xref: /freebsd/usr.sbin/pw/pw_user.c (revision 657729a89dd578d8cfc70d6616f5c65a48a8b33a)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause-FreeBSD
3  *
4  * Copyright (C) 1996
5  *	David L. Nugent.  All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9  * are met:
10  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15  *
16  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY DAVID L. NUGENT AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
17  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
18  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
19  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL DAVID L. NUGENT OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
20  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
21  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
22  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
23  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
24  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
25  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
26  * SUCH DAMAGE.
27  *
28  */
29 
30 #ifndef lint
31 static const char rcsid[] =
32   "$FreeBSD$";
33 #endif /* not lint */
34 
35 #include <sys/param.h>
36 #include <sys/types.h>
37 
38 #include <assert.h>
39 #include <ctype.h>
40 #include <dirent.h>
41 #include <err.h>
42 #include <errno.h>
43 #include <fcntl.h>
44 #include <grp.h>
45 #include <pwd.h>
46 #include <libutil.h>
47 #include <login_cap.h>
48 #include <paths.h>
49 #include <string.h>
50 #include <sysexits.h>
51 #include <termios.h>
52 #include <unistd.h>
53 
54 #include "pw.h"
55 #include "bitmap.h"
56 #include "psdate.h"
57 
58 #define LOGNAMESIZE (MAXLOGNAME-1)
59 
60 static		char locked_str[] = "*LOCKED*";
61 
62 static struct passwd fakeuser = {
63 	"nouser",
64 	"*",
65 	-1,
66 	-1,
67 	0,
68 	"",
69 	"User &",
70 	"/nonexistent",
71 	"/bin/sh",
72 	0,
73 	0
74 };
75 
76 static int	 print_user(struct passwd *pwd, bool pretty, bool v7);
77 static uid_t	 pw_uidpolicy(struct userconf *cnf, intmax_t id);
78 static uid_t	 pw_gidpolicy(struct userconf *cnf, char *grname, char *nam,
79     gid_t prefer, bool dryrun);
80 static char	*pw_homepolicy(struct userconf * cnf, char *homedir,
81     const char *user);
82 static char	*pw_shellpolicy(struct userconf * cnf);
83 static char	*pw_password(struct userconf * cnf, char const * user);
84 static char	*shell_path(char const * path, char *shells[], char *sh);
85 static void	rmat(uid_t uid);
86 
87 static void
88 mkdir_home_parents(int dfd, const char *dir)
89 {
90 	struct stat st;
91 	char *dirs, *tmp;
92 
93 	if (*dir != '/')
94 		errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid base directory for home '%s'", dir);
95 
96 	dir++;
97 
98 	if (fstatat(dfd, dir, &st, 0) != -1) {
99 		if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
100 			return;
101 		errx(EX_OSFILE, "root home `/%s' is not a directory", dir);
102 	}
103 
104 	dirs = strdup(dir);
105 	if (dirs == NULL)
106 		errx(EX_UNAVAILABLE, "out of memory");
107 
108 	tmp = strrchr(dirs, '/');
109 	if (tmp == NULL) {
110 		free(dirs);
111 		return;
112 	}
113 	tmp[0] = '\0';
114 
115 	/*
116 	 * This is a kludge especially for Joerg :)
117 	 * If the home directory would be created in the root partition, then
118 	 * we really create it under /usr which is likely to have more space.
119 	 * But we create a symlink from cnf->home -> "/usr" -> cnf->home
120 	 */
121 	if (strchr(dirs, '/') == NULL) {
122 		asprintf(&tmp, "usr/%s", dirs);
123 		if (tmp == NULL)
124 			errx(EX_UNAVAILABLE, "out of memory");
125 		if (mkdirat(dfd, tmp, _DEF_DIRMODE) != -1 || errno == EEXIST) {
126 			fchownat(dfd, tmp, 0, 0, 0);
127 			symlinkat(tmp, dfd, dirs);
128 		}
129 		free(tmp);
130 	}
131 	tmp = dirs;
132 	if (fstatat(dfd, dirs, &st, 0) == -1) {
133 		while ((tmp = strchr(tmp + 1, '/')) != NULL) {
134 			*tmp = '\0';
135 			if (fstatat(dfd, dirs, &st, 0) == -1) {
136 				if (mkdirat(dfd, dirs, _DEF_DIRMODE) == -1)
137 					err(EX_OSFILE,  "'%s' (root home parent) is not a directory", dirs);
138 			}
139 			*tmp = '/';
140 		}
141 	}
142 	if (fstatat(dfd, dirs, &st, 0) == -1) {
143 		if (mkdirat(dfd, dirs, _DEF_DIRMODE) == -1)
144 			err(EX_OSFILE,  "'%s' (root home parent) is not a directory", dirs);
145 		fchownat(dfd, dirs, 0, 0, 0);
146 	}
147 
148 	free(dirs);
149 }
150 
151 static void
152 create_and_populate_homedir(struct userconf *cnf, struct passwd *pwd,
153     const char *skeldir, mode_t homemode, bool update)
154 {
155 	int skelfd = -1;
156 
157 	/* Create home parents directories */
158 	mkdir_home_parents(conf.rootfd, pwd->pw_dir);
159 
160 	if (skeldir != NULL && *skeldir != '\0') {
161 		if (*skeldir == '/')
162 			skeldir++;
163 		skelfd = openat(conf.rootfd, skeldir, O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC);
164 	}
165 
166 	copymkdir(conf.rootfd, pwd->pw_dir, skelfd, homemode, pwd->pw_uid,
167 	    pwd->pw_gid, 0);
168 	pw_log(cnf, update ? M_UPDATE : M_ADD, W_USER, "%s(%ju) home %s made",
169 	    pwd->pw_name, (uintmax_t)pwd->pw_uid, pwd->pw_dir);
170 }
171 
172 static int
173 pw_set_passwd(struct passwd *pwd, int fd, bool precrypted, bool update)
174 {
175 	int		 b, istty;
176 	struct termios	 t, n;
177 	login_cap_t	*lc;
178 	char		line[_PASSWORD_LEN+1];
179 	char		*p;
180 
181 	if (fd == '-') {
182 		if (!pwd->pw_passwd || *pwd->pw_passwd != '*') {
183 			pwd->pw_passwd = "*";	/* No access */
184 			return (1);
185 		}
186 		return (0);
187 	}
188 
189 	if ((istty = isatty(fd))) {
190 		if (tcgetattr(fd, &t) == -1)
191 			istty = 0;
192 		else {
193 			n = t;
194 			n.c_lflag &= ~(ECHO);
195 			tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &n);
196 			printf("%s%spassword for user %s:",
197 			    update ? "new " : "",
198 			    precrypted ? "encrypted " : "",
199 			    pwd->pw_name);
200 			fflush(stdout);
201 		}
202 	}
203 	b = read(fd, line, sizeof(line) - 1);
204 	if (istty) {	/* Restore state */
205 		tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &t);
206 		fputc('\n', stdout);
207 		fflush(stdout);
208 	}
209 
210 	if (b < 0)
211 		err(EX_IOERR, "-%c file descriptor",
212 		    precrypted ? 'H' : 'h');
213 	line[b] = '\0';
214 	if ((p = strpbrk(line, "\r\n")) != NULL)
215 		*p = '\0';
216 	if (!*line)
217 		errx(EX_DATAERR, "empty password read on file descriptor %d",
218 		    fd);
219 	if (precrypted) {
220 		if (strchr(line, ':') != NULL)
221 			errx(EX_DATAERR, "bad encrypted password");
222 		pwd->pw_passwd = strdup(line);
223 	} else {
224 		lc = login_getpwclass(pwd);
225 		if (lc == NULL ||
226 				login_setcryptfmt(lc, "sha512", NULL) == NULL)
227 			warn("setting crypt(3) format");
228 		login_close(lc);
229 		pwd->pw_passwd = pw_pwcrypt(line);
230 	}
231 	return (1);
232 }
233 
234 static void
235 perform_chgpwent(const char *name, struct passwd *pwd, char *nispasswd)
236 {
237 	int rc;
238 	struct passwd *nispwd;
239 
240 	/* duplicate for nis so that chgpwent is not modifying before NIS */
241 	if (nispasswd && *nispasswd == '/')
242 		nispwd = pw_dup(pwd);
243 
244 	rc = chgpwent(name, pwd);
245 	if (rc == -1)
246 		errx(EX_IOERR, "user '%s' does not exist (NIS?)", pwd->pw_name);
247 	else if (rc != 0)
248 		err(EX_IOERR, "passwd file update");
249 
250 	if (nispasswd && *nispasswd == '/') {
251 		rc = chgnispwent(nispasswd, name, nispwd);
252 		if (rc == -1)
253 			warn("User '%s' not found in NIS passwd", pwd->pw_name);
254 		else if (rc != 0)
255 			warn("NIS passwd update");
256 		/* NOTE: NIS-only update errors are not fatal */
257 	}
258 }
259 
260 /*
261  * The M_LOCK and M_UNLOCK functions simply add or remove
262  * a "*LOCKED*" prefix from in front of the password to
263  * prevent it decoding correctly, and therefore prevents
264  * access. Of course, this only prevents access via
265  * password authentication (not ssh, kerberos or any
266  * other method that does not use the UNIX password) but
267  * that is a known limitation.
