xref: /freebsd/usr.sbin/pw/pw_user.c (revision 1c05a6ea6b849ff95e539c31adea887c644a6a01)
1 /*-
2  * Copyright (C) 1996
3  *	David L. Nugent.  All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7  * are met:
8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13  *
14  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY DAVID L. NUGENT AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
15  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
16  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
17  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL DAVID L. NUGENT OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
18  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
19  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
20  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
21  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
22  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
23  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
24  * SUCH DAMAGE.
25  *
26  */
27 
28 #ifndef lint
29 static const char rcsid[] =
30   "$FreeBSD$";
31 #endif /* not lint */
32 
33 #include <sys/param.h>
34 #include <sys/types.h>
35 
36 #include <assert.h>
37 #include <ctype.h>
38 #include <dirent.h>
39 #include <err.h>
40 #include <errno.h>
41 #include <fcntl.h>
42 #include <grp.h>
43 #include <pwd.h>
44 #include <libutil.h>
45 #include <login_cap.h>
46 #include <paths.h>
47 #include <string.h>
48 #include <sysexits.h>
49 #include <termios.h>
50 #include <unistd.h>
51 
52 #include "pw.h"
53 #include "bitmap.h"
54 #include "psdate.h"
55 
56 #define LOGNAMESIZE (MAXLOGNAME-1)
57 
58 static		char locked_str[] = "*LOCKED*";
59 
60 static struct passwd fakeuser = {
61 	"nouser",
62 	"*",
63 	-1,
64 	-1,
65 	0,
66 	"",
67 	"User &",
68 	"/nonexistent",
69 	"/bin/sh",
70 	0,
71 	0
72 };
73 
74 static int	 print_user(struct passwd *pwd, bool pretty, bool v7);
75 static uid_t	 pw_uidpolicy(struct userconf *cnf, intmax_t id);
76 static uid_t	 pw_gidpolicy(struct userconf *cnf, char *grname, char *nam,
77     gid_t prefer, bool dryrun);
78 static char	*pw_homepolicy(struct userconf * cnf, char *homedir,
79     const char *user);
80 static char	*pw_shellpolicy(struct userconf * cnf);
81 static char	*pw_password(struct userconf * cnf, char const * user,
82     bool dryrun);
83 static char	*shell_path(char const * path, char *shells[], char *sh);
84 static void	rmat(uid_t uid);
85 static void	rmopie(char const * name);
86 
87 static void
88 mkdir_home_parents(int dfd, const char *dir)
89 {
90 	struct stat st;
91 	char *dirs, *tmp;
92 
93 	if (*dir != '/')
94 		errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid base directory for home '%s'", dir);
95 
96 	dir++;
97 
98 	if (fstatat(dfd, dir, &st, 0) != -1) {
99 		if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
100 			return;
101 		errx(EX_OSFILE, "root home `/%s' is not a directory", dir);
102 	}
103 
104 	dirs = strdup(dir);
105 	if (dirs == NULL)
106 		errx(EX_UNAVAILABLE, "out of memory");
107 
108 	tmp = strrchr(dirs, '/');
109 	if (tmp == NULL) {
110 		free(dirs);
111 		return;
112 	}
113 	tmp[0] = '\0';
114 
115 	/*
116 	 * This is a kludge especially for Joerg :)
117 	 * If the home directory would be created in the root partition, then
118 	 * we really create it under /usr which is likely to have more space.
119 	 * But we create a symlink from cnf->home -> "/usr" -> cnf->home
120 	 */
121 	if (strchr(dirs, '/') == NULL) {
122 		asprintf(&tmp, "usr/%s", dirs);
123 		if (tmp == NULL)
124 			errx(EX_UNAVAILABLE, "out of memory");
125 		if (mkdirat(dfd, tmp, _DEF_DIRMODE) != -1 || errno == EEXIST) {
126 			fchownat(dfd, tmp, 0, 0, 0);
127 			symlinkat(tmp, dfd, dirs);
128 		}
129 		free(tmp);
130 	}
131 	tmp = dirs;
132 	if (fstatat(dfd, dirs, &st, 0) == -1) {
133 		while ((tmp = strchr(tmp + 1, '/')) != NULL) {
134 			*tmp = '\0';
135 			if (fstatat(dfd, dirs, &st, 0) == -1) {
136 				if (mkdirat(dfd, dirs, _DEF_DIRMODE) == -1)
137 					err(EX_OSFILE,  "'%s' (root home parent) is not a directory", dirs);
138 			}
139 			*tmp = '/';
140 		}
141 	}
142 	if (fstatat(dfd, dirs, &st, 0) == -1) {
143 		if (mkdirat(dfd, dirs, _DEF_DIRMODE) == -1)
144 			err(EX_OSFILE,  "'%s' (root home parent) is not a directory", dirs);
145 		fchownat(dfd, dirs, 0, 0, 0);
146 	}
147 
148 	free(dirs);
149 }
150 
151 static void
152 create_and_populate_homedir(struct userconf *cnf, struct passwd *pwd,
153     const char *skeldir, mode_t homemode, bool update)
154 {
155 	int skelfd = -1;
156 
157 	/* Create home parents directories */
158 	mkdir_home_parents(conf.rootfd, pwd->pw_dir);
159 
160 	if (skeldir != NULL && *skeldir != '\0') {
161 		if (*skeldir == '/')
162 			skeldir++;
163 		skelfd = openat(conf.rootfd, skeldir, O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC);
164 	}
165 
166 	copymkdir(conf.rootfd, pwd->pw_dir, skelfd, homemode, pwd->pw_uid,
167 	    pwd->pw_gid, 0);
168 	pw_log(cnf, update ? M_UPDATE : M_ADD, W_USER, "%s(%ju) home %s made",
169 	    pwd->pw_name, (uintmax_t)pwd->pw_uid, pwd->pw_dir);
170 }
171 
172 static int
173 pw_set_passwd(struct passwd *pwd, int fd, bool precrypted, bool update)
174 {
175 	int		 b, istty;
176 	struct termios	 t, n;
177 	login_cap_t	*lc;
178 	char		line[_PASSWORD_LEN+1];
179 	char		*p;
180 
181 	if (fd == '-') {
182 		if (!pwd->pw_passwd || *pwd->pw_passwd != '*') {
183 			pwd->pw_passwd = "*";	/* No access */
184 			return (1);
185 		}
186 		return (0);
187 	}
188 
189 	if ((istty = isatty(fd))) {
190 		if (tcgetattr(fd, &t) == -1)
191 			istty = 0;
192 		else {
193 			n = t;
194 			n.c_lflag &= ~(ECHO);
195 			tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &n);
196 			printf("%s%spassword for user %s:",
197 			    update ? "new " : "",
198 			    precrypted ? "encrypted " : "",
199 			    pwd->pw_name);
200 			fflush(stdout);
201 		}
202 	}
203 	b = read(fd, line, sizeof(line) - 1);
204 	if (istty) {	/* Restore state */
205 		tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &t);
206 		fputc('\n', stdout);
207 		fflush(stdout);
208 	}
209 
210 	if (b < 0)
211 		err(EX_IOERR, "-%c file descriptor",
212 		    precrypted ? 'H' : 'h');
213 	line[b] = '\0';
214 	if ((p = strpbrk(line, "\r\n")) != NULL)
215 		*p = '\0';
216 	if (!*line)
217 		errx(EX_DATAERR, "empty password read on file descriptor %d",
218 		    fd);
219 	if (precrypted) {
220 		if (strchr(line, ':') != NULL)
221 			errx(EX_DATAERR, "bad encrypted password");
222 		pwd->pw_passwd = strdup(line);
223 	} else {
224 		lc = login_getpwclass(pwd);
225 		if (lc == NULL ||
226 				login_setcryptfmt(lc, "sha512", NULL) == NULL)
227 			warn("setting crypt(3) format");
228 		login_close(lc);
229 		pwd->pw_passwd = pw_pwcrypt(line);
230 	}
231 	return (1);
232 }
233 
234 static void
235 perform_chgpwent(const char *name, struct passwd *pwd, char *nispasswd)
236 {
237 	int rc;
238 	struct passwd *nispwd;
239 
240 	/* duplicate for nis so that chgpwent is not modifying before NIS */
241 	if (nispasswd && *nispasswd == '/')
242 		nispwd = pw_dup(pwd);
243 
244 	rc = chgpwent(name, pwd);
245 	if (rc == -1)
246 		errx(EX_IOERR, "user '%s' does not exist (NIS?)", pwd->pw_name);
247 	else if (rc != 0)
248 		err(EX_IOERR, "passwd file update");
249 
250 	if (nispasswd && *nispasswd == '/') {
251 		rc = chgnispwent(nispasswd, name, nispwd);
252 		if (rc == -1)
253 			warn("User '%s' not found in NIS passwd", pwd->pw_name);
254 		else if (rc != 0)
255 			warn("NIS passwd update");
256 		/* NOTE: NIS-only update errors are not fatal */
257 	}
258 }
259 
260 /*
261  * The M_LOCK and M_UNLOCK functions simply add or remove
262  * a "*LOCKED*" prefix from in front of the password to
263  * prevent it decoding correctly, and therefore prevents
264  * access. Of course, this only prevents access via
265  * password authentication (not ssh, kerberos or any
266  * other method that does not use the UNIX password) but
267  * that is a known limitation.
