1 /****************************************************************************** 2 * 3 * Module Name: evgpeinit - System GPE initialization and update 4 * 5 *****************************************************************************/ 6 7 /****************************************************************************** 8 * 9 * 1. Copyright Notice 10 * 11 * Some or all of this work - Copyright (c) 1999 - 2018, Intel Corp. 12 * All rights reserved. 13 * 14 * 2. License 15 * 16 * 2.1. This is your license from Intel Corp. under its intellectual property 17 * rights. You may have additional license terms from the party that provided 18 * you this software, covering your right to use that party's intellectual 19 * property rights. 20 * 21 * 2.2. Intel grants, free of charge, to any person ("Licensee") obtaining a 22 * copy of the source code appearing in this file ("Covered Code") an 23 * irrevocable, perpetual, worldwide license under Intel's copyrights in the 24 * base code distributed originally by Intel ("Original Intel Code") to copy, 25 * make derivatives, distribute, use and display any portion of the Covered 26 * Code in any form, with the right to sublicense such rights; and 27 * 28 * 2.3. Intel grants Licensee a non-exclusive and non-transferable patent 29 * license (with the right to sublicense), under only those claims of Intel 30 * patents that are infringed by the Original Intel Code, to make, use, sell, 31 * offer to sell, and import the Covered Code and derivative works thereof 32 * solely to the minimum extent necessary to exercise the above copyright 33 * license, and in no event shall the patent license extend to any additions 34 * to or modifications of the Original Intel Code. No other license or right 35 * is granted directly or by implication, estoppel or otherwise; 36 * 37 * The above copyright and patent license is granted only if the following 38 * conditions are met: 39 * 40 * 3. Conditions 41 * 42 * 3.1. Redistribution of Source with Rights to Further Distribute Source. 43 * Redistribution of source code of any substantial portion of the Covered 44 * Code or modification with rights to further distribute source must include 45 * the above Copyright Notice, the above License, this list of Conditions, 46 * and the following Disclaimer and Export Compliance provision. In addition, 47 * Licensee must cause all Covered Code to which Licensee contributes to 48 * contain a file documenting the changes Licensee made to create that Covered 49 * Code and the date of any change. Licensee must include in that file the 50 * documentation of any changes made by any predecessor Licensee. Licensee 51 * must include a prominent statement that the modification is derived, 52 * directly or indirectly, from Original Intel Code. 53 * 54 * 3.2. Redistribution of Source with no Rights to Further Distribute Source. 55 * Redistribution of source code of any substantial portion of the Covered 56 * Code or modification without rights to further distribute source must 57 * include the following Disclaimer and Export Compliance provision in the 58 * documentation and/or other materials provided with distribution. In 59 * addition, Licensee may not authorize further sublicense of source of any 60 * portion of the Covered Code, and must include terms to the effect that the 61 * license from Licensee to its licensee is limited to the intellectual 62 * property embodied in the software Licensee provides to its licensee, and 63 * not to intellectual property embodied in modifications its licensee may 64 * make. 65 * 66 * 3.3. Redistribution of Executable. Redistribution in executable form of any 67 * substantial portion of the Covered Code or modification must reproduce the 68 * above Copyright Notice, and the following Disclaimer and Export Compliance 69 * provision in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the 70 * distribution. 