xref: /freebsd/usr.sbin/pw/pw_user.c (revision 2830819497fb2deae3dd71574592ace55f2fbdba)
1 /*-
2  * Copyright (C) 1996
3  *	David L. Nugent.  All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7  * are met:
8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13  *
14  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY DAVID L. NUGENT AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
15  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
16  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
17  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL DAVID L. NUGENT OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
18  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
19  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
20  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
21  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
22  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
23  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
24  * SUCH DAMAGE.
25  *
26  */
27 
28 #ifndef lint
29 static const char rcsid[] =
30   "$FreeBSD$";
31 #endif /* not lint */
32 
33 #include <sys/param.h>
34 #include <sys/resource.h>
35 #include <sys/time.h>
36 #include <sys/types.h>
37 
38 #include <ctype.h>
39 #include <dirent.h>
40 #include <err.h>
41 #include <errno.h>
42 #include <fcntl.h>
43 #include <grp.h>
44 #include <pwd.h>
45 #include <libutil.h>
46 #include <login_cap.h>
47 #include <paths.h>
48 #include <string.h>
49 #include <sysexits.h>
50 #include <termios.h>
51 #include <unistd.h>
52 
53 #include "pw.h"
54 #include "bitmap.h"
55 #include "psdate.h"
56 
57 #define LOGNAMESIZE (MAXLOGNAME-1)
58 
59 static		char locked_str[] = "*LOCKED*";
60 
61 static struct passwd fakeuser = {
62 	"nouser",
63 	"*",
64 	-1,
65 	-1,
66 	0,
67 	"",
68 	"User &",
69 	"/nonexistent",
70 	"/bin/sh",
71 	0,
72 	0
73 };
74 
75 static int	 print_user(struct passwd *pwd, bool pretty, bool v7);
76 static uid_t	 pw_uidpolicy(struct userconf *cnf, intmax_t id);
77 static uid_t	 pw_gidpolicy(struct userconf *cnf, char *grname, char *nam,
78     gid_t prefer, bool dryrun);
79 static char	*pw_homepolicy(struct userconf * cnf, char *homedir,
80     const char *user);
81 static char	*pw_shellpolicy(struct userconf * cnf);
82 static char	*pw_password(struct userconf * cnf, char const * user,
83     bool dryrun);
84 static char	*shell_path(char const * path, char *shells[], char *sh);
85 static void	rmat(uid_t uid);
86 static void	rmopie(char const * name);
87 
88 static void
89 mkdir_home_parents(int dfd, const char *dir)
90 {
91 	struct stat st;
92 	char *dirs, *tmp;
93 
94 	if (*dir != '/')
95 		errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid base directory for home '%s'", dir);
96 
97 	dir++;
98 
99 	if (fstatat(dfd, dir, &st, 0) != -1) {
100 		if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
101 			return;
102 		errx(EX_OSFILE, "root home `/%s' is not a directory", dir);
103 	}
104 
105 	dirs = strdup(dir);
106 	if (dirs == NULL)
107 		errx(EX_UNAVAILABLE, "out of memory");
108 
109 	tmp = strrchr(dirs, '/');
110 	if (tmp == NULL) {
111 		free(dirs);
112 		return;
113 	}
114 	tmp[0] = '\0';
115 
116 	/*
117 	 * This is a kludge especially for Joerg :)
118 	 * If the home directory would be created in the root partition, then
119 	 * we really create it under /usr which is likely to have more space.
120 	 * But we create a symlink from cnf->home -> "/usr" -> cnf->home
121 	 */
122 	if (strchr(dirs, '/') == NULL) {
123 		asprintf(&tmp, "usr/%s", dirs);
124 		if (tmp == NULL)
125 			errx(EX_UNAVAILABLE, "out of memory");
126 		if (mkdirat(dfd, tmp, _DEF_DIRMODE) != -1 || errno == EEXIST) {
127 			fchownat(dfd, tmp, 0, 0, 0);
128 			symlinkat(tmp, dfd, dirs);
129 		}
130 		free(tmp);
131 	}
132 	tmp = dirs;
133 	if (fstatat(dfd, dirs, &st, 0) == -1) {
134 		while ((tmp = strchr(tmp + 1, '/')) != NULL) {
135 			*tmp = '\0';
136 			if (fstatat(dfd, dirs, &st, 0) == -1) {
137 				if (mkdirat(dfd, dirs, _DEF_DIRMODE) == -1)
138 					err(EX_OSFILE,  "'%s' (root home parent) is not a directory", dirs);
139 			}
140 			*tmp = '/';
141 		}
142 	}
143 	if (fstatat(dfd, dirs, &st, 0) == -1) {
144 		if (mkdirat(dfd, dirs, _DEF_DIRMODE) == -1)
145 			err(EX_OSFILE,  "'%s' (root home parent) is not a directory", dirs);
146 		fchownat(dfd, dirs, 0, 0, 0);
147 	}
148 
149 	free(dirs);
150 }
151 
152 static void
153 create_and_populate_homedir(struct userconf *cnf, struct passwd *pwd,
154     const char *skeldir, mode_t homemode, bool update)
155 {
156 	int skelfd = -1;
157 
158 	/* Create home parents directories */
159 	mkdir_home_parents(conf.rootfd, pwd->pw_dir);
160 
161 	if (skeldir != NULL && *skeldir != '\0') {
162 		if (*skeldir == '/')
163 			skeldir++;
164 		skelfd = openat(conf.rootfd, skeldir, O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC);
165 	}
166 
167 	copymkdir(conf.rootfd, pwd->pw_dir, skelfd, homemode, pwd->pw_uid,
168 	    pwd->pw_gid, 0);
169 	pw_log(cnf, update ? M_UPDATE : M_ADD, W_USER, "%s(%ju) home %s made",
170 	    pwd->pw_name, (uintmax_t)pwd->pw_uid, pwd->pw_dir);
171 }
172 
173 static int
174 pw_set_passwd(struct passwd *pwd, int fd, bool precrypted, bool update)
175 {
176 	int		 b, istty;
177 	struct termios	 t, n;
178 	login_cap_t	*lc;
179 	char		line[_PASSWORD_LEN+1];
180 	char		*p;
181 
182 	if (fd == '-') {
183 		if (!pwd->pw_passwd || *pwd->pw_passwd != '*') {
184 			pwd->pw_passwd = "*";	/* No access */
185 			return (1);
186 		}
187 		return (0);
188 	}
189 
190 	if ((istty = isatty(fd))) {
191 		if (tcgetattr(fd, &t) == -1)
192 			istty = 0;
193 		else {
194 			n = t;
195 			n.c_lflag &= ~(ECHO);
196 			tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &n);
197 			printf("%s%spassword for user %s:",
198 			    update ? "new " : "",
199 			    precrypted ? "encrypted " : "",
200 			    pwd->pw_name);
201 			fflush(stdout);
202 		}
203 	}
204 	b = read(fd, line, sizeof(line) - 1);
205 	if (istty) {	/* Restore state */
206 		tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &t);
207 		fputc('\n', stdout);
208 		fflush(stdout);
209 	}
210 
211 	if (b < 0)
212 		err(EX_IOERR, "-%c file descriptor",
213 		    precrypted ? 'H' : 'h');
214 	line[b] = '\0';
215 	if ((p = strpbrk(line, "\r\n")) != NULL)
216 		*p = '\0';
217 	if (!*line)
218 		errx(EX_DATAERR, "empty password read on file descriptor %d",
219 		    fd);
220 	if (precrypted) {
221 		if (strchr(line, ':') != NULL)
222 			errx(EX_DATAERR, "bad encrypted password");
223 		pwd->pw_passwd = strdup(line);
224 	} else {
225 		lc = login_getpwclass(pwd);
226 		if (lc == NULL ||
227 				login_setcryptfmt(lc, "sha512", NULL) == NULL)
228 			warn("setting crypt(3) format");
229 		login_close(lc);
230 		pwd->pw_passwd = pw_pwcrypt(line);
231 	}
232 	return (1);
233 }
234 
235 static void
236 perform_chgpwent(const char *name, struct passwd *pwd, char *nispasswd)
237 {
238 	int rc;
239 	struct passwd *nispwd;
240 
241 	/* duplicate for nis so that chgpwent is not modifying before NIS */
242 	if (nispasswd && *nispasswd == '/')
243 		nispwd = pw_dup(pwd);
244 
245 	rc = chgpwent(name, pwd);
246 	if (rc == -1)
247 		errx(EX_IOERR, "user '%s' does not exist (NIS?)", pwd->pw_name);
248 	else if (rc != 0)
249 		err(EX_IOERR, "passwd file update");
250 
251 	if (nispasswd && *nispasswd == '/') {
252 		rc = chgnispwent(nispasswd, name, nispwd);
253 		if (rc == -1)
254 			warn("User '%s' not found in NIS passwd", pwd->pw_name);
255 		else if (rc != 0)
256 			warn("NIS passwd update");
257 		/* NOTE: NIS-only update errors are not fatal */
258 	}
259 }
260 
261 /*
262  * The M_LOCK and M_UNLOCK functions simply add or remove
263  * a "*LOCKED*" prefix from in front of the password to
264  * prevent it decoding correctly, and therefore prevents
265  * access. Of course, this only prevents access via
266  * password authentication (not ssh, kerberos or any
267  * other method that does not use the UNIX password) but
268  * that is a known limitation.
