xref: /freebsd/usr.sbin/pw/pw_user.c (revision 10aa369afd9946da18ae51b07aeadc3314fba56d)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
3  *
4  * Copyright (C) 1996
5  *	David L. Nugent.  All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9  * are met:
10  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15  *
16  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY DAVID L. NUGENT AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
17  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
18  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
19  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL DAVID L. NUGENT OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
20  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
21  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
22  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
23  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
24  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
25  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
26  * SUCH DAMAGE.
27  *
28  */
29 
30 #ifndef lint
31 static const char rcsid[] =
32   "$FreeBSD$";
33 #endif /* not lint */
34 
35 #include <sys/param.h>
36 #include <sys/types.h>
37 
38 #include <assert.h>
39 #include <ctype.h>
40 #include <dirent.h>
41 #include <err.h>
42 #include <errno.h>
43 #include <fcntl.h>
44 #include <grp.h>
45 #include <pwd.h>
46 #include <libutil.h>
47 #include <login_cap.h>
48 #include <paths.h>
49 #include <string.h>
50 #include <sysexits.h>
51 #include <termios.h>
52 #include <unistd.h>
53 #include <spawn.h>
54 
55 #include "pw.h"
56 #include "bitmap.h"
57 #include "psdate.h"
58 
59 #define LOGNAMESIZE (MAXLOGNAME-1)
60 
61 extern char **environ;
62 static		char locked_str[] = "*LOCKED*";
63 
64 static struct passwd fakeuser = {
65 	"nouser",
66 	"*",
67 	-1,
68 	-1,
69 	0,
70 	"",
71 	"User &",
72 	"/nonexistent",
73 	"/bin/sh",
74 	0,
75 	0
76 };
77 
78 static int	 print_user(struct passwd *pwd, bool pretty, bool v7);
79 static uid_t	 pw_uidpolicy(struct userconf *cnf, intmax_t id);
80 static uid_t	 pw_gidpolicy(struct userconf *cnf, char *grname, char *nam,
81     gid_t prefer, bool dryrun);
82 static char	*pw_homepolicy(struct userconf * cnf, char *homedir,
83     const char *user);
84 static char	*pw_shellpolicy(struct userconf * cnf);
85 static char	*pw_password(struct userconf * cnf, char const * user);
86 static char	*shell_path(char const * path, char *shells[], char *sh);
87 static void	rmat(uid_t uid);
88 
89 static void
90 mkdir_home_parents(int dfd, const char *dir)
91 {
92 	struct stat st;
93 	char *dirs, *tmp;
94 
95 	if (*dir != '/')
96 		errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid base directory for home '%s'", dir);
97 
98 	dir++;
99 
100 	if (fstatat(dfd, dir, &st, 0) != -1) {
101 		if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
102 			return;
103 		errx(EX_OSFILE, "root home `/%s' is not a directory", dir);
104 	}
105 
106 	dirs = strdup(dir);
107 	if (dirs == NULL)
108 		errx(EX_UNAVAILABLE, "out of memory");
109 
110 	tmp = strrchr(dirs, '/');
111 	if (tmp == NULL) {
112 		free(dirs);
113 		return;
114 	}
115 	tmp[0] = '\0';
116 
117 	/*
118 	 * This is a kludge especially for Joerg :)
119 	 * If the home directory would be created in the root partition, then
120 	 * we really create it under /usr which is likely to have more space.
121 	 * But we create a symlink from cnf->home -> "/usr" -> cnf->home
122 	 */
123 	if (strchr(dirs, '/') == NULL) {
124 		asprintf(&tmp, "usr/%s", dirs);
125 		if (tmp == NULL)
126 			errx(EX_UNAVAILABLE, "out of memory");
127 		if (mkdirat(dfd, tmp, _DEF_DIRMODE) != -1 || errno == EEXIST) {
128 			fchownat(dfd, tmp, 0, 0, 0);
129 			symlinkat(tmp, dfd, dirs);
130 		}
131 		free(tmp);
132 	}
133 	tmp = dirs;
134 	if (fstatat(dfd, dirs, &st, 0) == -1) {
135 		while ((tmp = strchr(tmp + 1, '/')) != NULL) {
136 			*tmp = '\0';
137 			if (fstatat(dfd, dirs, &st, 0) == -1) {
138 				if (mkdirat(dfd, dirs, _DEF_DIRMODE) == -1)
139 					err(EX_OSFILE,  "'%s' (root home parent) is not a directory", dirs);
140 			}
141 			*tmp = '/';
142 		}
143 	}
144 	if (fstatat(dfd, dirs, &st, 0) == -1) {
145 		if (mkdirat(dfd, dirs, _DEF_DIRMODE) == -1)
146 			err(EX_OSFILE,  "'%s' (root home parent) is not a directory", dirs);
147 		fchownat(dfd, dirs, 0, 0, 0);
148 	}
149 
150 	free(dirs);
151 }
152 
153 static void
154 create_and_populate_homedir(struct userconf *cnf, struct passwd *pwd,
155     const char *skeldir, mode_t homemode, bool update)
156 {
157 	int skelfd = -1;
158 
159 	/* Create home parents directories */
160 	mkdir_home_parents(conf.rootfd, pwd->pw_dir);
161 
162 	if (skeldir != NULL && *skeldir != '\0') {
163 		if (*skeldir == '/')
164 			skeldir++;
165 		skelfd = openat(conf.rootfd, skeldir, O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC);
166 	}
167 
168 	copymkdir(conf.rootfd, pwd->pw_dir, skelfd, homemode, pwd->pw_uid,
169 	    pwd->pw_gid, 0);
170 	pw_log(cnf, update ? M_UPDATE : M_ADD, W_USER, "%s(%ju) home %s made",
171 	    pwd->pw_name, (uintmax_t)pwd->pw_uid, pwd->pw_dir);
172 }
173 
174 static int
175 pw_set_passwd(struct passwd *pwd, int fd, bool precrypted, bool update)
176 {
177 	int		 b, istty;
178 	struct termios	 t, n;
179 	login_cap_t	*lc;
180 	char		line[_PASSWORD_LEN+1];
181 	char		*p;
182 
183 	if (fd == '-') {
184 		if (!pwd->pw_passwd || *pwd->pw_passwd != '*') {
185 			pwd->pw_passwd = "*";	/* No access */
186 			return (1);
187 		}
188 		return (0);
189 	}
190 
191 	if ((istty = isatty(fd))) {
192 		if (tcgetattr(fd, &t) == -1)
193 			istty = 0;
194 		else {
195 			n = t;
196 			n.c_lflag &= ~(ECHO);
197 			tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &n);
198 			printf("%s%spassword for user %s:",
199 			    update ? "new " : "",
200 			    precrypted ? "encrypted " : "",
201 			    pwd->pw_name);
202 			fflush(stdout);
203 		}
204 	}
205 	b = read(fd, line, sizeof(line) - 1);
206 	if (istty) {	/* Restore state */
207 		tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &t);
208 		fputc('\n', stdout);
209 		fflush(stdout);
210 	}
211 
212 	if (b < 0)
213 		err(EX_IOERR, "-%c file descriptor",
214 		    precrypted ? 'H' : 'h');
215 	line[b] = '\0';
216 	if ((p = strpbrk(line, "\r\n")) != NULL)
217 		*p = '\0';
218 	if (!*line)
219 		errx(EX_DATAERR, "empty password read on file descriptor %d",
220 		    fd);
221 	if (precrypted) {
222 		if (strchr(line, ':') != NULL)
223 			errx(EX_DATAERR, "bad encrypted password");
224 		pwd->pw_passwd = strdup(line);
225 	} else {
226 		lc = login_getpwclass(pwd);
227 		if (lc == NULL ||
228 				login_setcryptfmt(lc, "sha512", NULL) == NULL)
229 			warn("setting crypt(3) format");
230 		login_close(lc);
231 		pwd->pw_passwd = pw_pwcrypt(line);
232 	}
233 	return (1);
234 }
235 
236 static void
237 perform_chgpwent(const char *name, struct passwd *pwd, char *nispasswd)
238 {
239 	int rc;
240 	struct passwd *nispwd;
241 
242 	/* duplicate for nis so that chgpwent is not modifying before NIS */
243 	if (nispasswd && *nispasswd == '/')
244 		nispwd = pw_dup(pwd);
245 
246 	rc = chgpwent(name, pwd);
247 	if (rc == -1)
248 		errx(EX_IOERR, "user '%s' does not exist (NIS?)", pwd->pw_name);
249 	else if (rc != 0)
250 		err(EX_IOERR, "passwd file update");
251 
252 	if (nispasswd && *nispasswd == '/') {
253 		rc = chgnispwent(nispasswd, name, nispwd);
254 		if (rc == -1)
255 			warn("User '%s' not found in NIS passwd", pwd->pw_name);
256 		else if (rc != 0)
257 			warn("NIS passwd update");
258 		/* NOTE: NIS-only update errors are not fatal */
259 	}
260 }
261 
262 /*
263  * The M_LOCK and M_UNLOCK functions simply add or remove
264  * a "*LOCKED*" prefix from in front of the password to
265  * prevent it decoding correctly, and therefore prevents
266  * access. Of course, this only prevents access via
267  * password authentication (not ssh, kerberos or any
268  * other method that does not use the UNIX password) but
269  * that is a known limitation.
