cmd/nvmeadm/nvmeadm.c

/*
 * This file and its contents are supplied under the terms of the
 * Common Development and Distribution License ("CDDL"), version 1.0.
 * You may only use this file in accordance with the terms of version
 * 1.0 of the CDDL.
 *
 * A full copy of the text of the CDDL should have accompanied this
 * source.  A copy of the CDDL is also available via the Internet at
 * http://www.illumos.org/license/CDDL.
 */

/*
 * Copyright 2017 Joyent, Inc.
 * Copyright 2021 Oxide Computer Company
 * Copyright 2022 Tintri by DDN, Inc. All rights reserved.
 */

/*
 * nvmeadm -- NVMe administration utility
 *
 * nvmeadm [-v] [-d] [-h] <command> [<ctl>[/<ns>][,...]] [args]
 * commands:	list
 *		identify
 *		get-logpage <logpage name>
 *		get-features <feature>[,...]
 *		format ...
 *		secure-erase ...
 *		detach ...
 *		attach ...
 *		list-firmware ...
 *		load-firmware ...
 *		commit-firmware ...
 *		activate-firmware ...
 */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <err.h>
#include <sys/sunddi.h>
#include <libdevinfo.h>

#include <sys/nvme.h>

#include "nvmeadm.h"

/*
 * Assertions to make sure that we've properly captured various aspects of the
 * packed structures and haven't broken them during updates.
 */
CTASSERT(sizeof (nvme_identify_ctrl_t) == NVME_IDENTIFY_BUFSIZE);
CTASSERT(offsetof(nvme_identify_ctrl_t, id_oacs) == 256);
CTASSERT(offsetof(nvme_identify_ctrl_t, id_sqes) == 512);
CTASSERT(offsetof(nvme_identify_ctrl_t, id_oncs) == 520);
CTASSERT(offsetof(nvme_identify_ctrl_t, id_subnqn) == 768);
CTASSERT(offsetof(nvme_identify_ctrl_t, id_nvmof) == 1792);
CTASSERT(offsetof(nvme_identify_ctrl_t, id_psd) == 2048);
CTASSERT(offsetof(nvme_identify_ctrl_t, id_vs) == 3072);

CTASSERT(sizeof (nvme_identify_nsid_t) == NVME_IDENTIFY_BUFSIZE);
CTASSERT(offsetof(nvme_identify_nsid_t, id_fpi) == 32);
CTASSERT(offsetof(nvme_identify_nsid_t, id_anagrpid) == 92);
CTASSERT(offsetof(nvme_identify_nsid_t, id_nguid) == 104);
CTASSERT(offsetof(nvme_identify_nsid_t, id_lbaf) == 128);
CTASSERT(offsetof(nvme_identify_nsid_t, id_vs) == 384);

CTASSERT(sizeof (nvme_identify_nsid_list_t) == NVME_IDENTIFY_BUFSIZE);
CTASSERT(sizeof (nvme_identify_ctrl_list_t) == NVME_IDENTIFY_BUFSIZE);

CTASSERT(sizeof (nvme_identify_primary_caps_t) == NVME_IDENTIFY_BUFSIZE);
CTASSERT(offsetof(nvme_identify_primary_caps_t, nipc_vqfrt) == 32);
CTASSERT(offsetof(nvme_identify_primary_caps_t, nipc_vifrt) == 64);

CTASSERT(sizeof (nvme_nschange_list_t) == 4096);


struct nvme_feature {
	char *f_name;
	char *f_short;
	uint8_t f_feature;
	size_t f_bufsize;
	uint_t f_getflags;
	int (*f_get)(int, const nvme_feature_t *, const nvme_process_arg_t *);
	void (*f_print)(uint64_t, void *, size_t, nvme_identify_ctrl_t *,
	    nvme_version_t *);
};

#define	NVMEADM_F_CTRL	1
#define	NVMEADM_F_NS	2
#define	NVMEADM_F_BOTH	(NVMEADM_F_CTRL | NVMEADM_F_NS)

#define	NVMEADM_C_MULTI	1
#define	NVMEADM_C_EXCL	2

struct nvmeadm_cmd {
	char *c_name;
	const char *c_desc;
	const char *c_flagdesc;
	int (*c_func)(int, const nvme_process_arg_t *);
	void (*c_usage)(const char *);
	void (*c_optparse)(nvme_process_arg_t *);
	int c_flags;
};


static void usage(const nvmeadm_cmd_t *);
static void nvme_walk(nvme_process_arg_t *, di_node_t);
static boolean_t nvme_match_ctrl(nvme_process_arg_t *);
static boolean_t nvme_match_ns(nvme_process_arg_t *);

static int nvme_process(di_node_t, di_minor_t, void *);

static int do_list(int, const nvme_process_arg_t *);
static int do_identify(int, const nvme_process_arg_t *);
static int do_identify_ctrl(int, const nvme_process_arg_t *);
static int do_identify_ns(int, const nvme_process_arg_t *);
static int do_get_logpage_error(int, const nvme_process_arg_t *);
static int do_get_logpage_health(int, const nvme_process_arg_t *);
static int do_get_logpage_fwslot(int, const nvme_process_arg_t *);
static int do_get_logpage(int, const nvme_process_arg_t *);
static int do_get_feat_common(int, const nvme_feature_t *,
    const nvme_process_arg_t *);
static int do_get_feat_intr_vect(int, const nvme_feature_t *,
    const nvme_process_arg_t *);
static int do_get_feat_temp_thresh(int, const nvme_feature_t *,
    const nvme_process_arg_t *);
static int do_get_features(int, const nvme_process_arg_t *);
static int do_format(int, const nvme_process_arg_t *);
static int do_secure_erase(int, const nvme_process_arg_t *);
static int do_attach_detach(int, const nvme_process_arg_t *);
static int do_firmware_load(int, const nvme_process_arg_t *);
static int do_firmware_commit(int, const nvme_process_arg_t *);
static int do_firmware_activate(int, const nvme_process_arg_t *);

static void optparse_list(nvme_process_arg_t *);
static void optparse_identify(nvme_process_arg_t *);
static void optparse_identify_ctrl(nvme_process_arg_t *);
static void optparse_identify_ns(nvme_process_arg_t *);
static void optparse_secure_erase(nvme_process_arg_t *);

static void usage_list(const char *);
static void usage_identify(const char *);
static void usage_identify_ctrl(const char *);
static void usage_identify_ns(const char *);
static void usage_get_logpage(const char *);
static void usage_get_features(const char *);
static void usage_format(const char *);
static void usage_secure_erase(const char *);
static void usage_attach_detach(const char *);
static void usage_firmware_list(const char *);
static void usage_firmware_load(const char *);
static void usage_firmware_commit(const char *);
static void usage_firmware_activate(const char *);

int verbose;
int debug;

#define	NVMEADM_O_SE_CRYPTO	0x00000004

#define	NVMEADM_O_ID_NSID_LIST	0x00000008
#define	NVMEADM_O_ID_COMMON_NS	0x00000010
#define	NVMEADM_O_ID_CTRL_LIST	0x00000020
#define	NVMEADM_O_ID_DESC_LIST	0x00000040
#define	NVMEADM_O_ID_ALLOC_NS	0x00000080

static int exitcode;

