xref: /illumos-gate/usr/src/data/zoneinfo/africa (revision 8329232e00f1048795bae53acb230316243aadb5)
1# tzdb data for Africa and environs
2
3# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
4# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
5
6# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
7# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
8# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
9# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
10
11# From Paul Eggert (2018-05-27):
12#
13# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
14# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
15# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
16# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
17#
18# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
19# for time zone data was the International Air Transport
20# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
21# published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
22# of the IATA's data after 1990.  Except where otherwise noted,
23# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
24#
25# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
26# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
27# I found in the UCLA library.
28#
29# For data circa 1899, a common source is:
30# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
31# https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
32#
33# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
34# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
35#
36# European-style abbreviations are commonly used along the Mediterranean.
37# For sub-Saharan Africa abbreviations were less standardized.
38# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
39# for UT +00 through +03, respectively,
40# but in 1997 Mark R V Murray reported that
41# 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +02 in the country of South Africa,
42# 'CAT' is commonly used for +02 in countries north of South Africa, and
43# 'WAT' is probably the best name for +01, as the common phrase for
44# the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa".
45#
46# To summarize, the following abbreviations seemed to have some currency:
47#	 +00	GMT	Greenwich Mean Time
48#	 +02	CAT	Central Africa Time
49#	 +02	SAST	South Africa Standard Time
50# and Murray suggested the following abbreviation:
51#	 +01	WAT	West Africa Time
52# Murray's suggestion seems to have caught on in news reports and the like.
53# I vaguely recall 'WAT' also being used for -01 in the past but
54# cannot now come up with solid citations.
55#
56# I invented the following abbreviations in the 1990s:
57#	 +02	WAST	West Africa Summer Time
58#	 +03	CAST	Central Africa Summer Time
59#	 +03	SAST	South Africa Summer Time
60#	 +03	EAT	East Africa Time
61# 'EAT' seems to have caught on and is in current timestamps, and though
62# the other abbreviations are rarer and are only in past timestamps,
63# they are paired with better-attested non-DST abbreviations.
64# Corrections are welcome.
65
66# Algeria
67# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
68Rule	Algeria	1916	only	-	Jun	14	23:00s	1:00	S
69Rule	Algeria	1916	1919	-	Oct	Sun>=1	23:00s	0	-
70Rule	Algeria	1917	only	-	Mar	24	23:00s	1:00	S
71Rule	Algeria	1918	only	-	Mar	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
72Rule	Algeria	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00s	1:00	S
73Rule	Algeria	1920	only	-	Feb	14	23:00s	1:00	S
74Rule	Algeria	1920	only	-	Oct	23	23:00s	0	-
75Rule	Algeria	1921	only	-	Mar	14	23:00s	1:00	S
76Rule	Algeria	1921	only	-	Jun	21	23:00s	0	-
77Rule	Algeria	1939	only	-	Sep	11	23:00s	1:00	S
78Rule	Algeria	1939	only	-	Nov	19	 1:00	0	-
79Rule	Algeria	1944	1945	-	Apr	Mon>=1	 2:00	1:00	S
80Rule	Algeria	1944	only	-	Oct	 8	 2:00	0	-
81Rule	Algeria	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 1:00	0	-
82Rule	Algeria	1971	only	-	Apr	25	23:00s	1:00	S
83Rule	Algeria	1971	only	-	Sep	26	23:00s	0	-
84Rule	Algeria	1977	only	-	May	 6	 0:00	1:00	S
85Rule	Algeria	1977	only	-	Oct	21	 0:00	0	-
86Rule	Algeria	1978	only	-	Mar	24	 1:00	1:00	S
87Rule	Algeria	1978	only	-	Sep	22	 3:00	0	-
88Rule	Algeria	1980	only	-	Apr	25	 0:00	1:00	S
89Rule	Algeria	1980	only	-	Oct	31	 2:00	0	-
90# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
91# more precise 0:09:21.
92# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
93Zone	Africa/Algiers	0:12:12 -	LMT	1891 Mar 15  0:01
94			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
95			0:00	Algeria	WE%sT	1940 Feb 25  2:00
96			1:00	Algeria	CE%sT	1946 Oct  7
97			0:00	-	WET	1956 Jan 29
98			1:00	-	CET	1963 Apr 14
99			0:00	Algeria	WE%sT	1977 Oct 21
100			1:00	Algeria	CE%sT	1979 Oct 26
101			0:00	Algeria	WE%sT	1981 May
102			1:00	-	CET
103
104# Angola
105# Benin
106# See Africa/Lagos.
107
108# Botswana
109# See Africa/Maputo.
110
111# Burkina Faso
112# See Africa/Abidjan.
113
114# Burundi
115# See Africa/Maputo.
116
117# Cameroon
118# See Africa/Lagos.
119
120# Cape Verde / Cabo Verde
121#
122# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16):
123# Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to +02.
124# For now, ignore that and follow the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
125# (see Europe/Lisbon).
126#
127# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
128Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 -	LMT	1912 Jan 01  2:00u # Praia
129			-2:00	-	-02	1942 Sep
130			-2:00	1:00	-01	1945 Oct 15
131			-2:00	-	-02	1975 Nov 25  2:00
132			-1:00	-	-01
133
134# Central African Republic
135# See Africa/Lagos.