270  */
271 static int
272 pw_userlock(char *arg1, int mode)
273 {
274 	struct passwd *pwd = NULL;
275 	char *passtmp = NULL;
276 	char *name;
277 	bool locked = false;
278 	uid_t id = (uid_t)-1;
279 
280 	if (geteuid() != 0)
281 		errx(EX_NOPERM, "you must be root");
282 
283 	if (arg1 == NULL)
284 		errx(EX_DATAERR, "username or id required");
285 
286 	name = arg1;
287 	if (arg1[strspn(name, "0123456789")] == '\0')
288 		id = pw_checkid(name, UID_MAX);
289 
290 	pwd = GETPWNAM(pw_checkname(name, 0));
291 	if (pwd == NULL && id != (uid_t)-1) {
292 		pwd = GETPWUID(id);
293 		if (pwd != NULL)
294 			name = pwd->pw_name;
295 	}
296 	if (pwd == NULL) {
297 		if (id == (uid_t)-1)
298 			errx(EX_NOUSER, "no such name or uid `%ju'", (uintmax_t) id);
299 		errx(EX_NOUSER, "no such user `%s'", name);
300 	}
301 
302 	if (name == NULL)
303 		name = pwd->pw_name;
304 
305 	if (strncmp(pwd->pw_passwd, locked_str, sizeof(locked_str) -1) == 0)
306 		locked = true;
307 	if (mode == M_LOCK && locked)
308 		errx(EX_DATAERR, "user '%s' is already locked", pwd->pw_name);
309 	if (mode == M_UNLOCK && !locked)
310 		errx(EX_DATAERR, "user '%s' is not locked", pwd->pw_name);
311 
312 	if (mode == M_LOCK) {
313 		asprintf(&passtmp, "%s%s", locked_str, pwd->pw_passwd);
314 		if (passtmp == NULL)	/* disaster */
315 			errx(EX_UNAVAILABLE, "out of memory");
316 		pwd->pw_passwd = passtmp;
317 	} else {
318 		pwd->pw_passwd += sizeof(locked_str)-1;
319 	}
320 
321 	perform_chgpwent(name, pwd, NULL);
322 	free(passtmp);
323 
324 	return (EXIT_SUCCESS);
325 }
326 
327 static uid_t
328 pw_uidpolicy(struct userconf * cnf, intmax_t id)
329 {
330 	struct passwd  *pwd;
331 	struct bitmap   bm;
332 	uid_t           uid = (uid_t) - 1;
333 
334 	/*
335 	 * Check the given uid, if any
336 	 */
337 	if (id >= 0) {
338 		uid = (uid_t) id;
339 
340 		if ((pwd = GETPWUID(uid)) != NULL && conf.checkduplicate)
341 			errx(EX_DATAERR, "uid `%ju' has already been allocated",
342 			    (uintmax_t)pwd->pw_uid);
343 		return (uid);
344 	}
345 	/*
346 	 * We need to allocate the next available uid under one of
347 	 * two policies a) Grab the first unused uid b) Grab the
348 	 * highest possible unused uid
349 	 */
350 	if (cnf->min_uid >= cnf->max_uid) {	/* Sanity
351 						 * claus^H^H^H^Hheck */
352 		cnf->min_uid = 1000;
353 		cnf->max_uid = 32000;
354 	}
355 	bm = bm_alloc(cnf->max_uid - cnf->min_uid + 1);
356 
357 	/*
358 	 * Now, let's fill the bitmap from the password file
359 	 */
360 	SETPWENT();
361 	while ((pwd = GETPWENT()) != NULL)
362 		if (pwd->pw_uid >= (uid_t) cnf->min_uid && pwd->pw_uid <= (uid_t) cnf->max_uid)
363 			bm_setbit(&bm, pwd->pw_uid - cnf->min_uid);
364 	ENDPWENT();
365 
366 	/*
367 	 * Then apply the policy, with fallback to reuse if necessary
368 	 */
369 	if (cnf->reuse_uids || (uid = (uid_t) (bm_lastset(&bm) + cnf->min_uid + 1)) > cnf->max_uid)
370 		uid = (uid_t) (bm_firstunset(&bm) + cnf->min_uid);
371 
372 	/*
373 	 * Another sanity check
374 	 */
375 	if (uid < cnf->min_uid || uid > cnf->max_uid)
376 		errx(EX_SOFTWARE, "unable to allocate a new uid - range fully used");
377 	bm_dealloc(&bm);
378 	return (uid);
379 }
380 
381 static uid_t
382 pw_gidpolicy(struct userconf *cnf, char *grname, char *nam, gid_t prefer, bool dryrun)
383 {
384 	struct group   *grp;
385 	gid_t           gid = (uid_t) - 1;
386 
387 	/*
388 	 * Check the given gid, if any
389 	 */
390 	SETGRENT();
391 	if (grname) {
392 		if ((grp = GETGRNAM(grname)) == NULL) {
393 			gid = pw_checkid(grname, GID_MAX);
394 			grp = GETGRGID(gid);
395 		}
396 		gid = grp->gr_gid;
397 	} else if ((grp = GETGRNAM(nam)) != NULL &&
398 	    (grp->gr_mem == NULL || grp->gr_mem[0] == NULL)) {
399 		gid = grp->gr_gid;  /* Already created? Use it anyway... */
400 	} else {
401 		intmax_t		grid = -1;
402 
403 		/*
404 		 * We need to auto-create a group with the user's name. We
405 		 * can send all the appropriate output to our sister routine
406 		 * bit first see if we can create a group with gid==uid so we
407 		 * can keep the user and group ids in sync. We purposely do
408 		 * NOT check the gid range if we can force the sync. If the
409 		 * user's name dups an existing group, then the group add
410 		 * function will happily handle that case for us and exit.