/*
 * Nvmeadm subcommand definitons.
 *
 * When adding a new subcommand, please check that the commands still
 * line up in the usage() message, and adjust the format string in
 * usage() below if necessary.
 */
static const nvmeadm_cmd_t nvmeadm_cmds[] = {
	{
		"list",
		"list controllers and namespaces",
		"  -p\t\tprint parsable output\n"
		    "  -o field\tselect a field for parsable output\n",
		do_list, usage_list, optparse_list,
		NVMEADM_C_MULTI
	},
	{
		"identify",
		"identify controllers and/or namespaces",
		"  -C\t\tget Common Namespace Identification\n"
		"  -a\t\tget only allocated namespace information\n"
		"  -c\t\tget controller identifier list\n"
		"  -d\t\tget namespace identification descriptors list\n"
		"  -n\t\tget namespaces identifier list\n",
		do_identify, usage_identify, optparse_identify,
		NVMEADM_C_MULTI
	},
	{
		"identify-controller",
		"identify controllers",
		"  -C\t\tget Common Namespace Identification\n"
		"  -a\t\tget only allocated namespace information\n"
		"  -c\t\tget controller identifier list\n"
		"  -n\t\tget namespaces identifier list\n",
		do_identify_ctrl, usage_identify_ctrl, optparse_identify_ctrl,
		NVMEADM_C_MULTI
	},
	{
		"identify-namespace",
		"identify namespaces",
		"  -c\t\tget attached controller identifier list\n"
		"  -d\t\tget namespace identification descriptors list\n",
		do_identify_ns, usage_identify_ns, optparse_identify_ns,
		NVMEADM_C_MULTI
	},
	{
		"get-logpage",
		"get a log page from controllers and/or namespaces",
		NULL,
		do_get_logpage, usage_get_logpage, NULL,
		NVMEADM_C_MULTI
	},
	{
		"get-features",
		"get features from controllers and/or namespaces",
		NULL,
		do_get_features, usage_get_features, NULL,
		NVMEADM_C_MULTI
	},
	{
		"format",
		"format namespace(s) of a controller",
		NULL,
		do_format, usage_format, NULL,
		NVMEADM_C_EXCL
	},
	{
		"secure-erase",
		"secure erase namespace(s) of a controller",
		"  -c  Do a cryptographic erase.",
		do_secure_erase, usage_secure_erase, optparse_secure_erase,
		NVMEADM_C_EXCL
	},
	{
		"detach",
		"detach blkdev(4D) from namespace(s) of a controller",
		NULL,
		do_attach_detach, usage_attach_detach, NULL,
		NVMEADM_C_EXCL
	},
	{
		"attach",
		"attach blkdev(4D) to namespace(s) of a controller",
		NULL,
		do_attach_detach, usage_attach_detach, NULL,
		NVMEADM_C_EXCL
	},
	{
		"list-firmware",
		"list firmware on a controller",
		NULL,
		do_get_logpage_fwslot, usage_firmware_list, NULL,
		0
	},
	{
		"load-firmware",
		"load firmware to a controller",
		NULL,
		do_firmware_load, usage_firmware_load, NULL,
		0
	},
	{
		"commit-firmware",
		"commit downloaded firmware to a slot of a controller",
		NULL,
		do_firmware_commit, usage_firmware_commit, NULL,
		0
	},
	{
		"activate-firmware",
		"activate a firmware slot of a controller",
		NULL,
		do_firmware_activate, usage_firmware_activate, NULL,
		0
	},
	{
		NULL, NULL, NULL,
		NULL, NULL, NULL, 0
	}
};

static const nvme_feature_t features[] = {
	{ "Arbitration", "",
	    NVME_FEAT_ARBITRATION, 0, NVMEADM_F_CTRL,
	    do_get_feat_common, nvme_print_feat_arbitration },
	{ "Power Management", "",
	    NVME_FEAT_POWER_MGMT, 0, NVMEADM_F_CTRL,
	    do_get_feat_common, nvme_print_feat_power_mgmt },
	{ "LBA Range Type", "range",
	    NVME_FEAT_LBA_RANGE, NVME_LBA_RANGE_BUFSIZE, NVMEADM_F_NS,
	    do_get_feat_common, nvme_print_feat_lba_range },
	{ "Temperature Threshold", "",
	    NVME_FEAT_TEMPERATURE, 0, NVMEADM_F_CTRL,
	    do_get_feat_temp_thresh, nvme_print_feat_temperature },
	{ "Error Recovery", "",
	    NVME_FEAT_ERROR, 0, NVMEADM_F_CTRL,
	    do_get_feat_common, nvme_print_feat_error },
	{ "Volatile Write Cache", "cache",
	    NVME_FEAT_WRITE_CACHE, 0, NVMEADM_F_CTRL,
	    do_get_feat_common, nvme_print_feat_write_cache },
	{ "Number of Queues", "queues",
	    NVME_FEAT_NQUEUES, 0, NVMEADM_F_CTRL,
	    do_get_feat_common, nvme_print_feat_nqueues },
	{ "Interrupt Coalescing", "coalescing",
	    NVME_FEAT_INTR_COAL, 0, NVMEADM_F_CTRL,
	    do_get_feat_common, nvme_print_feat_intr_coal },
	{ "Interrupt Vector Configuration", "vector",
	    NVME_FEAT_INTR_VECT, 0, NVMEADM_F_CTRL,
	    do_get_feat_intr_vect, nvme_print_feat_intr_vect },
	{ "Write Atomicity", "atomicity",
	    NVME_FEAT_WRITE_ATOM, 0, NVMEADM_F_CTRL,
	    do_get_feat_common, nvme_print_feat_write_atom },
	{ "Asynchronous Event Configuration", "event",
	    NVME_FEAT_ASYNC_EVENT, 0, NVMEADM_F_CTRL,
	    do_get_feat_common, nvme_print_feat_async_event },
	{ "Autonomous Power State Transition", "",
	    NVME_FEAT_AUTO_PST, NVME_AUTO_PST_BUFSIZE, NVMEADM_F_CTRL,
	    do_get_feat_common, nvme_print_feat_auto_pst },
	{ "Software Progress Marker", "progress",
	    NVME_FEAT_PROGRESS, 0, NVMEADM_F_CTRL,
	    do_get_feat_common, nvme_print_feat_progress },
	{ NULL, NULL, 0, 0, B_FALSE, NULL }
};


int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	int c;
	const nvmeadm_cmd_t *cmd;
	di_node_t node;
	nvme_process_arg_t npa = { 0 };
	int help = 0;
	char *tmp, *lasts = NULL;
	char *ctrl = NULL;

	while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "dhv")) != -1) {
		switch (c) {
		case 'd':
			debug++;
			break;

		case 'v':
			verbose++;
			break;

		case 'h':
			help++;
			break;

		case '?':
			usage(NULL);
			exit(-1);
		}
	}

	if (optind == argc) {
		usage(NULL);
		if (help)
			exit(0);
		else
			exit(-1);
	}

	/* Look up the specified command in the command table. */
	for (cmd = &nvmeadm_cmds[0]; cmd->c_name != NULL; cmd++)
		if (strcmp(cmd->c_name, argv[optind]) == 0)
			break;

	if (cmd->c_name == NULL) {
		usage(NULL);
		exit(-1);
	}

	if (help) {
		usage(cmd);
		exit(0);
	}

	npa.npa_cmd = cmd;
	npa.npa_interactive = B_TRUE;
	npa.npa_excl = ((cmd->c_flags & NVMEADM_C_EXCL) != 0);

	optind++;

	/*
	 * Store the remaining arguments for use by the command. Give the
	 * command a chance to process the options across the board before going
	 * into each controller.
	 */
	npa.npa_argc = argc - optind;
	npa.npa_argv = &argv[optind];

	if (cmd->c_optparse != NULL) {
		cmd->c_optparse(&npa);
	}

	/*
	 * All commands but "list" require a ctl/ns argument. However, this
	 * should not be passed through to the command in its subsequent
	 * arguments.
	 */
	if ((npa.npa_argc == 0 || (strncmp(npa.npa_argv[0], "nvme", 4) != 0)) &&
	    cmd->c_func != do_list) {
		warnx("missing controller/namespace name");
		usage(cmd);
		exit(-1);
	}

	if (npa.npa_argc > 0) {
		ctrl = npa.npa_argv[0];
		npa.npa_argv++;
		npa.npa_argc--;
	} else {
		ctrl = NULL;
	}

	/*
	 * Make sure we're not running commands on multiple controllers that
	 * aren't allowed to do that.
	 */
	if (ctrl != NULL && strchr(ctrl, ',') != NULL &&
	    (cmd->c_flags & NVMEADM_C_MULTI) == 0) {
		warnx("%s not allowed on multiple controllers",
		    cmd->c_name);
		usage(cmd);
		exit(-1);
	}

	/*
	 * Get controller/namespace arguments and run command.
	 */
	npa.npa_name = strtok_r(ctrl, ",", &lasts);
	do {
		if (npa.npa_name != NULL) {
			tmp = strchr(npa.npa_name, '/');
			if (tmp != NULL) {
				*tmp++ = '\0';
				npa.npa_nsid = tmp;
				npa.npa_isns = B_TRUE;
			}
		}

		if ((node = di_init("/", DINFOSUBTREE | DINFOMINOR)) == NULL)
			err(-1, "failed to initialize libdevinfo");
		nvme_walk(&npa, node);
		di_fini(node);

		if (npa.npa_found == 0) {
			if (npa.npa_name != NULL) {
				warnx("%s%.*s%.*s: no such controller or "
				    "namespace", npa.npa_name,
				    npa.npa_isns ? -1 : 0, "/",
				    npa.npa_isns ? -1 : 0, npa.npa_nsid);
			} else {
				warnx("no controllers found");
			}
			exitcode--;
		}
		npa.npa_found = 0;
		npa.npa_name = strtok_r(NULL, ",", &lasts);
	} while (npa.npa_name != NULL);

	exit(exitcode);
}

static void
nvme_oferr(const char *fmt, ...)
{
	va_list ap;

	va_start(ap, fmt);
	verrx(-1, fmt, ap);
}

static void
usage(const nvmeadm_cmd_t *cmd)
{
	const char *progname = getprogname();