268  */
269 static int
270 pw_userlock(char *arg1, int mode)
271 {
272 	struct passwd *pwd = NULL;
273 	char *passtmp = NULL;
274 	char *name;
275 	bool locked = false;
276 	uid_t id = (uid_t)-1;
277 
278 	if (geteuid() != 0)
279 		errx(EX_NOPERM, "you must be root");
280 
281 	if (arg1 == NULL)
282 		errx(EX_DATAERR, "username or id required");
283 
284 	name = arg1;
285 	if (arg1[strspn(name, "0123456789")] == '\0')
286 		id = pw_checkid(name, UID_MAX);
287 
288 	pwd = GETPWNAM(pw_checkname(name, 0));
289 	if (pwd == NULL && id != (uid_t)-1) {
290 		pwd = GETPWUID(id);
291 		if (pwd != NULL)
292 			name = pwd->pw_name;
293 	}
294 	if (pwd == NULL) {
295 		if (id == (uid_t)-1)
296 			errx(EX_NOUSER, "no such name or uid `%ju'", (uintmax_t) id);
297 		errx(EX_NOUSER, "no such user `%s'", name);
298 	}
299 
300 	if (name == NULL)
301 		name = pwd->pw_name;
302 
303 	if (strncmp(pwd->pw_passwd, locked_str, sizeof(locked_str) -1) == 0)
304 		locked = true;
305 	if (mode == M_LOCK && locked)
306 		errx(EX_DATAERR, "user '%s' is already locked", pwd->pw_name);
307 	if (mode == M_UNLOCK && !locked)
308 		errx(EX_DATAERR, "user '%s' is not locked", pwd->pw_name);
309 
310 	if (mode == M_LOCK) {
311 		asprintf(&passtmp, "%s%s", locked_str, pwd->pw_passwd);
312 		if (passtmp == NULL)	/* disaster */
313 			errx(EX_UNAVAILABLE, "out of memory");
314 		pwd->pw_passwd = passtmp;
315 	} else {
316 		pwd->pw_passwd += sizeof(locked_str)-1;
317 	}
318 
319 	perform_chgpwent(name, pwd, NULL);
320 	free(passtmp);
321 
322 	return (EXIT_SUCCESS);
323 }
324 
325 static uid_t
326 pw_uidpolicy(struct userconf * cnf, intmax_t id)
327 {
328 	struct passwd  *pwd;
329 	struct bitmap   bm;
330 	uid_t           uid = (uid_t) - 1;
331 
332 	/*
333 	 * Check the given uid, if any
334 	 */
335 	if (id >= 0) {
336 		uid = (uid_t) id;
337 
338 		if ((pwd = GETPWUID(uid)) != NULL && conf.checkduplicate)
339 			errx(EX_DATAERR, "uid `%ju' has already been allocated",
340 			    (uintmax_t)pwd->pw_uid);
341 		return (uid);
342 	}
343 	/*
344 	 * We need to allocate the next available uid under one of
345 	 * two policies a) Grab the first unused uid b) Grab the
346 	 * highest possible unused uid
347 	 */
348 	if (cnf->min_uid >= cnf->max_uid) {	/* Sanity
349 						 * claus^H^H^H^Hheck */
350 		cnf->min_uid = 1000;
351 		cnf->max_uid = 32000;
352 	}
353 	bm = bm_alloc(cnf->max_uid - cnf->min_uid + 1);
354 
355 	/*
356 	 * Now, let's fill the bitmap from the password file
357 	 */
358 	SETPWENT();
359 	while ((pwd = GETPWENT()) != NULL)
360 		if (pwd->pw_uid >= (uid_t) cnf->min_uid && pwd->pw_uid <= (uid_t) cnf->max_uid)
361 			bm_setbit(&bm, pwd->pw_uid - cnf->min_uid);
362 	ENDPWENT();
363 
364 	/*
365 	 * Then apply the policy, with fallback to reuse if necessary
366 	 */
367 	if (cnf->reuse_uids || (uid = (uid_t) (bm_lastset(&bm) + cnf->min_uid + 1)) > cnf->max_uid)
368 		uid = (uid_t) (bm_firstunset(&bm) + cnf->min_uid);
369 
370 	/*
371 	 * Another sanity check
372 	 */
373 	if (uid < cnf->min_uid || uid > cnf->max_uid)
374 		errx(EX_SOFTWARE, "unable to allocate a new uid - range fully used");
375 	bm_dealloc(&bm);
376 	return (uid);
377 }
378 
379 static uid_t
380 pw_gidpolicy(struct userconf *cnf, char *grname, char *nam, gid_t prefer, bool dryrun)
381 {
382 	struct group   *grp;
383 	gid_t           gid = (uid_t) - 1;
384 
385 	/*
386 	 * Check the given gid, if any
387 	 */
388 	SETGRENT();
389 	if (grname) {
390 		if ((grp = GETGRNAM(grname)) == NULL) {
391 			gid = pw_checkid(grname, GID_MAX);
392 			grp = GETGRGID(gid);
393 		}
394 		gid = grp->gr_gid;
395 	} else if ((grp = GETGRNAM(nam)) != NULL &&
396 	    (grp->gr_mem == NULL || grp->gr_mem[0] == NULL)) {
397 		gid = grp->gr_gid;  /* Already created? Use it anyway... */
398 	} else {
399 		intmax_t		grid = -1;
400 
401 		/*
402 		 * We need to auto-create a group with the user's name. We
403 		 * can send all the appropriate output to our sister routine
404 		 * bit first see if we can create a group with gid==uid so we
405 		 * can keep the user and group ids in sync. We purposely do
406 		 * NOT check the gid range if we can force the sync. If the
407 		 * user's name dups an existing group, then the group add
408 		 * function will happily handle that case for us and exit.