411 		 */
412 		if (GETGRGID(prefer) == NULL)
413 			grid = prefer;
414 		if (dryrun) {
415 			gid = pw_groupnext(cnf, true);
416 		} else {
417 			if (grid == -1)
418 				grid =  pw_groupnext(cnf, true);
419 			groupadd(cnf, nam, grid, NULL, -1, false, false, false);
420 			if ((grp = GETGRNAM(nam)) != NULL)
421 				gid = grp->gr_gid;
422 		}
423 	}
424 	ENDGRENT();
425 	return (gid);
426 }
427 
428 static char *
429 pw_homepolicy(struct userconf * cnf, char *homedir, const char *user)
430 {
431 	static char     home[128];
432 
433 	if (homedir)
434 		return (homedir);
435 
436 	if (cnf->home == NULL || *cnf->home == '\0')
437 		errx(EX_CONFIG, "no base home directory set");
438 	snprintf(home, sizeof(home), "%s/%s", cnf->home, user);
439 
440 	return (home);
441 }
442 
443 static char *
444 shell_path(char const * path, char *shells[], char *sh)
445 {
446 	if (sh != NULL && (*sh == '/' || *sh == '\0'))
447 		return sh;	/* specified full path or forced none */
448 	else {
449 		char           *p;
450 		char            paths[_UC_MAXLINE];
451 
452 		/*
453 		 * We need to search paths
454 		 */
455 		strlcpy(paths, path, sizeof(paths));
456 		for (p = strtok(paths, ": \t\r\n"); p != NULL; p = strtok(NULL, ": \t\r\n")) {
457 			int             i;
458 			static char     shellpath[256];
459 
460 			if (sh != NULL) {
461 				snprintf(shellpath, sizeof(shellpath), "%s/%s", p, sh);
462 				if (access(shellpath, X_OK) == 0)
463 					return shellpath;
464 			} else
465 				for (i = 0; i < _UC_MAXSHELLS && shells[i] != NULL; i++) {
466 					snprintf(shellpath, sizeof(shellpath), "%s/%s", p, shells[i]);
467 					if (access(shellpath, X_OK) == 0)
468 						return shellpath;
469 				}
470 		}
471 		if (sh == NULL)
472 			errx(EX_OSFILE, "can't find shell `%s' in shell paths", sh);
473 		errx(EX_CONFIG, "no default shell available or defined");
474 		return NULL;
475 	}
476 }
477 
478 static char *
479 pw_shellpolicy(struct userconf * cnf)
480 {
481 
482 	return shell_path(cnf->shelldir, cnf->shells, cnf->shell_default);
483 }
484 
485 #define	SALTSIZE	32
486 
487 static char const chars[] = "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ./";
488 
489 char *
490 pw_pwcrypt(char *password)
491 {
492 	int             i;
493 	char            salt[SALTSIZE + 1];
494 	char		*cryptpw;
495 	static char     buf[256];
496 	size_t		pwlen;
497 
498 	/*
499 	 * Calculate a salt value
500 	 */
501 	for (i = 0; i < SALTSIZE; i++)
502 		salt[i] = chars[arc4random_uniform(sizeof(chars) - 1)];
503 	salt[SALTSIZE] = '\0';
504 
505 	cryptpw = crypt(password, salt);
506 	if (cryptpw == NULL)
507 		errx(EX_CONFIG, "crypt(3) failure");
508 	pwlen = strlcpy(buf, cryptpw, sizeof(buf));
509 	assert(pwlen < sizeof(buf));
510 	return (buf);
511 }
512 
513 static char *
514 pw_password(struct userconf * cnf, char const * user)
515 {
516 	int             i, l;
517 	char            pwbuf[32];
518 
519 	switch (cnf->default_password) {
520 	case P_NONE:		/* No password at all! */
521 		return "";
522 	case P_RANDOM:			/* Random password */
523 		l = (arc4random() % 8 + 8);	/* 8 - 16 chars */
524 		for (i = 0; i < l; i++)
525 			pwbuf[i] = chars[arc4random_uniform(sizeof(chars)-1)];
526 		pwbuf[i] = '\0';
527 
528 		/*
529 		 * We give this information back to the user
530 		 */
531 		if (conf.fd == -1) {
532 			if (isatty(STDOUT_FILENO))
533 				printf("Password for '%s' is: ", user);
534 			printf("%s\n", pwbuf);
535 			fflush(stdout);
536 		}
537 		break;
538 	case P_YES:		/* user's name */
539 		strlcpy(pwbuf, user, sizeof(pwbuf));
540 		break;
541 	case P_NO:		/* No login - default */
542 				/* FALLTHROUGH */
543 	default:
544 		return "*";
545 	}
546 	return pw_pwcrypt(pwbuf);
547 }
548 
549 static int
550 print_user(struct passwd * pwd, bool pretty, bool v7)
551 {
552 	int		j;
553 	char           *p;
554 	struct group   *grp = GETGRGID(pwd->pw_gid);
555 	char            uname[60] = "User &", office[60] = "[None]",
556 			wphone[60] = "[None]", hphone[60] = "[None]";
557 	char		acexpire[32] = "[None]", pwexpire[32] = "[None]";
558 	struct tm *    tptr;
559 
560 	if (!pretty) {
561 		p = v7 ? pw_make_v7(pwd) : pw_make(pwd);
562 		printf("%s\n", p);
563 		free(p);
564 		return (EXIT_SUCCESS);
565 	}
566 
567 	if ((p = strtok(pwd->pw_gecos, ",")) != NULL) {
568 		strlcpy(uname, p, sizeof(uname));
569 		if ((p = strtok(NULL, ",")) != NULL) {
570 			strlcpy(office, p, sizeof(office));
571 			if ((p = strtok(NULL, ",")) != NULL) {
572 				strlcpy(wphone, p, sizeof(wphone));
573 				if ((p = strtok(NULL, "")) != NULL) {
574 					strlcpy(hphone, p, sizeof(hphone));
575 				}
576 			}
577 		}
578 	}
579 	/*
580 	 * Handle '&' in gecos field
581 	 */
582 	if ((p = strchr(uname, '&')) != NULL) {
583 		int             l = strlen(pwd->pw_name);
584 		int             m = strlen(p);
585 
586 		memmove(p + l, p + 1, m);
587 		memmove(p, pwd->pw_name, l);
588 		*p = (char) toupper((unsigned char)*p);
589 	}
590 	if (pwd->pw_expire > (time_t)0 && (tptr = localtime(&pwd->pw_expire)) != NULL)
591 		strftime(acexpire, sizeof acexpire, "%c", tptr);
592 	if (pwd->pw_change > (time_t)0 && (tptr = localtime(&pwd->pw_change)) != NULL)
593 		strftime(pwexpire, sizeof pwexpire, "%c", tptr);
594 	printf("Login Name: %-15s   #%-12ju Group: %-15s   #%ju\n"
595 	       " Full Name: %s\n"
596 	       "      Home: %-26.26s      Class: %s\n"
597 	       "     Shell: %-26.26s     Office: %s\n"
598 	       "Work Phone: %-26.26s Home Phone: %s\n"
599 	       "Acc Expire: %-26.26s Pwd Expire: %s\n",
600 	       pwd->pw_name, (uintmax_t)pwd->pw_uid,
601 	       grp ? grp->gr_name : "(invalid)", (uintmax_t)pwd->pw_gid,
602 	       uname, pwd->pw_dir, pwd->pw_class,
603 	       pwd->pw_shell, office, wphone, hphone,
604 	       acexpire, pwexpire);
605         SETGRENT();
606 	j = 0;
607 	while ((grp=GETGRENT()) != NULL) {
608 		int     i = 0;
609 		if (grp->gr_mem != NULL) {
610 			while (grp->gr_mem[i] != NULL) {
611 				if (strcmp(grp->gr_mem[i], pwd->pw_name)==0) {
612 					printf(j++ == 0 ? "    Groups: %s" : ",%s", grp->gr_name);
613 					break;
614 				}
615 				++i;
616 			}
617 		}
618 	}
619 	ENDGRENT();
620 	printf("%s", j ? "\n" : "");
621 	return (EXIT_SUCCESS);
622 }
623 
624 char *
625 pw_checkname(char *name, int gecos)
626 {
627 	char showch[8];
628 	const char *badchars, *ch, *showtype;
629 	int reject;
630 
631 	ch = name;
632 	reject = 0;
633 	if (gecos) {
634 		/* See if the name is valid as a gecos (comment) field. */
635 		badchars = ":";
636 		showtype = "gecos field";
637 	} else {
638 		/* See if the name is valid as a userid or group. */
639 		badchars = " ,\t:+&#%$^()!@~*?<>=|\\/\";";
640 		showtype = "userid/group name";
641 		/* Userids and groups can not have a leading '-'. */
642 		if (*ch == '-')
643 			reject = 1;
644 	}
645 	if (!reject) {
646 		while (*ch) {
647 			if (strchr(badchars, *ch) != NULL ||
648 			    (!gecos && *ch < ' ') ||
649 			    *ch == 127) {
650 				reject = 1;
651 				break;
652 			}
653 			/* 8-bit characters are only allowed in GECOS fields */
654 			if (!gecos && (*ch & 0x80)) {
655 				reject = 1;
656 				break;
657 			}
658 			ch++;
659 		}
660 	}
661 	/*
662 	 * A `$' is allowed as the final character for userids and groups,
663 	 * mainly for the benefit of samba.