	(void) fprintf(stderr, "usage:\n");
	(void) fprintf(stderr, "  %s -h %s\n", progname,
	    cmd != NULL ? cmd->c_name : "[<command>]");
	(void) fprintf(stderr, "  %s [-dv] ", progname);

	if (cmd != NULL) {
		cmd->c_usage(cmd->c_name);
	} else {
		(void) fprintf(stderr,
		    "<command> <ctl>[/<ns>][,...] [<args>]\n");
		(void) fprintf(stderr,
		    "\n  Manage NVMe controllers and namespaces.\n");
		(void) fprintf(stderr, "\ncommands:\n");

		for (cmd = &nvmeadm_cmds[0]; cmd->c_name != NULL; cmd++) {
			/*
			 * The longest nvmeadm subcommand is 19 characters long.
			 * The format string needs to be updated every time a
			 * longer subcommand is added.
			 */
			(void) fprintf(stderr, "  %-19s - %s\n",
			    cmd->c_name, cmd->c_desc);
		}
	}
	(void) fprintf(stderr, "\n%s flags:\n"
	    "  -h\t\tprint usage information\n"
	    "  -d\t\tprint information useful for debugging %s\n"
	    "  -v\t\tprint verbose information\n",
	    progname, progname);

	if (cmd != NULL && cmd->c_flagdesc != NULL) {
		(void) fprintf(stderr, "\n%s %s flags:\n",
		    progname, cmd->c_name);
		(void) fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", cmd->c_flagdesc);
	}
}

static boolean_t
nvme_match_ctrl(nvme_process_arg_t *npa)
{
	char *name;

	if (npa->npa_name == NULL)
		return (B_TRUE);

	if (asprintf(&name, "%s%d", di_driver_name(npa->npa_node),
	    di_instance(npa->npa_node)) < 0)
		err(-1, "nvme_match()");

	if (strcmp(name, npa->npa_name) != 0) {
		free(name);
		return (B_FALSE);
	}

	free(name);

	return (B_TRUE);
}

static boolean_t
nvme_match_ns(nvme_process_arg_t *npa)
{
	if (npa->npa_nsid == NULL)
		return (B_TRUE);

	if (strcasecmp(npa->npa_nsid, di_minor_name(npa->npa_minor)) ==
	    0)
		return (B_TRUE);

	if (npa->npa_eui64 != NULL &&
	    strcasecmp(npa->npa_nsid, npa->npa_eui64) == 0)
		return (B_TRUE);

	if (npa->npa_nguid != NULL &&
	    strcasecmp(npa->npa_nsid, npa->npa_nguid) == 0)
		return (B_TRUE);

	return (B_FALSE);
}

char *
nvme_nguid(const nvme_process_arg_t *npa)
{
	char *ret = NULL;

	if (*(uint64_t *)npa->npa_idns->id_nguid != 0 ||
	    *((uint64_t *)npa->npa_idns->id_nguid + 1) != 0) {
		uint8_t *guid = npa->npa_idns->id_nguid;

		(void) asprintf(&ret,
		    "%0.2X%0.2X%0.2X%0.2X%0.2X%0.2X%0.2X%0.2X"
		    "%0.2X%0.2X%0.2X%0.2X%0.2X%0.2X%0.2X%0.2X",
		    guid[0], guid[1], guid[2], guid[3],
		    guid[4], guid[5], guid[6], guid[7],
		    guid[8], guid[9], guid[10], guid[11],
		    guid[12], guid[13], guid[14], guid[15]);
	}

	return (ret);
}

char *
nvme_eui64(const nvme_process_arg_t *npa)
{
	char *ret = NULL;

	if (*(uint64_t *)npa->npa_idns->id_eui64 != 0) {
		uint8_t *eui64 = npa->npa_idns->id_eui64;

		(void) asprintf(&ret,
		    "%0.2X%0.2X%0.2X%0.2X%0.2X%0.2X%0.2X%0.2X",
		    eui64[0], eui64[1], eui64[2], eui64[3],
		    eui64[4], eui64[5], eui64[6], eui64[7]);
	}

	return (ret);
}

char *
nvme_dskname(const nvme_process_arg_t *npa)
{
	char *path = NULL;
	di_node_t child;
	di_dim_t dim;
	char *addr;
	char *disk_ctd;
	char *diskname = NULL;

	dim = di_dim_init();

	for (child = di_child_node(npa->npa_node);
	    child != DI_NODE_NIL;
	    child = di_sibling_node(child)) {
		addr = di_bus_addr(child);
		if (addr == NULL)
			continue;

		addr = strdup(addr);
		if (addr == NULL)
			goto fail;

		if (addr[0] == 'w')
			addr++;

		/* Chop off ,... from the bus address. */
		*(strchrnul(addr, ',')) = '\0';

		/*
		 * If there's a EUI64, that's what was used for the bus address.
		 * Otherwise it's just the numeric namespace id.
		 */
		if (npa->npa_eui64 != NULL &&
		    strcasecmp(addr, npa->npa_eui64) == 0)
			goto found;

		if (strcasecmp(addr, di_minor_name(npa->npa_minor)) != 0) {
			free(addr);
			continue;
		}

found:
		path = di_dim_path_dev(dim, di_driver_name(child),
		    di_instance(child), "c");

		/*
		 * Error out if we didn't get a path, or if it's too short for
		 * the following operations to be safe.
		 */
		if (path == NULL || strlen(path) < 2)
			goto fail;

		/* Chop off 's0' and get everything past the last '/' */
		path[strlen(path) - 2] = '\0';
		disk_ctd = strrchr(path, '/');
		if (disk_ctd == NULL)
			goto fail;
		diskname = strdup(++disk_ctd);
		if (diskname == NULL)
			goto fail;

		free(path);
		free(addr);
		break;
	}

	di_dim_fini(dim);

	return (diskname);

fail:
	free(path);
	free(addr);
	err(-1, "nvme_dskname");
}

static int
nvme_process(di_node_t node, di_minor_t minor, void *arg)
{
	nvme_process_arg_t *npa = arg;
	int fd;

	npa->npa_node = node;
	npa->npa_minor = minor;

	if (!nvme_match_ctrl(npa))
		return (DI_WALK_CONTINUE);

	if ((fd = nvme_open(minor, npa->npa_excl)) < 0)
		return (DI_WALK_CONTINUE);

	npa->npa_version = nvme_version(fd);
	if (npa->npa_version == NULL)
		goto out;

	npa->npa_idctl = nvme_identify(fd, NVME_IDENTIFY_CTRL);
	if (npa->npa_idctl == NULL)
		goto out;

	if (nvme_version_check(npa->npa_version, 1, 2) &&
	    npa->npa_idctl->id_oacs.oa_nsmgmt != 0 &&
	    npa->npa_isns) {
		/*
		 * We prefer NVME_IDENTIFY_NSID_ALLOC when supported as that can
		 * return data on inactive namespaces, too.
		 */
		npa->npa_idns = nvme_identify(fd, NVME_IDENTIFY_NSID_ALLOC);
	} else {
		npa->npa_idns = nvme_identify(fd, NVME_IDENTIFY_NSID);
	}

	if (npa->npa_idns == NULL)
		goto out;

	npa->npa_eui64 = NULL;
	npa->npa_nguid = NULL;
	npa->npa_dsk = NULL;

	if (npa->npa_isns) {
		npa->npa_ns_state = nvme_namespace_state(fd);

		if ((npa->npa_ns_state & NVME_NS_STATE_ACTIVE) != 0) {
			npa->npa_eui64 = nvme_eui64(npa);
			npa->npa_nguid = nvme_nguid(npa);
		}

		if ((npa->npa_ns_state & NVME_NS_STATE_ATTACHED) != 0) {
			npa->npa_dsk = nvme_dskname(npa);
		}

		if (!nvme_match_ns(npa))
			goto out;
	}

	npa->npa_found++;

	exitcode += npa->npa_cmd->c_func(fd, npa);

out:
	free(npa->npa_version);
	free(npa->npa_idctl);
	free(npa->npa_idns);
	free(npa->npa_dsk);
	free(npa->npa_eui64);
	free(npa->npa_nguid);

	npa->npa_version = NULL;
	npa->npa_idctl = NULL;
	npa->npa_idns = NULL;
	npa->npa_dsk = NULL;
	npa->npa_eui64 = NULL;
	npa->npa_nguid = NULL;

	nvme_close(fd);

	return (DI_WALK_CONTINUE);
}

static void
nvme_walk(nvme_process_arg_t *npa, di_node_t node)
{
	char *minor_nodetype = DDI_NT_NVME_NEXUS;

	if (npa->npa_isns)
		minor_nodetype = DDI_NT_NVME_ATTACHMENT_POINT;

