xref: /illumos-gate/usr/src/contrib/mDNSResponder/mDNSShared/dns_sd.h (revision 5328fc53d11d7151861fa272e4fb0248b8f0e145)
1 /* -*- Mode: C; tab-width: 4 -*-
2  *
3  * Copyright (c) 2003-2015 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
7  *
8  * 1.  Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
9  *     this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10  * 2.  Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
11  *     this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
12  *     and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13  * 3.  Neither the name of Apple Inc. ("Apple") nor the names of its
14  *     contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this
15  *     software without specific prior written permission.
16  *
17  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY APPLE AND ITS CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY
18  * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
19  * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
20  * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL APPLE OR ITS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
21  * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
22  * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
23  * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
24  * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
25  * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
26  * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
27  */
28 
29 
30 /*! @header     DNS Service Discovery
31  *
32  * @discussion  This section describes the functions, callbacks, and data structures
33  *              that make up the DNS Service Discovery API.
34  *
35  *              The DNS Service Discovery API is part of Bonjour, Apple's implementation
36  *              of zero-configuration networking (ZEROCONF).
37  *
38  *              Bonjour allows you to register a network service, such as a
39  *              printer or file server, so that it can be found by name or browsed
40  *              for by service type and domain. Using Bonjour, applications can
41  *              discover what services are available on the network, along with
42  *              all the information -- such as name, IP address, and port --
43  *              necessary to access a particular service.
44  *
45  *              In effect, Bonjour combines the functions of a local DNS server and
46  *              AppleTalk. Bonjour allows applications to provide user-friendly printer
47  *              and server browsing, among other things, over standard IP networks.
48  *              This behavior is a result of combining protocols such as multicast and
49  *              DNS to add new functionality to the network (such as multicast DNS).
50  *
51  *              Bonjour gives applications easy access to services over local IP
52  *              networks without requiring the service or the application to support
53  *              an AppleTalk or a Netbeui stack, and without requiring a DNS server
54  *              for the local network.
55  */
56 
57 /* _DNS_SD_H contains the API version number for this header file
58  * The API version defined in this header file symbol allows for compile-time
59  * checking, so that C code building with earlier versions of the header file
60  * can avoid compile errors trying to use functions that aren't even defined
61  * in those earlier versions. Similar checks may also be performed at run-time:
62  *  => weak linking -- to avoid link failures if run with an earlier
63  *     version of the library that's missing some desired symbol, or
64  *  => DNSServiceGetProperty(DaemonVersion) -- to verify whether the running daemon
65  *     ("system service" on Windows) meets some required minimum functionality level.
66  */
67 
68 #ifndef _DNS_SD_H
69 #define _DNS_SD_H 8780101
70 
71 #ifdef  __cplusplus
72 extern "C" {
73 #endif
74 
75 /* Set to 1 if libdispatch is supported
76  * Note: May also be set by project and/or Makefile
77  */
78 #ifndef _DNS_SD_LIBDISPATCH
79 #define _DNS_SD_LIBDISPATCH 0
80 #endif /* ndef _DNS_SD_LIBDISPATCH */
81 
82 /* standard calling convention under Win32 is __stdcall */
83 /* Note: When compiling Intel EFI (Extensible Firmware Interface) under MS Visual Studio, the */
84 /* _WIN32 symbol is defined by the compiler even though it's NOT compiling code for Windows32 */
85 #if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(EFI32) && !defined(EFI64)
86 #define DNSSD_API __stdcall
87 #else
88 #define DNSSD_API
89 #endif
90 
91 #if defined(_WIN32)
92 #include <winsock2.h>
93 typedef SOCKET dnssd_sock_t;
94 #else
95 typedef int dnssd_sock_t;
96 #endif
97 
98 /* stdint.h does not exist on FreeBSD 4.x; its types are defined in sys/types.h instead */
99 #if defined(__FreeBSD__) && (__FreeBSD__ < 5)
100 #include <sys/types.h>
101 
102 /* Likewise, on Sun, standard integer types are in sys/types.h */
103 #elif defined(__sun__)
104 #include <sys/types.h>
105 
106 /* EFI does not have stdint.h, or anything else equivalent */
107 #elif defined(EFI32) || defined(EFI64) || defined(EFIX64)
108 #include "Tiano.h"
109 #if !defined(_STDINT_H_)
110 typedef UINT8 uint8_t;
111 typedef INT8 int8_t;
112 typedef UINT16 uint16_t;
113 typedef INT16 int16_t;
114 typedef UINT32 uint32_t;
115 typedef INT32 int32_t;
116 #endif
117 /* Windows has its own differences */
118 #elif defined(_WIN32)
119 #include <windows.h>
120 #define _UNUSED
121 #ifndef _MSL_STDINT_H
122 typedef UINT8 uint8_t;
123 typedef INT8 int8_t;
124 typedef UINT16 uint16_t;
125 typedef INT16 int16_t;
126 typedef UINT32 uint32_t;
127 typedef INT32 int32_t;
128 #endif
129 
130 /* All other Posix platforms use stdint.h */
131 #else
132 #include <stdint.h>
133 #endif
134 
135 #if _DNS_SD_LIBDISPATCH
136 #include <dispatch/dispatch.h>
137 #endif
138 
139 /* DNSServiceRef, DNSRecordRef
140  *
141  * Opaque internal data types.
142  * Note: client is responsible for serializing access to these structures if
143  * they are shared between concurrent threads.
144  */
145 
146 typedef struct _DNSServiceRef_t *DNSServiceRef;
147 typedef struct _DNSRecordRef_t *DNSRecordRef;
148 
149 struct sockaddr;
150 
151 /*! @enum General flags
152  * Most DNS-SD API functions and callbacks include a DNSServiceFlags parameter.
153  * As a general rule, any given bit in the 32-bit flags field has a specific fixed meaning,
154  * regardless of the function or callback being used. For any given function or callback,
155  * typically only a subset of the possible flags are meaningful, and all others should be zero.
156  * The discussion section for each API call describes which flags are valid for that call
157  * and callback. In some cases, for a particular call, it may be that no flags are currently
158  * defined, in which case the DNSServiceFlags parameter exists purely to allow future expansion.
159  * In all cases, developers should expect that in future releases, it is possible that new flag
160  * values will be defined, and write code with this in mind. For example, code that tests
161  *     if (flags == kDNSServiceFlagsAdd) ...
162  * will fail if, in a future release, another bit in the 32-bit flags field is also set.
163  * The reliable way to test whether a particular bit is set is not with an equality test,
164  * but with a bitwise mask:
165  *     if (flags & kDNSServiceFlagsAdd) ...
166  * With the exception of kDNSServiceFlagsValidate, each flag can be valid(be set)
167  * EITHER only as an input to one of the DNSService*() APIs OR only as an output
168  * (provide status) through any of the callbacks used. For example, kDNSServiceFlagsAdd
169  * can be set only as an output in the callback, whereas the kDNSServiceFlagsIncludeP2P
170  * can be set only as an input to the DNSService*() APIs. See comments on kDNSServiceFlagsValidate
171  * defined in enum below.
172  */
173 enum
174 {
175     kDNSServiceFlagsMoreComing          = 0x1,
176     /* MoreComing indicates to a callback that at least one more result is
177      * queued and will be delivered following immediately after this one.
178      * When the MoreComing flag is set, applications should not immediately
179      * update their UI, because this can result in a great deal of ugly flickering
180      * on the screen, and can waste a great deal of CPU time repeatedly updating
181      * the screen with content that is then immediately erased, over and over.
182      * Applications should wait until MoreComing is not set, and then
183      * update their UI when no more changes are imminent.
184      * When MoreComing is not set, that doesn't mean there will be no more
185      * answers EVER, just that there are no more answers immediately
186      * available right now at this instant. If more answers become available
187      * in the future they will be delivered as usual.
188      */
189 
190     kDNSServiceFlagsAutoTrigger        = 0x1,
191     /* Valid for browses using kDNSServiceInterfaceIndexAny.
192      * Will auto trigger the browse over AWDL as well once the service is discoveryed
193      * over BLE.
194      * This flag is an input value to DNSServiceBrowse(), which is why we can
195      * use the same value as kDNSServiceFlagsMoreComing, which is an output flag
196      * for various client callbacks.
197     */
198 
199     kDNSServiceFlagsAdd                 = 0x2,
200     kDNSServiceFlagsDefault             = 0x4,
201     /* Flags for domain enumeration and browse/query reply callbacks.
202      * "Default" applies only to enumeration and is only valid in
203      * conjunction with "Add". An enumeration callback with the "Add"
204      * flag NOT set indicates a "Remove", i.e. the domain is no longer
205      * valid.
206      */
207 
208     kDNSServiceFlagsNoAutoRename        = 0x8,
209     /* Flag for specifying renaming behavior on name conflict when registering
210      * non-shared records. By default, name conflicts are automatically handled
211      * by renaming the service. NoAutoRename overrides this behavior - with this
212      * flag set, name conflicts will result in a callback. The NoAutorename flag
213      * is only valid if a name is explicitly specified when registering a service
214      * (i.e. the default name is not used.)
215      */
216 
217     kDNSServiceFlagsShared              = 0x10,
218     kDNSServiceFlagsUnique              = 0x20,
219     /* Flag for registering individual records on a connected
220      * DNSServiceRef. Shared indicates that there may be multiple records
221      * with this name on the network (e.g. PTR records). Unique indicates that the
222      * record's name is to be unique on the network (e.g. SRV records).
223      */
224 
225     kDNSServiceFlagsBrowseDomains       = 0x40,
226     kDNSServiceFlagsRegistrationDomains = 0x80,
227     /* Flags for specifying domain enumeration type in DNSServiceEnumerateDomains.
228      * BrowseDomains enumerates domains recommended for browsing, RegistrationDomains
229      * enumerates domains recommended for registration.
230      */
231 
232     kDNSServiceFlagsLongLivedQuery      = 0x100,
233     /* Flag for creating a long-lived unicast query for the DNSServiceQueryRecord call. */
234 
235     kDNSServiceFlagsAllowRemoteQuery    = 0x200,
236     /* Flag for creating a record for which we will answer remote queries
237      * (queries from hosts more than one hop away; hosts not directly connected to the local link).
238      */
239 
240     kDNSServiceFlagsForceMulticast      = 0x400,
241     /* Flag for signifying that a query or registration should be performed exclusively via multicast
242      * DNS, even for a name in a domain (e.g. foo.apple.com.) that would normally imply unicast DNS.
243      */
244 
245     kDNSServiceFlagsForce               = 0x800,    // This flag is deprecated.
246 
247     kDNSServiceFlagsKnownUnique         = 0x800,
248     /*
249      * Client guarantees that record names are unique, so we can skip sending out initial
250      * probe messages.  Standard name conflict resolution is still done if a conflict is discovered.
251      * Currently only valid for a DNSServiceRegister call.
252      */
253 
254     kDNSServiceFlagsReturnIntermediates = 0x1000,
255     /* Flag for returning intermediate results.
256      * For example, if a query results in an authoritative NXDomain (name does not exist)
257      * then that result is returned to the client. However the query is not implicitly
258      * cancelled -- it remains active and if the answer subsequently changes
259      * (e.g. because a VPN tunnel is subsequently established) then that positive
260      * result will still be returned to the client.
261      * Similarly, if a query results in a CNAME record, then in addition to following
262      * the CNAME referral, the intermediate CNAME result is also returned to the client.
263      * When this flag is not set, NXDomain errors are not returned, and CNAME records
264      * are followed silently without informing the client of the intermediate steps.
265      * (In earlier builds this flag was briefly calledkDNSServiceFlagsReturnCNAME)
266      */
267 
268     kDNSServiceFlagsNonBrowsable        = 0x2000,
269     /* A service registered with the NonBrowsable flag set can be resolved using
270      * DNSServiceResolve(), but will not be discoverable using DNSServiceBrowse().
271      * This is for cases where the name is actually a GUID; it is found by other means;
272      * there is no end-user benefit to browsing to find a long list of opaque GUIDs.
273      * Using the NonBrowsable flag creates SRV+TXT without the cost of also advertising
274      * an associated PTR record.
275      */
276 
277     kDNSServiceFlagsShareConnection     = 0x4000,
278     /* For efficiency, clients that perform many concurrent operations may want to use a
279      * single Unix Domain Socket connection with the background daemon, instead of having a
280      * separate connection for each independent operation. To use this mode, clients first
281      * call DNSServiceCreateConnection(&MainRef) to initialize the main DNSServiceRef.
282      * For each subsequent operation that is to share that same connection, the client copies
283      * the MainRef, and then passes the address of that copy, setting the ShareConnection flag
284      * to tell the library that this DNSServiceRef is not a typical uninitialized DNSServiceRef;
285      * it's a copy of an existing DNSServiceRef whose connection information should be reused.
286      *
287      * For example:
288      *
289      * DNSServiceErrorType error;
290      * DNSServiceRef MainRef;
291      * error = DNSServiceCreateConnection(&MainRef);
292      * if (error) ...
293      * DNSServiceRef BrowseRef = MainRef;  // Important: COPY the primary DNSServiceRef first...
294      * error = DNSServiceBrowse(&BrowseRef, kDNSServiceFlagsShareConnection, ...); // then use the copy
295      * if (error) ...
296      * ...
297      * DNSServiceRefDeallocate(BrowseRef); // Terminate the browse operation
298      * DNSServiceRefDeallocate(MainRef);   // Terminate the shared connection
299      * Also see Point 4.(Don't Double-Deallocate if the MainRef has been Deallocated) in Notes below:
300      *
301      * Notes:
302      *
303      * 1. Collective kDNSServiceFlagsMoreComing flag
304      * When callbacks are invoked using a shared DNSServiceRef, the
305      * kDNSServiceFlagsMoreComing flag applies collectively to *all* active
306      * operations sharing the same parent DNSServiceRef. If the MoreComing flag is
307      * set it means that there are more results queued on this parent DNSServiceRef,
308      * but not necessarily more results for this particular callback function.
309      * The implication of this for client programmers is that when a callback
310      * is invoked with the MoreComing flag set, the code should update its
311      * internal data structures with the new result, and set a variable indicating
312      * that its UI needs to be updated. Then, later when a callback is eventually
313      * invoked with the MoreComing flag not set, the code should update *all*
314      * stale UI elements related to that shared parent DNSServiceRef that need
315      * updating, not just the UI elements related to the particular callback
316      * that happened to be the last one to be invoked.
317      *
318      * 2. Canceling operations and kDNSServiceFlagsMoreComing
319      * Whenever you cancel any operation for which you had deferred UI updates
320      * waiting because of a kDNSServiceFlagsMoreComing flag, you should perform
321      * those deferred UI updates. This is because, after cancelling the operation,
322      * you can no longer wait for a callback *without* MoreComing set, to tell
323      * you do perform your deferred UI updates (the operation has been canceled,
324      * so there will be no more callbacks). An implication of the collective
325      * kDNSServiceFlagsMoreComing flag for shared connections is that this
326      * guideline applies more broadly -- any time you cancel an operation on
327      * a shared connection, you should perform all deferred UI updates for all
328      * operations sharing that connection. This is because the MoreComing flag
329      * might have been referring to events coming for the operation you canceled,
330      * which will now not be coming because the operation has been canceled.
331      *
332      * 3. Only share DNSServiceRef's created with DNSServiceCreateConnection
333      * Calling DNSServiceCreateConnection(&ref) creates a special shareable DNSServiceRef.
334      * DNSServiceRef's created by other calls like DNSServiceBrowse() or DNSServiceResolve()
335      * cannot be shared by copying them and using kDNSServiceFlagsShareConnection.
336      *
337      * 4. Don't Double-Deallocate if the MainRef has been Deallocated
338      * Calling DNSServiceRefDeallocate(ref) for a particular operation's DNSServiceRef terminates
339      * just that operation. Calling DNSServiceRefDeallocate(ref) for the main shared DNSServiceRef
340      * (the parent DNSServiceRef, originally created by DNSServiceCreateConnection(&ref))
341      * automatically terminates the shared connection and all operations that were still using it.
342      * After doing this, DO NOT then attempt to deallocate any remaining subordinate DNSServiceRef's.