664 	 */
665 	if (reject && !gecos) {
666 		if (*ch == '$' && *(ch + 1) == '\0') {
667 			reject = 0;
668 			ch++;
669 		}
670 	}
671 	if (reject) {
672 		snprintf(showch, sizeof(showch), (*ch >= ' ' && *ch < 127)
673 		    ? "`%c'" : "0x%02x", *ch);
674 		errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid character %s at position %td in %s",
675 		    showch, (ch - name), showtype);
676 	}
677 	if (!gecos && (ch - name) > LOGNAMESIZE)
678 		errx(EX_USAGE, "name too long `%s' (max is %d)", name,
679 		    LOGNAMESIZE);
680 
681 	return (name);
682 }
683 
684 static void
685 rmat(uid_t uid)
686 {
687 	DIR            *d = opendir("/var/at/jobs");
688 
689 	if (d != NULL) {
690 		struct dirent  *e;
691 
692 		while ((e = readdir(d)) != NULL) {
693 			struct stat     st;
694 
695 			if (strncmp(e->d_name, ".lock", 5) != 0 &&
696 			    stat(e->d_name, &st) == 0 &&
697 			    !S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) &&
698 			    st.st_uid == uid) {
699 				const char *argv[] = {
700 					"/usr/sbin/atrm",
701 					e->d_name,
702 					NULL
703 				};
704 				if (posix_spawn(NULL, argv[0], NULL, NULL,
705 				    (char *const *) argv, environ)) {
706 					warn("Failed to execute '%s %s'",
707 					    argv[0], argv[1]);
708 				}
709 			}
710 		}
711 		closedir(d);
712 	}
713 }
714 
715 int
716 pw_user_next(int argc, char **argv, char *name __unused)
717 {
718 	struct userconf *cnf = NULL;
719 	const char *cfg = NULL;
720 	int ch;
721 	bool quiet = false;
722 	uid_t next;
723 
724 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "C:q")) != -1) {
725 		switch (ch) {
726 		case 'C':
727 			cfg = optarg;
728 			break;
729 		case 'q':
730 			quiet = true;
731 			break;
732 		default:
733 			exit(EX_USAGE);
734 		}
735 	}
736 
737 	if (quiet)
738 		freopen(_PATH_DEVNULL, "w", stderr);
739 
740 	cnf = get_userconfig(cfg);
741 
742 	next = pw_uidpolicy(cnf, -1);
743 
744 	printf("%ju:", (uintmax_t)next);
745 	pw_groupnext(cnf, quiet);
746 
747 	return (EXIT_SUCCESS);
748 }
749 
750 int
751 pw_user_show(int argc, char **argv, char *arg1)
752 {
753 	struct passwd *pwd = NULL;
754 	char *name = NULL;
755 	intmax_t id = -1;
756 	int ch;
757 	bool all = false;
758 	bool pretty = false;
759 	bool force = false;
760 	bool v7 = false;
761 	bool quiet = false;
762 
763 	if (arg1 != NULL) {
764 		if (arg1[strspn(arg1, "0123456789")] == '\0')
765 			id = pw_checkid(arg1, UID_MAX);
766 		else
767 			name = arg1;
768 	}
769 
770 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "C:qn:u:FPa7")) != -1) {
771 		switch (ch) {
772 		case 'C':
773 			/* ignore compatibility */
774 			break;
775 		case 'q':
776 			quiet = true;
777 			break;
778 		case 'n':
779 			name = optarg;
780 			break;
781 		case 'u':
782 			id = pw_checkid(optarg, UID_MAX);
783 			break;
784 		case 'F':
785 			force = true;
786 			break;
787 		case 'P':
788 			pretty = true;
789 			break;
790 		case 'a':
791 			all = true;
792 			break;
793 		case '7':
794 			v7 = true;
795 			break;
796 		default:
797 			exit(EX_USAGE);
798 		}
799 	}
800 
801 	if (quiet)
802 		freopen(_PATH_DEVNULL, "w", stderr);
803 
804 	if (all) {
805 		SETPWENT();
806 		while ((pwd = GETPWENT()) != NULL)
807 			print_user(pwd, pretty, v7);
808 		ENDPWENT();
809 		return (EXIT_SUCCESS);
810 	}
811 
812 	if (id < 0 && name == NULL)
813 		errx(EX_DATAERR, "username or id required");
814 
815 	pwd = (name != NULL) ? GETPWNAM(pw_checkname(name, 0)) : GETPWUID(id);
816 	if (pwd == NULL) {
817 		if (force) {
818 			pwd = &fakeuser;
819 		} else {
820 			if (name == NULL)
821 				errx(EX_NOUSER, "no such uid `%ju'",
822 				    (uintmax_t) id);
823 			errx(EX_NOUSER, "no such user `%s'", name);
824 		}
825 	}
826 
827 	return (print_user(pwd, pretty, v7));
828 }
829 
830 int
831 pw_user_del(int argc, char **argv, char *arg1)
832 {
833 	struct userconf *cnf = NULL;
834 	struct passwd *pwd = NULL;
835 	struct group *gr, *grp;
836 	char *name = NULL;
837 	char grname[MAXLOGNAME];
838 	char *nispasswd = NULL;
839 	char file[MAXPATHLEN];
840 	char home[MAXPATHLEN];
841 	const char *cfg = NULL;
842 	struct stat st;
843 	intmax_t id = -1;
844 	int ch, rc;
845 	bool nis = false;
846 	bool deletehome = false;
847 	bool quiet = false;
848 
849 	if (arg1 != NULL) {
850 		if (arg1[strspn(arg1, "0123456789")] == '\0')
851 			id = pw_checkid(arg1, UID_MAX);
852 		else
853 			name = arg1;
854 	}
855 
856 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "C:qn:u:rYy:")) != -1) {
857 		switch (ch) {
858 		case 'C':
859 			cfg = optarg;
860 			break;
861 		case 'q':
862 			quiet = true;
863 			break;
864 		case 'n':
865 			name = optarg;
866 			break;
867 		case 'u':
868 			id = pw_checkid(optarg, UID_MAX);
869 			break;
870 		case 'r':
871 			deletehome = true;
872 			break;
873 		case 'y':
874 			nispasswd = optarg;
875 			break;
876 		case 'Y':
877 			nis = true;
878 			break;
879 		default:
880 			exit(EX_USAGE);
881 		}
882 	}
883 
884 	if (quiet)
885 		freopen(_PATH_DEVNULL, "w", stderr);
886 
887 	if (id < 0 && name == NULL)
888 		errx(EX_DATAERR, "username or id required");
889 
890 	cnf = get_userconfig(cfg);
891 
892 	if (nispasswd == NULL)
893 		nispasswd = cnf->nispasswd;
894 
895 	pwd = (name != NULL) ? GETPWNAM(pw_checkname(name, 0)) : GETPWUID(id);
896 	if (pwd == NULL) {
897 		if (name == NULL)
898 			errx(EX_NOUSER, "no such uid `%ju'", (uintmax_t) id);
899 		errx(EX_NOUSER, "no such user `%s'", name);
900 	}
901 
902 	if (PWF._altdir == PWF_REGULAR &&
903 	    ((pwd->pw_fields & _PWF_SOURCE) != _PWF_FILES)) {
904 		if ((pwd->pw_fields & _PWF_SOURCE) == _PWF_NIS) {
905 			if (!nis && nispasswd && *nispasswd != '/')
906 				errx(EX_NOUSER, "Cannot remove NIS user `%s'",
907 				    name);
908 		} else {
909 			errx(EX_NOUSER, "Cannot remove non local user `%s'",
910 			    name);
911 		}
912 	}
913 
914 	id = pwd->pw_uid;
915 	if (name == NULL)
916 		name = pwd->pw_name;
917 
918 	if (strcmp(pwd->pw_name, "root") == 0)
919 		errx(EX_DATAERR, "cannot remove user 'root'");
920 
921 	if (!PWALTDIR()) {
922 		/* Remove crontabs */
923 		snprintf(file, sizeof(file), "/var/cron/tabs/%s", pwd->pw_name);
924 		if (access(file, F_OK) == 0) {
925 			const char *argv[] = {
926 				"crontab",
927 				"-u",
928 				pwd->pw_name,
929 				"-r",
930 				NULL
931 			};
932 			if (posix_spawnp(NULL, argv[0], NULL, NULL,
933 						(char *const *) argv, environ)) {
934 				warn("Failed to execute '%s %s'",
935 						argv[0], argv[1]);
936 			}
937 		}
938 	}
939 
940 	/*
941 	 * Save these for later, since contents of pwd may be
942 	 * invalidated by deletion
943 	 */
944 	snprintf(file, sizeof(file), "%s/%s", _PATH_MAILDIR, pwd->pw_name);
945 	strlcpy(home, pwd->pw_dir, sizeof(home));
946 	gr = GETGRGID(pwd->pw_gid);
947 	if (gr != NULL)
948 		strlcpy(grname, gr->gr_name, LOGNAMESIZE);
949 	else
950 		grname[0] = '\0';
951 
952 	rc = delpwent(pwd);
953 	if (rc == -1)
954 		err(EX_IOERR, "user '%s' does not exist", pwd->pw_name);
955 	else if (rc != 0)
956 		err(EX_IOERR, "passwd update");
