov 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 2527503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 - +05 1981 Oct 1 2528503609a9SYuri Pankov 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 2529503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2530503609a9SYuri Pankov 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2531503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1994 Sep 25 2:00s 2532503609a9SYuri Pankov 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 2533503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 - +05 2534*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# Atyraū (KZ-23) is like Mangghystaū except it switched from 2535dafc4501SDan McDonald# +04/+05 to +05/+06 in spring 1999, not fall 1994. 2536dafc4501SDan McDonaldZone Asia/Atyrau 3:27:44 - LMT 1924 May 2 2537dafc4501SDan McDonald 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 2538dafc4501SDan McDonald 5:00 - +05 1981 Oct 1 2539dafc4501SDan McDonald 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 2540dafc4501SDan McDonald 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2541dafc4501SDan McDonald 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2542dafc4501SDan McDonald 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1999 Mar 28 2:00s 2543dafc4501SDan McDonald 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 2544dafc4501SDan McDonald 5:00 - +05 2545*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# West Kazakhstan (KZ-27) 2546503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2547503609a9SYuri Pankov# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 2548503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk 2549dafc4501SDan McDonald 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 2550503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 2551503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 2552503609a9SYuri Pankov 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 2553503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 2554503609a9SYuri Pankov 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2555503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 2556503609a9SYuri Pankov 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 2557503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 - +05 2558503609a9SYuri Pankov 2559503609a9SYuri Pankov# Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan) 2560503609a9SYuri Pankov# Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger. 2561503609a9SYuri Pankov 2562503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15): 2563503609a9SYuri Pankov# According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway 2564503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml 2565503609a9SYuri Pankov# Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article 2566503609a9SYuri Pankov# to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC. 2567503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21): 2568503609a9SYuri Pankov# Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005. 2569503609a9SYuri Pankov# From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving. 2570503609a9SYuri Pankov 2571f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 25723508b934SYuri PankovRule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 - 2573503609a9SYuri PankovRule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 25743508b934SYuri PankovRule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 - 2575503609a9SYuri PankovRule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 - 2576374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2577503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 2578503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 2579503609a9SYuri Pankov 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2580503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Aug 31 2:00 2581503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 Kyrgyz +05/+06 2005 Aug 12 2582503609a9SYuri Pankov 6:00 - +06 2583503609a9SYuri Pankov 2584503609a9SYuri Pankov############################################################################### 2585503609a9SYuri Pankov 2586503609a9SYuri Pankov# Korea (North and South) 2587503609a9SYuri Pankov 2588503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10): 2589503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=200607100012 2590503609a9SYuri Pankov# Korea ran a daylight saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it 2591503609a9SYuri Pankov# during the 1950-53 Korean War. The system was temporarily enforced 2592503609a9SYuri Pankov# between 1987 and 1988 ... 2593503609a9SYuri Pankov 2594503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Sanghyuk Jung (2014-10-29): 2595b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021830.html 2596503609a9SYuri Pankov# According to the Korean Wikipedia 2597b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/한국_표준시 2598503609a9SYuri Pankov# [oldid=12896437 2014-09-04 08:03 UTC] 2599503609a9SYuri Pankov# DST in Republic of Korea was as follows.... And I checked old 2600503609a9SYuri Pankov# newspapers in Korean, all articles correspond with data in Wikipedia. 2601503609a9SYuri Pankov# For example, the article in 1948 (Korean Language) proved that DST 2602503609a9SYuri Pankov# started at June 1 in that year. For another example, the article in 2603503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1988 said that DST started at 2:00 AM in that year. 2604503609a9SYuri Pankov 2605251a62bcSDominik Hassler# From Phake Nick (2018-10-27): 2606251a62bcSDominik Hassler# 1. According to official announcement from Korean government, the DST end 2607251a62bcSDominik Hassler# date in South Korea should be 2608251a62bcSDominik Hassler# 1955-09-08 without specifying time 2609251a62bcSDominik Hassler# http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027977557 2610251a62bcSDominik Hassler# 1956-09-29 without specifying time 2611251a62bcSDominik Hassler# http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027978341 2612251a62bcSDominik Hassler# 1957-09-21 24 o'clock 2613251a62bcSDominik Hassler# http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027979690#3 2614251a62bcSDominik Hassler# 1958-09-20 24 o'clock 2615251a62bcSDominik Hassler# http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027981189 2616251a62bcSDominik Hassler# 1959-09-19 24 o'clock 2617251a62bcSDominik Hassler# http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027982974#2 2618251a62bcSDominik Hassler# 1960-09-17 24 o'clock 2619251a62bcSDominik Hassler# http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0028044104 2620251a62bcSDominik Hassler# ... 2621251a62bcSDominik Hassler# 2.... https://namu.wiki/w/대한민국%20표준시 ... [says] 2622251a62bcSDominik Hassler# when Korea was using GMT+8:30 as standard time, the international 2623251a62bcSDominik Hassler# aviation/marine/meteorological industry in the country refused to 2624251a62bcSDominik Hassler# follow and continued to use GMT+9:00 for interoperability. 2625251a62bcSDominik Hassler 2626251a62bcSDominik Hassler 2627f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2628503609a9SYuri PankovRule ROK 1948 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 2629251a62bcSDominik HasslerRule ROK 1948 only - Sep 12 24:00 0 S 2630503609a9SYuri PankovRule ROK 1949 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 D 2631251a62bcSDominik HasslerRule ROK 1949 1951 - Sep Sat>=7 24:00 0 S 2632503609a9SYuri PankovRule ROK 1950 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 2633503609a9SYuri PankovRule ROK 1951 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 D 2634503609a9SYuri PankovRule ROK 1955 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 D 2635251a62bcSDominik HasslerRule ROK 1955 only - Sep 8 24:00 0 S 2636503609a9SYuri PankovRule ROK 1956 only - May 20 0:00 1:00 D 2637251a62bcSDominik HasslerRule ROK 1956 only - Sep 29 24:00 0 S 2638503609a9SYuri PankovRule ROK 1957 1960 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D 2639251a62bcSDominik HasslerRule ROK 1957 1960 - Sep Sat>=17 24:00 0 S 2640503609a9SYuri PankovRule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D 2641503609a9SYuri PankovRule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 3:00 0 S 2642503609a9SYuri Pankov 2643503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2016-08-23): 2644503609a9SYuri Pankov# The Korean Wikipedia entry gives the following sources for UT offsets: 2645503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2646503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1908: Official Journal Article No. 3994 (decree No. 5) 2647503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1912: Governor-General of Korea Official Gazette Issue No. 367 2648503609a9SYuri Pankov# (Announcement No. 338) 2649503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1954: Presidential Decree No. 876 (1954-03-17) 2650503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1961: Law No. 676 (1961-08-07) 2651503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2652503609a9SYuri Pankov# (Another source "1987: Law No. 3919 (1986-12-31)" was in the 2014-10-30 2653503609a9SYuri Pankov# edition of the Korean Wikipedia entry.) 2654503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2655503609a9SYuri Pankov# I guessed that time zone abbreviations through 1945 followed the same 2656503609a9SYuri Pankov# rules as discussed under Taiwan, with nominal switches from JST to KST 2657503609a9SYuri Pankov# when the respective cities were taken over by the Allies after WWII. 2658503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2659503609a9SYuri Pankov# For Pyongyang, guess no changes from World War II until 2015, as we 2660503609a9SYuri Pankov# have no information otherwise. 2661503609a9SYuri Pankov 2662503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-08-07): 2663503609a9SYuri Pankov# According to many news sources, North Korea is going to change to 2664503609a9SYuri Pankov# the 8:30 time zone on August 15, one example: 2665503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-33815049 2666503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2667503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2015-08-15): 2668503609a9SYuri Pankov# Bells rang out midnight (00:00) Friday as part of the celebrations. See: 2669503609a9SYuri Pankov# Talmadge E. North Korea celebrates new time zone, 'Pyongyang Time' 2670503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://news.yahoo.com/north-korea-celebrates-time-zone-pyongyang-time-164038128.html 2671503609a9SYuri Pankov# There is no common English-language abbreviation for this time zone. 2672503609a9SYuri Pankov# Use KST, as that's what we already use for 1954-1961 in ROK. 2673503609a9SYuri Pankov 26743508b934SYuri Pankov# From Kang Seonghoon (2018-04-29): 26753508b934SYuri Pankov# North Korea will revert its time zone from UTC+8:30 (PYT; Pyongyang 26763508b934SYuri Pankov# Time) back to UTC+9 (KST; Korea Standard Time). 26773508b934SYuri Pankov# 26783508b934SYuri Pankov# From Seo Sanghyeon (2018-04-30): 26793508b934SYuri Pankov# Rodong Sinmun 2018-04-30 announced Pyongyang Time transition plan. 26803508b934SYuri Pankov# https://www.nknews.org/kcna/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2018/04/rodong-2018-04-30.pdf 26813508b934SYuri Pankov# ... the transition date is 2018-05-05 ... Citation should be Decree 26823508b934SYuri Pankov# No. 2232 of April 30, 2018, of the Presidium of the Supreme People's 26833508b934SYuri Pankov# Assembly, as published in Rodong Sinmun. 26843508b934SYuri Pankov# From Tim Parenti (2018-04-29): 26853508b934SYuri Pankov# It appears to be the front page story at the top in the right-most column. 268605e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# 268705e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# From Paul Eggert (2018-05-04): 268805e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# The BBC reported that the transition was from 23:30 to 24:00 today. 268905e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-44010705 26903508b934SYuri Pankov 2691374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2692503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1908 Apr 1 2693503609a9SYuri Pankov 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1 2694503609a9SYuri Pankov 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 8 2695374df668SAndy Fiddaman 9:00 ROK K%sT 1954 Mar 21 2696503609a9SYuri Pankov 8:30 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10 2697503609a9SYuri Pankov 9:00 ROK K%sT 2698503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1908 Apr 1 2699503609a9SYuri Pankov 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1 2700503609a9SYuri Pankov 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 24 2701503609a9SYuri Pankov 9:00 - KST 2015 Aug 15 00:00 270205e627dcSAndy Fiddaman 8:30 - KST 2018 May 4 23:30 27033508b934SYuri Pankov 9:00 - KST 2704503609a9SYuri Pankov 2705503609a9SYuri Pankov 2706503609a9SYuri Pankov# Lebanon 2707af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# 2708af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# From Saadallah Itani (2023-03-23): 2709e519aeb4SAndy Fiddaman# Lebanon ... announced today delay of Spring forward from March 25 to April 20. 2710e519aeb4SAndy Fiddaman# 2711e519aeb4SAndy Fiddaman# From Paul Eggert (2023-03-27): 2712e519aeb4SAndy Fiddaman# This announcement was by the Lebanese caretaker prime minister Najib Mikati. 2713af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# https://www.mtv.com.lb/en/News/Local/1352516/lebanon-postpones-daylight-saving-time-adoption 2714e519aeb4SAndy Fiddaman# A video was later leaked to the media of parliament speaker Nabih Berri 2715e519aeb4SAndy Fiddaman# asking Mikati to postpone DST to aid observance of Ramadan, Mikati objecting 2716e519aeb4SAndy Fiddaman# that this would cause problems such as scheduling airline flights, to which 2717e519aeb4SAndy Fiddaman# Berri interjected, "What flights?" 2718e519aeb4SAndy Fiddaman# 2719e519aeb4SAndy Fiddaman# The change was controversial and led to a partly-sectarian divide. 2720e519aeb4SAndy Fiddaman# Many Lebanese institutions, including the education ministry, the Maronite 2721e519aeb4SAndy Fiddaman# church, and two news channels LCBI and MTV, ignored the announcement and 2722e519aeb4SAndy Fiddaman# went ahead with the long-scheduled spring-forward on March 25/26, some 2723e519aeb4SAndy Fiddaman# arguing that the prime minister had not followed the law because the change 2724e519aeb4SAndy Fiddaman# had not been approved by the cabinet. Google went with the announcement; 2725e519aeb4SAndy Fiddaman# Apple ignored it. At least one bank followed the announcement for its doors, 2726e519aeb4SAndy Fiddaman# but ignored the announcement in internal computer systems. 2727e519aeb4SAndy Fiddaman# Beirut international airport listed two times for each departure. 