xref: /illumos-gate/usr/src/data/zoneinfo/africa (revision 5d9d9091f564c198a760790b0bfa72c44e17912b)
1# tzdb data for Africa and environs
2
3# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
4# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
5
6# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
7# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
8# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
9# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
10
11# From Paul Eggert (2018-05-27):
12#
13# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
14# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
15# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
16# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
17#
18# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
19# for time zone data was the International Air Transport
20# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
21# published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
22# of the IATA's data after 1990.  Except where otherwise noted,
23# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
24#
25# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
26# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
27# I found in the UCLA library.
28#
29# For data circa 1899, a common source is:
30# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
31# https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
32#
33# European-style abbreviations are commonly used along the Mediterranean.
34# For sub-Saharan Africa abbreviations were less standardized.
35# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
36# for UT +00 through +03, respectively,
37# but in 1997 Mark R V Murray reported that
38# 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +02 in the country of South Africa,
39# 'CAT' is commonly used for +02 in countries north of South Africa, and
40# 'WAT' is probably the best name for +01, as the common phrase for
41# the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa".
42#
43# To summarize, the following abbreviations seemed to have some currency:
44#	 +00	GMT	Greenwich Mean Time
45#	 +02	CAT	Central Africa Time
46#	 +02	SAST	South Africa Standard Time
47# and Murray suggested the following abbreviation:
48#	 +01	WAT	West Africa Time
49# Murray's suggestion seems to have caught on in news reports and the like.
50# I vaguely recall 'WAT' also being used for -01 in the past but
51# cannot now come up with solid citations.
52#
53# I invented the following abbreviations in the 1990s:
54#	 +02	WAST	West Africa Summer Time
55#	 +03	CAST	Central Africa Summer Time
56#	 +03	SAST	South Africa Summer Time
57#	 +03	EAT	East Africa Time
58# 'EAT' seems to have caught on and is in current timestamps, and though
59# the other abbreviations are rarer and are only in past timestamps,
60# they are paired with better-attested non-DST abbreviations.
61# Corrections are welcome.
62
63# Algeria
64# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
65Rule	Algeria	1916	only	-	Jun	14	23:00s	1:00	S
66Rule	Algeria	1916	1919	-	Oct	Sun>=1	23:00s	0	-
67Rule	Algeria	1917	only	-	Mar	24	23:00s	1:00	S
68Rule	Algeria	1918	only	-	Mar	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
69Rule	Algeria	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00s	1:00	S
70Rule	Algeria	1920	only	-	Feb	14	23:00s	1:00	S
71Rule	Algeria	1920	only	-	Oct	23	23:00s	0	-
72Rule	Algeria	1921	only	-	Mar	14	23:00s	1:00	S
73Rule	Algeria	1921	only	-	Jun	21	23:00s	0	-
74Rule	Algeria	1939	only	-	Sep	11	23:00s	1:00	S
75Rule	Algeria	1939	only	-	Nov	19	 1:00	0	-
76Rule	Algeria	1944	1945	-	Apr	Mon>=1	 2:00	1:00	S
77Rule	Algeria	1944	only	-	Oct	 8	 2:00	0	-
78Rule	Algeria	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 1:00	0	-
79Rule	Algeria	1971	only	-	Apr	25	23:00s	1:00	S
80Rule	Algeria	1971	only	-	Sep	26	23:00s	0	-
81Rule	Algeria	1977	only	-	May	 6	 0:00	1:00	S
82Rule	Algeria	1977	only	-	Oct	21	 0:00	0	-
83Rule	Algeria	1978	only	-	Mar	24	 1:00	1:00	S
84Rule	Algeria	1978	only	-	Sep	22	 3:00	0	-
85Rule	Algeria	1980	only	-	Apr	25	 0:00	1:00	S
86Rule	Algeria	1980	only	-	Oct	31	 2:00	0	-
87# See Europe/Paris for PMT-related transitions.
88# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
89Zone	Africa/Algiers	0:12:12 -	LMT	1891 Mar 16
90			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
91			0:00	Algeria	WE%sT	1940 Feb 25  2:00
92			1:00	Algeria	CE%sT	1946 Oct  7
93			0:00	-	WET	1956 Jan 29
94			1:00	-	CET	1963 Apr 14
95			0:00	Algeria	WE%sT	1977 Oct 21
96			1:00	Algeria	CE%sT	1979 Oct 26
97			0:00	Algeria	WE%sT	1981 May
98			1:00	-	CET
99
100# Cape Verde / Cabo Verde
101#
102# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16):
103# Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to +02.
104# For now, ignore that and follow the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
105# (see Europe/Lisbon).
106#
107# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
108Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 -	LMT	1912 Jan 01  2:00u # Praia
109			-2:00	-	-02	1942 Sep
110			-2:00	1:00	-01	1945 Oct 15
111			-2:00	-	-02	1975 Nov 25  2:00
112			-1:00	-	-01
113
114# Chad
115# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
116Zone	Africa/Ndjamena	1:00:12 -	LMT	1912        # N'Djamena
117			1:00	-	WAT	1979 Oct 14
118			1:00	1:00	WAST	1980 Mar  8
119			1:00	-	WAT
120
121# Burkina Faso
122# Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast)
123# The Gambia
124# Ghana
125# Guinea
126# Iceland
127# Mali
128# Mauritania
129# St Helena
130# Senegal
131# Sierra Leone
132# Togo
133
134# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
135#	Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA
136#	Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA
137#	Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously):
138#		on GMT, says the CIA
139#	Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited
140
141# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
142Zone	Africa/Abidjan	-0:16:08 -	LMT	1912
143			 0:00	-	GMT
144
145###############################################################################
146
147# Egypt
148
149# Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh
150# observatory.  Milne also says that the official time for
151# Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this
152# did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said.
153
154# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
155Rule	Egypt	1940	only	-	Jul	15	0:00	1:00	S
156Rule	Egypt	1940	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
157Rule	Egypt	1941	only	-	Apr	15	0:00	1:00	S
158Rule	Egypt	1941	only	-	Sep	16	0:00	0	-
159Rule	Egypt	1942	1944	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
160Rule	Egypt	1942	only	-	Oct	27	0:00	0	-
161Rule	Egypt	1943	1945	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	-
162Rule	Egypt	1945	only	-	Apr	16	0:00	1:00	S
163Rule	Egypt	1957	only	-	May	10	0:00	1:00	S
164Rule	Egypt	1957	1958	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
165Rule	Egypt	1958	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
166Rule	Egypt	1959	1981	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
167Rule	Egypt	1959	1965	-	Sep	30	3:00	0	-
168Rule	Egypt	1966	1994	-	Oct	 1	3:00	0	-
169Rule	Egypt	1982	only	-	Jul	25	1:00	1:00	S
170Rule	Egypt	1983	only	-	Jul	12	1:00	1:00	S
171Rule	Egypt	1984	1988	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
172Rule	Egypt	1989	only	-	May	 6	1:00	1:00	S
173Rule	Egypt	1990	1994	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
174# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00.
175# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29.
176
177# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20):
178# "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight
179# saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of
180# Egyptians would approve the cancellation."
181#
182# Egypt to cancel daylight saving time
183# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168
184# or
185# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html
186Rule	Egypt	1995	2010	-	Apr	lastFri	 0:00s	1:00	S
187Rule	Egypt	1995	2005	-	Sep	lastThu	24:00	0	-
188# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19):
189# The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports:
190# Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday
191# after observing the daylight saving time since May.