957 
958 	if (nis && nispasswd && *nispasswd=='/') {
959 		rc = delnispwent(nispasswd, name);
960 		if (rc == -1)
961 			warnx("WARNING: user '%s' does not exist in NIS passwd",
962 			    pwd->pw_name);
963 		else if (rc != 0)
964 			warn("WARNING: NIS passwd update");
965 	}
966 
967 	grp = GETGRNAM(name);
968 	if (grp != NULL &&
969 	    (grp->gr_mem == NULL || *grp->gr_mem == NULL) &&
970 	    strcmp(name, grname) == 0)
971 		delgrent(GETGRNAM(name));
972 	SETGRENT();
973 	while ((grp = GETGRENT()) != NULL) {
974 		int i, j;
975 		char group[MAXLOGNAME];
976 		if (grp->gr_mem == NULL)
977 			continue;
978 
979 		for (i = 0; grp->gr_mem[i] != NULL; i++) {
980 			if (strcmp(grp->gr_mem[i], name) != 0)
981 				continue;
982 
983 			for (j = i; grp->gr_mem[j] != NULL; j++)
984 				grp->gr_mem[j] = grp->gr_mem[j+1];
985 			strlcpy(group, grp->gr_name, MAXLOGNAME);
986 			chggrent(group, grp);
987 		}
988 	}
989 	ENDGRENT();
990 
991 	pw_log(cnf, M_DELETE, W_USER, "%s(%ju) account removed", name,
992 	    (uintmax_t)id);
993 
994 	/* Remove mail file */
995 	if (PWALTDIR() != PWF_ALT)
996 		unlinkat(conf.rootfd, file + 1, 0);
997 
998 	/* Remove at jobs */
999 	if (!PWALTDIR() && getpwuid(id) == NULL)
1000 		rmat(id);
1001 
1002 	/* Remove home directory and contents */
1003 	if (PWALTDIR() != PWF_ALT && deletehome && *home == '/' &&
1004 	    GETPWUID(id) == NULL &&
1005 	    fstatat(conf.rootfd, home + 1, &st, 0) != -1) {
1006 		rm_r(conf.rootfd, home, id);
1007 		pw_log(cnf, M_DELETE, W_USER, "%s(%ju) home '%s' %s"
1008 		    "removed", name, (uintmax_t)id, home,
1009 		     fstatat(conf.rootfd, home + 1, &st, 0) == -1 ? "" : "not "
1010 		     "completely ");
1011 	}
1012 
1013 	return (EXIT_SUCCESS);
1014 }
1015 
1016 int
1017 pw_user_lock(int argc, char **argv, char *arg1)
1018 {
1019 	int ch;
1020 
1021 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "Cq")) != -1) {
1022 		switch (ch) {
1023 		case 'C':
1024 		case 'q':
1025 			/* compatibility */
1026 			break;
1027 		default:
1028 			exit(EX_USAGE);
1029 		}
1030 	}
1031 
1032 	return (pw_userlock(arg1, M_LOCK));
1033 }
1034 
1035 int
1036 pw_user_unlock(int argc, char **argv, char *arg1)
1037 {
1038 	int ch;
1039 
1040 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "Cq")) != -1) {
1041 		switch (ch) {
1042 		case 'C':
1043 		case 'q':
1044 			/* compatibility */
1045 			break;
1046 		default:
1047 			exit(EX_USAGE);
1048 		}
1049 	}
1050 
1051 	return (pw_userlock(arg1, M_UNLOCK));
1052 }
1053 
1054 static struct group *
1055 group_from_name_or_id(char *name)
1056 {
1057 	const char *errstr = NULL;
1058 	struct group *grp;
1059 	uintmax_t id;
1060 
1061 	if ((grp = GETGRNAM(name)) == NULL) {
1062 		id = strtounum(name, 0, GID_MAX, &errstr);
1063 		if (errstr)
1064 			errx(EX_NOUSER, "group `%s' does not exist", name);
1065 		grp = GETGRGID(id);
1066 		if (grp == NULL)
1067 			errx(EX_NOUSER, "group `%s' does not exist", name);
1068 	}
1069 
1070 	return (grp);
1071 }
1072 
1073 static void
1074 split_groups(StringList **groups, char *groupsstr)
1075 {
1076 	struct group *grp;
1077 	char *p;
1078 	char tok[] = ", \t";
1079 
1080 	if (*groups == NULL)
1081 		*groups = sl_init();
1082 	for (p = strtok(groupsstr, tok); p != NULL; p = strtok(NULL, tok)) {
1083 		grp = group_from_name_or_id(p);
1084 		sl_add(*groups, newstr(grp->gr_name));
1085 	}
1086 }
1087 
1088 static void
1089 validate_grname(struct userconf *cnf, char *group)
1090 {
1091 	struct group *grp;
1092 
1093 	if (group == NULL || *group == '\0') {
1094 		cnf->default_group = "";
1095 		return;
1096 	}
1097 	grp = group_from_name_or_id(group);
1098 	cnf->default_group = newstr(grp->gr_name);
1099 }
1100 
1101 static mode_t
1102 validate_mode(char *mode)
1103 {
1104 	mode_t m;
1105 	void *set;
1106 
1107 	if ((set = setmode(mode)) == NULL)
1108 		errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid directory creation mode '%s'", mode);
1109 
1110 	m = getmode(set, _DEF_DIRMODE);
1111 	free(set);
1112 	return (m);
1113 }
1114 
1115 static long
1116 validate_expire(char *str, int opt)
1117 {
1118 	if (!numerics(str))
1119 		errx(EX_DATAERR, "-%c argument must be numeric "
1120 		     "when setting defaults: %s", (char)opt, str);
1121 	return strtol(str, NULL, 0);
1122 }
1123 
1124 static void
1125 mix_config(struct userconf *cmdcnf, struct userconf *cfg)
1126 {
1127 
1128 	if (cmdcnf->default_password < 0)
1129 		cmdcnf->default_password = cfg->default_password;
1130 	if (cmdcnf->reuse_uids == 0)
1131 		cmdcnf->reuse_uids = cfg->reuse_uids;
1132 	if (cmdcnf->reuse_gids == 0)
1133 		cmdcnf->reuse_gids = cfg->reuse_gids;
1134 	if (cmdcnf->nispasswd == NULL)
1135 		cmdcnf->nispasswd = cfg->nispasswd;
1136 	if (cmdcnf->dotdir == NULL)
1137 		cmdcnf->dotdir = cfg->dotdir;
1138 	if (cmdcnf->newmail == NULL)
1139 		cmdcnf->newmail = cfg->newmail;
1140 	if (cmdcnf->logfile == NULL)
1141 		cmdcnf->logfile = cfg->logfile;
1142 	if (cmdcnf->home == NULL)
1143 		cmdcnf->home = cfg->home;
1144 	if (cmdcnf->homemode == 0)
1145 		cmdcnf->homemode = cfg->homemode;
1146 	if (cmdcnf->shelldir == NULL)
1147 		cmdcnf->shelldir = cfg->shelldir;
1148 	if (cmdcnf->shells == NULL)
1149 		cmdcnf->shells = cfg->shells;
1150 	if (cmdcnf->shell_default == NULL)
1151 		cmdcnf->shell_default = cfg->shell_default;
1152 	if (cmdcnf->default_group == NULL)
1153 		cmdcnf->default_group = cfg->default_group;
1154 	if (cmdcnf->groups == NULL)
1155 		cmdcnf->groups = cfg->groups;
1156 	if (cmdcnf->default_class == NULL)
1157 		cmdcnf->default_class = cfg->default_class;
1158 	if (cmdcnf->min_uid == 0)
1159 		cmdcnf->min_uid = cfg->min_uid;
1160 	if (cmdcnf->max_uid == 0)
1161 		cmdcnf->max_uid = cfg->max_uid;
1162 	if (cmdcnf->min_gid == 0)
1163 		cmdcnf->min_gid = cfg->min_gid;
1164 	if (cmdcnf->max_gid == 0)
1165 		cmdcnf->max_gid = cfg->max_gid;
1166 	if (cmdcnf->expire_days < 0)
1167 		cmdcnf->expire_days = cfg->expire_days;
1168 	if (cmdcnf->password_days < 0)
1169 		cmdcnf->password_days = cfg->password_days;
1170 }
1171 
1172 int
1173 pw_user_add(int argc, char **argv, char *arg1)
1174 {
1175 	struct userconf *cnf, *cmdcnf;
1176 	struct passwd *pwd;
1177 	struct group *grp;
1178 	struct stat st;
1179 	char args[] = "C:qn:u:c:d:e:p:g:G:mM:k:s:oL:i:w:h:H:Db:NPy:Y";
1180 	char line[_PASSWORD_LEN+1], path[MAXPATHLEN];
1181 	char *gecos, *homedir, *skel, *walk, *userid, *groupid, *grname;
1182 	char *default_passwd, *name, *p;
1183 	const char *cfg = NULL;
1184 	login_cap_t *lc;
1185 	FILE *pfp, *fp;
1186 	intmax_t id = -1;
1187 	time_t now;
1188 	int rc, ch, fd = -1;
1189 	size_t i;
1190 	bool dryrun, nis, pretty, quiet, createhome, precrypted, genconf;
1191 
1192 	dryrun = nis = pretty = quiet = createhome = precrypted = false;
1193 	genconf = false;
1194 	gecos = homedir = skel = userid = groupid = default_passwd = NULL;
1195 	grname = name = NULL;
1196 
1197 	if ((cmdcnf = calloc(1, sizeof(struct userconf))) == NULL)
1198 		err(EXIT_FAILURE, "calloc()");
1199 