343      * The memory used by those subordinate DNSServiceRef's has already been freed, so any attempt
344      * to do a DNSServiceRefDeallocate (or any other operation) on them will result in accesses
345      * to freed memory, leading to crashes or other equally undesirable results.
346      *
347      * 5. Thread Safety
348      * The dns_sd.h API does not presuppose any particular threading model, and consequently
349      * does no locking internally (which would require linking with a specific threading library).
350      * If the client concurrently, from multiple threads (or contexts), calls API routines using
351      * the same DNSServiceRef, it is the client's responsibility to provide mutual exclusion for
352      * that DNSServiceRef.
353 
354      * For example, use of DNSServiceRefDeallocate requires caution. A common mistake is as follows:
355      * Thread B calls DNSServiceRefDeallocate to deallocate sdRef while Thread A is processing events
356      * using sdRef. Doing this will lead to intermittent crashes on thread A if the sdRef is used after
357      * it was deallocated.
358 
359      * A telltale sign of this crash type is to see DNSServiceProcessResult on the stack preceding the
360      * actual crash location.
361 
362      * To state this more explicitly, mDNSResponder does not queue DNSServiceRefDeallocate so
363      * that it occurs discretely before or after an event is handled.
364      */
365 
366     kDNSServiceFlagsSuppressUnusable    = 0x8000,
367     /*
368      * This flag is meaningful only in DNSServiceQueryRecord which suppresses unusable queries on the
369      * wire. If "hostname" is a wide-area unicast DNS hostname (i.e. not a ".local." name)
370      * but this host has no routable IPv6 address, then the call will not try to look up IPv6 addresses
371      * for "hostname", since any addresses it found would be unlikely to be of any use anyway. Similarly,
372      * if this host has no routable IPv4 address, the call will not try to look up IPv4 addresses for
373      * "hostname".
374      */
375 
376     kDNSServiceFlagsTimeout            = 0x10000,
377     /*
378      * When kDNServiceFlagsTimeout is passed to DNSServiceQueryRecord or DNSServiceGetAddrInfo, the query is
379      * stopped after a certain number of seconds have elapsed. The time at which the query will be stopped
380      * is determined by the system and cannot be configured by the user. The query will be stopped irrespective
381      * of whether a response was given earlier or not. When the query is stopped, the callback will be called
382      * with an error code of kDNSServiceErr_Timeout and a NULL sockaddr will be returned for DNSServiceGetAddrInfo
383      * and zero length rdata will be returned for DNSServiceQueryRecord.
384      */
385 
386     kDNSServiceFlagsIncludeP2P          = 0x20000,
387     /*
388      * Include P2P interfaces when kDNSServiceInterfaceIndexAny is specified.
389      * By default, specifying kDNSServiceInterfaceIndexAny does not include P2P interfaces.
390      */
391 
392     kDNSServiceFlagsWakeOnResolve      = 0x40000,
393     /*
394     * This flag is meaningful only in DNSServiceResolve. When set, it tries to send a magic packet
395     * to wake up the client.
396     */
397 
398     kDNSServiceFlagsBackgroundTrafficClass  = 0x80000,
399     /*
400     * This flag is meaningful for Unicast DNS queries. When set, it uses the background traffic
401     * class for packets that service the request.
402     */
403 
404     kDNSServiceFlagsIncludeAWDL      = 0x100000,
405    /*
406     * Include AWDL interface when kDNSServiceInterfaceIndexAny is specified.
407     */
408 
409     kDNSServiceFlagsValidate               = 0x200000,
410    /*
411     * This flag is meaningful in DNSServiceGetAddrInfo and DNSServiceQueryRecord. This is the ONLY flag to be valid
412     * as an input to the APIs and also an output through the callbacks in the APIs.
413     *
414     * When this flag is passed to DNSServiceQueryRecord and DNSServiceGetAddrInfo to resolve unicast names,
415     * the response  will be validated using DNSSEC. The validation results are delivered using the flags field in
416     * the callback and kDNSServiceFlagsValidate is marked in the flags to indicate that DNSSEC status is also available.
417     * When the callback is called to deliver the query results, the validation results may or may not be available.
418     * If it is not delivered along with the results, the validation status is delivered when the validation completes.
419     *
420     * When the validation results are delivered in the callback, it is indicated by marking the flags with
421     * kDNSServiceFlagsValidate and kDNSServiceFlagsAdd along with the DNSSEC status flags (described below) and a NULL
422     * sockaddr will be returned for DNSServiceGetAddrInfo and zero length rdata will be returned for DNSServiceQueryRecord.
423     * DNSSEC validation results are for the whole RRSet and not just individual records delivered in the callback. When
424     * kDNSServiceFlagsAdd is not set in the flags, applications should implicitly assume that the DNSSEC status of the
425     * RRSet that has been delivered up until that point is not valid anymore, till another callback is called with
426     * kDNSServiceFlagsAdd and kDNSServiceFlagsValidate.
427     *
428     * The following four flags indicate the status of the DNSSEC validation and marked in the flags field of the callback.
429     * When any of the four flags is set, kDNSServiceFlagsValidate will also be set. To check the validation status, the
430     * other applicable output flags should be masked. See kDNSServiceOutputFlags below.
431     */
432 
433     kDNSServiceFlagsSecure                 = 0x200010,
434    /*
435     * The response has been validated by verifying all the signatures in the response and was able to
436     * build a successful authentication chain starting from a known trust anchor.
437     */
438 
439     kDNSServiceFlagsInsecure               = 0x200020,
440    /*
441     * A chain of trust cannot be built starting from a known trust anchor to the response.
442     */
443 
444     kDNSServiceFlagsBogus                  = 0x200040,
445    /*
446     * If the response cannot be verified to be secure due to expired signatures, missing signatures etc.,
447     * then the results are considered to be bogus.
448     */
449 
450     kDNSServiceFlagsIndeterminate          = 0x200080,
451    /*
452     * There is no valid trust anchor that can be used to determine whether a response is secure or not.
453     */
454 
455     kDNSServiceFlagsUnicastResponse        = 0x400000,
456    /*
457     * Request unicast response to query.
458     */
459     kDNSServiceFlagsValidateOptional       = 0x800000,
460 
461     /*
462      * This flag is identical to kDNSServiceFlagsValidate except for the case where the response
463      * cannot be validated. If this flag is set in DNSServiceQueryRecord or DNSServiceGetAddrInfo,
464      * the DNSSEC records will be requested for validation. If they cannot be received for some reason
465      * during the validation (e.g., zone is not signed, zone is signed but cannot be traced back to
466      * root, recursive server does not understand DNSSEC etc.), then this will fallback to the default
467      * behavior where the validation will not be performed and no DNSSEC results will be provided.
468      *
469      * If the zone is signed and there is a valid path to a known trust anchor configured in the system
470      * and the application requires DNSSEC validation irrespective of the DNSSEC awareness in the current
471      * network, then this option MUST not be used. This is only intended to be used during the transition
472      * period where the different nodes participating in the DNS resolution may not understand DNSSEC or
473      * managed properly (e.g. missing DS record) but still want to be able to resolve DNS successfully.
474      */
475 
476     kDNSServiceFlagsWakeOnlyService        = 0x1000000,
477     /*
478      * This flag is meaningful only in DNSServiceRegister. When set, the service will not be registered
479      * with sleep proxy server during sleep.
480      */
481 
482     kDNSServiceFlagsThresholdOne           = 0x2000000,
483     kDNSServiceFlagsThresholdFinder        = 0x4000000,
484     kDNSServiceFlagsThresholdReached       = kDNSServiceFlagsThresholdOne,
485     /*
486      * kDNSServiceFlagsThresholdOne is meaningful only in DNSServiceBrowse. When set,
487      * the system will stop issuing browse queries on the network once the number
488      * of answers returned is one or more.  It will issue queries on the network
489      * again if the number of answers drops to zero.
490      * This flag is for Apple internal use only. Third party developers
491      * should not rely on this behavior being supported in any given software release.
492      *
493      * kDNSServiceFlagsThresholdFinder is meaningful only in DNSServiceBrowse. When set,
494      * the system will stop issuing browse queries on the network once the number
495      * of answers has reached the threshold set for Finder.
496      * It will issue queries on the network again if the number of answers drops below
497      * this threshold.
498      * This flag is for Apple internal use only. Third party developers
499      * should not rely on this behavior being supported in any given software release.
500      *
501      * When kDNSServiceFlagsThresholdReached is set in the client callback add or remove event,
502      * it indicates that the browse answer threshold has been reached and no
503      * browse requests will be generated on the network until the number of answers falls
504      * below the threshold value.  Add and remove events can still occur based
505      * on incoming Bonjour traffic observed by the system.
506      * The set of services return to the client is not guaranteed to represent the
507      * entire set of services present on the network once the threshold has been reached.
508      *
509      * Note, while kDNSServiceFlagsThresholdReached and kDNSServiceFlagsThresholdOne
510      * have the same value, there  isn't a conflict because kDNSServiceFlagsThresholdReached
511      * is only set in the callbacks and kDNSServiceFlagsThresholdOne is only set on
512      * input to a DNSServiceBrowse call.
513      */
514      kDNSServiceFlagsPrivateOne          = 0x8000000,
515     /*
516      * This flag is private and should not be used.
517      */
518 
519      kDNSServiceFlagsPrivateTwo           = 0x10000000,
520     /*
521      * This flag is private and should not be used.
522      */
523 
524      kDNSServiceFlagsPrivateThree         = 0x20000000,
525     /*
526      * This flag is private and should not be used.
527      */
528 
529      kDNSServiceFlagsPrivateFour       = 0x40000000
530     /*
531      * This flag is private and should not be used.
532      */
533 
534 };
535 
536 #define kDNSServiceOutputFlags (kDNSServiceFlagsValidate | kDNSServiceFlagsValidateOptional | kDNSServiceFlagsMoreComing | kDNSServiceFlagsAdd | kDNSServiceFlagsDefault)
537    /* All the output flags excluding the DNSSEC Status flags. Typically used to check DNSSEC Status */
538 
539 /* Possible protocol values */
540 enum
541 {
542     /* for DNSServiceGetAddrInfo() */
543     kDNSServiceProtocol_IPv4 = 0x01,
544     kDNSServiceProtocol_IPv6 = 0x02,
545     /* 0x04 and 0x08 reserved for future internetwork protocols */
546 
547     /* for DNSServiceNATPortMappingCreate() */
548     kDNSServiceProtocol_UDP  = 0x10,
549     kDNSServiceProtocol_TCP  = 0x20
550                                /* 0x40 and 0x80 reserved for future transport protocols, e.g. SCTP [RFC 2960]
551                                 * or DCCP [RFC 4340]. If future NAT gateways are created that support port
552                                 * mappings for these protocols, new constants will be defined here.
553                                 */
554 };
555 
556 /*
557  * The values for DNS Classes and Types are listed in RFC 1035, and are available
558  * on every OS in its DNS header file. Unfortunately every OS does not have the
559  * same header file containing DNS Class and Type constants, and the names of
560  * the constants are not consistent. For example, BIND 8 uses "T_A",
561  * BIND 9 uses "ns_t_a", Windows uses "DNS_TYPE_A", etc.
562  * For this reason, these constants are also listed here, so that code using
563  * the DNS-SD programming APIs can use these constants, so that the same code
564  * can compile on all our supported platforms.
565  */
566 
567 enum
568 {
569     kDNSServiceClass_IN       = 1       /* Internet */
570 };
571 
572 enum
573 {
574     kDNSServiceType_A          = 1,      /* Host address. */
575     kDNSServiceType_NS         = 2,      /* Authoritative server. */
576     kDNSServiceType_MD         = 3,      /* Mail destination. */
577     kDNSServiceType_MF         = 4,      /* Mail forwarder. */
578     kDNSServiceType_CNAME      = 5,      /* Canonical name. */
579     kDNSServiceType_SOA        = 6,      /* Start of authority zone. */
580     kDNSServiceType_MB         = 7,      /* Mailbox domain name. */
581     kDNSServiceType_MG         = 8,      /* Mail group member. */
582     kDNSServiceType_MR         = 9,      /* Mail rename name. */
583     kDNSServiceType_NULL       = 10,     /* Null resource record. */
584     kDNSServiceType_WKS        = 11,     /* Well known service. */
585     kDNSServiceType_PTR        = 12,     /* Domain name pointer. */
586     kDNSServiceType_HINFO      = 13,     /* Host information. */
587     kDNSServiceType_MINFO      = 14,     /* Mailbox information. */
588     kDNSServiceType_MX         = 15,     /* Mail routing information. */
589     kDNSServiceType_TXT        = 16,     /* One or more text strings (NOT "zero or more..."). */
590     kDNSServiceType_RP         = 17,     /* Responsible person. */
591     kDNSServiceType_AFSDB      = 18,     /* AFS cell database. */
592     kDNSServiceType_X25        = 19,     /* X_25 calling address. */
593     kDNSServiceType_ISDN       = 20,     /* ISDN calling address. */
594     kDNSServiceType_RT         = 21,     /* Router. */
595     kDNSServiceType_NSAP       = 22,     /* NSAP address. */
596     kDNSServiceType_NSAP_PTR   = 23,     /* Reverse NSAP lookup (deprecated). */
597     kDNSServiceType_SIG        = 24,     /* Security signature. */
598     kDNSServiceType_KEY        = 25,     /* Security key. */
599     kDNSServiceType_PX         = 26,     /* X.400 mail mapping. */
600     kDNSServiceType_GPOS       = 27,     /* Geographical position (withdrawn). */
601     kDNSServiceType_AAAA       = 28,     /* IPv6 Address. */
602     kDNSServiceType_LOC        = 29,     /* Location Information. */
603     kDNSServiceType_NXT        = 30,     /* Next domain (security). */
604     kDNSServiceType_EID        = 31,     /* Endpoint identifier. */
605     kDNSServiceType_NIMLOC     = 32,     /* Nimrod Locator. */
606     kDNSServiceType_SRV        = 33,     /* Server Selection. */
607     kDNSServiceType_ATMA       = 34,     /* ATM Address */
608     kDNSServiceType_NAPTR      = 35,     /* Naming Authority PoinTeR */
609     kDNSServiceType_KX         = 36,     /* Key Exchange */
610     kDNSServiceType_CERT       = 37,     /* Certification record */
611     kDNSServiceType_A6         = 38,     /* IPv6 Address (deprecated) */
612     kDNSServiceType_DNAME      = 39,     /* Non-terminal DNAME (for IPv6) */
613     kDNSServiceType_SINK       = 40,     /* Kitchen sink (experimental) */
614     kDNSServiceType_OPT        = 41,     /* EDNS0 option (meta-RR) */
615     kDNSServiceType_APL        = 42,     /* Address Prefix List */
616     kDNSServiceType_DS         = 43,     /* Delegation Signer */
617     kDNSServiceType_SSHFP      = 44,     /* SSH Key Fingerprint */
618     kDNSServiceType_IPSECKEY   = 45,     /* IPSECKEY */
619     kDNSServiceType_RRSIG      = 46,     /* RRSIG */
620     kDNSServiceType_NSEC       = 47,     /* Denial of Existence */
621     kDNSServiceType_DNSKEY     = 48,     /* DNSKEY */
622     kDNSServiceType_DHCID      = 49,     /* DHCP Client Identifier */
623     kDNSServiceType_NSEC3      = 50,     /* Hashed Authenticated Denial of Existence */
624     kDNSServiceType_NSEC3PARAM = 51,     /* Hashed Authenticated Denial of Existence */
625 
626     kDNSServiceType_HIP        = 55,     /* Host Identity Protocol */
627 
628     kDNSServiceType_SPF        = 99,     /* Sender Policy Framework for E-Mail */
629     kDNSServiceType_UINFO      = 100,    /* IANA-Reserved */
630     kDNSServiceType_UID        = 101,    /* IANA-Reserved */
631     kDNSServiceType_GID        = 102,    /* IANA-Reserved */
632     kDNSServiceType_UNSPEC     = 103,    /* IANA-Reserved */
633 
634     kDNSServiceType_TKEY       = 249,    /* Transaction key */
635     kDNSServiceType_TSIG       = 250,    /* Transaction signature. */
636     kDNSServiceType_IXFR       = 251,    /* Incremental zone transfer. */
637     kDNSServiceType_AXFR       = 252,    /* Transfer zone of authority. */
638     kDNSServiceType_MAILB      = 253,    /* Transfer mailbox records. */
639     kDNSServiceType_MAILA      = 254,    /* Transfer mail agent records. */
640     kDNSServiceType_ANY        = 255     /* Wildcard match. */
641 };
642 
643 /* possible error code values */
644 enum
645 {
646     kDNSServiceErr_NoError                   = 0,
647     kDNSServiceErr_Unknown                   = -65537,  /* 0xFFFE FFFF */
648     kDNSServiceErr_NoSuchName                = -65538,
649     kDNSServiceErr_NoMemory                  = -65539,
650     kDNSServiceErr_BadParam                  = -65540,
651     kDNSServiceErr_BadReference              = -65541,
652     kDNSServiceErr_BadState                  = -65542,
653     kDNSServiceErr_BadFlags                  = -65543,
654     kDNSServiceErr_Unsupported               = -65544,
655     kDNSServiceErr_NotInitialized            = -65545,
656     kDNSServiceErr_AlreadyRegistered         = -65547,
657     kDNSServiceErr_NameConflict              = -65548,
658     kDNSServiceErr_Invalid                   = -65549,
659     kDNSServiceErr_Firewall                  = -65550,
660     kDNSServiceErr_Incompatible              = -65551,  /* client library incompatible with daemon */
661     kDNSServiceErr_BadInterfaceIndex         = -65552,
662     kDNSServiceErr_Refused                   = -65553,
663     kDNSServiceErr_NoSuchRecord              = -65554,
664     kDNSServiceErr_NoAuth                    = -65555,
665     kDNSServiceErr_NoSuchKey                 = -65556,
666     kDNSServiceErr_NATTraversal              = -65557,
667     kDNSServiceErr_DoubleNAT                 = -65558,
668     kDNSServiceErr_BadTime                   = -65559,  /* Codes up to here existed in Tiger */
669     kDNSServiceErr_BadSig                    = -65560,
670     kDNSServiceErr_BadKey                    = -65561,
671     kDNSServiceErr_Transient                 = -65562,
672     kDNSServiceErr_ServiceNotRunning         = -65563,  /* Background daemon not running */
673     kDNSServiceErr_NATPortMappingUnsupported = -65564,  /* NAT doesn't support PCP, NAT-PMP or UPnP */
674     kDNSServiceErr_NATPortMappingDisabled    = -65565,  /* NAT supports PCP, NAT-PMP or UPnP, but it's disabled by the administrator */
675     kDNSServiceErr_NoRouter                  = -65566,  /* No router currently configured (probably no network connectivity) */
676     kDNSServiceErr_PollingMode               = -65567,
677     kDNSServiceErr_Timeout                   = -65568
678 
679                                                /* mDNS Error codes are in the range
680                                                 * FFFE FF00 (-65792) to FFFE FFFF (-65537) */
681 };
682 
683 /* Maximum length, in bytes, of a service name represented as a */
684 /* literal C-String, including the terminating NULL at the end. */
685 
686 #define kDNSServiceMaxServiceName 64
687 
688 /* Maximum length, in bytes, of a domain name represented as an *escaped* C-String */
689 /* including the final trailing dot, and the C-String terminating NULL at the end. */
690 
691 #define kDNSServiceMaxDomainName 1009
692 
693 /*
694  * Notes on DNS Name Escaping
695  *   -- or --
696  * "Why is kDNSServiceMaxDomainName 1009, when the maximum legal domain name is 256 bytes?"