71 * 72 * 3.4. Intel retains all right, title, and interest in and to the Original 73 * Intel Code. 74 * 75 * 3.5. Neither the name Intel nor any other trademark owned or controlled by 76 * Intel shall be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale, use or 77 * other dealings in products derived from or relating to the Covered Code 78 * without prior written authorization from Intel. 79 * 80 * 4. Disclaimer and Export Compliance 81 * 82 * 4.1. INTEL MAKES NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND REGARDING ANY SOFTWARE PROVIDED 83 * HERE. ANY SOFTWARE ORIGINATING FROM INTEL OR DERIVED FROM INTEL SOFTWARE 84 * IS PROVIDED "AS IS," AND INTEL WILL NOT PROVIDE ANY SUPPORT, ASSISTANCE, 85 * INSTALLATION, TRAINING OR OTHER SERVICES. INTEL WILL NOT PROVIDE ANY 86 * UPDATES, ENHANCEMENTS OR EXTENSIONS. INTEL SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY 87 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, NONINFRINGEMENT AND FITNESS FOR A 88 * PARTICULAR PURPOSE. 89 * 90 * 4.2. IN NO EVENT SHALL INTEL HAVE ANY LIABILITY TO LICENSEE, ITS LICENSEES 91 * OR ANY OTHER THIRD PARTY, FOR ANY LOST PROFITS, LOST DATA, LOSS OF USE OR 92 * COSTS OF PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES, OR FOR ANY INDIRECT, 93 * SPECIAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THIS AGREEMENT, UNDER ANY 94 * CAUSE OF ACTION OR THEORY OF LIABILITY, AND IRRESPECTIVE OF WHETHER INTEL 95 * HAS ADVANCE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. THESE LIMITATIONS 96 * SHALL APPLY NOTWITHSTANDING THE FAILURE OF THE ESSENTIAL PURPOSE OF ANY 97 * LIMITED REMEDY. 98 * 99 * 4.3. Licensee shall not export, either directly or indirectly, any of this 100 * software or system incorporating such software without first obtaining any 101 * required license or other approval from the U. S. Department of Commerce or 102 * any other agency or department of the United States Government. In the 103 * event Licensee exports any such software from the United States or 104 * re-exports any such software from a foreign destination, Licensee shall 105 * ensure that the distribution and export/re-export of the software is in 106 * compliance with all laws, regulations, orders, or other restrictions of the 107 * U.S. Export Administration Regulations. Licensee agrees that neither it nor 108 * any of its subsidiaries will export/re-export any technical data, process, 109 * software, or service, directly or indirectly, to any country for which the 110 * United States government or any agency thereof requires an export license, 111 * other governmental approval, or letter of assurance, without first obtaining 112 * such license, approval or letter. 113 * 114 ***************************************************************************** 115 * 116 * Alternatively, you may choose to be licensed under the terms of the 117 * following license: 118 * 119 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 120 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 121 * are met: 122 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 123 * notice, this list of conditions, and the following disclaimer, 124 * without modification. 