136
137# Chad
138# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
139Zone	Africa/Ndjamena	1:00:12 -	LMT	1912        # N'Djamena
140			1:00	-	WAT	1979 Oct 14
141			1:00	1:00	WAST	1980 Mar  8
142			1:00	-	WAT
143
144# Comoros
145# See Africa/Nairobi.
146
147# Democratic Republic of the Congo
148# See Africa/Lagos for the western part and Africa/Maputo for the eastern.
149
150# Republic of the Congo
151# See Africa/Lagos.
152
153# Côte d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast
154# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
155Zone	Africa/Abidjan	-0:16:08 -	LMT	1912
156			 0:00	-	GMT
157Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako	# Mali
158Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul	# Gambia
159Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry	# Guinea
160Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar	# Senegal
161Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown	# Sierra Leone
162Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome		# Togo
163Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott	# Mauritania
164Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou	# Burkina Faso
165Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena	# St Helena
166
167# Djibouti
168# See Africa/Nairobi.
169
170###############################################################################
171
172# Egypt
173
174# Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh
175# observatory; round to nearest.  Milne also says that the official time for
176# Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this
177# did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said.
178
179# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
180Rule	Egypt	1940	only	-	Jul	15	0:00	1:00	S
181Rule	Egypt	1940	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
182Rule	Egypt	1941	only	-	Apr	15	0:00	1:00	S
183Rule	Egypt	1941	only	-	Sep	16	0:00	0	-
184Rule	Egypt	1942	1944	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
185Rule	Egypt	1942	only	-	Oct	27	0:00	0	-
186Rule	Egypt	1943	1945	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	-
187Rule	Egypt	1945	only	-	Apr	16	0:00	1:00	S
188Rule	Egypt	1957	only	-	May	10	0:00	1:00	S
189Rule	Egypt	1957	1958	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
190Rule	Egypt	1958	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
191Rule	Egypt	1959	1981	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
192Rule	Egypt	1959	1965	-	Sep	30	3:00	0	-
193Rule	Egypt	1966	1994	-	Oct	 1	3:00	0	-
194Rule	Egypt	1982	only	-	Jul	25	1:00	1:00	S
195Rule	Egypt	1983	only	-	Jul	12	1:00	1:00	S
196Rule	Egypt	1984	1988	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
197Rule	Egypt	1989	only	-	May	 6	1:00	1:00	S
198Rule	Egypt	1990	1994	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
199# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00.
200# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29.
201
202# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20):
203# "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight
204# saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of
205# Egyptians would approve the cancellation."
206#
207# Egypt to cancel daylight saving time
208# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168
209# or
210# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html
211Rule	Egypt	1995	2010	-	Apr	lastFri	 0:00s	1:00	S
212Rule	Egypt	1995	2005	-	Sep	lastThu	24:00	0	-
213# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19):
214# The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports:
215# Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday
216# after observing the daylight saving time since May.
217# http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf
218Rule	Egypt	2006	only	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
219# From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14):
220# I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight
221# saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07.
222# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:]
223# http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm
224# https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53
225# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...:
226# http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm
227Rule	Egypt	2007	only	-	Sep	Thu>=1	24:00	0	-
228# From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06):
229# Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter
230# than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each
231# year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite
232# hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by
233# shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently,
234# unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008.
235# From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
236# For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August.
237
238# From Petr Machata (2009-04-06):
239# The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited):
240#
241# > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009
242# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo  Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
243# Apr 23
244# > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
245# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo  Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri =
246# Apr 24
247# > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
248# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo  Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
249# Aug 27
250# > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
251# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo  Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu =
252# Aug 27
253# > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
254#
255# > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59=
256# :59)
257# > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/
258#
259# timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that.
260#
261# [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263
262# [2] https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53
263# [3] https://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/
264
265# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20):
266# In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth
267# Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday
268# in September.
269
270# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11):
271# We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet
272# Information and Decision Support Center:
273# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html
274#
275# The Middle East News Agency
276# https://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx
277# also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21"
278# today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT."
279# Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service,
280# and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine
281# (at least today).
282
283# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20):
284# According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has
285# decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during
286# Ramadan.
287#
288# Arabic translation:
289# "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again"
290# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again
291# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html
292
293# From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07):
294# Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15
295# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx
296
297# From Gunther Vermier (2014-05-13):
298# our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00)
299
300# From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04):
301# We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes
302# in Egypt.  The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at
303# http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ...
304# [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ...
305# translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to
306# take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014,
307# to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014,
308# and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve
309# o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014."  This statement has been
310# reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]...
311# http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258
312
313# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04):
314# Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says
315# the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited
316# above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption.  There is
317# no information about when DST will end this fall.  See:
318# http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833
319
320# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-04-08):
321# Egypt will start DST on midnight after Thursday, April 30, 2015.
322# This is based on a law (no 35) from May 15, 2014 saying it starts the last
323# Thursday of April....  Clocks will still be turned back for Ramadan, but
324# dates not yet announced....
325# http://almogaz.com/news/weird-news/2015/04/05/1947105 ...
326# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-starts-dst-2015.html
327
328# From Ahmed Nazmy (2015-04-20):
329# Egypt's ministers cabinet just announced ... that it will cancel DST at
330# least for 2015.