697  *
698  * All strings used in the DNS-SD APIs are UTF-8 strings.
699  * Apart from the exceptions noted below, the APIs expect the strings to be properly escaped, using the
700  * conventional DNS escaping rules, as used by the traditional DNS res_query() API, as described below:
701  *
702  * Generally all UTF-8 characters (which includes all US ASCII characters) represent themselves,
703  * with two exceptions, the dot ('.') character, which is the label separator,
704  * and the backslash ('\') character, which is the escape character.
705  * The escape character ('\') is interpreted as described below:
706  *
707  *   '\ddd', where ddd is a three-digit decimal value from 000 to 255,
708  *        represents a single literal byte with that value. Any byte value may be
709  *        represented in '\ddd' format, even characters that don't strictly need to be escaped.
710  *        For example, the ASCII code for 'w' is 119, and therefore '\119' is equivalent to 'w'.
711  *        Thus the command "ping '\119\119\119.apple.com'" is the equivalent to the command "ping 'www.apple.com'".
712  *        Nonprinting ASCII characters in the range 0-31 are often represented this way.
713  *        In particular, the ASCII NUL character (0) cannot appear in a C string because C uses it as the
714  *        string terminator character, so ASCII NUL in a domain name has to be represented in a C string as '\000'.
715  *        Other characters like space (ASCII code 32) are sometimes represented as '\032'
716  *        in contexts where having an actual space character in a C string would be inconvenient.
717  *
718  *   Otherwise, for all cases where a '\' is followed by anything other than a three-digit decimal value
719  *        from 000 to 255, the character sequence '\x' represents a single literal occurrence of character 'x'.
720  *        This is legal for any character, so, for example, '\w' is equivalent to 'w'.
721  *        Thus the command "ping '\w\w\w.apple.com'" is the equivalent to the command "ping 'www.apple.com'".
722  *        However, this encoding is most useful when representing the characters '.' and '\',
723  *        which otherwise would have special meaning in DNS name strings.
724  *        This means that the following encodings are particularly common:
725  *        '\\' represents a single literal '\' in the name
726  *        '\.' represents a single literal '.' in the name
727  *
728  *   A lone escape character ('\') appearing at the end of a string is not allowed, since it is
729  *        followed by neither a three-digit decimal value from 000 to 255 nor a single character.
730  *        If a lone escape character ('\') does appear as the last character of a string, it is silently ignored.
731  *
732  * The exceptions, that do not use escaping, are the routines where the full
733  * DNS name of a resource is broken, for convenience, into servicename/regtype/domain.
734  * In these routines, the "servicename" is NOT escaped. It does not need to be, since
735  * it is, by definition, just a single literal string. Any characters in that string
736  * represent exactly what they are. The "regtype" portion is, technically speaking,
737  * escaped, but since legal regtypes are only allowed to contain US ASCII letters,
738  * digits, and hyphens, there is nothing to escape, so the issue is moot.
739  * The "domain" portion is also escaped, though most domains in use on the public
740  * Internet today, like regtypes, don't contain any characters that need to be escaped.
741  * As DNS-SD becomes more popular, rich-text domains for service discovery will
742  * become common, so software should be written to cope with domains with escaping.
743  *
744  * The servicename may be up to 63 bytes of UTF-8 text (not counting the C-String
745  * terminating NULL at the end). The regtype is of the form _service._tcp or
746  * _service._udp, where the "service" part is 1-15 characters, which may be
747  * letters, digits, or hyphens. The domain part of the three-part name may be
748  * any legal domain, providing that the resulting servicename+regtype+domain
749  * name does not exceed 256 bytes.
750  *
751  * For most software, these issues are transparent. When browsing, the discovered
752  * servicenames should simply be displayed as-is. When resolving, the discovered
753  * servicename/regtype/domain are simply passed unchanged to DNSServiceResolve().
754  * When a DNSServiceResolve() succeeds, the returned fullname is already in
755  * the correct format to pass to standard system DNS APIs such as res_query().
756  * For converting from servicename/regtype/domain to a single properly-escaped
757  * full DNS name, the helper function DNSServiceConstructFullName() is provided.
758  *
759  * The following (highly contrived) example illustrates the escaping process.
760  * Suppose you have a service called "Dr. Smith\Dr. Johnson", of type "_ftp._tcp"
761  * in subdomain "4th. Floor" of subdomain "Building 2" of domain "apple.com."
762  * The full (escaped) DNS name of this service's SRV record would be:
763  * Dr\.\032Smith\\Dr\.\032Johnson._ftp._tcp.4th\.\032Floor.Building\0322.apple.com.
764  */
765 
766 
767 /*
768  * Constants for specifying an interface index
769  *
770  * Specific interface indexes are identified via a 32-bit unsigned integer returned
771  * by the if_nametoindex() family of calls.
772  *
773  * If the client passes 0 for interface index, that means "do the right thing",
774  * which (at present) means, "if the name is in an mDNS local multicast domain
775  * (e.g. 'local.', '254.169.in-addr.arpa.', '{8,9,A,B}.E.F.ip6.arpa.') then multicast
776  * on all applicable interfaces, otherwise send via unicast to the appropriate
777  * DNS server." Normally, most clients will use 0 for interface index to
778  * automatically get the default sensible behaviour.
779  *
780  * If the client passes a positive interface index, then that indicates to do the
781  * operation only on that one specified interface.
782  *
783  * If the client passes kDNSServiceInterfaceIndexLocalOnly when registering
784  * a service, then that service will be found *only* by other local clients
785  * on the same machine that are browsing using kDNSServiceInterfaceIndexLocalOnly
786  * or kDNSServiceInterfaceIndexAny.
787  * If a client has a 'private' service, accessible only to other processes
788  * running on the same machine, this allows the client to advertise that service
789  * in a way such that it does not inadvertently appear in service lists on
790  * all the other machines on the network.
791  *
792  * If the client passes kDNSServiceInterfaceIndexLocalOnly when querying or
793  * browsing, then the LocalOnly authoritative records and /etc/hosts caches
794  * are searched and will find *all* records registered or configured on that
795  * same local machine.
796  *
797  * If interested in getting negative answers to local questions while querying
798  * or browsing, then set both the kDNSServiceInterfaceIndexLocalOnly and the
799  * kDNSServiceFlagsReturnIntermediates flags. If no local answers exist at this
800  * moment in time, then the reply will return an immediate negative answer. If
801  * local records are subsequently created that answer the question, then those
802  * answers will be delivered, for as long as the question is still active.
803  *
804  * If the kDNSServiceFlagsTimeout and kDNSServiceInterfaceIndexLocalOnly flags
805  * are set simultaneously when either DNSServiceQueryRecord or DNSServiceGetAddrInfo
806  * is called then both flags take effect. However, if DNSServiceQueryRecord is called
807  * with both the kDNSServiceFlagsSuppressUnusable and kDNSServiceInterfaceIndexLocalOnly
808  * flags set, then the kDNSServiceFlagsSuppressUnusable flag is ignored.
809  *
810  * Clients explicitly wishing to discover *only* LocalOnly services during a
811  * browse may do this, without flags, by inspecting the interfaceIndex of each
812  * service reported to a DNSServiceBrowseReply() callback function, and
813  * discarding those answers where the interface index is not set to
814  * kDNSServiceInterfaceIndexLocalOnly.
815  *
816  * kDNSServiceInterfaceIndexP2P is meaningful only in Browse, QueryRecord, Register,
817  * and Resolve operations. It should not be used in other DNSService APIs.
818  *
819  * - If kDNSServiceInterfaceIndexP2P is passed to DNSServiceBrowse or
820  *   DNSServiceQueryRecord, it restricts the operation to P2P.
821  *
822  * - If kDNSServiceInterfaceIndexP2P is passed to DNSServiceRegister, it is
823  *   mapped internally to kDNSServiceInterfaceIndexAny with the kDNSServiceFlagsIncludeP2P
824  *   set.
825  *
826  * - If kDNSServiceInterfaceIndexP2P is passed to DNSServiceResolve, it is
827  *   mapped internally to kDNSServiceInterfaceIndexAny with the kDNSServiceFlagsIncludeP2P
828  *   set, because resolving a P2P service may create and/or enable an interface whose
829  *   index is not known a priori. The resolve callback will indicate the index of the
830  *   interface via which the service can be accessed.
831  *
832  * If applications pass kDNSServiceInterfaceIndexAny to DNSServiceBrowse
833  * or DNSServiceQueryRecord, they must set the kDNSServiceFlagsIncludeP2P flag
834  * to include P2P. In this case, if a service instance or the record being queried
835  * is found over P2P, the resulting ADD event will indicate kDNSServiceInterfaceIndexP2P
836  * as the interface index.
837  */
838 
839 #define kDNSServiceInterfaceIndexAny 0
840 #define kDNSServiceInterfaceIndexLocalOnly ((uint32_t)-1)
841 #define kDNSServiceInterfaceIndexUnicast   ((uint32_t)-2)
842 #define kDNSServiceInterfaceIndexP2P       ((uint32_t)-3)
843 #define kDNSServiceInterfaceIndexBLE       ((uint32_t)-4)
844 
845 typedef uint32_t DNSServiceFlags;
846 typedef uint32_t DNSServiceProtocol;
847 typedef int32_t DNSServiceErrorType;
848 
849 
850 /*********************************************************************************************
851 *
852 * Version checking
853 *
854 *********************************************************************************************/
855 
856 /* DNSServiceGetProperty() Parameters:
857  *
858  * property:        The requested property.
859  *                  Currently the only property defined is kDNSServiceProperty_DaemonVersion.
860  *
861  * result:          Place to store result.
862  *                  For retrieving DaemonVersion, this should be the address of a uint32_t.
863  *
864  * size:            Pointer to uint32_t containing size of the result location.
865  *                  For retrieving DaemonVersion, this should be sizeof(uint32_t).
866  *                  On return the uint32_t is updated to the size of the data returned.
867  *                  For DaemonVersion, the returned size is always sizeof(uint32_t), but
868  *                  future properties could be defined which return variable-sized results.
869  *
870  * return value:    Returns kDNSServiceErr_NoError on success, or kDNSServiceErr_ServiceNotRunning
871  *                  if the daemon (or "system service" on Windows) is not running.
872  */
873 
874 DNSServiceErrorType DNSSD_API DNSServiceGetProperty
875 (
876     const char *property,  /* Requested property (i.e. kDNSServiceProperty_DaemonVersion) */
877     void       *result,    /* Pointer to place to store result */
878     uint32_t   *size       /* size of result location */
879 );
880 
881 /*
882  * When requesting kDNSServiceProperty_DaemonVersion, the result pointer must point
883  * to a 32-bit unsigned integer, and the size parameter must be set to sizeof(uint32_t).
884  *
885  * On return, the 32-bit unsigned integer contains the API version number
886  *
887  * For example, Mac OS X 10.4.9 has API version 1080400.
888  * This allows applications to do simple greater-than and less-than comparisons:
889  * e.g. an application that requires at least API version 1080400 can check:
890  *   if (version >= 1080400) ...
891  *
892  * Example usage:
893  * uint32_t version;
894  * uint32_t size = sizeof(version);
895  * DNSServiceErrorType err = DNSServiceGetProperty(kDNSServiceProperty_DaemonVersion, &version, &size);
896  * if (!err) printf("DNS_SD API version is %d.%d\n", version / 10000, version / 100 % 100);
897  */
898 
899 #define kDNSServiceProperty_DaemonVersion "DaemonVersion"
900 
901 /*********************************************************************************************
902 *
903 * Unix Domain Socket access, DNSServiceRef deallocation, and data processing functions
904 *
905 *********************************************************************************************/
906 
907 /* DNSServiceRefSockFD()
908  *
909  * Access underlying Unix domain socket for an initialized DNSServiceRef.
910  * The DNS Service Discovery implementation uses this socket to communicate between the client and
911  * the daemon. The application MUST NOT directly read from or write to this socket.
912  * Access to the socket is provided so that it can be used as a kqueue event source, a CFRunLoop
913  * event source, in a select() loop, etc. When the underlying event management subsystem (kqueue/
914  * select/CFRunLoop etc.) indicates to the client that data is available for reading on the
915  * socket, the client should call DNSServiceProcessResult(), which will extract the daemon's
916  * reply from the socket, and pass it to the appropriate application callback. By using a run
917  * loop or select(), results from the daemon can be processed asynchronously. Alternatively,
918  * a client can choose to fork a thread and have it loop calling "DNSServiceProcessResult(ref);"
919  * If DNSServiceProcessResult() is called when no data is available for reading on the socket, it
920  * will block until data does become available, and then process the data and return to the caller.
921  * The application is responsible for checking the return value of DNSServiceProcessResult()
922  * to determine if the socket is valid and if it should continue to process data on the socket.
923  * When data arrives on the socket, the client is responsible for calling DNSServiceProcessResult(ref)
924  * in a timely fashion -- if the client allows a large backlog of data to build up the daemon
925  * may terminate the connection.