269  */
270 static int
271 pw_userlock(char *arg1, int mode)
272 {
273 	struct passwd *pwd = NULL;
274 	char *passtmp = NULL;
275 	char *name;
276 	bool locked = false;
277 	uid_t id;
278 
279 	if (geteuid() != 0)
280 		errx(EX_NOPERM, "you must be root");
281 
282 	if (arg1 == NULL)
283 		errx(EX_DATAERR, "username or id required");
284 
285 	if (arg1[strspn(arg1, "0123456789")] == '\0') {
286 		id = pw_checkid(arg1, UID_MAX);
287 		name = NULL;
288 	} else
289 		name = arg1;
290 
291 	pwd = (name != NULL) ? GETPWNAM(pw_checkname(name, 0)) : GETPWUID(id);
292 	if (pwd == NULL) {
293 		if (name == NULL)
294 			errx(EX_NOUSER, "no such uid `%ju'", (uintmax_t) id);
295 		errx(EX_NOUSER, "no such user `%s'", name);
296 	}
297 
298 	if (name == NULL)
299 		name = pwd->pw_name;
300 
301 	if (strncmp(pwd->pw_passwd, locked_str, sizeof(locked_str) -1) == 0)
302 		locked = true;
303 	if (mode == M_LOCK && locked)
304 		errx(EX_DATAERR, "user '%s' is already locked", pwd->pw_name);
305 	if (mode == M_UNLOCK && !locked)
306 		errx(EX_DATAERR, "user '%s' is not locked", pwd->pw_name);
307 
308 	if (mode == M_LOCK) {
309 		asprintf(&passtmp, "%s%s", locked_str, pwd->pw_passwd);
310 		if (passtmp == NULL)	/* disaster */
311 			errx(EX_UNAVAILABLE, "out of memory");
312 		pwd->pw_passwd = passtmp;
313 	} else {
314 		pwd->pw_passwd += sizeof(locked_str)-1;
315 	}
316 
317 	perform_chgpwent(name, pwd, NULL);
318 	free(passtmp);
319 
320 	return (EXIT_SUCCESS);
321 }
322 
323 static uid_t
324 pw_uidpolicy(struct userconf * cnf, intmax_t id)
325 {
326 	struct passwd  *pwd;
327 	struct bitmap   bm;
328 	uid_t           uid = (uid_t) - 1;
329 
330 	/*
331 	 * Check the given uid, if any
332 	 */
333 	if (id >= 0) {
334 		uid = (uid_t) id;
335 
336 		if ((pwd = GETPWUID(uid)) != NULL && conf.checkduplicate)
337 			errx(EX_DATAERR, "uid `%ju' has already been allocated",
338 			    (uintmax_t)pwd->pw_uid);
339 		return (uid);
340 	}
341 	/*
342 	 * We need to allocate the next available uid under one of
343 	 * two policies a) Grab the first unused uid b) Grab the
344 	 * highest possible unused uid
345 	 */
346 	if (cnf->min_uid >= cnf->max_uid) {	/* Sanity
347 						 * claus^H^H^H^Hheck */
348 		cnf->min_uid = 1000;
349 		cnf->max_uid = 32000;
350 	}
351 	bm = bm_alloc(cnf->max_uid - cnf->min_uid + 1);
352 
353 	/*
354 	 * Now, let's fill the bitmap from the password file
355 	 */
356 	SETPWENT();
357 	while ((pwd = GETPWENT()) != NULL)
358 		if (pwd->pw_uid >= (uid_t) cnf->min_uid && pwd->pw_uid <= (uid_t) cnf->max_uid)
359 			bm_setbit(&bm, pwd->pw_uid - cnf->min_uid);
360 	ENDPWENT();
361 
362 	/*
363 	 * Then apply the policy, with fallback to reuse if necessary
364 	 */
365 	if (cnf->reuse_uids || (uid = (uid_t) (bm_lastset(&bm) + cnf->min_uid + 1)) > cnf->max_uid)
366 		uid = (uid_t) (bm_firstunset(&bm) + cnf->min_uid);
367 
368 	/*
369 	 * Another sanity check
370 	 */
371 	if (uid < cnf->min_uid || uid > cnf->max_uid)
372 		errx(EX_SOFTWARE, "unable to allocate a new uid - range fully used");
373 	bm_dealloc(&bm);
374 	return (uid);
375 }
376 
377 static uid_t
378 pw_gidpolicy(struct userconf *cnf, char *grname, char *nam, gid_t prefer, bool dryrun)
379 {
380 	struct group   *grp;
381 	gid_t           gid = (uid_t) - 1;
382 
383 	/*
384 	 * Check the given gid, if any
385 	 */
386 	SETGRENT();
387 	if (grname) {
388 		if ((grp = GETGRNAM(grname)) == NULL) {
389 			gid = pw_checkid(grname, GID_MAX);
390 			grp = GETGRGID(gid);
391 		}
392 		gid = grp->gr_gid;
393 	} else if ((grp = GETGRNAM(nam)) != NULL &&
394 	    (grp->gr_mem == NULL || grp->gr_mem[0] == NULL)) {
395 		gid = grp->gr_gid;  /* Already created? Use it anyway... */
396 	} else {
397 		intmax_t		grid = -1;
398 
399 		/*
400 		 * We need to auto-create a group with the user's name. We
401 		 * can send all the appropriate output to our sister routine
402 		 * bit first see if we can create a group with gid==uid so we
403 		 * can keep the user and group ids in sync. We purposely do
404 		 * NOT check the gid range if we can force the sync. If the
405 		 * user's name dups an existing group, then the group add
406 		 * function will happily handle that case for us and exit.
