1.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1991, 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 6.\" are met: 7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 11.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 12.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 13.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 14.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 15.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 16.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 17.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 18.\" without specific prior written permission. 19.\" 20.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 21.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 22.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 23.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 24.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 25.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 26.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 27.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 28.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 29.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 30.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 31.\" 32.\" @(#)vipw.8 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93 33.\" $FreeBSD$ 34.\" 35.Dd June 6, 1993 36.Dt VIPW 8 37.Os 38.Sh NAME 39.Nm vipw 40.Nd edit the password file 41.Sh SYNOPSIS 42.Nm 43.Op Fl d Ar directory 44.Sh DESCRIPTION 45The 46.Nm 47utility edits the password file after setting the appropriate locks, 48and does any necessary processing after the password file is unlocked. 49If the password file is already locked for editing by another user, 50.Nm 51will ask you 52to try again later. 53The default editor for 54.Nm 55is 56.Xr vi 1 . 57.Pp 58When run without options, 59.Nm 60will work with the password files in 61.Pa /etc . 62The 63.Fl d 64option may be used to specify an alternative 65.Ar directory 66to work with. 67.Pp 68The 69.Nm 70utility performs a number of consistency checks on the password entries, 71and will not allow a password file with a 72.Dq mangled 73entry to be 74installed. 75If 76.Nm 77rejects the new password file, the user is prompted to re-enter 78the edit session. 79.Pp 80Once the information has been verified, 81.Nm 82uses 83.Xr pwd_mkdb 8 84to update the user database. 85This is run in the background, and, 86at very large sites could take several minutes. 87Until this update 88is completed, the password file is unavailable for other updates 89and the new information is not available to programs. 90.Sh ENVIRONMENT 91If the following environment variable exists it will be utilized by 92.Nm : 93.Bl -tag -width PW_SCAN_BIG_IDS 94.It Ev EDITOR 95The editor specified by the string 96.Ev EDITOR 97will be invoked instead of the default editor 98.Xr vi 1 . 99.It Ev PW_SCAN_BIG_IDS 100See 101.Xr pwd_mkdb 8 . 102.El 103.Sh SEE ALSO 104.Xr chpass 1 , 105.Xr passwd 1 , 106.Xr passwd 5 , 107.Xr adduser 8 , 108.Xr pwd_mkdb 8 109.Sh HISTORY 110The 111.Nm 112utility appeared in 113.Bx 4.0 . 114