331#
332# From Tim Parenti (2015-04-20):
333# http://english.ahram.org.eg/WriterArticles/NewsContentP/1/128195/Egypt/No-daylight-saving-this-summer-Egypts-prime-minist.aspx
334# "Egypt's cabinet agreed on Monday not to switch clocks for daylight saving
335# time this summer, and carry out studies on the possibility of canceling the
336# practice altogether in future years."
337#
338# From Paul Eggert (2015-04-24):
339# Yesterday the office of Egyptian President El-Sisi announced his
340# decision to abandon DST permanently.  See Ahram Online 2015-04-24.
341# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/128509/Egypt/Politics-/Sisi-cancels-daylight-saving-time-in-Egypt.aspx
342
343# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-04-29):
344# Egypt will have DST from July 7 until the end of October....
345# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/1/204655/Egypt/Daylight-savings-time-returning-to-Egypt-on--July.aspx
346# From Mina Samuel (2016-07-04):
347# Egyptian government took the decision to cancel the DST,
348
349Rule	Egypt	2008	only	-	Aug	lastThu	24:00	0	-
350Rule	Egypt	2009	only	-	Aug	20	24:00	0	-
351Rule	Egypt	2010	only	-	Aug	10	24:00	0	-
352Rule	Egypt	2010	only	-	Sep	 9	24:00	1:00	S
353Rule	Egypt	2010	only	-	Sep	lastThu	24:00	0	-
354Rule	Egypt	2014	only	-	May	15	24:00	1:00	S
355Rule	Egypt	2014	only	-	Jun	26	24:00	0	-
356Rule	Egypt	2014	only	-	Jul	31	24:00	1:00	S
357Rule	Egypt	2014	only	-	Sep	lastThu	24:00	0	-
358
359# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
360Zone	Africa/Cairo	2:05:09 -	LMT	1900 Oct
361			2:00	Egypt	EE%sT
362
363# Equatorial Guinea
364# See Africa/Lagos.
365
366# Eritrea
367# Ethiopia
368# See Africa/Nairobi.
369#
370# Unfortunately tzdb records only Western clock time in use in Ethiopia,
371# as the tzdb format is not up to properly recording a common Ethiopian
372# timekeeping practice that is based on solar time.  See:
373# Mortada D. If you have a meeting in Ethiopia, you'd better double
374# check the time. PRI's The World. 2015-01-30 15:15 -05.
375# https://www.pri.org/stories/2015-01-30/if-you-have-meeting-ethiopia-you-better-double-check-time
376
377# Gabon
378# See Africa/Lagos.
379
380# Gambia
381# See Africa/Abidjan.
382
383# Ghana
384
385# From Paul Eggert (2018-01-30):
386# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to "the present";
387# Shanks & Pottenger say 1936 to 1942 with 20 minutes of DST,
388# with transitions on 09-01 and 12-31 at 00:00.
389# Page 33 of Parish GCB, Colonial Reports - Annual. No. 1066. Gold
390# Coast. Report for 1919. (March 1921), OCLC 784024077
391# http://libsysdigi.library.illinois.edu/ilharvest/africana/books2011-05/5530214/5530214_1919/5530214_1919_opt.pdf
392# lists the Determination of the Time Ordinance, 1919, No. 18,
393# "to advance the time observed locally by the space of twenty minutes
394# during the last four months of each year; the object in view being
395# to extend during those months the period of daylight-time available
396# for evening recreation after office hours."
397# Vanessa Ogle, The Global Transformation of Time, 1870-1950 (2015), p 33,
398# writes "In 1919, the Gold Coast (Ghana as of 1957) made Greenwich
399# time its legal time and simultaneously legalized a summer time of
400# UTC - 00:20 minutes from March to October."; a footnote lists
401# the ordinance as being dated 1919-11-24.
402# The Crown Colonist, Volume 12 (1942), p 176, says "the Government
403# intend advancing Gold Coast time half an hour ahead of G.M.T.
404# The actual date of the alteration has not yet been announced."
405# These sources are incomplete and contradictory.  Possibly what is
406# now Ghana observed different DST regimes in different years.  For
407# lack of better info, use Shanks except treat the minus sign as a
408# typo, and assume DST started in 1920 not 1936.
409# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
410Rule	Ghana	1920	1942	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0:20	-
411Rule	Ghana	1920	1942	-	Dec	31	0:00	0	-
412# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
413Zone	Africa/Accra	-0:00:52 -	LMT	1918
414			 0:00	Ghana	GMT/+0020
415
416# Guinea
417# See Africa/Abidjan.
418
419# Guinea-Bissau
420#
421# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16):
422# Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT,
423# evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree
424# (see Europe/Lisbon) with the date that it took effect.
425#
426# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
427Zone	Africa/Bissau	-1:02:20 -	LMT	1912 Jan  1  1:00u
428			-1:00	-	-01	1975
429			 0:00	-	GMT
430
431# Kenya
432# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
433Zone	Africa/Nairobi	2:27:16	-	LMT	1928 Jul
434			3:00	-	EAT	1930
435			2:30	-	+0230	1940
436			2:45	-	+0245	1960
437			3:00	-	EAT
438Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Addis_Ababa	 # Ethiopia
439Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmara	 # Eritrea
440Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Dar_es_Salaam # Tanzania
441Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Djibouti
442Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Kampala	 # Uganda
443Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Mogadishu	 # Somalia
444Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Antananarivo	 # Madagascar
445Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Comoro
446Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Mayotte
447
448# Lesotho
449# See Africa/Johannesburg.