926  *
927  * sdRef:           A DNSServiceRef initialized by any of the DNSService calls.
928  *
929  * return value:    The DNSServiceRef's underlying socket descriptor, or -1 on
930  *                  error.
931  */
932 
933 dnssd_sock_t DNSSD_API DNSServiceRefSockFD(DNSServiceRef sdRef);
934 
935 
936 /* DNSServiceProcessResult()
937  *
938  * Read a reply from the daemon, calling the appropriate application callback. This call will
939  * block until the daemon's response is received. Use DNSServiceRefSockFD() in
940  * conjunction with a run loop or select() to determine the presence of a response from the
941  * server before calling this function to process the reply without blocking. Call this function
942  * at any point if it is acceptable to block until the daemon's response arrives. Note that the
943  * client is responsible for ensuring that DNSServiceProcessResult() is called whenever there is
944  * a reply from the daemon - the daemon may terminate its connection with a client that does not
945  * process the daemon's responses.
946  *
947  * sdRef:           A DNSServiceRef initialized by any of the DNSService calls
948  *                  that take a callback parameter.
949  *
950  * return value:    Returns kDNSServiceErr_NoError on success, otherwise returns
951  *                  an error code indicating the specific failure that occurred.
952  */
953 
954 DNSServiceErrorType DNSSD_API DNSServiceProcessResult(DNSServiceRef sdRef);
955 
956 
957 /* DNSServiceRefDeallocate()
958  *
959  * Terminate a connection with the daemon and free memory associated with the DNSServiceRef.
960  * Any services or records registered with this DNSServiceRef will be deregistered. Any
961  * Browse, Resolve, or Query operations called with this reference will be terminated.
962  *
963  * Note: If the reference's underlying socket is used in a run loop or select() call, it should
964  * be removed BEFORE DNSServiceRefDeallocate() is called, as this function closes the reference's
965  * socket.
966  *
967  * Note: If the reference was initialized with DNSServiceCreateConnection(), any DNSRecordRefs
968  * created via this reference will be invalidated by this call - the resource records are
969  * deregistered, and their DNSRecordRefs may not be used in subsequent functions. Similarly,
970  * if the reference was initialized with DNSServiceRegister, and an extra resource record was
971  * added to the service via DNSServiceAddRecord(), the DNSRecordRef created by the Add() call
972  * is invalidated when this function is called - the DNSRecordRef may not be used in subsequent
973  * functions.
974  *
975  * Note: This call is to be used only with the DNSServiceRef defined by this API.
976  *
977  * sdRef:           A DNSServiceRef initialized by any of the DNSService calls.
978  *
979  */
980 
981 void DNSSD_API DNSServiceRefDeallocate(DNSServiceRef sdRef);
982 
983 
984 /*********************************************************************************************
985 *
986 * Domain Enumeration
987 *
988 *********************************************************************************************/
989 
990 /* DNSServiceEnumerateDomains()
991  *
992  * Asynchronously enumerate domains available for browsing and registration.
993  *
994  * The enumeration MUST be cancelled via DNSServiceRefDeallocate() when no more domains
995  * are to be found.
996  *
997  * Note that the names returned are (like all of DNS-SD) UTF-8 strings,
998  * and are escaped using standard DNS escaping rules.
999  * (See "Notes on DNS Name Escaping" earlier in this file for more details.)
1000  * A graphical browser displaying a hierarchical tree-structured view should cut
1001  * the names at the bare dots to yield individual labels, then de-escape each
1002  * label according to the escaping rules, and then display the resulting UTF-8 text.
1003  *
1004  * DNSServiceDomainEnumReply Callback Parameters:
1005  *
1006  * sdRef:           The DNSServiceRef initialized by DNSServiceEnumerateDomains().
1007  *
1008  * flags:           Possible values are:
1009  *                  kDNSServiceFlagsMoreComing
1010  *                  kDNSServiceFlagsAdd
1011  *                  kDNSServiceFlagsDefault
1012  *
1013  * interfaceIndex:  Specifies the interface on which the domain exists. (The index for a given
1014  *                  interface is determined via the if_nametoindex() family of calls.)
1015  *
1016  * errorCode:       Will be kDNSServiceErr_NoError (0) on success, otherwise indicates
1017  *                  the failure that occurred (other parameters are undefined if errorCode is nonzero).
1018  *
1019  * replyDomain:     The name of the domain.
1020  *
1021  * context:         The context pointer passed to DNSServiceEnumerateDomains.
1022  *
1023  */
1024 
1025 typedef void (DNSSD_API *DNSServiceDomainEnumReply)
1026 (
1027     DNSServiceRef sdRef,
1028     DNSServiceFlags flags,
1029     uint32_t interfaceIndex,
1030     DNSServiceErrorType errorCode,
1031     const char                          *replyDomain,
1032     void                                *context
1033 );
1034 
1035 
1036 /* DNSServiceEnumerateDomains() Parameters:
1037  *
1038  * sdRef:           A pointer to an uninitialized DNSServiceRef. If the call succeeds
1039  *                  then it initializes the DNSServiceRef, returns kDNSServiceErr_NoError,
1040  *                  and the enumeration operation will run indefinitely until the client
1041  *                  terminates it by passing this DNSServiceRef to DNSServiceRefDeallocate().
1042  *
1043  * flags:           Possible values are:
1044  *                  kDNSServiceFlagsBrowseDomains to enumerate domains recommended for browsing.
1045  *                  kDNSServiceFlagsRegistrationDomains to enumerate domains recommended
1046  *                  for registration.
1047  *
1048  * interfaceIndex:  If non-zero, specifies the interface on which to look for domains.
1049  *                  (the index for a given interface is determined via the if_nametoindex()
1050  *                  family of calls.) Most applications will pass 0 to enumerate domains on
1051  *                  all interfaces. See "Constants for specifying an interface index" for more details.
1052  *
1053  * callBack:        The function to be called when a domain is found or the call asynchronously
1054  *                  fails.
1055  *
1056  * context:         An application context pointer which is passed to the callback function
1057  *                  (may be NULL).
1058  *
1059  * return value:    Returns kDNSServiceErr_NoError on success (any subsequent, asynchronous
1060  *                  errors are delivered to the callback), otherwise returns an error code indicating
1061  *                  the error that occurred (the callback is not invoked and the DNSServiceRef
1062  *                  is not initialized).
1063  */
1064 
1065 DNSServiceErrorType DNSSD_API DNSServiceEnumerateDomains
1066 (
1067     DNSServiceRef                       *sdRef,
1068     DNSServiceFlags flags,
1069     uint32_t interfaceIndex,
1070     DNSServiceDomainEnumReply callBack,
1071     void                                *context  /* may be NULL */
1072 );
1073 
1074 
1075 /*********************************************************************************************
1076 *
1077 *  Service Registration
1078 *
1079 *********************************************************************************************/
1080 
1081 /* Register a service that is discovered via Browse() and Resolve() calls.
1082  *
1083  * DNSServiceRegisterReply() Callback Parameters:
1084  *
1085  * sdRef:           The DNSServiceRef initialized by DNSServiceRegister().
1086  *
1087  * flags:           When a name is successfully registered, the callback will be
1088  *                  invoked with the kDNSServiceFlagsAdd flag set. When Wide-Area
1089  *                  DNS-SD is in use, it is possible for a single service to get
1090  *                  more than one success callback (e.g. one in the "local" multicast
1091  *                  DNS domain, and another in a wide-area unicast DNS domain).
1092  *                  If a successfully-registered name later suffers a name conflict
1093  *                  or similar problem and has to be deregistered, the callback will
1094  *                  be invoked with the kDNSServiceFlagsAdd flag not set. The callback
1095  *                  is *not* invoked in the case where the caller explicitly terminates
1096  *                  the service registration by calling DNSServiceRefDeallocate(ref);
1097  *
1098  * errorCode:       Will be kDNSServiceErr_NoError on success, otherwise will
1099  *                  indicate the failure that occurred (including name conflicts,
1100  *                  if the kDNSServiceFlagsNoAutoRename flag was used when registering.)
1101  *                  Other parameters are undefined if errorCode is nonzero.
1102  *
1103  * name:            The service name registered (if the application did not specify a name in
1104  *                  DNSServiceRegister(), this indicates what name was automatically chosen).
1105  *
1106  * regtype:         The type of service registered, as it was passed to the callout.
1107  *
1108  * domain:          The domain on which the service was registered (if the application did not
1109  *                  specify a domain in DNSServiceRegister(), this indicates the default domain
1110  *                  on which the service was registered).
1111  *
1112  * context:         The context pointer that was passed to the callout.
1113  *
1114  */
1115 
1116 typedef void (DNSSD_API *DNSServiceRegisterReply)
1117 (
1118     DNSServiceRef sdRef,
1119     DNSServiceFlags flags,
1120     DNSServiceErrorType errorCode,
1121     const char                          *name,
1122     const char                          *regtype,
1123     const char                          *domain,
1124     void                                *context
1125 );
1126 
1127 
1128 /* DNSServiceRegister() Parameters:
1129  *
1130  * sdRef:           A pointer to an uninitialized DNSServiceRef. If the call succeeds
1131  *                  then it initializes the DNSServiceRef, returns kDNSServiceErr_NoError,
1132  *                  and the registration will remain active indefinitely until the client
1133  *                  terminates it by passing this DNSServiceRef to DNSServiceRefDeallocate().
1134  *
1135  * flags:           Indicates the renaming behavior on name conflict (most applications
1136  *                  will pass 0). See flag definitions above for details.
1137  *
1138  * interfaceIndex:  If non-zero, specifies the interface on which to register the service
1139  *                  (the index for a given interface is determined via the if_nametoindex()
1140  *                  family of calls.) Most applications will pass 0 to register on all
1141  *                  available interfaces. See "Constants for specifying an interface index" for more details.
1142  *
1143  * name:            If non-NULL, specifies the service name to be registered.
1144  *                  Most applications will not specify a name, in which case the computer
1145  *                  name is used (this name is communicated to the client via the callback).
1146  *                  If a name is specified, it must be 1-63 bytes of UTF-8 text.
1147  *                  If the name is longer than 63 bytes it will be automatically truncated
1148  *                  to a legal length, unless the NoAutoRename flag is set,
1149  *                  in which case kDNSServiceErr_BadParam will be returned.
1150  *
1151  * regtype:         The service type followed by the protocol, separated by a dot
1152  *                  (e.g. "_ftp._tcp"). The service type must be an underscore, followed
1153  *                  by 1-15 characters, which may be letters, digits, or hyphens.
1154  *                  The transport protocol must be "_tcp" or "_udp". New service types
1155  *                  should be registered at <http://www.dns-sd.org/ServiceTypes.html>.
1156  *
1157  *                  Additional subtypes of the primary service type (where a service
1158  *                  type has defined subtypes) follow the primary service type in a
1159  *                  comma-separated list, with no additional spaces, e.g.
1160  *                      "_primarytype._tcp,_subtype1,_subtype2,_subtype3"
1161  *                  Subtypes provide a mechanism for filtered browsing: A client browsing
1162  *                  for "_primarytype._tcp" will discover all instances of this type;
1163  *                  a client browsing for "_primarytype._tcp,_subtype2" will discover only
1164  *                  those instances that were registered with "_subtype2" in their list of
1165  *                  registered subtypes.
1166  *
1167  *                  The subtype mechanism can be illustrated with some examples using the
1168  *                  dns-sd command-line tool:
1169  *
1170  *                  % dns-sd -R Simple _test._tcp "" 1001 &
1171  *                  % dns-sd -R Better _test._tcp,HasFeatureA "" 1002 &
1172  *                  % dns-sd -R Best   _test._tcp,HasFeatureA,HasFeatureB "" 1003 &
1173  *
1174  *                  Now:
1175  *                  % dns-sd -B _test._tcp             # will find all three services
1176  *                  % dns-sd -B _test._tcp,HasFeatureA # finds "Better" and "Best"
1177  *                  % dns-sd -B _test._tcp,HasFeatureB # finds only "Best"
1178  *
1179  *                  Subtype labels may be up to 63 bytes long, and may contain any eight-
1180  *                  bit byte values, including zero bytes. However, due to the nature of
1181  *                  using a C-string-based API, conventional DNS escaping must be used for
1182  *                  dots ('.'), commas (','), backslashes ('\') and zero bytes, as shown below:
1183  *
1184  *                  % dns-sd -R Test '_test._tcp,s\.one,s\,two,s\\three,s\000four' local 123
1185  *
1186  *                  When a service is registered, all the clients browsing for the registered
1187  *                  type ("regtype") will discover it. If the discovery should be
1188  *                  restricted to a smaller set of well known peers, the service can be
1189  *                  registered with additional data (group identifier) that is known
1190  *                  only to a smaller set of peers. The group identifier should follow primary
1191  *                  service type using a colon (":") as a delimeter. If subtypes are also present,
1192  *                  it should be given before the subtype as shown below.
1193  *
1194  *                  % dns-sd -R _test1 _http._tcp:mygroup1 local 1001
1195  *                  % dns-sd -R _test2 _http._tcp:mygroup2 local 1001
1196  *                  % dns-sd -R _test3 _http._tcp:mygroup3,HasFeatureA local 1001
1197  *
1198  *                  Now:
1199  *                  % dns-sd -B _http._tcp:"mygroup1"                # will discover only test1
1200  *                  % dns-sd -B _http._tcp:"mygroup2"                # will discover only test2
1201  *                  % dns-sd -B _http._tcp:"mygroup3",HasFeatureA    # will discover only test3
1202  *
1203  *                  By specifying the group information, only the members of that group are
1204  *                  discovered.
1205  *
1206  *                  The group identifier itself is not sent in clear. Only a hash of the group
1207  *                  identifier is sent and the clients discover them anonymously. The group identifier
1208  *                  may be up to 256 bytes long and may contain any eight bit values except comma which
1209  *                  should be escaped.
1210  *
1211  * domain:          If non-NULL, specifies the domain on which to advertise the service.
1212  *                  Most applications will not specify a domain, instead automatically
1213  *                  registering in the default domain(s).
1214  *
1215  * host:            If non-NULL, specifies the SRV target host name. Most applications
1216  *                  will not specify a host, instead automatically using the machine's
1217  *                  default host name(s). Note that specifying a non-NULL host does NOT
1218  *                  create an address record for that host - the application is responsible
1219  *                  for ensuring that the appropriate address record exists, or creating it
1220  *                  via DNSServiceRegisterRecord().
1221  *
1222  * port:            The port, in network byte order, on which the service accepts connections.
1223  *                  Pass 0 for a "placeholder" service (i.e. a service that will not be discovered
1224  *                  by browsing, but will cause a name conflict if another client tries to
1225  *                  register that same name). Most clients will not use placeholder services.
1226  *
1227  * txtLen:          The length of the txtRecord, in bytes. Must be zero if the txtRecord is NULL.
1228  *
1229  * txtRecord:       The TXT record rdata. A non-NULL txtRecord MUST be a properly formatted DNS
1230  *                  TXT record, i.e. <length byte> <data> <length byte> <data> ...
1231  *                  Passing NULL for the txtRecord is allowed as a synonym for txtLen=1, txtRecord="",
1232  *                  i.e. it creates a TXT record of length one containing a single empty string.
1233  *                  RFC 1035 doesn't allow a TXT record to contain *zero* strings, so a single empty
1234  *                  string is the smallest legal DNS TXT record.
1235  *                  As with the other parameters, the DNSServiceRegister call copies the txtRecord
1236  *                  data; e.g. if you allocated the storage for the txtRecord parameter with malloc()
1237  *                  then you can safely free that memory right after the DNSServiceRegister call returns.
1238  *
1239  * callBack:        The function to be called when the registration completes or asynchronously
1240  *                  fails. The client MAY pass NULL for the callback -  The client will NOT be notified
1241  *                  of the default values picked on its behalf, and the client will NOT be notified of any
1242  *                  asynchronous errors (e.g. out of memory errors, etc.) that may prevent the registration
1243  *                  of the service. The client may NOT pass the NoAutoRename flag if the callback is NULL.
1244  *                  The client may still deregister the service at any time via DNSServiceRefDeallocate().
1245  *
1246  * context:         An application context pointer which is passed to the callback function
1247  *                  (may be NULL).