409 		 */
410 		if (GETGRGID(prefer) == NULL)
411 			grid = prefer;
412 		if (dryrun) {
413 			gid = pw_groupnext(cnf, true);
414 		} else {
415 			if (grid == -1)
416 				grid =  pw_groupnext(cnf, true);
417 			groupadd(cnf, nam, grid, NULL, -1, false, false, false);
418 			if ((grp = GETGRNAM(nam)) != NULL)
419 				gid = grp->gr_gid;
420 		}
421 	}
422 	ENDGRENT();
423 	return (gid);
424 }
425 
426 static char *
427 pw_homepolicy(struct userconf * cnf, char *homedir, const char *user)
428 {
429 	static char     home[128];
430 
431 	if (homedir)
432 		return (homedir);
433 
434 	if (cnf->home == NULL || *cnf->home == '\0')
435 		errx(EX_CONFIG, "no base home directory set");
436 	snprintf(home, sizeof(home), "%s/%s", cnf->home, user);
437 
438 	return (home);
439 }
440 
441 static char *
442 shell_path(char const * path, char *shells[], char *sh)
443 {
444 	if (sh != NULL && (*sh == '/' || *sh == '\0'))
445 		return sh;	/* specified full path or forced none */
446 	else {
447 		char           *p;
448 		char            paths[_UC_MAXLINE];
449 
450 		/*
451 		 * We need to search paths
452 		 */
453 		strlcpy(paths, path, sizeof(paths));
454 		for (p = strtok(paths, ": \t\r\n"); p != NULL; p = strtok(NULL, ": \t\r\n")) {
455 			int             i;
456 			static char     shellpath[256];
457 
458 			if (sh != NULL) {
459 				snprintf(shellpath, sizeof(shellpath), "%s/%s", p, sh);
460 				if (access(shellpath, X_OK) == 0)
461 					return shellpath;
462 			} else
463 				for (i = 0; i < _UC_MAXSHELLS && shells[i] != NULL; i++) {
464 					snprintf(shellpath, sizeof(shellpath), "%s/%s", p, shells[i]);
465 					if (access(shellpath, X_OK) == 0)
466 						return shellpath;
467 				}
468 		}
469 		if (sh == NULL)
470 			errx(EX_OSFILE, "can't find shell `%s' in shell paths", sh);
471 		errx(EX_CONFIG, "no default shell available or defined");
472 		return NULL;
473 	}
474 }
475 
476 static char *
477 pw_shellpolicy(struct userconf * cnf)
478 {
479 
480 	return shell_path(cnf->shelldir, cnf->shells, cnf->shell_default);
481 }
482 
483 #define	SALTSIZE	32
484 
485 static char const chars[] = "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ./";
486 
487 char *
488 pw_pwcrypt(char *password)
489 {
490 	int             i;
491 	char            salt[SALTSIZE + 1];
492 	char		*cryptpw;
493 	static char     buf[256];
494 	size_t		pwlen;
495 
496 	/*
497 	 * Calculate a salt value
498 	 */
499 	for (i = 0; i < SALTSIZE; i++)
500 		salt[i] = chars[arc4random_uniform(sizeof(chars) - 1)];
501 	salt[SALTSIZE] = '\0';
502 
503 	cryptpw = crypt(password, salt);
504 	if (cryptpw == NULL)
505 		errx(EX_CONFIG, "crypt(3) failure");
506 	pwlen = strlcpy(buf, cryptpw, sizeof(buf));
507 	assert(pwlen < sizeof(buf));
508 	return (buf);
509 }
510 
511 static char *
512 pw_password(struct userconf * cnf, char const * user, bool dryrun)
513 {
514 	int             i, l;
515 	char            pwbuf[32];
516 
517 	switch (cnf->default_password) {
518 	case -1:		/* Random password */
519 		l = (arc4random() % 8 + 8);	/* 8 - 16 chars */
520 		for (i = 0; i < l; i++)
521 			pwbuf[i] = chars[arc4random_uniform(sizeof(chars)-1)];
522 		pwbuf[i] = '\0';
523 
524 		/*
525 		 * We give this information back to the user
526 		 */
527 		if (conf.fd == -1 && !dryrun) {
528 			if (isatty(STDOUT_FILENO))
529 				printf("Password for '%s' is: ", user);
530 			printf("%s\n", pwbuf);
531 			fflush(stdout);
532 		}
533 		break;
534 
535 	case -2:		/* No password at all! */
536 		return "";
537 
538 	case 0:		/* No login - default */
539 	default:
540 		return "*";
541 
542 	case 1:		/* user's name */
543 		strlcpy(pwbuf, user, sizeof(pwbuf));
544 		break;
545 	}
546 	return pw_pwcrypt(pwbuf);
547 }
548 
549 static int
550 print_user(struct passwd * pwd, bool pretty, bool v7)
551 {
552 	int		j;
553 	char           *p;
554 	struct group   *grp = GETGRGID(pwd->pw_gid);
555 	char            uname[60] = "User &", office[60] = "[None]",
556 			wphone[60] = "[None]", hphone[60] = "[None]";
557 	char		acexpire[32] = "[None]", pwexpire[32] = "[None]";
558 	struct tm *    tptr;
559 
560 	if (!pretty) {
561 		p = v7 ? pw_make_v7(pwd) : pw_make(pwd);
562 		printf("%s\n", p);
563 		free(p);
564 		return (EXIT_SUCCESS);
565 	}
566 
567 	if ((p = strtok(pwd->pw_gecos, ",")) != NULL) {
568 		strlcpy(uname, p, sizeof(uname));
569 		if ((p = strtok(NULL, ",")) != NULL) {
570 			strlcpy(office, p, sizeof(office));
571 			if ((p = strtok(NULL, ",")) != NULL) {
572 				strlcpy(wphone, p, sizeof(wphone));
573 				if ((p = strtok(NULL, "")) != NULL) {
574 					strlcpy(hphone, p, sizeof(hphone));
575 				}
576 			}
577 		}
578 	}
579 	/*
580 	 * Handle '&' in gecos field
581 	 */
582 	if ((p = strchr(uname, '&')) != NULL) {
583 		int             l = strlen(pwd->pw_name);
584 		int             m = strlen(p);
585 
586 		memmove(p + l, p + 1, m);
587 		memmove(p, pwd->pw_name, l);
588 		*p = (char) toupper((unsigned char)*p);
589 	}
590 	if (pwd->pw_expire > (time_t)0 && (tptr = localtime(&pwd->pw_expire)) != NULL)
591 		strftime(acexpire, sizeof acexpire, "%c", tptr);
592 		if (pwd->pw_change > (time_t)0 && (tptr = localtime(&pwd->pw_change)) != NULL)
593 		strftime(pwexpire, sizeof pwexpire, "%c", tptr);
594 	printf("Login Name: %-15s   #%-12ju Group: %-15s   #%ju\n"
595 	       " Full Name: %s\n"
596 	       "      Home: %-26.26s      Class: %s\n"
597 	       "     Shell: %-26.26s     Office: %s\n"
598 	       "Work Phone: %-26.26s Home Phone: %s\n"
599 	       "Acc Expire: %-26.26s Pwd Expire: %s\n",
600 	       pwd->pw_name, (uintmax_t)pwd->pw_uid,
601 	       grp ? grp->gr_name : "(invalid)", (uintmax_t)pwd->pw_gid,
602 	       uname, pwd->pw_dir, pwd->pw_class,
603 	       pwd->pw_shell, office, wphone, hphone,
604 	       acexpire, pwexpire);
605         SETGRENT();
606 	j = 0;
607 	while ((grp=GETGRENT()) != NULL) {
608 		int     i = 0;
609 		if (grp->gr_mem != NULL) {
610 			while (grp->gr_mem[i] != NULL) {
611 				if (strcmp(grp->gr_mem[i], pwd->pw_name)==0) {
612 					printf(j++ == 0 ? "    Groups: %s" : ",%s", grp->gr_name);
613 					break;
614 				}
615 				++i;
616 			}
617 		}
618 	}
619 	ENDGRENT();
620 	printf("%s", j ? "\n" : "");
621 	return (EXIT_SUCCESS);
622 }
623 
624 char *
625 pw_checkname(char *name, int gecos)
626 {
627 	char showch[8];
628 	const char *badchars, *ch, *showtype;
629 	int reject;
630 
631 	ch = name;
632 	reject = 0;
633 	if (gecos) {
634 		/* See if the name is valid as a gecos (comment) field. */
635 		badchars = ":!@";
636 		showtype = "gecos field";
637 	} else {
638 		/* See if the name is valid as a userid or group. */
639 		badchars = " ,\t:+&#%$^()!@~*?<>=|\\/\"";
640 		showtype = "userid/group name";
641 		/* Userids and groups can not have a leading '-'. */
642 		if (*ch == '-')
643 			reject = 1;
644 	}
645 	if (!reject) {
646 		while (*ch) {
647 			if (strchr(badchars, *ch) != NULL ||
648 			    (!gecos && *ch < ' ') ||
649 			    *ch == 127) {
650 				reject = 1;
651 				break;
652 			}
653 			/* 8-bit characters are only allowed in GECOS fields */
654 			if (!gecos && (*ch & 0x80)) {
655 				reject = 1;
656 				break;
657 			}
658 			ch++;
659 		}
660 	}
661 	/*
662 	 * A `$' is allowed as the final character for userids and groups,
663 	 * mainly for the benefit of samba.
664 	 */
665 	if (reject && !gecos) {
666 		if (*ch == '$' && *(ch + 1) == '\0') {
667 			reject = 0;
668 			ch++;
669 		}
670 	}
671 	if (reject) {
672 		snprintf(showch, sizeof(showch), (*ch >= ' ' && *ch < 127)
673 		    ? "`%c'" : "0x%02x", *ch);
674 		errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid character %s at position %td in %s",
675 		    showch, (ch - name), showtype);
676 	}
677 	if (!gecos && (ch - name) > LOGNAMESIZE)
678 		errx(EX_USAGE, "name too long `%s' (max is %d)", name,
679 		    LOGNAMESIZE);
680 
681 	return (name);
682 }
683 
684 static void
685 rmat(uid_t uid)
686 {
687 	DIR            *d = opendir("/var/at/jobs");
688 
689 	if (d != NULL) {
690 		struct dirent  *e;
691 
692 		while ((e = readdir(d)) != NULL) {
693 			struct stat     st;
694 
695 			if (strncmp(e->d_name, ".lock", 5) != 0 &&
696 			    stat(e->d_name, &st) == 0 &&
697 			    !S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) &&
698 			    st.st_uid == uid) {
699 				char            tmp[MAXPATHLEN];
700 
701 				snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "/usr/bin/atrm %s",
702 				    e->d_name);
703 				system(tmp);
704 			}
705 		}
706 		closedir(d);
707 	}
708 }
709 
710 static void
711 rmopie(char const * name)
712 {
713 	char tmp[1014];
714 	FILE *fp;
715 	int fd;
716 	size_t len;
717 	off_t	atofs = 0;
718 
719 	if ((fd = openat(conf.rootfd, "etc/opiekeys", O_RDWR)) == -1)
720 		return;
721 
722 	fp = fdopen(fd, "r+");
723 	len = strlen(name);
724 
725 	while (fgets(tmp, sizeof(tmp), fp) != NULL) {
726 		if (strncmp(name, tmp, len) == 0 && tmp[len]==' ') {
727 			/* Comment username out */
728 			if (fseek(fp, atofs, SEEK_SET) == 0)
729 				fwrite("#", 1, 1, fp);
730 			break;
731 		}
732 		atofs = ftell(fp);
733 	}
734 	/*
735 	 * If we got an error of any sort, don't update!