450
451# Liberia
452#
453# From Paul Eggert (2017-03-02):
454#
455# The Nautical Almanac for the Year 1970, p 264, is the source for -0:44:30.
456#
457# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch from a UT offset
458# that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes.  The 1972 change was on
459# 1972-01-07, according to an entry dated 1972-01-04 on p 330 of:
460# Presidential Papers: First year of the administration of
461# President William R. Tolbert, Jr., July 23, 1971-July 31, 1972.
462# Monrovia: Executive Mansion.
463#
464# Use the abbreviation "MMT" before 1972, as the more-accurate numeric
465# abbreviation "-004430" would be one byte over the POSIX limit.
466#
467# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
468Zone	Africa/Monrovia	-0:43:08 -	LMT	1882
469			-0:43:08 -	MMT	1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time
470			-0:44:30 -	MMT	1972 Jan 7 # approximately MMT
471			 0:00	-	GMT
472
473###############################################################################
474
475# Libya
476
477# From Even Scharning (2012-11-10):
478# Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10.
479# https://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/
480# Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc
481#
482# Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in
483# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html
484#
485# From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11):
486# Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1.
487# The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe
488# (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on
489# lastFri instead of lastSun).
490
491# From Even Scharning (2013-10-25):
492# The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was
493# cancelled yesterday....
494# https://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/
495#
496# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25):
497# For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UT +02.
498
499# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
500Rule	Libya	1951	only	-	Oct	14	2:00	1:00	S
501Rule	Libya	1952	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
502Rule	Libya	1953	only	-	Oct	 9	2:00	1:00	S
503Rule	Libya	1954	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
504Rule	Libya	1955	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	1:00	S
505Rule	Libya	1956	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
506Rule	Libya	1982	1984	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
507Rule	Libya	1982	1985	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
508Rule	Libya	1985	only	-	Apr	 6	0:00	1:00	S
509Rule	Libya	1986	only	-	Apr	 4	0:00	1:00	S
510Rule	Libya	1986	only	-	Oct	 3	0:00	0	-
511Rule	Libya	1987	1989	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
512Rule	Libya	1987	1989	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
513Rule	Libya	1997	only	-	Apr	 4	0:00	1:00	S
514Rule	Libya	1997	only	-	Oct	 4	0:00	0	-
515Rule	Libya	2013	only	-	Mar	lastFri	1:00	1:00	S
516Rule	Libya	2013	only	-	Oct	lastFri	2:00	0	-
517# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
518Zone	Africa/Tripoli	0:52:44 -	LMT	1920
519			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	1959
520			2:00	-	EET	1982
521			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	1990 May  4
522# The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger;
523# the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors.
524			2:00	-	EET	1996 Sep 30
525			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	1997 Oct  4
526			2:00	-	EET	2012 Nov 10  2:00
527			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	2013 Oct 25  2:00
528			2:00	-	EET
529
530# Madagascar
531# See Africa/Nairobi.
532
533# Malawi
534# See Africa/Maputo.
535
536# Mali
537# Mauritania
538# See Africa/Abidjan.
539
540# Mauritius
541
542# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25):
543# Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial
544# basis....
545# It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to
546# 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful....
547# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html
548
549# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25):
550# http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
551
552# From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30):
553# The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A
554# final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving
555# would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight.
556
557# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
558# Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger.
559
560# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10):
561# According to
562# http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216
563# (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier
564# than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31).  The new start
565# date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time
566# given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time).
567#
568# A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date
569# to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date,
570# but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in
571# USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder
572# why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which
573# changes two days later.
574
575# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11):
576# Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving
577# time: Energy conservation?"- No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally
578# published on Monday, June 30, 2008...
579#
580# I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction
581# de l'heure d'été" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26
582# and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one....
583# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html
584
585# From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03):
586# The Government of Mauritius weblink
587# http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
588# Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows:
589#
590# 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly
591# of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in
592# Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of
593# the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United
594# States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the
595# last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on
596# the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the
597# year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008
598# and end on 29 March 2009.
599
600# From Ed Maste (2008-10-07):
601# THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the
602# beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the
603# morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March.
604# http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf
605
606# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05):
607# According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe
608# DST the coming summer...
609#
610# Some sources, in French:
611# http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB
612# http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints-
613#
614# Our wrap-up:
615# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html
616
617# From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11):
618# The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this:
619# "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour
620# at 2am (or 02:00) local time..."
621
622# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
623Rule Mauritius	1982	only	-	Oct	10	0:00	1:00	-
624Rule Mauritius	1983	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	0	-
625Rule Mauritius	2008	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	-
626Rule Mauritius	2009	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	0	-
627# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
628Zone Indian/Mauritius	3:50:00 -	LMT	1907 # Port Louis
629			4:00 Mauritius	+04/+05
630# Agalega Is, Rodriguez
631# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
632
633# Mayotte
634# See Africa/Nairobi.