2728e519aeb4SAndy Fiddaman# Dan Azzi wrote "My view is that this whole thing is a Dumb and Dumber movie." 2729e519aeb4SAndy Fiddaman# Eventually the prime minister backed down, said the cabinet had decided to 2730e519aeb4SAndy Fiddaman# stick with its 1998 decision, and that DST would begin midnight March 29/30. 2731e519aeb4SAndy Fiddaman# https://www.nna-leb.gov.lb/en/miscellaneous/604093/lebanon-has-two-times-of-day-amid-daylight-savings 2732e519aeb4SAndy Fiddaman# https://www.cnbc.com/2023/03/27/lebanon-in-two-different-time-zones-as-government-disagrees-on-daylight-savings.html 2733e519aeb4SAndy Fiddaman# 2734e519aeb4SAndy Fiddaman# Although we could model the chaos with two Zones, that would likely cause 2735e519aeb4SAndy Fiddaman# more trouble than it would cure. Since so many manual clocks and 2736e519aeb4SAndy Fiddaman# computer-based timestamps ignored the announcement, stick with official 2737e519aeb4SAndy Fiddaman# cabinet resolutions in the data while recording the prime minister's 2738e519aeb4SAndy Fiddaman# announcement as a comment. This is how we treated a similar situation in 2739e519aeb4SAndy Fiddaman# Rio de Janeiro in spring 1993. 2740af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# 2741f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2742503609a9SYuri PankovRule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 2743503609a9SYuri PankovRule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - 2744503609a9SYuri PankovRule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 2745503609a9SYuri PankovRule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 2746503609a9SYuri PankovRule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 2747503609a9SYuri PankovRule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 2748503609a9SYuri PankovRule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S 2749503609a9SYuri PankovRule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 2750503609a9SYuri PankovRule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2751503609a9SYuri PankovRule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2752503609a9SYuri PankovRule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S 2753503609a9SYuri PankovRule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2754503609a9SYuri PankovRule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2755503609a9SYuri PankovRule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 2756503609a9SYuri PankovRule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 2757503609a9SYuri PankovRule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2758503609a9SYuri PankovRule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 - 2759503609a9SYuri PankovRule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 2760503609a9SYuri PankovRule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 2761503609a9SYuri PankovRule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2762503609a9SYuri PankovRule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 2763e519aeb4SAndy FiddamanRule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 2764503609a9SYuri PankovRule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 2765503609a9SYuri PankovRule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 2766e519aeb4SAndy Fiddaman# This one-time rule, announced by the prime minister first for April 21 2767e519aeb4SAndy Fiddaman# then for March 30, is commented out for reasons described above. 2768e519aeb4SAndy Fiddaman#Rule Lebanon 2023 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S 2769e519aeb4SAndy Fiddaman 2770374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2771503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880 2772503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT 2773503609a9SYuri Pankov 2774f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Brunei 2775f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Malaysia (eastern) 2776f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# 2777f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 27783508b934SYuri PankovRule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 - 2779503609a9SYuri PankovRule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 - 2780503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2781427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# For peninsular Malaysia see Asia/Singapore. 2782427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# 2783503609a9SYuri Pankov# Sabah & Sarawak 2784503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12): 2785503609a9SYuri Pankov# The data entries here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 2786503609a9SYuri Pankov# and 1982 transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng. 2787374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2788503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar 2789dafc4501SDan McDonald 7:30 - +0730 1933 2790dafc4501SDan McDonald 8:00 NBorneo +08/+0820 1942 Feb 16 2791dafc4501SDan McDonald 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12 2792dafc4501SDan McDonald 8:00 - +08 2793503609a9SYuri Pankov 2794503609a9SYuri Pankov# Maldives 2795374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 27964b8ee424SYuri PankovZone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Malé 27974b8ee424SYuri Pankov 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Malé Mean Time 2798dafc4501SDan McDonald 5:00 - +05 2799503609a9SYuri Pankov 2800503609a9SYuri Pankov# Mongolia 2801503609a9SYuri Pankov 2802503609a9SYuri Pankov# Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but 2803503609a9SYuri Pankov# The USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World 2804503609a9SYuri Pankov# (2005-03) both say that it has just one. 2805503609a9SYuri Pankov 2806503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11): 2807503609a9SYuri Pankov# General Information Mongolia 2808503609a9SYuri Pankov# <http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm> (1999-09) 2809503609a9SYuri Pankov# "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of 2810503609a9SYuri Pankov# Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and 2811503609a9SYuri Pankov# the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus 2812503609a9SYuri Pankov# eight hours." 2813503609a9SYuri Pankov 2814503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Rives McDow (1999-12-13): 2815503609a9SYuri Pankov# Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998 2816503609a9SYuri Pankov# being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am 2817503609a9SYuri Pankov# unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time 2818503609a9SYuri Pankov# of implementation may have been different.... 2819503609a9SYuri Pankov# Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time 2820503609a9SYuri Pankov# zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod, 2821503609a9SYuri Pankov# Sükhbaatar, and possibly Khentii. 2822503609a9SYuri Pankov 2823503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15): 2824503609a9SYuri Pankov# Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia. 2825503609a9SYuri Pankov# We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone; 2826503609a9SYuri Pankov# the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us, 2827503609a9SYuri Pankov# and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd 2828503609a9SYuri Pankov# is good enough for our purposes. 2829503609a9SYuri Pankov 2830503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Rives McDow (2001-05-13): 2831503609a9SYuri Pankov# In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier 2832503609a9SYuri Pankov# (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28), 2833503609a9SYuri Pankov# there are three time zones. 2834503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2835503609a9SYuri Pankov# Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai 2836503609a9SYuri Pankov# Provinces [at 8:00]: Khövsgöl, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Töv, 2837503609a9SYuri Pankov# Bayankhongor, Övörkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Ömnögovi 2838503609a9SYuri Pankov# Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sükhbaatar 2839503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2840503609a9SYuri Pankov# [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.] 2841503609a9SYuri Pankov 2842503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17): 2843503609a9SYuri Pankov# Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March. 2844503609a9SYuri Pankov# It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of 2845503609a9SYuri Pankov# September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001. 2846503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2847503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17): 2848503609a9SYuri Pankov# For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs 2849503609a9SYuri Pankov# Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them. 2850503609a9SYuri Pankov 2851503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26): 2852503609a9SYuri Pankov# We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones. 2853503609a9SYuri Pankov# Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says 2854503609a9SYuri Pankov# there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft 2855503609a9SYuri Pankov# Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykänen (2005-05-16) reports that 2856503609a9SYuri Pankov# travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UT +07, +08) with no DST. 2857503609a9SYuri Pankov# Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in 2858503609a9SYuri Pankov# Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed. 2859503609a9SYuri Pankov# He also found 2860503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1& 2861503609a9SYuri Pankov# which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius" 2862503609a9SYuri Pankov# (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones. 2863503609a9SYuri Pankov# The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT 2864503609a9SYuri Pankov# and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sükhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT. 2865503609a9SYuri Pankov# The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the 2866503609a9SYuri Pankov# parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session." 2867503609a9SYuri Pankov# For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation. 2868503609a9SYuri Pankov 2869503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26): 2870503609a9SYuri Pankov# Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February. 2871503609a9SYuri Pankov# They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time.... 2872503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742 2873503609a9SYuri Pankov 2874503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30): 2875503609a9SYuri Pankov# We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for 2876503609a9SYuri Pankov# Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT 2877503609a9SYuri Pankov# +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz 2878503609a9SYuri Pankov# database on this, e.g.: 2879503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2880b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026 2881503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx 2882503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2883503609a9SYuri Pankov# both say GMT+08:00. 2884503609a9SYuri Pankov 2885503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31): 2886503609a9SYuri Pankov# eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight 2887503609a9SYuri Pankov# schedule here: 2888503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112 2889503609a9SYuri Pankov# (click the English flag for English) 2890503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2891503609a9SYuri Pankov# There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbaatar arrive 2892503609a9SYuri Pankov# about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the 2893503609a9SYuri Pankov# direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khovd takes 2 hours in the Eastern 2894503609a9SYuri Pankov# direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbaatar and Khovd are 2895503609a9SYuri Pankov# in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and 2896503609a9SYuri Pankov# Ulaanbaatar are in the same time zone (correction needed). 2897503609a9SYuri Pankov 2898503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): 2899503609a9SYuri Pankov# Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00. 2900503609a9SYuri Pankov# XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition 2901503609a9SYuri Pankov# was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report); 2902503609a9SYuri Pankov# this is almost surely wrong. 2903503609a9SYuri Pankov 2904503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Ganbold Tsagaankhuu (2015-03-10): 2905503609a9SYuri Pankov# It seems like yesterday Mongolian Government meeting has concluded to use 2906503609a9SYuri Pankov# daylight saving time in Mongolia.... Starting at 2:00AM of last Saturday of 2907503609a9SYuri Pankov# March 2015, daylight saving time starts. And 00:00AM of last Saturday of 2908503609a9SYuri Pankov# September daylight saving time ends. Source: 2909503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://zasag.mn/news/view/8969 2910503609a9SYuri Pankov 2911f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 29123508b934SYuri PankovRule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 - 2913503609a9SYuri PankovRule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2914503609a9SYuri Pankov# Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00, 2915503609a9SYuri Pankov# but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM 2916503609a9SYuri Pankov# (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998. 