192# http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf
193Rule	Egypt	2006	only	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
194# From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14):
195# I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight
196# saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07.
197# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:]
198# http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm
199# https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53
200# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...:
201# http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm
202Rule	Egypt	2007	only	-	Sep	Thu>=1	24:00	0	-
203# From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06):
204# Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter
205# than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each
206# year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite
207# hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by
208# shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently,
209# unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008.
210# From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
211# For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August.
212
213# From Petr Machata (2009-04-06):
214# The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited):
215#
216# > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009
217# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo  Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
218# Apr 23
219# > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
220# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo  Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri =
221# Apr 24
222# > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
223# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo  Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
224# Aug 27
225# > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
226# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo  Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu =
227# Aug 27
228# > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
229#
230# > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59=
231# :59)
232# > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/
233#
234# timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that.
235#
236# [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263
237# [2] https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53
238# [3] https://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/
239
240# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20):
241# In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth
242# Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday
243# in September.
244
245# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11):
246# We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet
247# Information and Decision Support Center:
248# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html
249#
250# The Middle East News Agency
251# https://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx
252# also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21"
253# today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT."
254# Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service,
255# and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine
256# (at least today).
257
258# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20):
259# According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has
260# decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during
261# Ramadan.
262#
263# Arabic translation:
264# "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again"
265# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again
266# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html
267
268# From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07):
269# Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15
270# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx
271
272# From Gunther Vermier (2014-05-13):
273# our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00)
274
275# From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04):
276# We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes
277# in Egypt.  The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at
278# http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ...
279# [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ...
280# translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to
281# take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014,
282# to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014,
283# and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve
284# o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014."  This statement has been
285# reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]...
286# http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258
287
288# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04):
289# Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says
290# the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited
291# above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption.  There is
292# no information about when DST will end this fall.  See:
293# http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833
294
295# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-04-08):
296# Egypt will start DST on midnight after Thursday, April 30, 2015.
297# This is based on a law (no 35) from May 15, 2014 saying it starts the last
298# Thursday of April....  Clocks will still be turned back for Ramadan, but
299# dates not yet announced....
300# http://almogaz.com/news/weird-news/2015/04/05/1947105 ...
301# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-starts-dst-2015.html
302
303# From Ahmed Nazmy (2015-04-20):
304# Egypt's ministers cabinet just announced ... that it will cancel DST at
305# least for 2015.
306#
307# From Tim Parenti (2015-04-20):
308# http://english.ahram.org.eg/WriterArticles/NewsContentP/1/128195/Egypt/No-daylight-saving-this-summer-Egypts-prime-minist.aspx
309# "Egypt's cabinet agreed on Monday not to switch clocks for daylight saving
310# time this summer, and carry out studies on the possibility of canceling the
311# practice altogether in future years."
312#
313# From Paul Eggert (2015-04-24):
314# Yesterday the office of Egyptian President El-Sisi announced his
315# decision to abandon DST permanently.  See Ahram Online 2015-04-24.
316# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/128509/Egypt/Politics-/Sisi-cancels-daylight-saving-time-in-Egypt.aspx
317
318# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-04-29):
319# Egypt will have DST from July 7 until the end of October....
320# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/1/204655/Egypt/Daylight-savings-time-returning-to-Egypt-on--July.aspx
321# From Mina Samuel (2016-07-04):
322# Egyptian government took the decision to cancel the DST,
323
324Rule	Egypt	2008	only	-	Aug	lastThu	24:00	0	-
325Rule	Egypt	2009	only	-	Aug	20	24:00	0	-
326Rule	Egypt	2010	only	-	Aug	10	24:00	0	-
327Rule	Egypt	2010	only	-	Sep	 9	24:00	1:00	S
328Rule	Egypt	2010	only	-	Sep	lastThu	24:00	0	-
329Rule	Egypt	2014	only	-	May	15	24:00	1:00	S
330Rule	Egypt	2014	only	-	Jun	26	24:00	0	-
331Rule	Egypt	2014	only	-	Jul	31	24:00	1:00	S
332Rule	Egypt	2014	only	-	Sep	lastThu	24:00	0	-
333
334# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
335		#STDOFF	2:05:08.9
336Zone	Africa/Cairo	2:05:09 -	LMT	1900 Oct
337			2:00	Egypt	EE%sT
338
339# Guinea-Bissau
340#
341# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16):
342# Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT,
343# evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree
344# (see Europe/Lisbon) with the date that it took effect.
345#
346# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
347Zone	Africa/Bissau	-1:02:20 -	LMT	1912 Jan  1  1:00u
348			-1:00	-	-01	1975
349			 0:00	-	GMT
350
351# Comoros
352# Djibouti
353# Eritrea
354# Ethiopia
355# Kenya
356# Madagascar
357# Mayotte
358# Somalia
359# Tanzania
360# Uganda
361
362# From P Chan (2020-10-24):
363#
364# The standard time of GMT+2:30 was adopted in the East Africa Protectorate....
365# [The Official Gazette, 1908-05-01, p 274]
366# https://books.google.com/books?id=e-cAC-sjPSEC&pg=PA274
367#
368# At midnight on 30 June 1928 the clocks throughout Kenya was put forward
369# half an hour by the Alteration of Time Ordinance, 1928.
370# https://gazettes.africa/archive/ke/1928/ke-government-gazette-dated-1928-05-11-no-28.pdf
371# [Ordinance No. 11 of 1928, The Official Gazette, 1928-06-26, p 813]
372# https://books.google.com/books?id=2S0S6os32ZUC&pg=PA813
373#
374# The 1928 ordinance was repealed by the Alteration of Time (repeal) Ordinance,
375# 1929 and the time was restored to GMT+2:30 at midnight on 4 January 1930.
376# [Ordinance No. 97 of 1929, The Official Gazette, 1929-12-31, p 2701]
377# https://books.google.com/books?id=_g18jIZQlwwC&pg=PA2701
378#
379# The Alteration of Time Ordinance, 1936 changed the time to GMT+2:45
380# and repealed the previous ordinance at midnight on 31 December 1936.
381# [The Official Gazette, 1936-07-21, p 705]
382# https://books.google.com/books?id=K7j41z0aC5wC&pg=PA705
383#
384# The Defence (Amendment of Laws No. 120) Regulations changed the time
385# to GMT+3 at midnight on 31 July 1942.
386# [Kenya Official Gazette Supplement No. 32, 1942-07-21, p 331]
387# https://books.google.com/books?hl=zh-TW&id=c_E-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA331
388# The provision of the 1936 ordinance was not repealed and was later
389# incorporated in the Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance in 1948.
390# Although it was overridden by the 1942 regulations.
391# [The Laws of Kenya in force on 1948-09-21, Title I, Chapter 1, 31]
392# https://dds.crl.edu/item/217517 (p.101)
393# In 1950 the Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance was amended to adopt
394# GMT+3 permanently as the 1942 regulations were due to expire on 10 December.
395# https://books.google.com/books?id=jvR8mUDAwR0C&pg=PA787
396# [Ordinance No. 44 of 1950, Kenya Ordinances 1950, Vol. XXIX, p 294]
397# https://books.google.com/books?id=-_dQAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA294
398
399# From Paul Eggert (2020-10-24):
400# The 1908-05-01 announcement does not give an effective date,
401# so just say "1908 May".