1248  *
1249  * return value:    Returns kDNSServiceErr_NoError on success (any subsequent, asynchronous
1250  *                  errors are delivered to the callback), otherwise returns an error code indicating
1251  *                  the error that occurred (the callback is never invoked and the DNSServiceRef
1252  *                  is not initialized).
1253  */
1254 
1255 DNSServiceErrorType DNSSD_API DNSServiceRegister
1256 (
1257     DNSServiceRef                       *sdRef,
1258     DNSServiceFlags flags,
1259     uint32_t interfaceIndex,
1260     const char                          *name,         /* may be NULL */
1261     const char                          *regtype,
1262     const char                          *domain,       /* may be NULL */
1263     const char                          *host,         /* may be NULL */
1264     uint16_t port,                                     /* In network byte order */
1265     uint16_t txtLen,
1266     const void                          *txtRecord,    /* may be NULL */
1267     DNSServiceRegisterReply callBack,                  /* may be NULL */
1268     void                                *context       /* may be NULL */
1269 );
1270 
1271 
1272 /* DNSServiceAddRecord()
1273  *
1274  * Add a record to a registered service. The name of the record will be the same as the
1275  * registered service's name.
1276  * The record can later be updated or deregistered by passing the RecordRef initialized
1277  * by this function to DNSServiceUpdateRecord() or DNSServiceRemoveRecord().
1278  *
1279  * Note that the DNSServiceAddRecord/UpdateRecord/RemoveRecord are *NOT* thread-safe
1280  * with respect to a single DNSServiceRef. If you plan to have multiple threads
1281  * in your program simultaneously add, update, or remove records from the same
1282  * DNSServiceRef, then it's the caller's responsibility to use a mutex lock
1283  * or take similar appropriate precautions to serialize those calls.
1284  *
1285  * Parameters;
1286  *
1287  * sdRef:           A DNSServiceRef initialized by DNSServiceRegister().
1288  *
1289  * RecordRef:       A pointer to an uninitialized DNSRecordRef. Upon succesfull completion of this
1290  *                  call, this ref may be passed to DNSServiceUpdateRecord() or DNSServiceRemoveRecord().
1291  *                  If the above DNSServiceRef is passed to DNSServiceRefDeallocate(), RecordRef is also
1292  *                  invalidated and may not be used further.
1293  *
1294  * flags:           Currently ignored, reserved for future use.
1295  *
1296  * rrtype:          The type of the record (e.g. kDNSServiceType_TXT, kDNSServiceType_SRV, etc)
1297  *
1298  * rdlen:           The length, in bytes, of the rdata.
1299  *
1300  * rdata:           The raw rdata to be contained in the added resource record.
1301  *
1302  * ttl:             The time to live of the resource record, in seconds.
1303  *                  Most clients should pass 0 to indicate that the system should
1304  *                  select a sensible default value.
1305  *
1306  * return value:    Returns kDNSServiceErr_NoError on success, otherwise returns an
1307  *                  error code indicating the error that occurred (the RecordRef is not initialized).
1308  */
1309 
1310 DNSServiceErrorType DNSSD_API DNSServiceAddRecord
1311 (
1312     DNSServiceRef sdRef,
1313     DNSRecordRef                        *RecordRef,
1314     DNSServiceFlags flags,
1315     uint16_t rrtype,
1316     uint16_t rdlen,
1317     const void                          *rdata,
1318     uint32_t ttl
1319 );
1320 
1321 
1322 /* DNSServiceUpdateRecord
1323  *
1324  * Update a registered resource record. The record must either be:
1325  *   - The primary txt record of a service registered via DNSServiceRegister()
1326  *   - A record added to a registered service via DNSServiceAddRecord()
1327  *   - An individual record registered by DNSServiceRegisterRecord()
1328  *
1329  * Parameters:
1330  *
1331  * sdRef:           A DNSServiceRef that was initialized by DNSServiceRegister()
1332  *                  or DNSServiceCreateConnection().
1333  *
1334  * RecordRef:       A DNSRecordRef initialized by DNSServiceAddRecord, or NULL to update the
1335  *                  service's primary txt record.
1336  *
1337  * flags:           Currently ignored, reserved for future use.
1338  *
1339  * rdlen:           The length, in bytes, of the new rdata.
1340  *
1341  * rdata:           The new rdata to be contained in the updated resource record.
1342  *
1343  * ttl:             The time to live of the updated resource record, in seconds.
1344  *                  Most clients should pass 0 to indicate that the system should
1345  *                  select a sensible default value.
1346  *
1347  * return value:    Returns kDNSServiceErr_NoError on success, otherwise returns an
1348  *                  error code indicating the error that occurred.
1349  */
1350 
1351 DNSServiceErrorType DNSSD_API DNSServiceUpdateRecord
1352 (
1353     DNSServiceRef sdRef,
1354     DNSRecordRef RecordRef,                            /* may be NULL */
1355     DNSServiceFlags flags,
1356     uint16_t rdlen,
1357     const void                          *rdata,
1358     uint32_t ttl
1359 );
1360 
1361 
1362 /* DNSServiceRemoveRecord
1363  *
1364  * Remove a record previously added to a service record set via DNSServiceAddRecord(), or deregister
1365  * a record registered individually via DNSServiceRegisterRecord().
1366  *
1367  * Parameters:
1368  *
1369  * sdRef:           A DNSServiceRef initialized by DNSServiceRegister() (if the
1370  *                  record being removed was registered via DNSServiceAddRecord()) or by
1371  *                  DNSServiceCreateConnection() (if the record being removed was registered via
1372  *                  DNSServiceRegisterRecord()).
1373  *
1374  * recordRef:       A DNSRecordRef initialized by a successful call to DNSServiceAddRecord()
1375  *                  or DNSServiceRegisterRecord().
1376  *
1377  * flags:           Currently ignored, reserved for future use.
1378  *
1379  * return value:    Returns kDNSServiceErr_NoError on success, otherwise returns an
1380  *                  error code indicating the error that occurred.
1381  */
1382 
1383 DNSServiceErrorType DNSSD_API DNSServiceRemoveRecord
1384 (
1385     DNSServiceRef sdRef,
1386     DNSRecordRef RecordRef,
1387     DNSServiceFlags flags
1388 );
1389 
1390 
1391 /*********************************************************************************************
1392 *
1393 *  Service Discovery
1394 *
1395 *********************************************************************************************/
1396 
1397 /* Browse for instances of a service.
1398  *
1399  * DNSServiceBrowseReply() Parameters:
1400  *
1401  * sdRef:           The DNSServiceRef initialized by DNSServiceBrowse().
1402  *
1403  * flags:           Possible values are kDNSServiceFlagsMoreComing and kDNSServiceFlagsAdd.
1404  *                  See flag definitions for details.
1405  *
1406  * interfaceIndex:  The interface on which the service is advertised. This index should
1407  *                  be passed to DNSServiceResolve() when resolving the service.
1408  *
1409  * errorCode:       Will be kDNSServiceErr_NoError (0) on success, otherwise will
1410  *                  indicate the failure that occurred. Other parameters are undefined if
1411  *                  the errorCode is nonzero.
1412  *
1413  * serviceName:     The discovered service name. This name should be displayed to the user,
1414  *                  and stored for subsequent use in the DNSServiceResolve() call.
1415  *
1416  * regtype:         The service type, which is usually (but not always) the same as was passed
1417  *                  to DNSServiceBrowse(). One case where the discovered service type may
1418  *                  not be the same as the requested service type is when using subtypes:
1419  *                  The client may want to browse for only those ftp servers that allow
1420  *                  anonymous connections. The client will pass the string "_ftp._tcp,_anon"
1421  *                  to DNSServiceBrowse(), but the type of the service that's discovered
1422  *                  is simply "_ftp._tcp". The regtype for each discovered service instance
1423  *                  should be stored along with the name, so that it can be passed to
1424  *                  DNSServiceResolve() when the service is later resolved.
1425  *
1426  * domain:          The domain of the discovered service instance. This may or may not be the
1427  *                  same as the domain that was passed to DNSServiceBrowse(). The domain for each
1428  *                  discovered service instance should be stored along with the name, so that
1429  *                  it can be passed to DNSServiceResolve() when the service is later resolved.
1430  *
1431  * context:         The context pointer that was passed to the callout.
1432  *
1433  */
1434 
1435 typedef void (DNSSD_API *DNSServiceBrowseReply)
1436 (
1437     DNSServiceRef sdRef,
1438     DNSServiceFlags flags,
1439     uint32_t interfaceIndex,
1440     DNSServiceErrorType errorCode,
1441     const char                          *serviceName,
1442     const char                          *regtype,
1443     const char                          *replyDomain,
1444     void                                *context
1445 );
1446 
1447 
1448 /* DNSServiceBrowse() Parameters:
1449  *
1450  * sdRef:           A pointer to an uninitialized DNSServiceRef. If the call succeeds
1451  *                  then it initializes the DNSServiceRef, returns kDNSServiceErr_NoError,
1452  *                  and the browse operation will run indefinitely until the client
1453  *                  terminates it by passing this DNSServiceRef to DNSServiceRefDeallocate().
1454  *
1455  * flags:           Currently ignored, reserved for future use.
1456  *
1457  * interfaceIndex:  If non-zero, specifies the interface on which to browse for services
1458  *                  (the index for a given interface is determined via the if_nametoindex()
1459  *                  family of calls.) Most applications will pass 0 to browse on all available
1460  *                  interfaces. See "Constants for specifying an interface index" for more details.
1461  *
1462  * regtype:         The service type being browsed for followed by the protocol, separated by a
1463  *                  dot (e.g. "_ftp._tcp"). The transport protocol must be "_tcp" or "_udp".
1464  *                  A client may optionally specify a single subtype to perform filtered browsing:
1465  *                  e.g. browsing for "_primarytype._tcp,_subtype" will discover only those
1466  *                  instances of "_primarytype._tcp" that were registered specifying "_subtype"
1467  *                  in their list of registered subtypes. Additionally, a group identifier may
1468  *                  also be specified before the subtype e.g., _primarytype._tcp:GroupID, which
1469  *                  will discover only the members that register the service with GroupID. See
1470  *                  DNSServiceRegister for more details.
1471  *
1472  * domain:          If non-NULL, specifies the domain on which to browse for services.
1473  *                  Most applications will not specify a domain, instead browsing on the
1474  *                  default domain(s).
1475  *
1476  * callBack:        The function to be called when an instance of the service being browsed for
1477  *                  is found, or if the call asynchronously fails.
1478  *
1479  * context:         An application context pointer which is passed to the callback function
1480  *                  (may be NULL).
1481  *
1482  * return value:    Returns kDNSServiceErr_NoError on success (any subsequent, asynchronous
1483  *                  errors are delivered to the callback), otherwise returns an error code indicating
1484  *                  the error that occurred (the callback is not invoked and the DNSServiceRef
1485  *                  is not initialized).
1486  */
1487 
1488 DNSServiceErrorType DNSSD_API DNSServiceBrowse
1489 (
1490     DNSServiceRef                       *sdRef,
1491     DNSServiceFlags flags,
1492     uint32_t interfaceIndex,
1493     const char                          *regtype,
1494     const char                          *domain,    /* may be NULL */
1495     DNSServiceBrowseReply callBack,
1496     void                                *context    /* may be NULL */
1497 );
1498 
1499 
1500 /* DNSServiceResolve()
1501  *
1502  * Resolve a service name discovered via DNSServiceBrowse() to a target host name, port number, and
1503  * txt record.
1504  *
1505  * Note: Applications should NOT use DNSServiceResolve() solely for txt record monitoring - use
1506  * DNSServiceQueryRecord() instead, as it is more efficient for this task.
1507  *
1508  * Note: When the desired results have been returned, the client MUST terminate the resolve by calling
1509  * DNSServiceRefDeallocate().
1510  *
1511  * Note: DNSServiceResolve() behaves correctly for typical services that have a single SRV record
1512  * and a single TXT record. To resolve non-standard services with multiple SRV or TXT records,
1513  * DNSServiceQueryRecord() should be used.
1514  *
1515  * DNSServiceResolveReply Callback Parameters:
1516  *
1517  * sdRef:           The DNSServiceRef initialized by DNSServiceResolve().
1518  *
1519  * flags:           Possible values: kDNSServiceFlagsMoreComing
1520  *
1521  * interfaceIndex:  The interface on which the service was resolved.
1522  *
1523  * errorCode:       Will be kDNSServiceErr_NoError (0) on success, otherwise will
1524  *                  indicate the failure that occurred. Other parameters are undefined if
1525  *                  the errorCode is nonzero.
1526  *
1527  * fullname:        The full service domain name, in the form <servicename>.<protocol>.<domain>.
1528  *                  (This name is escaped following standard DNS rules, making it suitable for
1529  *                  passing to standard system DNS APIs such as res_query(), or to the
1530  *                  special-purpose functions included in this API that take fullname parameters.
1531  *                  See "Notes on DNS Name Escaping" earlier in this file for more details.)
1532  *
1533  * hosttarget:      The target hostname of the machine providing the service. This name can
1534  *                  be passed to functions like gethostbyname() to identify the host's IP address.
1535  *
1536  * port:            The port, in network byte order, on which connections are accepted for this service.
1537  *
1538  * txtLen:          The length of the txt record, in bytes.
1539  *
1540  * txtRecord:       The service's primary txt record, in standard txt record format.
1541  *
1542  * context:         The context pointer that was passed to the callout.
1543  *
1544  * NOTE: In earlier versions of this header file, the txtRecord parameter was declared "const char *"
1545  * This is incorrect, since it contains length bytes which are values in the range 0 to 255, not -128 to +127.
1546  * Depending on your compiler settings, this change may cause signed/unsigned mismatch warnings.
1547  * These should be fixed by updating your own callback function definition to match the corrected
1548  * function signature using "const unsigned char *txtRecord". Making this change may also fix inadvertent
1549  * bugs in your callback function, where it could have incorrectly interpreted a length byte with value 250
1550  * as being -6 instead, with various bad consequences ranging from incorrect operation to software crashes.
1551  * If you need to maintain portable code that will compile cleanly with both the old and new versions of
1552  * this header file, you should update your callback function definition to use the correct unsigned value,
1553  * and then in the place where you pass your callback function to DNSServiceResolve(), use a cast to eliminate
1554  * the compiler warning, e.g.:
1555  *   DNSServiceResolve(sd, flags, index, name, regtype, domain, (DNSServiceResolveReply)MyCallback, context);
1556  * This will ensure that your code compiles cleanly without warnings (and more importantly, works correctly)
1557  * with both the old header and with the new corrected version.
1558  *
1559  */
1560 
1561 typedef void (DNSSD_API *DNSServiceResolveReply)
1562 (
1563     DNSServiceRef sdRef,
1564     DNSServiceFlags flags,
1565     uint32_t interfaceIndex,
1566     DNSServiceErrorType errorCode,
1567     const char                          *fullname,
1568     const char                          *hosttarget,
1569     uint16_t port,                                   /* In network byte order */
1570     uint16_t txtLen,
1571     const unsigned char                 *txtRecord,
1572     void                                *context
1573 );
1574 
1575 
1576 /* DNSServiceResolve() Parameters
1577  *
1578  * sdRef:           A pointer to an uninitialized DNSServiceRef. If the call succeeds
1579  *                  then it initializes the DNSServiceRef, returns kDNSServiceErr_NoError,
1580  *                  and the resolve operation will run indefinitely until the client
1581  *                  terminates it by passing this DNSServiceRef to DNSServiceRefDeallocate().
1582  *
1583  * flags:           Specifying kDNSServiceFlagsForceMulticast will cause query to be
1584  *                  performed with a link-local mDNS query, even if the name is an
1585  *                  apparently non-local name (i.e. a name not ending in ".local.")
1586  *
1587  * interfaceIndex:  The interface on which to resolve the service. If this resolve call is
1588  *                  as a result of a currently active DNSServiceBrowse() operation, then the
1589  *                  interfaceIndex should be the index reported in the DNSServiceBrowseReply
1590  *                  callback. If this resolve call is using information previously saved
1591  *                  (e.g. in a preference file) for later use, then use interfaceIndex 0, because
1592  *                  the desired service may now be reachable via a different physical interface.
1593  *                  See "Constants for specifying an interface index" for more details.