2917503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2918503609a9SYuri Pankov# Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches 2919503609a9SYuri Pankov# in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sükhbaatar) took place 2920503609a9SYuri Pankov# at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of 2921503609a9SYuri Pankov# the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their 2922503609a9SYuri Pankov# correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly 2923503609a9SYuri Pankov# in the latest edition; so ignore it for now. 2924503609a9SYuri Pankov 2925dafc4501SDan McDonald# From Ganbold Tsagaankhuu (2017-02-09): 2926dafc4501SDan McDonald# Mongolian Government meeting has concluded today to cancel daylight 2927dafc4501SDan McDonald# saving time adoption in Mongolia. Source: http://zasag.mn/news/view/16192 2928dafc4501SDan McDonald 29293508b934SYuri PankovRule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 - 2930503609a9SYuri PankovRule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 2931503609a9SYuri Pankov# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST. 29323508b934SYuri PankovRule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 - 2933503609a9SYuri PankovRule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 - 29343508b934SYuri PankovRule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 - 29353508b934SYuri PankovRule Mongol 2015 2016 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 - 2936dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Mongol 2015 2016 - Sep lastSat 0:00 0 - 2937503609a9SYuri Pankov 2938374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2939503609a9SYuri Pankov# Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta 2940503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug 2941dafc4501SDan McDonald 6:00 - +06 1978 2942dafc4501SDan McDonald 7:00 Mongol +07/+08 2943503609a9SYuri Pankov# Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga 2944503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug 2945dafc4501SDan McDonald 7:00 - +07 1978 2946dafc4501SDan McDonald 8:00 Mongol +08/+09 2947503609a9SYuri Pankov# Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tümen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan, 2948503609a9SYuri Pankov# Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan 2949503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug 2950dafc4501SDan McDonald 7:00 - +07 1978 2951dafc4501SDan McDonald 8:00 - +08 1983 Apr 2952dafc4501SDan McDonald 9:00 Mongol +09/+10 2008 Mar 31 2953dafc4501SDan McDonald 8:00 Mongol +08/+09 2954503609a9SYuri Pankov 2955503609a9SYuri Pankov# Nepal 2956374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2957503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920 2958dafc4501SDan McDonald 5:30 - +0530 1986 2959dafc4501SDan McDonald 5:45 - +0545 2960503609a9SYuri Pankov 2961503609a9SYuri Pankov# Pakistan 2962503609a9SYuri Pankov 2963503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Rives McDow (2002-03-13): 2964503609a9SYuri Pankov# I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a 2965503609a9SYuri Pankov# TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002 2966503609a9SYuri Pankov# and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was 2967503609a9SYuri Pankov# told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the 2968503609a9SYuri Pankov# 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on. 2969503609a9SYuri Pankov 2970503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15): 2971503609a9SYuri Pankov# Jesper Nørgaard found this URL: 2972503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm 2973503609a9SYuri Pankov# (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to 2974503609a9SYuri Pankov# advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first 2975503609a9SYuri Pankov# Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on 2976503609a9SYuri Pankov# 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00, 2977503609a9SYuri Pankov# but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like 2978503609a9SYuri Pankov# it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday 2979503609a9SYuri Pankov# and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the 2980503609a9SYuri Pankov# transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02. 2981503609a9SYuri Pankov 2982503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): 2983503609a9SYuri Pankov# DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05 2984503609a9SYuri Pankov# that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now. 2985503609a9SYuri Pankov 2986503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14): 2987503609a9SYuri Pankov# According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm 2988503609a9SYuri Pankov# there will be no DST in Pakistan this year: 2989503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2990503609a9SYuri Pankov# ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh 2991503609a9SYuri Pankov# Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous 2992503609a9SYuri Pankov# decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by 2993503609a9SYuri Pankov# one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy. 2994503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2995503609a9SYuri Pankov# The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather 2996503609a9SYuri Pankov# shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity. 2997503609a9SYuri Pankov 2998503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15): 2999503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3000503609a9SYuri Pankov# Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time 3001503609a9SYuri Pankov# on June 1, 2008 for 3 months. 3002503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3003503609a9SYuri Pankov# "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to 3004503609a9SYuri Pankov# help reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at 3005503609a9SYuri Pankov# 9pm and moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months. ...." 3006503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3007b654b02dSYuri Pankov# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html 3008af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008\05\15\story_15-5-2008_pg1_4 3009503609a9SYuri Pankov 3010503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): 3011503609a9SYuri Pankov# XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess. 3012503609a9SYuri Pankov 3013503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): 3014503609a9SYuri Pankov# Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced 3015503609a9SYuri Pankov# for another 2 months - plan to return to Standard Time on October 31 3016503609a9SYuri Pankov# instead of August 31. 3017503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3018503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html 3019503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html 3020503609a9SYuri Pankov 3021503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08): 3022503609a9SYuri Pankov# Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to 3023503609a9SYuri Pankov# advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance 3024503609a9SYuri Pankov# to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in 3025503609a9SYuri Pankov# official working." 3026503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280 3027503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3028503609a9SYuri Pankov# recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to 3029503609a9SYuri Pankov# introduce DST from April 15, 2009 3030503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3031503609a9SYuri Pankov# FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan 3032503609a9SYuri Pankov# April 08, 2009 3033503609a9SYuri Pankov# Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15 3034503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1 3035503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html 3036503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3037503609a9SYuri Pankov# .... 3038503609a9SYuri Pankov# The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to 3039503609a9SYuri Pankov# advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to 3040503609a9SYuri Pankov# conserve energy" 3041503609a9SYuri Pankov 3042503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17): 3043503609a9SYuri Pankov# "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal 3044503609a9SYuri Pankov# Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the 3045503609a9SYuri Pankov# clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to 3046503609a9SYuri Pankov# this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in 3047503609a9SYuri Pankov# this regard." 3048503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168 3049503609a9SYuri Pankov 3050503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28): 3051503609a9SYuri Pankov# According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that 3052503609a9SYuri Pankov# Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from 3053503609a9SYuri Pankov# October 1, 2009. 3054503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3055503609a9SYuri Pankov# "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct" 3056503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2 3057503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm 3058503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3059503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29): 3060503609a9SYuri Pankov# Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date: 3061503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742 3062503609a9SYuri Pankov# "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1. 3063503609a9SYuri Pankov# Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on 3064503609a9SYuri Pankov# Monday." 3065503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3066503609a9SYuri Pankov# And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year: 3067503609a9SYuri Pankov# "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour 3068503609a9SYuri Pankov# on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without 3069503609a9SYuri Pankov# obtaining prior approval, the officials added." 3070503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3071503609a9SYuri Pankov# We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of 3072503609a9SYuri Pankov# Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company: 3073b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html 3074503609a9SYuri Pankov 3075503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Christoph Göhre (2009-10-01): 3076503609a9SYuri Pankov# [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan 3077503609a9SYuri Pankov# will go back to standard time on 1st of November. 3078503609a9SYuri Pankov 3079503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-26): 3080503609a9SYuri Pankov# Steffen Thorsen wrote: 3081503609a9SYuri Pankov# > On Thursday (2010-03-25) it was announced that DST would start in 3082503609a9SYuri Pankov# > Pakistan on 2010-04-01. 3083503609a9SYuri Pankov# > 3084503609a9SYuri Pankov# > Then today, the president said that they might have to revert the 3085503609a9SYuri Pankov# > decision if it is not supported by the parliament. So at the time 3086503609a9SYuri Pankov# > being, it seems unclear if DST will be actually observed or not - but 3087503609a9SYuri Pankov# > April 1 could be a more likely date than April 15. 3088503609a9SYuri Pankov# Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final: 3089503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3090503609a9SYuri Pankov# "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks" 3091503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041 3092503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3093503609a9SYuri Pankov# "People laud PM's announcement to end DST" 3094503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2 3095503609a9SYuri Pankov 3096f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3097503609a9SYuri PankovRule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S 3098503609a9SYuri PankovRule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 3099503609a9SYuri PankovRule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 3100503609a9SYuri PankovRule Pakistan 2008 2009 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 3101503609a9SYuri PankovRule Pakistan 2009 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 3102503609a9SYuri Pankov 3103374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3104503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907 3105dafc4501SDan McDonald 5:30 - +0530 1942 Sep 3106dafc4501SDan McDonald 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 15 3107dafc4501SDan McDonald 5:30 - +0530 1951 Sep 30 3108dafc4501SDan McDonald 5:00 - +05 1971 Mar 26 3109503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time 3110503609a9SYuri Pankov 3111503609a9SYuri Pankov# Palestine 3112503609a9SYuri Pankov 3113503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15): 3114503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3115503609a9SYuri Pankov# From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now 3116503609a9SYuri Pankov# known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule. 3117503609a9SYuri Pankov# Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too... 3118503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3119503609a9SYuri Pankov# The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05 3120503609a9SYuri Pankov# (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no 3121503609a9SYuri Pankov# time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt, 3122503609a9SYuri Pankov# though. 3123503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3124503609a9SYuri Pankov# The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally 3125503609a9SYuri Pankov# annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from 3126503609a9SYuri Pankov# the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the 3127503609a9SYuri Pankov# Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major 3128503609a9SYuri Pankov# towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and 3129503609a9SYuri Pankov# East Jerusalem. 3130503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3131503609a9SYuri Pankov# Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except 3132503609a9SYuri Pankov# for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might 3133503609a9SYuri Pankov# have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware 3134503609a9SYuri Pankov# of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer 3135503609a9SYuri Pankov# time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected). 3136503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3137503609a9SYuri Pankov# The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most 3138503609a9SYuri Pankov# towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to 3139503609a9SYuri Pankov# demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to 3140503609a9SYuri Pankov# summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't 3141503609a9SYuri Pankov# know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the 3142503609a9SYuri Pankov# Jordanian one). 3143503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3144503609a9SYuri Pankov# To summarize, the table should probably look something like that: 3145503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3146503609a9SYuri Pankov# Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996- 3147503609a9SYuri Pankov# ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------- 3148503609a9SYuri Pankov# Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion 3149503609a9SYuri Pankov# West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan 3150503609a9SYuri Pankov# Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan 3151503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3152503609a9SYuri Pankov# I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they 3153503609a9SYuri Pankov# have one). 