736 	 */
737 	fclose(fp);
738 }
739 
740 int
741 pw_user_next(int argc, char **argv, char *name __unused)
742 {
743 	struct userconf *cnf = NULL;
744 	const char *cfg = NULL;
745 	int ch;
746 	bool quiet = false;
747 	uid_t next;
748 
749 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "C:q")) != -1) {
750 		switch (ch) {
751 		case 'C':
752 			cfg = optarg;
753 			break;
754 		case 'q':
755 			quiet = true;
756 			break;
757 		}
758 	}
759 
760 	if (quiet)
761 		freopen(_PATH_DEVNULL, "w", stderr);
762 
763 	cnf = get_userconfig(cfg);
764 
765 	next = pw_uidpolicy(cnf, -1);
766 
767 	printf("%ju:", (uintmax_t)next);
768 	pw_groupnext(cnf, quiet);
769 
770 	return (EXIT_SUCCESS);
771 }
772 
773 int
774 pw_user_show(int argc, char **argv, char *arg1)
775 {
776 	struct passwd *pwd = NULL;
777 	char *name = NULL;
778 	intmax_t id = -1;
779 	int ch;
780 	bool all = false;
781 	bool pretty = false;
782 	bool force = false;
783 	bool v7 = false;
784 	bool quiet = false;
785 
786 	if (arg1 != NULL) {
787 		if (arg1[strspn(arg1, "0123456789")] == '\0')
788 			id = pw_checkid(arg1, UID_MAX);
789 		else
790 			name = arg1;
791 	}
792 
793 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "C:qn:u:FPa7")) != -1) {
794 		switch (ch) {
795 		case 'C':
796 			/* ignore compatibility */
797 			break;
798 		case 'q':
799 			quiet = true;
800 			break;
801 		case 'n':
802 			name = optarg;
803 			break;
804 		case 'u':
805 			id = pw_checkid(optarg, UID_MAX);
806 			break;
807 		case 'F':
808 			force = true;
809 			break;
810 		case 'P':
811 			pretty = true;
812 			break;
813 		case 'a':
814 			all = true;
815 			break;
816 		case '7':
817 			v7 = true;
818 			break;
819 		}
820 	}
821 
822 	if (quiet)
823 		freopen(_PATH_DEVNULL, "w", stderr);
824 
825 	if (all) {
826 		SETPWENT();
827 		while ((pwd = GETPWENT()) != NULL)
828 			print_user(pwd, pretty, v7);
829 		ENDPWENT();
830 		return (EXIT_SUCCESS);
831 	}
832 
833 	if (id < 0 && name == NULL)
834 		errx(EX_DATAERR, "username or id required");
835 
836 	pwd = (name != NULL) ? GETPWNAM(pw_checkname(name, 0)) : GETPWUID(id);
837 	if (pwd == NULL) {
838 		if (force) {
839 			pwd = &fakeuser;
840 		} else {
841 			if (name == NULL)
842 				errx(EX_NOUSER, "no such uid `%ju'",
843 				    (uintmax_t) id);
844 			errx(EX_NOUSER, "no such user `%s'", name);
845 		}
846 	}
847 
848 	return (print_user(pwd, pretty, v7));
849 }
850 
851 int
852 pw_user_del(int argc, char **argv, char *arg1)
853 {
854 	struct userconf *cnf = NULL;
855 	struct passwd *pwd = NULL;
856 	struct group *gr, *grp;
857 	char *name = NULL;
858 	char grname[MAXLOGNAME];
859 	char *nispasswd = NULL;
860 	char file[MAXPATHLEN];
861 	char home[MAXPATHLEN];
862 	const char *cfg = NULL;
863 	struct stat st;
864 	intmax_t id = -1;
865 	int ch, rc;
866 	bool nis = false;
867 	bool deletehome = false;
868 	bool quiet = false;
869 
870 	if (arg1 != NULL) {
871 		if (arg1[strspn(arg1, "0123456789")] == '\0')
872 			id = pw_checkid(arg1, UID_MAX);
873 		else
874 			name = arg1;
875 	}
876 
877 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "C:qn:u:rYy:")) != -1) {
878 		switch (ch) {
879 		case 'C':
880 			cfg = optarg;
881 			break;
882 		case 'q':
883 			quiet = true;
884 			break;
885 		case 'n':
886 			name = optarg;
887 			break;
888 		case 'u':
889 			id = pw_checkid(optarg, UID_MAX);
890 			break;
891 		case 'r':
892 			deletehome = true;
893 			break;
894 		case 'y':
895 			nispasswd = optarg;
896 			break;
897 		case 'Y':
898 			nis = true;
899 			break;
900 		}
901 	}
902 
903 	if (quiet)
904 		freopen(_PATH_DEVNULL, "w", stderr);
905 
906 	if (id < 0 && name == NULL)
907 		errx(EX_DATAERR, "username or id required");
908 
909 	cnf = get_userconfig(cfg);
910 
911 	if (nispasswd == NULL)
912 		nispasswd = cnf->nispasswd;
913 
914 	pwd = (name != NULL) ? GETPWNAM(pw_checkname(name, 0)) : GETPWUID(id);
915 	if (pwd == NULL) {
916 		if (name == NULL)
917 			errx(EX_NOUSER, "no such uid `%ju'", (uintmax_t) id);
918 		errx(EX_NOUSER, "no such user `%s'", name);
919 	}
920 
921 	if (PWF._altdir == PWF_REGULAR &&
922 	    ((pwd->pw_fields & _PWF_SOURCE) != _PWF_FILES)) {
923 		if ((pwd->pw_fields & _PWF_SOURCE) == _PWF_NIS) {
924 			if (!nis && nispasswd && *nispasswd != '/')
925 				errx(EX_NOUSER, "Cannot remove NIS user `%s'",
926 				    name);
927 		} else {
928 			errx(EX_NOUSER, "Cannot remove non local user `%s'",
929 			    name);
930 		}
931 	}
932 
933 	id = pwd->pw_uid;
934 	if (name == NULL)
935 		name = pwd->pw_name;
936 
937 	if (strcmp(pwd->pw_name, "root") == 0)
938 		errx(EX_DATAERR, "cannot remove user 'root'");
939 
940 	/* Remove opie record from /etc/opiekeys */
941 	if (PWALTDIR() != PWF_ALT)
942 		rmopie(pwd->pw_name);
943 
944 	if (!PWALTDIR()) {
945 		/* Remove crontabs */
946 		snprintf(file, sizeof(file), "/var/cron/tabs/%s", pwd->pw_name);
947 		if (access(file, F_OK) == 0) {
948 			snprintf(file, sizeof(file), "crontab -u %s -r",
949 			    pwd->pw_name);
950 			system(file);
951 		}
952 	}
953 
954 	/*
955 	 * Save these for later, since contents of pwd may be
956 	 * invalidated by deletion
957 	 */
958 	snprintf(file, sizeof(file), "%s/%s", _PATH_MAILDIR, pwd->pw_name);
959 	strlcpy(home, pwd->pw_dir, sizeof(home));
960 	gr = GETGRGID(pwd->pw_gid);
961 	if (gr != NULL)
962 		strlcpy(grname, gr->gr_name, LOGNAMESIZE);
963 	else
964 		grname[0] = '\0';
965 
966 	rc = delpwent(pwd);
967 	if (rc == -1)
968 		err(EX_IOERR, "user '%s' does not exist", pwd->pw_name);
969 	else if (rc != 0)
970 		err(EX_IOERR, "passwd update");
971 
972 	if (nis && nispasswd && *nispasswd=='/') {
973 		rc = delnispwent(nispasswd, name);
974 		if (rc == -1)
975 			warnx("WARNING: user '%s' does not exist in NIS passwd",
976 			    pwd->pw_name);
977 		else if (rc != 0)
978 			warn("WARNING: NIS passwd update");
979 	}
980 
981 	grp = GETGRNAM(name);
982 	if (grp != NULL &&
983 	    (grp->gr_mem == NULL || *grp->gr_mem == NULL) &&
984 	    strcmp(name, grname) == 0)
985 		delgrent(GETGRNAM(name));
986 	SETGRENT();
987 	while ((grp = GETGRENT()) != NULL) {
988 		int i, j;
989 		char group[MAXLOGNAME];
990 		if (grp->gr_mem == NULL)
991 			continue;
992 
993 		for (i = 0; grp->gr_mem[i] != NULL; i++) {
994 			if (strcmp(grp->gr_mem[i], name) != 0)