402
403# From Paul Eggert (2018-09-11):
404# Unfortunately tzdb records only Western clock time in use in Ethiopia,
405# as the tzdb format is not up to properly recording a common Ethiopian
406# timekeeping practice that is based on solar time.  See:
407# Mortada D. If you have a meeting in Ethiopia, you'd better double
408# check the time. PRI's The World. 2015-01-30 15:15 -05.
409# https://www.pri.org/stories/2015-01-30/if-you-have-meeting-ethiopia-you-better-double-check-time
410
411# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
412Zone	Africa/Nairobi	2:27:16	-	LMT	1908 May
413			2:30	-	+0230	1928 Jun 30 24:00
414			3:00	-	EAT	1930 Jan  4 24:00
415			2:30	-	+0230	1936 Dec 31 24:00
416			2:45	-	+0245	1942 Jul 31 24:00
417			3:00	-	EAT
418
419# Liberia
420#
421# From Paul Eggert (2017-03-02):
422#
423# The Nautical Almanac for the Year 1970, p 264, is the source for -0:44:30.
424#
425# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch from a UT offset
426# that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes.  The 1972 change was on
427# 1972-01-07, according to an entry dated 1972-01-04 on p 330 of:
428# Presidential Papers: First year of the administration of
429# President William R. Tolbert, Jr., July 23, 1971-July 31, 1972.
430# Monrovia: Executive Mansion.
431#
432# Use the abbreviation "MMT" before 1972, as the more-accurate numeric
433# abbreviation "-004430" would be one byte over the POSIX limit.
434#
435# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
436Zone	Africa/Monrovia	-0:43:08 -	LMT	1882
437			-0:43:08 -	MMT	1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time
438			-0:44:30 -	MMT	1972 Jan 7 # approximately MMT
439			 0:00	-	GMT
440
441###############################################################################
442
443# Libya
444
445# From Even Scharning (2012-11-10):
446# Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10.
447# https://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/
448# Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc
449#
450# Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in
451# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html
452#
453# From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11):
454# Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1.
455# The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe
456# (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on
457# lastFri instead of lastSun).
458
459# From Even Scharning (2013-10-25):
460# The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was
461# cancelled yesterday....
462# https://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/
463#
464# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25):
465# For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UT +02.
466
467# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
468Rule	Libya	1951	only	-	Oct	14	2:00	1:00	S
469Rule	Libya	1952	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
470Rule	Libya	1953	only	-	Oct	 9	2:00	1:00	S
471Rule	Libya	1954	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
472Rule	Libya	1955	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	1:00	S
473Rule	Libya	1956	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
474Rule	Libya	1982	1984	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
475Rule	Libya	1982	1985	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
476Rule	Libya	1985	only	-	Apr	 6	0:00	1:00	S
477Rule	Libya	1986	only	-	Apr	 4	0:00	1:00	S
478Rule	Libya	1986	only	-	Oct	 3	0:00	0	-
479Rule	Libya	1987	1989	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
480Rule	Libya	1987	1989	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
481Rule	Libya	1997	only	-	Apr	 4	0:00	1:00	S
482Rule	Libya	1997	only	-	Oct	 4	0:00	0	-
483Rule	Libya	2013	only	-	Mar	lastFri	1:00	1:00	S
484Rule	Libya	2013	only	-	Oct	lastFri	2:00	0	-
485# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
486Zone	Africa/Tripoli	0:52:44 -	LMT	1920
487			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	1959
488			2:00	-	EET	1982
489			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	1990 May  4
490# The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger;
491# the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors.
492			2:00	-	EET	1996 Sep 30
493			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	1997 Oct  4
494			2:00	-	EET	2012 Nov 10  2:00
495			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	2013 Oct 25  2:00
496			2:00	-	EET
497
498# Mauritius
499
500# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25):
501# Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial
502# basis....
503# It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to
504# 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful....
505# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html
506
507# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25):
508# http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
509
510# From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30):
511# The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A
512# final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving
513# would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight.
514
515# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
516# Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger.
517
518# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10):
519# According to
520# http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216
521# (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier
522# than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31).  The new start
523# date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time
524# given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time).
525#
526# A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date
527# to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date,
528# but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in
529# USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder
530# why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which
531# changes two days later.
532
533# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11):
534# Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving
535# time: Energy conservation?"- No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally
536# published on Monday, June 30, 2008...
537#
538# I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction
539# de l'heure d'été" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26
540# and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one....
541# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html
542
543# From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03):
544# The Government of Mauritius weblink
545# http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
546# Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows:
547#
548# 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly
549# of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in
550# Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of
551# the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United
552# States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the
553# last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on
554# the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the
555# year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008
556# and end on 29 March 2009.
557
558# From Ed Maste (2008-10-07):
559# THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the
560# beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the
561# morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March.
562# http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf
563
564# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05):
565# According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe
566# DST the coming summer...
567#
568# Some sources, in French:
569# http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB
570# http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints-
571#
572# Our wrap-up:
573# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html
574
575# From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11):
576# The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this:
577# "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour
578# at 2am (or 02:00) local time..."
579
580# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
581Rule Mauritius	1982	only	-	Oct	10	0:00	1:00	-
582Rule Mauritius	1983	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	0	-
583Rule Mauritius	2008	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	-
584Rule Mauritius	2009	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	0	-
585# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
586Zone Indian/Mauritius	3:50:00 -	LMT	1907 # Port Louis
587			4:00 Mauritius	+04/+05
588# Agalega Is, Rodriguez
589# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
590
591# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
592# Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between
593# 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008.
594#
595# "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will
596# be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to
597# Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...."
598#
599# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html
600# http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html
601
602# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
603# The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe
604# Presse:
605# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view
606#
607# Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt.
608# spokesman.
609
610# From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09):
611# According to this article:
612# https://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html
613# (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>)
614# the changes occur at midnight:
615#
616# Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be
617# interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday)
618# Sunday night the 28th at midnight
619#
620# Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say
621# the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and
622# Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive
623# June 1st to Sept 27th.
624#
625# The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree
626# published on the web.
627#
628# It's also confirmed here:
629# http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm
630# on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet
631# posted in English).
632#
633# The following Google query will generate many relevant hits:
634# https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search
635
636# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27):
637# Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31
638# and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end
639# of September:
640#
641# One article about it (in French):
642# http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default
643#
644# We have some further details posted here:
645# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html
646
647# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17):
648# Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according
649# to many sources, such as
650# http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html
651# http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312
652# (French)
653#
654# Our summary:
655# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html
656
657# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
658# Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre,
659# Ministère de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics
660#
661# Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 June 1967)
662# concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of
663# Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be
664# advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight.
665#
666# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf
667# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html
668
669# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13):
670# Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization
671# of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from
672# 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08.
673#
674# Example:
675# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html
676# (French)
677# Our page:
678# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html
679
680# From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30):
681# ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format)
682# The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00
683# The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00
684# ...Official links of change in morocco
685# The change was broadcast on the FM Radio
686# I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at
687# +212.537.71.84.00
688# http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/
689# They said that
690# http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view
691# is the official publication to look at.
692# They said that the decision was already taken.
693#
694# More articles in the press
695# https://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html
696# http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923
697# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim
698
699# From Petr Machata (2011-03-30):
700# They have it written in English here:
701# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view
702#
703# It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31,
704# 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of
705# wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has
706# also been like that in the past.
707
708# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09):
709# According to Infomédiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma),
710# on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure légale:
711# Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'été
712# http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9
713# Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on
714# the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on
715# last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012)
716# except the month of Ramadan.
717# or (brief)
718# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html
719
720# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10):
721# The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in
722# effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day;
723# it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX.
724# Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about
725# start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX.
726
727# From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16):
728# Seen Morocco change again:
729# http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php
730# "...à partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars,
731# comme annoncé précédemment."
732
733# From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17):
734# The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government:
735# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French]
736#
737# Google translation, lightly edited:
738# Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT)
739# Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18,
740# 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the
741# Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry
742# of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return
743# of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until
744# Monday, August 20, 2012.  So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from
745# 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes
746# August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am.
747
748# From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06):
749# Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be
750# announced a bit in advance.  On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government
751# announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be
752# 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see
753# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288
754
755# From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02):
756# Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings
757# transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see:
758# http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10
759
760# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28):
761# Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day
762# before it was going to end.  There is a new decree (2.13.781) for
763# this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00
764# to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules.  Official
765# source (French):
766# http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013
767# Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree):
768# http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html
769
770# From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18):
771# http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp
772
773# From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05):
774# The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return
775# to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time....  DST
776# will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014....
777# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586
778
779# From Milamber (2015-06-08):
780# (Google Translation) The hour will thus be delayed 60 minutes
781# Sunday, June 14 at 3:00, the ministry said in a statement, adding
782# that the time will be advanced again 60 minutes Sunday, July 19,
783# 2015 at 2:00.  The move comes under 2.12.126 Decree of 26 Jumada I
784# 1433 (18 April 2012) and the decision of the Head of Government of
785# 16 N. 3-29-15 Chaaban 1435 (4 June 2015).
786# Source (french):
787# https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/
788#
789# From Milamber (2015-06-09):
790# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=863
791#
792# From Michael Deckers (2015-06-09):
793# [The gov.ma announcement] would (probably) make the switch on 2015-07-19 go
794# from 03:00 to 04:00 rather than from 02:00 to 03:00, as in the patch....
795# I think the patch is correct and the quoted text is wrong; the text in
796# <https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/> agrees
797# with the patch.
798
799# From Mohamed Essedik Najd (2018-10-26):
800# Today, a Moroccan government council approved the perpetual addition
801# of 60 minutes to the regular Moroccan timezone.
802# From Matt Johnson (2018-10-28):
803# http://www.sgg.gov.ma/Portals/1/BO/2018/BO_6720-bis_Ar.pdf
804#
805# From Maamar Abdelkader (2018-11-01):
806# We usually move clocks back the previous week end and come back to the +1
807# the week end after....  The government does not announce yet the decision
808# about this temporary change.  But it s 99% sure that it will be the case,
809# as in previous years.  An unofficial survey was done these days, showing
810# that 64% of asked people are ok for moving from +1 to +0 during Ramadan.
811# https://leconomiste.com/article/1035870-enquete-l-economiste-sunergia-64-des-marocains-plebiscitent-le-gmt-pendant-ramadan
812
813# From Naoufal Semlali (2019-04-16):
814# Morocco will be on GMT starting from Sunday, May 5th 2019 at 3am.
815# The switch to GMT+1 will occur on Sunday, June 9th 2019 at 2am....
816# http://fr.le360.ma/societe/voici-la-date-du-retour-a-lheure-legale-au-maroc-188222
817
818# From Semlali Naoufal (2020-04-14):
819# Following the announcement by the Moroccan government, the switch to
820# GMT time will take place on Sunday, April 19, 2020 from 3 a.m. and
821# the return to GMT+1 time will take place on Sunday, May 31, 2020 at 2 a.m....
822# https://maroc-diplomatique.net/maroc-le-retour-a-lheure-gmt-est-prevu-dimanche-prochain/
823# http://aujourdhui.ma/actualite/gmt1-retour-a-lheure-normale-dimanche-prochain-1
824#
825# From Milamber (2020-05-31)
826# In Morocco (where I live), the end of Ramadan (Arabic month) is followed by
827# the Eid al-Fitr, and concretely it's 1 or 2 day offs for the people (with
828# traditional visiting of family, big lunches/dinners, etc.).  So for this
829# year the astronomical calculations don't include the following 2 days off in
830# the calc.  These 2 days fall in a Sunday/Monday, so it's not acceptable by
831# people to have a time shift during these 2 days off.  Perhaps you can modify
832# the (predicted) rules for next years: if the end of Ramadan is a (probable)