3154503609a9SYuri Pankov 3155503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 3156503609a9SYuri Pankov# Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go 3157503609a9SYuri Pankov# with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947, 3158503609a9SYuri Pankov# and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996. 3159503609a9SYuri Pankov# We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since 3160503609a9SYuri Pankov# the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about 3161503609a9SYuri Pankov# occurred before our cutoff date of 1970. 3162503609a9SYuri Pankov# However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries 3163503609a9SYuri Pankov# for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules 3164503609a9SYuri Pankov# to Palestine's rules. 3165503609a9SYuri Pankov 3166503609a9SYuri Pankov# From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time, 3167503609a9SYuri Pankov# forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg: 3168503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3169503609a9SYuri Pankov# Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time 3170503609a9SYuri Pankov# last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks 3171503609a9SYuri Pankov# one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule, 3172503609a9SYuri Pankov# the PA has decided to implement DST in April. 3173503609a9SYuri Pankov 3174503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20): 3175503609a9SYuri Pankov# Daoud Kuttab writes in Holiday havoc 3176503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html 3177503609a9SYuri Pankov# (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that 3178503609a9SYuri Pankov# the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15. 3179503609a9SYuri Pankov# I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source). 3180503609a9SYuri Pankov# For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00, 3181503609a9SYuri Pankov# and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October. 3182503609a9SYuri Pankov 3183503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 3184503609a9SYuri Pankov# Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 3185503609a9SYuri Pankov 3186503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 3187503609a9SYuri Pankov# A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of 3188503609a9SYuri Pankov# the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think 3189503609a9SYuri Pankov# there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks 3190503609a9SYuri Pankov# earlier - the same goes for Jordan. 3191503609a9SYuri Pankov 3192503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17): 3193503609a9SYuri Pankov# I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the 3194503609a9SYuri Pankov# same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I 3195503609a9SYuri Pankov# was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not 3196503609a9SYuri Pankov# able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if 3197503609a9SYuri Pankov# Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as 3198503609a9SYuri Pankov# the West Bank. 3199503609a9SYuri Pankov 3200503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26): 3201503609a9SYuri Pankov# according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19): 3202503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5 3203503609a9SYuri Pankov# > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule 3204503609a9SYuri Pankov# > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn 3205503609a9SYuri Pankov# > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week. 3206503609a9SYuri Pankov# I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well, 3207503609a9SYuri Pankov# because of the Ramadan. 3208503609a9SYuri Pankov 3209503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-09-18): 3210503609a9SYuri Pankov# According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the 3211503609a9SYuri Pankov# Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00. 3212503609a9SYuri Pankov 3213503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20): 3214503609a9SYuri Pankov# My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when 3215503609a9SYuri Pankov# the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit 3216503609a9SYuri Pankov# surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree. 3217503609a9SYuri Pankov# For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be 3218503609a9SYuri Pankov# the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00. 3219503609a9SYuri Pankov 3220503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): 3221503609a9SYuri Pankov# Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan. 3222503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3223503609a9SYuri Pankov# Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while 3224503609a9SYuri Pankov# the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008). 3225503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3226503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001 3227503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087 3228503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html 3229503609a9SYuri Pankov 3230503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26): 3231503609a9SYuri Pankov# According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian 3232503609a9SYuri Pankov# government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March 3233503609a9SYuri Pankov# 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009. 3234503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3235503609a9SYuri Pankov# (in Arabic) 3236503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850 3237503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3238503609a9SYuri Pankov# (English translation) 3239503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html 3240503609a9SYuri Pankov 3241503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31): 3242503609a9SYuri Pankov# Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to 3243503609a9SYuri Pankov# winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04. 3244503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3245503609a9SYuri Pankov# One news source: 3246503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158 3247503609a9SYuri Pankov# (Palestinian press agency, Arabic), 3248503609a9SYuri Pankov# Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah 3249503609a9SYuri Pankov# headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of 3250503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty 3251503609a9SYuri Pankov# minutes per hour as of Friday morning." 3252503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3253503609a9SYuri Pankov# We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different 3254503609a9SYuri Pankov# end date, we will keep this page updated: 3255b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html 3256503609a9SYuri Pankov 3257503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02): 3258503609a9SYuri Pankov# Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank. 3259503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3260503609a9SYuri Pankov# According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan 3261503609a9SYuri Pankov# to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009. 3262503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3263503609a9SYuri Pankov# "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza" 3264503609a9SYuri Pankov# (from Palestinian National Authority): 3265503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505 3266503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html 3267503609a9SYuri Pankov 3268503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19): 3269503609a9SYuri Pankov# According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March 3270503609a9SYuri Pankov# 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri 3271503609a9SYuri Pankov# (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?) 3272503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3273503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697 3274503609a9SYuri Pankov# (in Arabic) 3275503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html 3276503609a9SYuri Pankov 3277503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24): 3278503609a9SYuri Pankov# ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will 3279503609a9SYuri Pankov# start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or 3280503609a9SYuri Pankov# noon though: 3281503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3282503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178 3283503609a9SYuri Pankov# (Ma'an News Agency) 3284503609a9SYuri Pankov# "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to 3285503609a9SYuri Pankov# 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning." 3286503609a9SYuri Pankov 3287503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-08-11): 3288503609a9SYuri Pankov# According to several sources, including 3289503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795 3290503609a9SYuri Pankov# the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in 3291503609a9SYuri Pankov# Gaza and the West Bank. 3292503609a9SYuri Pankov# Some more background info: 3293b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html 3294503609a9SYuri Pankov 3295503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-08-26): 3296503609a9SYuri Pankov# Gaza and the West Bank did go back to standard time in the beginning of 3297503609a9SYuri Pankov# August, and will now enter daylight saving time again on 2011-08-30 3298503609a9SYuri Pankov# 00:00 (so two periods of DST in 2011). The pause was because of 3299503609a9SYuri Pankov# Ramadan. 3300503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3301503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217 3302503609a9SYuri Pankov# Additional info: 3303b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html 3304503609a9SYuri Pankov 3305503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-08-27): 3306503609a9SYuri Pankov# According to the article in The Jerusalem Post: 3307503609a9SYuri Pankov# "...Earlier this month, the Palestinian government in the West Bank decided to 3308503609a9SYuri Pankov# move to standard time for 30 days, during Ramadan. The Palestinians in the 3309503609a9SYuri Pankov# Gaza Strip accepted the change and also moved their clocks one hour back. 3310503609a9SYuri Pankov# The Hamas government said on Saturday that it won't observe summertime after 3311503609a9SYuri Pankov# the Muslim feast of Id al-Fitr, which begins on Tuesday..." 3312503609a9SYuri Pankov# ... 3313b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650 3314503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html 3315503609a9SYuri Pankov# The rules for Egypt are stolen from the 'africa' file. 3316503609a9SYuri Pankov 3317503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-09-30): 3318503609a9SYuri Pankov# West Bank did end Daylight Saving Time this morning/midnight (2011-09-30 3319503609a9SYuri Pankov# 00:00). 3320503609a9SYuri Pankov# So West Bank and Gaza now have the same time again. 3321503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3322503609a9SYuri Pankov# Many sources, including: 3323503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808 3324503609a9SYuri Pankov 3325503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26): 3326503609a9SYuri Pankov# Palestinian news sources tell that both Gaza and West Bank will start DST 3327503609a9SYuri Pankov# on Friday (Thursday midnight, 2012-03-29 24:00). 3328503609a9SYuri Pankov# Some of many sources in Arabic: 3329503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638 3330503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3331af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/بدء-التوقيت-الصيفي-بالضفة-وغزة-ليلة-الجمعة.html 3332503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3333503609a9SYuri Pankov# Our brief summary: 3334b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html 3335503609a9SYuri Pankov 3336503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-26): 3337503609a9SYuri Pankov# The following news sources tells that Palestine will "start daylight saving 3338503609a9SYuri Pankov# time from midnight on Friday, March 29, 2013" (translated). 3339503609a9SYuri Pankov# [These are in Arabic and are for Gaza and for Ramallah, respectively.] 3340503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=154120 3341af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# http://safa.ps/details/news/99844/رام-الله-بدء-التوقيت-الصيفي-29-الجاري.html 3342503609a9SYuri Pankov 3343503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-24): 3344503609a9SYuri Pankov# The Gaza and West Bank are ending DST Thursday at midnight 3345503609a9SYuri Pankov# (2013-09-27 00:00:00) (one hour earlier than last year...). 3346503609a9SYuri Pankov# This source in English, says "that winter time will go into effect 3347503609a9SYuri Pankov# at midnight on Thursday in the West Bank and Gaza Strip": 3348503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://english.wafa.ps/index.php?action=detail&id=23246 3349503609a9SYuri Pankov# official source...: 3350503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/ar/Views/ViewDetails.aspx?pid=1252 3351503609a9SYuri Pankov 3352503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-03-03): 3353503609a9SYuri Pankov# Sources such as http://www.alquds.com/news/article/view/id/548257 3354b654b02dSYuri Pankov# and https://www.raya.ps/ar/news/890705.html say Palestine areas will 3355503609a9SYuri Pankov# start DST on 2015-03-28 00:00 which is one day later than expected. 3356503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3357503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2015-03-03): 3358b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/ramallah?year=2014 3359503609a9SYuri Pankov# says that the fall 2014 transition was Oct 23 at 24:00. 3360503609a9SYuri Pankov 3361503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Hannah Kreitem (2016-03-09): 3362503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/ar/ViewDetails?ID=31728 3363503609a9SYuri Pankov# [Google translation]: "The Council also decided to start daylight 3364503609a9SYuri Pankov# saving in Palestine as of one o'clock on Saturday morning, 3365503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2016-03-26, to provide the clock 60 minutes ahead." 3366503609a9SYuri Pankov 3367503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Sharef Mustafa (2016-10-19): 3368503609a9SYuri Pankov# [T]he Palestinian cabinet decision (Mar 8th 2016) published on 3369503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/Upload/Decree/GOV_17/16032016134830.pdf 3370503609a9SYuri Pankov# states that summer time will end on Oct 29th at 01:00. 