407 		 */
408 		if (GETGRGID(prefer) == NULL)
409 			grid = prefer;
410 		if (dryrun) {
411 			gid = pw_groupnext(cnf, true);
412 		} else {
413 			if (grid == -1)
414 				grid =  pw_groupnext(cnf, true);
415 			groupadd(cnf, nam, grid, NULL, -1, false, false, false);
416 			if ((grp = GETGRNAM(nam)) != NULL)
417 				gid = grp->gr_gid;
418 		}
419 	}
420 	ENDGRENT();
421 	return (gid);
422 }
423 
424 static char *
425 pw_homepolicy(struct userconf * cnf, char *homedir, const char *user)
426 {
427 	static char     home[128];
428 
429 	if (homedir)
430 		return (homedir);
431 
432 	if (cnf->home == NULL || *cnf->home == '\0')
433 		errx(EX_CONFIG, "no base home directory set");
434 	snprintf(home, sizeof(home), "%s/%s", cnf->home, user);
435 
436 	return (home);
437 }
438 
439 static char *
440 shell_path(char const * path, char *shells[], char *sh)
441 {
442 	if (sh != NULL && (*sh == '/' || *sh == '\0'))
443 		return sh;	/* specified full path or forced none */
444 	else {
445 		char           *p;
446 		char            paths[_UC_MAXLINE];
447 
448 		/*
449 		 * We need to search paths
450 		 */
451 		strlcpy(paths, path, sizeof(paths));
452 		for (p = strtok(paths, ": \t\r\n"); p != NULL; p = strtok(NULL, ": \t\r\n")) {
453 			int             i;
454 			static char     shellpath[256];
455 
456 			if (sh != NULL) {
457 				snprintf(shellpath, sizeof(shellpath), "%s/%s", p, sh);
458 				if (access(shellpath, X_OK) == 0)
459 					return shellpath;
460 			} else
461 				for (i = 0; i < _UC_MAXSHELLS && shells[i] != NULL; i++) {
462 					snprintf(shellpath, sizeof(shellpath), "%s/%s", p, shells[i]);
463 					if (access(shellpath, X_OK) == 0)
464 						return shellpath;
465 				}
466 		}
467 		if (sh == NULL)
468 			errx(EX_OSFILE, "can't find shell `%s' in shell paths", sh);
469 		errx(EX_CONFIG, "no default shell available or defined");
470 		return NULL;
471 	}
472 }
473 
474 static char *
475 pw_shellpolicy(struct userconf * cnf)
476 {
477 
478 	return shell_path(cnf->shelldir, cnf->shells, cnf->shell_default);
479 }
480 
481 #define	SALTSIZE	32
482 
483 static char const chars[] = "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ./";
484 
485 char *
486 pw_pwcrypt(char *password)
487 {
488 	int             i;
489 	char            salt[SALTSIZE + 1];
490 	char		*cryptpw;
491 	static char     buf[256];
492 
493 	/*
494 	 * Calculate a salt value
495 	 */
496 	for (i = 0; i < SALTSIZE; i++)
497 		salt[i] = chars[arc4random_uniform(sizeof(chars) - 1)];
498 	salt[SALTSIZE] = '\0';
499 
500 	cryptpw = crypt(password, salt);
501 	if (cryptpw == NULL)
502 		errx(EX_CONFIG, "crypt(3) failure");
503 	return strcpy(buf, cryptpw);
504 }
505 
506 static char *
507 pw_password(struct userconf * cnf, char const * user, bool dryrun)
508 {
509 	int             i, l;
510 	char            pwbuf[32];
511 
512 	switch (cnf->default_password) {
513 	case -1:		/* Random password */
514 		l = (arc4random() % 8 + 8);	/* 8 - 16 chars */
515 		for (i = 0; i < l; i++)
516 			pwbuf[i] = chars[arc4random_uniform(sizeof(chars)-1)];
517 		pwbuf[i] = '\0';
518 
519 		/*
520 		 * We give this information back to the user
521 		 */
522 		if (conf.fd == -1 && !dryrun) {
523 			if (isatty(STDOUT_FILENO))
524 				printf("Password for '%s' is: ", user);
525 			printf("%s\n", pwbuf);
526 			fflush(stdout);
527 		}
528 		break;
529 
530 	case -2:		/* No password at all! */
531 		return "";
532 
533 	case 0:		/* No login - default */
534 	default:
535 		return "*";
536 
537 	case 1:		/* user's name */
538 		strlcpy(pwbuf, user, sizeof(pwbuf));
539 		break;
540 	}
541 	return pw_pwcrypt(pwbuf);
542 }
543 
544 static int
545 print_user(struct passwd * pwd, bool pretty, bool v7)
546 {
547 	int		j;
548 	char           *p;
549 	struct group   *grp = GETGRGID(pwd->pw_gid);
550 	char            uname[60] = "User &", office[60] = "[None]",
551 			wphone[60] = "[None]", hphone[60] = "[None]";
552 	char		acexpire[32] = "[None]", pwexpire[32] = "[None]";
553 	struct tm *    tptr;
554 
555 	if (!pretty) {
556 		p = v7 ? pw_make_v7(pwd) : pw_make(pwd);
557 		printf("%s\n", p);
558 		free(p);
559 		return (EXIT_SUCCESS);
560 	}
561 
562 	if ((p = strtok(pwd->pw_gecos, ",")) != NULL) {
563 		strlcpy(uname, p, sizeof(uname));
564 		if ((p = strtok(NULL, ",")) != NULL) {
565 			strlcpy(office, p, sizeof(office));
566 			if ((p = strtok(NULL, ",")) != NULL) {
567 				strlcpy(wphone, p, sizeof(wphone));
568 				if ((p = strtok(NULL, "")) != NULL) {
569 					strlcpy(hphone, p, sizeof(hphone));
570 				}
571 			}
572 		}
573 	}
574 	/*
575 	 * Handle '&' in gecos field
576 	 */
577 	if ((p = strchr(uname, '&')) != NULL) {
578 		int             l = strlen(pwd->pw_name);
579 		int             m = strlen(p);
580 
581 		memmove(p + l, p + 1, m);
582 		memmove(p, pwd->pw_name, l);
583 		*p = (char) toupper((unsigned char)*p);
584 	}
585 	if (pwd->pw_expire > (time_t)0 && (tptr = localtime(&pwd->pw_expire)) != NULL)
586 		strftime(acexpire, sizeof acexpire, "%c", tptr);
587 		if (pwd->pw_change > (time_t)0 && (tptr = localtime(&pwd->pw_change)) != NULL)
588 		strftime(pwexpire, sizeof pwexpire, "%c", tptr);
589 	printf("Login Name: %-15s   #%-12ju Group: %-15s   #%ju\n"
590 	       " Full Name: %s\n"
591 	       "      Home: %-26.26s      Class: %s\n"
592 	       "     Shell: %-26.26s     Office: %s\n"
593 	       "Work Phone: %-26.26s Home Phone: %s\n"
594 	       "Acc Expire: %-26.26s Pwd Expire: %s\n",
595 	       pwd->pw_name, (uintmax_t)pwd->pw_uid,
596 	       grp ? grp->gr_name : "(invalid)", (uintmax_t)pwd->pw_gid,
597 	       uname, pwd->pw_dir, pwd->pw_class,
598 	       pwd->pw_shell, office, wphone, hphone,
599 	       acexpire, pwexpire);
600         SETGRENT();
601 	j = 0;
602 	while ((grp=GETGRENT()) != NULL) {
603 		int     i = 0;
604 		if (grp->gr_mem != NULL) {
605 			while (grp->gr_mem[i] != NULL) {
606 				if (strcmp(grp->gr_mem[i], pwd->pw_name)==0) {
607 					printf(j++ == 0 ? "    Groups: %s" : ",%s", grp->gr_name);
608 					break;
609 				}
610 				++i;
611 			}
612 		}
613 	}
614 	ENDGRENT();
615 	printf("%s", j ? "\n" : "");
616 	return (EXIT_SUCCESS);
617 }
618 
619 char *
620 pw_checkname(char *name, int gecos)
621 {
622 	char showch[8];
623 	const char *badchars, *ch, *showtype;
624 	int reject;
625 
626 	ch = name;
627 	reject = 0;
628 	if (gecos) {
629 		/* See if the name is valid as a gecos (comment) field. */
630 		badchars = ":!@";
631 		showtype = "gecos field";
632 	} else {
633 		/* See if the name is valid as a userid or group. */
634 		badchars = " ,\t:+&#%$^()!@~*?<>=|\\/\"";
635 		showtype = "userid/group name";
636 		/* Userids and groups can not have a leading '-'. */
637 		if (*ch == '-')
638 			reject = 1;
639 	}
640 	if (!reject) {
641 		while (*ch) {
642 			if (strchr(badchars, *ch) != NULL || *ch < ' ' ||
643 			    *ch == 127) {
644 				reject = 1;
645 				break;
646 			}
647 			/* 8-bit characters are only allowed in GECOS fields */
648 			if (!gecos && (*ch & 0x80)) {
649 				reject = 1;
650 				break;
651 			}
652 			ch++;
653 		}
654 	}
655 	/*
656 	 * A `$' is allowed as the final character for userids and groups,
657 	 * mainly for the benefit of samba.
658 	 */
659 	if (reject && !gecos) {
660 		if (*ch == '$' && *(ch + 1) == '\0') {
661 			reject = 0;
662 			ch++;
663 		}
664 	}
665 	if (reject) {
666 		snprintf(showch, sizeof(showch), (*ch >= ' ' && *ch < 127)
667 		    ? "`%c'" : "0x%02x", *ch);
668 		errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid character %s at position %td in %s",
669 		    showch, (ch - name), showtype);
670 	}
671 	if (!gecos && (ch - name) > LOGNAMESIZE)
672 		errx(EX_USAGE, "name too long `%s' (max is %d)", name,
673 		    LOGNAMESIZE);
674 
675 	return (name);
676 }
677 
678 static void
679 rmat(uid_t uid)
680 {
681 	DIR            *d = opendir("/var/at/jobs");
682 
683 	if (d != NULL) {
684 		struct dirent  *e;
685 
686 		while ((e = readdir(d)) != NULL) {
687 			struct stat     st;
688 
689 			if (strncmp(e->d_name, ".lock", 5) != 0 &&
690 			    stat(e->d_name, &st) == 0 &&
691 			    !S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) &&
692 			    st.st_uid == uid) {
693 				char            tmp[MAXPATHLEN];
694 
695 				snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "/usr/bin/atrm %s",
696 				    e->d_name);
697 				system(tmp);
698 			}
699 		}
700 		closedir(d);
701 	}
702 }
703 
704 static void
705 rmopie(char const * name)
706 {
707 	char tmp[1014];
708 	FILE *fp;
709 	int fd;
710 	size_t len;
711 	off_t	atofs = 0;
712 
713 	if ((fd = openat(conf.rootfd, "etc/opiekeys", O_RDWR)) == -1)
714 		return;
715 
716 	fp = fdopen(fd, "r+");
717 	len = strlen(name);
718 
719 	while (fgets(tmp, sizeof(tmp), fp) != NULL) {
720 		if (strncmp(name, tmp, len) == 0 && tmp[len]==' ') {
721 			/* Comment username out */
722 			if (fseek(fp, atofs, SEEK_SET) == 0)
723 				fwrite("#", 1, 1, fp);
724 			break;
725 		}
726 		atofs = ftell(fp);
727 	}
728 	/*
729 	 * If we got an error of any sort, don't update!