833# Friday or Saturday (and so the 2 days off are on a weekend), the next time
834# shift will be the next weekend.
835#
836# From Paul Eggert (2020-05-31):
837# For now, guess that in the future Morocco will fall back at 03:00
838# the last Sunday before Ramadan, and spring forward at 02:00 the
839# first Sunday after two days after Ramadan.  To implement this,
840# transition dates and times for 2019 through 2087 were determined by
841# running the following program under GNU Emacs 26.3.  (This algorithm
842# also produces the correct transition dates for 2016 through 2018,
843# though the times differ due to Morocco's time zone change in 2018.)
844# (let ((islamic-year 1440))
845#   (require 'cal-islam)
846#   (while (< islamic-year 1511)
847#     (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year)))
848#           (b (+ 2 (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year))))
849#           (sunday 0))
850#       (while (/= sunday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7)))
851#       (while (/= sunday (mod b 7))
852#         (setq b (1+ b)))
853#       (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a))
854#       (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b))
855#       (insert
856#        (format
857#         (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t-1:00\t-\n"
858#                 "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t0\t-\n")
859#         (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a))
860#         (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b)))))
861#     (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year))))
862#
863# From Milamber (2021-03-31, 2022-03-10), confirming these predictions:
864# https://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=2076
865# https://www.ecoactu.ma/horaires-administration-ramadan-gmtheure-gmt-a-partir-de-dimanche-27-mars/
866
867# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
868Rule	Morocco	1939	only	-	Sep	12	 0:00	1:00	-
869Rule	Morocco	1939	only	-	Nov	19	 0:00	0	-
870Rule	Morocco	1940	only	-	Feb	25	 0:00	1:00	-
871Rule	Morocco	1945	only	-	Nov	18	 0:00	0	-
872Rule	Morocco	1950	only	-	Jun	11	 0:00	1:00	-
873Rule	Morocco	1950	only	-	Oct	29	 0:00	0	-
874Rule	Morocco	1967	only	-	Jun	 3	12:00	1:00	-
875Rule	Morocco	1967	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
876Rule	Morocco	1974	only	-	Jun	24	 0:00	1:00	-
877Rule	Morocco	1974	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	0	-
878Rule	Morocco	1976	1977	-	May	 1	 0:00	1:00	-
879Rule	Morocco	1976	only	-	Aug	 1	 0:00	0	-
880Rule	Morocco	1977	only	-	Sep	28	 0:00	0	-
881Rule	Morocco	1978	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00	1:00	-
882Rule	Morocco	1978	only	-	Aug	 4	 0:00	0	-
883Rule	Morocco	2008	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00	1:00	-
884Rule	Morocco	2008	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	0	-
885Rule	Morocco	2009	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00	1:00	-
886Rule	Morocco	2009	only	-	Aug	21	 0:00	0	-
887Rule	Morocco	2010	only	-	May	 2	 0:00	1:00	-
888Rule	Morocco	2010	only	-	Aug	 8	 0:00	0	-
889Rule	Morocco	2011	only	-	Apr	 3	 0:00	1:00	-
890Rule	Morocco	2011	only	-	Jul	31	 0:00	0	-
891Rule	Morocco	2012	2013	-	Apr	lastSun	 2:00	1:00	-
892Rule	Morocco	2012	only	-	Jul	20	 3:00	0	-
893Rule	Morocco	2012	only	-	Aug	20	 2:00	1:00	-
894Rule	Morocco	2012	only	-	Sep	30	 3:00	0	-
895Rule	Morocco	2013	only	-	Jul	 7	 3:00	0	-
896Rule	Morocco	2013	only	-	Aug	10	 2:00	1:00	-
897Rule	Morocco	2013	2018	-	Oct	lastSun	 3:00	0	-
898Rule	Morocco	2014	2018	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00	1:00	-
899Rule	Morocco	2014	only	-	Jun	28	 3:00	0	-
900Rule	Morocco	2014	only	-	Aug	 2	 2:00	1:00	-
901Rule	Morocco	2015	only	-	Jun	14	 3:00	0	-
902Rule	Morocco	2015	only	-	Jul	19	 2:00	1:00	-
903Rule	Morocco	2016	only	-	Jun	 5	 3:00	0	-
904Rule	Morocco	2016	only	-	Jul	10	 2:00	1:00	-
905Rule	Morocco	2017	only	-	May	21	 3:00	0	-
906Rule	Morocco	2017	only	-	Jul	 2	 2:00	1:00	-
907Rule	Morocco	2018	only	-	May	13	 3:00	0	-
908Rule	Morocco	2018	only	-	Jun	17	 2:00	1:00	-
909Rule	Morocco	2019	only	-	May	 5	 3:00	-1:00	-
910Rule	Morocco	2019	only	-	Jun	 9	 2:00	0	-
911Rule	Morocco	2020	only	-	Apr	19	 3:00	-1:00	-
912Rule	Morocco	2020	only	-	May	31	 2:00	0	-
913Rule	Morocco	2021	only	-	Apr	11	 3:00	-1:00	-
914Rule	Morocco	2021	only	-	May	16	 2:00	0	-
915Rule	Morocco	2022	only	-	Mar	27	 3:00	-1:00	-
916Rule	Morocco	2022	only	-	May	 8	 2:00	0	-
917Rule	Morocco	2023	only	-	Mar	19	 3:00	-1:00	-
918Rule	Morocco	2023	only	-	Apr	30	 2:00	0	-
919Rule	Morocco	2024	only	-	Mar	10	 3:00	-1:00	-
920Rule	Morocco	2024	only	-	Apr	14	 2:00	0	-
921Rule	Morocco	2025	only	-	Feb	23	 3:00	-1:00	-
922Rule	Morocco	2025	only	-	Apr	 6	 2:00	0	-
923Rule	Morocco	2026	only	-	Feb	15	 3:00	-1:00	-
924Rule	Morocco	2026	only	-	Mar	22	 2:00	0	-
925Rule	Morocco	2027	only	-	Feb	 7	 3:00	-1:00	-
926Rule	Morocco	2027	only	-	Mar	14	 2:00	0	-
927Rule	Morocco	2028	only	-	Jan	23	 3:00	-1:00	-
928Rule	Morocco	2028	only	-	Mar	 5	 2:00	0	-
929Rule	Morocco	2029	only	-	Jan	14	 3:00	-1:00	-
930Rule	Morocco	2029	only	-	Feb	18	 2:00	0	-
931Rule	Morocco	2029	only	-	Dec	30	 3:00	-1:00	-
932Rule	Morocco	2030	only	-	Feb	10	 2:00	0	-
933Rule	Morocco	2030	only	-	Dec	22	 3:00	-1:00	-
934Rule	Morocco	2031	only	-	Feb	 2	 2:00	0	-
935Rule	Morocco	2031	only	-	Dec	14	 3:00	-1:00	-
936Rule	Morocco	2032	only	-	Jan	18	 2:00	0	-
937Rule	Morocco	2032	only	-	Nov	28	 3:00	-1:00	-
938Rule	Morocco	2033	only	-	Jan	 9	 2:00	0	-
939Rule	Morocco	2033	only	-	Nov	20	 3:00	-1:00	-
940Rule	Morocco	2033	only	-	Dec	25	 2:00	0	-
941Rule	Morocco	2034	only	-	Nov	 5	 3:00	-1:00	-
942Rule	Morocco	2034	only	-	Dec	17	 2:00	0	-
943Rule	Morocco	2035	only	-	Oct	28	 3:00	-1:00	-
944Rule	Morocco	2035	only	-	Dec	 9	 2:00	0	-
945Rule	Morocco	2036	only	-	Oct	19	 3:00	-1:00	-
946Rule	Morocco	2036	only	-	Nov	23	 2:00	0	-
947Rule	Morocco	2037	only	-	Oct	 4	 3:00	-1:00	-
948Rule	Morocco	2037	only	-	Nov	15	 2:00	0	-
949Rule	Morocco	2038	only	-	Sep	26	 3:00	-1:00	-
950Rule	Morocco	2038	only	-	Nov	 7	 2:00	0	-
951Rule	Morocco	2039	only	-	Sep	18	 3:00	-1:00	-