1594  *
1595  * name:            The name of the service instance to be resolved, as reported to the
1596  *                  DNSServiceBrowseReply() callback.
1597  *
1598  * regtype:         The type of the service instance to be resolved, as reported to the
1599  *                  DNSServiceBrowseReply() callback.
1600  *
1601  * domain:          The domain of the service instance to be resolved, as reported to the
1602  *                  DNSServiceBrowseReply() callback.
1603  *
1604  * callBack:        The function to be called when a result is found, or if the call
1605  *                  asynchronously fails.
1606  *
1607  * context:         An application context pointer which is passed to the callback function
1608  *                  (may be NULL).
1609  *
1610  * return value:    Returns kDNSServiceErr_NoError on success (any subsequent, asynchronous
1611  *                  errors are delivered to the callback), otherwise returns an error code indicating
1612  *                  the error that occurred (the callback is never invoked and the DNSServiceRef
1613  *                  is not initialized).
1614  */
1615 
1616 DNSServiceErrorType DNSSD_API DNSServiceResolve
1617 (
1618     DNSServiceRef                       *sdRef,
1619     DNSServiceFlags flags,
1620     uint32_t interfaceIndex,
1621     const char                          *name,
1622     const char                          *regtype,
1623     const char                          *domain,
1624     DNSServiceResolveReply callBack,
1625     void                                *context  /* may be NULL */
1626 );
1627 
1628 
1629 /*********************************************************************************************
1630 *
1631 *  Querying Individual Specific Records
1632 *
1633 *********************************************************************************************/
1634 
1635 /* DNSServiceQueryRecord
1636  *
1637  * Query for an arbitrary DNS record.
1638  *
1639  * DNSServiceQueryRecordReply() Callback Parameters:
1640  *
1641  * sdRef:           The DNSServiceRef initialized by DNSServiceQueryRecord().
1642  *
1643  * flags:           Possible values are kDNSServiceFlagsMoreComing and
1644  *                  kDNSServiceFlagsAdd. The Add flag is NOT set for PTR records
1645  *                  with a ttl of 0, i.e. "Remove" events.
1646  *
1647  * interfaceIndex:  The interface on which the query was resolved (the index for a given
1648  *                  interface is determined via the if_nametoindex() family of calls).
1649  *                  See "Constants for specifying an interface index" for more details.
1650  *
1651  * errorCode:       Will be kDNSServiceErr_NoError on success, otherwise will
1652  *                  indicate the failure that occurred. Other parameters are undefined if
1653  *                  errorCode is nonzero.
1654  *
1655  * fullname:        The resource record's full domain name.
1656  *
1657  * rrtype:          The resource record's type (e.g. kDNSServiceType_PTR, kDNSServiceType_SRV, etc)
1658  *
1659  * rrclass:         The class of the resource record (usually kDNSServiceClass_IN).
1660  *
1661  * rdlen:           The length, in bytes, of the resource record rdata.
1662  *
1663  * rdata:           The raw rdata of the resource record.
1664  *
1665  * ttl:             If the client wishes to cache the result for performance reasons,
1666  *                  the TTL indicates how long the client may legitimately hold onto
1667  *                  this result, in seconds. After the TTL expires, the client should
1668  *                  consider the result no longer valid, and if it requires this data
1669  *                  again, it should be re-fetched with a new query. Of course, this
1670  *                  only applies to clients that cancel the asynchronous operation when
1671  *                  they get a result. Clients that leave the asynchronous operation
1672  *                  running can safely assume that the data remains valid until they
1673  *                  get another callback telling them otherwise. The ttl value is not
1674  *                  updated when the daemon answers from the cache, hence relying on
1675  *                  the accuracy of the ttl value is not recommended.
1676  *
1677  * context:         The context pointer that was passed to the callout.
1678  *
1679  */
1680 
1681 typedef void (DNSSD_API *DNSServiceQueryRecordReply)
1682 (
1683     DNSServiceRef sdRef,
1684     DNSServiceFlags flags,
1685     uint32_t interfaceIndex,
1686     DNSServiceErrorType errorCode,
1687     const char                          *fullname,
1688     uint16_t rrtype,
1689     uint16_t rrclass,
1690     uint16_t rdlen,
1691     const void                          *rdata,
1692     uint32_t ttl,
1693     void                                *context
1694 );
1695 
1696 
1697 /* DNSServiceQueryRecord() Parameters:
1698  *
1699  * sdRef:           A pointer to an uninitialized DNSServiceRef. If the call succeeds
1700  *                  then it initializes the DNSServiceRef, returns kDNSServiceErr_NoError,
1701  *                  and the query operation will run indefinitely until the client
1702  *                  terminates it by passing this DNSServiceRef to DNSServiceRefDeallocate().
1703  *
1704  * flags:           kDNSServiceFlagsForceMulticast or kDNSServiceFlagsLongLivedQuery.
1705  *                  Pass kDNSServiceFlagsLongLivedQuery to create a "long-lived" unicast
1706  *                  query to a unicast DNS server that implements the protocol. This flag
1707  *                  has no effect on link-local multicast queries.
1708  *
1709  * interfaceIndex:  If non-zero, specifies the interface on which to issue the query
1710  *                  (the index for a given interface is determined via the if_nametoindex()
1711  *                  family of calls.) Passing 0 causes the name to be queried for on all
1712  *                  interfaces. See "Constants for specifying an interface index" for more details.
1713  *
1714  * fullname:        The full domain name of the resource record to be queried for.
1715  *
1716  * rrtype:          The numerical type of the resource record to be queried for
1717  *                  (e.g. kDNSServiceType_PTR, kDNSServiceType_SRV, etc)
1718  *
1719  * rrclass:         The class of the resource record (usually kDNSServiceClass_IN).
1720  *
1721  * callBack:        The function to be called when a result is found, or if the call
1722  *                  asynchronously fails.
1723  *
1724  * context:         An application context pointer which is passed to the callback function
1725  *                  (may be NULL).
1726  *
1727  * return value:    Returns kDNSServiceErr_NoError on success (any subsequent, asynchronous
1728  *                  errors are delivered to the callback), otherwise returns an error code indicating
1729  *                  the error that occurred (the callback is never invoked and the DNSServiceRef
1730  *                  is not initialized).
1731  */
1732 
1733 DNSServiceErrorType DNSSD_API DNSServiceQueryRecord
1734 (
1735     DNSServiceRef                       *sdRef,
1736     DNSServiceFlags flags,
1737     uint32_t interfaceIndex,
1738     const char                          *fullname,
1739     uint16_t rrtype,
1740     uint16_t rrclass,
1741     DNSServiceQueryRecordReply callBack,
1742     void                                *context  /* may be NULL */
1743 );
1744 
1745 
1746 /*********************************************************************************************
1747 *
1748 *  Unified lookup of both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses for a fully qualified hostname
1749 *
1750 *********************************************************************************************/
1751 
1752 /* DNSServiceGetAddrInfo
1753  *
1754  * Queries for the IP address of a hostname by using either Multicast or Unicast DNS.
1755  *
1756  * DNSServiceGetAddrInfoReply() parameters:
1757  *
1758  * sdRef:           The DNSServiceRef initialized by DNSServiceGetAddrInfo().
1759  *
1760  * flags:           Possible values are kDNSServiceFlagsMoreComing and
1761  *                  kDNSServiceFlagsAdd.
1762  *
1763  * interfaceIndex:  The interface to which the answers pertain.
1764  *
1765  * errorCode:       Will be kDNSServiceErr_NoError on success, otherwise will
1766  *                  indicate the failure that occurred.  Other parameters are
1767  *                  undefined if errorCode is nonzero.
1768  *
1769  * hostname:        The fully qualified domain name of the host to be queried for.
1770  *
1771  * address:         IPv4 or IPv6 address.
1772  *
1773  * ttl:             If the client wishes to cache the result for performance reasons,
1774  *                  the TTL indicates how long the client may legitimately hold onto
1775  *                  this result, in seconds. After the TTL expires, the client should
1776  *                  consider the result no longer valid, and if it requires this data
1777  *                  again, it should be re-fetched with a new query. Of course, this
1778  *                  only applies to clients that cancel the asynchronous operation when
1779  *                  they get a result. Clients that leave the asynchronous operation
1780  *                  running can safely assume that the data remains valid until they
1781  *                  get another callback telling them otherwise. The ttl value is not
1782  *                  updated when the daemon answers from the cache, hence relying on
1783  *                  the accuracy of the ttl value is not recommended.
1784  *
1785  * context:         The context pointer that was passed to the callout.
1786  *
1787  */
1788 
1789 typedef void (DNSSD_API *DNSServiceGetAddrInfoReply)
1790 (
1791     DNSServiceRef sdRef,
1792     DNSServiceFlags flags,
1793     uint32_t interfaceIndex,
1794     DNSServiceErrorType errorCode,
1795     const char                       *hostname,
1796     const struct sockaddr            *address,
1797     uint32_t ttl,
1798     void                             *context
1799 );
1800 
1801 
1802 /* DNSServiceGetAddrInfo() Parameters:
1803  *
1804  * sdRef:           A pointer to an uninitialized DNSServiceRef. If the call succeeds then it
1805  *                  initializes the DNSServiceRef, returns kDNSServiceErr_NoError, and the query
1806  *                  begins and will last indefinitely until the client terminates the query
1807  *                  by passing this DNSServiceRef to DNSServiceRefDeallocate().
1808  *
1809  * flags:           kDNSServiceFlagsForceMulticast
1810  *
1811  * interfaceIndex:  The interface on which to issue the query.  Passing 0 causes the query to be
1812  *                  sent on all active interfaces via Multicast or the primary interface via Unicast.
1813  *
1814  * protocol:        Pass in kDNSServiceProtocol_IPv4 to look up IPv4 addresses, or kDNSServiceProtocol_IPv6
1815  *                  to look up IPv6 addresses, or both to look up both kinds. If neither flag is
1816  *                  set, the system will apply an intelligent heuristic, which is (currently)
1817  *                  that it will attempt to look up both, except:
1818  *
1819  *                   * If "hostname" is a wide-area unicast DNS hostname (i.e. not a ".local." name)
1820  *                     but this host has no routable IPv6 address, then the call will not try to
1821  *                     look up IPv6 addresses for "hostname", since any addresses it found would be
1822  *                     unlikely to be of any use anyway. Similarly, if this host has no routable
1823  *                     IPv4 address, the call will not try to look up IPv4 addresses for "hostname".
1824  *
1825  * hostname:        The fully qualified domain name of the host to be queried for.
1826  *
1827  * callBack:        The function to be called when the query succeeds or fails asynchronously.
1828  *
1829  * context:         An application context pointer which is passed to the callback function
1830  *                  (may be NULL).
1831  *
1832  * return value:    Returns kDNSServiceErr_NoError on success (any subsequent, asynchronous
1833  *                  errors are delivered to the callback), otherwise returns an error code indicating
1834  *                  the error that occurred.
1835  */
1836 
1837 DNSServiceErrorType DNSSD_API DNSServiceGetAddrInfo
1838 (
1839     DNSServiceRef                    *sdRef,
1840     DNSServiceFlags flags,
1841     uint32_t interfaceIndex,
1842     DNSServiceProtocol protocol,
1843     const char                       *hostname,
1844     DNSServiceGetAddrInfoReply callBack,
1845     void                             *context          /* may be NULL */
1846 );
1847 
1848 
1849 /*********************************************************************************************
1850 *
1851 *  Special Purpose Calls:
1852 *  DNSServiceCreateConnection(), DNSServiceRegisterRecord(), DNSServiceReconfirmRecord()
1853 *  (most applications will not use these)
1854 *
1855 *********************************************************************************************/
1856 
1857 /* DNSServiceCreateConnection()
1858  *
1859  * Create a connection to the daemon allowing efficient registration of
1860  * multiple individual records.
1861  *
1862  * Parameters:
1863  *
1864  * sdRef:           A pointer to an uninitialized DNSServiceRef. Deallocating
1865  *                  the reference (via DNSServiceRefDeallocate()) severs the
1866  *                  connection and deregisters all records registered on this connection.
1867  *
1868  * return value:    Returns kDNSServiceErr_NoError on success, otherwise returns
1869  *                  an error code indicating the specific failure that occurred (in which
1870  *                  case the DNSServiceRef is not initialized).
1871  */
1872 
1873 DNSServiceErrorType DNSSD_API DNSServiceCreateConnection(DNSServiceRef *sdRef);
1874 
1875 /* DNSServiceRegisterRecord
1876  *
1877  * Register an individual resource record on a connected DNSServiceRef.
1878  *
1879  * Note that name conflicts occurring for records registered via this call must be handled
1880  * by the client in the callback.
1881  *
1882  * DNSServiceRegisterRecordReply() parameters:
1883  *
1884  * sdRef:           The connected DNSServiceRef initialized by
1885  *                  DNSServiceCreateConnection().
1886  *
1887  * RecordRef:       The DNSRecordRef initialized by DNSServiceRegisterRecord(). If the above
1888  *                  DNSServiceRef is passed to DNSServiceRefDeallocate(), this DNSRecordRef is
1889  *                  invalidated, and may not be used further.
1890  *
1891  * flags:           Currently unused, reserved for future use.
1892  *
1893  * errorCode:       Will be kDNSServiceErr_NoError on success, otherwise will
1894  *                  indicate the failure that occurred (including name conflicts.)
1895  *                  Other parameters are undefined if errorCode is nonzero.
1896  *
1897  * context:         The context pointer that was passed to the callout.
1898  *
1899  */
1900 
1901 typedef void (DNSSD_API *DNSServiceRegisterRecordReply)
1902 (
1903     DNSServiceRef sdRef,
1904     DNSRecordRef RecordRef,
1905     DNSServiceFlags flags,
1906     DNSServiceErrorType errorCode,
1907     void                                *context
1908 );
1909 
1910 
1911 /* DNSServiceRegisterRecord() Parameters:
1912  *
1913  * sdRef:           A DNSServiceRef initialized by DNSServiceCreateConnection().
1914  *
1915  * RecordRef:       A pointer to an uninitialized DNSRecordRef. Upon succesfull completion of this
1916  *                  call, this ref may be passed to DNSServiceUpdateRecord() or DNSServiceRemoveRecord().
1917  *                  (To deregister ALL records registered on a single connected DNSServiceRef
1918  *                  and deallocate each of their corresponding DNSServiceRecordRefs, call
1919  *                  DNSServiceRefDeallocate()).
1920  *
1921  * flags:           Possible values are kDNSServiceFlagsShared or kDNSServiceFlagsUnique
1922  *                  (see flag type definitions for details).
1923  *
1924  * interfaceIndex:  If non-zero, specifies the interface on which to register the record
1925  *                  (the index for a given interface is determined via the if_nametoindex()
1926  *                  family of calls.) Passing 0 causes the record to be registered on all interfaces.
1927  *                  See "Constants for specifying an interface index" for more details.
1928  *
1929  * fullname:        The full domain name of the resource record.
1930  *
1931  * rrtype:          The numerical type of the resource record (e.g. kDNSServiceType_PTR, kDNSServiceType_SRV, etc)
1932  *
1933  * rrclass:         The class of the resource record (usually kDNSServiceClass_IN)
1934  *
1935  * rdlen:           Length, in bytes, of the rdata.
1936  *
1937  * rdata:           A pointer to the raw rdata, as it is to appear in the DNS record.
1938  *
1939  * ttl:             The time to live of the resource record, in seconds.
1940  *                  Most clients should pass 0 to indicate that the system should
1941  *                  select a sensible default value.
1942  *
1943  * callBack:        The function to be called when a result is found, or if the call
1944  *                  asynchronously fails (e.g. because of a name conflict.)
1945  *
1946  * context:         An application context pointer which is passed to the callback function
1947  *                  (may be NULL).
1948  *
1949  * return value:    Returns kDNSServiceErr_NoError on success (any subsequent, asynchronous
1950  *                  errors are delivered to the callback), otherwise returns an error code indicating
1951  *                  the error that occurred (the callback is never invoked and the DNSRecordRef is
1952  *                  not initialized).