3371503609a9SYuri Pankov 33723508b934SYuri Pankov# From Sharef Mustafa (2018-03-16): 33735254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# Palestine summer time will start on Mar 24th 2018 ... 33743508b934SYuri Pankov# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/Website/AR/NDecrees/ViewFile.ashx?ID=e7a42ab7-ee23-435a-b9c8-a4f7e81f3817 3375251a62bcSDominik Hassler 3376251a62bcSDominik Hassler# From Even Scharning (2019-03-23): 3377374df668SAndy Fiddaman# http://pnn.ps/news/401130 3378374df668SAndy Fiddaman# http://palweather.ps/ar/node/50136.html 33793508b934SYuri Pankov# 3380374df668SAndy Fiddaman# From Sharif Mustafa (2019-03-26): 3381374df668SAndy Fiddaman# The Palestinian cabinet announced today that the switch to DST will 3382374df668SAndy Fiddaman# be on Fri Mar 29th 2019 by advancing the clock by 60 minutes. 3383374df668SAndy Fiddaman# http://palestinecabinet.gov.ps/Website/AR/NDecrees/ViewFile.ashx?ID=e54e9ea1-50ee-4137-84df-0d6c78da259b 3384374df668SAndy Fiddaman# 3385374df668SAndy Fiddaman# From Even Scharning (2019-04-10): 3386374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Our source in Palestine said it happened Friday 29 at 00:00 local time.... 33875254d4faSAndy Fiddaman 33885254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# From Sharef Mustafa (2019-10-18): 33895254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# Palestine summer time will end on midnight Oct 26th 2019 ... 3390f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# 3391f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# From Steffen Thorsen (2020-10-20): 3392f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Some sources such as these say, and display on clocks, that DST ended at 3393f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# midnight last year... 3394f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://www.amad.ps/ar/post/320006 3395f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# 3396f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# From Tim Parenti (2020-10-20): 3397f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# The report of the Palestinian Cabinet meeting of 2019-10-14 confirms 3398f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# a decision on (translated): "The start of the winter time in Palestine, by 3399f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# delaying the clock by sixty minutes, starting from midnight on Friday / 3400f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Saturday corresponding to 26/10/2019." 3401f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/portal/meeting/details/43948 3402f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi 3403f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# From Sharef Mustafa (2020-10-20): 3404f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# As per the palestinian cabinet announcement yesterday , the day light saving 3405f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# shall [end] on Oct 24th 2020 at 01:00AM by delaying the clock by 60 minutes. 3406f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/portal/Meeting/Details/51584 3407f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi 3408f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# From Pierre Cashon (2020-10-20): 3409f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# The summer time this year started on March 28 at 00:00. 3410f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://wafa.ps/ar_page.aspx?id=GveQNZa872839351758aGveQNZ 3411f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/portal/meeting/details/50284 3412f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# The winter time in 2015 started on October 23 at 01:00. 3413f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://wafa.ps/ar_page.aspx?id=CgpCdYa670694628582aCgpCdY 3414f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/portal/meeting/details/27583 34153508b934SYuri Pankov 341606965442SAndy Fiddaman# From P Chan (2021-10-18): 341706965442SAndy Fiddaman# http://wafa.ps/Pages/Details/34701 341806965442SAndy Fiddaman# Palestine winter time will start from midnight 2021-10-29 (Thursday-Friday). 341906965442SAndy Fiddaman# 342006965442SAndy Fiddaman# From Heba Hemad, Palestine Ministry of Telecom & IT (2021-10-20): 342106965442SAndy Fiddaman# ... winter time will begin in Palestine from Friday 10-29, 01:00 AM 342206965442SAndy Fiddaman# by 60 minutes backwards. 342306965442SAndy Fiddaman# 34242de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# From Tim Parenti (2021-10-25), per Paul Eggert (2021-10-24): 34252de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# Guess future fall transitions at 01:00 on the Friday preceding October's 34262de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# last Sunday (i.e., Fri>=23), as this is more consistent with recent practice. 34272de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman 34282de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# From Heba Hamad (2022-03-10): 34292de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# summer time will begin in Palestine from Sunday 03-27-2022, 00:00 AM. 343006965442SAndy Fiddaman 3431fff4a956SAndy Fiddaman# From Heba Hamad (2022-08-30): 3432fff4a956SAndy Fiddaman# winter time will begin in Palestine from Saturday 10-29, 02:00 AM by 3433fff4a956SAndy Fiddaman# 60 minutes backwards. Also the state of Palestine adopted the summer 3434fff4a956SAndy Fiddaman# and winter time for the years: 2023,2024,2025,2026 ... 3435fff4a956SAndy Fiddaman# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/attachments/20220830/9f024566/Time-0001.pdf 3436fff4a956SAndy Fiddaman# (2022-08-31): ... the Saturday before the last Sunday in March and October 3437fff4a956SAndy Fiddaman# at 2:00 AM ,for the years from 2023 to 2026. 3438fff4a956SAndy Fiddaman# (2022-09-05): https://mtit.pna.ps/Site/New/1453 3439af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman 3440af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# From Heba Hamad (2023-03-22): 3441af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# ... summer time will begin in Palestine from Saturday 04-29-2023, 3442af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# 02:00 AM by 60 minutes forward. 3443b4eb54e1SRobert Mustacchi# From Heba Hemad (2023-10-09): 3444b4eb54e1SRobert Mustacchi# ... winter time will begin in Palestine from Saturday 10-28-2023, 3445b4eb54e1SRobert Mustacchi# 02:00 AM by 60 minutes back. 3446fff4a956SAndy Fiddaman# 3447*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# From Heba Hamad (2024-01-25): 3448*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# the summer time for the years 2024,2025 will begin in Palestine 3449*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# from Saturday at 02:00 AM by 60 minutes forward as shown below: 3450*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# year date 3451*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# 2024 2024-04-20 3452*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# 2025 2025-04-12 3453*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# 3454*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# From Paul Eggert (2024-01-25): 3455af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# For now, guess that spring and fall transitions will normally 3456af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# continue to use 2022's rules, that during DST Palestine will switch 3457af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# to standard time at 02:00 the last Saturday before Ramadan and back 3458*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# to DST at 02:00 the second Saturday after Ramadan, and that 3459af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# if the normal spring-forward or fall-back transition occurs during 3460af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# Ramadan the former is delayed and the latter advanced. 3461af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# To implement this, I predicted Ramadan-oriented transition dates for 3462*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# 2026 through 2086 by running the following program under GNU Emacs 29.2, 3463af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# with the results integrated by hand into the table below. 3464af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# Predictions after 2086 are approximated without Ramadan. 3465af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# 3466*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# (let ((islamic-year 1447)) 3467af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# (require 'cal-islam) 3468af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# (while (< islamic-year 1510) 3469af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))) 3470af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# (b (+ 1 (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))) 3471af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# (saturday 6)) 3472af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# (while (/= saturday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7))) 3473af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# (while (/= saturday (mod b 7)) 3474af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# (setq b (1+ b))) 3475*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# (setq b (+ 7 b)) 3476af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a)) 3477af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b)) 3478af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# (insert 3479af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# (format 3480af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# (concat "Rule Palestine\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t2:00\t0\t-\n" 3481af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# "Rule Palestine\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t2:00\t1:00\tS\n") 3482af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a)) 3483af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b))))) 3484af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year)))) 3485fff4a956SAndy Fiddaman 3486f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3487503609a9SYuri PankovRule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 3488503609a9SYuri PankovRule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3489503609a9SYuri PankovRule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 3490503609a9SYuri PankovRule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 3491503609a9SYuri PankovRule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 3492503609a9SYuri PankovRule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 3493503609a9SYuri Pankov 3494503609a9SYuri PankovRule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S 3495503609a9SYuri PankovRule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 3496503609a9SYuri PankovRule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 3497503609a9SYuri PankovRule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 3498503609a9SYuri PankovRule Palestine 2006 2007 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 3499503609a9SYuri PankovRule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 3500f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Palestine 2007 only - Sep 13 2:00 0 - 3501503609a9SYuri PankovRule Palestine 2008 2009 - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 3502503609a9SYuri PankovRule Palestine 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 3503f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Palestine 2009 only - Sep 4 1:00 0 - 3504503609a9SYuri PankovRule Palestine 2010 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 3505503609a9SYuri PankovRule Palestine 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 - 3506503609a9SYuri PankovRule Palestine 2011 only - Apr 1 0:01 1:00 S 3507503609a9SYuri PankovRule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 3508503609a9SYuri PankovRule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 30 0:00 1:00 S 3509503609a9SYuri PankovRule Palestine 2011 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 3510503609a9SYuri PankovRule Palestine 2012 2014 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 3511503609a9SYuri PankovRule Palestine 2012 only - Sep 21 1:00 0 - 3512f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Palestine 2013 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 3513f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Palestine 2014 only - Oct 24 0:00 0 - 3514f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Palestine 2015 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 3515f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Palestine 2015 only - Oct 23 1:00 0 - 3516fff4a956SAndy FiddamanRule Palestine 2016 2018 - Mar Sat<=30 1:00 1:00 S 3517fff4a956SAndy FiddamanRule Palestine 2016 2018 - Oct Sat<=30 1:00 0 - 3518f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Palestine 2019 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 S 3519fff4a956SAndy FiddamanRule Palestine 2019 only - Oct Sat<=30 0:00 0 - 3520fff4a956SAndy FiddamanRule Palestine 2020 2021 - Mar Sat<=30 0:00 1:00 S 352106965442SAndy FiddamanRule Palestine 2020 only - Oct 24 1:00 0 - 3522fff4a956SAndy FiddamanRule Palestine 2021 only - Oct 29 1:00 0 - 3523fff4a956SAndy FiddamanRule Palestine 2022 only - Mar 27 0:00 1:00 S 3524af2e290bSAndy FiddamanRule Palestine 2022 2035 - Oct Sat<=30 2:00 0 - 3525af2e290bSAndy FiddamanRule Palestine 2023 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S 3526*e15592c8SRobert MustacchiRule Palestine 2024 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 S 3527*e15592c8SRobert MustacchiRule Palestine 2025 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 S 3528af2e290bSAndy FiddamanRule Palestine 2026 2054 - Mar Sat<=30 2:00 1:00 S 3529af2e290bSAndy FiddamanRule Palestine 2036 only - Oct 18 2:00 0 - 3530af2e290bSAndy FiddamanRule Palestine 2037 only - Oct 10 2:00 0 - 3531af2e290bSAndy FiddamanRule Palestine 2038 only - Sep 25 2:00 0 - 3532af2e290bSAndy FiddamanRule Palestine 2039 only - Sep 17 2:00 0 - 3533af2e290bSAndy FiddamanRule Palestine 2040 only - Sep 1 2:00 0 - 3534*e15592c8SRobert MustacchiRule Palestine 2040 only - Oct 20 2:00 1:00 S 3535*e15592c8SRobert MustacchiRule Palestine 2040 2067 - Oct Sat<=30 2:00 0 - 3536af2e290bSAndy FiddamanRule Palestine 2041 only - Aug 24 2:00 0 - 3537*e15592c8SRobert MustacchiRule Palestine 2041 only - Oct 5 2:00 1:00 S 3538af2e290bSAndy FiddamanRule Palestine 2042 only - Aug 16 2:00 0 - 3539*e15592c8SRobert MustacchiRule Palestine 2042 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 S 3540af2e290bSAndy FiddamanRule Palestine 2043 only - Aug 1 2:00 0 - 3541*e15592c8SRobert MustacchiRule