1# tzdb data for Africa and environs 2 3# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 4# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 5 6# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 7# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 8# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 9# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 10 11# From Paul Eggert (2018-05-27): 12# 13# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 14# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 15# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 16# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 17# 18# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source 19# for time zone data was the International Air Transport 20# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 21# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 22# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 23# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 24# 25# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 26# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 27# I found in the UCLA library. 28# 29# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 30# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 31# https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 32# 33# European-style abbreviations are commonly used along the Mediterranean. 34# For sub-Saharan Africa abbreviations were less standardized. 35# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT 36# for UT +00 through +03, respectively, 37# but in 1997 Mark R V Murray reported that 38# 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +02 in the country of South Africa, 39# 'CAT' is commonly used for +02 in countries north of South Africa, and 40# 'WAT' is probably the best name for +01, as the common phrase for 41# the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa". 42# 43# To summarize, the following abbreviations seemed to have some currency: 44# +00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time 45# +02 CAT Central Africa Time 46# +02 SAST South Africa Standard Time 47# and Murray suggested the following abbreviation: 48# +01 WAT West Africa Time 49# Murray's suggestion seems to have caught on in news reports and the like. 50# I vaguely recall 'WAT' also being used for -01 in the past but 51# cannot now come up with solid citations. 52# 53# I invented the following abbreviations in the 1990s: 54# +02 WAST West Africa Summer Time 55# +03 CAST Central Africa Summer Time 56# +03 SAST South Africa Summer Time 57# +03 EAT East Africa Time 58# 'EAT' seems to have caught on and is in current timestamps, and though 59# the other abbreviations are rarer and are only in past timestamps, 60# they are paired with better-attested non-DST abbreviations. 61# Corrections are welcome. 62 63# Algeria 64# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 65Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 66Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 67Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 68Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 69Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 70Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 71Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 72Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 73Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 - 74Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S 75Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 - 76Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 77Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 78Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 - 79Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S 80Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 - 81Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 82Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - 83Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S 84Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 - 85Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S 86Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 87# See Europe/Paris for PMT-related transitions. 88# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 89Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 16 90 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 91 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00 92 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7 93 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29 94 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14 95 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21 96 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26 97 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May 98 1:00 - CET 99 100# Cape Verde / Cabo Verde 101# 102# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16): 103# Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to +02. 104# For now, ignore that and follow the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 105# (see Europe/Lisbon). 106# 107# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 108Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1912 Jan 01 2:00u # Praia 109 -2:00 - -02 1942 Sep 110 -2:00 1:00 -01 1945 Oct 15 111 -2:00 - -02 1975 Nov 25 2:00 112 -1:00 - -01 113 114# Chad 115# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 116Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 # N'Djamena 117 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14 118 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8 119 1:00 - WAT 120 121# Burkina Faso 122# Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) 123# The Gambia 124# Ghana 125# Guinea 126# Iceland 127# Mali 128# Mauritania 129# St Helena 130# Senegal 131# Sierra Leone 132# Togo 133 134# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar: 135# Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA 136# Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA 137# Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously): 138# on GMT, says the CIA 139# Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited 140 141# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 142Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 143 0:00 - GMT 144 145############################################################################### 146 147# Egypt 148 149# Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh 150# observatory. Milne also says that the official time for 151# Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this 152# did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said. 153 154# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 155Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 156Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 157Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 158Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 159Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 160Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 - 161Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 162Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S 163Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 164Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 165Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 166Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 167Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 168Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 169Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S 170Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S 171Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 172Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S 173Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 174# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00. 175# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29. 176 177# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20): 178# "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight 179# saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of 180# Egyptians would approve the cancellation." 181# 182# Egypt to cancel daylight saving time 183# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168 184# or 185# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html 186Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 187Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 188# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19): 189# The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports: 190# Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday 191# after observing the daylight saving time since May. 192# http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf 193Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 194# From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14): 195# I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight 196# saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07. 197# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:] 198# http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm 199# https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53 200# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...: 201# http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm 202Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 - 203# From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06): 204# Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter 205# than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each 206# year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite 207# hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by 208# shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently, 209# unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008. 210# From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17): 211# For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August. 212 213# From Petr Machata (2009-04-06): 214# The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited): 215# 216# > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009 217# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 218# Apr 23 219# > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 220# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri = 221# Apr 24 222# > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 223# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 224# Aug 27 225# > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 226# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu = 227# Aug 27 228# > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 229# 230# > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59= 231# :59) 232# > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/ 233# 234# timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that. 235# 236# [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263 237# [2] https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53 238# [3] https://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/ 239 240# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20): 241# In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth 242# Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday 243# in September. 244 245# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11): 246# We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet 247# Information and Decision Support Center: 248# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html 249# 250# The Middle East News Agency 251# https://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx 252# also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21" 253# today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT." 254# Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service, 255# and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine 256# (at least today). 257 258# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20): 259# According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has 260# decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during 261# Ramadan. 262# 263# Arabic translation: 264# "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again" 265# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again 266# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html 267 268# From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07): 269# Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15 270# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx 271 272# From Gunther Vermier (2014-05-13): 273# our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00) 274 275# From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04): 276# We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes 277# in Egypt. The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at 278# http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ... 279# [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ... 280# translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to 281# take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014, 282# to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014, 283# and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve 284# o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014." This statement has been 285# reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]... 286# http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258 287 288# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04): 289# Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says 290# the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited 291# above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption. There is 292# no information about when DST will end this fall. See: 293# http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833 294 295# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-04-08): 296# Egypt will start DST on midnight after Thursday, April 30, 2015. 297# This is based on a law (no 35) from May 15, 2014 saying it starts the last 298# Thursday of April.... Clocks will still be turned back for Ramadan, but 299# dates not yet announced.... 300# http://almogaz.com/news/weird-news/2015/04/05/1947105 ... 301# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-starts-dst-2015.html 302 303# From Ahmed Nazmy (2015-04-20): 304# Egypt's ministers cabinet just announced ... that it will cancel DST at 305# least for 2015. 306# 307# From Tim Parenti (2015-04-20): 308# http://english.ahram.org.eg/WriterArticles/NewsContentP/1/128195/Egypt/No-daylight-saving-this-summer-Egypts-prime-minist.aspx 309# "Egypt's cabinet agreed on Monday not to switch clocks for daylight saving 310# time this summer, and carry out studies on the possibility of canceling the 311# practice altogether in future years." 312# 313# From Paul Eggert (2015-04-24): 314# Yesterday the office of Egyptian President El-Sisi announced his 315# decision to abandon DST permanently. See Ahram Online 2015-04-24. 316# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/128509/Egypt/Politics-/Sisi-cancels-daylight-saving-time-in-Egypt.aspx 317 318# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-04-29): 319# Egypt will have DST from July 7 until the end of October.... 320# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/1/204655/Egypt/Daylight-savings-time-returning-to-Egypt-on--July.aspx 321# From Mina Samuel (2016-07-04): 322# Egyptian government took the decision to cancel the DST, 323 324Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 24:00 0 - 325Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 24:00 0 - 326Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 10 24:00 0 - 327Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 9 24:00 1:00 S 328Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 329Rule Egypt 2014 only - May 15 24:00 1:00 S 330Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jun 26 24:00 0 - 331Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 31 24:00 1:00 S 332Rule Egypt 2014 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 333 334# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 335 #STDOFF 2:05:08.9 336Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct 337 2:00 Egypt EE%sT 338 339# Guinea-Bissau 340# 341# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16): 342# Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT, 343# evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree 344# (see Europe/Lisbon) with the date that it took effect. 345# 346# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 347Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 1:00u 348 -1:00 - -01 1975 349 0:00 - GMT 350 351# Comoros 352# Djibouti 353# Eritrea 354# Ethiopia 355# Kenya 356# Madagascar 357# Mayotte 358# Somalia 359# Tanzania 360# Uganda 361 362# From P Chan (2020-10-24): 363# 364# The standard time of GMT+2:30 was adopted in the East Africa Protectorate.... 365# [The Official Gazette, 1908-05-01, p 274] 366# https://books.google.com/books?id=e-cAC-sjPSEC&pg=PA274 367# 368# At midnight on 30 June 1928 the clocks throughout Kenya was put forward 369# half an hour by the Alteration of Time Ordinance, 1928. 