268  */
269 static int
270 pw_userlock(char *arg1, int mode)
271 {
272 	struct passwd *pwd = NULL;
273 	char *passtmp = NULL;
274 	char *name;
275 	bool locked = false;
276 	uid_t id = (uid_t)-1;
277 
278 	if (geteuid() != 0)
279 		errx(EX_NOPERM, "you must be root");
280 
281 	if (arg1 == NULL)
282 		errx(EX_DATAERR, "username or id required");
283 
284 	name = arg1;
285 	if (arg1[strspn(name, "0123456789")] == '\0')
286 		id = pw_checkid(name, UID_MAX);
287 
288 	pwd = GETPWNAM(pw_checkname(name, 0));
289 	if (pwd == NULL && id != (uid_t)-1) {
290 		pwd = GETPWUID(id);
291 		if (pwd != NULL)
292 			name = pwd->pw_name;
293 	}
294 	if (pwd == NULL) {
295 		if (id == (uid_t)-1)
296 			errx(EX_NOUSER, "no such name or uid `%ju'", (uintmax_t) id);
297 		errx(EX_NOUSER, "no such user `%s'", name);
298 	}
299 
300 	if (name == NULL)
301 		name = pwd->pw_name;
302 
303 	if (strncmp(pwd->pw_passwd, locked_str, sizeof(locked_str) -1) == 0)
304 		locked = true;
305 	if (mode == M_LOCK && locked)
306 		errx(EX_DATAERR, "user '%s' is already locked", pwd->pw_name);
307 	if (mode == M_UNLOCK && !locked)
308 		errx(EX_DATAERR, "user '%s' is not locked", pwd->pw_name);
309 
310 	if (mode == M_LOCK) {
311 		asprintf(&passtmp, "%s%s", locked_str, pwd->pw_passwd);
312 		if (passtmp == NULL)	/* disaster */
313 			errx(EX_UNAVAILABLE, "out of memory");
314 		pwd->pw_passwd = passtmp;
315 	} else {
316 		pwd->pw_passwd += sizeof(locked_str)-1;
317 	}
318 
319 	perform_chgpwent(name, pwd, NULL);
320 	free(passtmp);
321 
322 	return (EXIT_SUCCESS);
323 }
324 
325 static uid_t
326 pw_uidpolicy(struct userconf * cnf, intmax_t id)
327 {
328 	struct passwd  *pwd;
329 	struct bitmap   bm;
330 	uid_t           uid = (uid_t) - 1;
331 
332 	/*
333 	 * Check the given uid, if any
334 	 */
335 	if (id >= 0) {
336 		uid = (uid_t) id;
337 
338 		if ((pwd = GETPWUID(uid)) != NULL && conf.checkduplicate)
339 			errx(EX_DATAERR, "uid `%ju' has already been allocated",
340 			    (uintmax_t)pwd->pw_uid);
341 		return (uid);
342 	}
343 	/*
344 	 * We need to allocate the next available uid under one of
345 	 * two policies a) Grab the first unused uid b) Grab the
346 	 * highest possible unused uid
347 	 */
348 	if (cnf->min_uid >= cnf->max_uid) {	/* Sanity
349 						 * claus^H^H^H^Hheck */
350 		cnf->min_uid = 1000;
351 		cnf->max_uid = 32000;
352 	}
353 	bm = bm_alloc(cnf->max_uid - cnf->min_uid + 1);
354 
355 	/*
356 	 * Now, let's fill the bitmap from the password file
357 	 */
358 	SETPWENT();
359 	while ((pwd = GETPWENT()) != NULL)
360 		if (pwd->pw_uid >= (uid_t) cnf->min_uid && pwd->pw_uid <= (uid_t) cnf->max_uid)
361 			bm_setbit(&bm, pwd->pw_uid - cnf->min_uid);
362 	ENDPWENT();
363 
364 	/*
365 	 * Then apply the policy, with fallback to reuse if necessary
366 	 */
367 	if (cnf->reuse_uids || (uid = (uid_t) (bm_lastset(&bm) + cnf->min_uid + 1)) > cnf->max_uid)
368 		uid = (uid_t) (bm_firstunset(&bm) + cnf->min_uid);
369 
370 	/*
371 	 * Another sanity check
372 	 */
373 	if (uid < cnf->min_uid || uid > cnf->max_uid)
374 		errx(EX_SOFTWARE, "unable to allocate a new uid - range fully used");
375 	bm_dealloc(&bm);
376 	return (uid);
377 }
378 
379 static uid_t
380 pw_gidpolicy(struct userconf *cnf, char *grname, char *nam, gid_t prefer, bool dryrun)
381 {
382 	struct group   *grp;
383 	gid_t           gid = (uid_t) - 1;
384 
385 	/*
386 	 * Check the given gid, if any
387 	 */
388 	SETGRENT();
389 	if (grname) {
390 		if ((grp = GETGRNAM(grname)) == NULL) {
391 			gid = pw_checkid(grname, GID_MAX);
392 			grp = GETGRGID(gid);
393 		}
394 		gid = grp->gr_gid;
395 	} else if ((grp = GETGRNAM(nam)) != NULL &&
396 	    (grp->gr_mem == NULL || grp->gr_mem[0] == NULL)) {
397 		gid = grp->gr_gid;  /* Already created? Use it anyway... */
398 	} else {
399 		intmax_t		grid = -1;
400 
401 		/*
402 		 * We need to auto-create a group with the user's name. We
403 		 * can send all the appropriate output to our sister routine
404 		 * bit first see if we can create a group with gid==uid so we
405 		 * can keep the user and group ids in sync. We purposely do
406 		 * NOT check the gid range if we can force the sync. If the
407 		 * user's name dups an existing group, then the group add
408 		 * function will happily handle that case for us and exit.