730 	 */
731 	fclose(fp);
732 }
733 
734 int
735 pw_user_next(int argc, char **argv, char *name __unused)
736 {
737 	struct userconf *cnf = NULL;
738 	const char *cfg = NULL;
739 	int ch;
740 	bool quiet = false;
741 	uid_t next;
742 
743 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "Cq")) != -1) {
744 		switch (ch) {
745 		case 'C':
746 			cfg = optarg;
747 			break;
748 		case 'q':
749 			quiet = true;
750 			break;
751 		}
752 	}
753 
754 	if (quiet)
755 		freopen(_PATH_DEVNULL, "w", stderr);
756 
757 	cnf = get_userconfig(cfg);
758 
759 	next = pw_uidpolicy(cnf, -1);
760 
761 	printf("%ju:", (uintmax_t)next);
762 	pw_groupnext(cnf, quiet);
763 
764 	return (EXIT_SUCCESS);
765 }
766 
767 int
768 pw_user_show(int argc, char **argv, char *arg1)
769 {
770 	struct passwd *pwd = NULL;
771 	char *name = NULL;
772 	intmax_t id = -1;
773 	int ch;
774 	bool all = false;
775 	bool pretty = false;
776 	bool force = false;
777 	bool v7 = false;
778 	bool quiet = false;
779 
780 	if (arg1 != NULL) {
781 		if (arg1[strspn(arg1, "0123456789")] == '\0')
782 			id = pw_checkid(arg1, UID_MAX);
783 		else
784 			name = arg1;
785 	}
786 
787 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "C:qn:u:FPa7")) != -1) {
788 		switch (ch) {
789 		case 'C':
790 			/* ignore compatibility */
791 			break;
792 		case 'q':
793 			quiet = true;
794 			break;
795 		case 'n':
796 			name = optarg;
797 			break;
798 		case 'u':
799 			id = pw_checkid(optarg, UID_MAX);
800 			break;
801 		case 'F':
802 			force = true;
803 			break;
804 		case 'P':
805 			pretty = true;
806 			break;
807 		case 'a':
808 			all = true;
809 			break;
810 		case '7':
811 			v7 = true;
812 			break;
813 		}
814 	}
815 
816 	if (quiet)
817 		freopen(_PATH_DEVNULL, "w", stderr);
818 
819 	if (all) {
820 		SETPWENT();
821 		while ((pwd = GETPWENT()) != NULL)
822 			print_user(pwd, pretty, v7);
823 		ENDPWENT();
824 		return (EXIT_SUCCESS);
825 	}
826 
827 	if (id < 0 && name == NULL)
828 		errx(EX_DATAERR, "username or id required");
829 
830 	pwd = (name != NULL) ? GETPWNAM(pw_checkname(name, 0)) : GETPWUID(id);
831 	if (pwd == NULL) {
832 		if (force) {
833 			pwd = &fakeuser;
834 		} else {
835 			if (name == NULL)
836 				errx(EX_NOUSER, "no such uid `%ju'",
837 				    (uintmax_t) id);
838 			errx(EX_NOUSER, "no such user `%s'", name);
839 		}
840 	}
841 
842 	return (print_user(pwd, pretty, v7));
843 }
844 
845 int
846 pw_user_del(int argc, char **argv, char *arg1)
847 {
848 	struct userconf *cnf = NULL;
849 	struct passwd *pwd = NULL;
850 	struct group *gr, *grp;
851 	char *name = NULL;
852 	char grname[MAXLOGNAME];
853 	char *nispasswd = NULL;
854 	char file[MAXPATHLEN];
855 	char home[MAXPATHLEN];
856 	const char *cfg = NULL;
857 	struct stat st;
858 	intmax_t id = -1;
859 	int ch, rc;
860 	bool nis = false;
861 	bool deletehome = false;
862 	bool quiet = false;
863 
864 	if (arg1 != NULL) {
865 		if (arg1[strspn(arg1, "0123456789")] == '\0')
866 			id = pw_checkid(arg1, UID_MAX);
867 		else
868 			name = arg1;
869 	}
870 
871 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "C:qn:u:rYy:")) != -1) {
872 		switch (ch) {
873 		case 'C':
874 			cfg = optarg;
875 			break;
876 		case 'q':
877 			quiet = true;
878 			break;
879 		case 'n':
880 			name = optarg;
881 			break;
882 		case 'u':
883 			id = pw_checkid(optarg, UID_MAX);
884 			break;
885 		case 'r':
886 			deletehome = true;
887 			break;
888 		case 'y':
889 			nispasswd = optarg;
890 			break;
891 		case 'Y':
892 			nis = true;
893 			break;
894 		}
895 	}
896 
897 	if (quiet)
898 		freopen(_PATH_DEVNULL, "w", stderr);
899 
900 	if (id < 0 && name == NULL)
901 		errx(EX_DATAERR, "username or id required");
902 
903 	cnf = get_userconfig(cfg);
904 
905 	if (nispasswd == NULL)
906 		nispasswd = cnf->nispasswd;
907 
908 	pwd = (name != NULL) ? GETPWNAM(pw_checkname(name, 0)) : GETPWUID(id);
909 	if (pwd == NULL) {
910 		if (name == NULL)
911 			errx(EX_NOUSER, "no such uid `%ju'", (uintmax_t) id);
912 		errx(EX_NOUSER, "no such user `%s'", name);
913 	}
914 
915 	if (PWF._altdir == PWF_REGULAR &&
916 	    ((pwd->pw_fields & _PWF_SOURCE) != _PWF_FILES)) {
917 		if ((pwd->pw_fields & _PWF_SOURCE) == _PWF_NIS) {
918 			if (!nis && nispasswd && *nispasswd != '/')
919 				errx(EX_NOUSER, "Cannot remove NIS user `%s'",
920 				    name);
921 		} else {
922 			errx(EX_NOUSER, "Cannot remove non local user `%s'",
923 			    name);
924 		}
925 	}
926 
927 	id = pwd->pw_uid;
928 	if (name == NULL)
929 		name = pwd->pw_name;
930 
931 	if (strcmp(pwd->pw_name, "root") == 0)
932 		errx(EX_DATAERR, "cannot remove user 'root'");
933 
934 	/* Remove opie record from /etc/opiekeys */
935 	if (PWALTDIR() != PWF_ALT)
936 		rmopie(pwd->pw_name);
937 
938 	if (!PWALTDIR()) {
939 		/* Remove crontabs */
940 		snprintf(file, sizeof(file), "/var/cron/tabs/%s", pwd->pw_name);
941 		if (access(file, F_OK) == 0) {
942 			snprintf(file, sizeof(file), "crontab -u %s -r",
943 			    pwd->pw_name);
944 			system(file);
945 		}
946 	}
947 
948 	/*
949 	 * Save these for later, since contents of pwd may be
950 	 * invalidated by deletion
951 	 */
952 	snprintf(file, sizeof(file), "%s/%s", _PATH_MAILDIR, pwd->pw_name);
953 	strlcpy(home, pwd->pw_dir, sizeof(home));
954 	gr = GETGRGID(pwd->pw_gid);
955 	if (gr != NULL)
956 		strlcpy(grname, gr->gr_name, LOGNAMESIZE);
957 	else
958 		grname[0] = '\0';
959 
960 	rc = delpwent(pwd);
961 	if (rc == -1)
962 		err(EX_IOERR, "user '%s' does not exist", pwd->pw_name);
963 	else if (rc != 0)
964 		err(EX_IOERR, "passwd update");
965 
966 	if (nis && nispasswd && *nispasswd=='/') {
967 		rc = delnispwent(nispasswd, name);
968 		if (rc == -1)
969 			warnx("WARNING: user '%s' does not exist in NIS passwd",
970 			    pwd->pw_name);
971 		else if (rc != 0)
972 			warn("WARNING: NIS passwd update");
973 	}
974 
975 	grp = GETGRNAM(name);
976 	if (grp != NULL &&
977 	    (grp->gr_mem == NULL || *grp->gr_mem == NULL) &&
978 	    strcmp(name, grname) == 0)
979 		delgrent(GETGRNAM(name));
980 	SETGRENT();
981 	while ((grp = GETGRENT()) != NULL) {
982 		int i, j;
983 		char group[MAXLOGNAME];
984 		if (grp->gr_mem == NULL)
985 			continue;
986 
987 		for (i = 0; grp->gr_mem[i] != NULL; i++) {