Palestine 2043 only - Sep 19 2:00 1:00 S 3542af2e290bSAndy FiddamanRule Palestine 2044 only - Jul 23 2:00 0 - 3543*e15592c8SRobert MustacchiRule Palestine 2044 only - Sep 3 2:00 1:00 S 3544af2e290bSAndy FiddamanRule Palestine 2045 only - Jul 15 2:00 0 - 3545*e15592c8SRobert MustacchiRule Palestine 2045 only - Aug 26 2:00 1:00 S 3546af2e290bSAndy FiddamanRule Palestine 2046 only - Jun 30 2:00 0 - 3547*e15592c8SRobert MustacchiRule Palestine 2046 only - Aug 18 2:00 1:00 S 3548af2e290bSAndy FiddamanRule Palestine 2047 only - Jun 22 2:00 0 - 3549*e15592c8SRobert MustacchiRule Palestine 2047 only - Aug 3 2:00 1:00 S 3550af2e290bSAndy FiddamanRule Palestine 2048 only - Jun 6 2:00 0 - 3551*e15592c8SRobert MustacchiRule Palestine 2048 only - Jul 25 2:00 1:00 S 3552af2e290bSAndy FiddamanRule Palestine 2049 only - May 29 2:00 0 - 3553*e15592c8SRobert MustacchiRule Palestine 2049 only - Jul 10 2:00 1:00 S 3554af2e290bSAndy FiddamanRule Palestine 2050 only - May 21 2:00 0 - 3555*e15592c8SRobert MustacchiRule Palestine 2050 only - Jul 2 2:00 1:00 S 3556af2e290bSAndy FiddamanRule Palestine 2051 only - May 6 2:00 0 - 3557*e15592c8SRobert MustacchiRule Palestine 2051 only - Jun 24 2:00 1:00 S 3558af2e290bSAndy FiddamanRule Palestine 2052 only - Apr 27 2:00 0 - 3559*e15592c8SRobert MustacchiRule Palestine 2052 only - Jun 8 2:00 1:00 S 3560af2e290bSAndy FiddamanRule Palestine 2053 only - Apr 12 2:00 0 - 3561*e15592c8SRobert MustacchiRule Palestine 2053 only - May 31 2:00 1:00 S 3562af2e290bSAndy FiddamanRule Palestine 2054 only - Apr 4 2:00 0 - 3563*e15592c8SRobert MustacchiRule Palestine 2054 only - May 23 2:00 1:00 S 3564*e15592c8SRobert MustacchiRule Palestine 2055 only - May 8 2:00 1:00 S 3565*e15592c8SRobert MustacchiRule Palestine 2056 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S 3566*e15592c8SRobert MustacchiRule Palestine 2057 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 S 3567*e15592c8SRobert MustacchiRule Palestine 2058 only - Apr 6 2:00 1:00 S 3568*e15592c8SRobert MustacchiRule Palestine 2059 max - Mar Sat<=30 2:00 1:00 S 3569af2e290bSAndy FiddamanRule Palestine 2068 only - Oct 20 2:00 0 - 3570af2e290bSAndy FiddamanRule Palestine 2069 only - Oct 12 2:00 0 - 3571af2e290bSAndy FiddamanRule Palestine 2070 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 3572af2e290bSAndy FiddamanRule Palestine 2071 only - Sep 19 2:00 0 - 3573af2e290bSAndy FiddamanRule Palestine 2072 only - Sep 10 2:00 0 - 3574*e15592c8SRobert MustacchiRule Palestine 2072 only - Oct 22 2:00 1:00 S 3575b4eb54e1SRobert MustacchiRule Palestine 2072 max - Oct Sat<=30 2:00 0 - 3576af2e290bSAndy FiddamanRule Palestine 2073 only - Sep 2 2:00 0 - 3577*e15592c8SRobert MustacchiRule Palestine 2073 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S 3578af2e290bSAndy FiddamanRule Palestine 2074 only - Aug 18 2:00 0 - 3579*e15592c8SRobert MustacchiRule Palestine 2074 only - Oct 6 2:00 1:00 S 3580af2e290bSAndy FiddamanRule Palestine 2075 only - Aug 10 2:00 0 - 3581*e15592c8SRobert MustacchiRule Palestine 2075 only - Sep 21 2:00 1:00 S 3582af2e290bSAndy FiddamanRule Palestine 2076 only - Jul 25 2:00 0 - 3583*e15592c8SRobert MustacchiRule Palestine 2076 only - Sep 12 2:00 1:00 S 3584af2e290bSAndy FiddamanRule Palestine 2077 only - Jul 17 2:00 0 - 3585*e15592c8SRobert MustacchiRule Palestine 2077 only - Sep 4 2:00 1:00 S 3586af2e290bSAndy FiddamanRule Palestine 2078 only - Jul 9 2:00 0 - 3587*e15592c8SRobert MustacchiRule Palestine 2078 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 S 3588af2e290bSAndy FiddamanRule Palestine 2079 only - Jun 24 2:00 0 - 3589*e15592c8SRobert MustacchiRule Palestine 2079 only - Aug 12 2:00 1:00 S 3590af2e290bSAndy FiddamanRule Palestine 2080 only - Jun 15 2:00 0 - 3591*e15592c8SRobert MustacchiRule Palestine 2080 only - Jul 27 2:00 1:00 S 3592af2e290bSAndy FiddamanRule Palestine 2081 only - Jun 7 2:00 0 - 3593*e15592c8SRobert MustacchiRule Palestine 2081 only - Jul 19 2:00 1:00 S 3594af2e290bSAndy FiddamanRule Palestine 2082 only - May 23 2:00 0 - 3595*e15592c8SRobert MustacchiRule Palestine 2082 only - Jul 11 2:00 1:00 S 3596af2e290bSAndy FiddamanRule Palestine 2083 only - May 15 2:00 0 - 3597*e15592c8SRobert MustacchiRule Palestine 2083 only - Jun 26 2:00 1:00 S 3598af2e290bSAndy FiddamanRule Palestine 2084 only - Apr 29 2:00 0 - 3599*e15592c8SRobert MustacchiRule Palestine 2084 only - Jun 17 2:00 1:00 S 3600af2e290bSAndy FiddamanRule Palestine 2085 only - Apr 21 2:00 0 - 3601*e15592c8SRobert MustacchiRule Palestine 2085 only - Jun 9 2:00 1:00 S 3602af2e290bSAndy FiddamanRule Palestine 2086 only - Apr 13 2:00 0 - 3603*e15592c8SRobert MustacchiRule Palestine 2086 only - May 25 2:00 1:00 S 3604503609a9SYuri Pankov 3605374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3606503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct 3607dafc4501SDan McDonald 2:00 Zion EET/EEST 1948 May 15 3608503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 3609503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 3610503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999 3611503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2008 Aug 29 0:00 3612503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 - EET 2008 Sep 3613503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2010 3614503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 - EET 2010 Mar 27 0:01 3615503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Aug 1 3616503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 - EET 2012 3617503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 3618503609a9SYuri Pankov 3619503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Hebron 2:20:23 - LMT 1900 Oct 3620dafc4501SDan McDonald 2:00 Zion EET/EEST 1948 May 15 3621503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 3622503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 3623503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999 3624503609a9SYuri Pankov 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 3625503609a9SYuri Pankov 3626503609a9SYuri Pankov# Paracel Is 3627503609a9SYuri Pankov# no information 3628503609a9SYuri Pankov 3629503609a9SYuri Pankov# Philippines 3630251a62bcSDominik Hassler 3631*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# From Paul Eggert (2024-01-21): 3632251a62bcSDominik Hassler# The Spanish initially used American (west-of-Greenwich) time. 3633251a62bcSDominik Hassler# It is unknown what time Manila kept when the British occupied it from 3634251a62bcSDominik Hassler# 1762-10-06 through 1764-04; for now assume it kept American time. 3635503609a9SYuri Pankov# On 1844-08-16, Narciso Clavería, governor-general of the 3636503609a9SYuri Pankov# Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to 3637503609a9SYuri Pankov# be immediately followed by 1845-01-01; see R.H. van Gent's 3638503609a9SYuri Pankov# History of the International Date Line 3639*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# https://webspace.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl_philippines.htm 3640503609a9SYuri Pankov# The rest of the data entries are from Shanks & Pottenger. 3641503609a9SYuri Pankov 3642503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-26): 3643503609a9SYuri Pankov# ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990: 3644503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/ 3645503609a9SYuri Pankov# [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires, 3646503609a9SYuri Pankov# but no details] 3647503609a9SYuri Pankov 3648503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-14): 3649503609a9SYuri Pankov# The following source says DST may be instituted November-January and again 3650503609a9SYuri Pankov# March-June, but this is not definite. It also says DST was last proclaimed 3651503609a9SYuri Pankov# during the Ramos administration (1992-1998); but again, no details. 3652503609a9SYuri Pankov# Carcamo D. PNoy urged to declare use of daylight saving time. 3653503609a9SYuri Pankov# Philippine Star 2014-08-05 3654503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2014/08/05/1354152/pnoy-urged-declare-use-daylight-saving-time 3655503609a9SYuri Pankov 365605e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# From Paul Goyette (2018-06-15): 365705e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# In the Philippines, there is a national law, Republic Act No. 10535 365805e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# which declares the official time here as "Philippine Standard Time". 365905e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# The act [1] even specifies use of PST as the abbreviation, although 366005e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# the FAQ provided by PAGASA [2] uses the "acronym PhST to distinguish 366105e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# it from the Pacific Standard Time (PST)." 366205e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# [1] http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2013/05/15/republic-act-no-10535/ 366305e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# [2] https://www1.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/index.php/astronomy/philippine-standard-time#republic-act-10535 366405e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# 366505e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# From Paul Eggert (2018-06-19): 366605e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# I surveyed recent news reports, and my impression is that "PST" is 366705e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# more popular among reliable English-language news sources. This is 366805e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# not just a measure of Google hit counts: it's also the sizes and 366905e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# influence of the sources. There is no current abbreviation for DST, 367005e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# so use "PDT", the usual American style. 367105e627dcSAndy Fiddaman 367206965442SAndy Fiddaman# From P Chan (2021-05-10): 367306965442SAndy Fiddaman# Here's a fairly comprehensive article in Japanese: 367406965442SAndy Fiddaman# https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/Philippine%20Time 367506965442SAndy Fiddaman# From Paul Eggert (2021-05-10): 367606965442SAndy Fiddaman# The info in the Japanese table has not been absorbed (yet) below. 367706965442SAndy Fiddaman 3678f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 367905e627dcSAndy FiddamanRule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 D 368005e627dcSAndy FiddamanRule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 S 368105e627dcSAndy FiddamanRule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 D 368205e627dcSAndy FiddamanRule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 S 368305e627dcSAndy FiddamanRule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 368405e627dcSAndy FiddamanRule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 3685374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3686503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 3687503609a9SYuri Pankov 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11 368805e627dcSAndy Fiddaman 8:00 Phil P%sT 1942 May 368905e627dcSAndy Fiddaman 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov 369005e627dcSAndy Fiddaman 8:00 Phil P%sT 3691503609a9SYuri Pankov 3692f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Bahrain 3693503609a9SYuri Pankov# Qatar 3694374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3695503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha 3696dafc4501SDan McDonald 4:00 - +04 1972 Jun 3697dafc4501SDan McDonald 3:00 - +03 3698503609a9SYuri Pankov 3699f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Kuwait 3700503609a9SYuri Pankov# Saudi Arabia 3701f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Yemen 3702f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# 3703f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Japan's year-round bases in Antarctica match this since 1970. 3704503609a9SYuri Pankov# 370505e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# From Paul Eggert (2018-08-29): 3706503609a9SYuri Pankov# Time in Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arabian peninsula was not 370705e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# standardized until 1968 or so; we don't know exactly when, and possibly it 3708503609a9SYuri Pankov# has never been made official. Richard P Hunt, in "Islam city yielding to 3709503609a9SYuri Pankov# modern times", New York Times (1961-04-09), p 20, wrote that only airlines 3710503609a9SYuri Pankov# observed standard time, and that people in Jeddah mostly observed quasi-solar 3711503609a9SYuri Pankov# time, doing so by setting their watches at sunrise to 6 o'clock (or to 12 3712503609a9SYuri Pankov# o'clock for "Arab" time). 3713503609a9SYuri Pankov# 371405e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# Timekeeping differed depending on who you were and which part of Saudi 371505e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# Arabia you were in. In 1969, Elias Antar wrote that although a common 371605e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# practice had been to set one's watch to 12:00 (i.e., midnight) at sunset - 371705e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# which meant that the time on one side of a mountain could differ greatly from 371805e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# the time on the other side - many foreigners set their watches to 6pm 371905e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# instead, while airlines instead used UTC +03 (except in Dhahran, where they 372005e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# used UTC +04), Aramco used UTC +03 with DST, and the Trans-Arabian Pipe Line 372105e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# Company used Aramco time in eastern Saudi Arabia and airline time in western. 372205e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# (The American Military Aid Advisory Group used plain UTC.) Antar writes, 372305e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# "A man named Higgins, so the story goes, used to run a local power 372405e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# station. One day, the whole thing became too much for Higgins and he 372505e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# assembled his staff and laid down the law. 'I've had enough of this,' he 372605e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# shrieked. 'It is now 12 o'clock Higgins Time, and from now on this station is 372705e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# going to run on Higgins Time.' And so, until last year, it did." See: 372805e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# Antar E. Dinner at When? Saudi Aramco World, 1969 March/April. 2-3. 