370# https://gazettes.africa/archive/ke/1928/ke-government-gazette-dated-1928-05-11-no-28.pdf 371# [Ordinance No. 11 of 1928, The Official Gazette, 1928-06-26, p 813] 372# https://books.google.com/books?id=2S0S6os32ZUC&pg=PA813 373# 374# The 1928 ordinance was repealed by the Alteration of Time (repeal) Ordinance, 375# 1929 and the time was restored to GMT+2:30 at midnight on 4 January 1930. 376# [Ordinance No. 97 of 1929, The Official Gazette, 1929-12-31, p 2701] 377# https://books.google.com/books?id=_g18jIZQlwwC&pg=PA2701 378# 379# The Alteration of Time Ordinance, 1936 changed the time to GMT+2:45 380# and repealed the previous ordinance at midnight on 31 December 1936. 381# [The Official Gazette, 1936-07-21, p 705] 382# https://books.google.com/books?id=K7j41z0aC5wC&pg=PA705 383# 384# The Defence (Amendment of Laws No. 120) Regulations changed the time 385# to GMT+3 at midnight on 31 July 1942. 386# [Kenya Official Gazette Supplement No. 32, 1942-07-21, p 331] 387# https://books.google.com/books?hl=zh-TW&id=c_E-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA331 388# The provision of the 1936 ordinance was not repealed and was later 389# incorporated in the Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance in 1948. 390# Although it was overridden by the 1942 regulations. 391# [The Laws of Kenya in force on 1948-09-21, Title I, Chapter 1, 31] 392# https://dds.crl.edu/item/217517 (p.101) 393# In 1950 the Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance was amended to adopt 394# GMT+3 permanently as the 1942 regulations were due to expire on 10 December. 395# https://books.google.com/books?id=jvR8mUDAwR0C&pg=PA787 396# [Ordinance No. 44 of 1950, Kenya Ordinances 1950, Vol. XXIX, p 294] 397# https://books.google.com/books?id=-_dQAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA294 398 399# From Paul Eggert (2020-10-24): 400# The 1908-05-01 announcement does not give an effective date, 401# so just say "1908 May". 402 403# From Paul Eggert (2018-09-11): 404# Unfortunately tzdb records only Western clock time in use in Ethiopia, 405# as the tzdb format is not up to properly recording a common Ethiopian 406# timekeeping practice that is based on solar time. See: 407# Mortada D. If you have a meeting in Ethiopia, you'd better double 408# check the time. PRI's The World. 2015-01-30 15:15 -05. 409# https://www.pri.org/stories/2015-01-30/if-you-have-meeting-ethiopia-you-better-double-check-time 410 411# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 412Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1908 May 413 2:30 - +0230 1928 Jun 30 24:00 414 3:00 - EAT 1930 Jan 4 24:00 415 2:30 - +0230 1936 Dec 31 24:00 416 2:45 - +0245 1942 Jul 31 24:00 417 3:00 - EAT 418 419# Liberia 420# 421# From Paul Eggert (2017-03-02): 422# 423# The Nautical Almanac for the Year 1970, p 264, is the source for -0:44:30. 424# 425# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch from a UT offset 426# that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. The 1972 change was on 427# 1972-01-07, according to an entry dated 1972-01-04 on p 330 of: 428# Presidential Papers: First year of the administration of 429# President William R. Tolbert, Jr., July 23, 1971-July 31, 1972. 430# Monrovia: Executive Mansion. 431# 432# Use the abbreviation "MMT" before 1972, as the more-accurate numeric 433# abbreviation "-004430" would be one byte over the POSIX limit. 434# 435# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 436Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882 437 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time 438 -0:44:30 - MMT 1972 Jan 7 # approximately MMT 439 0:00 - GMT 440 441############################################################################### 442 443# Libya 444 445# From Even Scharning (2012-11-10): 446# Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10. 447# https://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/ 448# Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc 449# 450# Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in 451# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html 452# 453# From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11): 454# Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1. 455# The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe 456# (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on 457# lastFri instead of lastSun). 458 459# From Even Scharning (2013-10-25): 460# The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was 461# cancelled yesterday.... 462# https://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/ 463# 464# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25): 465# For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UT +02. 466 467# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 468Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S 469Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 470Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S 471Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 472Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S 473Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 474Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 475Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 476Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 477Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 478Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 479Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 480Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 481Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 482Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 483Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S 484Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 - 485# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 486Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920 487 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959 488 2:00 - EET 1982 489 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4 490# The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger; 491# the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors. 492 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30 493 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4 494 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00 495 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00 496 2:00 - EET 497 498# Mauritius 499 500# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25): 501# Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial 502# basis.... 503# It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to 504# 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful.... 505# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html 506 507# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25): 508# http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 509 510# From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30): 511# The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A 512# final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving 513# would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight. 514 515# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): 516# Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger. 517 518# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10): 519# According to 520# http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216 521# (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier 522# than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start 523# date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time 524# given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time). 525# 526# A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date 527# to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date, 528# but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in 529# USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder 530# why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which 531# changes two days later. 532 533# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11): 534# Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving 535# time: Energy conservation?"- No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally 536# published on Monday, June 30, 2008... 537# 538# I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction 539# de l'heure d'été" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26 540# and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one.... 541# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html 542 543# From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03): 544# The Government of Mauritius weblink 545# http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 546# Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows: 547# 548# 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly 549# of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in 550# Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of 551# the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United 552# States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the 553# last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on 554# the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the 555# year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008 556# and end on 29 March 2009. 