988 			if (strcmp(grp->gr_mem[i], name) != 0)
989 				continue;
990 
991 			for (j = i; grp->gr_mem[j] != NULL; j++)
992 				grp->gr_mem[j] = grp->gr_mem[j+1];
993 			strlcpy(group, grp->gr_name, MAXLOGNAME);
994 			chggrent(group, grp);
995 		}
996 	}
997 	ENDGRENT();
998 
999 	pw_log(cnf, M_DELETE, W_USER, "%s(%ju) account removed", name,
1000 	    (uintmax_t)id);
1001 
1002 	/* Remove mail file */
1003 	if (PWALTDIR() != PWF_ALT)
1004 		unlinkat(conf.rootfd, file + 1, 0);
1005 
1006 	/* Remove at jobs */
1007 	if (!PWALTDIR() && getpwuid(id) == NULL)
1008 		rmat(id);
1009 
1010 	/* Remove home directory and contents */
1011 	if (PWALTDIR() != PWF_ALT && deletehome && *home == '/' &&
1012 	    GETPWUID(id) == NULL &&
1013 	    fstatat(conf.rootfd, home + 1, &st, 0) != -1) {
1014 		rm_r(conf.rootfd, home, id);
1015 		pw_log(cnf, M_DELETE, W_USER, "%s(%ju) home '%s' %s"
1016 		    "removed", name, (uintmax_t)id, home,
1017 		     fstatat(conf.rootfd, home + 1, &st, 0) == -1 ? "" : "not "
1018 		     "completely ");
1019 	}
1020 
1021 	return (EXIT_SUCCESS);
1022 }
1023 
1024 int
1025 pw_user_lock(int argc, char **argv, char *arg1)
1026 {
1027 	int ch;
1028 
1029 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "Cq")) != -1) {
1030 		switch (ch) {
1031 		case 'C':
1032 		case 'q':
1033 			/* compatibility */
1034 			break;
1035 		}
1036 	}
1037 
1038 	return (pw_userlock(arg1, M_LOCK));
1039 }
1040 
1041 int
1042 pw_user_unlock(int argc, char **argv, char *arg1)
1043 {
1044 	int ch;
1045 
1046 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "Cq")) != -1) {
1047 		switch (ch) {
1048 		case 'C':
1049 		case 'q':
1050 			/* compatibility */
1051 			break;
1052 		}
1053 	}
1054 
1055 	return (pw_userlock(arg1, M_UNLOCK));
1056 }
1057 
1058 static struct group *
1059 group_from_name_or_id(char *name)
1060 {
1061 	const char *errstr = NULL;
1062 	struct group *grp;
1063 	uintmax_t id;
1064 
1065 	if ((grp = GETGRNAM(name)) == NULL) {
1066 		id = strtounum(name, 0, GID_MAX, &errstr);
1067 		if (errstr)
1068 			errx(EX_NOUSER, "group `%s' does not exist", name);
1069 		grp = GETGRGID(id);
1070 		if (grp == NULL)
1071 			errx(EX_NOUSER, "group `%s' does not exist", name);
1072 	}
1073 
1074 	return (grp);
1075 }
1076 
1077 static void
1078 split_groups(StringList **groups, char *groupsstr)
1079 {
1080 	struct group *grp;
1081 	char *p;
1082 	char tok[] = ", \t";
1083 
1084 	for (p = strtok(groupsstr, tok); p != NULL; p = strtok(NULL, tok)) {
1085 		grp = group_from_name_or_id(p);
1086 		if (*groups == NULL)
1087 			*groups = sl_init();
1088 		sl_add(*groups, newstr(grp->gr_name));
1089 	}
1090 }
1091 
1092 static void
1093 validate_grname(struct userconf *cnf, char *group)
1094 {
1095 	struct group *grp;
1096 
1097 	if (group == NULL || *group == '\0') {
1098 		cnf->default_group = "";
1099 		return;
1100 	}
1101 	grp = group_from_name_or_id(group);
1102 	cnf->default_group = newstr(grp->gr_name);
1103 }
1104 
1105 static mode_t
1106 validate_mode(char *mode)
1107 {
1108 	mode_t m;
1109 	void *set;
1110 
1111 	if ((set = setmode(mode)) == NULL)
1112 		errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid directory creation mode '%s'", mode);
1113 
1114 	m = getmode(set, _DEF_DIRMODE);
1115 	free(set);
1116 	return (m);
1117 }
1118 
1119 static void
1120 mix_config(struct userconf *cmdcnf, struct userconf *cfg)
1121 {
1122 
1123 	if (cmdcnf->default_password == 0)
1124 		cmdcnf->default_password = cfg->default_password;
1125 	if (cmdcnf->reuse_uids == 0)
1126 		cmdcnf->reuse_uids = cfg->reuse_uids;
1127 	if (cmdcnf->reuse_gids == 0)
1128 		cmdcnf->reuse_gids = cfg->reuse_gids;
1129 	if (cmdcnf->nispasswd == NULL)
1130 		cmdcnf->nispasswd = cfg->nispasswd;
1131 	if (cmdcnf->dotdir == NULL)
1132 		cmdcnf->dotdir = cfg->dotdir;
1133 	if (cmdcnf->newmail == NULL)
1134 		cmdcnf->newmail = cfg->newmail;
1135 	if (cmdcnf->logfile == NULL)
1136 		cmdcnf->logfile = cfg->logfile;
1137 	if (cmdcnf->home == NULL)
1138 		cmdcnf->home = cfg->home;
1139 	if (cmdcnf->homemode == 0)
1140 		cmdcnf->homemode = cfg->homemode;
1141 	if (cmdcnf->shelldir == NULL)
1142 		cmdcnf->shelldir = cfg->shelldir;
1143 	if (cmdcnf->shells == NULL)
1144 		cmdcnf->shells = cfg->shells;
1145 	if (cmdcnf->shell_default == NULL)
1146 		cmdcnf->shell_default = cfg->shell_default;
1147 	if (cmdcnf->default_group == NULL)
1148 		cmdcnf->default_group = cfg->default_group;
1149 	if (cmdcnf->groups == NULL)
1150 		cmdcnf->groups = cfg->groups;
1151 	if (cmdcnf->default_class == NULL)
1152 		cmdcnf->default_class = cfg->default_class;
1153 	if (cmdcnf->min_uid == 0)
1154 		cmdcnf->min_uid = cfg->min_uid;
1155 	if (cmdcnf->max_uid == 0)
1156 		cmdcnf->max_uid = cfg->max_uid;
1157 	if (cmdcnf->min_gid == 0)
1158 		cmdcnf->min_gid = cfg->min_gid;
1159 	if (cmdcnf->max_gid == 0)
1160 		cmdcnf->max_gid = cfg->max_gid;
1161 	if (cmdcnf->expire_days == 0)
1162 		cmdcnf->expire_days = cfg->expire_days;
1163 	if (cmdcnf->password_days == 0)
1164 		cmdcnf->password_days = cfg->password_days;
1165 }
1166 
1167 int
1168 pw_user_add(int argc, char **argv, char *arg1)
1169 {
1170 	struct userconf *cnf, *cmdcnf;
1171 	struct passwd *pwd;
1172 	struct group *grp;
1173 	struct stat st;
1174 	char args[] = "C:qn:u:c:d:e:p:g:G:mM:k:s:oL:i:w:h:H:Db:NPy:Y";
1175 	char line[_PASSWORD_LEN+1], path[MAXPATHLEN];
1176 	char *gecos, *homedir, *skel, *walk, *userid, *groupid, *grname;
1177 	char *default_passwd, *name, *p;
1178 	const char *cfg;
1179 	login_cap_t *lc;
1180 	FILE *pfp, *fp;
1181 	intmax_t id = -1;
1182 	time_t now;
1183 	int rc, ch, fd = -1;
1184 	size_t i;
1185 	bool dryrun, nis, pretty, quiet, createhome, precrypted, genconf;
1186 
1187 	dryrun = nis = pretty = quiet = createhome = precrypted = false;
1188 	genconf = false;
1189 	gecos = homedir = skel = userid = groupid = default_passwd = NULL;
1190 	grname = name = NULL;
1191 
1192 	if ((cmdcnf = calloc(1, sizeof(struct userconf))) == NULL)
1193 		err(EXIT_FAILURE, "calloc()");
1194 
1195 	if (arg1 != NULL) {
1196 		if (arg1[strspn(arg1, "0123456789")] == '\0')
1197 			id = pw_checkid(arg1, UID_MAX);
1198 		else
1199 			name = arg1;
1200 	}
1201 
1202 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, args)) != -1) {
1203 		switch (ch) {