409 		 */
410 		if (GETGRGID(prefer) == NULL)
411 			grid = prefer;
412 		if (dryrun) {
413 			gid = pw_groupnext(cnf, true);
414 		} else {
415 			if (grid == -1)
416 				grid =  pw_groupnext(cnf, true);
417 			groupadd(cnf, nam, grid, NULL, -1, false, false, false);
418 			if ((grp = GETGRNAM(nam)) != NULL)
419 				gid = grp->gr_gid;
420 		}
421 	}
422 	ENDGRENT();
423 	return (gid);
424 }
425 
426 static char *
427 pw_homepolicy(struct userconf * cnf, char *homedir, const char *user)
428 {
429 	static char     home[128];
430 
431 	if (homedir)
432 		return (homedir);
433 
434 	if (cnf->home == NULL || *cnf->home == '\0')
435 		errx(EX_CONFIG, "no base home directory set");
436 	snprintf(home, sizeof(home), "%s/%s", cnf->home, user);
437 
438 	return (home);
439 }
440 
441 static char *
442 shell_path(char const * path, char *shells[], char *sh)
443 {
444 	if (sh != NULL && (*sh == '/' || *sh == '\0'))
445 		return sh;	/* specified full path or forced none */
446 	else {
447 		char           *p;
448 		char            paths[_UC_MAXLINE];
449 
450 		/*
451 		 * We need to search paths
452 		 */
453 		strlcpy(paths, path, sizeof(paths));
454 		for (p = strtok(paths, ": \t\r\n"); p != NULL; p = strtok(NULL, ": \t\r\n")) {
455 			int             i;
456 			static char     shellpath[256];
457 
458 			if (sh != NULL) {
459 				snprintf(shellpath, sizeof(shellpath), "%s/%s", p, sh);
460 				if (access(shellpath, X_OK) == 0)
461 					return shellpath;
462 			} else
463 				for (i = 0; i < _UC_MAXSHELLS && shells[i] != NULL; i++) {
464 					snprintf(shellpath, sizeof(shellpath), "%s/%s", p, shells[i]);
465 					if (access(shellpath, X_OK) == 0)
466 						return shellpath;
467 				}
468 		}
469 		if (sh == NULL)
470 			errx(EX_OSFILE, "can't find shell `%s' in shell paths", sh);
471 		errx(EX_CONFIG, "no default shell available or defined");
472 		return NULL;
473 	}
474 }
475 
476 static char *
477 pw_shellpolicy(struct userconf * cnf)
478 {
479 
480 	return shell_path(cnf->shelldir, cnf->shells, cnf->shell_default);
481 }
482 
483 #define	SALTSIZE	32
484 
485 static char const chars[] = "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ./";
486 
487 char *
488 pw_pwcrypt(char *password)
489 {
490 	int             i;
491 	char            salt[SALTSIZE + 1];
492 	char		*cryptpw;
493 	static char     buf[256];
494 	size_t		pwlen;
495 
496 	/*
497 	 * Calculate a salt value
498 	 */
499 	for (i = 0; i < SALTSIZE; i++)
500 		salt[i] = chars[arc4random_uniform(sizeof(chars) - 1)];
501 	salt[SALTSIZE] = '\0';
502 
503 	cryptpw = crypt(password, salt);
504 	if (cryptpw == NULL)
505 		errx(EX_CONFIG, "crypt(3) failure");
506 	pwlen = strlcpy(buf, cryptpw, sizeof(buf));
507 	assert(pwlen < sizeof(buf));
508 	return (buf);
509 }
510 
511 static char *
512 pw_password(struct userconf * cnf, char const * user)
513 {
514 	int             i, l;
515 	char            pwbuf[32];
516 
517 	switch (cnf->default_password) {
518 	case P_NONE:		/* No password at all! */
519 		return "";
520 	case P_RANDOM:			/* Random password */
521 		l = (arc4random() % 8 + 8);	/* 8 - 16 chars */
522 		for (i = 0; i < l; i++)
523 			pwbuf[i] = chars[arc4random_uniform(sizeof(chars)-1)];
524 		pwbuf[i] = '\0';
525 
526 		/*
527 		 * We give this information back to the user
528 		 */
529 		if (conf.fd == -1) {
530 			if (isatty(STDOUT_FILENO))
531 				printf("Password for '%s' is: ", user);
532 			printf("%s\n", pwbuf);
533 			fflush(stdout);
534 		}
535 		break;
536 	case P_YES:		/* user's name */
537 		strlcpy(pwbuf, user, sizeof(pwbuf));
538 		break;
539 	case P_NO:		/* No login - default */
540 				/* FALLTHROUGH */
541 	default:
542 		return "*";
543 	}
544 	return pw_pwcrypt(pwbuf);
545 }
546 
547 static int
548 print_user(struct passwd * pwd, bool pretty, bool v7)
549 {
550 	int		j;
551 	char           *p;
552 	struct group   *grp = GETGRGID(pwd->pw_gid);
553 	char            uname[60] = "User &", office[60] = "[None]",
554 			wphone[60] = "[None]", hphone[60] = "[None]";
555 	char		acexpire[32] = "[None]", pwexpire[32] = "[None]";
556 	struct tm *    tptr;
557 
558 	if (!pretty) {
559 		p = v7 ? pw_make_v7(pwd) : pw_make(pwd);
560 		printf("%s\n", p);
561 		free(p);
562 		return (EXIT_SUCCESS);
563 	}
564 
565 	if ((p = strtok(pwd->pw_gecos, ",")) != NULL) {
566 		strlcpy(uname, p, sizeof(uname));
567 		if ((p = strtok(NULL, ",")) != NULL) {
568 			strlcpy(office, p, sizeof(office));
569 			if ((p = strtok(NULL, ",")) != NULL) {
570 				strlcpy(wphone, p, sizeof(wphone));
571 				if ((p = strtok(NULL, "")) != NULL) {
572 					strlcpy(hphone, p, sizeof(hphone));
573 				}
574 			}
575 		}
576 	}
577 	/*
578 	 * Handle '&' in gecos field
579 	 */
580 	if ((p = strchr(uname, '&')) != NULL) {
581 		int             l = strlen(pwd->pw_name);
582 		int             m = strlen(p);
583 
584 		memmove(p + l, p + 1, m);
585 		memmove(p, pwd->pw_name, l);
586 		*p = (char) toupper((unsigned char)*p);
587 	}
588 	if (pwd->pw_expire > (time_t)0 && (tptr = localtime(&pwd->pw_expire)) != NULL)
589 		strftime(acexpire, sizeof acexpire, "%c", tptr);
590 	if (pwd->pw_change > (time_t)0 && (tptr = localtime(&pwd->pw_change)) != NULL)
591 		strftime(pwexpire, sizeof pwexpire, "%c", tptr);
592 	printf("Login Name: %-15s   #%-12ju Group: %-15s   #%ju\n"
593 	       " Full Name: %s\n"
594 	       "      Home: %-26.26s      Class: %s\n"
595 	       "     Shell: %-26.26s     Office: %s\n"
596 	       "Work Phone: %-26.26s Home Phone: %s\n"
597 	       "Acc Expire: %-26.26s Pwd Expire: %s\n",
598 	       pwd->pw_name, (uintmax_t)pwd->pw_uid,
599 	       grp ? grp->gr_name : "(invalid)", (uintmax_t)pwd->pw_gid,
600 	       uname, pwd->pw_dir, pwd->pw_class,
601 	       pwd->pw_shell, office, wphone, hphone,
602 	       acexpire, pwexpire);
603         SETGRENT();
604 	j = 0;
605 	while ((grp=GETGRENT()) != NULL) {
606 		int     i = 0;
607 		if (grp->gr_mem != NULL) {
608 			while (grp->gr_mem[i] != NULL) {
609 				if (strcmp(grp->gr_mem[i], pwd->pw_name)==0) {
610 					printf(j++ == 0 ? "    Groups: %s" : ",%s", grp->gr_name);
611 					break;
612 				}
613 				++i;
614 			}
615 		}
616 	}
617 	ENDGRENT();
618 	printf("%s", j ? "\n" : "");
619 	return (EXIT_SUCCESS);
620 }
621 
622 char *
623 pw_checkname(char *name, int gecos)
624 {
625 	char showch[8];
626 	const char *badchars, *ch, *showtype;
627 	int reject;
628 
629 	ch = name;
630 	reject = 0;
631 	if (gecos) {
632 		/* See if the name is valid as a gecos (comment) field. */
633 		badchars = ":";
634 		showtype = "gecos field";
635 	} else {
636 		/* See if the name is valid as a userid or group. */
637 		badchars = " ,\t:+&#%$^()!@~*?<>=|\\/\"";
638 		showtype = "userid/group name";
639 		/* Userids and groups can not have a leading '-'. */
640 		if (*ch == '-')
641 			reject = 1;
642 	}
643 	if (!reject) {
644 		while (*ch) {
645 			if (strchr(badchars, *ch) != NULL ||
646 			    (!gecos && *ch < ' ') ||
647 			    *ch == 127) {
648 				reject = 1;
649 				break;
650 			}
651 			/* 8-bit characters are only allowed in GECOS fields */
652 			if (!gecos && (*ch & 0x80)) {
653 				reject = 1;
654 				break;
655 			}
656 			ch++;
657 		}
658 	}
659 	/*
660 	 * A `$' is allowed as the final character for userids and groups,
661 	 * mainly for the benefit of samba.