125 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce at minimum a disclaimer 126 * substantially similar to the "NO WARRANTY" disclaimer below 127 * ("Disclaimer") and any redistribution must be conditioned upon 128 * including a substantially similar Disclaimer requirement for further 129 * binary redistribution. 130 * 3. Neither the names of the above-listed copyright holders nor the names 131 * of any contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived 132 * from this software without specific prior written permission. 133 * 134 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS 135 * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT 136 * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR 137 * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT 138 * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, 139 * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT 140 * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, 141 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY 142 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT 143 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE 144 * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 145 * 146 * Alternatively, you may choose to be licensed under the terms of the 147 * GNU General Public License ("GPL") version 2 as published by the Free 148 * Software Foundation. 149 * 150 *****************************************************************************/ 151 152 #include "acpi.h" 153 #include "accommon.h" 154 #include "acevents.h" 155 #include "acnamesp.h" 156 157 #define _COMPONENT ACPI_EVENTS 158 ACPI_MODULE_NAME ("evgpeinit") 159 160 #if (!ACPI_REDUCED_HARDWARE) /* Entire module */ 161 162 /* 163 * Note: History of _PRW support in ACPICA 164 * 165 * Originally (2000 - 2010), the GPE initialization code performed a walk of 166 * the entire namespace to execute the _PRW methods and detect all GPEs 167 * capable of waking the system. 168 * 169 * As of 10/2010, the _PRW method execution has been removed since it is 170 * actually unnecessary. The host OS must in fact execute all _PRW methods 171 * in order to identify the device/power-resource dependencies. We now put 172 * the onus on the host OS to identify the wake GPEs as part of this process 173 * and to inform ACPICA of these GPEs via the AcpiSetupGpeForWake interface. This 174 * not only reduces the complexity of the ACPICA initialization code, but in 175 * some cases (on systems with very large namespaces) it should reduce the 176 * kernel boot time as well. 177 */ 178 179 /******************************************************************************* 180 * 181 * FUNCTION: AcpiEvGpeInitialize 182 * 183 * PARAMETERS: None 184 * 185 * RETURN: Status 186 * 187 * DESCRIPTION: Initialize the GPE data structures and the FADT GPE 0/1 blocks 188 * 189 ******************************************************************************/ 190 191 ACPI_STATUS 192 AcpiEvGpeInitialize ( 193 void) 194 { 195 UINT32 RegisterCount0 = 0; 196 UINT32 RegisterCount1 = 0; 197 UINT32 GpeNumberMax = 0; 198 ACPI_STATUS Status; 199 200 201 ACPI_FUNCTION_TRACE (EvGpeInitialize); 202 203 204 ACPI_DEBUG_PRINT_RAW ((ACPI_DB_INIT, 205 "Initializing General Purpose Events (GPEs):\n")); 206 207 Status = AcpiUtAcquireMutex (ACPI_MTX_NAMESPACE); 208 if (ACPI_FAILURE (Status)) 209 { 210 return_ACPI_STATUS (Status); 211 } 212 