	(void) di_walk_minor(node, minor_nodetype, 0, npa, nvme_process);
}

static void
usage_list(const char *c_name)
{
	(void) fprintf(stderr, "%s "
	    "[-p -o field[,...]] [<ctl>[/<ns>][,...]\n\n"
	    "  List NVMe controllers and their namespaces. If no "
	    "controllers and/or name-\n  spaces are specified, all "
	    "controllers and namespaces in the system will be\n  "
	    "listed.\n", c_name);
}

static void
optparse_list(nvme_process_arg_t *npa)
{
	int c;
	uint_t oflags = 0;
	boolean_t parse = B_FALSE;
	const char *fields = NULL;

	optind = 0;
	while ((c = getopt(npa->npa_argc, npa->npa_argv, ":o:p")) != -1) {
		switch (c) {
		case 'o':
			fields = optarg;
			break;

		case 'p':
			parse = B_TRUE;
			oflags |= OFMT_PARSABLE;
			break;

		case '?':
			errx(-1, "unknown option: -%c", optopt);

		case ':':
			errx(-1, "option -%c requires an argument", optopt);
		}
	}

	if (fields != NULL && !parse) {
		errx(-1, "-o can only be used when in parsable mode (-p)");
	}

	if (parse && fields == NULL) {
		errx(-1, "parsable mode (-p) requires one to specify output "
		    "fields with -o");
	}

	if (parse) {
		ofmt_status_t oferr;

		oferr = ofmt_open(fields, nvme_list_ofmt, oflags, 0,
		    &npa->npa_ofmt);
		ofmt_check(oferr, B_TRUE, npa->npa_ofmt, nvme_oferr, warnx);
	}

	npa->npa_argc -= optind;
	npa->npa_argv += optind;
}

static int
do_list_nsid(int fd, const nvme_process_arg_t *npa)
{
	_NOTE(ARGUNUSED(fd));
	char *dskname;

	if (!npa->npa_interactive &&
	    (npa->npa_ns_state & NVME_NS_STATE_IGNORED) != 0 &&
	    verbose == 0)
		return (0);

	if (npa->npa_ofmt != NULL) {
		ofmt_print(npa->npa_ofmt, (void *)npa);
		return (0);
	}

	if (npa->npa_ns_state == NVME_NS_STATE_IGNORED) {
		(void) printf("  %s/%s (unallocated)\n", npa->npa_name,
		    di_minor_name(npa->npa_minor));
	} else {
		if ((npa->npa_ns_state & NVME_NS_STATE_ATTACHED) != 0) {
			dskname = npa->npa_dsk;
		} else if ((npa->npa_ns_state & NVME_NS_STATE_ACTIVE) != 0) {
			if ((npa->npa_ns_state & NVME_NS_STATE_IGNORED) != 0) {
				dskname = "ignored";
			} else {
				dskname = "unattached";
			}
		} else if ((npa->npa_ns_state & NVME_NS_STATE_ALLOCATED) != 0) {
			dskname = "inactive";
		} else {
			dskname = "invalid state";
		}
		(void) printf("  %s/%s (%s): ", npa->npa_name,
		    di_minor_name(npa->npa_minor), dskname);
		nvme_print_nsid_summary(npa->npa_idns);
	}

	return (0);
}

static int
do_list(int fd, const nvme_process_arg_t *npa)
{
	_NOTE(ARGUNUSED(fd));

	nvme_process_arg_t ns_npa = { 0 };
	nvmeadm_cmd_t cmd = { 0 };
	char *name;

	if (asprintf(&name, "%s%d", di_driver_name(npa->npa_node),
	    di_instance(npa->npa_node)) < 0)
		err(-1, "do_list()");

	if (npa->npa_ofmt == NULL) {
		(void) printf("%s: ", name);
		nvme_print_ctrl_summary(npa->npa_idctl, npa->npa_version);
	}

	ns_npa.npa_name = name;
	ns_npa.npa_isns = B_TRUE;
	ns_npa.npa_nsid = npa->npa_nsid;
	cmd = *(npa->npa_cmd);
	cmd.c_func = do_list_nsid;
	ns_npa.npa_cmd = &cmd;
	ns_npa.npa_ofmt = npa->npa_ofmt;
	ns_npa.npa_idctl = npa->npa_idctl;

	nvme_walk(&ns_npa, npa->npa_node);

	free(name);

	return (exitcode);
}

static void
optparse_identify_ctrl(nvme_process_arg_t *npa)
{
	int c;

	optind = 0;
	while ((c = getopt(npa->npa_argc, npa->npa_argv, ":Cacn")) != -1) {
		switch (c) {
		case 'C':
			npa->npa_cmdflags |= NVMEADM_O_ID_COMMON_NS;
			break;

		case 'a':
			npa->npa_cmdflags |= NVMEADM_O_ID_ALLOC_NS;
			break;

		case 'c':
			npa->npa_cmdflags |= NVMEADM_O_ID_CTRL_LIST;
			break;

		case 'n':
			npa->npa_cmdflags |= NVMEADM_O_ID_NSID_LIST;
			break;

		case '?':
			errx(-1, "unknown option: -%c", optopt);

		case ':':
			errx(-1, "option -%c requires an argument", optopt);
		}
	}

	npa->npa_argc -= optind;
	npa->npa_argv += optind;
}

static void
usage_identify_ctrl(const char *c_name)
{
	(void) fprintf(stderr, "%s [-C | -c | [-a] -n] <ctl>[,...]\n\n"
	    "  Print detailed information about the specified NVMe "
	    "controllers.\n", c_name);
}

static int
do_identify_ctrl(int fd, const nvme_process_arg_t *npa)
{
	boolean_t alloc = B_FALSE;

	if (npa->npa_isns)
		errx(-1, "identify-controller cannot be used on namespaces");

	if ((npa->npa_cmdflags & NVMEADM_O_ID_COMMON_NS) != 0 &&
	    npa->npa_cmdflags != NVMEADM_O_ID_COMMON_NS) {
		errx(-1, "-C cannot be combined with other flags");
	}

	if ((npa->npa_cmdflags & NVMEADM_O_ID_CTRL_LIST) != 0 &&
	    npa->npa_cmdflags != NVMEADM_O_ID_CTRL_LIST) {
		errx(-1, "-c cannot be combined with other flags");
	}

	if ((npa->npa_cmdflags & NVMEADM_O_ID_ALLOC_NS) != 0 &&
	    npa->npa_cmdflags !=
	    (NVMEADM_O_ID_ALLOC_NS | NVMEADM_O_ID_NSID_LIST)) {
		errx(-1, "-a can only be used together with -n");
	}

	if ((npa->npa_cmdflags & NVMEADM_O_ID_ALLOC_NS) != 0) {
		if (!nvme_version_check(npa->npa_version, 1, 2)) {
			warnx("%s: -a is not supported on NVMe v%u.%u",
			    npa->npa_name, npa->npa_version->v_major,
			    npa->npa_version->v_minor);
			return (-1);
		}

		if (npa->npa_idctl->id_oacs.oa_nsmgmt == 0) {
			warnx("%s: Namespace Management not supported",
			    npa->npa_name);
			return (-1);
		}

		alloc = B_TRUE;
	}

	if ((npa->npa_cmdflags & NVMEADM_O_ID_COMMON_NS) != 0) {
		if (!nvme_version_check(npa->npa_version, 1, 2)) {
			warnx("%s: -C is not supported on NVMe v%u.%u",
			    npa->npa_name, npa->npa_version->v_major,
			    npa->npa_version->v_minor);
			return (-1);
		}

		if (npa->npa_idctl->id_oacs.oa_nsmgmt == 0) {
			warnx("%s: Namespace Management not supported",
			    npa->npa_name);
			return (-1);
		}

		(void) printf("%s: ", npa->npa_name);
		nvme_print_identify_nsid(npa->npa_idns, npa->npa_version);
	} else if ((npa->npa_cmdflags & NVMEADM_O_ID_NSID_LIST) != 0) {
		char *caption = "Identify Active Namespace List";
		nvme_identify_nsid_list_t *idnslist;

		if (!nvme_version_check(npa->npa_version, 1, 1)) {
			warnx("%s: -n is not supported on NVMe v%u.%u",
			    npa->npa_name, npa->npa_version->v_major,
			    npa->npa_version->v_minor);
			return (-1);
		}

		idnslist = nvme_identify(fd, alloc ?
		    NVME_IDENTIFY_NSID_ALLOC_LIST : NVME_IDENTIFY_NSID_LIST);

		if (idnslist == NULL)
			return (-1);

		if (alloc)
			caption = "Identify Allocated Namespace List";

		(void) printf("%s: ", npa->npa_name);

		nvme_print_identify_nsid_list(caption, idnslist);
		free(idnslist);
	} else if ((npa->npa_cmdflags & NVMEADM_O_ID_CTRL_LIST) != 0) {
		nvme_identify_ctrl_list_t *ctlist;

		if (!nvme_version_check(npa->npa_version, 1, 2)) {
			warnx("%s: -c is not supported on NVMe v%u.%u",
			    npa->npa_name, npa->npa_version->v_major,
			    npa->npa_version->v_minor);
			return (-1);
		}

		if (npa->npa_idctl->id_oacs.oa_nsmgmt == 0) {
			warnx("%s: Namespace Management not supported",
			    npa->npa_name);
			return (-1);
		}

		ctlist = nvme_identify(fd, NVME_IDENTIFY_CTRL_LIST);
		if (ctlist == NULL)
			return (-1);