662 	 */
663 	if (reject && !gecos) {
664 		if (*ch == '$' && *(ch + 1) == '\0') {
665 			reject = 0;
666 			ch++;
667 		}
668 	}
669 	if (reject) {
670 		snprintf(showch, sizeof(showch), (*ch >= ' ' && *ch < 127)
671 		    ? "`%c'" : "0x%02x", *ch);
672 		errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid character %s at position %td in %s",
673 		    showch, (ch - name), showtype);
674 	}
675 	if (!gecos && (ch - name) > LOGNAMESIZE)
676 		errx(EX_USAGE, "name too long `%s' (max is %d)", name,
677 		    LOGNAMESIZE);
678 
679 	return (name);
680 }
681 
682 static void
683 rmat(uid_t uid)
684 {
685 	DIR            *d = opendir("/var/at/jobs");
686 
687 	if (d != NULL) {
688 		struct dirent  *e;
689 
690 		while ((e = readdir(d)) != NULL) {
691 			struct stat     st;
692 
693 			if (strncmp(e->d_name, ".lock", 5) != 0 &&
694 			    stat(e->d_name, &st) == 0 &&
695 			    !S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) &&
696 			    st.st_uid == uid) {
697 				char            tmp[MAXPATHLEN];
698 
699 				snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "/usr/bin/atrm %s",
700 				    e->d_name);
701 				system(tmp);
702 			}
703 		}
704 		closedir(d);
705 	}
706 }
707 
708 int
709 pw_user_next(int argc, char **argv, char *name __unused)
710 {
711 	struct userconf *cnf = NULL;
712 	const char *cfg = NULL;
713 	int ch;
714 	bool quiet = false;
715 	uid_t next;
716 
717 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "C:q")) != -1) {
718 		switch (ch) {
719 		case 'C':
720 			cfg = optarg;
721 			break;
722 		case 'q':
723 			quiet = true;
724 			break;
725 		default:
726 			exit(EX_USAGE);
727 		}
728 	}
729 
730 	if (quiet)
731 		freopen(_PATH_DEVNULL, "w", stderr);
732 
733 	cnf = get_userconfig(cfg);
734 
735 	next = pw_uidpolicy(cnf, -1);
736 
737 	printf("%ju:", (uintmax_t)next);
738 	pw_groupnext(cnf, quiet);
739 
740 	return (EXIT_SUCCESS);
741 }
742 
743 int
744 pw_user_show(int argc, char **argv, char *arg1)
745 {
746 	struct passwd *pwd = NULL;
747 	char *name = NULL;
748 	intmax_t id = -1;
749 	int ch;
750 	bool all = false;
751 	bool pretty = false;
752 	bool force = false;
753 	bool v7 = false;
754 	bool quiet = false;
755 
756 	if (arg1 != NULL) {
757 		if (arg1[strspn(arg1, "0123456789")] == '\0')
758 			id = pw_checkid(arg1, UID_MAX);
759 		else
760 			name = arg1;
761 	}
762 
763 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "C:qn:u:FPa7")) != -1) {
764 		switch (ch) {
765 		case 'C':
766 			/* ignore compatibility */
767 			break;
768 		case 'q':
769 			quiet = true;
770 			break;
771 		case 'n':
772 			name = optarg;
773 			break;
774 		case 'u':
775 			id = pw_checkid(optarg, UID_MAX);
776 			break;
777 		case 'F':
778 			force = true;
779 			break;
780 		case 'P':
781 			pretty = true;
782 			break;
783 		case 'a':
784 			all = true;
785 			break;
786 		case '7':
787 			v7 = true;
788 			break;
789 		default:
790 			exit(EX_USAGE);
791 		}
792 	}
793 
794 	if (quiet)
795 		freopen(_PATH_DEVNULL, "w", stderr);
796 
797 	if (all) {
798 		SETPWENT();
799 		while ((pwd = GETPWENT()) != NULL)
800 			print_user(pwd, pretty, v7);
801 		ENDPWENT();
802 		return (EXIT_SUCCESS);
803 	}
804 
805 	if (id < 0 && name == NULL)
806 		errx(EX_DATAERR, "username or id required");
807 
808 	pwd = (name != NULL) ? GETPWNAM(pw_checkname(name, 0)) : GETPWUID(id);
809 	if (pwd == NULL) {
810 		if (force) {
811 			pwd = &fakeuser;
812 		} else {
813 			if (name == NULL)
814 				errx(EX_NOUSER, "no such uid `%ju'",
815 				    (uintmax_t) id);
816 			errx(EX_NOUSER, "no such user `%s'", name);
817 		}
818 	}
819 
820 	return (print_user(pwd, pretty, v7));
821 }
822 
823 int
824 pw_user_del(int argc, char **argv, char *arg1)
825 {
826 	struct userconf *cnf = NULL;
827 	struct passwd *pwd = NULL;
828 	struct group *gr, *grp;
829 	char *name = NULL;
830 	char grname[MAXLOGNAME];
831 	char *nispasswd = NULL;
832 	char file[MAXPATHLEN];
833 	char home[MAXPATHLEN];
834 	const char *cfg = NULL;
835 	struct stat st;
836 	intmax_t id = -1;
837 	int ch, rc;
838 	bool nis = false;
839 	bool deletehome = false;
840 	bool quiet = false;
841 
842 	if (arg1 != NULL) {
843 		if (arg1[strspn(arg1, "0123456789")] == '\0')
844 			id = pw_checkid(arg1, UID_MAX);
845 		else
846 			name = arg1;
847 	}
848 
849 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "C:qn:u:rYy:")) != -1) {
850 		switch (ch) {
851 		case 'C':
852 			cfg = optarg;
853 			break;
854 		case 'q':
855 			quiet = true;
856 			break;
857 		case 'n':
858 			name = optarg;
859 			break;
860 		case 'u':
861 			id = pw_checkid(optarg, UID_MAX);
862 			break;
863 		case 'r':
864 			deletehome = true;
865 			break;
866 		case 'y':
867 			nispasswd = optarg;
868 			break;
869 		case 'Y':
870 			nis = true;
871 			break;
872 		default:
873 			exit(EX_USAGE);
874 		}
875 	}
876 
877 	if (quiet)
878 		freopen(_PATH_DEVNULL, "w", stderr);
879 
880 	if (id < 0 && name == NULL)
881 		errx(EX_DATAERR, "username or id required");
882 
883 	cnf = get_userconfig(cfg);
884 
885 	if (nispasswd == NULL)
886 		nispasswd = cnf->nispasswd;
887 
888 	pwd = (name != NULL) ? GETPWNAM(pw_checkname(name, 0)) : GETPWUID(id);
889 	if (pwd == NULL) {
890 		if (name == NULL)
891 			errx(EX_NOUSER, "no such uid `%ju'", (uintmax_t) id);
892 		errx(EX_NOUSER, "no such user `%s'", name);
893 	}
894 
895 	if (PWF._altdir == PWF_REGULAR &&
896 	    ((pwd->pw_fields & _PWF_SOURCE) != _PWF_FILES)) {
897 		if ((pwd->pw_fields & _PWF_SOURCE) == _PWF_NIS) {
898 			if (!nis && nispasswd && *nispasswd != '/')
899 				errx(EX_NOUSER, "Cannot remove NIS user `%s'",
900 				    name);
901 		} else {
902 			errx(EX_NOUSER, "Cannot remove non local user `%s'",
903 			    name);
904 		}
905 	}
906 
907 	id = pwd->pw_uid;
908 	if (name == NULL)
909 		name = pwd->pw_name;
910 
911 	if (strcmp(pwd->pw_name, "root") == 0)
912 		errx(EX_DATAERR, "cannot remove user 'root'");
913 
914 	if (!PWALTDIR()) {
915 		/* Remove crontabs */
916 		snprintf(file, sizeof(file), "/var/cron/tabs/%s", pwd->pw_name);
917 		if (access(file, F_OK) == 0) {
918 			snprintf(file, sizeof(file), "crontab -u %s -r",
919 			    pwd->pw_name);
920 			system(file);
921 		}
922 	}
923 
924 	/*
925 	 * Save these for later, since contents of pwd may be
926 	 * invalidated by deletion
927 	 */
928 	snprintf(file, sizeof(file), "%s/%s", _PATH_MAILDIR, pwd->pw_name);
929 	strlcpy(home, pwd->pw_dir, sizeof(home));
930 	gr = GETGRGID(pwd->pw_gid);
931 	if (gr != NULL)
932 		strlcpy(grname, gr->gr_name, LOGNAMESIZE);
933 	else
934 		grname[0] = '\0';
935 
936 	rc = delpwent(pwd);
937 	if (rc == -1)
938 		err(EX_IOERR, "user '%s' does not exist", pwd->pw_name);
939 	else if (rc != 0)
940 		err(EX_IOERR, "passwd update");
941 
942 	if (nis && nispasswd && *nispasswd=='/') {
943 		rc = delnispwent(nispasswd, name);
944 		if (rc == -1)
945 			warnx("WARNING: user '%s' does not exist in NIS passwd",