213 /* 214 * Initialize the GPE Block(s) defined in the FADT 215 * 216 * Why the GPE register block lengths are divided by 2: From the ACPI 217 * Spec, section "General-Purpose Event Registers", we have: 218 * 219 * "Each register block contains two registers of equal length 220 * GPEx_STS and GPEx_EN (where x is 0 or 1). The length of the 221 * GPE0_STS and GPE0_EN registers is equal to half the GPE0_LEN 222 * The length of the GPE1_STS and GPE1_EN registers is equal to 223 * half the GPE1_LEN. If a generic register block is not supported 224 * then its respective block pointer and block length values in the 225 * FADT table contain zeros. The GPE0_LEN and GPE1_LEN do not need 226 * to be the same size." 227 */ 228 229 /* 230 * Determine the maximum GPE number for this machine. 231 * 232 * Note: both GPE0 and GPE1 are optional, and either can exist without 233 * the other. 234 * 235 * If EITHER the register length OR the block address are zero, then that 236 * particular block is not supported. 237 */ 238 if (AcpiGbl_FADT.Gpe0BlockLength && 239 AcpiGbl_FADT.XGpe0Block.Address) 240 { 241 /* GPE block 0 exists (has both length and address > 0) */ 242 243 RegisterCount0 = (UINT16) (AcpiGbl_FADT.Gpe0BlockLength / 2); 244 GpeNumberMax = (RegisterCount0 * ACPI_GPE_REGISTER_WIDTH) - 1; 245 246 /* Install GPE Block 0 */ 247 248 Status = AcpiEvCreateGpeBlock (AcpiGbl_FadtGpeDevice, 249 AcpiGbl_FADT.XGpe0Block.Address, 250 AcpiGbl_FADT.XGpe0Block.SpaceId, 251 RegisterCount0, 0, 252 AcpiGbl_FADT.SciInterrupt, &AcpiGbl_GpeFadtBlocks[0]); 253 254 if (ACPI_FAILURE (Status)) 255 { 256 ACPI_EXCEPTION ((AE_INFO, Status, 257 "Could not create GPE Block 0")); 258 } 259 } 260 261 if (AcpiGbl_FADT.Gpe1BlockLength && 262 AcpiGbl_FADT.XGpe1Block.Address) 263 { 264 /* GPE block 1 exists (has both length and address > 0) */ 265 266 RegisterCount1 = (UINT16) (AcpiGbl_FADT.Gpe1BlockLength / 2); 267 268 /* Check for GPE0/GPE1 overlap (if both banks exist) */ 269 270 if ((RegisterCount0) && 271 (GpeNumberMax >= AcpiGbl_FADT.Gpe1Base)) 272 { 273 ACPI_ERROR ((AE_INFO, 274 "GPE0 block (GPE 0 to %u) overlaps the GPE1 block " 275 "(GPE %u to %u) - Ignoring GPE1", 276 GpeNumberMax, AcpiGbl_FADT.Gpe1Base, 277 AcpiGbl_FADT.Gpe1Base + 278 ((RegisterCount1 * ACPI_GPE_REGISTER_WIDTH) - 1))); 279 280 /* Ignore GPE1 block by setting the register count to zero */ 281 282 RegisterCount1 = 0; 283 } 284 else 285 { 286 /* Install GPE Block 1 */ 287 288 Status = AcpiEvCreateGpeBlock (AcpiGbl_FadtGpeDevice, 289 AcpiGbl_FADT.XGpe1Block.Address, 290 AcpiGbl_FADT.XGpe1Block.SpaceId, 291 RegisterCount1, 292 AcpiGbl_FADT.Gpe1Base, 293 AcpiGbl_FADT.SciInterrupt, &AcpiGbl_GpeFadtBlocks[1]); 294 295 if (ACPI_FAILURE (Status)) 296 { 297 ACPI_EXCEPTION ((AE_INFO, Status, 298 "Could not create GPE Block 1")); 299 } 300 301 /* 302 * GPE0 and GPE1 do not have to be contiguous in the GPE number 303 * space. However, GPE0 always starts at GPE number zero. 304 */ 305 GpeNumberMax = AcpiGbl_FADT.Gpe1Base + 306 ((RegisterCount1 * ACPI_GPE_REGISTER_WIDTH) - 1); 307 } 308 } 309 310 /* Exit if there are no GPE registers */ 311 312 if ((RegisterCount0 + RegisterCount1) == 0) 313 { 314 /* GPEs are not required by ACPI, this is OK */ 315 316 ACPI_DEBUG_PRINT ((ACPI_DB_INIT, 317 "There are no GPE blocks defined in the FADT\n")); 318 Status = AE_OK; 319 goto Cleanup; 320 } 321 322 323 Cleanup: 324 (void) AcpiUtReleaseMutex (ACPI_MTX_NAMESPACE); 325 return_ACPI_STATUS (AE_OK); 326 } 327 328 329 /******************************************************************************* 330 * 331 * FUNCTION: AcpiEvUpdateGpes 332 * 333 * PARAMETERS: TableOwnerId - ID of the newly-loaded ACPI table 334 * 335 * RETURN: None 336 * 337 * DESCRIPTION: Check for new GPE methods (_Lxx/_Exx) made available as a 338 * result of a Load() or LoadTable() operation. If new GPE 339 * methods have been installed, register the new methods. 