1953  */
1954 
1955 DNSServiceErrorType DNSSD_API DNSServiceRegisterRecord
1956 (
1957     DNSServiceRef sdRef,
1958     DNSRecordRef                        *RecordRef,
1959     DNSServiceFlags flags,
1960     uint32_t interfaceIndex,
1961     const char                          *fullname,
1962     uint16_t rrtype,
1963     uint16_t rrclass,
1964     uint16_t rdlen,
1965     const void                          *rdata,
1966     uint32_t ttl,
1967     DNSServiceRegisterRecordReply callBack,
1968     void                                *context    /* may be NULL */
1969 );
1970 
1971 
1972 /* DNSServiceReconfirmRecord
1973  *
1974  * Instruct the daemon to verify the validity of a resource record that appears
1975  * to be out of date (e.g. because TCP connection to a service's target failed.)
1976  * Causes the record to be flushed from the daemon's cache (as well as all other
1977  * daemons' caches on the network) if the record is determined to be invalid.
1978  * Use this routine conservatively. Reconfirming a record necessarily consumes
1979  * network bandwidth, so this should not be done indiscriminately.
1980  *
1981  * Parameters:
1982  *
1983  * flags:           Not currently used.
1984  *
1985  * interfaceIndex:  Specifies the interface of the record in question.
1986  *                  The caller must specify the interface.
1987  *                  This API (by design) causes increased network traffic, so it requires
1988  *                  the caller to be precise about which record should be reconfirmed.
1989  *                  It is not possible to pass zero for the interface index to perform
1990  *                  a "wildcard" reconfirmation, where *all* matching records are reconfirmed.
1991  *
1992  * fullname:        The resource record's full domain name.
1993  *
1994  * rrtype:          The resource record's type (e.g. kDNSServiceType_PTR, kDNSServiceType_SRV, etc)
1995  *
1996  * rrclass:         The class of the resource record (usually kDNSServiceClass_IN).
1997  *
1998  * rdlen:           The length, in bytes, of the resource record rdata.
1999  *
2000  * rdata:           The raw rdata of the resource record.
2001  *
2002  */
2003 
2004 DNSServiceErrorType DNSSD_API DNSServiceReconfirmRecord
2005 (
2006     DNSServiceFlags flags,
2007     uint32_t interfaceIndex,
2008     const char                         *fullname,
2009     uint16_t rrtype,
2010     uint16_t rrclass,
2011     uint16_t rdlen,
2012     const void                         *rdata
2013 );
2014 
2015 
2016 /*********************************************************************************************
2017 *
2018 *  NAT Port Mapping
2019 *
2020 *********************************************************************************************/
2021 
2022 /* DNSServiceNATPortMappingCreate
2023  *
2024  * Request a port mapping in the NAT gateway, which maps a port on the local machine
2025  * to an external port on the NAT. The NAT should support either PCP, NAT-PMP or the
2026  * UPnP/IGD protocol for this API to create a successful mapping. Note that this API
2027  * currently supports IPv4 addresses/mappings only. If the NAT gateway supports PCP and
2028  * returns an IPv6 address (incorrectly, since this API specifically requests IPv4
2029  * addresses), the DNSServiceNATPortMappingReply callback will be invoked with errorCode
2030  * kDNSServiceErr_NATPortMappingUnsupported.
2031  *
2032  * The port mapping will be renewed indefinitely until the client process exits, or
2033  * explicitly terminates the port mapping request by calling DNSServiceRefDeallocate().
2034  * The client callback will be invoked, informing the client of the NAT gateway's
2035  * external IP address and the external port that has been allocated for this client.
2036  * The client should then record this external IP address and port using whatever
2037  * directory service mechanism it is using to enable peers to connect to it.
2038  * (Clients advertising services using Wide-Area DNS-SD DO NOT need to use this API
2039  * -- when a client calls DNSServiceRegister() NAT mappings are automatically created
2040  * and the external IP address and port for the service are recorded in the global DNS.
2041  * Only clients using some directory mechanism other than Wide-Area DNS-SD need to use
2042  * this API to explicitly map their own ports.)
2043  *
2044  * It's possible that the client callback could be called multiple times, for example
2045  * if the NAT gateway's IP address changes, or if a configuration change results in a
2046  * different external port being mapped for this client. Over the lifetime of any long-lived
2047  * port mapping, the client should be prepared to handle these notifications of changes
2048  * in the environment, and should update its recorded address and/or port as appropriate.
2049  *
2050  * NOTE: There are two unusual aspects of how the DNSServiceNATPortMappingCreate API works,
2051  * which were intentionally designed to help simplify client code:
2052  *
2053  *  1. It's not an error to request a NAT mapping when the machine is not behind a NAT gateway.
2054  *     In other NAT mapping APIs, if you request a NAT mapping and the machine is not behind a NAT
2055  *     gateway, then the API returns an error code -- it can't get you a NAT mapping if there's no
2056  *     NAT gateway. The DNSServiceNATPortMappingCreate API takes a different view. Working out
2057  *     whether or not you need a NAT mapping can be tricky and non-obvious, particularly on
2058  *     a machine with multiple active network interfaces. Rather than make every client recreate
2059  *     this logic for deciding whether a NAT mapping is required, the PortMapping API does that
2060  *     work for you. If the client calls the PortMapping API when the machine already has a
2061  *     routable public IP address, then instead of complaining about it and giving an error,
2062  *     the PortMapping API just invokes your callback, giving the machine's public address
2063  *     and your own port number. This means you don't need to write code to work out whether
2064  *     your client needs to call the PortMapping API -- just call it anyway, and if it wasn't
2065  *     necessary, no harm is done:
2066  *
2067  *     - If the machine already has a routable public IP address, then your callback
2068  *       will just be invoked giving your own address and port.
2069  *     - If a NAT mapping is required and obtained, then your callback will be invoked
2070  *       giving you the external address and port.
2071  *     - If a NAT mapping is required but not obtained from the local NAT gateway,
2072  *       or the machine has no network connectivity, then your callback will be
2073  *       invoked giving zero address and port.
2074  *
2075  *  2. In other NAT mapping APIs, if a laptop computer is put to sleep and woken up on a new
2076  *     network, it's the client's job to notice this, and work out whether a NAT mapping
2077  *     is required on the new network, and make a new NAT mapping request if necessary.
2078  *     The DNSServiceNATPortMappingCreate API does this for you, automatically.
2079  *     The client just needs to make one call to the PortMapping API, and its callback will
2080  *     be invoked any time the mapping state changes. This property complements point (1) above.
2081  *     If the client didn't make a NAT mapping request just because it determined that one was
2082  *     not required at that particular moment in time, the client would then have to monitor
2083  *     for network state changes to determine if a NAT port mapping later became necessary.
2084  *     By unconditionally making a NAT mapping request, even when a NAT mapping not to be
2085  *     necessary, the PortMapping API will then begin monitoring network state changes on behalf of
2086  *     the client, and if a NAT mapping later becomes necessary, it will automatically create a NAT
2087  *     mapping and inform the client with a new callback giving the new address and port information.
2088  *
2089  * DNSServiceNATPortMappingReply() parameters:
2090  *
2091  * sdRef:           The DNSServiceRef initialized by DNSServiceNATPortMappingCreate().
2092  *
2093  * flags:           Currently unused, reserved for future use.
2094  *
2095  * interfaceIndex:  The interface through which the NAT gateway is reached.
2096  *
2097  * errorCode:       Will be kDNSServiceErr_NoError on success.
2098  *                  Will be kDNSServiceErr_DoubleNAT when the NAT gateway is itself behind one or
2099  *                  more layers of NAT, in which case the other parameters have the defined values.
2100  *                  For other failures, will indicate the failure that occurred, and the other
2101  *                  parameters are undefined.
2102  *
2103  * externalAddress: Four byte IPv4 address in network byte order.
2104  *
2105  * protocol:        Will be kDNSServiceProtocol_UDP or kDNSServiceProtocol_TCP or both.
2106  *
2107  * internalPort:    The port on the local machine that was mapped.
2108  *
2109  * externalPort:    The actual external port in the NAT gateway that was mapped.
2110  *                  This is likely to be different than the requested external port.
2111  *
2112  * ttl:             The lifetime of the NAT port mapping created on the gateway.
2113  *                  This controls how quickly stale mappings will be garbage-collected
2114  *                  if the client machine crashes, suffers a power failure, is disconnected
2115  *                  from the network, or suffers some other unfortunate demise which
2116  *                  causes it to vanish without explicitly removing its NAT port mapping.
2117  *                  It's possible that the ttl value will differ from the requested ttl value.
2118  *
2119  * context:         The context pointer that was passed to the callout.
2120  *
2121  */
2122 
2123 typedef void (DNSSD_API *DNSServiceNATPortMappingReply)
2124 (
2125     DNSServiceRef sdRef,
2126     DNSServiceFlags flags,
2127     uint32_t interfaceIndex,
2128     DNSServiceErrorType errorCode,
2129     uint32_t externalAddress,                           /* four byte IPv4 address in network byte order */
2130     DNSServiceProtocol protocol,
2131     uint16_t internalPort,                              /* In network byte order */
2132     uint16_t externalPort,                              /* In network byte order and may be different than the requested port */
2133     uint32_t ttl,                                       /* may be different than the requested ttl */
2134     void                             *context
2135 );
2136 
2137 
2138 /* DNSServiceNATPortMappingCreate() Parameters:
2139  *
2140  * sdRef:           A pointer to an uninitialized DNSServiceRef. If the call succeeds then it
2141  *                  initializes the DNSServiceRef, returns kDNSServiceErr_NoError, and the nat
2142  *                  port mapping will last indefinitely until the client terminates the port
2143  *                  mapping request by passing this DNSServiceRef to DNSServiceRefDeallocate().
2144  *
2145  * flags:           Currently ignored, reserved for future use.
2146  *
2147  * interfaceIndex:  The interface on which to create port mappings in a NAT gateway. Passing 0 causes
2148  *                  the port mapping request to be sent on the primary interface.
2149  *
2150  * protocol:        To request a port mapping, pass in kDNSServiceProtocol_UDP, or kDNSServiceProtocol_TCP,
2151  *                  or (kDNSServiceProtocol_UDP | kDNSServiceProtocol_TCP) to map both.
2152  *                  The local listening port number must also be specified in the internalPort parameter.
2153  *                  To just discover the NAT gateway's external IP address, pass zero for protocol,
2154  *                  internalPort, externalPort and ttl.
2155  *
2156  * internalPort:    The port number in network byte order on the local machine which is listening for packets.
2157  *
2158  * externalPort:    The requested external port in network byte order in the NAT gateway that you would
2159  *                  like to map to the internal port. Pass 0 if you don't care which external port is chosen for you.
2160  *
2161  * ttl:             The requested renewal period of the NAT port mapping, in seconds.
2162  *                  If the client machine crashes, suffers a power failure, is disconnected from
2163  *                  the network, or suffers some other unfortunate demise which causes it to vanish
2164  *                  unexpectedly without explicitly removing its NAT port mappings, then the NAT gateway
2165  *                  will garbage-collect old stale NAT port mappings when their lifetime expires.
2166  *                  Requesting a short TTL causes such orphaned mappings to be garbage-collected
2167  *                  more promptly, but consumes system resources and network bandwidth with
2168  *                  frequent renewal packets to keep the mapping from expiring.
2169  *                  Requesting a long TTL is more efficient on the network, but in the event of the
2170  *                  client vanishing, stale NAT port mappings will not be garbage-collected as quickly.
2171  *                  Most clients should pass 0 to use a system-wide default value.
2172  *
2173  * callBack:        The function to be called when the port mapping request succeeds or fails asynchronously.
2174  *
2175  * context:         An application context pointer which is passed to the callback function
2176  *                  (may be NULL).
2177  *
2178  * return value:    Returns kDNSServiceErr_NoError on success (any subsequent, asynchronous
2179  *                  errors are delivered to the callback), otherwise returns an error code indicating
2180  *                  the error that occurred.
2181  *
2182  *                  If you don't actually want a port mapped, and are just calling the API
2183  *                  because you want to find out the NAT's external IP address (e.g. for UI
2184  *                  display) then pass zero for protocol, internalPort, externalPort and ttl.
2185  */
2186 
2187 DNSServiceErrorType DNSSD_API DNSServiceNATPortMappingCreate
2188 (
2189     DNSServiceRef                    *sdRef,
2190     DNSServiceFlags flags,
2191     uint32_t interfaceIndex,
2192     DNSServiceProtocol protocol,                        /* TCP and/or UDP          */
2193     uint16_t internalPort,                              /* network byte order      */
2194     uint16_t externalPort,                              /* network byte order      */
2195     uint32_t ttl,                                       /* time to live in seconds */
2196     DNSServiceNATPortMappingReply callBack,
2197     void                             *context           /* may be NULL             */
2198 );
2199 
2200 
2201 /*********************************************************************************************
2202 *
2203 *  General Utility Functions
2204 *
2205 *********************************************************************************************/
2206 
2207 /* DNSServiceConstructFullName()
2208  *
2209  * Concatenate a three-part domain name (as returned by the above callbacks) into a
2210  * properly-escaped full domain name. Note that callbacks in the above functions ALREADY ESCAPE
2211  * strings where necessary.
2212  *
2213  * Parameters:
2214  *
2215  * fullName:        A pointer to a buffer that where the resulting full domain name is to be written.
2216  *                  The buffer must be kDNSServiceMaxDomainName (1009) bytes in length to
2217  *                  accommodate the longest legal domain name without buffer overrun.
2218  *
2219  * service:         The service name - any dots or backslashes must NOT be escaped.
2220  *                  May be NULL (to construct a PTR record name, e.g.
2221  *                  "_ftp._tcp.apple.com.").
2222  *
2223  * regtype:         The service type followed by the protocol, separated by a dot
2224  *                  (e.g. "_ftp._tcp").
2225  *
2226  * domain:          The domain name, e.g. "apple.com.". Literal dots or backslashes,
2227  *                  if any, must be escaped, e.g. "1st\. Floor.apple.com."
2228  *
2229  * return value:    Returns kDNSServiceErr_NoError (0) on success, kDNSServiceErr_BadParam on error.
2230  *
2231  */
2232 
2233 DNSServiceErrorType DNSSD_API DNSServiceConstructFullName
2234 (
2235     char                            * const fullName,
2236     const char                      * const service,      /* may be NULL */
2237     const char                      * const regtype,
2238     const char                      * const domain
2239 );
2240 
2241 
2242 /*********************************************************************************************
2243 *
2244 *   TXT Record Construction Functions
2245 *
2246 *********************************************************************************************/
2247 
2248 /*
2249  * A typical calling sequence for TXT record construction is something like:
2250  *
2251  * Client allocates storage for TXTRecord data (e.g. declare buffer on the stack)
2252  * TXTRecordCreate();
2253  * TXTRecordSetValue();
2254  * TXTRecordSetValue();
2255  * TXTRecordSetValue();
2256  * ...
2257  * DNSServiceRegister( ... TXTRecordGetLength(), TXTRecordGetBytesPtr() ... );
2258  * TXTRecordDeallocate();
2259  * Explicitly deallocate storage for TXTRecord data (if not allocated on the stack)
2260  */
2261 
2262 
2263 /* TXTRecordRef
2264  *
2265  * Opaque internal data type.
2266  * Note: Represents a DNS-SD TXT record.
2267  */
2268 
2269 typedef union _TXTRecordRef_t { char PrivateData[16]; char *ForceNaturalAlignment; } TXTRecordRef;
2270 
2271 
2272 /* TXTRecordCreate()
2273  *
2274  * Creates a new empty TXTRecordRef referencing the specified storage.
2275  *
2276  * If the buffer parameter is NULL, or the specified storage size is not
2277  * large enough to hold a key subsequently added using TXTRecordSetValue(),
2278  * then additional memory will be added as needed using malloc().
2279  *
2280  * On some platforms, when memory is low, malloc() may fail. In this
2281  * case, TXTRecordSetValue() will return kDNSServiceErr_NoMemory, and this
2282  * error condition will need to be handled as appropriate by the caller.
2283  *
2284  * You can avoid the need to handle this error condition if you ensure
2285  * that the storage you initially provide is large enough to hold all
2286  * the key/value pairs that are to be added to the record.
2287  * The caller can precompute the exact length required for all of the
2288  * key/value pairs to be added, or simply provide a fixed-sized buffer
2289  * known in advance to be large enough.
2290  * A no-value (key-only) key requires  (1 + key length) bytes.