1204 		case 'C':
1205 			cfg = optarg;
1206 			break;
1207 		case 'q':
1208 			quiet = true;
1209 			break;
1210 		case 'n':
1211 			name = optarg;
1212 			break;
1213 		case 'u':
1214 			userid = optarg;
1215 			break;
1216 		case 'c':
1217 			gecos = pw_checkname(optarg, 1);
1218 			break;
1219 		case 'd':
1220 			homedir = optarg;
1221 			break;
1222 		case 'e':
1223 			now = time(NULL);
1224 			cmdcnf->expire_days = parse_date(now, optarg);
1225 			break;
1226 		case 'p':
1227 			now = time(NULL);
1228 			cmdcnf->password_days = parse_date(now, optarg);
1229 			break;
1230 		case 'g':
1231 			validate_grname(cmdcnf, optarg);
1232 			grname = optarg;
1233 			break;
1234 		case 'G':
1235 			split_groups(&cmdcnf->groups, optarg);
1236 			break;
1237 		case 'm':
1238 			createhome = true;
1239 			break;
1240 		case 'M':
1241 			cmdcnf->homemode = validate_mode(optarg);
1242 			break;
1243 		case 'k':
1244 			walk = skel = optarg;
1245 			if (*walk == '/')
1246 				walk++;
1247 			if (fstatat(conf.rootfd, walk, &st, 0) == -1)
1248 				errx(EX_OSFILE, "skeleton `%s' does not "
1249 				    "exists", skel);
1250 			if (!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
1251 				errx(EX_OSFILE, "skeleton `%s' is not a "
1252 				    "directory", skel);
1253 			cmdcnf->dotdir = skel;
1254 			break;
1255 		case 's':
1256 			cmdcnf->shell_default = optarg;
1257 			break;
1258 		case 'o':
1259 			conf.checkduplicate = false;
1260 			break;
1261 		case 'L':
1262 			cmdcnf->default_class = pw_checkname(optarg, 0);
1263 			break;
1264 		case 'i':
1265 			groupid = optarg;
1266 			break;
1267 		case 'w':
1268 			default_passwd = optarg;
1269 			break;
1270 		case 'H':
1271 			if (fd != -1)
1272 				errx(EX_USAGE, "'-h' and '-H' are mutually "
1273 				    "exclusive options");
1274 			fd = pw_checkfd(optarg);
1275 			precrypted = true;
1276 			if (fd == '-')
1277 				errx(EX_USAGE, "-H expects a file descriptor");
1278 			break;
1279 		case 'h':
1280 			if (fd != -1)
1281 				errx(EX_USAGE, "'-h' and '-H' are mutually "
1282 				    "exclusive options");
1283 			fd = pw_checkfd(optarg);
1284 			break;
1285 		case 'D':
1286 			genconf = true;
1287 			break;
1288 		case 'b':
1289 			cmdcnf->home = optarg;
1290 			break;
1291 		case 'N':
1292 			dryrun = true;
1293 			break;
1294 		case 'P':
1295 			pretty = true;
1296 			break;
1297 		case 'y':
1298 			cmdcnf->nispasswd = optarg;
1299 			break;
1300 		case 'Y':
1301 			nis = true;
1302 			break;
1303 		}
1304 	}
1305 
1306 	if (geteuid() != 0 && ! dryrun)
1307 		errx(EX_NOPERM, "you must be root");
1308 
1309 	if (quiet)
1310 		freopen(_PATH_DEVNULL, "w", stderr);
1311 
1312 	cnf = get_userconfig(cfg);
1313 
1314 	mix_config(cmdcnf, cnf);
1315 	if (default_passwd)
1316 		cmdcnf->default_password = boolean_val(default_passwd,
1317 		    cnf->default_password);
1318 	if (genconf) {
1319 		if (name != NULL)
1320 			errx(EX_DATAERR, "can't combine `-D' with `-n name'");
1321 		if (userid != NULL) {
1322 			if ((p = strtok(userid, ", \t")) != NULL)
1323 				cmdcnf->min_uid = pw_checkid(p, UID_MAX);
1324 			if (cmdcnf->min_uid == 0)
1325 				cmdcnf->min_uid = 1000;
1326 			if ((p = strtok(NULL, " ,\t")) != NULL)
1327 				cmdcnf->max_uid = pw_checkid(p, UID_MAX);
1328 			if (cmdcnf->max_uid == 0)
1329 				cmdcnf->max_uid = 32000;
1330 		}
1331 		if (groupid != NULL) {
1332 			if ((p = strtok(groupid, ", \t")) != NULL)
1333 				cmdcnf->min_gid = pw_checkid(p, GID_MAX);
1334 			if (cmdcnf->min_gid == 0)
1335 				cmdcnf->min_gid = 1000;
1336 			if ((p = strtok(NULL, " ,\t")) != NULL)
1337 				cmdcnf->max_gid = pw_checkid(p, GID_MAX);
1338 			if (cmdcnf->max_gid == 0)
1339 				cmdcnf->max_gid = 32000;
1340 		}
1341 		if (write_userconfig(cmdcnf, cfg))
1342 			return (EXIT_SUCCESS);
1343 		err(EX_IOERR, "config update");
1344 	}
1345 
1346 	if (userid)
1347 		id = pw_checkid(userid, UID_MAX);
1348 	if (id < 0 && name == NULL)
1349 		errx(EX_DATAERR, "user name or id required");
1350 
1351 	if (name == NULL)
1352 		errx(EX_DATAERR, "login name required");
1353 
1354 	if (GETPWNAM(name) != NULL)
1355 		errx(EX_DATAERR, "login name `%s' already exists", name);
1356 
1357 	pwd = &fakeuser;
1358 	pwd->pw_name = name;
1359 	pwd->pw_class = cmdcnf->default_class ? cmdcnf->default_class : "";
1360 	pwd->pw_uid = pw_uidpolicy(cmdcnf, id);
1361 	pwd->pw_gid = pw_gidpolicy(cnf, grname, pwd->pw_name,
1362 	    (gid_t) pwd->pw_uid, dryrun);
1363 	pwd->pw_change = cmdcnf->password_days;
1364 	pwd->pw_expire = cmdcnf->expire_days;
1365 	pwd->pw_dir = pw_homepolicy(cmdcnf, homedir, pwd->pw_name);
1366 	pwd->pw_shell = pw_shellpolicy(cmdcnf);
1367 	lc = login_getpwclass(pwd);
1368 	if (lc == NULL || login_setcryptfmt(lc, "sha512", NULL) == NULL)
1369 		warn("setting crypt(3) format");
1370 	login_close(lc);
1371 	pwd->pw_passwd = pw_password(cmdcnf, pwd->pw_name, dryrun);
1372 	if (pwd->pw_uid == 0 && strcmp(pwd->pw_name, "root") != 0)
1373 		warnx("WARNING: new account `%s' has a uid of 0 "
1374 		    "(superuser access!)", pwd->pw_name);
1375 	if (gecos)
1376 		pwd->pw_gecos = gecos;
1377 
1378 	if (fd != -1)
1379 		pw_set_passwd(pwd, fd, precrypted, false);
1380 
1381 	if (dryrun)
1382 		return (print_user(pwd, pretty, false));
1383 
1384 	if ((rc = addpwent(pwd)) != 0) {
1385 		if (rc == -1)
1386 			errx(EX_IOERR, "user '%s' already exists",
1387 			    pwd->pw_name);
1388 		else if (rc != 0)
1389 			err(EX_IOERR, "passwd file update");
1390 	}
1391 	if (nis && cmdcnf->nispasswd && *cmdcnf->nispasswd == '/') {
1392 		printf("%s\n", cmdcnf->nispasswd);
1393 		rc = addnispwent(cmdcnf->nispasswd, pwd);
1394 		if (rc == -1)
1395 			warnx("User '%s' already exists in NIS passwd",
1396 			    pwd->pw_name);
1397 		else if (rc != 0)
1398 			warn("NIS passwd update");
1399 		/* NOTE: we treat NIS-only update errors as non-fatal */
1400 	}
1401 
1402 	if (cmdcnf->groups != NULL) {
1403 		for (i = 0; i < cmdcnf->groups->sl_cur; i++) {
1404 			grp = GETGRNAM(cmdcnf->groups->sl_str[i]);
1405 			grp = gr_add(grp, pwd->pw_name);
1406 			/*
1407 			 * grp can only be NULL in 2 cases:
1408 			 * - the new member is already a member
1409 			 * - a problem with memory occurs
1410 			 * in both cases we want to skip now.