557 558# From Ed Maste (2008-10-07): 559# THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the 560# beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the 561# morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March. 562# http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf 563 564# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05): 565# According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe 566# DST the coming summer... 567# 568# Some sources, in French: 569# http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB 570# http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints- 571# 572# Our wrap-up: 573# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html 574 575# From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11): 576# The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this: 577# "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour 578# at 2am (or 02:00) local time..." 579 580# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 581Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 - 582Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 - 583Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 584Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 585# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 586Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis 587 4:00 Mauritius +04/+05 588# Agalega Is, Rodriguez 589# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius 590 591# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 592# Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between 593# 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008. 594# 595# "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will 596# be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to 597# Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...." 598# 599# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html 600# http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html 601 602# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 603# The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe 604# Presse: 605# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view 606# 607# Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt. 608# spokesman. 609 610# From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09): 611# According to this article: 612# https://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html 613# (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>) 614# the changes occur at midnight: 615# 616# Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be 617# interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday) 618# Sunday night the 28th at midnight 619# 620# Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say 621# the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and 622# Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive 623# June 1st to Sept 27th. 624# 625# The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree 626# published on the web. 627# 628# It's also confirmed here: 629# http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm 630# on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet 631# posted in English). 632# 633# The following Google query will generate many relevant hits: 634# https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search 635 636# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27): 637# Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31 638# and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end 639# of September: 640# 641# One article about it (in French): 642# http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default 643# 644# We have some further details posted here: 645# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html 646 647# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17): 648# Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according 649# to many sources, such as 650# http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html 651# http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312 652# (French) 653# 654# Our summary: 655# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html 656 657# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 658# Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre, 659# Ministère de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics 660# 661# Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 June 1967) 662# concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of 663# Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be 664# advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight. 665# 666# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf 667# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html 668 669# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13): 670# Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization 671# of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from 672# 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08. 673# 674# Example: 675# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html 676# (French) 677# Our page: 678# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html 679 680# From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30): 681# ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format) 682# The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00 683# The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00 684# ...Official links of change in morocco 685# The change was broadcast on the FM Radio 686# I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at 687# +212.537.71.84.00 688# http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/ 689# They said that 690# http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view 691# is the official publication to look at. 692# They said that the decision was already taken. 693# 694# More articles in the press 695# https://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html 696# http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923 697# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim 698 699# From Petr Machata (2011-03-30): 700# They have it written in English here: 701# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view 702# 703# It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31, 704# 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of 705# wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has 706# also been like that in the past. 707 708# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09): 709# According to Infomédiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma), 710# on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure légale: 711# Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'été 712# http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9 713# Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on 714# the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on 715# last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012) 716# except the month of Ramadan. 717# or (brief) 718# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html 719 720# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10): 721# The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in 722# effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day; 723# it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX. 724# Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about 725# start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX. 726 727# From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16): 728# Seen Morocco change again: 729# http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php 730# "...à partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars, 731# comme annoncé précédemment." 