635
636# Morocco
637# See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta).
638
639# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
640# Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between
641# 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008.
642#
643# "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will
644# be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to
645# Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...."
646#
647# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html
648# http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html
649
650# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
651# The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe
652# Presse:
653# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view
654#
655# Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt.
656# spokesman.
657
658# From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09):
659# According to this article:
660# https://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html
661# (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>)
662# the changes occur at midnight:
663#
664# Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be
665# interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday)
666# Sunday night the 28th at midnight
667#
668# Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say
669# the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and
670# Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive
671# June 1st to Sept 27th.
672#
673# The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree
674# published on the web.
675#
676# It's also confirmed here:
677# http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm
678# on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet
679# posted in English).
680#
681# The following Google query will generate many relevant hits:
682# https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search
683
684# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27):
685# Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31
686# and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end
687# of September:
688#
689# One article about it (in French):
690# http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default
691#
692# We have some further details posted here:
693# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html
694
695# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17):
696# Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according
697# to many sources, such as
698# http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html
699# http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312
700# (French)
701#
702# Our summary:
703# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html
704
705# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
706# Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre,
707# Ministère de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics
708#
709# Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 June 1967)
710# concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of
711# Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be
712# advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight.
713#
714# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf
715# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html
716
717# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13):
718# Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization
719# of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from
720# 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08.
721#
722# Example:
723# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html
724# (French)
725# Our page:
726# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html
727
728# From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30):
729# ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format)
730# The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00
731# The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00
732# ...Official links of change in morocco
733# The change was broadcast on the FM Radio
734# I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at
735# +212.537.71.84.00
736# http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/
737# They said that
738# http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view
739# is the official publication to look at.
740# They said that the decision was already taken.
741#
742# More articles in the press
743# https://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html
744# http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923
745# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim
746
747# From Petr Machata (2011-03-30):
748# They have it written in English here:
749# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view
750#
751# It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31,
752# 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of
753# wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has
754# also been like that in the past.
755
756# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09):
757# According to Infomédiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma),
758# on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure légale:
759# Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'été
760# http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9
761# Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on
762# the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on
763# last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012)
764# except the month of Ramadan.
765# or (brief)
766# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html
767
768# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10):
769# The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in
770# effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day;
771# it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX.
772# Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about
773# start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX.
774
775# From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16):
776# Seen Morocco change again:
777# http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php
778# "...à partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars,
779# comme annoncé précédemment."
780
781# From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17):
782# The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government:
783# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French]
784#
785# Google translation, lightly edited:
786# Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT)
787# Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18,
788# 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the
789# Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry
790# of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return
791# of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until
792# Monday, August 20, 2012.  So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from
793# 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes
794# August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am.
795
796# From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06):
797# Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be
798# announced a bit in advance.  On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government
799# announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be
800# 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see
801# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288
802
803# From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02):
804# Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings
805# transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see:
806# http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10
807
808# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28):
809# Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day
810# before it was going to end.  There is a new decree (2.13.781) for
811# this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00
812# to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules.  Official
813# source (French):
814# http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013
815# Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree):
816# http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html
817
818# From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18):
819# http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp
820
821# From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05):
822# The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return
823# to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time....  DST
824# will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014....
825# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586
826
827# From Milamber (2015-06-08):
828# (Google Translation) The hour will thus be delayed 60 minutes
829# Sunday, June 14 at 3:00, the ministry said in a statement, adding
830# that the time will be advanced again 60 minutes Sunday, July 19,
831# 2015 at 2:00.  The move comes under 2.12.126 Decree of 26 Jumada I
832# 1433 (18 April 2012) and the decision of the Head of Government of
833# 16 N. 3-29-15 Chaaban 1435 (4 June 2015).
834# Source (french):
835# https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/
836#
837# From Milamber (2015-06-09):
838# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=863
839#
840# From Michael Deckers (2015-06-09):
841# [The gov.ma announcement] would (probably) make the switch on 2015-07-19 go
842# from 03:00 to 04:00 rather than from 02:00 to 03:00, as in the patch....
843# I think the patch is correct and the quoted text is wrong; the text in
844# <https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/> agrees
845# with the patch.
846
847# From Mohamed Essedik Najd (2018-10-26):
848# Today, a Moroccan government council approved the perpetual addition
849# of 60 minutes to the regular Moroccan timezone.