946 			    pwd->pw_name);
947 		else if (rc != 0)
948 			warn("WARNING: NIS passwd update");
949 	}
950 
951 	grp = GETGRNAM(name);
952 	if (grp != NULL &&
953 	    (grp->gr_mem == NULL || *grp->gr_mem == NULL) &&
954 	    strcmp(name, grname) == 0)
955 		delgrent(GETGRNAM(name));
956 	SETGRENT();
957 	while ((grp = GETGRENT()) != NULL) {
958 		int i, j;
959 		char group[MAXLOGNAME];
960 		if (grp->gr_mem == NULL)
961 			continue;
962 
963 		for (i = 0; grp->gr_mem[i] != NULL; i++) {
964 			if (strcmp(grp->gr_mem[i], name) != 0)
965 				continue;
966 
967 			for (j = i; grp->gr_mem[j] != NULL; j++)
968 				grp->gr_mem[j] = grp->gr_mem[j+1];
969 			strlcpy(group, grp->gr_name, MAXLOGNAME);
970 			chggrent(group, grp);
971 		}
972 	}
973 	ENDGRENT();
974 
975 	pw_log(cnf, M_DELETE, W_USER, "%s(%ju) account removed", name,
976 	    (uintmax_t)id);
977 
978 	/* Remove mail file */
979 	if (PWALTDIR() != PWF_ALT)
980 		unlinkat(conf.rootfd, file + 1, 0);
981 
982 	/* Remove at jobs */
983 	if (!PWALTDIR() && getpwuid(id) == NULL)
984 		rmat(id);
985 
986 	/* Remove home directory and contents */
987 	if (PWALTDIR() != PWF_ALT && deletehome && *home == '/' &&
988 	    GETPWUID(id) == NULL &&
989 	    fstatat(conf.rootfd, home + 1, &st, 0) != -1) {
990 		rm_r(conf.rootfd, home, id);
991 		pw_log(cnf, M_DELETE, W_USER, "%s(%ju) home '%s' %s"
992 		    "removed", name, (uintmax_t)id, home,
993 		     fstatat(conf.rootfd, home + 1, &st, 0) == -1 ? "" : "not "
994 		     "completely ");
995 	}
996 
997 	return (EXIT_SUCCESS);
998 }
999 
1000 int
1001 pw_user_lock(int argc, char **argv, char *arg1)
1002 {
1003 	int ch;
1004 
1005 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "Cq")) != -1) {
1006 		switch (ch) {
1007 		case 'C':
1008 		case 'q':
1009 			/* compatibility */
1010 			break;
1011 		default:
1012 			exit(EX_USAGE);
1013 		}
1014 	}
1015 
1016 	return (pw_userlock(arg1, M_LOCK));
1017 }
1018 
1019 int
1020 pw_user_unlock(int argc, char **argv, char *arg1)
1021 {
1022 	int ch;
1023 
1024 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "Cq")) != -1) {
1025 		switch (ch) {
1026 		case 'C':
1027 		case 'q':
1028 			/* compatibility */
1029 			break;
1030 		default:
1031 			exit(EX_USAGE);
1032 		}
1033 	}
1034 
1035 	return (pw_userlock(arg1, M_UNLOCK));
1036 }
1037 
1038 static struct group *
1039 group_from_name_or_id(char *name)
1040 {
1041 	const char *errstr = NULL;
1042 	struct group *grp;
1043 	uintmax_t id;
1044 
1045 	if ((grp = GETGRNAM(name)) == NULL) {
1046 		id = strtounum(name, 0, GID_MAX, &errstr);
1047 		if (errstr)
1048 			errx(EX_NOUSER, "group `%s' does not exist", name);
1049 		grp = GETGRGID(id);
1050 		if (grp == NULL)
1051 			errx(EX_NOUSER, "group `%s' does not exist", name);
1052 	}
1053 
1054 	return (grp);
1055 }
1056 
1057 static void
1058 split_groups(StringList **groups, char *groupsstr)
1059 {
1060 	struct group *grp;
1061 	char *p;
1062 	char tok[] = ", \t";
1063 
1064 	if (*groups == NULL)
1065 		*groups = sl_init();
1066 	for (p = strtok(groupsstr, tok); p != NULL; p = strtok(NULL, tok)) {
1067 		grp = group_from_name_or_id(p);
1068 		sl_add(*groups, newstr(grp->gr_name));
1069 	}
1070 }
1071 
1072 static void
1073 validate_grname(struct userconf *cnf, char *group)
1074 {
1075 	struct group *grp;
1076 
1077 	if (group == NULL || *group == '\0') {
1078 		cnf->default_group = "";
1079 		return;
1080 	}
1081 	grp = group_from_name_or_id(group);
1082 	cnf->default_group = newstr(grp->gr_name);
1083 }
1084 
1085 static mode_t
1086 validate_mode(char *mode)
1087 {
1088 	mode_t m;
1089 	void *set;
1090 
1091 	if ((set = setmode(mode)) == NULL)
1092 		errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid directory creation mode '%s'", mode);
1093 
1094 	m = getmode(set, _DEF_DIRMODE);
1095 	free(set);
1096 	return (m);
1097 }
1098 
1099 static long
1100 validate_expire(char *str, int opt)
1101 {
1102 	if (!numerics(str))
1103 		errx(EX_DATAERR, "-%c argument must be numeric "
1104 		     "when setting defaults: %s", (char)opt, str);
1105 	return strtol(str, NULL, 0);
1106 }
1107 
1108 static void
1109 mix_config(struct userconf *cmdcnf, struct userconf *cfg)
1110 {
1111 
1112 	if (cmdcnf->default_password < 0)
1113 		cmdcnf->default_password = cfg->default_password;
1114 	if (cmdcnf->reuse_uids == 0)
1115 		cmdcnf->reuse_uids = cfg->reuse_uids;
1116 	if (cmdcnf->reuse_gids == 0)
1117 		cmdcnf->reuse_gids = cfg->reuse_gids;
1118 	if (cmdcnf->nispasswd == NULL)
1119 		cmdcnf->nispasswd = cfg->nispasswd;
1120 	if (cmdcnf->dotdir == NULL)
1121 		cmdcnf->dotdir = cfg->dotdir;
1122 	if (cmdcnf->newmail == NULL)
1123 		cmdcnf->newmail = cfg->newmail;
1124 	if (cmdcnf->logfile == NULL)
1125 		cmdcnf->logfile = cfg->logfile;
1126 	if (cmdcnf->home == NULL)
1127 		cmdcnf->home = cfg->home;
1128 	if (cmdcnf->homemode == 0)
1129 		cmdcnf->homemode = cfg->homemode;
1130 	if (cmdcnf->shelldir == NULL)
1131 		cmdcnf->shelldir = cfg->shelldir;
1132 	if (cmdcnf->shells == NULL)
1133 		cmdcnf->shells = cfg->shells;
1134 	if (cmdcnf->shell_default == NULL)
1135 		cmdcnf->shell_default = cfg->shell_default;
1136 	if (cmdcnf->default_group == NULL)
1137 		cmdcnf->default_group = cfg->default_group;
1138 	if (cmdcnf->groups == NULL)
1139 		cmdcnf->groups = cfg->groups;
1140 	if (cmdcnf->default_class == NULL)
1141 		cmdcnf->default_class = cfg->default_class;
1142 	if (cmdcnf->min_uid == 0)
1143 		cmdcnf->min_uid = cfg->min_uid;
1144 	if (cmdcnf->max_uid == 0)
1145 		cmdcnf->max_uid = cfg->max_uid;
1146 	if (cmdcnf->min_gid == 0)
1147 		cmdcnf->min_gid = cfg->min_gid;
1148 	if (cmdcnf->max_gid == 0)
1149 		cmdcnf->max_gid = cfg->max_gid;
1150 	if (cmdcnf->expire_days < 0)
1151 		cmdcnf->expire_days = cfg->expire_days;
1152 	if (cmdcnf->password_days < 0)
1153 		cmdcnf->password_days = cfg->password_days;
1154 }
1155 
1156 int
1157 pw_user_add(int argc, char **argv, char *arg1)
1158 {
1159 	struct userconf *cnf, *cmdcnf;
1160 	struct passwd *pwd;
1161 	struct group *grp;
1162 	struct stat st;
1163 	char args[] = "C:qn:u:c:d:e:p:g:G:mM:k:s:oL:i:w:h:H:Db:NPy:Y";
1164 	char line[_PASSWORD_LEN+1], path[MAXPATHLEN];
1165 	char *gecos, *homedir, *skel, *walk, *userid, *groupid, *grname;
1166 	char *default_passwd, *name, *p;
1167 	const char *cfg = NULL;
1168 	login_cap_t *lc;
1169 	FILE *pfp, *fp;
1170 	intmax_t id = -1;
1171 	time_t now;
1172 	int rc, ch, fd = -1;
1173 	size_t i;
1174 	bool dryrun, nis, pretty, quiet, createhome, precrypted, genconf;
1175 
1176 	dryrun = nis = pretty = quiet = createhome = precrypted = false;
1177 	genconf = false;
1178 	gecos = homedir = skel = userid = groupid = default_passwd = NULL;
1179 	grname = name = NULL;
1180 
1181 	if ((cmdcnf = calloc(1, sizeof(struct userconf))) == NULL)
1182 		err(EXIT_FAILURE, "calloc()");
1183 
1184 	cmdcnf->default_password = cmdcnf->expire_days = cmdcnf->password_days = -1;
1185 	now = time(NULL);
1186 
1187 	if (arg1 != NULL) {