1200 	cmdcnf->default_password = cmdcnf->expire_days = cmdcnf->password_days = -1;
1201 	now = time(NULL);
1202 
1203 	if (arg1 != NULL) {
1204 		if (arg1[strspn(arg1, "0123456789")] == '\0')
1205 			id = pw_checkid(arg1, UID_MAX);
1206 		else
1207 			name = pw_checkname(arg1, 0);
1208 	}
1209 
1210 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, args)) != -1) {
1211 		switch (ch) {
1212 		case 'C':
1213 			cfg = optarg;
1214 			break;
1215 		case 'q':
1216 			quiet = true;
1217 			break;
1218 		case 'n':
1219 			name = pw_checkname(optarg, 0);
1220 			break;
1221 		case 'u':
1222 			userid = optarg;
1223 			break;
1224 		case 'c':
1225 			gecos = pw_checkname(optarg, 1);
1226 			break;
1227 		case 'd':
1228 			homedir = optarg;
1229 			break;
1230 		case 'e':
1231 			if (genconf)
1232 			    cmdcnf->expire_days = validate_expire(optarg, ch);
1233 			else
1234 			    cmdcnf->expire_days = parse_date(now, optarg);
1235 			break;
1236 		case 'p':
1237 			if (genconf)
1238 			    cmdcnf->password_days = validate_expire(optarg, ch);
1239 			else
1240 			    cmdcnf->password_days = parse_date(now, optarg);
1241 			break;
1242 		case 'g':
1243 			validate_grname(cmdcnf, optarg);
1244 			grname = optarg;
1245 			break;
1246 		case 'G':
1247 			split_groups(&cmdcnf->groups, optarg);
1248 			break;
1249 		case 'm':
1250 			createhome = true;
1251 			break;
1252 		case 'M':
1253 			cmdcnf->homemode = validate_mode(optarg);
1254 			break;
1255 		case 'k':
1256 			walk = skel = optarg;
1257 			if (*walk == '/')
1258 				walk++;
1259 			if (fstatat(conf.rootfd, walk, &st, 0) == -1)
1260 				errx(EX_OSFILE, "skeleton `%s' does not "
1261 				    "exists", skel);
1262 			if (!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
1263 				errx(EX_OSFILE, "skeleton `%s' is not a "
1264 				    "directory", skel);
1265 			cmdcnf->dotdir = skel;
1266 			break;
1267 		case 's':
1268 			cmdcnf->shell_default = optarg;
1269 			break;
1270 		case 'o':
1271 			conf.checkduplicate = false;
1272 			break;
1273 		case 'L':
1274 			cmdcnf->default_class = pw_checkname(optarg, 0);
1275 			break;
1276 		case 'i':
1277 			groupid = optarg;
1278 			break;
1279 		case 'w':
1280 			default_passwd = optarg;
1281 			break;
1282 		case 'H':
1283 			if (fd != -1)
1284 				errx(EX_USAGE, "'-h' and '-H' are mutually "
1285 				    "exclusive options");
1286 			fd = pw_checkfd(optarg);
1287 			precrypted = true;
1288 			if (fd == '-')
1289 				errx(EX_USAGE, "-H expects a file descriptor");
1290 			break;
1291 		case 'h':
1292 			if (fd != -1)
1293 				errx(EX_USAGE, "'-h' and '-H' are mutually "
1294 				    "exclusive options");
1295 			fd = pw_checkfd(optarg);
1296 			break;
1297 		case 'D':
1298 			genconf = true;
1299 			break;
1300 		case 'b':
1301 			cmdcnf->home = optarg;
1302 			break;
1303 		case 'N':
1304 			dryrun = true;
1305 			break;
1306 		case 'P':
1307 			pretty = true;
1308 			break;
1309 		case 'y':
1310 			cmdcnf->nispasswd = optarg;
1311 			break;
1312 		case 'Y':
1313 			nis = true;
1314 			break;
1315 		default:
1316 			exit(EX_USAGE);
1317 		}
1318 	}
1319 
1320 	if (geteuid() != 0 && ! dryrun)
1321 		errx(EX_NOPERM, "you must be root");
1322 
1323 	if (quiet)
1324 		freopen(_PATH_DEVNULL, "w", stderr);
1325 
1326 	cnf = get_userconfig(cfg);
1327 
1328 	mix_config(cmdcnf, cnf);
1329 	if (default_passwd)
1330 		cmdcnf->default_password = passwd_val(default_passwd,
1331 		    cnf->default_password);
1332 	if (genconf) {
1333 		if (name != NULL)
1334 			errx(EX_DATAERR, "can't combine `-D' with `-n name'");
1335 		if (userid != NULL) {
1336 			if ((p = strtok(userid, ", \t")) != NULL)
1337 				cmdcnf->min_uid = pw_checkid(p, UID_MAX);
1338 			if (cmdcnf->min_uid == 0)
1339 				cmdcnf->min_uid = 1000;
1340 			if ((p = strtok(NULL, " ,\t")) != NULL)
1341 				cmdcnf->max_uid = pw_checkid(p, UID_MAX);
1342 			if (cmdcnf->max_uid == 0)
1343 				cmdcnf->max_uid = 32000;
1344 		}
1345 		if (groupid != NULL) {
1346 			if ((p = strtok(groupid, ", \t")) != NULL)
1347 				cmdcnf->min_gid = pw_checkid(p, GID_MAX);
1348 			if (cmdcnf->min_gid == 0)
1349 				cmdcnf->min_gid = 1000;
1350 			if ((p = strtok(NULL, " ,\t")) != NULL)
1351 				cmdcnf->max_gid = pw_checkid(p, GID_MAX);
1352 			if (cmdcnf->max_gid == 0)
1353 				cmdcnf->max_gid = 32000;
1354 		}
1355 		if (write_userconfig(cmdcnf, cfg))
1356 			return (EXIT_SUCCESS);
1357 		err(EX_IOERR, "config update");
1358 	}
1359 
1360 	if (userid)
1361 		id = pw_checkid(userid, UID_MAX);
1362 	if (id < 0 && name == NULL)
1363 		errx(EX_DATAERR, "user name or id required");
1364 
1365 	if (name == NULL)
1366 		errx(EX_DATAERR, "login name required");
1367 
1368 	if (GETPWNAM(name) != NULL)
1369 		errx(EX_DATAERR, "login name `%s' already exists", name);
1370 
1371 	if (!grname)
1372 		grname = cmdcnf->default_group;
1373 
1374 	pwd = &fakeuser;
1375 	pwd->pw_name = name;
1376 	pwd->pw_class = cmdcnf->default_class ? cmdcnf->default_class : "";
1377 	pwd->pw_uid = pw_uidpolicy(cmdcnf, id);
1378 	pwd->pw_gid = pw_gidpolicy(cnf, grname, pwd->pw_name,
1379 	    (gid_t) pwd->pw_uid, dryrun);
1380 
1381 	/* cmdcnf->password_days and cmdcnf->expire_days hold unixtime here */
1382 	if (cmdcnf->password_days > 0)
1383 		pwd->pw_change = cmdcnf->password_days;
1384 	if (cmdcnf->expire_days > 0)
1385 		pwd->pw_expire = cmdcnf->expire_days;
1386 
1387 	pwd->pw_dir = pw_homepolicy(cmdcnf, homedir, pwd->pw_name);
1388 	pwd->pw_shell = pw_shellpolicy(cmdcnf);
1389 	lc = login_getpwclass(pwd);
1390 	if (lc == NULL || login_setcryptfmt(lc, "sha512", NULL) == NULL)
1391 		warn("setting crypt(3) format");
1392 	login_close(lc);
1393 	pwd->pw_passwd = pw_password(cmdcnf, pwd->pw_name);
1394 	if (pwd->pw_uid == 0 && strcmp(pwd->pw_name, "root") != 0)
1395 		warnx("WARNING: new account `%s' has a uid of 0 "
1396 		    "(superuser access!)", pwd->pw_name);
1397 	if (gecos)
1398 		pwd->pw_gecos = gecos;
1399 
1400 	if (fd != -1)
1401 		pw_set_passwd(pwd, fd, precrypted, false);
1402 
1403 	if (dryrun)
1404 		return (print_user(pwd, pretty, false));
1405 
1406 	if ((rc = addpwent(pwd)) != 0) {
1407 		if (rc == -1)
1408 			errx(EX_IOERR, "user '%s' already exists",
1409 			    pwd->pw_name);
1410 		else if (rc != 0)
1411 			err(EX_IOERR, "passwd file update");
1412 	}
1413 	if (nis && cmdcnf->nispasswd && *cmdcnf->nispasswd == '/') {
1414 		printf("%s\n", cmdcnf->nispasswd);
1415 		rc = addnispwent(cmdcnf->nispasswd, pwd);
1416 		if (rc == -1)
1417 			warnx("User '%s' already exists in NIS passwd",
1418 			    pwd->pw_name);
1419 		else if (rc != 0)
1420 			warn("NIS passwd update");
1421 		/* NOTE: we treat NIS-only update errors as non-fatal */
1422 	}
1423 
1424 	if (cmdcnf->groups != NULL) {
1425 		for (i = 0; i < cmdcnf->groups->sl_cur; i++) {
1426 			grp = GETGRNAM(cmdcnf->groups->sl_str[i]);
1427 			grp = gr_add(grp, pwd->pw_name);
1428 			/*
1429 			 * grp can only be NULL in 2 cases:
1430 			 * - the new member is already a member
1431 			 * - a problem with memory occurs
1432 			 * in both cases we want to skip now.