995 				continue;
996 
997 			for (j = i; grp->gr_mem[j] != NULL; j++)
998 				grp->gr_mem[j] = grp->gr_mem[j+1];
999 			strlcpy(group, grp->gr_name, MAXLOGNAME);
1000 			chggrent(group, grp);
1001 		}
1002 	}
1003 	ENDGRENT();
1004 
1005 	pw_log(cnf, M_DELETE, W_USER, "%s(%ju) account removed", name,
1006 	    (uintmax_t)id);
1007 
1008 	/* Remove mail file */
1009 	if (PWALTDIR() != PWF_ALT)
1010 		unlinkat(conf.rootfd, file + 1, 0);
1011 
1012 	/* Remove at jobs */
1013 	if (!PWALTDIR() && getpwuid(id) == NULL)
1014 		rmat(id);
1015 
1016 	/* Remove home directory and contents */
1017 	if (PWALTDIR() != PWF_ALT && deletehome && *home == '/' &&
1018 	    GETPWUID(id) == NULL &&
1019 	    fstatat(conf.rootfd, home + 1, &st, 0) != -1) {
1020 		rm_r(conf.rootfd, home, id);
1021 		pw_log(cnf, M_DELETE, W_USER, "%s(%ju) home '%s' %s"
1022 		    "removed", name, (uintmax_t)id, home,
1023 		     fstatat(conf.rootfd, home + 1, &st, 0) == -1 ? "" : "not "
1024 		     "completely ");
1025 	}
1026 
1027 	return (EXIT_SUCCESS);
1028 }
1029 
1030 int
1031 pw_user_lock(int argc, char **argv, char *arg1)
1032 {
1033 	int ch;
1034 
1035 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "Cq")) != -1) {
1036 		switch (ch) {
1037 		case 'C':
1038 		case 'q':
1039 			/* compatibility */
1040 			break;
1041 		}
1042 	}
1043 
1044 	return (pw_userlock(arg1, M_LOCK));
1045 }
1046 
1047 int
1048 pw_user_unlock(int argc, char **argv, char *arg1)
1049 {
1050 	int ch;
1051 
1052 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "Cq")) != -1) {
1053 		switch (ch) {
1054 		case 'C':
1055 		case 'q':
1056 			/* compatibility */
1057 			break;
1058 		}
1059 	}
1060 
1061 	return (pw_userlock(arg1, M_UNLOCK));
1062 }
1063 
1064 static struct group *
1065 group_from_name_or_id(char *name)
1066 {
1067 	const char *errstr = NULL;
1068 	struct group *grp;
1069 	uintmax_t id;
1070 
1071 	if ((grp = GETGRNAM(name)) == NULL) {
1072 		id = strtounum(name, 0, GID_MAX, &errstr);
1073 		if (errstr)
1074 			errx(EX_NOUSER, "group `%s' does not exist", name);
1075 		grp = GETGRGID(id);
1076 		if (grp == NULL)
1077 			errx(EX_NOUSER, "group `%s' does not exist", name);
1078 	}
1079 
1080 	return (grp);
1081 }
1082 
1083 static void
1084 split_groups(StringList **groups, char *groupsstr)
1085 {
1086 	struct group *grp;
1087 	char *p;
1088 	char tok[] = ", \t";
1089 
1090 	if (*groups == NULL)
1091 		*groups = sl_init();
1092 	for (p = strtok(groupsstr, tok); p != NULL; p = strtok(NULL, tok)) {
1093 		grp = group_from_name_or_id(p);
1094 		sl_add(*groups, newstr(grp->gr_name));
1095 	}
1096 }
1097 
1098 static void
1099 validate_grname(struct userconf *cnf, char *group)
1100 {
1101 	struct group *grp;
1102 
1103 	if (group == NULL || *group == '\0') {
1104 		cnf->default_group = "";
1105 		return;
1106 	}
1107 	grp = group_from_name_or_id(group);
1108 	cnf->default_group = newstr(grp->gr_name);
1109 }
1110 
1111 static mode_t
1112 validate_mode(char *mode)
1113 {
1114 	mode_t m;
1115 	void *set;
1116 
1117 	if ((set = setmode(mode)) == NULL)
1118 		errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid directory creation mode '%s'", mode);
1119 
1120 	m = getmode(set, _DEF_DIRMODE);
1121 	free(set);
1122 	return (m);
1123 }
1124 
1125 static void
1126 mix_config(struct userconf *cmdcnf, struct userconf *cfg)
1127 {
1128 
1129 	if (cmdcnf->default_password == 0)
1130 		cmdcnf->default_password = cfg->default_password;
1131 	if (cmdcnf->reuse_uids == 0)
1132 		cmdcnf->reuse_uids = cfg->reuse_uids;
1133 	if (cmdcnf->reuse_gids == 0)
1134 		cmdcnf->reuse_gids = cfg->reuse_gids;
1135 	if (cmdcnf->nispasswd == NULL)
1136 		cmdcnf->nispasswd = cfg->nispasswd;
1137 	if (cmdcnf->dotdir == NULL)
1138 		cmdcnf->dotdir = cfg->dotdir;
1139 	if (cmdcnf->newmail == NULL)
1140 		cmdcnf->newmail = cfg->newmail;
1141 	if (cmdcnf->logfile == NULL)
1142 		cmdcnf->logfile = cfg->logfile;
1143 	if (cmdcnf->home == NULL)
1144 		cmdcnf->home = cfg->home;
1145 	if (cmdcnf->homemode == 0)
1146 		cmdcnf->homemode = cfg->homemode;
1147 	if (cmdcnf->shelldir == NULL)
1148 		cmdcnf->shelldir = cfg->shelldir;
1149 	if (cmdcnf->shells == NULL)
1150 		cmdcnf->shells = cfg->shells;
1151 	if (cmdcnf->shell_default == NULL)
1152 		cmdcnf->shell_default = cfg->shell_default;
1153 	if (cmdcnf->default_group == NULL)
1154 		cmdcnf->default_group = cfg->default_group;
1155 	if (cmdcnf->groups == NULL)
1156 		cmdcnf->groups = cfg->groups;
1157 	if (cmdcnf->default_class == NULL)
1158 		cmdcnf->default_class = cfg->default_class;
1159 	if (cmdcnf->min_uid == 0)
1160 		cmdcnf->min_uid = cfg->min_uid;
1161 	if (cmdcnf->max_uid == 0)
1162 		cmdcnf->max_uid = cfg->max_uid;
1163 	if (cmdcnf->min_gid == 0)
1164 		cmdcnf->min_gid = cfg->min_gid;
1165 	if (cmdcnf->max_gid == 0)
1166 		cmdcnf->max_gid = cfg->max_gid;
1167 	if (cmdcnf->expire_days == 0)
1168 		cmdcnf->expire_days = cfg->expire_days;
1169 	if (cmdcnf->password_days == 0)
1170 		cmdcnf->password_days = cfg->password_days;
1171 }
1172 
1173 int
1174 pw_user_add(int argc, char **argv, char *arg1)
1175 {
1176 	struct userconf *cnf, *cmdcnf;
1177 	struct passwd *pwd;
1178 	struct group *grp;
1179 	struct stat st;
1180 	char args[] = "C:qn:u:c:d:e:p:g:G:mM:k:s:oL:i:w:h:H:Db:NPy:Y";
1181 	char line[_PASSWORD_LEN+1], path[MAXPATHLEN];
1182 	char *gecos, *homedir, *skel, *walk, *userid, *groupid, *grname;
1183 	char *default_passwd, *name, *p;
1184 	const char *cfg = NULL;
1185 	login_cap_t *lc;
1186 	FILE *pfp, *fp;
1187 	intmax_t id = -1;
1188 	time_t now;
1189 	int rc, ch, fd = -1;
1190 	size_t i;
1191 	bool dryrun, nis, pretty, quiet, createhome, precrypted, genconf;
1192 
1193 	dryrun = nis = pretty = quiet = createhome = precrypted = false;
1194 	genconf = false;
1195 	gecos = homedir = skel = userid = groupid = default_passwd = NULL;
1196 	grname = name = NULL;
1197 
1198 	if ((cmdcnf = calloc(1, sizeof(struct userconf))) == NULL)
1199 		err(EXIT_FAILURE, "calloc()");
1200 
1201 	if (arg1 != NULL) {
1202 		if (arg1[strspn(arg1, "0123456789")] == '\0')
1203 			id = pw_checkid(arg1, UID_MAX);
1204 		else
1205 			name = pw_checkname(arg1, 0);
1206 	}
1207 
1208 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, args)) != -1) {
1209 		switch (ch) {
1210 		case 'C':
1211 			cfg = optarg;