952Rule	Morocco	2039	only	-	Oct	23	 2:00	0	-
953Rule	Morocco	2040	only	-	Sep	 2	 3:00	-1:00	-
954Rule	Morocco	2040	only	-	Oct	14	 2:00	0	-
955Rule	Morocco	2041	only	-	Aug	25	 3:00	-1:00	-
956Rule	Morocco	2041	only	-	Sep	29	 2:00	0	-
957Rule	Morocco	2042	only	-	Aug	10	 3:00	-1:00	-
958Rule	Morocco	2042	only	-	Sep	21	 2:00	0	-
959Rule	Morocco	2043	only	-	Aug	 2	 3:00	-1:00	-
960Rule	Morocco	2043	only	-	Sep	13	 2:00	0	-
961Rule	Morocco	2044	only	-	Jul	24	 3:00	-1:00	-
962Rule	Morocco	2044	only	-	Aug	28	 2:00	0	-
963Rule	Morocco	2045	only	-	Jul	 9	 3:00	-1:00	-
964Rule	Morocco	2045	only	-	Aug	20	 2:00	0	-
965Rule	Morocco	2046	only	-	Jul	 1	 3:00	-1:00	-
966Rule	Morocco	2046	only	-	Aug	12	 2:00	0	-
967Rule	Morocco	2047	only	-	Jun	23	 3:00	-1:00	-
968Rule	Morocco	2047	only	-	Jul	28	 2:00	0	-
969Rule	Morocco	2048	only	-	Jun	 7	 3:00	-1:00	-
970Rule	Morocco	2048	only	-	Jul	19	 2:00	0	-
971Rule	Morocco	2049	only	-	May	30	 3:00	-1:00	-
972Rule	Morocco	2049	only	-	Jul	 4	 2:00	0	-
973Rule	Morocco	2050	only	-	May	15	 3:00	-1:00	-
974Rule	Morocco	2050	only	-	Jun	26	 2:00	0	-
975Rule	Morocco	2051	only	-	May	 7	 3:00	-1:00	-
976Rule	Morocco	2051	only	-	Jun	18	 2:00	0	-
977Rule	Morocco	2052	only	-	Apr	28	 3:00	-1:00	-
978Rule	Morocco	2052	only	-	Jun	 2	 2:00	0	-
979Rule	Morocco	2053	only	-	Apr	13	 3:00	-1:00	-
980Rule	Morocco	2053	only	-	May	25	 2:00	0	-
981Rule	Morocco	2054	only	-	Apr	 5	 3:00	-1:00	-
982Rule	Morocco	2054	only	-	May	17	 2:00	0	-
983Rule	Morocco	2055	only	-	Mar	28	 3:00	-1:00	-
984Rule	Morocco	2055	only	-	May	 2	 2:00	0	-
985Rule	Morocco	2056	only	-	Mar	12	 3:00	-1:00	-
986Rule	Morocco	2056	only	-	Apr	23	 2:00	0	-
987Rule	Morocco	2057	only	-	Mar	 4	 3:00	-1:00	-
988Rule	Morocco	2057	only	-	Apr	 8	 2:00	0	-
989Rule	Morocco	2058	only	-	Feb	17	 3:00	-1:00	-
990Rule	Morocco	2058	only	-	Mar	31	 2:00	0	-
991Rule	Morocco	2059	only	-	Feb	 9	 3:00	-1:00	-
992Rule	Morocco	2059	only	-	Mar	23	 2:00	0	-
993Rule	Morocco	2060	only	-	Feb	 1	 3:00	-1:00	-
994Rule	Morocco	2060	only	-	Mar	 7	 2:00	0	-
995Rule	Morocco	2061	only	-	Jan	16	 3:00	-1:00	-
996Rule	Morocco	2061	only	-	Feb	27	 2:00	0	-
997Rule	Morocco	2062	only	-	Jan	 8	 3:00	-1:00	-
998Rule	Morocco	2062	only	-	Feb	19	 2:00	0	-
999Rule	Morocco	2062	only	-	Dec	31	 3:00	-1:00	-
1000Rule	Morocco	2063	only	-	Feb	 4	 2:00	0	-
1001Rule	Morocco	2063	only	-	Dec	16	 3:00	-1:00	-
1002Rule	Morocco	2064	only	-	Jan	27	 2:00	0	-
1003Rule	Morocco	2064	only	-	Dec	 7	 3:00	-1:00	-
1004Rule	Morocco	2065	only	-	Jan	11	 2:00	0	-
1005Rule	Morocco	2065	only	-	Nov	22	 3:00	-1:00	-
1006Rule	Morocco	2066	only	-	Jan	 3	 2:00	0	-
1007Rule	Morocco	2066	only	-	Nov	14	 3:00	-1:00	-
1008Rule	Morocco	2066	only	-	Dec	26	 2:00	0	-
1009Rule	Morocco	2067	only	-	Nov	 6	 3:00	-1:00	-
1010Rule	Morocco	2067	only	-	Dec	11	 2:00	0	-
1011Rule	Morocco	2068	only	-	Oct	21	 3:00	-1:00	-
1012Rule	Morocco	2068	only	-	Dec	 2	 2:00	0	-
1013Rule	Morocco	2069	only	-	Oct	13	 3:00	-1:00	-
1014Rule	Morocco	2069	only	-	Nov	24	 2:00	0	-
1015Rule	Morocco	2070	only	-	Oct	 5	 3:00	-1:00	-
1016Rule	Morocco	2070	only	-	Nov	 9	 2:00	0	-
1017Rule	Morocco	2071	only	-	Sep	20	 3:00	-1:00	-
1018Rule	Morocco	2071	only	-	Nov	 1	 2:00	0	-
1019Rule	Morocco	2072	only	-	Sep	11	 3:00	-1:00	-
1020Rule	Morocco	2072	only	-	Oct	16	 2:00	0	-
1021Rule	Morocco	2073	only	-	Aug	27	 3:00	-1:00	-
1022Rule	Morocco	2073	only	-	Oct	 8	 2:00	0	-
1023Rule	Morocco	2074	only	-	Aug	19	 3:00	-1:00	-
1024Rule	Morocco	2074	only	-	Sep	30	 2:00	0	-
1025Rule	Morocco	2075	only	-	Aug	11	 3:00	-1:00	-
1026Rule	Morocco	2075	only	-	Sep	15	 2:00	0	-
1027Rule	Morocco	2076	only	-	Jul	26	 3:00	-1:00	-
1028Rule	Morocco	2076	only	-	Sep	 6	 2:00	0	-
1029Rule	Morocco	2077	only	-	Jul	18	 3:00	-1:00	-
1030Rule	Morocco	2077	only	-	Aug	29	 2:00	0	-
1031Rule	Morocco	2078	only	-	Jul	10	 3:00	-1:00	-
1032Rule	Morocco	2078	only	-	Aug	14	 2:00	0	-
1033Rule	Morocco	2079	only	-	Jun	25	 3:00	-1:00	-
1034Rule	Morocco	2079	only	-	Aug	 6	 2:00	0	-
1035Rule	Morocco	2080	only	-	Jun	16	 3:00	-1:00	-
1036Rule	Morocco	2080	only	-	Jul	21	 2:00	0	-
1037Rule	Morocco	2081	only	-	Jun	 1	 3:00	-1:00	-
1038Rule	Morocco	2081	only	-	Jul	13	 2:00	0	-
1039Rule	Morocco	2082	only	-	May	24	 3:00	-1:00	-
1040Rule	Morocco	2082	only	-	Jul	 5	 2:00	0	-
1041Rule	Morocco	2083	only	-	May	16	 3:00	-1:00	-
1042Rule	Morocco	2083	only	-	Jun	20	 2:00	0	-
1043Rule	Morocco	2084	only	-	Apr	30	 3:00	-1:00	-
1044Rule	Morocco	2084	only	-	Jun	11	 2:00	0	-
1045Rule	Morocco	2085	only	-	Apr	22	 3:00	-1:00	-
1046Rule	Morocco	2085	only	-	Jun	 3	 2:00	0	-
1047Rule	Morocco	2086	only	-	Apr	14	 3:00	-1:00	-
1048Rule	Morocco	2086	only	-	May	19	 2:00	0	-
1049Rule	Morocco	2087	only	-	Mar	30	 3:00	-1:00	-
1050Rule	Morocco	2087	only	-	May	11	 2:00	0	-
1051# For dates after the somewhat-arbitrary cutoff of 2087, assume that
1052# Morocco will no longer observe DST.  At some point this table will
1053# need to be extended, though quite possibly Morocco will change the
1054# rules first.
1055
1056# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1057Zone Africa/Casablanca	-0:30:20 -	LMT	1913 Oct 26
1058			 0:00	Morocco	+00/+01	1984 Mar 16
1059			 1:00	-	+01	1986
1060			 0:00	Morocco	+00/+01	2018 Oct 28  3:00
1061			 1:00	Morocco	+01/+00
1062
1063# Western Sahara
1064#
1065# From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22):
1066# A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters
1067# ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as
1068# Morocco does.
1069#
1070# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23):
1071# Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT,
1072# since most of it was then controlled by Morocco.
1073
1074Zone Africa/El_Aaiun	-0:52:48 -	LMT	1934 Jan # El Aaiún
1075			-1:00	-	-01	1976 Apr 14
1076			 0:00	Morocco	+00/+01	2018 Oct 28  3:00
1077			 1:00	Morocco	+01/+00
1078
1079# Botswana
1080# Burundi
1081# Democratic Republic of the Congo (eastern)
1082# Malawi
1083# Mozambique
1084# Rwanda
1085# Zambia
1086# Zimbabwe
1087#
1088# Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT.
1089# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
1090# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
1091# merely made it official?