		(void) printf("%s: ", npa->npa_name);
		nvme_print_identify_ctrl_list("Identify Controller List",
		    ctlist);
		free(ctlist);
	} else {
		nvme_capabilities_t *cap;

		cap = nvme_capabilities(fd);
		if (cap == NULL)
			return (-1);

		(void) printf("%s: ", npa->npa_name);
		nvme_print_identify_ctrl(npa->npa_idctl, cap, npa->npa_version);

		free(cap);
	}

	return (0);
}

static void
optparse_identify_ns(nvme_process_arg_t *npa)
{
	int c;

	optind = 0;
	while ((c = getopt(npa->npa_argc, npa->npa_argv, ":cd")) != -1) {
		switch (c) {
		case 'c':
			npa->npa_cmdflags |= NVMEADM_O_ID_CTRL_LIST;
			break;

		case 'd':
			npa->npa_cmdflags |= NVMEADM_O_ID_DESC_LIST;
			break;

		case '?':
			errx(-1, "unknown option: -%c", optopt);

		case ':':
			errx(-1, "option -%c requires an argument", optopt);
		}
	}

	npa->npa_argc -= optind;
	npa->npa_argv += optind;
}

static void
usage_identify_ns(const char *c_name)
{
	(void) fprintf(stderr, "%s [-c | -d ] <ctl>/<ns>[,...]\n\n"
	    "  Print detailed information about the specified NVMe "
	    "namespaces.\n", c_name);
}

static int
do_identify_ns(int fd, const nvme_process_arg_t *npa)
{
	if (!npa->npa_isns)
		errx(-1, "identify-namespace cannot be used on controllers");

	if ((npa->npa_cmdflags & NVMEADM_O_ID_CTRL_LIST) != 0 &&
	    npa->npa_cmdflags != NVMEADM_O_ID_CTRL_LIST) {
		errx(-1, "-c cannot be combined with other flags");
	}

	if ((npa->npa_cmdflags & NVMEADM_O_ID_DESC_LIST) != 0 &&
	    npa->npa_cmdflags != NVMEADM_O_ID_DESC_LIST) {
		errx(-1, "-d cannot be combined with other flags");
	}

	if ((npa->npa_cmdflags & NVMEADM_O_ID_ALLOC_NS) != 0) {
		errx(-1, "-a cannot be used on namespaces");
	}

	if ((npa->npa_cmdflags & NVMEADM_O_ID_CTRL_LIST) != 0) {
		nvme_identify_ctrl_list_t *ctlist;

		if (!nvme_version_check(npa->npa_version, 1, 2)) {
			warnx("%s: -c is not supported on NVMe v%u.%u",
			    npa->npa_name, npa->npa_version->v_major,
			    npa->npa_version->v_minor);
			return (-1);
		}

		if (npa->npa_idctl->id_oacs.oa_nsmgmt == 0) {
			warnx("%s: Namespace Management not supported",
			    npa->npa_name);
			return (-1);
		}

		ctlist = nvme_identify(fd, NVME_IDENTIFY_NSID_CTRL_LIST);
		if (ctlist == NULL)
			return (-1);

		(void) printf("%s/%s: ", npa->npa_name,
		    di_minor_name(npa->npa_minor));
		nvme_print_identify_ctrl_list(
		    "Identify Attached Controller List", ctlist);
		free(ctlist);
	} else if ((npa->npa_cmdflags & NVMEADM_O_ID_DESC_LIST) != 0) {
		nvme_identify_nsid_desc_t *nsdesc;

		if (!nvme_version_check(npa->npa_version, 1, 3)) {
			warnx("%s: -d is not supported on NVMe v%u.%u",
			    npa->npa_name, npa->npa_version->v_major,
			    npa->npa_version->v_minor);
			return (-1);
		}

		nsdesc = nvme_identify(fd, NVME_IDENTIFY_NSID_DESC);
		if (nsdesc == NULL)
			return (-1);

		(void) printf("%s/%s: ", npa->npa_name,
		    di_minor_name(npa->npa_minor));
		nvme_print_identify_nsid_desc(nsdesc);
		free(nsdesc);
	} else {
		(void) printf("%s/%s: ", npa->npa_name,
		    di_minor_name(npa->npa_minor));
		nvme_print_identify_nsid(npa->npa_idns, npa->npa_version);
	}

	return (0);
}

static void
optparse_identify(nvme_process_arg_t *npa)
{
	int c;

	optind = 0;
	while ((c = getopt(npa->npa_argc, npa->npa_argv, ":Cacdn")) != -1) {
		switch (c) {
		case 'C':
			npa->npa_cmdflags |= NVMEADM_O_ID_COMMON_NS;
			break;

		case 'a':
			npa->npa_cmdflags |= NVMEADM_O_ID_ALLOC_NS;
			break;

		case 'c':
			npa->npa_cmdflags |= NVMEADM_O_ID_CTRL_LIST;
			break;

		case 'd':
			npa->npa_cmdflags |= NVMEADM_O_ID_DESC_LIST;
			break;

		case 'n':
			npa->npa_cmdflags |= NVMEADM_O_ID_NSID_LIST;
			break;

		case '?':
			errx(-1, "unknown option: -%c", optopt);

		case ':':
			errx(-1, "option -%c requires an argument", optopt);

		}
	}

	if ((npa->npa_cmdflags & NVMEADM_O_ID_ALLOC_NS) != 0 &&
	    (npa->npa_cmdflags &
	    ~(NVMEADM_O_ID_ALLOC_NS | NVMEADM_O_ID_NSID_LIST)) != 0) {
		errx(-1, "-a can only be used alone or together with -n");
	}

	if ((npa->npa_cmdflags & NVMEADM_O_ID_COMMON_NS) != 0 &&
	    npa->npa_cmdflags != NVMEADM_O_ID_COMMON_NS) {
		errx(-1, "-C cannot be combined with other flags");

	}

	if ((npa->npa_cmdflags & NVMEADM_O_ID_CTRL_LIST) != 0 &&
	    npa->npa_cmdflags != NVMEADM_O_ID_CTRL_LIST) {
		errx(-1, "-c cannot be combined with other flags");
	}

	if ((npa->npa_cmdflags & NVMEADM_O_ID_DESC_LIST) != 0 &&
	    npa->npa_cmdflags != NVMEADM_O_ID_DESC_LIST) {
		errx(-1, "-d cannot be combined with other flags");
	}

	npa->npa_argc -= optind;
	npa->npa_argv += optind;
}

static void
usage_identify(const char *c_name)
{
	(void) fprintf(stderr,
	    "%s [ -C | -c | -d | [-a] -n ] <ctl>[/<ns>][,...]\n\n"
	    "  Print detailed information about the specified NVMe "
	    "controllers and/or name-\n  spaces.\n", c_name);
}

static int
do_identify(int fd, const nvme_process_arg_t *npa)
{
	if (npa->npa_isns) {
		if ((npa->npa_cmdflags & NVMEADM_O_ID_COMMON_NS) != 0)
			errx(-1, "-C cannot be used on namespaces");

		if ((npa->npa_cmdflags & NVMEADM_O_ID_ALLOC_NS) != 0)
			errx(-1, "-a cannot be used on namespaces");

		if ((npa->npa_cmdflags & NVMEADM_O_ID_NSID_LIST) != 0)
			errx(-1, "-n cannot be used on namespaces");

		return (do_identify_ns(fd, npa));
	} else {
		if ((npa->npa_cmdflags & NVMEADM_O_ID_DESC_LIST) != 0)
			errx(-1, "-d cannot be used on controllers");

		return (do_identify_ctrl(fd, npa));
	}
}

static void
usage_get_logpage(const char *c_name)
{
	(void) fprintf(stderr, "%s <ctl>[/<ns>][,...] <logpage>\n\n"
	    "  Print the specified log page of the specified NVMe "
	    "controllers and/or name-\n  spaces. Supported log pages "
	    "are error, health, and firmware.\n", c_name);
}

static void
usage_firmware_list(const char *c_name)
{
	(void) fprintf(stderr, "%s <ctl>\n\n"
	    "  Print the log page that contains the list of firmware "
	    "images installed on the specified NVMe controller.\n", c_name);
}

static int
do_get_logpage_error(int fd, const nvme_process_arg_t *npa)
{
	int nlog = npa->npa_idctl->id_elpe + 1;
	size_t bufsize = sizeof (nvme_error_log_entry_t) * nlog;
	nvme_error_log_entry_t *elog;

	if (npa->npa_isns)
		errx(-1, "Error Log not available on a per-namespace basis");

	elog = nvme_get_logpage(fd, NVME_LOGPAGE_ERROR, &bufsize);

	if (elog == NULL)
		return (-1);

	nlog = bufsize / sizeof (nvme_error_log_entry_t);