2291  * A key with empty value requires     (1 + key length + 1) bytes.
2292  * A key with non-empty value requires (1 + key length + 1 + value length).
2293  * For most applications, DNS-SD TXT records are generally
2294  * less than 100 bytes, so in most cases a simple fixed-sized
2295  * 256-byte buffer will be more than sufficient.
2296  * Recommended size limits for DNS-SD TXT Records are discussed in RFC 6763
2297  * <https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6763#section-6.2>
2298  *
2299  * Note: When passing parameters to and from these TXT record APIs,
2300  * the key name does not include the '=' character. The '=' character
2301  * is the separator between the key and value in the on-the-wire
2302  * packet format; it is not part of either the key or the value.
2303  *
2304  * txtRecord:       A pointer to an uninitialized TXTRecordRef.
2305  *
2306  * bufferLen:       The size of the storage provided in the "buffer" parameter.
2307  *
2308  * buffer:          Optional caller-supplied storage used to hold the TXTRecord data.
2309  *                  This storage must remain valid for as long as
2310  *                  the TXTRecordRef.
2311  */
2312 
2313 void DNSSD_API TXTRecordCreate
2314 (
2315     TXTRecordRef     *txtRecord,
2316     uint16_t bufferLen,
2317     void             *buffer
2318 );
2319 
2320 
2321 /* TXTRecordDeallocate()
2322  *
2323  * Releases any resources allocated in the course of preparing a TXT Record
2324  * using TXTRecordCreate()/TXTRecordSetValue()/TXTRecordRemoveValue().
2325  * Ownership of the buffer provided in TXTRecordCreate() returns to the client.
2326  *
2327  * txtRecord:           A TXTRecordRef initialized by calling TXTRecordCreate().
2328  *
2329  */
2330 
2331 void DNSSD_API TXTRecordDeallocate
2332 (
2333     TXTRecordRef     *txtRecord
2334 );
2335 
2336 
2337 /* TXTRecordSetValue()
2338  *
2339  * Adds a key (optionally with value) to a TXTRecordRef. If the "key" already
2340  * exists in the TXTRecordRef, then the current value will be replaced with
2341  * the new value.
2342  * Keys may exist in four states with respect to a given TXT record:
2343  *  - Absent (key does not appear at all)
2344  *  - Present with no value ("key" appears alone)
2345  *  - Present with empty value ("key=" appears in TXT record)
2346  *  - Present with non-empty value ("key=value" appears in TXT record)
2347  * For more details refer to "Data Syntax for DNS-SD TXT Records" in RFC 6763
2348  * <https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6763#section-6>
2349  *
2350  * txtRecord:       A TXTRecordRef initialized by calling TXTRecordCreate().
2351  *
2352  * key:             A null-terminated string which only contains printable ASCII
2353  *                  values (0x20-0x7E), excluding '=' (0x3D). Keys should be
2354  *                  9 characters or fewer (not counting the terminating null).
2355  *
2356  * valueSize:       The size of the value.
2357  *
2358  * value:           Any binary value. For values that represent
2359  *                  textual data, UTF-8 is STRONGLY recommended.
2360  *                  For values that represent textual data, valueSize
2361  *                  should NOT include the terminating null (if any)
2362  *                  at the end of the string.
2363  *                  If NULL, then "key" will be added with no value.
2364  *                  If non-NULL but valueSize is zero, then "key=" will be
2365  *                  added with empty value.
2366  *
2367  * return value:    Returns kDNSServiceErr_NoError on success.
2368  *                  Returns kDNSServiceErr_Invalid if the "key" string contains
2369  *                  illegal characters.
2370  *                  Returns kDNSServiceErr_NoMemory if adding this key would
2371  *                  exceed the available storage.
2372  */
2373 
2374 DNSServiceErrorType DNSSD_API TXTRecordSetValue
2375 (
2376     TXTRecordRef     *txtRecord,
2377     const char       *key,
2378     uint8_t valueSize,                 /* may be zero */
2379     const void       *value            /* may be NULL */
2380 );
2381 
2382 
2383 /* TXTRecordRemoveValue()
2384  *
2385  * Removes a key from a TXTRecordRef. The "key" must be an
2386  * ASCII string which exists in the TXTRecordRef.
2387  *
2388  * txtRecord:       A TXTRecordRef initialized by calling TXTRecordCreate().
2389  *
2390  * key:             A key name which exists in the TXTRecordRef.
2391  *
2392  * return value:    Returns kDNSServiceErr_NoError on success.
2393  *                  Returns kDNSServiceErr_NoSuchKey if the "key" does not
2394  *                  exist in the TXTRecordRef.
2395  */
2396 
2397 DNSServiceErrorType DNSSD_API TXTRecordRemoveValue
2398 (
2399     TXTRecordRef     *txtRecord,
2400     const char       *key
2401 );
2402 
2403 
2404 /* TXTRecordGetLength()
2405  *
2406  * Allows you to determine the length of the raw bytes within a TXTRecordRef.
2407  *
2408  * txtRecord:       A TXTRecordRef initialized by calling TXTRecordCreate().
2409  *
2410  * return value:    Returns the size of the raw bytes inside a TXTRecordRef
2411  *                  which you can pass directly to DNSServiceRegister() or
2412  *                  to DNSServiceUpdateRecord().
2413  *                  Returns 0 if the TXTRecordRef is empty.
2414  */
2415 
2416 uint16_t DNSSD_API TXTRecordGetLength
2417 (
2418     const TXTRecordRef *txtRecord
2419 );
2420 
2421 
2422 /* TXTRecordGetBytesPtr()
2423  *
2424  * Allows you to retrieve a pointer to the raw bytes within a TXTRecordRef.
2425  *
2426  * txtRecord:       A TXTRecordRef initialized by calling TXTRecordCreate().
2427  *
2428  * return value:    Returns a pointer to the raw bytes inside the TXTRecordRef
2429  *                  which you can pass directly to DNSServiceRegister() or
2430  *                  to DNSServiceUpdateRecord().
2431  */
2432 
2433 const void * DNSSD_API TXTRecordGetBytesPtr
2434 (
2435     const TXTRecordRef *txtRecord
2436 );
2437 
2438 
2439 /*********************************************************************************************
2440 *
2441 *   TXT Record Parsing Functions
2442 *
2443 *********************************************************************************************/
2444 
2445 /*
2446  * A typical calling sequence for TXT record parsing is something like:
2447  *
2448  * Receive TXT record data in DNSServiceResolve() callback
2449  * if (TXTRecordContainsKey(txtLen, txtRecord, "key")) then do something
2450  * val1ptr = TXTRecordGetValuePtr(txtLen, txtRecord, "key1", &len1);
2451  * val2ptr = TXTRecordGetValuePtr(txtLen, txtRecord, "key2", &len2);
2452  * ...
2453  * memcpy(myval1, val1ptr, len1);
2454  * memcpy(myval2, val2ptr, len2);
2455  * ...
2456  * return;
2457  *
2458  * If you wish to retain the values after return from the DNSServiceResolve()
2459  * callback, then you need to copy the data to your own storage using memcpy()
2460  * or similar, as shown in the example above.
2461  *
2462  * If for some reason you need to parse a TXT record you built yourself
2463  * using the TXT record construction functions above, then you can do
2464  * that using TXTRecordGetLength and TXTRecordGetBytesPtr calls:
2465  * TXTRecordGetValue(TXTRecordGetLength(x), TXTRecordGetBytesPtr(x), key, &len);
2466  *
2467  * Most applications only fetch keys they know about from a TXT record and
2468  * ignore the rest.
2469  * However, some debugging tools wish to fetch and display all keys.
2470  * To do that, use the TXTRecordGetCount() and TXTRecordGetItemAtIndex() calls.
2471  */
2472 
2473 /* TXTRecordContainsKey()
2474  *
2475  * Allows you to determine if a given TXT Record contains a specified key.
2476  *
2477  * txtLen:          The size of the received TXT Record.
2478  *
2479  * txtRecord:       Pointer to the received TXT Record bytes.
2480  *
2481  * key:             A null-terminated ASCII string containing the key name.
2482  *
2483  * return value:    Returns 1 if the TXT Record contains the specified key.
2484  *                  Otherwise, it returns 0.
2485  */
2486 
2487 int DNSSD_API TXTRecordContainsKey
2488 (
2489     uint16_t txtLen,
2490     const void       *txtRecord,
2491     const char       *key
2492 );
2493 
2494 
2495 /* TXTRecordGetValuePtr()
2496  *
2497  * Allows you to retrieve the value for a given key from a TXT Record.
2498  *
2499  * txtLen:          The size of the received TXT Record
2500  *
2501  * txtRecord:       Pointer to the received TXT Record bytes.
2502  *
2503  * key:             A null-terminated ASCII string containing the key name.
2504  *
2505  * valueLen:        On output, will be set to the size of the "value" data.
2506  *
2507  * return value:    Returns NULL if the key does not exist in this TXT record,
2508  *                  or exists with no value (to differentiate between
2509  *                  these two cases use TXTRecordContainsKey()).
2510  *                  Returns pointer to location within TXT Record bytes
2511  *                  if the key exists with empty or non-empty value.
2512  *                  For empty value, valueLen will be zero.
2513  *                  For non-empty value, valueLen will be length of value data.
2514  */
2515 
2516 const void * DNSSD_API TXTRecordGetValuePtr
2517 (
2518     uint16_t txtLen,
2519     const void       *txtRecord,
2520     const char       *key,
2521     uint8_t          *valueLen
2522 );
2523 
2524 
2525 /* TXTRecordGetCount()
2526  *
2527  * Returns the number of keys stored in the TXT Record. The count
2528  * can be used with TXTRecordGetItemAtIndex() to iterate through the keys.
2529  *
2530  * txtLen:          The size of the received TXT Record.
2531  *
2532  * txtRecord:       Pointer to the received TXT Record bytes.
2533  *
2534  * return value:    Returns the total number of keys in the TXT Record.
2535  *
2536  */
2537 
2538 uint16_t DNSSD_API TXTRecordGetCount
2539 (
2540     uint16_t txtLen,
2541     const void       *txtRecord
2542 );
2543 
2544 
2545 /* TXTRecordGetItemAtIndex()
2546  *
2547  * Allows you to retrieve a key name and value pointer, given an index into
2548  * a TXT Record. Legal index values range from zero to TXTRecordGetCount()-1.
2549  * It's also possible to iterate through keys in a TXT record by simply
2550  * calling TXTRecordGetItemAtIndex() repeatedly, beginning with index zero
2551  * and increasing until TXTRecordGetItemAtIndex() returns kDNSServiceErr_Invalid.
2552  *
2553  * On return:
2554  * For keys with no value, *value is set to NULL and *valueLen is zero.
2555  * For keys with empty value, *value is non-NULL and *valueLen is zero.
2556  * For keys with non-empty value, *value is non-NULL and *valueLen is non-zero.
2557  *
2558  * txtLen:          The size of the received TXT Record.
2559  *
2560  * txtRecord:       Pointer to the received TXT Record bytes.
2561  *
2562  * itemIndex:       An index into the TXT Record.
2563  *
2564  * keyBufLen:       The size of the string buffer being supplied.
2565  *
2566  * key:             A string buffer used to store the key name.
2567  *                  On return, the buffer contains a null-terminated C string
2568  *                  giving the key name. DNS-SD TXT keys are usually
2569  *                  9 characters or fewer. To hold the maximum possible
2570  *                  key name, the buffer should be 256 bytes long.
2571  *
2572  * valueLen:        On output, will be set to the size of the "value" data.
2573  *
2574  * value:           On output, *value is set to point to location within TXT
2575  *                  Record bytes that holds the value data.
2576  *
2577  * return value:    Returns kDNSServiceErr_NoError on success.
2578  *                  Returns kDNSServiceErr_NoMemory if keyBufLen is too short.
2579  *                  Returns kDNSServiceErr_Invalid if index is greater than
2580  *                  TXTRecordGetCount()-1.
2581  */
2582 
2583 DNSServiceErrorType DNSSD_API TXTRecordGetItemAtIndex
2584 (
2585     uint16_t txtLen,
2586     const void       *txtRecord,
2587     uint16_t itemIndex,
2588     uint16_t keyBufLen,
2589     char             *key,
2590     uint8_t          *valueLen,
2591     const void       **value
2592 );
2593 
2594 #if _DNS_SD_LIBDISPATCH
2595 /*
2596  * DNSServiceSetDispatchQueue
2597  *
2598  * Allows you to schedule a DNSServiceRef on a serial dispatch queue for receiving asynchronous
2599  * callbacks.  It's the clients responsibility to ensure that the provided dispatch queue is running.
2600  *
2601  * A typical application that uses CFRunLoopRun or dispatch_main on its main thread will
2602  * usually schedule DNSServiceRefs on its main queue (which is always a serial queue)
2603  * using "DNSServiceSetDispatchQueue(sdref, dispatch_get_main_queue());"
2604  *
2605  * If there is any error during the processing of events, the application callback will
2606  * be called with an error code. For shared connections, each subordinate DNSServiceRef
2607  * will get its own error callback. Currently these error callbacks only happen
2608  * if the daemon is manually terminated or crashes, and the error
2609  * code in this case is kDNSServiceErr_ServiceNotRunning. The application must call
2610  * DNSServiceRefDeallocate to free the DNSServiceRef when it gets such an error code.
2611  * These error callbacks are rare and should not normally happen on customer machines,
2612  * but application code should be written defensively to handle such error callbacks
2613  * gracefully if they occur.
2614  *
2615  * After using DNSServiceSetDispatchQueue on a DNSServiceRef, calling DNSServiceProcessResult
2616  * on the same DNSServiceRef will result in undefined behavior and should be avoided.
2617  *
2618  * Once the application successfully schedules a DNSServiceRef on a serial dispatch queue using
2619  * DNSServiceSetDispatchQueue, it cannot remove the DNSServiceRef from the dispatch queue, or use
2620  * DNSServiceSetDispatchQueue a second time to schedule the DNSServiceRef onto a different serial dispatch
2621  * queue. Once scheduled onto a dispatch queue a DNSServiceRef will deliver events to that queue until
2622  * the application no longer requires that operation and terminates it using DNSServiceRefDeallocate.
2623  *
2624  * service:         DNSServiceRef that was allocated and returned to the application, when the
2625  *                  application calls one of the DNSService API.
2626  *
2627  * queue:           dispatch queue where the application callback will be scheduled
2628  *
2629  * return value:    Returns kDNSServiceErr_NoError on success.
2630  *                  Returns kDNSServiceErr_NoMemory if it cannot create a dispatch source
2631  *                  Returns kDNSServiceErr_BadParam if the service param is invalid or the
2632  *                  queue param is invalid
2633  */
2634 
2635 DNSServiceErrorType DNSSD_API DNSServiceSetDispatchQueue
2636 (
2637     DNSServiceRef service,
2638     dispatch_queue_t queue
2639 );
2640 #endif //_DNS_SD_LIBDISPATCH
2641 
2642 #if !defined(_WIN32)
2643 typedef void (DNSSD_API *DNSServiceSleepKeepaliveReply)
2644 (
2645     DNSServiceRef sdRef,
2646     DNSServiceErrorType errorCode,
2647     void                                *context
2648 );
2649 DNSServiceErrorType DNSSD_API DNSServiceSleepKeepalive
2650 (
2651     DNSServiceRef                       *sdRef,
2652     DNSServiceFlags flags,
2653     int fd,
2654     unsigned int timeout,
2655     DNSServiceSleepKeepaliveReply callBack,
2656     void                                *context
2657 );
2658 #endif
2659 
2660 /* Some C compiler cleverness. We can make the compiler check certain things for us,
2661  * and report errors at compile-time if anything is wrong. The usual way to do this would
2662  * be to use a run-time "if" statement or the conventional run-time "assert" mechanism, but
2663  * then you don't find out what's wrong until you run the software. This way, if the assertion
2664  * condition is false, the array size is negative, and the complier complains immediately.
2665  */
2666 
2667 struct CompileTimeAssertionChecks_DNS_SD
2668 {
2669     char assert0[(sizeof(union _TXTRecordRef_t) == 16) ? 1 : -1];
2670 };
2671 
2672 #ifdef  __cplusplus
2673 }
2674 #endif
2675 
2676 #endif  /* _DNS_SD_H */
2677