850# From Brian Inglis (2018-10-26):
851# http://www.maroc.ma/fr/actualites/le-conseil-de-gouvernement-adopte-un-projet-de-decret-relatif-lheure-legale-stipulant-le
852
853# RULE	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
854Rule	Morocco	1939	only	-	Sep	12	 0:00	1:00	-
855Rule	Morocco	1939	only	-	Nov	19	 0:00	0	-
856Rule	Morocco	1940	only	-	Feb	25	 0:00	1:00	-
857Rule	Morocco	1945	only	-	Nov	18	 0:00	0	-
858Rule	Morocco	1950	only	-	Jun	11	 0:00	1:00	-
859Rule	Morocco	1950	only	-	Oct	29	 0:00	0	-
860Rule	Morocco	1967	only	-	Jun	 3	12:00	1:00	-
861Rule	Morocco	1967	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
862Rule	Morocco	1974	only	-	Jun	24	 0:00	1:00	-
863Rule	Morocco	1974	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	0	-
864Rule	Morocco	1976	1977	-	May	 1	 0:00	1:00	-
865Rule	Morocco	1976	only	-	Aug	 1	 0:00	0	-
866Rule	Morocco	1977	only	-	Sep	28	 0:00	0	-
867Rule	Morocco	1978	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00	1:00	-
868Rule	Morocco	1978	only	-	Aug	 4	 0:00	0	-
869Rule	Morocco	2008	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00	1:00	-
870Rule	Morocco	2008	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	0	-
871Rule	Morocco	2009	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00	1:00	-
872Rule	Morocco	2009	only	-	Aug	21	 0:00	0	-
873Rule	Morocco	2010	only	-	May	 2	 0:00	1:00	-
874Rule	Morocco	2010	only	-	Aug	 8	 0:00	0	-
875Rule	Morocco	2011	only	-	Apr	 3	 0:00	1:00	-
876Rule	Morocco	2011	only	-	Jul	31	 0:00	0	-
877Rule	Morocco	2012	2013	-	Apr	lastSun	 2:00	1:00	-
878Rule	Morocco	2012	only	-	Jul	20	 3:00	0	-
879Rule	Morocco	2012	only	-	Aug	20	 2:00	1:00	-
880Rule	Morocco	2012	only	-	Sep	30	 3:00	0	-
881Rule	Morocco	2013	only	-	Jul	 7	 3:00	0	-
882Rule	Morocco	2013	only	-	Aug	10	 2:00	1:00	-
883Rule	Morocco	2013	2018	-	Oct	lastSun	 3:00	0	-
884Rule	Morocco	2014	2018	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00	1:00	-
885Rule	Morocco	2014	only	-	Jun	28	 3:00	0	-
886Rule	Morocco	2014	only	-	Aug	 2	 2:00	1:00	-
887Rule	Morocco	2015	only	-	Jun	14	 3:00	0	-
888Rule	Morocco	2015	only	-	Jul	19	 2:00	1:00	-
889Rule	Morocco	2016	only	-	Jun	 5	 3:00	0	-
890Rule	Morocco	2016	only	-	Jul	10	 2:00	1:00	-
891Rule	Morocco	2017	only	-	May	21	 3:00	0	-
892Rule	Morocco	2017	only	-	Jul	 2	 2:00	1:00	-
893Rule	Morocco	2018	only	-	May	13	 3:00	0	-
894Rule	Morocco	2018	only	-	Jun	17	 2:00	1:00	-
895
896# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
897Zone Africa/Casablanca	-0:30:20 -	LMT	1913 Oct 26
898			 0:00	Morocco	+00/+01	1984 Mar 16
899			 1:00	-	+01	1986
900			 0:00	Morocco	+00/+01	2018 Oct 27
901			 1:00	-	+01
902
903# Western Sahara
904#
905# From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22):
906# A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters
907# ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as
908# Morocco does.
909#
910# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23):
911# Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT,
912# since most of it was then controlled by Morocco.
913
914Zone Africa/El_Aaiun	-0:52:48 -	LMT	1934 Jan # El Aaiún
915			-1:00	-	-01	1976 Apr 14
916			 0:00	Morocco	+00/+01	2018 Oct 27
917			 1:00	-	+01
918
919# Mozambique
920#
921# Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT.
922# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
923# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
924# merely made it official?
925#
926# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
927Zone	Africa/Maputo	2:10:20 -	LMT	1903 Mar
928			2:00	-	CAT
929Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Blantyre	# Malawi
930Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Bujumbura	# Burundi
931Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Gaborone	# Botswana
932Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Harare	# Zimbabwe
933Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Kigali	# Rwanda
934Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lubumbashi	# E Dem. Rep. of Congo
935Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lusaka	# Zambia
936
937
938# Namibia
939
940# From Arthur David Olson (2017-08-09):
941# The text of the "Namibia Time Act, 1994" is available online at
942# www.lac.org.na/laws/1994/811.pdf
943# and includes this nugget:
944# Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (2) of section 1, the
945# first winter period after the commencement of this Act shall
946# commence at OOhOO on Monday 21 March 1994 and shall end at 02h00 on
947# Sunday 4 September 1994.
948
949# From Michael Deckers (2017-04-06):
950# ... both summer and winter time are called "standard"
951# (which differs from the use in Ireland) ...
952
953# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30):
954# http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html
955# While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other
956# settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there
957# rises and sets earlier compared to other regions.  Chief of
958# Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of
959# the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest
960# of the country.
961#
962# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-22):
963# Although the Zambezi Region (formerly known as Caprivi) informally
964# observes Botswana time, we have no details about historical practice.
965# In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone.
966# See: Immanuel S. The Namibian. 2017-02-23.
967# https://www.namibian.com.na/51480/read/Time-change-divides-lawmakers
968
969# From Steffen Thorsen (2017-08-09):
970# Namibia is going to change their time zone to what is now their DST:
971# https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/
972# This video is from the government decision:
973# https://www.nbc.na/news/na-passes-namibia-time-bill-repealing-1994-namibia-time-act.8665
974# We have made the assumption so far that they will change their time zone at
975# the same time they would normally start DST, the first Sunday in September:
976# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/namibia-new-time-zone.html
977
978# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-09):
979# Before the change, summer and winter time were both standard time legally.