732 733# From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17): 734# The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government: 735# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French] 736# 737# Google translation, lightly edited: 738# Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT) 739# Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18, 740# 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the 741# Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry 742# of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return 743# of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until 744# Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from 745# 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes 746# August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am. 747 748# From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06): 749# Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be 750# announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government 751# announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be 752# 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see 753# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 754 755# From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02): 756# Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings 757# transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see: 758# http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10 759 760# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28): 761# Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day 762# before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for 763# this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00 764# to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official 765# source (French): 766# http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013 767# Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree): 768# http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html 769 770# From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18): 771# http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp 772 773# From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05): 774# The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return 775# to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time.... DST 776# will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014.... 777# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586 778 779# From Milamber (2015-06-08): 780# (Google Translation) The hour will thus be delayed 60 minutes 781# Sunday, June 14 at 3:00, the ministry said in a statement, adding 782# that the time will be advanced again 60 minutes Sunday, July 19, 783# 2015 at 2:00. The move comes under 2.12.126 Decree of 26 Jumada I 784# 1433 (18 April 2012) and the decision of the Head of Government of 785# 16 N. 3-29-15 Chaaban 1435 (4 June 2015). 786# Source (french): 787# https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/ 788# 789# From Milamber (2015-06-09): 790# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=863 791# 792# From Michael Deckers (2015-06-09): 793# [The gov.ma announcement] would (probably) make the switch on 2015-07-19 go 794# from 03:00 to 04:00 rather than from 02:00 to 03:00, as in the patch.... 795# I think the patch is correct and the quoted text is wrong; the text in 796# <https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/> agrees 797# with the patch. 798 799# From Mohamed Essedik Najd (2018-10-26): 800# Today, a Moroccan government council approved the perpetual addition 801# of 60 minutes to the regular Moroccan timezone. 802# From Matt Johnson (2018-10-28): 803# http://www.sgg.gov.ma/Portals/1/BO/2018/BO_6720-bis_Ar.pdf 804# 805# From Maamar Abdelkader (2018-11-01): 806# We usually move clocks back the previous week end and come back to the +1 807# the week end after.... The government does not announce yet the decision 808# about this temporary change. But it s 99% sure that it will be the case, 809# as in previous years. An unofficial survey was done these days, showing 810# that 64% of asked people are ok for moving from +1 to +0 during Ramadan. 811# https://leconomiste.com/article/1035870-enquete-l-economiste-sunergia-64-des-marocains-plebiscitent-le-gmt-pendant-ramadan 812 813# From Naoufal Semlali (2019-04-16): 814# Morocco will be on GMT starting from Sunday, May 5th 2019 at 3am. 815# The switch to GMT+1 will occur on Sunday, June 9th 2019 at 2am.... 816# http://fr.le360.ma/societe/voici-la-date-du-retour-a-lheure-legale-au-maroc-188222 817 818# From Semlali Naoufal (2020-04-14): 819# Following the announcement by the Moroccan government, the switch to 820# GMT time will take place on Sunday, April 19, 2020 from 3 a.m. and 821# the return to GMT+1 time will take place on Sunday, May 31, 2020 at 2 a.m.... 822# https://maroc-diplomatique.net/maroc-le-retour-a-lheure-gmt-est-prevu-dimanche-prochain/ 823# http://aujourdhui.ma/actualite/gmt1-retour-a-lheure-normale-dimanche-prochain-1 824# 825# From Milamber (2020-05-31) 826# In Morocco (where I live), the end of Ramadan (Arabic month) is followed by 827# the Eid al-Fitr, and concretely it's 1 or 2 day offs for the people (with 828# traditional visiting of family, big lunches/dinners, etc.). So for this 829# year the astronomical calculations don't include the following 2 days off in 830# the calc. These 2 days fall in a Sunday/Monday, so it's not acceptable by 831# people to have a time shift during these 2 days off. Perhaps you can modify 832# the (predicted) rules for next years: if the end of Ramadan is a (probable) 833# Friday or Saturday (and so the 2 days off are on a weekend), the next time 834# shift will be the next weekend. 835# 836# From Paul Eggert (2020-05-31): 837# For now, guess that in the future Morocco will fall back at 03:00 838# the last Sunday before Ramadan, and spring forward at 02:00 the 839# first Sunday after two days after Ramadan. To implement this, 840# transition dates and times for 2019 through 2087 were determined by 841# running the following program under GNU Emacs 26.3. (This algorithm 842# also produces the correct transition dates for 2016 through 2018, 843# though the times differ due to Morocco's time zone change in 2018.) 844# (let ((islamic-year 1440)) 845# (require 'cal-islam) 846# (while (< islamic-year 1511) 847# (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))) 848# (b (+ 2 (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))) 849# (sunday 0)) 850# (while (/= sunday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7))) 851# (while (/= sunday (mod b 7)) 852# (setq b (1+ b))) 853# (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a)) 854# (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b)) 855# (insert 856# (format 857# (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t-1:00\t-\n" 858# "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t0\t-\n") 859# (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a)) 860# (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b))))) 861# (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year)))) 862# 863# From Milamber (2021-03-31, 2022-03-10), confirming these predictions: 864# https://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=2076 865# https://www.ecoactu.ma/horaires-administration-ramadan-gmtheure-gmt-a-partir-de-dimanche-27-mars/ 866 867# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 868Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 - 869Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 - 870Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 - 871Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 - 872Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 - 873Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 - 874Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 - 875Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 876Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 - 877Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 878Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 - 879Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 880Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 881Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - 882Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 883Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - 884Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 885Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - 886Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 - 887Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 - 888Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 - 889Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 - 890Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0:00 0 - 891Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 892Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 - 893Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 - 894Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 895Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 - 896Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 - 897Rule Morocco 2013 2018 - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - 898Rule Morocco 2014 2018 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 899Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 28 3:00 0 - 900Rule Morocco 2014 only - Aug 2 2:00 1:00 - 901Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 14 3:00 0 - 902Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 19 2:00 1:00 - 903Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 5 3:00 0 - 904Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 10 2:00 1:00 - 905Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 21 3:00 0 - 906Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jul 2 2:00 1:00 - 907Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 13 3:00 0 - 908Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 17 2:00 1:00 - 909Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 5 3:00 -1:00 - 910Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 9 2:00 0 - 911Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 19 3:00 -1:00 - 912Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 31 2:00 0 - 913Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 11 3:00 -1:00 - 914Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 16 2:00 0 - 915Rule Morocco 2022 only - Mar 27 3:00 -1:00 - 916Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 8 2:00 0 - 917Rule Morocco 2023 only - Mar 19 3:00 -1:00 - 918Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 30 2:00 0 - 919Rule Morocco 2024 only - Mar 10 3:00 -1:00 - 920Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 14 2:00 0 - 921Rule Morocco 2025 only - Feb 23 3:00 -1:00 - 922Rule Morocco 2025 only - Apr 6 2:00 0 - 923Rule Morocco 2026 only - Feb 15 3:00 -1:00 - 924Rule Morocco 2026 only - Mar 22 2:00 0 - 925Rule Morocco 2027 only - Feb 7 3:00 -1:00 - 926Rule Morocco 2027 only - Mar 14 2:00 0 - 927Rule Morocco 2028 only - Jan 23 3:00 -1:00 - 928Rule Morocco 2028 only - Mar 5 2:00 0 - 929Rule Morocco 2029 only - Jan 14 3:00 -1:00 - 930Rule Morocco 2029 only - Feb 18 2:00 0 - 931Rule Morocco 2029 only - Dec 30 3:00 -1:00 - 932Rule Morocco 2030 only - Feb 10 2:00 0 - 933Rule Morocco 2030 only - Dec 22 3:00 -1:00 - 934Rule Morocco 2031 only - Feb 2 2:00 0 - 935Rule Morocco 2031 only - Dec 14 3:00 -1:00 - 936Rule Morocco 2032 only - Jan 18 2:00 0 - 937Rule Morocco 2032 only - Nov 28 3:00 -1:00 - 938Rule Morocco 2033 only - Jan 9 2:00 0 - 939Rule Morocco 2033 only - Nov 20 3:00 -1:00 - 940Rule Morocco 2033 only - Dec 25 2:00 0 - 941Rule Morocco 2034 only - Nov 5 3:00 -1:00 - 942Rule Morocco 2034 only - Dec 17 2:00 0 - 943Rule Morocco 2035 only - Oct 28 3:00 -1:00 - 944Rule Morocco 2035 only - Dec 9 2:00 0 - 945Rule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 19 3:00 -1:00 - 946Rule Morocco 2036 only - Nov 23 2:00 0 - 947Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 4 3:00 -1:00 - 948Rule Morocco 2037 only - Nov 15 2:00 0 - 949Rule Morocco 2038 only - Sep 26 3:00 -1:00 - 950Rule Morocco 2038 only - Nov 7 2:00 0 - 951Rule Morocco 2039 only - Sep 18 3:00 -1:00 - 952Rule Morocco 2039 only - Oct 23 2:00 0 - 953Rule Morocco 2040 only - Sep 2 3:00 -1:00 - 954Rule Morocco 2040 only - Oct 14 2:00 0 - 955Rule Morocco 2041 only - Aug 25 3:00 -1:00 - 956Rule Morocco 2041 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 - 957Rule Morocco 2042 only - Aug 10 3:00 -1:00 - 958Rule Morocco 2042 only - Sep 21 2:00 0 - 959Rule Morocco 2043 only - Aug 2 3:00 -1:00 - 960Rule Morocco 2043 only - Sep 13 2:00 0 - 961Rule Morocco 2044 only - Jul 24 3:00 -1:00 - 962Rule Morocco 2044 only - Aug 28 2:00 0 - 963Rule Morocco 2045 only - Jul 9 3:00 -1:00 - 964Rule Morocco 2045 only - Aug 20 2:00 0 - 965Rule Morocco 2046 only - Jul 1 3:00 -1:00 - 966Rule Morocco 2046 only - Aug 12 2:00 0 - 967Rule Morocco 2047 only - Jun 23 3:00 -1:00 - 968Rule Morocco 2047 only - Jul 28 2:00 0 - 969Rule Morocco 2048 only - Jun 7 3:00 -1:00 - 970Rule Morocco 2048 only - Jul 19 2:00 0 - 971Rule Morocco 2049 only - May 30 3:00 -1:00 - 972Rule Morocco 2049 only - Jul 4 2:00 0 - 973Rule Morocco 2050 only - May 15 3:00 -1:00 - 974Rule Morocco 2050 only - Jun 26 2:00 0 - 975Rule Morocco 2051 only - May 7 3:00 -1:00 - 976Rule Morocco 2051 only - Jun 18 2:00 0 - 977Rule Morocco 2052 only - Apr 28 3:00 -1:00 - 978Rule Morocco 2052 only - Jun 2 2:00 0 - 979Rule Morocco 2053 only - Apr 13 3:00 -1:00 - 980Rule Morocco 2053 only - May 25 2:00 0 - 981Rule Morocco 2054 only - Apr 5 3:00 -1:00 - 982Rule Morocco 2054 only - May 17 2:00 0 - 983Rule Morocco 2055 only - Mar 28 3:00 -1:00 - 984Rule Morocco 2055 only - May 2 2:00 0 - 985Rule Morocco 2056 only - Mar 12 3:00 -1:00 - 986Rule Morocco 2056 only - Apr 23 2:00 0 - 987Rule Morocco 2057 only - Mar 4 3:00 -1:00 - 988Rule Morocco 2057 only - Apr 8 2:00 0 - 989Rule Morocco 2058 only - Feb 17 3:00 -1:00 - 990Rule Morocco 2058 only - Mar 31 2:00 0 - 991Rule Morocco 2059 only - Feb 9 3:00 -1:00 - 992Rule Morocco 2059 only - Mar 23 2:00 0 - 993Rule Morocco 2060 only - Feb 1 3:00 -1:00 - 994Rule Morocco 2060 only - Mar 7 2:00 0 - 995Rule Morocco 2061 only - Jan 16 3:00 -1:00 - 996Rule Morocco 2061 only - Feb 27 2:00 0 - 997Rule Morocco 2062 only - Jan 8 3:00 -1:00 - 998Rule Morocco 2062 only - Feb 19 2:00 0 - 999Rule Morocco 2062 only - Dec 31 3:00 -1:00 - 1000Rule Morocco 2063 only - Feb 4 2:00 0 - 1001Rule Morocco 2063 only - Dec 16 3:00 -1:00 - 1002Rule Morocco 2064 only - Jan 27 2:00 0 - 1003Rule Morocco 2064 only - Dec 7 3:00 -1:00 - 1004Rule Morocco 2065 only - Jan 11 2:00 0 - 1005Rule Morocco 2065 only - Nov 22 3:00 -1:00 - 1006Rule Morocco 2066 only - Jan 3 2:00 0 - 1007Rule Morocco 2066 only - Nov 14 3:00 -1:00 - 1008Rule Morocco 2066 only - Dec 26 2:00 0 - 1009Rule Morocco 2067 only - Nov 6 3:00 -1:00 - 1010Rule Morocco 2067 only - Dec 11 2:00 0 - 1011Rule Morocco 2068 only - Oct 21 3:00 -1:00 - 1012Rule Morocco 2068 only - Dec 2 2:00 0 - 1013Rule Morocco 2069 only - Oct 13 3:00 -1:00 - 1014Rule Morocco 2069 only - Nov 24 2:00 0 - 1015Rule Morocco 2070 only - Oct 5 3:00 -1:00 - 1016Rule Morocco 2070 only - Nov 9 2:00 0 - 1017Rule Morocco 2071 only - Sep 20 3:00 -1:00 - 1018Rule Morocco 2071 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 - 1019Rule Morocco 2072 only - Sep 11 3:00 -1:00 - 1020Rule Morocco 2072 only - Oct 16 2:00 0 - 1021Rule Morocco 2073 only - Aug 27 3:00 -1:00 - 1022Rule Morocco 2073 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 1023Rule Morocco 2074 only - Aug 19 3:00 -1:00 - 1024Rule Morocco 2074 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 1025Rule Morocco 2075 only - Aug 11 3:00 -1:00 - 1026Rule Morocco 2075 only - Sep 15 2:00 0 - 1027Rule Morocco 2076 only - Jul 26 3:00 -1:00 - 1028Rule Morocco 2076 only - Sep 6 2:00 0 - 1029Rule Morocco 2077 only - Jul 18 3:00 -1:00 - 1030Rule Morocco 2077 only - Aug 29 2:00 0 - 1031Rule Morocco 2078 only - Jul 10 3:00 -1:00 - 1032Rule Morocco 2078 only - Aug 14 2:00 0 - 1033Rule Morocco 2079 only - Jun 25 3:00 -1:00 - 1034Rule Morocco 2079 only - Aug 6 2:00 0 - 1035Rule Morocco 2080 only - Jun 16 3:00 -1:00 - 1036Rule Morocco 2080 only - Jul 21 2:00 0 - 1037Rule Morocco 2081 only - Jun 1 3:00 -1:00 - 1038Rule Morocco 2081 only - Jul 13 2:00 0 - 1039Rule Morocco 2082 only - May 24 3:00 -1:00 - 1040Rule Morocco 2082 only - Jul 5 2:00 0 - 1041Rule Morocco 2083 only - May 16 3:00 -1:00 - 1042Rule Morocco 2083 only - Jun 20 2:00 0 - 1043Rule Morocco 2084 only - Apr 30 3:00 -1:00 - 1044Rule Morocco 2084 only - Jun 11 2:00 0 - 1045Rule Morocco 2085 only - Apr 22 3:00 -1:00 - 1046Rule Morocco 2085 only - Jun 3 2:00 0 - 1047Rule Morocco 2086 only - Apr 14 3:00 -1:00 - 1048Rule Morocco 2086 only - May 19 2:00 0 - 1049Rule Morocco 2087 only - Mar 30 3:00 -1:00 - 1050Rule Morocco 2087 only - May 11 2:00 0 - 1051# For dates after the somewhat-arbitrary cutoff of 2087, assume that 1052# Morocco will no longer observe DST. At some point this table will 1053# need to be extended, though quite possibly Morocco will change the 1054# rules first. 1055 1056# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1057Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26 1058 0:00 Morocco +00/+01 1984 Mar 16 1059 1:00 - +01 1986 1060 0:00 Morocco +00/+01 2018 Oct 28 3:00 1061 1:00 Morocco +01/+00 1062 1063# Western Sahara 1064# 1065# From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22): 1066# A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters 1067# ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as 1068# Morocco does. 1069# 1070# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23): 1071# Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT, 1072# since most of it was then controlled by Morocco. 