	(void) printf("%s: ", npa->npa_name);
	nvme_print_error_log(nlog, elog, npa->npa_version);

	free(elog);

	return (0);
}

static int
do_get_logpage_health(int fd, const nvme_process_arg_t *npa)
{
	size_t bufsize = sizeof (nvme_health_log_t);
	nvme_health_log_t *hlog;

	if (npa->npa_isns) {
		if (npa->npa_idctl->id_lpa.lp_smart == 0)
			errx(-1, "SMART/Health information not available "
			    "on a per-namespace basis on this controller");
	}

	hlog = nvme_get_logpage(fd, NVME_LOGPAGE_HEALTH, &bufsize);

	if (hlog == NULL)
		return (-1);

	(void) printf("%s: ", npa->npa_name);
	nvme_print_health_log(hlog, npa->npa_idctl, npa->npa_version);

	free(hlog);

	return (0);
}

static int
do_get_logpage_fwslot(int fd, const nvme_process_arg_t *npa)
{
	size_t bufsize = sizeof (nvme_fwslot_log_t);
	nvme_fwslot_log_t *fwlog;

	if (npa->npa_isns)
		errx(-1, "Firmware Slot information not available on a "
		    "per-namespace basis");

	fwlog = nvme_get_logpage(fd, NVME_LOGPAGE_FWSLOT, &bufsize);

	if (fwlog == NULL)
		return (-1);

	(void) printf("%s: ", npa->npa_name);
	nvme_print_fwslot_log(fwlog, npa->npa_idctl);

	free(fwlog);

	return (0);
}

static int
do_get_logpage(int fd, const nvme_process_arg_t *npa)
{
	int ret = 0;
	int (*func)(int, const nvme_process_arg_t *);

	if (npa->npa_argc < 1) {
		warnx("missing logpage name");
		usage(npa->npa_cmd);
		exit(-1);
	}

	if (strcmp(npa->npa_argv[0], "error") == 0)
		func = do_get_logpage_error;
	else if (strcmp(npa->npa_argv[0], "health") == 0)
		func = do_get_logpage_health;
	else if (strcmp(npa->npa_argv[0], "firmware") == 0)
		func = do_get_logpage_fwslot;
	else
		errx(-1, "invalid log page: %s", npa->npa_argv[0]);

	if (npa->npa_isns &&
	    (npa->npa_ns_state & NVME_NS_STATE_ACTIVE) == 0)
		errx(-1, "cannot get logpage: namespace is inactive");

	ret = func(fd, npa);
	return (ret);
}

static void
usage_get_features(const char *c_name)
{
	const nvme_feature_t *feat;

	(void) fprintf(stderr, "%s <ctl>[/<ns>][,...] [<feature>[,...]]\n\n"
	    "  Print the specified features of the specified NVMe controllers "
	    "and/or\n  namespaces. Supported features are:\n\n", c_name);
	(void) fprintf(stderr, "    %-35s %-14s %s\n",
	    "FEATURE NAME", "SHORT NAME", "CONTROLLER/NAMESPACE");
	for (feat = &features[0]; feat->f_feature != 0; feat++) {
		char *type;

		if ((feat->f_getflags & NVMEADM_F_BOTH) == NVMEADM_F_BOTH)
			type = "both";
		else if ((feat->f_getflags & NVMEADM_F_CTRL) != 0)
			type = "controller only";
		else
			type = "namespace only";

		(void) fprintf(stderr, "    %-35s %-14s %s\n",
		    feat->f_name, feat->f_short, type);
	}

}

static int
do_get_feat_common(int fd, const nvme_feature_t *feat,
    const nvme_process_arg_t *npa)
{
	void *buf = NULL;
	size_t bufsize = feat->f_bufsize;
	uint64_t res;

	if (nvme_get_feature(fd, feat->f_feature, 0, &res, &bufsize, &buf)
	    == B_FALSE)
		return (EINVAL);

	nvme_print(2, feat->f_name, -1, NULL);
	feat->f_print(res, buf, bufsize, npa->npa_idctl, npa->npa_version);
	free(buf);

	return (0);
}

static int
do_get_feat_temp_thresh_one(int fd, const nvme_feature_t *feat,
    const char *label, uint16_t tmpsel, uint16_t thsel,
    const nvme_process_arg_t *npa)
{
	uint64_t res;
	void *buf = NULL;
	size_t bufsize = feat->f_bufsize;
	nvme_temp_threshold_t tt;

	tt.r = 0;
	tt.b.tt_tmpsel = tmpsel;
	tt.b.tt_thsel = thsel;

	if (!nvme_get_feature(fd, feat->f_feature, tt.r, &res, &bufsize,
	    &buf)) {
		return (EINVAL);
	}

	feat->f_print(res, (void *)label, 0, npa->npa_idctl, npa->npa_version);
	free(buf);
	return (0);
}

/*
 * In NVMe 1.2, the specification allowed for up to 8 sensors to be on the
 * device and changed the main device to have a composite temperature sensor. As
 * a result, there is a set of thresholds for each sensor. In addition, they
 * added both an over-temperature and under-temperature threshold. Since most
 * devices don't actually implement all the sensors, we get the health page and
 * see which sensors have a non-zero value to determine how to proceed.
 */
static int
do_get_feat_temp_thresh(int fd, const nvme_feature_t *feat,
    const nvme_process_arg_t *npa)
{
	int ret;
	size_t bufsize = sizeof (nvme_health_log_t);
	nvme_health_log_t *hlog;

	nvme_print(2, feat->f_name, -1, NULL);
	if ((ret = do_get_feat_temp_thresh_one(fd, feat,
	    "Composite Over Temp. Threshold", 0, NVME_TEMP_THRESH_OVER,
	    npa)) != 0) {
		return (ret);
	}

	if (!nvme_version_check(npa->npa_version, 1, 2)) {
		return (0);
	}

	if ((ret = do_get_feat_temp_thresh_one(fd, feat,
	    "Composite Under Temp. Threshold", 0, NVME_TEMP_THRESH_UNDER,
	    npa)) != 0) {
		return (ret);
	}

	hlog = nvme_get_logpage(fd, NVME_LOGPAGE_HEALTH, &bufsize);
	if (hlog == NULL) {
		warnx("failed to get health log page, unable to get "
		    "thresholds for additional sensors");
		return (0);
	}

	if (hlog->hl_temp_sensor_1 != 0) {
		(void) do_get_feat_temp_thresh_one(fd, feat,
		    "Temp. Sensor 1 Over Temp. Threshold", 1,
		    NVME_TEMP_THRESH_OVER, npa);
		(void) do_get_feat_temp_thresh_one(fd, feat,
		    "Temp. Sensor 1 Under Temp. Threshold", 1,
		    NVME_TEMP_THRESH_UNDER, npa);
	}

	if (hlog->hl_temp_sensor_2 != 0) {
		(void) do_get_feat_temp_thresh_one(fd, feat,
		    "Temp. Sensor 2 Over Temp. Threshold", 2,
		    NVME_TEMP_THRESH_OVER, npa);
		(void) do_get_feat_temp_thresh_one(fd, feat,
		    "Temp. Sensor 2 Under Temp. Threshold", 2,
		    NVME_TEMP_THRESH_UNDER, npa);
	}

	if (hlog->hl_temp_sensor_3 != 0) {
		(void) do_get_feat_temp_thresh_one(fd, feat,
		    "Temp. Sensor 3 Over Temp. Threshold", 3,
		    NVME_TEMP_THRESH_OVER, npa);
		(void) do_get_feat_temp_thresh_one(fd, feat,
		    "Temp. Sensor 3 Under Temp. Threshold", 3,
		    NVME_TEMP_THRESH_UNDER, npa);
	}

	if (hlog->hl_temp_sensor_4 != 0) {
		(void) do_get_feat_temp_thresh_one(fd, feat,
		    "Temp. Sensor 4 Over Temp. Threshold", 4,
		    NVME_TEMP_THRESH_OVER, npa);
		(void) do_get_feat_temp_thresh_one(fd, feat,
		    "Temp. Sensor 4 Under Temp. Threshold", 4,
		    NVME_TEMP_THRESH_UNDER, npa);
	}

	if (hlog->hl_temp_sensor_5 != 0) {
		(void) do_get_feat_temp_thresh_one(fd, feat,
		    "Temp. Sensor 5 Over Temp. Threshold", 5,
		    NVME_TEMP_THRESH_OVER, npa);
		(void) do_get_feat_temp_thresh_one(fd, feat,
		    "Temp. Sensor 5 Under Temp. Threshold", 5,
		    NVME_TEMP_THRESH_UNDER, npa);
	}