1092#
1093# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1094Zone	Africa/Maputo	2:10:20 -	LMT	1903 Mar
1095			2:00	-	CAT
1096
1097# Namibia
1098
1099# From Arthur David Olson (2017-08-09):
1100# The text of the "Namibia Time Act, 1994" is available online at
1101# www.lac.org.na/laws/1994/811.pdf
1102# and includes this nugget:
1103# Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (2) of section 1, the
1104# first winter period after the commencement of this Act shall
1105# commence at OOhOO on Monday 21 March 1994 and shall end at 02h00 on
1106# Sunday 4 September 1994.
1107
1108# From Michael Deckers (2017-04-06):
1109# ... both summer and winter time are called "standard"
1110# (which differs from the use in Ireland) ...
1111
1112# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30):
1113# http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html
1114# While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other
1115# settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there
1116# rises and sets earlier compared to other regions.  Chief of
1117# Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of
1118# the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest
1119# of the country.
1120#
1121# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-22):
1122# Although the Zambezi Region (formerly known as Caprivi) informally
1123# observes Botswana time, we have no details about historical practice.
1124# In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone.
1125# See: Immanuel S. The Namibian. 2017-02-23.
1126# https://www.namibian.com.na/51480/read/Time-change-divides-lawmakers
1127
1128# From Steffen Thorsen (2017-08-09):
1129# Namibia is going to change their time zone to what is now their DST:
1130# https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/
1131# This video is from the government decision:
1132# https://www.nbc.na/news/na-passes-namibia-time-bill-repealing-1994-namibia-time-act.8665
1133# We have made the assumption so far that they will change their time zone at
1134# the same time they would normally start DST, the first Sunday in September:
1135# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/namibia-new-time-zone.html
1136
1137# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-09):
1138# Before the change, summer and winter time were both standard time legally.
1139# However in common parlance, winter time was considered to be DST.  See, e.g.:
1140# http://www.nbc.na/news/namibias-winter-time-could-be-scrapped.2706
1141# https://zone.my.na/news/times-are-changing-in-namibia
1142# https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/
1143# Use plain "WAT" and "CAT" for the time zone abbreviations, to be compatible
1144# with Namibia's neighbors.
1145
1146# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
1147# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST.
1148Rule	Namibia	1994	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	-1:00	WAT
1149Rule	Namibia	1994	2017	-	Sep	Sun>=1	2:00	0	CAT
1150Rule	Namibia	1995	2017	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	-1:00	WAT
1151# Rearguard section, for parsers lacking negative DST; see ziguard.awk.
1152#Rule	Namibia	1994	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	0	WAT
1153#Rule	Namibia	1994	2017	-	Sep	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	CAT
1154#Rule	Namibia	1995	2017	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	0	WAT
1155# End of rearguard section.
1156
1157# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1158Zone	Africa/Windhoek	1:08:24 -	LMT	1892 Feb 8
1159			1:30	-	+0130	1903 Mar
1160			2:00	-	SAST	1942 Sep 20  2:00
1161			2:00	1:00	SAST	1943 Mar 21  2:00
1162			2:00	-	SAST	1990 Mar 21 # independence
1163# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST.
1164			2:00	Namibia	%s
1165# Rearguard section, for parsers lacking negative DST; see ziguard.awk.
1166#			2:00	-	CAT	1994 Mar 21  0:00
1167# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-07):
1168# The official date of the 2017 rule change was 2017-10-24.  See:
1169# http://www.lac.org.na/laws/annoSTAT/Namibian%20Time%20Act%209%20of%202017.pdf
1170#			1:00	Namibia	%s	2017 Oct 24
1171#			2:00	-	CAT
1172# End of rearguard section.
1173
1174
1175# Angola
1176# Benin
1177# Cameroon
1178# Central African Republic
1179# Democratic Republic of the Congo (western)
1180# Republic of the Congo
1181# Equatorial Guinea
1182# Gabon
1183# Niger
1184# Nigeria
1185
1186# From P Chan (2020-12-03):
1187# GMT was adopted as the standard time of Lagos on 1905-07-01.
1188# Lagos Weekly Record, 1905-06-24, p 3
1189# http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31558#?c=0&m=668&s=0&cv=2&r=0&xywh=1446%2C5221%2C1931%2C1235
1190# says "It is officially notified that on and after the 1st of July 1905
1191# Greenwich Mean Solar Time will be adopted thought the Colony and
1192# Protectorate, and that it will be necessary to put all clocks 13 minutes and
1193# 35 seconds back, recording local mean time."
1194#
1195# It seemed that Lagos returned to LMT on 1908-07-01.
1196# [The Lagos Standard], 1908-07-01, p 5
1197# http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31556#?c=0&m=78&s=0&cv=4&r=0&xywh=-92%2C3590%2C3944%2C2523
1198# says "Scarcely have the people become accustomed to this new time, when
1199# another official notice has now appeared announcing that from and after the
1200# 1st July next, return will be made to local mean time."
1201#
1202# From P Chan (2020-11-27):
1203# On 1914-01-01, standard time of GMT+0:30 was adopted for the unified Nigeria.
1204# Colonial Reports - Annual. No. 878. Nigeria. Report for 1914. (April 1916),
1205# p 27
1206# https://libsysdigi.library.illinois.edu/ilharvest/Africana/Books2011-05/3064634/3064634_1914/3064634_1914_opt.pdf#page=27
1207# "On January 1st [1914], a universal standard time for Nigeria was adopted,
1208# viz., half an hour fast on Greenwich mean time, corresponding to the meridian
1209# 7 [degrees] 30' E. long."
1210# Lloyd's Register of Shipping (1915) says "Hitherto the time observed in Lagos
1211# was the local mean time. On 1st January, 1914, standard time for the whole of
1212# Nigeria was introduced ... Lagos time has been advanced about 16 minutes
1213# accordingly."
1214#
1215# In 1919, standard time was changed to GMT+1.
1216# Interpretation Ordinance (Cap 2)
1217# The Laws of Nigeria, Containing the Ordinances of Nigeria, in Force on the
1218# 1st Day of January, 1923, Vol.I [p 16]
1219# https://books.google.com/books?id=BOMrAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA16
1220# "The expression 'Standard time' means standard time as used in Nigeria:
1221# namely, 60 minutes in advance of Greenwich mean time.  (As amended by 18 of
1222# 1919, s. 2.)"
1223# From Tim Parenti (2020-12-10):
1224# The Lagos Weekly Record, 1919-09-20, p 3 details discussion on the first
1225# reading of this Bill by the Legislative Council of the Colony of Nigeria on
1226# Thursday 1919-08-28:
1227# http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31558?terms&item_id=303484#?m=1118&c=1&s=0&cv=2&r=0&xywh=1261%2C3408%2C2994%2C1915
1228# "The proposal is that the Globe should be divided into twelve zones East and
1229# West of Greenwich, of one hour each, Nigeria falling into the zone with a
1230# standard of one hour fast on Greenwich Mean Time.  Nigeria standard time is
1231# now 30 minutes in advance of Greenwich Mean Time ... according to the new
1232# proposal, standard time will be advanced another 30 minutes".  It was further
1233# proposed that the firing of the time guns likewise be adjusted by 30 minutes
1234# to compensate.
1235# From Tim Parenti (2020-12-10), per P Chan (2020-12-11):
1236# The text of Ordinance 18 of 1919, published in Nigeria Gazette, Vol 6, No 52,
1237# shows that the change was assented to the following day and took effect "on
1238# the 1st day of September, 1919."