372905e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# http://archive.aramcoworld.com/issue/196902/dinner.at.when.htm 3730251a62bcSDominik Hassler# Also see: Antar EN. Arabian flying is confusing. 3731251a62bcSDominik Hassler# Port Angeles (WA) Evening News. 1965-03-10. page 3. 373205e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# 3733503609a9SYuri Pankov# The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best 3734503609a9SYuri Pankov# we can do. The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics 3735503609a9SYuri Pankov# Board (OCLC 42299995) reported that the "... Arabian Government, inaugurated 3736503609a9SYuri Pankov# a weekly Dhahran-Cairo service, via the Saudi Arabian cities of Riyadh and 3737503609a9SYuri Pankov# Jidda, on March 14, 1947". Shanks & Pottenger guessed 1950; go with the 3738503609a9SYuri Pankov# earlier date. 3739503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3740503609a9SYuri Pankov# Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two 3741503609a9SYuri Pankov# time zones; the other zone, at UT +04, was in the far eastern part of 374205e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# the country. Presumably this is documenting airline time. Ignore this, 374305e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# as it's before our 1970 cutoff. 3744503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3745374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3746503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1947 Mar 14 3747dafc4501SDan McDonald 3:00 - +03 3748503609a9SYuri Pankov 3749503609a9SYuri Pankov# Singapore 3750503609a9SYuri Pankov# taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 375106965442SAndy Fiddaman# https://web.archive.org/web/20190822231045/http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/~mathelmr/teaching/timezone.html 3752374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3753503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 3754503609a9SYuri Pankov 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 3755dafc4501SDan McDonald 7:00 - +07 1933 Jan 1 3756dafc4501SDan McDonald 7:00 0:20 +0720 1936 Jan 1 3757dafc4501SDan McDonald 7:20 - +0720 1941 Sep 1 3758dafc4501SDan McDonald 7:30 - +0730 1942 Feb 16 3759dafc4501SDan McDonald 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12 3760af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman 7:30 - +0730 1981 Dec 31 16:00u 3761dafc4501SDan McDonald 8:00 - +08 3762503609a9SYuri Pankov 3763503609a9SYuri Pankov# Spratly Is 3764503609a9SYuri Pankov# no information 3765503609a9SYuri Pankov 3766503609a9SYuri Pankov# Sri Lanka 3767503609a9SYuri Pankov 3768503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 3769503609a9SYuri Pankov# Milne says "Madras mean time use from May 1, 1898. Prior to this Colombo 3770503609a9SYuri Pankov# mean time, 5h. 4m. 21.9s. F., was used." But 5:04:21.9 differs considerably 3771503609a9SYuri Pankov# from Colombo's meridian 5:19:24, so for now ignore Milne and stick with 3772503609a9SYuri Pankov# Shanks and Pottenger. 3773503609a9SYuri Pankov 3774503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 3775503609a9SYuri Pankov# "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout" 3776503609a9SYuri Pankov# (<http://www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html>, 1996-05-24, 3777503609a9SYuri Pankov# no longer available as of 1999-08-17) 3778503609a9SYuri Pankov# reported "the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at 3779503609a9SYuri Pankov# midnight Friday (1830 GMT) 'in the light of the present power crisis'." 3780503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3781503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted 3782503609a9SYuri Pankov# by Shamindra in Daily News - Hot News Section 3783503609a9SYuri Pankov# <news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net> (1996-10-26): 3784503609a9SYuri Pankov# With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996 3785503609a9SYuri Pankov# Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT. 3786503609a9SYuri Pankov 3787503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online 3788503609a9SYuri Pankov# <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13): 3789503609a9SYuri Pankov# 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes) 3790503609a9SYuri Pankov# at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006). 3791503609a9SYuri Pankov 3792503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in: 3793503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML 3794503609a9SYuri Pankov# [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply 3795503609a9SYuri Pankov# kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean 3796503609a9SYuri Pankov# Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India. 3797503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18): 3798503609a9SYuri Pankov# People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'], 3799503609a9SYuri Pankov# as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970. 3800503609a9SYuri Pankov 3801503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Sadika Sumanapala (2016-10-19): 3802503609a9SYuri Pankov# According to http://www.sltime.org (maintained by Measurement Units, 3803503609a9SYuri Pankov# Standards & Services Department, Sri Lanka) abbreviation for Sri Lanka 3804503609a9SYuri Pankov# standard time is SLST. 3805503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3806503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-18): 3807af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# "SLST" seems to be reasonably recent and rarely used outside time 3808503609a9SYuri Pankov# zone nerd sources. I searched Google News and found three uses of 3809503609a9SYuri Pankov# it in the International Business Times of India in February and 3810503609a9SYuri Pankov# March of this year when discussing cricket match times, but nothing 3811503609a9SYuri Pankov# since then (though there has been a lot of cricket) and nothing in 3812503609a9SYuri Pankov# other English-language news sources. Our old abbreviation "LKT" is 3813503609a9SYuri Pankov# even worse. For now, let's use a numeric abbreviation; we can 3814503609a9SYuri Pankov# switch to "SLST" if it catches on. 3815503609a9SYuri Pankov 3816374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3817503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880 3818503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time 3819503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:30 - +0530 1942 Jan 5 3820dafc4501SDan McDonald 5:30 0:30 +06 1942 Sep 3821dafc4501SDan McDonald 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 16 2:00 3822503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:30 - +0530 1996 May 25 0:00 3823503609a9SYuri Pankov 6:30 - +0630 1996 Oct 26 0:30 3824503609a9SYuri Pankov 6:00 - +06 2006 Apr 15 0:30 3825503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:30 - +0530 3826503609a9SYuri Pankov 3827503609a9SYuri Pankov# Syria 3828f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3829503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S 3830503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 3831503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S 3832503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 3833503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 3834503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 3835503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 3836503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 3837503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S 3838503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 3839503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 3840503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 - 3841503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S 3842503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 3843503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S 3844503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 - 3845503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S 3846503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 3847503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S 3848503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 3849503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 3850503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S 3851503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 3852503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 3853503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3854503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S 3855503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 3856503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 3857503609a9SYuri Pankov# IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02; 3858503609a9SYuri Pankov# (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02, 3859503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31; 3860503609a9SYuri Pankov# (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22; 3861503609a9SYuri Pankov# for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger, 3862503609a9SYuri Pankov# except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan). 3863503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 3864503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3865503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S 3866503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 3867503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18): 3868503609a9SYuri Pankov# According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC] 3869503609a9SYuri Pankov# this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt. 3870503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 3871503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29): 3872503609a9SYuri Pankov# Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday." 3873503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php 3874503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 3875503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Jesper Nørgaard (2007-10-27): 3876503609a9SYuri Pankov# The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will 3877503609a9SYuri Pankov# not take place 1st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1st November at 24:00 or 3878503609a9SYuri Pankov# rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sense than 3879503609a9SYuri Pankov# having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the 3880503609a9SYuri Pankov# weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now 3881503609a9SYuri Pankov# it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend... 3882503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3883503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27): 3884503609a9SYuri Pankov# Jesper Nørgaard Welen wrote: 3885503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3886503609a9SYuri Pankov# > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1 3887503609a9SYuri Pankov# > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour." 3888503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3889503609a9SYuri Pankov# I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic): 3890503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247 3891503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3892503609a9SYuri Pankov# which using Google's translate tools says: 3893503609a9SYuri Pankov# Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on 3894503609a9SYuri Pankov# identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th 3895503609a9SYuri Pankov# minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007. 3896503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 3897503609a9SYuri Pankov 3898503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17): 3899503609a9SYuri Pankov# For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for 3900503609a9SYuri Pankov# this month (March 2008) in the last day or so.... 3901503609a9SYuri Pankov# Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST 3902503609a9SYuri Pankov# Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date 3903503609a9SYuri Pankov# Variation 3904503609a9SYuri Pankov# Syrian Arab 3905503609a9SYuri Pankov# Republic SY +0200 2200 03APR08 2100 30SEP08 +0300 3906503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2200 02APR09 2100 30SEP09 +0300 3907503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2200 01APR10 2100 30SEP10 +0300 3908503609a9SYuri Pankov 3909503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17): 3910503609a9SYuri Pankov# Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News 3911503609a9SYuri Pankov# Agency (SANA)... 3912503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm 3913503609a9SYuri Pankov# ...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the 3914503609a9SYuri Pankov# Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April 3915503609a9SYuri Pankov# 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd." 3916503609a9SYuri Pankov# Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times 3917503609a9SYuri Pankov# shown above match up with midnight in Syria. 3918503609a9SYuri Pankov 3919503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): 3920503609a9SYuri Pankov# My best guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1"; 3921503609a9SYuri Pankov# coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone 3922503609a9SYuri Pankov# compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel). 3923503609a9SYuri Pankov# For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end. 3924503609a9SYuri Pankov 3925503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07): 3926503609a9SYuri Pankov# Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year, 3927503609a9SYuri Pankov# according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA). 3928503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3929503609a9SYuri Pankov# The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to 3930503609a9SYuri Pankov# winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting 3931503609a9SYuri Pankov# clocks back 60 minutes). 