340 * 341 ******************************************************************************/ 342 343 void 344 AcpiEvUpdateGpes ( 345 ACPI_OWNER_ID TableOwnerId) 346 { 347 ACPI_GPE_XRUPT_INFO *GpeXruptInfo; 348 ACPI_GPE_BLOCK_INFO *GpeBlock; 349 ACPI_GPE_WALK_INFO WalkInfo; 350 ACPI_STATUS Status = AE_OK; 351 352 353 /* 354 * Find any _Lxx/_Exx GPE methods that have just been loaded. 355 * 356 * Any GPEs that correspond to new _Lxx/_Exx methods are immediately 357 * enabled. 358 * 359 * Examine the namespace underneath each GpeDevice within the 360 * GpeBlock lists. 361 */ 362 Status = AcpiUtAcquireMutex (ACPI_MTX_EVENTS); 363 if (ACPI_FAILURE (Status)) 364 { 365 return; 366 } 367 368 WalkInfo.Count = 0; 369 WalkInfo.OwnerId = TableOwnerId; 370 WalkInfo.ExecuteByOwnerId = TRUE; 371 372 /* Walk the interrupt level descriptor list */ 373 374 GpeXruptInfo = AcpiGbl_GpeXruptListHead; 375 while (GpeXruptInfo) 376 { 377 /* Walk all Gpe Blocks attached to this interrupt level */ 378 379 GpeBlock = GpeXruptInfo->GpeBlockListHead; 380 while (GpeBlock) 381 { 382 WalkInfo.GpeBlock = GpeBlock; 383 WalkInfo.GpeDevice = GpeBlock->Node; 384 385 Status = AcpiNsWalkNamespace (ACPI_TYPE_METHOD, 386 WalkInfo.GpeDevice, ACPI_UINT32_MAX, 387 ACPI_NS_WALK_NO_UNLOCK, AcpiEvMatchGpeMethod, 388 NULL, &WalkInfo, NULL); 389 if (ACPI_FAILURE (Status)) 390 { 391 ACPI_EXCEPTION ((AE_INFO, Status, 392 "While decoding _Lxx/_Exx methods")); 393 } 394 395 GpeBlock = GpeBlock->Next; 396 } 397 398 GpeXruptInfo = GpeXruptInfo->Next; 399 } 400 401 if (WalkInfo.Count) 402 { 403 ACPI_INFO (("Enabled %u new GPEs", WalkInfo.Count)); 404 } 405 406 (void) AcpiUtReleaseMutex (ACPI_MTX_EVENTS); 407 return; 408 } 409 410 411 /******************************************************************************* 412 * 413 * FUNCTION: AcpiEvMatchGpeMethod 414 * 415 * PARAMETERS: Callback from WalkNamespace 416 * 417 * RETURN: Status 418 * 419 * DESCRIPTION: Called from AcpiWalkNamespace. Expects each object to be a 420 * control method under the _GPE portion of the namespace. 421 * Extract the name and GPE type from the object, saving this 422 * information for quick lookup during GPE dispatch. Allows a 423 * per-OwnerId evaluation if ExecuteByOwnerId is TRUE in the 424 * WalkInfo parameter block. 425 * 426 * The name of each GPE control method is of the form: 427 * "_Lxx" or "_Exx", where: 428 * L - means that the GPE is level triggered 429 * E - means that the GPE is edge triggered 430 * xx - is the GPE number [in HEX] 431 * 432 * If WalkInfo->ExecuteByOwnerId is TRUE, we only execute examine GPE methods 433 * with that owner. 