1188 		if (arg1[strspn(arg1, "0123456789")] == '\0')
1189 			id = pw_checkid(arg1, UID_MAX);
1190 		else
1191 			name = pw_checkname(arg1, 0);
1192 	}
1193 
1194 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, args)) != -1) {
1195 		switch (ch) {
1196 		case 'C':
1197 			cfg = optarg;
1198 			break;
1199 		case 'q':
1200 			quiet = true;
1201 			break;
1202 		case 'n':
1203 			name = pw_checkname(optarg, 0);
1204 			break;
1205 		case 'u':
1206 			userid = optarg;
1207 			break;
1208 		case 'c':
1209 			gecos = pw_checkname(optarg, 1);
1210 			break;
1211 		case 'd':
1212 			homedir = optarg;
1213 			break;
1214 		case 'e':
1215 			if (genconf)
1216 			    cmdcnf->expire_days = validate_expire(optarg, ch);
1217 			else
1218 			    cmdcnf->expire_days = parse_date(now, optarg);
1219 			break;
1220 		case 'p':
1221 			if (genconf)
1222 			    cmdcnf->password_days = validate_expire(optarg, ch);
1223 			else
1224 			    cmdcnf->password_days = parse_date(now, optarg);
1225 			break;
1226 		case 'g':
1227 			validate_grname(cmdcnf, optarg);
1228 			grname = optarg;
1229 			break;
1230 		case 'G':
1231 			split_groups(&cmdcnf->groups, optarg);
1232 			break;
1233 		case 'm':
1234 			createhome = true;
1235 			break;
1236 		case 'M':
1237 			cmdcnf->homemode = validate_mode(optarg);
1238 			break;
1239 		case 'k':
1240 			walk = skel = optarg;
1241 			if (*walk == '/')
1242 				walk++;
1243 			if (fstatat(conf.rootfd, walk, &st, 0) == -1)
1244 				errx(EX_OSFILE, "skeleton `%s' does not "
1245 				    "exists", skel);
1246 			if (!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
1247 				errx(EX_OSFILE, "skeleton `%s' is not a "
1248 				    "directory", skel);
1249 			cmdcnf->dotdir = skel;
1250 			break;
1251 		case 's':
1252 			cmdcnf->shell_default = optarg;
1253 			break;
1254 		case 'o':
1255 			conf.checkduplicate = false;
1256 			break;
1257 		case 'L':
1258 			cmdcnf->default_class = pw_checkname(optarg, 0);
1259 			break;
1260 		case 'i':
1261 			groupid = optarg;
1262 			break;
1263 		case 'w':
1264 			default_passwd = optarg;
1265 			break;
1266 		case 'H':
1267 			if (fd != -1)
1268 				errx(EX_USAGE, "'-h' and '-H' are mutually "
1269 				    "exclusive options");
1270 			fd = pw_checkfd(optarg);
1271 			precrypted = true;
1272 			if (fd == '-')
1273 				errx(EX_USAGE, "-H expects a file descriptor");
1274 			break;
1275 		case 'h':
1276 			if (fd != -1)
1277 				errx(EX_USAGE, "'-h' and '-H' are mutually "
1278 				    "exclusive options");
1279 			fd = pw_checkfd(optarg);
1280 			break;
1281 		case 'D':
1282 			genconf = true;
1283 			break;
1284 		case 'b':
1285 			cmdcnf->home = optarg;
1286 			break;
1287 		case 'N':
1288 			dryrun = true;
1289 			break;
1290 		case 'P':
1291 			pretty = true;
1292 			break;
1293 		case 'y':
1294 			cmdcnf->nispasswd = optarg;
1295 			break;
1296 		case 'Y':
1297 			nis = true;
1298 			break;
1299 		default:
1300 			exit(EX_USAGE);
1301 		}
1302 	}
1303 
1304 	if (geteuid() != 0 && ! dryrun)
1305 		errx(EX_NOPERM, "you must be root");
1306 
1307 	if (quiet)
1308 		freopen(_PATH_DEVNULL, "w", stderr);
1309 
1310 	cnf = get_userconfig(cfg);
1311 
1312 	mix_config(cmdcnf, cnf);
1313 	if (default_passwd)
1314 		cmdcnf->default_password = passwd_val(default_passwd,
1315 		    cnf->default_password);
1316 	if (genconf) {
1317 		if (name != NULL)
1318 			errx(EX_DATAERR, "can't combine `-D' with `-n name'");
1319 		if (userid != NULL) {
1320 			if ((p = strtok(userid, ", \t")) != NULL)
1321 				cmdcnf->min_uid = pw_checkid(p, UID_MAX);
1322 			if (cmdcnf->min_uid == 0)
1323 				cmdcnf->min_uid = 1000;
1324 			if ((p = strtok(NULL, " ,\t")) != NULL)
1325 				cmdcnf->max_uid = pw_checkid(p, UID_MAX);
1326 			if (cmdcnf->max_uid == 0)
1327 				cmdcnf->max_uid = 32000;
1328 		}
1329 		if (groupid != NULL) {
1330 			if ((p = strtok(groupid, ", \t")) != NULL)
1331 				cmdcnf->min_gid = pw_checkid(p, GID_MAX);
1332 			if (cmdcnf->min_gid == 0)
1333 				cmdcnf->min_gid = 1000;
1334 			if ((p = strtok(NULL, " ,\t")) != NULL)
1335 				cmdcnf->max_gid = pw_checkid(p, GID_MAX);
1336 			if (cmdcnf->max_gid == 0)
1337 				cmdcnf->max_gid = 32000;
1338 		}
1339 		if (write_userconfig(cmdcnf, cfg))
1340 			return (EXIT_SUCCESS);
1341 		err(EX_IOERR, "config update");
1342 	}
1343 
1344 	if (userid)
1345 		id = pw_checkid(userid, UID_MAX);
1346 	if (id < 0 && name == NULL)
1347 		errx(EX_DATAERR, "user name or id required");
1348 
1349 	if (name == NULL)
1350 		errx(EX_DATAERR, "login name required");
1351 
1352 	if (GETPWNAM(name) != NULL)
1353 		errx(EX_DATAERR, "login name `%s' already exists", name);
1354 
1355 	if (!grname)
1356 		grname = cmdcnf->default_group;
1357 
1358 	pwd = &fakeuser;
1359 	pwd->pw_name = name;
1360 	pwd->pw_class = cmdcnf->default_class ? cmdcnf->default_class : "";
1361 	pwd->pw_uid = pw_uidpolicy(cmdcnf, id);
1362 	pwd->pw_gid = pw_gidpolicy(cnf, grname, pwd->pw_name,
1363 	    (gid_t) pwd->pw_uid, dryrun);
1364 
1365 	/* cmdcnf->password_days and cmdcnf->expire_days hold unixtime here */
1366 	if (cmdcnf->password_days > 0)
1367 		pwd->pw_change = cmdcnf->password_days;
1368 	if (cmdcnf->expire_days > 0)
1369 		pwd->pw_expire = cmdcnf->expire_days;
1370 
1371 	pwd->pw_dir = pw_homepolicy(cmdcnf, homedir, pwd->pw_name);
1372 	pwd->pw_shell = pw_shellpolicy(cmdcnf);
1373 	lc = login_getpwclass(pwd);
1374 	if (lc == NULL || login_setcryptfmt(lc, "sha512", NULL) == NULL)
1375 		warn("setting crypt(3) format");
1376 	login_close(lc);
1377 	pwd->pw_passwd = pw_password(cmdcnf, pwd->pw_name);
1378 	if (pwd->pw_uid == 0 && strcmp(pwd->pw_name, "root") != 0)
1379 		warnx("WARNING: new account `%s' has a uid of 0 "
1380 		    "(superuser access!)", pwd->pw_name);
1381 	if (gecos)
1382 		pwd->pw_gecos = gecos;
1383 
1384 	if (fd != -1)
1385 		pw_set_passwd(pwd, fd, precrypted, false);
1386 
1387 	if (dryrun)
1388 		return (print_user(pwd, pretty, false));
1389 
1390 	if ((rc = addpwent(pwd)) != 0) {
1391 		if (rc == -1)
1392 			errx(EX_IOERR, "user '%s' already exists",
1393 			    pwd->pw_name);
1394 		else if (rc != 0)
1395 			err(EX_IOERR, "passwd file update");
1396 	}
1397 	if (nis && cmdcnf->nispasswd && *cmdcnf->nispasswd == '/') {
1398 		printf("%s\n", cmdcnf->nispasswd);
1399 		rc = addnispwent(cmdcnf->nispasswd, pwd);
1400 		if (rc == -1)
1401 			warnx("User '%s' already exists in NIS passwd",
1402 			    pwd->pw_name);
1403 		else if (rc != 0)
1404 			warn("NIS passwd update");
1405 		/* NOTE: we treat NIS-only update errors as non-fatal */
1406 	}
1407 
1408 	if (cmdcnf->groups != NULL) {
1409 		for (i = 0; i < cmdcnf->groups->sl_cur; i++) {
1410 			grp = GETGRNAM(cmdcnf->groups->sl_str[i]);
1411 			grp = gr_add(grp, pwd->pw_name);
1412 			/*
1413 			 * grp can only be NULL in 2 cases:
1414 			 * - the new member is already a member
1415 			 * - a problem with memory occurs
1416 			 * in both cases we want to skip now.