1433 			 */
1434 			if (grp == NULL)
1435 				continue;
1436 			chggrent(grp->gr_name, grp);
1437 			free(grp);
1438 		}
1439 	}
1440 
1441 	pwd = GETPWNAM(name);
1442 	if (pwd == NULL)
1443 		errx(EX_NOUSER, "user '%s' disappeared during update", name);
1444 
1445 	grp = GETGRGID(pwd->pw_gid);
1446 	pw_log(cnf, M_ADD, W_USER, "%s(%ju):%s(%ju):%s:%s:%s",
1447 	       pwd->pw_name, (uintmax_t)pwd->pw_uid,
1448 	    grp ? grp->gr_name : "unknown",
1449 	       (uintmax_t)(grp ? grp->gr_gid : (uid_t)-1),
1450 	       pwd->pw_gecos, pwd->pw_dir, pwd->pw_shell);
1451 
1452 	/*
1453 	 * let's touch and chown the user's mail file. This is not
1454 	 * strictly necessary under BSD with a 0755 maildir but it also
1455 	 * doesn't hurt anything to create the empty mailfile
1456 	 */
1457 	if (PWALTDIR() != PWF_ALT) {
1458 		snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/%s", _PATH_MAILDIR,
1459 		    pwd->pw_name);
1460 		/* Preserve contents & mtime */
1461 		close(openat(conf.rootfd, path +1, O_RDWR | O_CREAT, 0600));
1462 		fchownat(conf.rootfd, path + 1, pwd->pw_uid, pwd->pw_gid,
1463 		    AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW);
1464 	}
1465 
1466 	/*
1467 	 * Let's create and populate the user's home directory. Note
1468 	 * that this also `works' for editing users if -m is used, but
1469 	 * existing files will *not* be overwritten.
1470 	 */
1471 	if (PWALTDIR() != PWF_ALT && createhome && pwd->pw_dir &&
1472 	    *pwd->pw_dir == '/' && pwd->pw_dir[1])
1473 		create_and_populate_homedir(cmdcnf, pwd, cmdcnf->dotdir,
1474 		    cmdcnf->homemode, false);
1475 
1476 	if (!PWALTDIR() && cmdcnf->newmail && *cmdcnf->newmail &&
1477 	    (fp = fopen(cnf->newmail, "r")) != NULL) {
1478 		if ((pfp = popen(_PATH_SENDMAIL " -t", "w")) == NULL)
1479 			warn("sendmail");
1480 		else {
1481 			fprintf(pfp, "From: root\n" "To: %s\n"
1482 			    "Subject: Welcome!\n\n", pwd->pw_name);
1483 			while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), fp) != NULL) {
1484 				/* Do substitutions? */
1485 				fputs(line, pfp);
1486 			}
1487 			pclose(pfp);
1488 			pw_log(cnf, M_ADD, W_USER, "%s(%ju) new user mail sent",
1489 			    pwd->pw_name, (uintmax_t)pwd->pw_uid);
1490 		}
1491 		fclose(fp);
1492 	}
1493 
1494 	if (nis && nis_update() == 0)
1495 		pw_log(cnf, M_ADD, W_USER, "NIS maps updated");
1496 
1497 	return (EXIT_SUCCESS);
1498 }
1499 
1500 int
1501 pw_user_mod(int argc, char **argv, char *arg1)
1502 {
1503 	struct userconf *cnf;
1504 	struct passwd *pwd;
1505 	struct group *grp;
1506 	StringList *groups = NULL;
1507 	char args[] = "C:qn:u:c:d:e:p:g:G:mM:l:k:s:w:L:h:H:NPYy:";
1508 	const char *cfg = NULL;
1509 	char *gecos, *homedir, *grname, *name, *newname, *walk, *skel, *shell;
1510 	char *passwd, *class, *nispasswd;
1511 	login_cap_t *lc;
1512 	struct stat st;
1513 	intmax_t id = -1;
1514 	int ch, fd = -1;
1515 	size_t i, j;
1516 	bool quiet, createhome, pretty, dryrun, nis, edited;
1517 	bool precrypted;
1518 	mode_t homemode = 0;
1519 	time_t expire_time, password_time, now;
1520 
1521 	expire_time = password_time = -1;
1522 	gecos = homedir = grname = name = newname = skel = shell =NULL;
1523 	passwd = NULL;
1524 	class = nispasswd = NULL;
1525 	quiet = createhome = pretty = dryrun = nis = precrypted = false;
1526 	edited = false;
1527 	now = time(NULL);
1528 
1529 	if (arg1 != NULL) {
1530 		if (arg1[strspn(arg1, "0123456789")] == '\0')
1531 			id = pw_checkid(arg1, UID_MAX);
1532 		else
1533 			name = arg1;
1534 	}
1535 
1536 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, args)) != -1) {
1537 		switch (ch) {
1538 		case 'C':
1539 			cfg = optarg;
1540 			break;
1541 		case 'q':
1542 			quiet = true;
1543 			break;
1544 		case 'n':
1545 			name = optarg;
1546 			break;
1547 		case 'u':
1548 			id = pw_checkid(optarg, UID_MAX);
1549 			break;
1550 		case 'c':
1551 			gecos = pw_checkname(optarg, 1);
1552 			break;
1553 		case 'd':
1554 			homedir = optarg;
1555 			break;
1556 		case 'e':
1557 			expire_time = parse_date(now, optarg);
1558 			break;
1559 		case 'p':
1560 			password_time = parse_date(now, optarg);
1561 			break;
1562 		case 'g':
1563 			group_from_name_or_id(optarg);
1564 			grname = optarg;
1565 			break;
1566 		case 'G':
1567 			split_groups(&groups, optarg);
1568 			break;
1569 		case 'm':
1570 			createhome = true;
1571 			break;
1572 		case 'M':
1573 			homemode = validate_mode(optarg);
1574 			break;
1575 		case 'l':
1576 			newname = optarg;
1577 			break;
1578 		case 'k':
1579 			walk = skel = optarg;
1580 			if (*walk == '/')
1581 				walk++;
1582 			if (fstatat(conf.rootfd, walk, &st, 0) == -1)
1583 				errx(EX_OSFILE, "skeleton `%s' does not "
1584 				    "exists", skel);
1585 			if (!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
1586 				errx(EX_OSFILE, "skeleton `%s' is not a "
1587 				    "directory", skel);
1588 			break;
1589 		case 's':
1590 			shell = optarg;
1591 			break;
1592 		case 'w':
1593 			passwd = optarg;
1594 			break;
1595 		case 'L':
1596 			class = pw_checkname(optarg, 0);
1597 			break;
1598 		case 'H':
1599 			if (fd != -1)
1600 				errx(EX_USAGE, "'-h' and '-H' are mutually "
1601 				    "exclusive options");
1602 			fd = pw_checkfd(optarg);
1603 			precrypted = true;
1604 			if (fd == '-')
1605 				errx(EX_USAGE, "-H expects a file descriptor");
1606 			break;
1607 		case 'h':
1608 			if (fd != -1)
1609 				errx(EX_USAGE, "'-h' and '-H' are mutually "
1610 				    "exclusive options");
1611 			fd = pw_checkfd(optarg);
1612 			break;
1613 		case 'N':
1614 			dryrun = true;
1615 			break;
1616 		case 'P':
1617 			pretty = true;
1618 			break;
1619 		case 'y':
1620 			nispasswd = optarg;
1621 			break;
1622 		case 'Y':
1623 			nis = true;
1624 			break;
1625 		default:
1626 			exit(EX_USAGE);
1627 		}
1628 	}
1629 
1630 	if (geteuid() != 0 && ! dryrun)
1631 		errx(EX_NOPERM, "you must be root");
1632 
1633 	if (quiet)
1634 		freopen(_PATH_DEVNULL, "w", stderr);
1635 
1636 	cnf = get_userconfig(cfg);
1637 
1638 	if (id < 0 && name == NULL)
1639 		errx(EX_DATAERR, "username or id required");
1640 