434 * 435 ******************************************************************************/ 436 437 ACPI_STATUS 438 AcpiEvMatchGpeMethod ( 439 ACPI_HANDLE ObjHandle, 440 UINT32 Level, 441 void *Context, 442 void **ReturnValue) 443 { 444 ACPI_NAMESPACE_NODE *MethodNode = ACPI_CAST_PTR (ACPI_NAMESPACE_NODE, ObjHandle); 445 ACPI_GPE_WALK_INFO *WalkInfo = ACPI_CAST_PTR (ACPI_GPE_WALK_INFO, Context); 446 ACPI_GPE_EVENT_INFO *GpeEventInfo; 447 ACPI_STATUS Status; 448 UINT32 GpeNumber; 449 UINT8 TempGpeNumber; 450 char Name[ACPI_NAME_SIZE + 1]; 451 UINT8 Type; 452 453 454 ACPI_FUNCTION_TRACE (EvMatchGpeMethod); 455 456 457 /* Check if requested OwnerId matches this OwnerId */ 458 459 if ((WalkInfo->ExecuteByOwnerId) && 460 (MethodNode->OwnerId != WalkInfo->OwnerId)) 461 { 462 return_ACPI_STATUS (AE_OK); 463 } 464 465 /* 466 * Match and decode the _Lxx and _Exx GPE method names 467 * 468 * 1) Extract the method name and null terminate it 469 */ 470 ACPI_MOVE_32_TO_32 (Name, &MethodNode->Name.Integer); 471 Name[ACPI_NAME_SIZE] = 0; 472 473 /* 2) Name must begin with an underscore */ 474 475 if (Name[0] != '_') 476 { 477 return_ACPI_STATUS (AE_OK); /* Ignore this method */ 478 } 479 480 /* 481 * 3) Edge/Level determination is based on the 2nd character 482 * of the method name 483 */ 484 switch (Name[1]) 485 { 486 case 'L': 487 488 Type = ACPI_GPE_LEVEL_TRIGGERED; 489 break; 490 491 case 'E': 492 493 Type = ACPI_GPE_EDGE_TRIGGERED; 494 break; 495 496 default: 497 498 /* Unknown method type, just ignore it */ 499 500 ACPI_DEBUG_PRINT ((ACPI_DB_LOAD, 501 "Ignoring unknown GPE method type: %s " 502 "(name not of form _Lxx or _Exx)", Name)); 503 return_ACPI_STATUS (AE_OK); 504 } 505 506 /* 4) The last two characters of the name are the hex GPE Number */ 507 508 Status = AcpiUtAsciiToHexByte (&Name[2], &TempGpeNumber); 509 if (ACPI_FAILURE (Status)) 510 { 511 /* Conversion failed; invalid method, just ignore it */ 512 513 ACPI_DEBUG_PRINT ((ACPI_DB_LOAD, 514 "Could not extract GPE number from name: %s " 515 "(name is not of form _Lxx or _Exx)", Name)); 516 return_ACPI_STATUS (AE_OK); 517 } 518 519 /* Ensure that we have a valid GPE number for this GPE block */ 520 521 GpeNumber = (UINT32) TempGpeNumber; 522 GpeEventInfo = AcpiEvLowGetGpeInfo (GpeNumber, WalkInfo->GpeBlock); 523 if (!GpeEventInfo) 524 { 525 /* 526 * This GpeNumber is not valid for this GPE block, just ignore it. 527 * However, it may be valid for a different GPE block, since GPE0 528 * and GPE1 methods both appear under \_GPE. 529 */ 530 return_ACPI_STATUS (AE_OK); 531 } 532 533 if ((ACPI_GPE_DISPATCH_TYPE (GpeEventInfo->Flags) == 534 ACPI_GPE_DISPATCH_HANDLER) || 535 (ACPI_GPE_DISPATCH_TYPE (GpeEventInfo->Flags) == 536 ACPI_GPE_DISPATCH_RAW_HANDLER)) 537 { 538 /* If there is already a handler, ignore this GPE method */ 539 540 return_ACPI_STATUS (AE_OK); 541 } 542 543 if (ACPI_GPE_DISPATCH_TYPE (GpeEventInfo->Flags) == 544 ACPI_GPE_DISPATCH_METHOD) 545 { 546 /* 547 * If there is already a method, ignore this method. But check 548 * for a type mismatch (if both the _Lxx AND _Exx exist) 549 */ 550 if (Type != (GpeEventInfo->Flags & ACPI_GPE_XRUPT_TYPE_MASK)) 551 { 552 ACPI_ERROR ((AE_INFO, 553 "For GPE 0x%.2X, found both _L%2.2X and _E%2.2X methods", 554 GpeNumber, GpeNumber, GpeNumber)); 555 } 556 return_ACPI_STATUS (AE_OK); 557 } 558 559 /* Disable the GPE in case it's been enabled already. */ 560 561 (void) AcpiHwLowSetGpe (GpeEventInfo, ACPI_GPE_DISABLE); 562 563 /* 564 * Add the GPE information from above to the GpeEventInfo block for 565 * use during dispatch of this GPE. 566 */ 567 GpeEventInfo->Flags &= ~(ACPI_GPE_DISPATCH_MASK); 568 GpeEventInfo->Flags |= (UINT8) (Type | ACPI_GPE_DISPATCH_METHOD); 569 GpeEventInfo->Dispatch.MethodNode = MethodNode; 570 571 ACPI_DEBUG_PRINT ((ACPI_DB_LOAD, 572 "Registered GPE method %s as GPE number 0x%.2X\n", 573 Name, GpeNumber)); 574 return_ACPI_STATUS (AE_OK); 575 } 576 577 #endif /* !ACPI_REDUCED_HARDWARE */ 578