1417 			 */
1418 			if (grp == NULL)
1419 				continue;
1420 			chggrent(grp->gr_name, grp);
1421 			free(grp);
1422 		}
1423 	}
1424 
1425 	pwd = GETPWNAM(name);
1426 	if (pwd == NULL)
1427 		errx(EX_NOUSER, "user '%s' disappeared during update", name);
1428 
1429 	grp = GETGRGID(pwd->pw_gid);
1430 	pw_log(cnf, M_ADD, W_USER, "%s(%ju):%s(%ju):%s:%s:%s",
1431 	       pwd->pw_name, (uintmax_t)pwd->pw_uid,
1432 	    grp ? grp->gr_name : "unknown",
1433 	       (uintmax_t)(grp ? grp->gr_gid : (uid_t)-1),
1434 	       pwd->pw_gecos, pwd->pw_dir, pwd->pw_shell);
1435 
1436 	/*
1437 	 * let's touch and chown the user's mail file. This is not
1438 	 * strictly necessary under BSD with a 0755 maildir but it also
1439 	 * doesn't hurt anything to create the empty mailfile
1440 	 */
1441 	if (PWALTDIR() != PWF_ALT) {
1442 		snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/%s", _PATH_MAILDIR,
1443 		    pwd->pw_name);
1444 		/* Preserve contents & mtime */
1445 		close(openat(conf.rootfd, path +1, O_RDWR | O_CREAT, 0600));
1446 		fchownat(conf.rootfd, path + 1, pwd->pw_uid, pwd->pw_gid,
1447 		    AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW);
1448 	}
1449 
1450 	/*
1451 	 * Let's create and populate the user's home directory. Note
1452 	 * that this also `works' for editing users if -m is used, but
1453 	 * existing files will *not* be overwritten.
1454 	 */
1455 	if (PWALTDIR() != PWF_ALT && createhome && pwd->pw_dir &&
1456 	    *pwd->pw_dir == '/' && pwd->pw_dir[1])
1457 		create_and_populate_homedir(cmdcnf, pwd, cmdcnf->dotdir,
1458 		    cmdcnf->homemode, false);
1459 
1460 	if (!PWALTDIR() && cmdcnf->newmail && *cmdcnf->newmail &&
1461 	    (fp = fopen(cnf->newmail, "r")) != NULL) {
1462 		if ((pfp = popen(_PATH_SENDMAIL " -t", "w")) == NULL)
1463 			warn("sendmail");
1464 		else {
1465 			fprintf(pfp, "From: root\n" "To: %s\n"
1466 			    "Subject: Welcome!\n\n", pwd->pw_name);
1467 			while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), fp) != NULL) {
1468 				/* Do substitutions? */
1469 				fputs(line, pfp);
1470 			}
1471 			pclose(pfp);
1472 			pw_log(cnf, M_ADD, W_USER, "%s(%ju) new user mail sent",
1473 			    pwd->pw_name, (uintmax_t)pwd->pw_uid);
1474 		}
1475 		fclose(fp);
1476 	}
1477 
1478 	if (nis && nis_update() == 0)
1479 		pw_log(cnf, M_ADD, W_USER, "NIS maps updated");
1480 
1481 	return (EXIT_SUCCESS);
1482 }
1483 
1484 int
1485 pw_user_mod(int argc, char **argv, char *arg1)
1486 {
1487 	struct userconf *cnf;
1488 	struct passwd *pwd;
1489 	struct group *grp;
1490 	StringList *groups = NULL;
1491 	char args[] = "C:qn:u:c:d:e:p:g:G:mM:l:k:s:w:L:h:H:NPYy:";
1492 	const char *cfg = NULL;
1493 	char *gecos, *homedir, *grname, *name, *newname, *walk, *skel, *shell;
1494 	char *passwd, *class, *nispasswd;
1495 	login_cap_t *lc;
1496 	struct stat st;
1497 	intmax_t id = -1;
1498 	int ch, fd = -1;
1499 	size_t i, j;
1500 	bool quiet, createhome, pretty, dryrun, nis, edited;
1501 	bool precrypted;
1502 	mode_t homemode = 0;
1503 	time_t expire_time, password_time, now;
1504 
1505 	expire_time = password_time = -1;
1506 	gecos = homedir = grname = name = newname = skel = shell =NULL;
1507 	passwd = NULL;
1508 	class = nispasswd = NULL;
1509 	quiet = createhome = pretty = dryrun = nis = precrypted = false;
1510 	edited = false;
1511 	now = time(NULL);
1512 
1513 	if (arg1 != NULL) {
1514 		if (arg1[strspn(arg1, "0123456789")] == '\0')
1515 			id = pw_checkid(arg1, UID_MAX);
1516 		else
1517 			name = arg1;
1518 	}
1519 
1520 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, args)) != -1) {
1521 		switch (ch) {
1522 		case 'C':
1523 			cfg = optarg;
1524 			break;
1525 		case 'q':
1526 			quiet = true;
1527 			break;
1528 		case 'n':
1529 			name = optarg;
1530 			break;
1531 		case 'u':
1532 			id = pw_checkid(optarg, UID_MAX);
1533 			break;
1534 		case 'c':
1535 			gecos = pw_checkname(optarg, 1);
1536 			break;
1537 		case 'd':
1538 			homedir = optarg;
1539 			break;
1540 		case 'e':
1541 			expire_time = parse_date(now, optarg);
1542 			break;
1543 		case 'p':
1544 			password_time = parse_date(now, optarg);
1545 			break;
1546 		case 'g':
1547 			group_from_name_or_id(optarg);
1548 			grname = optarg;
1549 			break;
1550 		case 'G':
1551 			split_groups(&groups, optarg);
1552 			break;
1553 		case 'm':
1554 			createhome = true;
1555 			break;
1556 		case 'M':
1557 			homemode = validate_mode(optarg);
1558 			break;
1559 		case 'l':
1560 			newname = optarg;
1561 			break;
1562 		case 'k':
1563 			walk = skel = optarg;
1564 			if (*walk == '/')
1565 				walk++;
1566 			if (fstatat(conf.rootfd, walk, &st, 0) == -1)
1567 				errx(EX_OSFILE, "skeleton `%s' does not "
1568 				    "exists", skel);
1569 			if (!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
1570 				errx(EX_OSFILE, "skeleton `%s' is not a "
1571 				    "directory", skel);
1572 			break;
1573 		case 's':
1574 			shell = optarg;
1575 			break;
1576 		case 'w':
1577 			passwd = optarg;
1578 			break;
1579 		case 'L':
1580 			class = pw_checkname(optarg, 0);
1581 			break;
1582 		case 'H':
1583 			if (fd != -1)
1584 				errx(EX_USAGE, "'-h' and '-H' are mutually "
1585 				    "exclusive options");
1586 			fd = pw_checkfd(optarg);
1587 			precrypted = true;
1588 			if (fd == '-')
1589 				errx(EX_USAGE, "-H expects a file descriptor");
1590 			break;
1591 		case 'h':
1592 			if (fd != -1)
1593 				errx(EX_USAGE, "'-h' and '-H' are mutually "
1594 				    "exclusive options");
1595 			fd = pw_checkfd(optarg);
1596 			break;
1597 		case 'N':
1598 			dryrun = true;
1599 			break;
1600 		case 'P':
1601 			pretty = true;
1602 			break;
1603 		case 'y':
1604 			nispasswd = optarg;
1605 			break;
1606 		case 'Y':
1607 			nis = true;
1608 			break;
1609 		default:
1610 			exit(EX_USAGE);
1611 		}
1612 	}
1613 
1614 	if (geteuid() != 0 && ! dryrun)
1615 		errx(EX_NOPERM, "you must be root");
1616 
1617 	if (quiet)
1618 		freopen(_PATH_DEVNULL, "w", stderr);
1619 
1620 	cnf = get_userconfig(cfg);
1621 
1622 	if (id < 0 && name == NULL)
1623 		errx(EX_DATAERR, "username or id required");
1624 