980# However in common parlance, winter time was considered to be DST.  See, e.g.:
981# http://www.nbc.na/news/namibias-winter-time-could-be-scrapped.2706
982# https://zone.my.na/news/times-are-changing-in-namibia
983# https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/
984# Use plain "WAT" and "CAT" for the time zone abbreviations, to be compatible
985# with Namibia's neighbors.
986
987# RULE	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
988# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST.
989Rule	Namibia	1994	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	-1:00	WAT
990Rule	Namibia	1994	2017	-	Sep	Sun>=1	2:00	0	CAT
991Rule	Namibia	1995	2017	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	-1:00	WAT
992# Rearguard section, for parsers that do not support negative DST.
993#Rule	Namibia	1994	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	0	WAT
994#Rule	Namibia	1994	2017	-	Sep	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	CAT
995#Rule	Namibia	1995	2017	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	0	WAT
996# End of rearguard section.
997
998# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
999Zone	Africa/Windhoek	1:08:24 -	LMT	1892 Feb 8
1000			1:30	-	+0130	1903 Mar
1001			2:00	-	SAST	1942 Sep 20  2:00
1002			2:00	1:00	SAST	1943 Mar 21  2:00
1003			2:00	-	SAST	1990 Mar 21 # independence
1004# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST.
1005			2:00	Namibia	%s
1006# Rearguard section, for parsers that do not support negative DST.
1007#			2:00	-	CAT	1994 Mar 21  0:00
1008# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-07):
1009# The official date of the 2017 rule change was 2017-10-24.  See:
1010# http://www.lac.org.na/laws/annoSTAT/Namibian%20Time%20Act%209%20of%202017.pdf
1011#			1:00	Namibia	%s	2017 Oct 24
1012#			2:00	-	CAT
1013# End of rearguard section.
1014
1015# Niger
1016# See Africa/Lagos.
1017
1018# Nigeria
1019# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1020Zone	Africa/Lagos	0:13:36 -	LMT	1919 Sep
1021			1:00	-	WAT
1022Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Bangui	     # Central African Republic
1023Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Brazzaville # Rep. of the Congo
1024Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Douala	     # Cameroon
1025Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Kinshasa    # Dem. Rep. of the Congo (west)
1026Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Libreville  # Gabon
1027Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Luanda	     # Angola
1028Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo	     # Equatorial Guinea
1029Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Niamey	     # Niger
1030Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo  # Benin
1031
1032# Réunion
1033# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1034Zone	Indian/Reunion	3:41:52 -	LMT	1911 Jun # Saint-Denis
1035			4:00	-	+04
1036#
1037# Crozet Islands also observes Réunion time; see the 'antarctica' file.
1038#
1039# Scattered Islands (Îles Éparses) administered from Réunion are as follows.
1040# The following information about them is taken from
1041# Îles Éparses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22,
1042# in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
1043# We have no info about their time zone histories.
1044#
1045# Bassas da India - uninhabited
1046# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families
1047# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958
1048# Juan de Nova - uninhabited
1049# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958
1050
1051# Rwanda
1052# See Africa/Maputo.
1053
1054# St Helena
1055# See Africa/Abidjan.
1056# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
1057#	Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA
1058#	Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA
1059#	Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously):
1060#		on GMT, says the CIA
1061#	Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited
1062
1063# São Tomé and Príncipe
1064
1065# See Europe/Lisbon for info about the 1912 transition.
1066
1067# From Steffen Thorsen (2018-01-08):
1068# Multiple sources tell that São Tomé changed from UTC to UTC+1 as
1069# they entered the year 2018.
1070# From Michael Deckers (2018-01-08):
1071# the switch is from 01:00 to 02:00 ... [Decree No. 25/2017]
1072# http://www.mnec.gov.st/index.php/publicacoes/documentos/file/90-decreto-lei-n-25-2017
1073
1074Zone	Africa/Sao_Tome	 0:26:56 -	LMT	1884
1075			-0:36:45 -	LMT	1912 Jan  1 00:00u # Lisbon MT
1076			 0:00	-	GMT	2018 Jan  1 01:00
1077			 1:00	-	WAT
1078
1079# Senegal
1080# See Africa/Abidjan.
1081
1082# Seychelles
1083# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1084Zone	Indian/Mahe	3:41:48 -	LMT	1906 Jun # Victoria
1085			4:00	-	+04
1086# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
1087# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the
1088# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory
1089# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976.  We don't know
1090# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now.
1091# Possibly the islands were uninhabited.
1092
1093# Sierra Leone
1094# See Africa/Abidjan.
1095
1096# Somalia
1097# See Africa/Nairobi.
1098
1099# South Africa
1100# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
1101Rule	SA	1942	1943	-	Sep	Sun>=15	2:00	1:00	-
1102Rule	SA	1943	1944	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00	0	-
1103# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1104Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 -	LMT	1892 Feb 8
1105			1:30	-	SAST	1903 Mar
1106			2:00	SA	SAST
1107Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Maseru	   # Lesotho
1108Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Mbabane    # Swaziland
1109#
1110# Marion and Prince Edward Is
1111# scientific station since 1947
1112# no information
1113
1114# Sudan
1115
1116# From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html>
1117# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13),
1118# also reported by Michaël De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:
1119# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon
1120# Saturday....  This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for
1121# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin.