1212 			break;
1213 		case 'q':
1214 			quiet = true;
1215 			break;
1216 		case 'n':
1217 			name = pw_checkname(optarg, 0);
1218 			break;
1219 		case 'u':
1220 			userid = optarg;
1221 			break;
1222 		case 'c':
1223 			gecos = pw_checkname(optarg, 1);
1224 			break;
1225 		case 'd':
1226 			homedir = optarg;
1227 			break;
1228 		case 'e':
1229 			now = time(NULL);
1230 			cmdcnf->expire_days = parse_date(now, optarg);
1231 			break;
1232 		case 'p':
1233 			now = time(NULL);
1234 			cmdcnf->password_days = parse_date(now, optarg);
1235 			break;
1236 		case 'g':
1237 			validate_grname(cmdcnf, optarg);
1238 			grname = optarg;
1239 			break;
1240 		case 'G':
1241 			split_groups(&cmdcnf->groups, optarg);
1242 			break;
1243 		case 'm':
1244 			createhome = true;
1245 			break;
1246 		case 'M':
1247 			cmdcnf->homemode = validate_mode(optarg);
1248 			break;
1249 		case 'k':
1250 			walk = skel = optarg;
1251 			if (*walk == '/')
1252 				walk++;
1253 			if (fstatat(conf.rootfd, walk, &st, 0) == -1)
1254 				errx(EX_OSFILE, "skeleton `%s' does not "
1255 				    "exists", skel);
1256 			if (!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
1257 				errx(EX_OSFILE, "skeleton `%s' is not a "
1258 				    "directory", skel);
1259 			cmdcnf->dotdir = skel;
1260 			break;
1261 		case 's':
1262 			cmdcnf->shell_default = optarg;
1263 			break;
1264 		case 'o':
1265 			conf.checkduplicate = false;
1266 			break;
1267 		case 'L':
1268 			cmdcnf->default_class = pw_checkname(optarg, 0);
1269 			break;
1270 		case 'i':
1271 			groupid = optarg;
1272 			break;
1273 		case 'w':
1274 			default_passwd = optarg;
1275 			break;
1276 		case 'H':
1277 			if (fd != -1)
1278 				errx(EX_USAGE, "'-h' and '-H' are mutually "
1279 				    "exclusive options");
1280 			fd = pw_checkfd(optarg);
1281 			precrypted = true;
1282 			if (fd == '-')
1283 				errx(EX_USAGE, "-H expects a file descriptor");
1284 			break;
1285 		case 'h':
1286 			if (fd != -1)
1287 				errx(EX_USAGE, "'-h' and '-H' are mutually "
1288 				    "exclusive options");
1289 			fd = pw_checkfd(optarg);
1290 			break;
1291 		case 'D':
1292 			genconf = true;
1293 			break;
1294 		case 'b':
1295 			cmdcnf->home = optarg;
1296 			break;
1297 		case 'N':
1298 			dryrun = true;
1299 			break;
1300 		case 'P':
1301 			pretty = true;
1302 			break;
1303 		case 'y':
1304 			cmdcnf->nispasswd = optarg;
1305 			break;
1306 		case 'Y':
1307 			nis = true;
1308 			break;
1309 		}
1310 	}
1311 
1312 	if (geteuid() != 0 && ! dryrun)
1313 		errx(EX_NOPERM, "you must be root");
1314 
1315 	if (quiet)
1316 		freopen(_PATH_DEVNULL, "w", stderr);
1317 
1318 	cnf = get_userconfig(cfg);
1319 
1320 	mix_config(cmdcnf, cnf);
1321 	if (default_passwd)
1322 		cmdcnf->default_password = passwd_val(default_passwd,
1323 		    cnf->default_password);
1324 	if (genconf) {
1325 		if (name != NULL)
1326 			errx(EX_DATAERR, "can't combine `-D' with `-n name'");
1327 		if (userid != NULL) {
1328 			if ((p = strtok(userid, ", \t")) != NULL)
1329 				cmdcnf->min_uid = pw_checkid(p, UID_MAX);
1330 			if (cmdcnf->min_uid == 0)
1331 				cmdcnf->min_uid = 1000;
1332 			if ((p = strtok(NULL, " ,\t")) != NULL)
1333 				cmdcnf->max_uid = pw_checkid(p, UID_MAX);
1334 			if (cmdcnf->max_uid == 0)
1335 				cmdcnf->max_uid = 32000;
1336 		}
1337 		if (groupid != NULL) {
1338 			if ((p = strtok(groupid, ", \t")) != NULL)
1339 				cmdcnf->min_gid = pw_checkid(p, GID_MAX);
1340 			if (cmdcnf->min_gid == 0)
1341 				cmdcnf->min_gid = 1000;
1342 			if ((p = strtok(NULL, " ,\t")) != NULL)
1343 				cmdcnf->max_gid = pw_checkid(p, GID_MAX);
1344 			if (cmdcnf->max_gid == 0)
1345 				cmdcnf->max_gid = 32000;
1346 		}
1347 		if (write_userconfig(cmdcnf, cfg))
1348 			return (EXIT_SUCCESS);
1349 		err(EX_IOERR, "config update");
1350 	}
1351 
1352 	if (userid)
1353 		id = pw_checkid(userid, UID_MAX);
1354 	if (id < 0 && name == NULL)
1355 		errx(EX_DATAERR, "user name or id required");
1356 
1357 	if (name == NULL)
1358 		errx(EX_DATAERR, "login name required");
1359 
1360 	if (GETPWNAM(name) != NULL)
1361 		errx(EX_DATAERR, "login name `%s' already exists", name);
1362 
1363 	if (!grname)
1364 		grname = cmdcnf->default_group;
1365 
1366 	pwd = &fakeuser;
1367 	pwd->pw_name = name;
1368 	pwd->pw_class = cmdcnf->default_class ? cmdcnf->default_class : "";
1369 	pwd->pw_uid = pw_uidpolicy(cmdcnf, id);
1370 	pwd->pw_gid = pw_gidpolicy(cnf, grname, pwd->pw_name,
1371 	    (gid_t) pwd->pw_uid, dryrun);
1372 	pwd->pw_change = cmdcnf->password_days;
1373 	pwd->pw_expire = cmdcnf->expire_days;
1374 	pwd->pw_dir = pw_homepolicy(cmdcnf, homedir, pwd->pw_name);
1375 	pwd->pw_shell = pw_shellpolicy(cmdcnf);
1376 	lc = login_getpwclass(pwd);
1377 	if (lc == NULL || login_setcryptfmt(lc, "sha512", NULL) == NULL)
1378 		warn("setting crypt(3) format");
1379 	login_close(lc);
1380 	pwd->pw_passwd = pw_password(cmdcnf, pwd->pw_name, dryrun);
1381 	if (pwd->pw_uid == 0 && strcmp(pwd->pw_name, "root") != 0)
1382 		warnx("WARNING: new account `%s' has a uid of 0 "
1383 		    "(superuser access!)", pwd->pw_name);
1384 	if (gecos)
1385 		pwd->pw_gecos = gecos;
1386 
1387 	if (fd != -1)
1388 		pw_set_passwd(pwd, fd, precrypted, false);
1389 
1390 	if (dryrun)
1391 		return (print_user(pwd, pretty, false));
1392 
1393 	if ((rc = addpwent(pwd)) != 0) {
1394 		if (rc == -1)
1395 			errx(EX_IOERR, "user '%s' already exists",
1396 			    pwd->pw_name);
1397 		else if (rc != 0)
1398 			err(EX_IOERR, "passwd file update");
1399 	}
1400 	if (nis && cmdcnf->nispasswd && *cmdcnf->nispasswd == '/') {
1401 		printf("%s\n", cmdcnf->nispasswd);
1402 		rc = addnispwent(cmdcnf->nispasswd, pwd);
1403 		if (rc == -1)
1404 			warnx("User '%s' already exists in NIS passwd",
1405 			    pwd->pw_name);
1406 		else if (rc != 0)
1407 			warn("NIS passwd update");
1408 		/* NOTE: we treat NIS-only update errors as non-fatal */
1409 	}
1410 
1411 	if (cmdcnf->groups != NULL) {
1412 		for (i = 0; i < cmdcnf->groups->sl_cur; i++) {
1413 			grp = GETGRNAM(cmdcnf->groups->sl_str[i]);
1414 			grp = gr_add(grp, pwd->pw_name);
1415 			/*
1416 			 * grp can only be NULL in 2 cases:
1417 			 * - the new member is already a member
1418 			 * - a problem with memory occurs
1419 			 * in both cases we want to skip now.