	if (hlog->hl_temp_sensor_6 != 0) {
		(void) do_get_feat_temp_thresh_one(fd, feat,
		    "Temp. Sensor 6 Over Temp. Threshold", 6,
		    NVME_TEMP_THRESH_OVER, npa);
		(void) do_get_feat_temp_thresh_one(fd, feat,
		    "Temp. Sensor 6 Under Temp. Threshold", 6,
		    NVME_TEMP_THRESH_UNDER, npa);
	}

	if (hlog->hl_temp_sensor_7 != 0) {
		(void) do_get_feat_temp_thresh_one(fd, feat,
		    "Temp. Sensor 7 Over Temp. Threshold", 7,
		    NVME_TEMP_THRESH_OVER, npa);
		(void) do_get_feat_temp_thresh_one(fd, feat,
		    "Temp. Sensor 7 Under Temp. Threshold", 7,
		    NVME_TEMP_THRESH_UNDER, npa);
	}

	if (hlog->hl_temp_sensor_8 != 0) {
		(void) do_get_feat_temp_thresh_one(fd, feat,
		    "Temp. Sensor 8 Over Temp. Threshold", 8,
		    NVME_TEMP_THRESH_OVER, npa);
		(void) do_get_feat_temp_thresh_one(fd, feat,
		    "Temp. Sensor 8 Under Temp. Threshold", 8,
		    NVME_TEMP_THRESH_UNDER, npa);
	}
	free(hlog);
	return (0);
}

static int
do_get_feat_intr_vect(int fd, const nvme_feature_t *feat,
    const nvme_process_arg_t *npa)
{
	uint64_t res;
	uint64_t arg;
	int intr_cnt;

	intr_cnt = nvme_intr_cnt(fd);

	if (intr_cnt == -1)
		return (EINVAL);

	nvme_print(2, feat->f_name, -1, NULL);

	for (arg = 0; arg < intr_cnt; arg++) {
		if (nvme_get_feature(fd, feat->f_feature, arg, &res, NULL, NULL)
		    == B_FALSE)
			return (EINVAL);

		feat->f_print(res, NULL, 0, npa->npa_idctl, npa->npa_version);
	}

	return (0);
}

static int
do_get_features(int fd, const nvme_process_arg_t *npa)
{
	const nvme_feature_t *feat;
	char *f, *flist, *lasts;
	boolean_t header_printed = B_FALSE;

	if (npa->npa_argc > 1)
		errx(-1, "unexpected arguments");

	if (npa->npa_isns &&
	    (npa->npa_ns_state & NVME_NS_STATE_ACTIVE) == 0)
		errx(-1, "cannot get feature: namespace is inactive");

	/*
	 * No feature list given, print all supported features.
	 */
	if (npa->npa_argc == 0) {
		(void) printf("%s: Get Features\n", npa->npa_name);
		for (feat = &features[0]; feat->f_feature != 0; feat++) {
			if ((npa->npa_isns &&
			    (feat->f_getflags & NVMEADM_F_NS) == 0) ||
			    (!npa->npa_isns &&
			    (feat->f_getflags & NVMEADM_F_CTRL) == 0))
				continue;

			(void) feat->f_get(fd, feat, npa);
		}

		return (0);
	}

	/*
	 * Process feature list.
	 */
	flist = strdup(npa->npa_argv[0]);
	if (flist == NULL)
		err(-1, "do_get_features");

	for (f = strtok_r(flist, ",", &lasts);
	    f != NULL;
	    f = strtok_r(NULL, ",", &lasts)) {
		while (isspace(*f))
			f++;

		for (feat = &features[0]; feat->f_feature != 0; feat++) {
			if (strncasecmp(feat->f_name, f, strlen(f)) == 0 ||
			    strncasecmp(feat->f_short, f, strlen(f)) == 0)
				break;
		}

		if (feat->f_feature == 0) {
			warnx("unknown feature %s", f);
			continue;
		}

		if ((npa->npa_isns &&
		    (feat->f_getflags & NVMEADM_F_NS) == 0) ||
		    (!npa->npa_isns &&
		    (feat->f_getflags & NVMEADM_F_CTRL) == 0)) {
			warnx("feature %s %s supported for namespaces",
			    feat->f_name,
			    (feat->f_getflags & NVMEADM_F_NS) != 0 ?
			    "only" : "not");
			continue;
		}

		if (!header_printed) {
			(void) printf("%s: Get Features\n", npa->npa_name);
			header_printed = B_TRUE;
		}

		if (feat->f_get(fd, feat, npa) != 0) {
			warnx("unsupported feature: %s", feat->f_name);
			continue;
		}
	}

	free(flist);
	return (0);
}

static int
do_format_common(int fd, const nvme_process_arg_t *npa, unsigned long lbaf,
    unsigned long ses)
{
	nvme_process_arg_t ns_npa = { 0 };
	nvmeadm_cmd_t cmd = { 0 };

	if (npa->npa_isns &&
	    (npa->npa_ns_state & NVME_NS_STATE_ACTIVE) == 0) {
		errx(-1, "cannot %s: namespace is inactive",
		    npa->npa_cmd->c_name);
	}

	cmd = *(npa->npa_cmd);
	cmd.c_func = do_attach_detach;
	cmd.c_name = "detach";
	ns_npa = *npa;
	ns_npa.npa_cmd = &cmd;

	if (do_attach_detach(fd, &ns_npa) != 0)
		return (exitcode);
	if (nvme_format_nvm(fd, lbaf, ses) == B_FALSE) {
		warn("%s failed", npa->npa_cmd->c_name);
		exitcode += -1;
	}
	cmd.c_name = "attach";
	exitcode += do_attach_detach(fd, &ns_npa);

	return (exitcode);
}

static void
usage_format(const char *c_name)
{
	(void) fprintf(stderr, "%s <ctl>[/<ns>] [<lba-format>]\n\n"
	    "  Format one or all namespaces of the specified NVMe "
	    "controller. Supported LBA\n  formats can be queried with "
	    "the \"%s identify\" command on the namespace\n  to be "
	    "formatted.\n", c_name, getprogname());
}

static int
do_format(int fd, const nvme_process_arg_t *npa)
{
	unsigned long lbaf;

	if (npa->npa_idctl->id_oacs.oa_format == 0)
		errx(-1, "%s not supported", npa->npa_cmd->c_name);

	if (npa->npa_isns && npa->npa_idctl->id_fna.fn_format != 0)
		errx(-1, "%s not supported on individual namespace",
		    npa->npa_cmd->c_name);


	if (npa->npa_argc > 0) {
		errno = 0;
		lbaf = strtoul(npa->npa_argv[0], NULL, 10);

		if (errno != 0 || lbaf > NVME_FRMT_MAX_LBAF)
			errx(-1, "invalid LBA format %d", lbaf + 1);

		if (npa->npa_idns->id_lbaf[lbaf].lbaf_ms != 0)
			errx(-1, "LBA formats with metadata not supported");
	} else {
		lbaf = npa->npa_idns->id_flbas.lba_format;
	}

	return (do_format_common(fd, npa, lbaf, 0));
}

static void
usage_secure_erase(const char *c_name)
{
	(void) fprintf(stderr, "%s [-c] <ctl>[/<ns>]\n\n"
	    "  Secure-Erase one or all namespaces of the specified "
	    "NVMe controller.\n", c_name);
}

static void
optparse_secure_erase(nvme_process_arg_t *npa)
{
	int c;

	optind = 0;
	while ((c = getopt(npa->npa_argc, npa->npa_argv, ":c")) != -1) {
		switch (c) {
		case 'c':
			npa->npa_cmdflags |= NVMEADM_O_SE_CRYPTO;
			break;

		case '?':
			errx(-1, "unknown option: -%c", optopt);

		case ':':
			errx(-1, "option -%c requires an argument", optopt);