1411 			 */
1412 			if (grp == NULL)
1413 				continue;
1414 			chggrent(grp->gr_name, grp);
1415 			free(grp);
1416 		}
1417 	}
1418 
1419 	pwd = GETPWNAM(name);
1420 	if (pwd == NULL)
1421 		errx(EX_NOUSER, "user '%s' disappeared during update", name);
1422 
1423 	grp = GETGRGID(pwd->pw_gid);
1424 	pw_log(cnf, M_ADD, W_USER, "%s(%ju):%s(%ju):%s:%s:%s",
1425 	       pwd->pw_name, (uintmax_t)pwd->pw_uid,
1426 	    grp ? grp->gr_name : "unknown",
1427 	       (uintmax_t)(grp ? grp->gr_gid : (uid_t)-1),
1428 	       pwd->pw_gecos, pwd->pw_dir, pwd->pw_shell);
1429 
1430 	/*
1431 	 * let's touch and chown the user's mail file. This is not
1432 	 * strictly necessary under BSD with a 0755 maildir but it also
1433 	 * doesn't hurt anything to create the empty mailfile
1434 	 */
1435 	if (PWALTDIR() != PWF_ALT) {
1436 		snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/%s", _PATH_MAILDIR,
1437 		    pwd->pw_name);
1438 		/* Preserve contents & mtime */
1439 		close(openat(conf.rootfd, path +1, O_RDWR | O_CREAT, 0600));
1440 		fchownat(conf.rootfd, path + 1, pwd->pw_uid, pwd->pw_gid,
1441 		    AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW);
1442 	}
1443 
1444 	/*
1445 	 * Let's create and populate the user's home directory. Note
1446 	 * that this also `works' for editing users if -m is used, but
1447 	 * existing files will *not* be overwritten.
1448 	 */
1449 	if (PWALTDIR() != PWF_ALT && createhome && pwd->pw_dir &&
1450 	    *pwd->pw_dir == '/' && pwd->pw_dir[1])
1451 		create_and_populate_homedir(cmdcnf, pwd, cmdcnf->dotdir,
1452 		    cmdcnf->homemode, false);
1453 
1454 	if (!PWALTDIR() && cmdcnf->newmail && *cmdcnf->newmail &&
1455 	    (fp = fopen(cnf->newmail, "r")) != NULL) {
1456 		if ((pfp = popen(_PATH_SENDMAIL " -t", "w")) == NULL)
1457 			warn("sendmail");
1458 		else {
1459 			fprintf(pfp, "From: root\n" "To: %s\n"
1460 			    "Subject: Welcome!\n\n", pwd->pw_name);
1461 			while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), fp) != NULL) {
1462 				/* Do substitutions? */
1463 				fputs(line, pfp);
1464 			}
1465 			pclose(pfp);
1466 			pw_log(cnf, M_ADD, W_USER, "%s(%ju) new user mail sent",
1467 			    pwd->pw_name, (uintmax_t)pwd->pw_uid);
1468 		}
1469 		fclose(fp);
1470 	}
1471 
1472 	if (nis && nis_update() == 0)
1473 		pw_log(cnf, M_ADD, W_USER, "NIS maps updated");
1474 
1475 	return (EXIT_SUCCESS);
1476 }
1477 
1478 int
1479 pw_user_mod(int argc, char **argv, char *arg1)
1480 {
1481 	struct userconf *cnf;
1482 	struct passwd *pwd;
1483 	struct group *grp;
1484 	StringList *groups = NULL;
1485 	char args[] = "C:qn:u:c:d:e:p:g:G:mM:l:k:s:w:L:h:H:NPYy:";
1486 	const char *cfg;
1487 	char *gecos, *homedir, *grname, *name, *newname, *walk, *skel, *shell;
1488 	char *passwd, *class, *nispasswd;
1489 	login_cap_t *lc;
1490 	struct stat st;
1491 	intmax_t id = -1;
1492 	int ch, fd = -1;
1493 	size_t i, j;
1494 	bool quiet, createhome, pretty, dryrun, nis, edited, docreatehome;
1495 	bool precrypted;
1496 	mode_t homemode = 0;
1497 	time_t expire_days, password_days, now;
1498 
1499 	expire_days = password_days = -1;
1500 	gecos = homedir = grname = name = newname = skel = shell =NULL;
1501 	passwd = NULL;
1502 	class = nispasswd = NULL;
1503 	quiet = createhome = pretty = dryrun = nis = precrypted = false;
1504 	edited = docreatehome = false;
1505 
1506 	if (arg1 != NULL) {
1507 		if (arg1[strspn(arg1, "0123456789")] == '\0')
1508 			id = pw_checkid(arg1, UID_MAX);
1509 		else
1510 			name = arg1;
1511 	}
1512 
1513 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, args)) != -1) {
1514 		switch (ch) {
1515 		case 'C':
1516 			cfg = optarg;
1517 			break;
1518 		case 'q':
1519 			quiet = true;
1520 			break;
1521 		case 'n':
1522 			name = optarg;
1523 			break;
1524 		case 'u':
1525 			id = pw_checkid(optarg, UID_MAX);
1526 			break;
1527 		case 'c':
1528 			gecos = pw_checkname(optarg, 1);
1529 			break;
1530 		case 'd':
1531 			homedir = optarg;
1532 			break;
1533 		case 'e':
1534 			now = time(NULL);
1535 			expire_days = parse_date(now, optarg);
1536 			break;
1537 		case 'p':
1538 			now = time(NULL);
1539 			password_days = parse_date(now, optarg);
1540 			break;
1541 		case 'g':
1542 			group_from_name_or_id(optarg);
1543 			grname = optarg;
1544 			break;
1545 		case 'G':
1546 			split_groups(&groups, optarg);
1547 			break;
1548 		case 'm':
1549 			createhome = true;
1550 			break;
1551 		case 'M':
1552 			homemode = validate_mode(optarg);
1553 			break;
1554 		case 'l':
1555 			newname = optarg;
1556 			break;
1557 		case 'k':
1558 			walk = skel = optarg;
1559 			if (*walk == '/')
1560 				walk++;
1561 			if (fstatat(conf.rootfd, walk, &st, 0) == -1)
1562 				errx(EX_OSFILE, "skeleton `%s' does not "
1563 				    "exists", skel);
1564 			if (!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
1565 				errx(EX_OSFILE, "skeleton `%s' is not a "
1566 				    "directory", skel);
1567 			break;
1568 		case 's':
1569 			shell = optarg;
1570 			break;
1571 		case 'w':
1572 			passwd = optarg;
1573 			break;
1574 		case 'L':
1575 			class = pw_checkname(optarg, 0);
1576 			break;
1577 		case 'H':
1578 			if (fd != -1)
1579 				errx(EX_USAGE, "'-h' and '-H' are mutually "
1580 				    "exclusive options");
1581 			fd = pw_checkfd(optarg);
1582 			precrypted = true;
1583 			if (fd == '-')
1584 				errx(EX_USAGE, "-H expects a file descriptor");
1585 			break;
1586 		case 'h':
1587 			if (fd != -1)
1588 				errx(EX_USAGE, "'-h' and '-H' are mutually "
1589 				    "exclusive options");
1590 			fd = pw_checkfd(optarg);
1591 			break;
1592 		case 'N':
1593 			dryrun = true;
1594 			break;
1595 		case 'P':
1596 			pretty = true;
1597 			break;
1598 		case 'y':
1599 			nispasswd = optarg;
1600 			break;
1601 		case 'Y':
1602 			nis = true;
1603 			break;
1604 		}
1605 	}
1606 
1607 	if (geteuid() != 0 && ! dryrun)
1608 		errx(EX_NOPERM, "you must be root");
1609 
1610 	if (quiet)
1611 		freopen(_PATH_DEVNULL, "w", stderr);
1612 
1613 	cnf = get_userconfig(cfg);
1614 
1615 	if (id < 0 && name == NULL)
1616 		errx(EX_DATAERR, "username or id required");
1617 