1239# Nigeria Gazette and Supplements 1919 Jan-Dec, Reference: 73266B-40,
1240# img 245-246
1241# https://microform.digital/boa/collections/77/volumes/539/nigeria-lagos-1887-1919
1242
1243# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1244Zone	Africa/Lagos	0:13:35 -	LMT	1905 Jul  1
1245			0:00	-	GMT	1908 Jul  1
1246			0:13:35	-	LMT	1914 Jan  1
1247			0:30	-	+0030	1919 Sep  1
1248			1:00	-	WAT
1249
1250# São Tomé and Príncipe
1251
1252# See Europe/Lisbon for info about the 1912 transition.
1253
1254# From Steffen Thorsen (2018-01-08):
1255# Multiple sources tell that São Tomé changed from UTC to UTC+1 as
1256# they entered the year 2018.
1257# From Michael Deckers (2018-01-08):
1258# the switch is from 01:00 to 02:00 ... [Decree No. 25/2017]
1259# http://www.mnec.gov.st/index.php/publicacoes/documentos/file/90-decreto-lei-n-25-2017
1260
1261# From Vadim Nasardinov (2018-12-29):
1262# São Tomé and Príncipe is about to do the following on Jan 1, 2019:
1263# https://www.stp-press.st/2018/12/05/governo-jesus-ja-decidiu-repor-hora-legal-sao-tomense/
1264#
1265# From Michael Deckers (2018-12-30):
1266# https://www.legis-palop.org/download.jsp?idFile=102818
1267# ... [The legal time of the country, which coincides with universal
1268# coordinated time, will be reinstituted at 2 o'clock on day 1 of January, 2019.]
1269
1270Zone	Africa/Sao_Tome	 0:26:56 -	LMT	1884
1271		#STDOFF	-0:36:44.68
1272			-0:36:45 -	LMT	1912 Jan  1 00:00u # Lisbon MT
1273			 0:00	-	GMT	2018 Jan  1 01:00
1274			 1:00	-	WAT	2019 Jan  1 02:00
1275			 0:00	-	GMT
1276
1277# Eswatini (Swaziland)
1278# Lesotho
1279# South Africa
1280
1281# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
1282Rule	SA	1942	1943	-	Sep	Sun>=15	2:00	1:00	-
1283Rule	SA	1943	1944	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00	0	-
1284# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1285Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 -	LMT	1892 Feb 8
1286			1:30	-	SAST	1903 Mar
1287			2:00	SA	SAST
1288#
1289# Marion and Prince Edward Is
1290# scientific station since 1947
1291# no information
1292
1293# Sudan
1294
1295# From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html>
1296# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13),
1297# also reported by Michaël De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:
1298# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon
1299# Saturday....  This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for
1300# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin.
1301
1302# From Ahmed Atyya, National Telecommunications Corp. (NTC), Sudan (2017-10-17):
1303# ... the Republic of Sudan is going to change the time zone from (GMT+3:00)
1304# to (GMT+ 2:00) starting from Wednesday 1 November 2017.
1305#
1306# From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18):
1307# A scanned copy (in Arabic) of Cabinet Resolution No. 352 for the
1308# year 2017 can be found as an attachment in email today from Yahia
1309# Abdalla of NTC, archived at:
1310# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2017-October/025333.html
1311
1312# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
1313Rule	Sudan	1970	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
1314Rule	Sudan	1970	1985	-	Oct	15	0:00	0	-
1315Rule	Sudan	1971	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	S
1316Rule	Sudan	1972	1985	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
1317# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1318Zone	Africa/Khartoum	2:10:08 -	LMT	1931
1319			2:00	Sudan	CA%sT	2000 Jan 15 12:00
1320			3:00	-	EAT	2017 Nov  1
1321			2:00	-	CAT
1322
1323# South Sudan
1324
1325# From Steffen Thorsen (2021-01-18):
1326# "South Sudan will change its time zone by setting the clock back 1
1327# hour on February 1, 2021...."
1328# from https://eyeradio.org/south-sudan-adopts-new-time-zone-makuei/
1329
1330# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1331Zone	Africa/Juba	2:06:28 -	LMT	1931
1332			2:00	Sudan	CA%sT	2000 Jan 15 12:00
1333			3:00	-	EAT	2021 Feb  1 00:00
1334			2:00	-	CAT
1335
1336# Tunisia
1337
1338# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30):
1339# My correspondent, Risto Nykänen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST,
1340# this time in Tunisia.  According to Yahoo France News
1341# <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP
1342# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by
1343# one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1.  Henceforth, Tunisian time will be
1344# UTC+2 instead of UTC+1.  The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next
1345# Saturday."  (My translation)
1346#
1347# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02):
1348# La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ...
1349# http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html
1350# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30,
1351# 1h standard time.
1352#
1353# From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28):
1354# The daylight saving time will be the same each year:
1355# Beginning      : the last Sunday of March at 02:00
1356# Ending         : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ...
1357# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50
1358
1359# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16):
1360# According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year.
1361# (Arabic)
1362# http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546
1363# https://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp
1364#
1365# We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia.
1366# We have a wrap-up about this on the following page:
1367# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html
1368
1369# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
1370# Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency
1371#
1372# Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn):
1373#
1374# (in English)
1375# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157
1376#
1377# (in Arabic)
1378# http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1
1379
1380# From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18):
1381# The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is
1382# due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period
1383# concerned by summer time.  Therefore, the standard time will be kept
1384# unchanged the whole year long."  So foregoing DST seems to be an exception
1385# (albeit one that may be repeated in the future).
1386
1387# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27):
1388# According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010
1389#
1390# (translation):
1391# "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on
1392# Sunday...
1393# Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also
1394# coincided with the month of Ramadan..."
1395#
1396# (in Arabic)
1397# http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1
1398# http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036
1399# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html
1400
1401# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
1402Rule	Tunisia	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S
1403Rule	Tunisia	1939	only	-	Nov	18	23:00s	0	-
1404Rule	Tunisia	1940	only	-	Feb	25	23:00s	1:00	S
1405Rule	Tunisia	1941	only	-	Oct	 6	 0:00	0	-
1406Rule	Tunisia	1942	only	-	Mar	 9	 0:00	1:00	S
1407Rule	Tunisia	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	 3:00	0	-
1408Rule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Mar	29	 2:00	1:00	S
1409Rule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Apr	17	 2:00	0	-
1410Rule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Apr	25	 2:00	1:00	S
1411Rule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Oct	 4	 2:00	0	-
1412Rule	Tunisia	1944	1945	-	Apr	Mon>=1	 2:00	1:00	S
1413Rule	Tunisia	1944	only	-	Oct	 8	 0:00	0	-
1414Rule	Tunisia	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 0:00	0	-
1415Rule	Tunisia	1977	only	-	Apr	30	 0:00s	1:00	S
1416Rule	Tunisia	1977	only	-	Sep	24	 0:00s	0	-
1417Rule	Tunisia	1978	only	-	May	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
1418Rule	Tunisia	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00s	0	-
1419Rule	Tunisia	1988	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
1420Rule	Tunisia	1988	1990	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00s	0	-
1421Rule	Tunisia	1989	only	-	Mar	26	 0:00s	1:00	S
1422Rule	Tunisia	1990	only	-	May	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
1423Rule	Tunisia	2005	only	-	May	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
1424Rule	Tunisia	2005	only	-	Sep	30	 1:00s	0	-
1425Rule	Tunisia	2006	2008	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
1426Rule	Tunisia	2006	2008	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
1427
1428# See Europe/Paris commentary for PMT-related transitions.
1429# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1430Zone	Africa/Tunis	0:40:44 -	LMT	1881 May 12
1431			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
1432			1:00	Tunisia	CE%sT
1433