1122
1123# From Ahmed Atyya, National Telecommunications Corp. (NTC), Sudan (2017-10-17):
1124# ... the Republic of Sudan is going to change the time zone from (GMT+3:00)
1125# to (GMT+ 2:00) starting from Wednesday 1 November 2017.
1126#
1127# From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18):
1128# A scanned copy (in Arabic) of Cabinet Resolution No. 352 for the
1129# year 2017 can be found as an attachment in email today from Yahia
1130# Abdalla of NTC, archived at:
1131# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2017-October/025333.html
1132
1133# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
1134Rule	Sudan	1970	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
1135Rule	Sudan	1970	1985	-	Oct	15	0:00	0	-
1136Rule	Sudan	1971	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	S
1137Rule	Sudan	1972	1985	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
1138# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1139Zone	Africa/Khartoum	2:10:08 -	LMT	1931
1140			2:00	Sudan	CA%sT	2000 Jan 15 12:00
1141			3:00	-	EAT	2017 Nov  1
1142			2:00	-	CAT
1143
1144# South Sudan
1145# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1146Zone	Africa/Juba	2:06:28 -	LMT	1931
1147			2:00	Sudan	CA%sT	2000 Jan 15 12:00
1148			3:00	-	EAT
1149
1150# Swaziland
1151# See Africa/Johannesburg.
1152
1153# Tanzania
1154# See Africa/Nairobi.
1155
1156# Togo
1157# See Africa/Abidjan.
1158
1159# Tunisia
1160
1161# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30):
1162# My correspondent, Risto Nykänen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST,
1163# this time in Tunisia.  According to Yahoo France News
1164# <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP
1165# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by
1166# one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1.  Henceforth, Tunisian time will be
1167# UTC+2 instead of UTC+1.  The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next
1168# Saturday."  (My translation)
1169#
1170# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02):
1171# La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ...
1172# http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html
1173# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30,
1174# 1h standard time.
1175#
1176# From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28):
1177# The daylight saving time will be the same each year:
1178# Beginning      : the last Sunday of March at 02:00
1179# Ending         : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ...
1180# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50
1181
1182# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16):
1183# According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year.
1184# (Arabic)
1185# http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546
1186# https://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp
1187#
1188# We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia.
1189# We have a wrap-up about this on the following page:
1190# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html
1191
1192# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
1193# Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency
1194#
1195# Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn):
1196#
1197# (in English)
1198# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157
1199#
1200# (in Arabic)
1201# http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1
1202
1203# From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18):
1204# The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is
1205# due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period
1206# concerned by summer time.  Therefore, the standard time will be kept
1207# unchanged the whole year long."  So foregoing DST seems to be an exception
1208# (albeit one that may be repeated in the future).
1209
1210# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27):
1211# According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010
1212#
1213# (translation):
1214# "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on
1215# Sunday...
1216# Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also
1217# coincided with the month of Ramadan..."
1218#
1219# (in Arabic)
1220# http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1
1221# http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036
1222# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html
1223
1224# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
1225Rule	Tunisia	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S
1226Rule	Tunisia	1939	only	-	Nov	18	23:00s	0	-
1227Rule	Tunisia	1940	only	-	Feb	25	23:00s	1:00	S
1228Rule	Tunisia	1941	only	-	Oct	 6	 0:00	0	-
1229Rule	Tunisia	1942	only	-	Mar	 9	 0:00	1:00	S
1230Rule	Tunisia	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	 3:00	0	-
1231Rule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Mar	29	 2:00	1:00	S
1232Rule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Apr	17	 2:00	0	-
1233Rule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Apr	25	 2:00	1:00	S
1234Rule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Oct	 4	 2:00	0	-
1235Rule	Tunisia	1944	1945	-	Apr	Mon>=1	 2:00	1:00	S
1236Rule	Tunisia	1944	only	-	Oct	 8	 0:00	0	-
1237Rule	Tunisia	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 0:00	0	-
1238Rule	Tunisia	1977	only	-	Apr	30	 0:00s	1:00	S
1239Rule	Tunisia	1977	only	-	Sep	24	 0:00s	0	-
1240Rule	Tunisia	1978	only	-	May	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
1241Rule	Tunisia	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00s	0	-
1242Rule	Tunisia	1988	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
1243Rule	Tunisia	1988	1990	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00s	0	-
1244Rule	Tunisia	1989	only	-	Mar	26	 0:00s	1:00	S
1245Rule	Tunisia	1990	only	-	May	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
1246Rule	Tunisia	2005	only	-	May	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
1247Rule	Tunisia	2005	only	-	Sep	30	 1:00s	0	-
1248Rule	Tunisia	2006	2008	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
1249Rule	Tunisia	2006	2008	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
1250
1251# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
1252# more precise 0:09:21.
1253# Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11.
1254# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1255Zone	Africa/Tunis	0:40:44 -	LMT	1881 May 12
1256			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
1257			1:00	Tunisia	CE%sT
1258
1259# Uganda
1260# See Africa/Nairobi.
1261
1262# Zambia
1263# Zimbabwe
1264# See Africa/Maputo.
1265