1073 1074Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aaiún 1075 -1:00 - -01 1976 Apr 14 1076 0:00 Morocco +00/+01 2018 Oct 28 3:00 1077 1:00 Morocco +01/+00 1078 1079# Botswana 1080# Burundi 1081# Democratic Republic of the Congo (eastern) 1082# Malawi 1083# Mozambique 1084# Rwanda 1085# Zambia 1086# Zimbabwe 1087# 1088# Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT. 1089# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 1090# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 1091# merely made it official? 1092# 1093# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1094Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar 1095 2:00 - CAT 1096 1097# Namibia 1098 1099# From Arthur David Olson (2017-08-09): 1100# The text of the "Namibia Time Act, 1994" is available online at 1101# www.lac.org.na/laws/1994/811.pdf 1102# and includes this nugget: 1103# Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (2) of section 1, the 1104# first winter period after the commencement of this Act shall 1105# commence at OOhOO on Monday 21 March 1994 and shall end at 02h00 on 1106# Sunday 4 September 1994. 1107 1108# From Michael Deckers (2017-04-06): 1109# ... both summer and winter time are called "standard" 1110# (which differs from the use in Ireland) ... 1111 1112# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30): 1113# http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html 1114# While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other 1115# settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there 1116# rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of 1117# Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of 1118# the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest 1119# of the country. 1120# 1121# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-22): 1122# Although the Zambezi Region (formerly known as Caprivi) informally 1123# observes Botswana time, we have no details about historical practice. 1124# In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone. 1125# See: Immanuel S. The Namibian. 2017-02-23. 1126# https://www.namibian.com.na/51480/read/Time-change-divides-lawmakers 1127 1128# From Steffen Thorsen (2017-08-09): 1129# Namibia is going to change their time zone to what is now their DST: 1130# https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/ 1131# This video is from the government decision: 1132# https://www.nbc.na/news/na-passes-namibia-time-bill-repealing-1994-namibia-time-act.8665 1133# We have made the assumption so far that they will change their time zone at 1134# the same time they would normally start DST, the first Sunday in September: 1135# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/namibia-new-time-zone.html 1136 1137# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-09): 1138# Before the change, summer and winter time were both standard time legally. 1139# However in common parlance, winter time was considered to be DST. See, e.g.: 1140# http://www.nbc.na/news/namibias-winter-time-could-be-scrapped.2706 1141# https://zone.my.na/news/times-are-changing-in-namibia 1142# https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/ 1143# Use plain "WAT" and "CAT" for the time zone abbreviations, to be compatible 1144# with Namibia's neighbors. 1145 1146# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1147# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST. 1148Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 -1:00 WAT 1149Rule Namibia 1994 2017 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 0 CAT 1150Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 -1:00 WAT 1151# Rearguard section, for parsers lacking negative DST; see ziguard.awk. 1152#Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 WAT 1153#Rule Namibia 1994 2017 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 CAT 1154#Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 WAT 1155# End of rearguard section. 1156 1157# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1158Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1159 1:30 - +0130 1903 Mar 1160 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00 1161 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00 1162 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence 1163# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST. 1164 2:00 Namibia %s 1165# Rearguard section, for parsers lacking negative DST; see ziguard.awk. 1166# 2:00 - CAT 1994 Mar 21 0:00 1167# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-07): 1168# The official date of the 2017 rule change was 2017-10-24. See: 1169# http://www.lac.org.na/laws/annoSTAT/Namibian%20Time%20Act%209%20of%202017.pdf 1170# 1:00 Namibia %s 2017 Oct 24 1171# 2:00 - CAT 1172# End of rearguard section. 1173 1174 1175# Angola 1176# Benin 1177# Cameroon 1178# Central African Republic 1179# Democratic Republic of the Congo (western) 1180# Republic of the Congo 1181# Equatorial Guinea 1182# Gabon 1183# Niger 1184# Nigeria 1185 1186# From P Chan (2020-12-03): 1187# GMT was adopted as the standard time of Lagos on 1905-07-01. 1188# Lagos Weekly Record, 1905-06-24, p 3 1189# http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31558#?c=0&m=668&s=0&cv=2&r=0&xywh=1446%2C5221%2C1931%2C1235 1190# says "It is officially notified that on and after the 1st of July 1905 1191# Greenwich Mean Solar Time will be adopted thought the Colony and 1192# Protectorate, and that it will be necessary to put all clocks 13 minutes and 1193# 35 seconds back, recording local mean time." 1194# 1195# It seemed that Lagos returned to LMT on 1908-07-01. 1196# [The Lagos Standard], 1908-07-01, p 5 1197# http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31556#?c=0&m=78&s=0&cv=4&r=0&xywh=-92%2C3590%2C3944%2C2523 1198# says "Scarcely have the people become accustomed to this new time, when 1199# another official notice has now appeared announcing that from and after the 1200# 1st July next, return will be made to local mean time." 1201# 1202# From P Chan (2020-11-27): 1203# On 1914-01-01, standard time of GMT+0:30 was adopted for the unified Nigeria. 1204# Colonial Reports - Annual. No. 878. Nigeria. Report for 1914. (April 1916), 1205# p 27 1206# https://libsysdigi.library.illinois.edu/ilharvest/Africana/Books2011-05/3064634/3064634_1914/3064634_1914_opt.pdf#page=27 1207# "On January 1st [1914], a universal standard time for Nigeria was adopted, 1208# viz., half an hour fast on Greenwich mean time, corresponding to the meridian 1209# 7 [degrees] 30' E. long." 1210# Lloyd's Register of Shipping (1915) says "Hitherto the time observed in Lagos 1211# was the local mean time. On 1st January, 1914, standard time for the whole of 1212# Nigeria was introduced ... Lagos time has been advanced about 16 minutes 1213# accordingly." 1214# 1215# In 1919, standard time was changed to GMT+1. 1216# Interpretation Ordinance (Cap 2) 1217# The Laws of Nigeria, Containing the Ordinances of Nigeria, in Force on the 1218# 1st Day of January, 1923, Vol.I [p 16] 1219# https://books.google.com/books?id=BOMrAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA16 1220# "The expression 'Standard time' means standard time as used in Nigeria: 1221# namely, 60 minutes in advance of Greenwich mean time. (As amended by 18 of 1222# 1919, s. 2.)" 1223# From Tim Parenti (2020-12-10): 1224# The Lagos Weekly Record, 1919-09-20, p 3 details discussion on the first 1225# reading of this Bill by the Legislative Council of the Colony of Nigeria on 1226# Thursday 1919-08-28: 1227# http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31558?terms&item_id=303484#?m=1118&c=1&s=0&cv=2&r=0&xywh=1261%2C3408%2C2994%2C1915 1228# "The proposal is that the Globe should be divided into twelve zones East and 1229# West of Greenwich, of one hour each, Nigeria falling into the zone with a 1230# standard of one hour fast on Greenwich Mean Time. Nigeria standard time is 1231# now 30 minutes in advance of Greenwich Mean Time ... according to the new 1232# proposal, standard time will be advanced another 30 minutes". It was further 1233# proposed that the firing of the time guns likewise be adjusted by 30 minutes 1234# to compensate. 1235# From Tim Parenti (2020-12-10), per P Chan (2020-12-11): 1236# The text of Ordinance 18 of 1919, published in Nigeria Gazette, Vol 6, No 52, 1237# shows that the change was assented to the following day and took effect "on 1238# the 1st day of September, 1919." 