1625 	pwd = (name != NULL) ? GETPWNAM(pw_checkname(name, 0)) : GETPWUID(id);
1626 	if (pwd == NULL) {
1627 		if (name == NULL)
1628 			errx(EX_NOUSER, "no such uid `%ju'",
1629 			    (uintmax_t) id);
1630 		errx(EX_NOUSER, "no such user `%s'", name);
1631 	}
1632 
1633 	if (name == NULL)
1634 		name = pwd->pw_name;
1635 
1636 	if (nis && nispasswd == NULL)
1637 		nispasswd = cnf->nispasswd;
1638 
1639 	if (PWF._altdir == PWF_REGULAR &&
1640 	    ((pwd->pw_fields & _PWF_SOURCE) != _PWF_FILES)) {
1641 		if ((pwd->pw_fields & _PWF_SOURCE) == _PWF_NIS) {
1642 			if (!nis && nispasswd && *nispasswd != '/')
1643 				errx(EX_NOUSER, "Cannot modify NIS user `%s'",
1644 				    name);
1645 		} else {
1646 			errx(EX_NOUSER, "Cannot modify non local user `%s'",
1647 			    name);
1648 		}
1649 	}
1650 
1651 	if (newname) {
1652 		if (strcmp(pwd->pw_name, "root") == 0)
1653 			errx(EX_DATAERR, "can't rename `root' account");
1654 		if (strcmp(pwd->pw_name, newname) != 0) {
1655 			pwd->pw_name = pw_checkname(newname, 0);
1656 			edited = true;
1657 		}
1658 	}
1659 
1660 	if (id >= 0 && pwd->pw_uid != id) {
1661 		pwd->pw_uid = id;
1662 		edited = true;
1663 		if (pwd->pw_uid != 0 && strcmp(pwd->pw_name, "root") == 0)
1664 			errx(EX_DATAERR, "can't change uid of `root' account");
1665 		if (pwd->pw_uid == 0 && strcmp(pwd->pw_name, "root") != 0)
1666 			warnx("WARNING: account `%s' will have a uid of 0 "
1667 			    "(superuser access!)", pwd->pw_name);
1668 	}
1669 
1670 	if (grname && pwd->pw_uid != 0) {
1671 		grp = GETGRNAM(grname);
1672 		if (grp == NULL)
1673 			grp = GETGRGID(pw_checkid(grname, GID_MAX));
1674 		if (grp->gr_gid != pwd->pw_gid) {
1675 			pwd->pw_gid = grp->gr_gid;
1676 			edited = true;
1677 		}
1678 	}
1679 
1680 
1681 	if (password_time >= 0 && pwd->pw_change != password_time) {
1682 		pwd->pw_change = password_time;
1683 		edited = true;
1684 	}
1685 
1686 	if (expire_time >= 0 && pwd->pw_expire != expire_time) {
1687 		pwd->pw_expire = expire_time;
1688 		edited = true;
1689 	}
1690 
1691 	if (shell) {
1692 		shell = shell_path(cnf->shelldir, cnf->shells, shell);
1693 		if (shell == NULL)
1694 			shell = "";
1695 		if (strcmp(shell, pwd->pw_shell) != 0) {
1696 			pwd->pw_shell = shell;
1697 			edited = true;
1698 		}
1699 	}
1700 
1701 	if (class && strcmp(pwd->pw_class, class) != 0) {
1702 		pwd->pw_class = class;
1703 		edited = true;
1704 	}
1705 
1706 	if (homedir && strcmp(pwd->pw_dir, homedir) != 0) {
1707 		pwd->pw_dir = homedir;
1708 		edited = true;
1709 		if (fstatat(conf.rootfd, pwd->pw_dir, &st, 0) == -1) {
1710 			if (!createhome)
1711 				warnx("WARNING: home `%s' does not exist",
1712 				    pwd->pw_dir);
1713 		} else if (!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
1714 			warnx("WARNING: home `%s' is not a directory",
1715 			    pwd->pw_dir);
1716 		}
1717 	}
1718 
1719 	if (passwd && conf.fd == -1) {
1720 		lc = login_getpwclass(pwd);
1721 		if (lc == NULL || login_setcryptfmt(lc, "sha512", NULL) == NULL)
1722 			warn("setting crypt(3) format");
1723 		login_close(lc);
1724 		cnf->default_password = passwd_val(passwd,
1725 		    cnf->default_password);
1726 		pwd->pw_passwd = pw_password(cnf, pwd->pw_name);
1727 		edited = true;
1728 	}
1729 
1730 	if (gecos && strcmp(pwd->pw_gecos, gecos) != 0) {
1731 		pwd->pw_gecos = gecos;
1732 		edited = true;
1733 	}
1734 
1735 	if (fd != -1)
1736 		edited = pw_set_passwd(pwd, fd, precrypted, true);
1737 
1738 	if (dryrun)
1739 		return (print_user(pwd, pretty, false));
1740 
1741 	if (edited) /* Only updated this if required */
1742 		perform_chgpwent(name, pwd, nis ? nispasswd : NULL);
1743 	/* Now perform the needed changes concern groups */
1744 	if (groups != NULL) {
1745 		/* Delete User from groups using old name */
1746 		SETGRENT();
1747 		while ((grp = GETGRENT()) != NULL) {
1748 			if (grp->gr_mem == NULL)
1749 				continue;
1750 			for (i = 0; grp->gr_mem[i] != NULL; i++) {
1751 				if (strcmp(grp->gr_mem[i] , name) != 0)
1752 					continue;
1753 				for (j = i; grp->gr_mem[j] != NULL ; j++)
1754 					grp->gr_mem[j] = grp->gr_mem[j+1];
1755 				chggrent(grp->gr_name, grp);
1756 				break;
1757 			}
1758 		}
1759 		ENDGRENT();
1760 		/* Add the user to the needed groups */
1761 		for (i = 0; i < groups->sl_cur; i++) {
1762 			grp = GETGRNAM(groups->sl_str[i]);
1763 			grp = gr_add(grp, pwd->pw_name);
1764 			if (grp == NULL)
1765 				continue;
1766 			chggrent(grp->gr_name, grp);
1767 			free(grp);
1768 		}
1769 	}
1770 	/* In case of rename we need to walk over the different groups */
1771 	if (newname) {
1772 		SETGRENT();
1773 		while ((grp = GETGRENT()) != NULL) {
1774 			if (grp->gr_mem == NULL)
1775 				continue;
1776 			for (i = 0; grp->gr_mem[i] != NULL; i++) {
1777 				if (strcmp(grp->gr_mem[i], name) != 0)
1778 					continue;
1779 				grp->gr_mem[i] = newname;
1780 				chggrent(grp->gr_name, grp);
1781 				break;
1782 			}
1783 		}
1784 	}
1785 
1786 	/* go get a current version of pwd */
1787 	if (newname)
1788 		name = newname;
1789 	pwd = GETPWNAM(name);
1790 	if (pwd == NULL)
1791 		errx(EX_NOUSER, "user '%s' disappeared during update", name);
1792 	grp = GETGRGID(pwd->pw_gid);
1793 	pw_log(cnf, M_UPDATE, W_USER, "%s(%ju):%s(%ju):%s:%s:%s",
1794 	    pwd->pw_name, (uintmax_t)pwd->pw_uid,
1795 	    grp ? grp->gr_name : "unknown",
1796 	    (uintmax_t)(grp ? grp->gr_gid : (uid_t)-1),
1797 	    pwd->pw_gecos, pwd->pw_dir, pwd->pw_shell);
1798 
1799 	/*
1800 	 * Let's create and populate the user's home directory. Note
1801 	 * that this also `works' for editing users if -m is used, but
1802 	 * existing files will *not* be overwritten.
1803 	 */
1804 	if (PWALTDIR() != PWF_ALT && createhome && pwd->pw_dir &&
1805 	    *pwd->pw_dir == '/' && pwd->pw_dir[1]) {
1806 		if (!skel)
1807 			skel = cnf->dotdir;
1808 		if (homemode == 0)
1809 			homemode = cnf->homemode;
1810 		create_and_populate_homedir(cnf, pwd, skel, homemode, true);
1811 	}
1812 
1813 	if (nis && nis_update() == 0)
1814 		pw_log(cnf, M_UPDATE, W_USER, "NIS maps updated");
1815 
1816 	return (EXIT_SUCCESS);
1817 }
1818