3932503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3933503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm 3934503609a9SYuri Pankov 3935503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19): 3936503609a9SYuri Pankov# Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources, 3937503609a9SYuri Pankov# two examples: 3938503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3939503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm 3940503609a9SYuri Pankov# (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency) 3941503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209 3942503609a9SYuri Pankov# (Arabic, gov-site) 3943503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3944503609a9SYuri Pankov# We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year. 3945503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3946503609a9SYuri Pankov# Our summary 3947b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html 3948503609a9SYuri Pankov 3949503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27): 3950503609a9SYuri Pankov# The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will 3951503609a9SYuri Pankov# revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday 3952503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30: 3953503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic) 3954503609a9SYuri Pankov 3955503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28): 3956503609a9SYuri Pankov# We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last 3957503609a9SYuri Pankov# Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or 3958503609a9SYuri Pankov# something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday. 3959503609a9SYuri Pankov 3960503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-17): 3961503609a9SYuri Pankov# The "Syrian News Station" reported on 2010-03-16 that the Council of 3962503609a9SYuri Pankov# Ministers has decided that Syria will start DST on midnight Thursday 3963503609a9SYuri Pankov# 2010-04-01: (midnight between Thursday and Friday): 3964503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421 (Arabic) 3965503609a9SYuri Pankov 3966503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26): 3967503609a9SYuri Pankov# Today, Syria's government announced that they will start DST early on Friday 3968503609a9SYuri Pankov# (00:00). This is a bit earlier than the past two years. 3969503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3970503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Syrian Arab News Agency, in Arabic: 3971503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm 3972503609a9SYuri Pankov# 3973503609a9SYuri Pankov# Our brief summary: 3974b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html 3975503609a9SYuri Pankov 3976f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# From Steffen Thorsen (2022-10-05): 3977f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Syria is adopting year-round DST, starting this autumn.... 3978f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# From https://www.enabbaladi.net/archives/607812 3979f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# "This [the decision] came after the weekly government meeting today, 3980f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Tuesday 4 October ..." 3981f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# 3982f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# From Paul Eggert (2022-10-05): 3983f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Like Jordan, model this as a transition from EEST +03 (DST) to plain +03 3984f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# (non-DST) at the point where DST would otherwise have ended. 3985503609a9SYuri Pankov 3986503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 2008 only - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 3987503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 3988503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 3989503609a9SYuri PankovRule Syria 2010 2011 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 3990f117aa50SRobert MustacchiRule Syria 2012 2022 - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 3991f117aa50SRobert MustacchiRule Syria 2009 2022 - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 - 3992503609a9SYuri Pankov 3993374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3994503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq 3995f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi 2:00 Syria EE%sT 2022 Oct 28 0:00 3996f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi 3:00 - +03 3997503609a9SYuri Pankov 3998503609a9SYuri Pankov# Tajikistan 3999503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Shanks & Pottenger. 4000374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4001503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 4002503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 4003503609a9SYuri Pankov 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 4004427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman 5:00 1:00 +06 1991 Sep 9 2:00s 4005503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 - +05 4006503609a9SYuri Pankov 4007f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Cambodia 4008f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Christmas I 4009f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Laos 4010503609a9SYuri Pankov# Thailand 4011f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Vietnam (northern) 4012374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4013503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880 4014503609a9SYuri Pankov 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time 4015dafc4501SDan McDonald 7:00 - +07 4016503609a9SYuri Pankov 4017503609a9SYuri Pankov# Turkmenistan 4018503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Shanks & Pottenger. 4019374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4020503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad 4021503609a9SYuri Pankov 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 4022503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00 4023503609a9SYuri Pankov 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00 4024503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 - +05 4025503609a9SYuri Pankov 4026f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Oman 4027f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Réunion 4028f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Seychelles 4029503609a9SYuri Pankov# United Arab Emirates 4030f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# 4031f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# The Crozet Is also observe Réunion time; see the 'antarctica' file. 4032374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4033503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920 4034dafc4501SDan McDonald 4:00 - +04 4035503609a9SYuri Pankov 4036503609a9SYuri Pankov# Uzbekistan 4037503609a9SYuri Pankov# Byalokoz 1919 says Uzbekistan was 4:27:53. 4038374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4039503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:53 - LMT 1924 May 2 4040503609a9SYuri Pankov 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 4041503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 4042503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 4043503609a9SYuri Pankov 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 4044503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 4045503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 - +05 4046427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8. 4047427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman #STDOFF 4:37:10.8 4048503609a9SYuri PankovZone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:11 - LMT 1924 May 2 4049503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 4050503609a9SYuri Pankov 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00 4051503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 4052503609a9SYuri Pankov 5:00 - +05 4053503609a9SYuri Pankov 4054f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Vietnam (southern) 4055503609a9SYuri Pankov 4056503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-04): 4057503609a9SYuri Pankov# Milne gives 7:16:56 for the meridian of Saigon in 1899, as being 4058503609a9SYuri Pankov# used in Lower Laos, Cambodia, and Annam. But this is quite a ways 4059503609a9SYuri Pankov# from Saigon's location. For now, ignore this and stick with Shanks 4060503609a9SYuri Pankov# and Pottenger for LMT before 1906. 4061503609a9SYuri Pankov 4062503609a9SYuri Pankov# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): 4063503609a9SYuri Pankov# The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Minh 4064503609a9SYuri Pankov# City"; use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters. 4065503609a9SYuri Pankov 4066*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# From Paul Eggert (2024-01-14) after a 2014 heads-up from Trần Ngọc Quân 4067*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# and a 2024-01-14 heads-up from Đoàn Trần Công Danh: 4068503609a9SYuri Pankov# Trần Tiến Bình's authoritative book "Lịch Việt Nam: thế kỷ XX-XXI (1901-2100)" 4069503609a9SYuri Pankov# (Nhà xuất bản Văn Hoá - Thông Tin, Hanoi, 2005), pp 49-50, 4070503609a9SYuri Pankov# is quoted verbatim in: 4071503609a9SYuri Pankov# http://www.thoigian.com.vn/?mPage=P80D01 4072503609a9SYuri Pankov# is translated by Brian Inglis in: 4073b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021654.html 4074503609a9SYuri Pankov# and is the basis for the information below. 4075503609a9SYuri Pankov# 4076503609a9SYuri Pankov# The 1906 transition was effective July 1 and standardized Indochina to 40773508b934SYuri Pankov# Phù Liễn Observatory, legally 104° 17' 17" east of Paris. 4078503609a9SYuri Pankov# It's unclear whether this meant legal Paris Mean Time (00:09:21) or 4079427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# the Paris Meridian; for now guess the former and round the exact 4080427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# 07:06:30.1333... to 07:06:30.13 as the legal spec used 66 2/3 ms precision. 4081503609a9SYuri Pankov# which is used below even though the modern-day Phù Liễn Observatory 4082503609a9SYuri Pankov# is closer to 07:06:31. Abbreviate Phù Liễn Mean Time as PLMT. 4083503609a9SYuri Pankov# 4084503609a9SYuri Pankov# The following transitions occurred in Indochina in general (before 1954) 4085503609a9SYuri Pankov# and in South Vietnam in particular (after 1954): 4086503609a9SYuri Pankov# To 07:00 on 1911-05-01. 4087503609a9SYuri Pankov# To 08:00 on 1942-12-31 at 23:00. 4088374df668SAndy Fiddaman# To 09:00 on 1945-03-14 at 23:00. 4089503609a9SYuri Pankov# To 07:00 on 1945-09-02 in Vietnam. 4090503609a9SYuri Pankov# To 08:00 on 1947-04-01 in French-controlled Indochina. 4091503609a9SYuri Pankov# To 07:00 on 1955-07-01 in South Vietnam. 4092503609a9SYuri Pankov# To 08:00 on 1959-12-31 at 23:00 in South Vietnam. 4093503609a9SYuri Pankov# To 07:00 on 1975-06-13 in South Vietnam. 4094503609a9SYuri Pankov# 4095503609a9SYuri Pankov# Trần cites the following sources; it's unclear which supplied the info above. 4096503609a9SYuri Pankov# 4097503609a9SYuri Pankov# Hoàng Xuân Hãn: "Lịch và lịch Việt Nam". Tập san Khoa học Xã hội, 4098503609a9SYuri Pankov# No. 9, Paris, February 1982. 4099503609a9SYuri Pankov# 4100503609a9SYuri Pankov# Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch và niên biểu lịch sử hai mươi thế kỷ (0001-2010)", 4101503609a9SYuri Pankov# NXB Thống kê, Hanoi, 2000. 4102503609a9SYuri Pankov# 4103503609a9SYuri Pankov# Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch hai thế kỷ (1802-2010) và các lịch vĩnh cửu", 4104503609a9SYuri Pankov# NXB Thuận Hoá, Huế, 1995. 4105*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# 4106*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# Here is the decision for the September 1945 transition: 4107*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# Võ Nguyên Giáp, Việt Nam Dân Quốc Công Báo, No. 1 (1945-09-29), page 13 4108*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# http://baochi.nlv.gov.vn/baochi/cgi-bin/baochi?a=d&d=JwvzO19450929.2.5&dliv=none 4109*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# It says that on 1945-09-01 at 24:00, Vietnam moved back two hours, to +07. 4110*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# It also mentions a 1945-03-29 decree (by a Japanese Goveror-General) 4111*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# to set the time zone to +09, but does not say whether that decree 4112*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# merely legalized an earlier change to +09. 4113*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# 4114*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# July 1955 transition: 4115*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# Ngô Đình Diệm, Công Báo Việt Nam, No. 92 (1955-07-02), page 1780-1781 4116*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# Ordinance (Dụ) No. 46 (1955-06-25) 4117*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/32341#?c=0&m=29&s=0&cv=4&r=0&xywh=-89%2C342%2C1724%2C1216 4118*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# It says that on 1955-07-01 at 01:00, South Vietnam moved back 1 hour (to +07). 4119*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# 4120*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# December 1959 transition: 4121*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# Ngô Đình Diệm, Công Báo Việt Nam Cộng Hòa, 1960 part 1 (1960-01-02), page 62 4122*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# Decree (Sắc lệnh) No. 362-TTP (1959-12-30) 4123*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/32341#?c=0&m=138&s=0&cv=793&r=0&xywh=-54%2C1504%2C1705%2C1202 4124*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# It says that on 1959-12-31 at 23:00, South Vietnam moved forward 1 hour (to +08). 4125*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi 4126503609a9SYuri Pankov 4127374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4128427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman #STDOFF 7:06:30.13 4129427b4c5cSAndy FiddamanZone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:30 - LMT 1906 Jul 1 4130dafc4501SDan McDonald 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1 # Phù Liễn MT 4131dafc4501SDan McDonald 7:00 - +07 1942 Dec 31 23:00 4132dafc4501SDan McDonald 8:00 - +08 1945 Mar 14 23:00 4133*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 1 24:00 4134dafc4501SDan McDonald 7:00 - +07 1947 Apr 1 4135*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi 8:00 - +08 1955 Jul 1 01:00 4136dafc4501SDan McDonald 7:00 - +07 1959 Dec 31 23:00 4137dafc4501SDan McDonald 8:00 - +08 1975 Jun 13 4138dafc4501SDan McDonald 7:00 - +07 4139503609a9SYuri Pankov 4140251a62bcSDominik Hassler# From Paul Eggert (2019-02-19): 4141251a62bcSDominik Hassler# 4142251a62bcSDominik Hassler# The Ho Chi Minh entry suffices for most purposes as it agrees with all of 4143251a62bcSDominik Hassler# Vietnam since 1975-06-13. Presumably clocks often changed in south Vietnam 4144251a62bcSDominik Hassler# in the early 1970s as locations changed hands during the war; however the 4145251a62bcSDominik Hassler# details are unknown and would likely be too voluminous for this database. 4146251a62bcSDominik Hassler# 4147251a62bcSDominik Hassler# For timestamps in north Vietnam back to 1970 (the tzdb cutoff), 4148251a62bcSDominik Hassler# use Asia/Bangkok; see the VN entries in the file zone1970.tab. 4149251a62bcSDominik Hassler# For timestamps before 1970, see Asia/Hanoi in the file 'backzone'. 4150