1618 	pwd = (name != NULL) ? GETPWNAM(pw_checkname(name, 0)) : GETPWUID(id);
1619 	if (pwd == NULL) {
1620 		if (name == NULL)
1621 			errx(EX_NOUSER, "no such uid `%ju'",
1622 			    (uintmax_t) id);
1623 		errx(EX_NOUSER, "no such user `%s'", name);
1624 	}
1625 
1626 	if (name == NULL)
1627 		name = pwd->pw_name;
1628 
1629 	if (nis && nispasswd == NULL)
1630 		nispasswd = cnf->nispasswd;
1631 
1632 	if (PWF._altdir == PWF_REGULAR &&
1633 	    ((pwd->pw_fields & _PWF_SOURCE) != _PWF_FILES)) {
1634 		if ((pwd->pw_fields & _PWF_SOURCE) == _PWF_NIS) {
1635 			if (!nis && nispasswd && *nispasswd != '/')
1636 				errx(EX_NOUSER, "Cannot modify NIS user `%s'",
1637 				    name);
1638 		} else {
1639 			errx(EX_NOUSER, "Cannot modify non local user `%s'",
1640 			    name);
1641 		}
1642 	}
1643 
1644 	if (newname) {
1645 		if (strcmp(pwd->pw_name, "root") == 0)
1646 			errx(EX_DATAERR, "can't rename `root' account");
1647 		if (strcmp(pwd->pw_name, newname) != 0) {
1648 			pwd->pw_name = pw_checkname(newname, 0);
1649 			edited = true;
1650 		}
1651 	}
1652 
1653 	if (id > 0 && pwd->pw_uid != id) {
1654 		pwd->pw_uid = id;
1655 		edited = true;
1656 		if (pwd->pw_uid != 0 && strcmp(pwd->pw_name, "root") == 0)
1657 			errx(EX_DATAERR, "can't change uid of `root' account");
1658 		if (pwd->pw_uid == 0 && strcmp(pwd->pw_name, "root") != 0)
1659 			warnx("WARNING: account `%s' will have a uid of 0 "
1660 			    "(superuser access!)", pwd->pw_name);
1661 	}
1662 
1663 	if (grname && pwd->pw_uid != 0) {
1664 		grp = GETGRNAM(grname);
1665 		if (grp == NULL)
1666 			grp = GETGRGID(pw_checkid(grname, GID_MAX));
1667 		if (grp->gr_gid != pwd->pw_gid) {
1668 			pwd->pw_gid = grp->gr_gid;
1669 			edited = true;
1670 		}
1671 	}
1672 
1673 	if (password_days >= 0 && pwd->pw_change != password_days) {
1674 		pwd->pw_change = password_days;
1675 		edited = true;
1676 	}
1677 
1678 	if (expire_days >= 0 && pwd->pw_expire != expire_days) {
1679 		pwd->pw_expire = expire_days;
1680 		edited = true;
1681 	}
1682 
1683 	if (shell) {
1684 		shell = shell_path(cnf->shelldir, cnf->shells, shell);
1685 		if (shell == NULL)
1686 			shell = "";
1687 		if (strcmp(shell, pwd->pw_shell) != 0) {
1688 			pwd->pw_shell = shell;
1689 			edited = true;
1690 		}
1691 	}
1692 
1693 	if (class && strcmp(pwd->pw_class, class) != 0) {
1694 		pwd->pw_class = class;
1695 		edited = true;
1696 	}
1697 
1698 	if (homedir && strcmp(pwd->pw_dir, homedir) != 0) {
1699 		pwd->pw_dir = homedir;
1700 		edited = true;
1701 		if (fstatat(conf.rootfd, pwd->pw_dir, &st, 0) == -1) {
1702 			if (!createhome)
1703 				warnx("WARNING: home `%s' does not exist",
1704 				    pwd->pw_dir);
1705 			else
1706 				docreatehome = true;
1707 		} else if (!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
1708 			warnx("WARNING: home `%s' is not a directory",
1709 			    pwd->pw_dir);
1710 		}
1711 	}
1712 
1713 	if (passwd && conf.fd == -1) {
1714 		lc = login_getpwclass(pwd);
1715 		if (lc == NULL || login_setcryptfmt(lc, "sha512", NULL) == NULL)
1716 			warn("setting crypt(3) format");
1717 		login_close(lc);
1718 		cnf->default_password = boolean_val(passwd,
1719 		    cnf->default_password);
1720 		pwd->pw_passwd = pw_password(cnf, pwd->pw_name, dryrun);
1721 		edited = true;
1722 	}
1723 
1724 	if (gecos && strcmp(pwd->pw_gecos, gecos) != 0) {
1725 		pwd->pw_gecos = gecos;
1726 		edited = true;
1727 	}
1728 
1729 	if (fd != -1)
1730 		edited = pw_set_passwd(pwd, fd, precrypted, true);
1731 
1732 	if (dryrun)
1733 		return (print_user(pwd, pretty, false));
1734 
1735 	if (edited) /* Only updated this if required */
1736 		perform_chgpwent(name, pwd, nis ? nispasswd : NULL);
1737 	/* Now perform the needed changes concern groups */
1738 	if (groups != NULL) {
1739 		/* Delete User from groups using old name */
1740 		SETGRENT();
1741 		while ((grp = GETGRENT()) != NULL) {
1742 			if (grp->gr_mem == NULL)
1743 				continue;
1744 			for (i = 0; grp->gr_mem[i] != NULL; i++) {
1745 				if (strcmp(grp->gr_mem[i] , name) != 0)
1746 					continue;
1747 				for (j = i; grp->gr_mem[j] != NULL ; j++)
1748 					grp->gr_mem[j] = grp->gr_mem[j+1];
1749 				chggrent(grp->gr_name, grp);
1750 				break;
1751 			}
1752 		}
1753 		ENDGRENT();
1754 		/* Add the user to the needed groups */
1755 		for (i = 0; i < groups->sl_cur; i++) {
1756 			grp = GETGRNAM(groups->sl_str[i]);
1757 			grp = gr_add(grp, pwd->pw_name);
1758 			if (grp == NULL)
1759 				continue;
1760 			chggrent(grp->gr_name, grp);
1761 			free(grp);
1762 		}
1763 	}
1764 	/* In case of rename we need to walk over the different groups */
1765 	if (newname) {
1766 		SETGRENT();
1767 		while ((grp = GETGRENT()) != NULL) {
1768 			if (grp->gr_mem == NULL)
1769 				continue;
1770 			for (i = 0; grp->gr_mem[i] != NULL; i++) {
1771 				if (strcmp(grp->gr_mem[i], name) != 0)
1772 					continue;
1773 				grp->gr_mem[i] = newname;
1774 				chggrent(grp->gr_name, grp);
1775 				break;
1776 			}
1777 		}
1778 	}
1779 
1780 	/* go get a current version of pwd */
1781 	if (newname)
1782 		name = newname;
1783 	pwd = GETPWNAM(name);
1784 	if (pwd == NULL)
1785 		errx(EX_NOUSER, "user '%s' disappeared during update", name);
1786 	grp = GETGRGID(pwd->pw_gid);
1787 	pw_log(cnf, M_UPDATE, W_USER, "%s(%ju):%s(%ju):%s:%s:%s",
1788 	    pwd->pw_name, (uintmax_t)pwd->pw_uid,
1789 	    grp ? grp->gr_name : "unknown",
1790 	    (uintmax_t)(grp ? grp->gr_gid : (uid_t)-1),
1791 	    pwd->pw_gecos, pwd->pw_dir, pwd->pw_shell);
1792 
1793 	/*
1794 	 * Let's create and populate the user's home directory. Note
1795 	 * that this also `works' for editing users if -m is used, but
1796 	 * existing files will *not* be overwritten.
1797 	 */
1798 	if (PWALTDIR() != PWF_ALT && docreatehome && pwd->pw_dir &&
1799 	    *pwd->pw_dir == '/' && pwd->pw_dir[1]) {
1800 		if (!skel)
1801 			skel = cnf->dotdir;
1802 		if (homemode == 0)
1803 			homemode = cnf->homemode;
1804 		create_and_populate_homedir(cnf, pwd, skel, homemode, true);
1805 	}
1806 
1807 	if (nis && nis_update() == 0)
1808 		pw_log(cnf, M_UPDATE, W_USER, "NIS maps updated");
1809 
1810 	return (EXIT_SUCCESS);
1811 }
1812