1641 	pwd = (name != NULL) ? GETPWNAM(pw_checkname(name, 0)) : GETPWUID(id);
1642 	if (pwd == NULL) {
1643 		if (name == NULL)
1644 			errx(EX_NOUSER, "no such uid `%ju'",
1645 			    (uintmax_t) id);
1646 		errx(EX_NOUSER, "no such user `%s'", name);
1647 	}
1648 
1649 	if (name == NULL)
1650 		name = pwd->pw_name;
1651 
1652 	if (nis && nispasswd == NULL)
1653 		nispasswd = cnf->nispasswd;
1654 
1655 	if (PWF._altdir == PWF_REGULAR &&
1656 	    ((pwd->pw_fields & _PWF_SOURCE) != _PWF_FILES)) {
1657 		if ((pwd->pw_fields & _PWF_SOURCE) == _PWF_NIS) {
1658 			if (!nis && nispasswd && *nispasswd != '/')
1659 				errx(EX_NOUSER, "Cannot modify NIS user `%s'",
1660 				    name);
1661 		} else {
1662 			errx(EX_NOUSER, "Cannot modify non local user `%s'",
1663 			    name);
1664 		}
1665 	}
1666 
1667 	if (newname) {
1668 		if (strcmp(pwd->pw_name, "root") == 0)
1669 			errx(EX_DATAERR, "can't rename `root' account");
1670 		if (strcmp(pwd->pw_name, newname) != 0) {
1671 			pwd->pw_name = pw_checkname(newname, 0);
1672 			edited = true;
1673 		}
1674 	}
1675 
1676 	if (id >= 0 && pwd->pw_uid != id) {
1677 		pwd->pw_uid = id;
1678 		edited = true;
1679 		if (pwd->pw_uid != 0 && strcmp(pwd->pw_name, "root") == 0)
1680 			errx(EX_DATAERR, "can't change uid of `root' account");
1681 		if (pwd->pw_uid == 0 && strcmp(pwd->pw_name, "root") != 0)
1682 			warnx("WARNING: account `%s' will have a uid of 0 "
1683 			    "(superuser access!)", pwd->pw_name);
1684 	}
1685 
1686 	if (grname && pwd->pw_uid != 0) {
1687 		grp = GETGRNAM(grname);
1688 		if (grp == NULL)
1689 			grp = GETGRGID(pw_checkid(grname, GID_MAX));
1690 		if (grp->gr_gid != pwd->pw_gid) {
1691 			pwd->pw_gid = grp->gr_gid;
1692 			edited = true;
1693 		}
1694 	}
1695 
1696 
1697 	if (password_time >= 0 && pwd->pw_change != password_time) {
1698 		pwd->pw_change = password_time;
1699 		edited = true;
1700 	}
1701 
1702 	if (expire_time >= 0 && pwd->pw_expire != expire_time) {
1703 		pwd->pw_expire = expire_time;
1704 		edited = true;
1705 	}
1706 
1707 	if (shell) {
1708 		shell = shell_path(cnf->shelldir, cnf->shells, shell);
1709 		if (shell == NULL)
1710 			shell = "";
1711 		if (strcmp(shell, pwd->pw_shell) != 0) {
1712 			pwd->pw_shell = shell;
1713 			edited = true;
1714 		}
1715 	}
1716 
1717 	if (class && strcmp(pwd->pw_class, class) != 0) {
1718 		pwd->pw_class = class;
1719 		edited = true;
1720 	}
1721 
1722 	if (homedir && strcmp(pwd->pw_dir, homedir) != 0) {
1723 		pwd->pw_dir = homedir;
1724 		edited = true;
1725 		if (fstatat(conf.rootfd, pwd->pw_dir, &st, 0) == -1) {
1726 			if (!createhome)
1727 				warnx("WARNING: home `%s' does not exist",
1728 				    pwd->pw_dir);
1729 		} else if (!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
1730 			warnx("WARNING: home `%s' is not a directory",
1731 			    pwd->pw_dir);
1732 		}
1733 	}
1734 
1735 	if (passwd && conf.fd == -1) {
1736 		lc = login_getpwclass(pwd);
1737 		if (lc == NULL || login_setcryptfmt(lc, "sha512", NULL) == NULL)
1738 			warn("setting crypt(3) format");
1739 		login_close(lc);
1740 		cnf->default_password = passwd_val(passwd,
1741 		    cnf->default_password);
1742 		pwd->pw_passwd = pw_password(cnf, pwd->pw_name);
1743 		edited = true;
1744 	}
1745 
1746 	if (gecos && strcmp(pwd->pw_gecos, gecos) != 0) {
1747 		pwd->pw_gecos = gecos;
1748 		edited = true;
1749 	}
1750 
1751 	if (fd != -1)
1752 		edited = pw_set_passwd(pwd, fd, precrypted, true);
1753 
1754 	if (dryrun)
1755 		return (print_user(pwd, pretty, false));
1756 
1757 	if (edited) /* Only updated this if required */
1758 		perform_chgpwent(name, pwd, nis ? nispasswd : NULL);
1759 	/* Now perform the needed changes concern groups */
1760 	if (groups != NULL) {
1761 		/* Delete User from groups using old name */
1762 		SETGRENT();
1763 		while ((grp = GETGRENT()) != NULL) {
1764 			if (grp->gr_mem == NULL)
1765 				continue;
1766 			for (i = 0; grp->gr_mem[i] != NULL; i++) {
1767 				if (strcmp(grp->gr_mem[i] , name) != 0)
1768 					continue;
1769 				for (j = i; grp->gr_mem[j] != NULL ; j++)
1770 					grp->gr_mem[j] = grp->gr_mem[j+1];
1771 				chggrent(grp->gr_name, grp);
1772 				break;
1773 			}
1774 		}
1775 		ENDGRENT();
1776 		/* Add the user to the needed groups */
1777 		for (i = 0; i < groups->sl_cur; i++) {
1778 			grp = GETGRNAM(groups->sl_str[i]);
1779 			grp = gr_add(grp, pwd->pw_name);
1780 			if (grp == NULL)
1781 				continue;
1782 			chggrent(grp->gr_name, grp);
1783 			free(grp);
1784 		}
1785 	}
1786 	/* In case of rename we need to walk over the different groups */
1787 	if (newname) {
1788 		SETGRENT();
1789 		while ((grp = GETGRENT()) != NULL) {
1790 			if (grp->gr_mem == NULL)
1791 				continue;
1792 			for (i = 0; grp->gr_mem[i] != NULL; i++) {
1793 				if (strcmp(grp->gr_mem[i], name) != 0)
1794 					continue;
1795 				grp->gr_mem[i] = newname;
1796 				chggrent(grp->gr_name, grp);
1797 				break;
1798 			}
1799 		}
1800 	}
1801 
1802 	/* go get a current version of pwd */
1803 	if (newname)
1804 		name = newname;
1805 	pwd = GETPWNAM(name);
1806 	if (pwd == NULL)
1807 		errx(EX_NOUSER, "user '%s' disappeared during update", name);
1808 	grp = GETGRGID(pwd->pw_gid);
1809 	pw_log(cnf, M_UPDATE, W_USER, "%s(%ju):%s(%ju):%s:%s:%s",
1810 	    pwd->pw_name, (uintmax_t)pwd->pw_uid,
1811 	    grp ? grp->gr_name : "unknown",
1812 	    (uintmax_t)(grp ? grp->gr_gid : (uid_t)-1),
1813 	    pwd->pw_gecos, pwd->pw_dir, pwd->pw_shell);
1814 
1815 	/*
1816 	 * Let's create and populate the user's home directory. Note
1817 	 * that this also `works' for editing users if -m is used, but
1818 	 * existing files will *not* be overwritten.
1819 	 */
1820 	if (PWALTDIR() != PWF_ALT && createhome && pwd->pw_dir &&
1821 	    *pwd->pw_dir == '/' && pwd->pw_dir[1]) {
1822 		if (!skel)
1823 			skel = cnf->dotdir;
1824 		if (homemode == 0)
1825 			homemode = cnf->homemode;
1826 		create_and_populate_homedir(cnf, pwd, skel, homemode, true);
1827 	}
1828 
1829 	if (nis && nis_update() == 0)
1830 		pw_log(cnf, M_UPDATE, W_USER, "NIS maps updated");
1831 
1832 	return (EXIT_SUCCESS);
1833 }
1834