		}
	}

	npa->npa_argc -= optind;
	npa->npa_argv += optind;
}

static int
do_secure_erase(int fd, const nvme_process_arg_t *npa)
{
	unsigned long lbaf;
	uint8_t ses = NVME_FRMT_SES_USER;

	if (npa->npa_argc > 0)
		errx(-1, "Too many arguments");

	if (npa->npa_idctl->id_oacs.oa_format == 0)
		errx(-1, "%s not supported", npa->npa_cmd->c_name);

	if (npa->npa_isns && npa->npa_idctl->id_fna.fn_sec_erase != 0)
		errx(-1, "%s not supported on individual namespace",
		    npa->npa_cmd->c_name);

	if ((npa->npa_cmdflags & NVMEADM_O_SE_CRYPTO) != 0)
		ses = NVME_FRMT_SES_CRYPTO;

	if (ses == NVME_FRMT_SES_CRYPTO &&
	    npa->npa_idctl->id_fna.fn_crypt_erase == 0)
		errx(-1, "cryptographic %s not supported",
		    npa->npa_cmd->c_name);

	lbaf = npa->npa_idns->id_flbas.lba_format;

	return (do_format_common(fd, npa, lbaf, ses));
}

static void
usage_attach_detach(const char *c_name)
{
	(void) fprintf(stderr, "%s <ctl>[/<ns>]\n\n"
	    "  %c%s blkdev(4D) %s one or all namespaces of the "
	    "specified NVMe controller.\n",
	    c_name, toupper(c_name[0]), &c_name[1],
	    c_name[0] == 'd' ? "from" : "to");
}

static int
do_attach_detach(int fd, const nvme_process_arg_t *npa)
{
	char *c_name = npa->npa_cmd->c_name;

	if (!npa->npa_isns) {
		nvme_process_arg_t ns_npa = { 0 };

		ns_npa.npa_name = npa->npa_name;
		ns_npa.npa_isns = B_TRUE;
		ns_npa.npa_cmd = npa->npa_cmd;
		ns_npa.npa_excl = npa->npa_excl;

		nvme_walk(&ns_npa, npa->npa_node);

		return (exitcode);
	}

	/*
	 * Unless the user interactively requested a particular namespace to be
	 * attached or detached, don't even try to attach or detach namespaces
	 * that are ignored by the driver, thereby avoiding printing pointless
	 * error messages.
	 */
	if (!npa->npa_interactive &&
	    (npa->npa_ns_state & NVME_NS_STATE_IGNORED))
		return (0);

	if ((c_name[0] == 'd' ? nvme_detach : nvme_attach)(fd)
	    == B_FALSE) {
		warn("%s failed", c_name);
		return (-1);
	}

	return (0);
}

static void
usage_firmware_load(const char *c_name)
{
	(void) fprintf(stderr, "%s <ctl> <image file> [<offset>]\n\n"
	    "  Load firmware <image file> to offset <offset>.\n"
	    "  The firmware needs to be committed to a slot using "
	    "\"nvmeadm commit-firmware\"\n  command.\n", c_name);
}

/*
 * Read exactly len bytes, or until eof.
 */
static ssize_t
read_block(int fd, char *buf, size_t len)
{
	size_t remain;
	ssize_t bytes;

	remain = len;
	while (remain > 0) {
		bytes = read(fd, buf, remain);
		if (bytes == 0)
			break;

		if (bytes < 0) {
			if (errno == EINTR)
				continue;

			return (-1);
		}

		buf += bytes;
		remain -= bytes;
	}

	return (len - remain);
}

/*
 * Convert a string to a valid firmware upload offset (in bytes).
 */
static offset_t
get_fw_offsetb(char *str)
{
	longlong_t offsetb;
	char *valend;

	errno = 0;
	offsetb = strtoll(str, &valend, 0);
	if (errno != 0 || *valend != '\0' || offsetb < 0 ||
	    offsetb > NVME_FW_OFFSETB_MAX)
		errx(-1, "Offset must be numeric and in the range of 0 to %llu",
		    NVME_FW_OFFSETB_MAX);

	if ((offsetb & NVME_DWORD_MASK) != 0)
		errx(-1, "Offset must be multiple of %d", NVME_DWORD_SIZE);

	return ((offset_t)offsetb);
}

#define	FIRMWARE_READ_BLKSIZE	(64 * 1024)		/* 64K */

static int
do_firmware_load(int fd, const nvme_process_arg_t *npa)
{
	int fw_fd;
	ssize_t len;
	offset_t offset = 0;
	size_t size;
	uint16_t sc;
	char buf[FIRMWARE_READ_BLKSIZE];

	if (npa->npa_argc > 2)
		errx(-1, "Too many arguments");

	if (npa->npa_argc == 0)
		errx(-1, "Requires firmware file name, and an "
		    "optional offset");

	if (npa->npa_isns)
		errx(-1, "Firmware loading not available on a per-namespace "
		    "basis");

	if (npa->npa_argc == 2)
		offset = get_fw_offsetb(npa->npa_argv[1]);

	fw_fd = open(npa->npa_argv[0], O_RDONLY);
	if (fw_fd < 0)
		errx(-1, "Failed to open \"%s\": %s", npa->npa_argv[0],
		    strerror(errno));

	size = 0;
	do {
		len = read_block(fw_fd, buf, sizeof (buf));

		if (len < 0)
			errx(-1, "Error reading \"%s\": %s", npa->npa_argv[0],
			    strerror(errno));

		if (len == 0)
			break;

		if (!nvme_firmware_load(fd, buf, len, offset, &sc))
			errx(-1, "Error loading \"%s\": %s", npa->npa_argv[0],
			    nvme_fw_error(errno, sc));

		offset += len;
		size += len;
	} while (len == sizeof (buf));

	(void) close(fw_fd);

	if (verbose)
		(void) printf("%zu bytes downloaded.\n", size);

	return (0);
}

/*
 * Convert str to a valid firmware slot number.
 */
static uint_t
get_slot_number(char *str)
{
	longlong_t slot;
	char *valend;

	errno = 0;
	slot = strtoll(str, &valend, 0);
	if (errno != 0 || *valend != '\0' ||
	    slot < NVME_FW_SLOT_MIN || slot > NVME_FW_SLOT_MAX)
		errx(-1, "Slot must be numeric and in the range of %d to %d",
		    NVME_FW_SLOT_MIN, NVME_FW_SLOT_MAX);

	return ((uint_t)slot);
}

static void
usage_firmware_commit(const char *c_name)
{
	(void) fprintf(stderr, "%s <ctl> <slot>\n\n"
	    "  Commit previously downloaded firmware to slot <slot>.\n"
	    "  The firmware is only activated after a "
	    "\"nvmeadm activate-firmware\" command.\n", c_name);
}

static int
do_firmware_commit(int fd, const nvme_process_arg_t *npa)
{
	uint_t slot;
	uint16_t sc;

	if (npa->npa_argc > 1)
		errx(-1, "Too many arguments");

	if (npa->npa_argc == 0)
		errx(-1, "Firmware slot number is required");

	if (npa->npa_isns)
		errx(-1, "Firmware committing not available on a per-namespace "
		    "basis");

	slot = get_slot_number(npa->npa_argv[0]);

	if (slot == 1 && npa->npa_idctl->id_frmw.fw_readonly)
		errx(-1, "Cannot commit firmware to slot 1: slot is read-only");

	if (!nvme_firmware_commit(fd, slot, NVME_FWC_SAVE, &sc))
		errx(-1, "Failed to commit firmware to slot %u: %s",
		    slot, nvme_fw_error(errno, sc));

	if (verbose)
		(void) printf("Firmware committed to slot %u.\n", slot);

	return (0);
}

static void
usage_firmware_activate(const char *c_name)
{
	(void) fprintf(stderr, "%s <ctl> <slot>\n\n"
	    "  Activate firmware in slot <slot>.\n"
	    "  The firmware will be in use after the next system reset.\n",
	    c_name);
}

static int
do_firmware_activate(int fd, const nvme_process_arg_t *npa)
{
	uint_t slot;
	uint16_t sc;

	if (npa->npa_argc > 1)
		errx(-1, "Too many arguments");

	if (npa->npa_argc == 0)
		errx(-1, "Firmware slot number is required");

	if (npa->npa_isns)
		errx(-1, "Firmware activation not available on a per-namespace "
		    "basis");

	slot = get_slot_number(npa->npa_argv[0]);

	if (!nvme_firmware_commit(fd, slot, NVME_FWC_ACTIVATE, &sc))
		errx(-1, "Failed to activate slot %u: %s", slot,
		    nvme_fw_error(errno, sc));

	if (verbose)
		printf("Slot %u activated: %s.\n", slot,
		    nvme_fw_error(errno, sc));

	return (0);
}

/*
 * While the NVME_VERSION_ATLEAST macro exists, specifying a version of 1.0
 * causes GCC to helpfully flag the -Wtype-limits warning because a uint_t is
 * always >= 0. In many cases it's useful to always indicate what version
 * something was added in to simplify code (e.g. nvmeadm_print_bit) and we'd
 * rather just say it's version 1.0 rather than making folks realize that a
 * hardcoded true is equivalent. Therefore we have this function which can't
 * trigger this warning today (and adds a minor amount of type safety). If GCC
 * or clang get smart enough to see through this, then we'll have to just
 * disable the warning for the single minor comparison (and reformat this a bit
 * to minimize the impact).
 */
boolean_t
nvme_version_check(nvme_version_t *vers, uint_t major, uint_t minor)
{
	if (vers->v_major > major) {
		return (B_TRUE);
	}

	return (vers->v_major == major && vers->v_minor >= minor);
}