1239# Nigeria Gazette and Supplements 1919 Jan-Dec, Reference: 73266B-40, 1240# img 245-246 1241# https://microform.digital/boa/collections/77/volumes/539/nigeria-lagos-1887-1919 1242 1243# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1244Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:35 - LMT 1905 Jul 1 1245 0:00 - GMT 1908 Jul 1 1246 0:13:35 - LMT 1914 Jan 1 1247 0:30 - +0030 1919 Sep 1 1248 1:00 - WAT 1249 1250# São Tomé and Príncipe 1251 1252# See Europe/Lisbon for info about the 1912 transition. 1253 1254# From Steffen Thorsen (2018-01-08): 1255# Multiple sources tell that São Tomé changed from UTC to UTC+1 as 1256# they entered the year 2018. 1257# From Michael Deckers (2018-01-08): 1258# the switch is from 01:00 to 02:00 ... [Decree No. 25/2017] 1259# http://www.mnec.gov.st/index.php/publicacoes/documentos/file/90-decreto-lei-n-25-2017 1260 1261# From Vadim Nasardinov (2018-12-29): 1262# São Tomé and Príncipe is about to do the following on Jan 1, 2019: 1263# https://www.stp-press.st/2018/12/05/governo-jesus-ja-decidiu-repor-hora-legal-sao-tomense/ 1264# 1265# From Michael Deckers (2018-12-30): 1266# https://www.legis-palop.org/download.jsp?idFile=102818 1267# ... [The legal time of the country, which coincides with universal 1268# coordinated time, will be reinstituted at 2 o'clock on day 1 of January, 2019.] 1269 1270Zone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884 1271 #STDOFF -0:36:44.68 1272 -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 00:00u # Lisbon MT 1273 0:00 - GMT 2018 Jan 1 01:00 1274 1:00 - WAT 2019 Jan 1 02:00 1275 0:00 - GMT 1276 1277# Eswatini (Swaziland) 1278# Lesotho 1279# South Africa 1280 1281# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1282Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 - 1283Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 1284# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1285Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1286 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 1287 2:00 SA SAST 1288# 1289# Marion and Prince Edward Is 1290# scientific station since 1947 1291# no information 1292 1293# Sudan 1294 1295# From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html> 1296# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13), 1297# also reported by Michaël De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen: 1298# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon 1299# Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for 1300# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin. 1301 1302# From Ahmed Atyya, National Telecommunications Corp. (NTC), Sudan (2017-10-17): 1303# ... the Republic of Sudan is going to change the time zone from (GMT+3:00) 1304# to (GMT+ 2:00) starting from Wednesday 1 November 2017. 1305# 1306# From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18): 1307# A scanned copy (in Arabic) of Cabinet Resolution No. 352 for the 1308# year 2017 can be found as an attachment in email today from Yahia 1309# Abdalla of NTC, archived at: 1310# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2017-October/025333.html 1311 1312# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1313Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1314Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 - 1315Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1316Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1317# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1318Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931 1319 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1320 3:00 - EAT 2017 Nov 1 1321 2:00 - CAT 1322 1323# South Sudan 1324 1325# From Steffen Thorsen (2021-01-18): 1326# "South Sudan will change its time zone by setting the clock back 1 1327# hour on February 1, 2021...." 1328# from https://eyeradio.org/south-sudan-adopts-new-time-zone-makuei/ 1329 1330# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1331Zone Africa/Juba 2:06:28 - LMT 1931 1332 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1333 3:00 - EAT 2021 Feb 1 00:00 1334 2:00 - CAT 1335 1336# Tunisia 1337 1338# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30): 1339# My correspondent, Risto Nykänen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST, 1340# this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News 1341# <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP 1342# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by 1343# one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be 1344# UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next 1345# Saturday." (My translation) 1346# 1347# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02): 1348# La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ... 1349# http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html 1350# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30, 1351# 1h standard time. 1352# 1353# From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28): 1354# The daylight saving time will be the same each year: 1355# Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1356# Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ... 1357# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50 1358 1359# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16): 1360# According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year. 1361# (Arabic) 1362# http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546 1363# https://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp 1364# 1365# We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia. 1366# We have a wrap-up about this on the following page: 1367# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html 1368 1369# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 1370# Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency 1371# 1372# Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn): 1373# 1374# (in English) 1375# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157 1376# 1377# (in Arabic) 1378# http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1 1379 1380# From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18): 1381# The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is 1382# due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period 1383# concerned by summer time. Therefore, the standard time will be kept 1384# unchanged the whole year long." So foregoing DST seems to be an exception 1385# (albeit one that may be repeated in the future). 1386 1387# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27): 1388# According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010 1389# 1390# (translation): 1391# "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on 1392# Sunday... 1393# Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also 1394# coincided with the month of Ramadan..." 1395# 1396# (in Arabic) 1397# http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1 1398# http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036 1399# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html 1400 1401# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1402Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1403Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1404Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1405Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - 1406Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S 1407Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 1408Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 1409Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 - 1410Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S 1411Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1412Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 1413Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1414Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1415Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S 1416Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 - 1417Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1418Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1419Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1420Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1421Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S 1422Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1423Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1424Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 - 1425Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1426Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1427 1428# See Europe/Paris commentary for PMT-related transitions. 1429# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1430Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12 1431 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1432 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT 1433