1.\" 2.\" Copyright (c) 1994 Christopher G. Demetriou 3.\" All rights reserved. 4.\" 5.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 6.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 7.\" are met: 8.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 9.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 10.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 11.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 12.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 13.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 14.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 15.\" This product includes software developed by Christopher G. Demetriou. 16.\" 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products 17.\" derived from this software without specific prior written permission 18.\" 19.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 20.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES 21.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. 22.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, 23.\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT 24.\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, 25.\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY 26.\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT 27.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF 28.\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 29.\" 30.\" $FreeBSD$ 31.\" 32.Dd February 25, 1994 33.Dt SA 8 34.Os 35.Sh NAME 36.Nm sa 37.Nd print system accounting statistics 38.Sh SYNOPSIS 39.Nm 40.Op Fl abcdDfijkKlmnqrstu 41.Op Fl v Ar cutoff 42.Op Ar 43.Sh DESCRIPTION 44The 45.Nm 46utility reports on, cleans up, 47and generally maintains system 48accounting files. 49.Pp 50The 51.Nm 52utility is able to condense the information in 53.Pa /var/account/acct 54into the summary files 55.Pa /var/account/savacct 56and 57.Pa /var/account/usracct , 58which contain system statistics according 59to command name and login id, respectively. 60This condensation is desirable because on a 61large system, 62.Pa /var/account/acct 63can grow by hundreds of blocks per day. 64The summary files are normally read before 65the accounting file, so that reports include 66all available information. 67.Pp 68If file names are supplied, they are read instead of 69.Pa /var/account/acct . 70After each file is read, if the summary 71files are being updated, an updated summary will 72be saved to disk. 73Only one report is printed, 74after the last file is processed. 75.Pp 76The labels used in the output indicate the following, except 77where otherwise specified by individual options: 78.Bl -tag -width k*sec 79.It Dv avio 80Average number of I/O operations per execution 81.It Dv cp 82Sum of user and system time, in minutes 83.It Dv cpu 84Same as 85.Dv cp 86.It Dv k 87CPU-time averaged core usage, in 1k units 88.It Dv k*sec 89CPU storage integral, in 1k-core seconds 90.It Dv re 91Real time, in minutes 92.It Dv s 93System time, in minutes 94.It Dv tio 95Total number of I/O operations 96.It Dv u 97User time, in minutes 98.El 99.Pp 100The options to 101.Nm 102are: 103.Bl -tag -width Ds 104.It Fl a 105List all command names, including those containing unprintable 106characters and those used only once. 107By default, 108.Nm 109places all names containing unprintable characters and 110those used only once under the name ``***other''. 111.It Fl b 112If printing command statistics, sort output by the sum of user and system 113time divided by number of calls. 114.It Fl c 115In addition to the number of calls and the user, system and real times 116for each command, print their percentage of the total over all commands. 117.It Fl d 118If printing command statistics, sort by the average number of disk 119I/O operations. 120If printing user statistics, print the average number of 121disk I/O operations per user. 122.It Fl D 123If printing command statistics, sort and print by the total number 124of disk I/O operations. 125.It Fl f 126Force no interactive threshold comparison with the 127.Fl v 128option. 129.It Fl i 130Do not read in the summary files. 131.It Fl j 132Instead of the total minutes per category, give seconds per call. 133.It Fl k 134If printing command statistics, sort by the cpu-time average memory 135usage. 136If printing user statistics, print the cpu-time average 137memory usage. 138.It Fl K 139If printing command statistics, print and sort by the cpu-storage integral. 140.It Fl l 141Separate system and user time; normally they are combined. 142.It Fl m 143Print per-user statistics rather than per-command statistics. 144.It Fl n 145Sort by number of calls. 146.It Fl q 147Create no output other than error messages. 148.It Fl r 149Reverse order of sort. 150.It Fl s 151Truncate the accounting files when done and merge their data 152into the summary files. 153.It Fl t 154For each command, report the ratio of real time to the sum 155of user and system cpu times. 156If the cpu time is too small to report, ``*ignore*'' appears in 157this field. 158.It Fl u 159Superseding all other flags, for each entry 160in the accounting file, print the user ID, total seconds of cpu usage, 161total memory usage, number of I/O operations performed, and 162command name. 163.It Fl v Ar cutoff 164For each command used 165.Ar cutoff 166times or fewer, print the command name and await a reply 167from the terminal. 168If the reply begins with ``y'', add 169the command to the category ``**junk**''. 170This flag is 171used to strip garbage from the report. 172.El 173.Pp 174By default, per-command statistics will be printed. 175The number of 176calls, the total elapsed time in minutes, total cpu and user time 177in minutes, average number of I/O operations, and CPU-time 178averaged core usage will be printed. 179If the 180.Fl m 181option is specified, per-user statistics will be printed, including 182the user name, the number of commands invoked, total cpu time used 183(in minutes), total number of I/O operations, and CPU storage integral 184for each user. 185If the 186.Fl u 187option is specified, the uid, user and system time (in seconds), 188CPU storage integral, I/O usage, and command name will be printed 189for each entry in the accounting data file. 190.Pp 191If the 192.Fl u 193flag is specified, all flags other than 194.Fl q 195are ignored. 196If the 197.Fl m 198flag is specified, only the 199.Fl b , 200.Fl d , 201.Fl i , 202.Fl k , 203.Fl q , 204and 205.Fl s 206flags are honored. 207.Sh DIAGNOSTICS 208.Ex -std 209.Sh FILES 210.Bl -tag -width /var/account/usracct -compact 211.It Pa /var/account/acct 212raw accounting data file 213.It Pa /var/account/savacct 214per-command accounting summary database 215.It Pa /var/account/usracct 216per-user accounting summary database 217.El 218.Sh SEE ALSO 219.Xr lastcomm 1 , 220.Xr acct 5 , 221.Xr ac 8 , 222.Xr accton 8 223.Sh BUGS 224The number of options to this program is absurd, especially considering 225that there's not much logic behind their lettering. 226.Pp 227The field labels should be more consistent. 228.Pp 229The VM system does not record the CPU storage integral. 230.Sh CAVEATS 231While the behavior of the options in this version of 232.Nm 233was modeled after the original version, there are some intentional 234differences and undoubtedly some unintentional ones as well. 235In 236particular, the 237.Fl q 238option has been added, and the 239.Fl m 240option now understands more options than it used to. 241.Pp 242The formats of the summary files created by this version of 243.Nm 244are very different from the those used by the original version. 245This is not considered a problem, however, because the accounting record 246format has changed as well (since user ids are now 32 bits). 247.Sh AUTHORS 248.An Chris G. Demetriou Aq cgd@postgres.berkeley.edu 249