1420 			 */
1421 			if (grp == NULL)
1422 				continue;
1423 			chggrent(grp->gr_name, grp);
1424 			free(grp);
1425 		}
1426 	}
1427 
1428 	pwd = GETPWNAM(name);
1429 	if (pwd == NULL)
1430 		errx(EX_NOUSER, "user '%s' disappeared during update", name);
1431 
1432 	grp = GETGRGID(pwd->pw_gid);
1433 	pw_log(cnf, M_ADD, W_USER, "%s(%ju):%s(%ju):%s:%s:%s",
1434 	       pwd->pw_name, (uintmax_t)pwd->pw_uid,
1435 	    grp ? grp->gr_name : "unknown",
1436 	       (uintmax_t)(grp ? grp->gr_gid : (uid_t)-1),
1437 	       pwd->pw_gecos, pwd->pw_dir, pwd->pw_shell);
1438 
1439 	/*
1440 	 * let's touch and chown the user's mail file. This is not
1441 	 * strictly necessary under BSD with a 0755 maildir but it also
1442 	 * doesn't hurt anything to create the empty mailfile
1443 	 */
1444 	if (PWALTDIR() != PWF_ALT) {
1445 		snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/%s", _PATH_MAILDIR,
1446 		    pwd->pw_name);
1447 		/* Preserve contents & mtime */
1448 		close(openat(conf.rootfd, path +1, O_RDWR | O_CREAT, 0600));
1449 		fchownat(conf.rootfd, path + 1, pwd->pw_uid, pwd->pw_gid,
1450 		    AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW);
1451 	}
1452 
1453 	/*
1454 	 * Let's create and populate the user's home directory. Note
1455 	 * that this also `works' for editing users if -m is used, but
1456 	 * existing files will *not* be overwritten.
1457 	 */
1458 	if (PWALTDIR() != PWF_ALT && createhome && pwd->pw_dir &&
1459 	    *pwd->pw_dir == '/' && pwd->pw_dir[1])
1460 		create_and_populate_homedir(cmdcnf, pwd, cmdcnf->dotdir,
1461 		    cmdcnf->homemode, false);
1462 
1463 	if (!PWALTDIR() && cmdcnf->newmail && *cmdcnf->newmail &&
1464 	    (fp = fopen(cnf->newmail, "r")) != NULL) {
1465 		if ((pfp = popen(_PATH_SENDMAIL " -t", "w")) == NULL)
1466 			warn("sendmail");
1467 		else {
1468 			fprintf(pfp, "From: root\n" "To: %s\n"
1469 			    "Subject: Welcome!\n\n", pwd->pw_name);
1470 			while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), fp) != NULL) {
1471 				/* Do substitutions? */
1472 				fputs(line, pfp);
1473 			}
1474 			pclose(pfp);
1475 			pw_log(cnf, M_ADD, W_USER, "%s(%ju) new user mail sent",
1476 			    pwd->pw_name, (uintmax_t)pwd->pw_uid);
1477 		}
1478 		fclose(fp);
1479 	}
1480 
1481 	if (nis && nis_update() == 0)
1482 		pw_log(cnf, M_ADD, W_USER, "NIS maps updated");
1483 
1484 	return (EXIT_SUCCESS);
1485 }
1486 
1487 int
1488 pw_user_mod(int argc, char **argv, char *arg1)
1489 {
1490 	struct userconf *cnf;
1491 	struct passwd *pwd;
1492 	struct group *grp;
1493 	StringList *groups = NULL;
1494 	char args[] = "C:qn:u:c:d:e:p:g:G:mM:l:k:s:w:L:h:H:NPYy:";
1495 	const char *cfg = NULL;
1496 	char *gecos, *homedir, *grname, *name, *newname, *walk, *skel, *shell;
1497 	char *passwd, *class, *nispasswd;
1498 	login_cap_t *lc;
1499 	struct stat st;
1500 	intmax_t id = -1;
1501 	int ch, fd = -1;
1502 	size_t i, j;
1503 	bool quiet, createhome, pretty, dryrun, nis, edited;
1504 	bool precrypted;
1505 	mode_t homemode = 0;
1506 	time_t expire_days, password_days, now;
1507 
1508 	expire_days = password_days = -1;
1509 	gecos = homedir = grname = name = newname = skel = shell =NULL;
1510 	passwd = NULL;
1511 	class = nispasswd = NULL;
1512 	quiet = createhome = pretty = dryrun = nis = precrypted = false;
1513 	edited = false;
1514 
1515 	if (arg1 != NULL) {
1516 		if (arg1[strspn(arg1, "0123456789")] == '\0')
1517 			id = pw_checkid(arg1, UID_MAX);
1518 		else
1519 			name = arg1;
1520 	}
1521 
1522 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, args)) != -1) {
1523 		switch (ch) {
1524 		case 'C':
1525 			cfg = optarg;
1526 			break;
1527 		case 'q':
1528 			quiet = true;
1529 			break;
1530 		case 'n':
1531 			name = optarg;
1532 			break;
1533 		case 'u':
1534 			id = pw_checkid(optarg, UID_MAX);
1535 			break;
1536 		case 'c':
1537 			gecos = pw_checkname(optarg, 1);
1538 			break;
1539 		case 'd':
1540 			homedir = optarg;
1541 			break;
1542 		case 'e':
1543 			now = time(NULL);
1544 			expire_days = parse_date(now, optarg);
1545 			break;
1546 		case 'p':
1547 			now = time(NULL);
1548 			password_days = parse_date(now, optarg);
1549 			break;
1550 		case 'g':
1551 			group_from_name_or_id(optarg);
1552 			grname = optarg;
1553 			break;
1554 		case 'G':
1555 			split_groups(&groups, optarg);
1556 			break;
1557 		case 'm':
1558 			createhome = true;
1559 			break;
1560 		case 'M':
1561 			homemode = validate_mode(optarg);
1562 			break;
1563 		case 'l':
1564 			newname = optarg;
1565 			break;
1566 		case 'k':
1567 			walk = skel = optarg;
1568 			if (*walk == '/')
1569 				walk++;
1570 			if (fstatat(conf.rootfd, walk, &st, 0) == -1)
1571 				errx(EX_OSFILE, "skeleton `%s' does not "
1572 				    "exists", skel);
1573 			if (!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
1574 				errx(EX_OSFILE, "skeleton `%s' is not a "
1575 				    "directory", skel);
1576 			break;
1577 		case 's':
1578 			shell = optarg;
1579 			break;
1580 		case 'w':
1581 			passwd = optarg;
1582 			break;
1583 		case 'L':
1584 			class = pw_checkname(optarg, 0);
1585 			break;
1586 		case 'H':
1587 			if (fd != -1)
1588 				errx(EX_USAGE, "'-h' and '-H' are mutually "
1589 				    "exclusive options");
1590 			fd = pw_checkfd(optarg);
1591 			precrypted = true;
1592 			if (fd == '-')
1593 				errx(EX_USAGE, "-H expects a file descriptor");
1594 			break;
1595 		case 'h':
1596 			if (fd != -1)
1597 				errx(EX_USAGE, "'-h' and '-H' are mutually "
1598 				    "exclusive options");
1599 			fd = pw_checkfd(optarg);
1600 			break;
1601 		case 'N':
1602 			dryrun = true;
1603 			break;
1604 		case 'P':
1605 			pretty = true;
1606 			break;
1607 		case 'y':
1608 			nispasswd = optarg;
1609 			break;
1610 		case 'Y':
1611 			nis = true;
1612 			break;
1613 		}
1614 	}
1615 
1616 	if (geteuid() != 0 && ! dryrun)
1617 		errx(EX_NOPERM, "you must be root");
1618 
1619 	if (quiet)
1620 		freopen(_PATH_DEVNULL, "w", stderr);
1621 
1622 	cnf = get_userconfig(cfg);
1623 
1624 	if (id < 0 && name == NULL)
1625 		errx(EX_DATAERR, "username or id required");
1626 
1627 	pwd = (name != NULL) ? GETPWNAM(pw_checkname(name, 0)) : GETPWUID(id);
1628 	if (pwd == NULL) {
1629 		if (name == NULL)
1630 			errx(EX_NOUSER, "no such uid `%ju'",
1631 			    (uintmax_t) id);
1632 		errx(EX_NOUSER, "no such user `%s'", name);
1633 	}
1634 
1635 	if (name == NULL)
1636 		name = pwd->pw_name;
1637 
1638 	if (nis && nispasswd == NULL)
1639 		nispasswd = cnf->nispasswd;
1640 
1641 	if (PWF._altdir == PWF_REGULAR &&
1642 	    ((pwd->pw_fields & _PWF_SOURCE) != _PWF_FILES)) {
1643 		if ((pwd->pw_fields & _PWF_SOURCE) == _PWF_NIS) {
1644 			if (!nis && nispasswd && *nispasswd != '/')
1645 				errx(EX_NOUSER, "Cannot modify NIS user `%s'",
1646 				    name);
1647 		} else {
1648 			errx(EX_NOUSER, "Cannot modify non local user `%s'",
1649 			    name);
1650 		}
1651 	}
1652 
1653 	if (newname) {
1654 		if (strcmp(pwd->pw_name, "root") == 0)
1655 			errx(EX_DATAERR, "can't rename `root' account");
1656 		if (strcmp(pwd->pw_name, newname) != 0) {
1657 			pwd->pw_name = pw_checkname(newname, 0);
1658 			edited = true;
1659 		}
1660 	}
1661 
1662 	if (id >= 0 && pwd->pw_uid != id) {
1663 		pwd->pw_uid = id;
1664 		edited = true;
1665 		if (pwd->pw_uid != 0 && strcmp(pwd->pw_name, "root") == 0)
1666 			errx(EX_DATAERR, "can't change uid of `root' account");
1667 		if (pwd->pw_uid == 0 && strcmp(pwd->pw_name, "root") != 0)
1668 			warnx("WARNING: account `%s' will have a uid of 0 "
1669 			    "(superuser access!)", pwd->pw_name);
1670 	}
1671 
1672 	if (grname && pwd->pw_uid != 0) {
1673 		grp = GETGRNAM(grname);
1674 		if (grp == NULL)
1675 			grp = GETGRGID(pw_checkid(grname, GID_MAX));
1676 		if (grp->gr_gid != pwd->pw_gid) {
1677 			pwd->pw_gid = grp->gr_gid;
1678 			edited = true;
1679 		}
1680 	}
1681 
1682 	if (password_days >= 0 && pwd->pw_change != password_days) {
1683 		pwd->pw_change = password_days;
1684 		edited = true;
1685 	}
1686 
1687 	if (expire_days >= 0 && pwd->pw_expire != expire_days) {
1688 		pwd->pw_expire = expire_days;
1689 		edited = true;
1690 	}
1691 
1692 	if (shell) {
1693 		shell = shell_path(cnf->shelldir, cnf->shells, shell);
1694 		if (shell == NULL)
1695 			shell = "";
1696 		if (strcmp(shell, pwd->pw_shell) != 0) {
1697 			pwd->pw_shell = shell;
1698 			edited = true;
1699 		}
1700 	}
1701 
1702 	if (class && strcmp(pwd->pw_class, class) != 0) {
1703 		pwd->pw_class = class;
1704 		edited = true;
1705 	}
1706 
1707 	if (homedir && strcmp(pwd->pw_dir, homedir) != 0) {
1708 		pwd->pw_dir = homedir;
1709 		edited = true;
1710 		if (fstatat(conf.rootfd, pwd->pw_dir, &st, 0) == -1) {
1711 			if (!createhome)
1712 				warnx("WARNING: home `%s' does not exist",
1713 				    pwd->pw_dir);
1714 		} else if (!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
1715 			warnx("WARNING: home `%s' is not a directory",
1716 			    pwd->pw_dir);
1717 		}
1718 	}
1719 
1720 	if (passwd && conf.fd == -1) {
1721 		lc = login_getpwclass(pwd);
1722 		if (lc == NULL || login_setcryptfmt(lc, "sha512", NULL) == NULL)
1723 			warn("setting crypt(3) format");
1724 		login_close(lc);
1725 		cnf->default_password = passwd_val(passwd,
1726 		    cnf->default_password);
1727 		pwd->pw_passwd = pw_password(cnf, pwd->pw_name, dryrun);
1728 		edited = true;
1729 	}
1730 
1731 	if (gecos && strcmp(pwd->pw_gecos, gecos) != 0) {
1732 		pwd->pw_gecos = gecos;
1733 		edited = true;
1734 	}
1735 
1736 	if (fd != -1)
1737 		edited = pw_set_passwd(pwd, fd, precrypted, true);
1738 
1739 	if (dryrun)
1740 		return (print_user(pwd, pretty, false));
1741 
1742 	if (edited) /* Only updated this if required */
1743 		perform_chgpwent(name, pwd, nis ? nispasswd : NULL);
1744 	/* Now perform the needed changes concern groups */
1745 	if (groups != NULL) {
1746 		/* Delete User from groups using old name */
1747 		SETGRENT();
1748 		while ((grp = GETGRENT()) != NULL) {
1749 			if (grp->gr_mem == NULL)
1750 				continue;
1751 			for (i = 0; grp->gr_mem[i] != NULL; i++) {
1752 				if (strcmp(grp->gr_mem[i] , name) != 0)
1753 					continue;
1754 				for (j = i; grp->gr_mem[j] != NULL ; j++)
1755 					grp->gr_mem[j] = grp->gr_mem[j+1];
1756 				chggrent(grp->gr_name, grp);
1757 				break;
1758 			}
1759 		}
1760 		ENDGRENT();
1761 		/* Add the user to the needed groups */
1762 		for (i = 0; i < groups->sl_cur; i++) {
1763 			grp = GETGRNAM(groups->sl_str[i]);
1764 			grp = gr_add(grp, pwd->pw_name);
1765 			if (grp == NULL)
1766 				continue;
1767 			chggrent(grp->gr_name, grp);
1768 			free(grp);
1769 		}
1770 	}
1771 	/* In case of rename we need to walk over the different groups */
1772 	if (newname) {
1773 		SETGRENT();
1774 		while ((grp = GETGRENT()) != NULL) {
1775 			if (grp->gr_mem == NULL)
1776 				continue;
1777 			for (i = 0; grp->gr_mem[i] != NULL; i++) {
1778 				if (strcmp(grp->gr_mem[i], name) != 0)
1779 					continue;
1780 				grp->gr_mem[i] = newname;
1781 				chggrent(grp->gr_name, grp);
1782 				break;
1783 			}
1784 		}
1785 	}
1786 
1787 	/* go get a current version of pwd */
1788 	if (newname)
1789 		name = newname;
1790 	pwd = GETPWNAM(name);
1791 	if (pwd == NULL)
1792 		errx(EX_NOUSER, "user '%s' disappeared during update", name);
1793 	grp = GETGRGID(pwd->pw_gid);
1794 	pw_log(cnf, M_UPDATE, W_USER, "%s(%ju):%s(%ju):%s:%s:%s",
1795 	    pwd->pw_name, (uintmax_t)pwd->pw_uid,
1796 	    grp ? grp->gr_name : "unknown",
1797 	    (uintmax_t)(grp ? grp->gr_gid : (uid_t)-1),
1798 	    pwd->pw_gecos, pwd->pw_dir, pwd->pw_shell);
1799 
1800 	/*
1801 	 * Let's create and populate the user's home directory. Note
1802 	 * that this also `works' for editing users if -m is used, but
1803 	 * existing files will *not* be overwritten.
1804 	 */
1805 	if (PWALTDIR() != PWF_ALT && createhome && pwd->pw_dir &&
1806 	    *pwd->pw_dir == '/' && pwd->pw_dir[1]) {
1807 		if (!skel)
1808 			skel = cnf->dotdir;
1809 		if (homemode == 0)
1810 			homemode = cnf->homemode;
1811 		create_and_populate_homedir(cnf, pwd, skel, homemode, true);
1812 	}
1813 
1814 	if (nis && nis_update() == 0)
1815 		pw_log(cnf, M_UPDATE, W_USER, "NIS maps updated");
1816 
1817 	return (EXIT_SUCCESS);
1818 }
1819